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+                          Special Hostnames in Tor
+                               Nick Mathewson
+
+Table of Contents
+
+    1. Overview
+    2. .exit
+    3. .onion
+    4. .noconnect
+
+1. Overview
+
+  Most of the time, Tor treats user-specified hostnames as opaque:  When
+  the user connects to www.torproject.org, Tor picks an exit node and uses
+  that node to connect to "www.torproject.org".  Some hostnames, however,
+  can be used to override Tor's default behavior and circuit-building
+  rules.
+
+  These hostnames can be passed to Tor as the address part of a SOCKS4a or
+  SOCKS5 request.  If the application is connected to Tor using an IP-only
+  method (such as SOCKS4, TransPort, or NATDPort), these hostnames can be
+  substituted for certain IP addresses using the MapAddress configuration
+  option or the MAPADDRESS control command.
+
+2. .exit
+
+  SYNTAX:  [hostname].[name-or-digest].exit
+           [name-or-digest].exit
+
+  Hostname is a valid hostname; [name-or-digest] is either the nickname of a
+  Tor node or the hex-encoded digest of that node's public key.
+
+  When Tor sees an address in this format, it uses the specified hostname as
+  the exit node.  If no "hostname" component is given, Tor defaults to the
+  published IPv4 address of the exit node.
+
+  It is valid to try to resolve hostnames, and in fact upon success Tor
+  will cache an internal mapaddress of the form
+  "www.google.com.foo.exit=64.233.161.99.foo.exit" to speed subsequent
+  lookups.
+
+  The .exit notation is disabled by default as of Tor 0.2.2.1-alpha, due
+  to potential application-level attacks.
+
+  EXAMPLES:
+     www.example.com.exampletornode.exit
+
+        Connect to www.example.com from the node called "exampletornode".
+
+     exampletornode.exit
+
+        Connect to the published IP address of "exampletornode" using
+        "exampletornode" as the exit.
+
+3. .onion
+
+  SYNTAX:  [digest].onion
+           [ignored].[digest].onion
+
+  Version 2 addresses (deprecated since 0.4.6.1-alpha), the digest is the first
+  eighty bits of a SHA1 hash of the identity key for a hidden service, encoded
+  in base32.
+
+  Version 3 addresses, the digest is defined as:
+
+     onion_address = base32(PUBKEY | CHECKSUM | VERSION)
+     CHECKSUM = H(".onion checksum" | PUBKEY | VERSION)[:2]
+
+     where:
+       - PUBKEY is the 32 bytes ed25519 master pubkey of the onion service.
+       - VERSION is a one byte version field (default value '\x03')
+       - ".onion checksum" is a constant string
+       - H is SHA3-256
+       - CHECKSUM is truncated to two bytes before inserting it in onion_address
+
+  When Tor sees an address in this format, it tries to look up and connect to
+  the specified onion service. See rend-spec-v3.txt for full details.
+
+  The "ignored" portion of the address is intended for use in vhosting, and
+  is supported in Tor 0.2.4.10-alpha and later.
+
+4. .noconnect
+
+  SYNTAX:  [string].noconnect
+
+  When Tor sees an address in this format, it immediately closes the
+  connection without attaching it to any circuit. This is useful for
+  controllers that want to test whether a given application is indeed
+  using the same instance of Tor that they're controlling.
+
+  This feature was added in Tor 0.1.2.4-alpha, and taken out in Tor
+  0.2.2.1-alpha over fears that it provided another avenue for detecting
+  Tor users via application-level web tricks.
+