Revert "sort: improve average quicksort performance"

Broke the build: http://build.golang.org/log/8159de7e0d6f3832da394c310975ddd4c4c74627
(cmd/gofmt TestRewrite)

This reverts commit 6f6b2f04b5c342edf70944e60c9c9a30eef5a9eb.

Change-Id: Ifd46b0b76c30b0a568521eaaf5ef8968a9549bf5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/17383
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>

2 files changed, 43 insertions, 73 deletions

diff --git a/src/sort/example_multi_test.go b/src/sort/example_multi_test.go
index 40d12152ce..ac316540fd 100644
--- a/src/sort/example_multi_test.go
+++ b/src/sort/example_multi_test.go
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ func Example_sortMultiKeys() {
 	fmt.Println("By language,<lines,user:", changes)
 
 	// Output:
-	// By user: [{dmr C 100} {glenda Go 200} {gri Go 100} {gri Smalltalk 80} {ken C 150} {ken Go 200} {r Go 100} {r C 150} {rsc Go 200}]
+	// By user: [{dmr C 100} {glenda Go 200} {gri Smalltalk 80} {gri Go 100} {ken Go 200} {ken C 150} {r Go 100} {r C 150} {rsc Go 200}]
 	// By user,<lines: [{dmr C 100} {glenda Go 200} {gri Smalltalk 80} {gri Go 100} {ken C 150} {ken Go 200} {r Go 100} {r C 150} {rsc Go 200}]
 	// By user,>lines: [{dmr C 100} {glenda Go 200} {gri Go 100} {gri Smalltalk 80} {ken Go 200} {ken C 150} {r C 150} {r Go 100} {rsc Go 200}]
-	// By language,<lines: [{dmr C 100} {ken C 150} {r C 150} {r Go 100} {gri Go 100} {ken Go 200} {glenda Go 200} {rsc Go 200} {gri Smalltalk 80}]
+	// By language,<lines: [{dmr C 100} {ken C 150} {r C 150} {gri Go 100} {r Go 100} {ken Go 200} {glenda Go 200} {rsc Go 200} {gri Smalltalk 80}]
 	// By language,<lines,user: [{dmr C 100} {ken C 150} {r C 150} {gri Go 100} {r Go 100} {glenda Go 200} {ken Go 200} {rsc Go 200} {gri Smalltalk 80}]
 
 }
diff --git a/src/sort/sort.go b/src/sort/sort.go
index ac8f4a661f..c7c30426ae 100644
--- a/src/sort/sort.go
+++ b/src/sort/sort.go
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func heapSort(data Interface, a, b int) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Quicksort, loosely following Bentley and McIlroy,
+// Quicksort, following Bentley and McIlroy,
 // ``Engineering a Sort Function,'' SP&E November 1993.
 
 // medianOfThree moves the median of the three values data[m0], data[m1], data[m2] into data[m1].
@@ -111,82 +111,59 @@ func doPivot(data Interface, lo, hi int) (midlo, midhi int) {
 
 	// Invariants are:
 	//	data[lo] = pivot (set up by ChoosePivot)
-	//	data[lo < i < a] < pivot
-	//	data[a <= i < b] <= pivot
-	//	data[b <= i < c] unexamined
-	//	data[c <= i < hi-1] > pivot
-	//	data[hi-1] >= pivot
+	//	data[lo <= i < a] = pivot
+	//	data[a <= i < b] < pivot
+	//	data[b <= i < c] is unexamined
+	//	data[c <= i < d] > pivot
+	//	data[d <= i < hi] = pivot
+	//
+	// Once b meets c, can swap the "= pivot" sections
+	// into the middle of the slice.
 	pivot := lo
-	a, c := lo+1, hi-1
-
-	for ; a != c && data.Less(a, pivot); a++ {
-	}
-	b := a
+	a, b, c, d := lo+1, lo+1, hi, hi
 	for {
-		for ; b != c && !data.Less(pivot, b); b++ { // data[b] <= pivot
+		for b < c {
+			if data.Less(b, pivot) { // data[b] < pivot
+				b++
+			} else if !data.Less(pivot, b) { // data[b] = pivot
+				data.Swap(a, b)
+				a++
+				b++
+			} else {
+				break
+			}
 		}
-		for ; b != c && data.Less(pivot, c-1); c-- { // data[c-1] > pivot
+		for b < c {
+			if data.Less(pivot, c-1) { // data[c-1] > pivot
+				c--
+			} else if !data.Less(c-1, pivot) { // data[c-1] = pivot
+				data.Swap(c-1, d-1)
+				c--
+				d--
+			} else {
+				break
+			}
 		}
-		if b == c {
+		if b >= c {
 			break
 		}
-		// data[b] > pivot; data[c-1] <= pivot
+		// data[b] > pivot; data[c-1] < pivot
 		data.Swap(b, c-1)
 		b++
 		c--
 	}
-	// If hi-c<3 then there are duplicates (by property of median of nine).
-	// Let be a bit more conservative, and set border to 5.
-	protect := hi-c < 5
-	if !protect && hi-c < (hi-lo)/4 {
-		// Lets test some points for equality to pivot
-		dups := 0
-		if !data.Less(pivot, hi-1) { // data[hi-1] = pivot
-			data.Swap(c, hi-1)
-			c++
-			dups++
-		}
-		if !data.Less(b-1, pivot) { // data[b-1] = pivot
-			b--
-			dups++
-		}
-		// m-lo = (hi-lo)/2 > 6
-		// b-lo > (hi-lo)*3/4-1 > 8
-		// ==> m < b ==> data[m] <= pivot
-		if !data.Less(m, pivot) { // data[m] = pivot
-			data.Swap(m, b-1)
-			b--
-			dups++
-		}
-		// if at least 2 points are equal to pivot, assume skewed distribution
-		protect = dups > 1
-	}
-	if protect {
-		// Protect against a lot of duplicates
-		// Add invariant:
-		//	data[a <= i < b] unexamined
-		//	data[b <= i < c] = pivot
-		for {
-			for ; a != b && !data.Less(b-1, pivot); b-- { // data[b] == pivot
-			}
-			for ; a != b && data.Less(a, pivot); a++ { // data[a] < pivot
-			}
-			if a == b {
-				break
-			}
-			// data[a] == pivot; data[b-1] < pivot
-			data.Swap(a, b-1)
-			a++
-			b--
-		}
-	}
-	// Swap pivot into middle
-	data.Swap(pivot, b-1)
-	return b - 1, c
+
+	n := min(b-a, a-lo)
+	swapRange(data, lo, b-n, n)
+
+	n = min(hi-d, d-c)
+	swapRange(data, c, hi-n, n)
+
+	return lo + b - a, hi - (d - c)
 }
 
 func quickSort(data Interface, a, b, maxDepth int) {
-	for b-a > 12 { // Use ShellSort for slices <= 12 elements
+	for b-a > 7 {
 		if maxDepth == 0 {
 			heapSort(data, a, b)
 			return
@@ -204,13 +181,6 @@ func quickSort(data Interface, a, b, maxDepth int) {
 		}
 	}
 	if b-a > 1 {
-		// Do ShellSort pass with gap 6
-		// It could be written in this simplified form cause b-a <= 12
-		for i := a + 6; i < b; i++ {
-			if data.Less(i, i-6) {
-				data.Swap(i, i-6)
-			}
-		}
 		insertionSort(data, a, b)
 	}
 }