cmd/compile: improve generated code for concrete cases in type switches

Consider

switch x:= x.(type) {
case int:
  // int stmts
case error:
  // error stmts
}

Prior to this change, we lowered this roughly as:

if x, ok := x.(int); ok {
  // int stmts
} else if x, ok := x.(error); ok {
  // error stmts
}

x, ok := x.(error) is implemented with a call to runtime.assertE2I2 or runtime.assertI2I2.

x, ok := x.(int) generates inline code that checks whether x has type int,
and populates x and ok as appropriate. We then immediately branch again on ok.
The shortcircuit pass in the SSA backend is designed to recognize situations
like this, in which we are immediately branching on a bool value
that we just calculated with a branch.

However, the shortcircuit pass has limitations when the intermediate state has phis.
In this case, the phi value is x (the int).
CL 222923 improved the situation, but many cases are still unhandled.
I have further improvements in progress, which is how I found this particular problem,
but they are expensive, and may or may not see the light of day.

In the common case of a lone concrete type in a type switch case,
it is easier and cheaper to simply lower a different way, roughly:

if _, ok := x.(int); ok {
  x := x.(int)
  // int stmts
}

Instead of using a type assertion, though, we extract the value of x
from the interface directly.

This removes the need to track x (the int) across the branch on ok,
which removes the phi, which lets the shortcircuit pass do its job.

Benchmarks for encoding/binary show improvements, as well as some
wild swings on the super fast benchmarks (alignment effects?):

name                      old time/op    new time/op    delta
ReadSlice1000Int32s-8       5.25µs ± 2%    4.87µs ± 3%   -7.11%  (p=0.000 n=44+49)
ReadStruct-8                 451ns ± 2%     417ns ± 2%   -7.39%  (p=0.000 n=45+46)
WriteStruct-8                412ns ± 2%     405ns ± 3%   -1.58%  (p=0.000 n=46+48)
ReadInts-8                   296ns ± 8%     275ns ± 3%   -7.23%  (p=0.000 n=48+50)
WriteInts-8                  324ns ± 1%     318ns ± 2%   -1.67%  (p=0.000 n=44+49)
WriteSlice1000Int32s-8      5.21µs ± 2%    4.92µs ± 1%   -5.67%  (p=0.000 n=46+44)
PutUint16-8                 0.58ns ± 2%    0.59ns ± 2%   +0.63%  (p=0.000 n=49+49)
PutUint32-8                 0.87ns ± 1%    0.58ns ± 1%  -33.10%  (p=0.000 n=46+44)
PutUint64-8                 0.66ns ± 2%    0.87ns ± 2%  +33.07%  (p=0.000 n=47+48)
LittleEndianPutUint16-8     0.86ns ± 2%    0.87ns ± 2%   +0.55%  (p=0.003 n=47+50)
LittleEndianPutUint32-8     0.87ns ± 1%    0.87ns ± 1%     ~     (p=0.547 n=45+47)
LittleEndianPutUint64-8     0.87ns ± 2%    0.87ns ± 1%     ~     (p=0.451 n=46+47)
ReadFloats-8                79.8ns ± 5%    75.9ns ± 2%   -4.83%  (p=0.000 n=50+47)
WriteFloats-8               89.3ns ± 1%    88.9ns ± 1%   -0.48%  (p=0.000 n=46+44)
ReadSlice1000Float32s-8     5.51µs ± 1%    4.87µs ± 2%  -11.74%  (p=0.000 n=47+46)
WriteSlice1000Float32s-8    5.51µs ± 1%    4.93µs ± 1%  -10.60%  (p=0.000 n=48+47)
PutUvarint32-8              25.9ns ± 2%    24.0ns ± 2%   -7.02%  (p=0.000 n=48+50)
PutUvarint64-8              75.1ns ± 1%    61.5ns ± 2%  -18.12%  (p=0.000 n=45+47)
[Geo mean]                  57.3ns         54.3ns        -5.33%

Despite the rarity of type switches, this generates noticeably smaller binaries.

file      before    after     Δ       %
addr2line 4413296   4409200   -4096   -0.093%
api       5982648   5962168   -20480  -0.342%
cgo       4854168   4833688   -20480  -0.422%
compile   19694784  19682560  -12224  -0.062%
cover     5278008   5265720   -12288  -0.233%
doc       4694824   4682536   -12288  -0.262%
fix       3411336   3394952   -16384  -0.480%
link      6721496   6717400   -4096   -0.061%
nm        4371152   4358864   -12288  -0.281%
objdump   4760960   4752768   -8192   -0.172%
pprof     14810820  14790340  -20480  -0.138%
trace     11681076  11668788  -12288  -0.105%
vet       8285464   8244504   -40960  -0.494%
total     115824120 115627576 -196544 -0.170%

Compiler performance is marginally improved (note that go/types has many type switches):

name        old alloc/op      new alloc/op      delta
Template         35.0MB ± 0%       35.0MB ± 0%  +0.09%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Unicode          28.5MB ± 0%       28.5MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.548 n=5+5)
GoTypes           114MB ± 0%        114MB ± 0%  -0.76%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Compiler          541MB ± 0%        541MB ± 0%  -0.03%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
SSA              1.17GB ± 0%       1.17GB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.841 n=5+5)
Flate            21.9MB ± 0%       21.9MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.421 n=5+5)
GoParser         26.9MB ± 0%       26.9MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.222 n=5+5)
Reflect          74.6MB ± 0%       74.6MB ± 0%    ~     (p=1.000 n=5+5)
Tar              32.9MB ± 0%       32.8MB ± 0%    ~     (p=0.056 n=5+5)
XML              42.4MB ± 0%       42.1MB ± 0%  -0.77%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
[Geo mean]       73.2MB            73.1MB       -0.15%

name        old allocs/op     new allocs/op     delta
Template           377k ± 0%         377k ± 0%  +0.06%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Unicode            354k ± 0%         354k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.095 n=5+5)
GoTypes           1.31M ± 0%        1.30M ± 0%  -0.73%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Compiler          5.44M ± 0%        5.44M ± 0%  -0.04%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
SSA               11.7M ± 0%        11.7M ± 0%    ~     (p=1.000 n=5+5)
Flate              239k ± 0%         239k ± 0%    ~     (p=1.000 n=5+5)
GoParser           302k ± 0%         302k ± 0%  -0.04%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
Reflect            977k ± 0%         977k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.690 n=5+5)
Tar                346k ± 0%         346k ± 0%    ~     (p=0.889 n=5+5)
XML                431k ± 0%         430k ± 0%  -0.25%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)
[Geo mean]         806k              806k       -0.10%

For packages with many type switches, this considerably shrinks function text size.
Some examples:

file                                                           before   after    Δ       %
encoding/binary.s                                              30726    29504    -1222   -3.977%
go/printer.s                                                   77597    76005    -1592   -2.052%
cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil.s                 65704    63318    -2386   -3.631%
cmd/vendor/golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/unreachable.s 8047     7714     -333    -4.138%

Text size regressions are rare.

Change-Id: Ic10982bbb04876250eaa5bfee97990141ae5fc28
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/228106
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>

1 files changed, 4 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/test/writebarrier.go b/test/writebarrier.go
index 8cd559c190..dbf0b6dde2 100644
--- a/test/writebarrier.go
+++ b/test/writebarrier.go
@@ -148,12 +148,12 @@ func f16(x []T8, y T8) []T8 {
 func t1(i interface{}) **int {
 	// From issue 14306, make sure we have write barriers in a type switch
 	// where the assigned variable escapes.
-	switch x := i.(type) { // ERROR "write barrier"
-	case *int:
+	switch x := i.(type) {
+	case *int: // ERROR "write barrier"
 		return &x
 	}
-	switch y := i.(type) { // no write barrier here
-	case **int:
+	switch y := i.(type) {
+	case **int: // no write barrier here
 		return y
 	}
 	return nil