213 files changed, 64804 insertions, 18956 deletions

diff --git a/src/Makefile.am b/src/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index fa2dd560a6..0000000000
--- a/src/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-
-# leave in dependency order, since common must be built first
-SUBDIRS =      common or test tools win32 config
-DIST_SUBDIRS = common or test tools win32 config
-
diff --git a/src/common/Makefile.am b/src/common/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e7684259a..0000000000
--- a/src/common/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-
-noinst_LIBRARIES = libor.a libor-crypto.a libor-event.a
-
-EXTRA_DIST = common_sha1.i sha256.c Makefile.nmake
-
-#CFLAGS  = -Wall -Wpointer-arith -O2
-
-if USE_OPENBSD_MALLOC
-libor_extra_source=OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c
-else
-libor_extra_source=
-endif
-
-libor_a_SOURCES = \
-  address.c					\
-  compat.c					\
-  container.c					\
-  di_ops.c					\
-  log.c						\
-  memarea.c					\
-  mempool.c					\
-  procmon.c					\
-  util.c					\
-  util_codedigest.c				\
-  $(libor_extra_source)
-
-libor_crypto_a_SOURCES = \
-  aes.c		\
-  crypto.c	\
-  torgzip.c	\
-  tortls.c
-
-libor_event_a_SOURCES = compat_libevent.c
-
-noinst_HEADERS = 				\
-  address.h					\
-  aes.h						\
-  ciphers.inc					\
-  compat.h					\
-  compat_libevent.h				\
-  container.h					\
-  crypto.h					\
-  di_ops.h					\
-  ht.h						\
-  memarea.h					\
-  mempool.h					\
-  procmon.h					\
-  strlcat.c					\
-  strlcpy.c					\
-  torgzip.h					\
-  torint.h					\
-  torlog.h					\
-  tortls.h					\
-  util.h
-
-common_sha1.i: $(libor_SOURCES) $(libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(noinst_HEADERS)
-	if test "@SHA1SUM@" != none; then \
-	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@SHA1SUM@" $(libor_SOURCES) $(libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(noinst_HEADERS)) | "@SED@" -n 's/^\(.*\)$$/"\1\\n"/p' > common_sha1.i; \
-	elif test "@OPENSSL@" != none; then \
-	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@OPENSSL@" sha1 $(libor_SOURCES) $(libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(noinst_HEADERS)) | "@SED@" -n 's/SHA1(\(.*\))= \(.*\)/"\2  \1\\n"/p' > common_sha1.i; \
-	else \
-	  rm common_sha1.i; \
-	  touch common_sha1.i; \
-	fi
-
-util_codedigest.o: common_sha1.i
-crypto.o: sha256.c
diff --git a/src/common/Makefile.nmake b/src/common/Makefile.nmake
index e548273670..0ebeaaaf71 100644
--- a/src/common/Makefile.nmake
+++ b/src/common/Makefile.nmake
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 all: libor.lib libor-crypto.lib libor-event.lib
 
-CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include
+CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include /I ..\ext
 
 LIBOR_OBJECTS = address.obj compat.obj container.obj di_ops.obj \
 	log.obj memarea.obj mempool.obj procmon.obj util.obj \
 	util_codedigest.obj
 
-LIBOR_CRYPTO_OBJECTS = aes.obj crypto.obj torgzip.obj tortls.obj
+LIBOR_CRYPTO_OBJECTS = aes.obj crypto.obj torgzip.obj tortls.obj \
+	crypto_curve25519.obj curve25519-donna.obj
 
 LIBOR_EVENT_OBJECTS = compat_libevent.obj
 
+curve25519-donna.obj: ..\ext\curve25519_donna\curve25519-donna.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) /D inline=_inline /c ..\ext\curve25519_donna\curve25519-donna.c
+
 libor.lib: $(LIBOR_OBJECTS)
 	lib $(LIBOR_OBJECTS) /out:libor.lib
 
@@ -18,3 +22,6 @@ libor-crypto.lib: $(LIBOR_CRYPTO_OBJECTS)
 
 libor-event.lib:  $(LIBOR_EVENT_OBJECTS)
 	lib $(LIBOR_EVENT_OBJECTS) /out:libor-event.lib
+
+clean:
+	del *.obj *.lib libor*.lib
diff --git a/src/common/address.c b/src/common/address.c
index df26f61f8f..14a7b6bc96 100644
--- a/src/common/address.c
+++ b/src/common/address.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -181,6 +181,16 @@ tor_addr_make_unspec(tor_addr_t *a)
   a->family = AF_UNSPEC;
 }
 
+/** Set address <a>a</b> to the null address in address family <b>family</b>.
+ * The null address for AF_INET is 0.0.0.0.  The null address for AF_INET6 is
+ * [::].  AF_UNSPEC is all null. */
+void
+tor_addr_make_null(tor_addr_t *a, sa_family_t family)
+{
+  memset(a, 0, sizeof(*a));
+  a->family = family;
+}
+
 /** Similar behavior to Unix gethostbyname: resolve <b>name</b>, and set
  * *<b>addr</b> to the proper IP address and family. The <b>family</b>
  * argument (which must be AF_INET, AF_INET6, or AF_UNSPEC) declares a
@@ -305,7 +315,8 @@ tor_addr_lookup(const char *name, uint16_t family, tor_addr_t *addr)
  * also treated as internal for now.)
  */
 int
-tor_addr_is_internal(const tor_addr_t *addr, int for_listening)
+tor_addr_is_internal_(const tor_addr_t *addr, int for_listening,
+                      const char *filename, int lineno)
 {
   uint32_t iph4 = 0;
   uint32_t iph6[4];
@@ -355,8 +366,8 @@ tor_addr_is_internal(const tor_addr_t *addr, int for_listening)
 
   /* unknown address family... assume it's not safe for external use */
   /* rather than tor_assert(0) */
-  log_warn(LD_BUG, "tor_addr_is_internal() called with a non-IP address of "
-           "type %d", (int)v_family);
+  log_warn(LD_BUG, "tor_addr_is_internal() called from %s:%d with a "
+           "non-IP address of type %d", filename, lineno, (int)v_family);
   tor_fragile_assert();
   return 1;
 }
@@ -558,9 +569,22 @@ tor_addr_to_PTR_name(char *out, size_t outlen,
  *
  *  Return an address family on success, or -1 if an invalid address string is
  *  provided.
+ *
+ *  If 'flags & TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR' is false, then the wildcard address '*'
+ *  yield an IPv4 wildcard.
+ *
+ *  If 'flags & TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR' is true, then the wildcard address '*'
+ *  yields an AF_UNSPEC wildcard address, and the following change is made
+ *  in the grammar above:
+ *   Address ::= IPv4Address / "[" IPv6Address "]" / "*" / "*4" / "*6"
+ *  with the new "*4" and "*6" productions creating a wildcard to match
+ *  IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.
+ *
  */
 int
-tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(const char *s, tor_addr_t *addr_out,
+tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(const char *s,
+                          unsigned flags,
+                          tor_addr_t *addr_out,
                           maskbits_t *maskbits_out,
                           uint16_t *port_min_out, uint16_t *port_max_out)
 {
@@ -617,9 +641,23 @@ tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(const char *s, tor_addr_t *addr_out,
   memset(addr_out, 0, sizeof(tor_addr_t));
 
   if (!strcmp(address, "*")) {
-    family = AF_INET; /* AF_UNSPEC ???? XXXX_IP6 */
+    if (flags & TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR) {
+      family = AF_UNSPEC;
+      tor_addr_make_unspec(addr_out);
+    } else {
+      family = AF_INET;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(addr_out, 0);
+    }
+    any_flag = 1;
+  } else if (!strcmp(address, "*4") && (flags & TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR)) {
+    family = AF_INET;
     tor_addr_from_ipv4h(addr_out, 0);
     any_flag = 1;
+  } else if (!strcmp(address, "*6") && (flags & TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR)) {
+    static char nil_bytes[16] = { 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0 };
+    family = AF_INET6;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(addr_out, nil_bytes);
+    any_flag = 1;
   } else if (tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, address, &in6_tmp) > 0) {
     family = AF_INET6;
     tor_addr_from_in6(addr_out, &in6_tmp);
@@ -1007,6 +1045,19 @@ fmt_addr_impl(const tor_addr_t *addr, int decorate)
     return "???";
 }
 
+/** Return a string representing the pair <b>addr</b> and <b>port</b>.
+ * This calls fmt_and_decorate_addr internally, so IPv6 addresses will
+ * have brackets, and the caveats of fmt_addr_impl apply.
+ */
+const char *
+fmt_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
+{
+  /* Add space for a colon and up to 5 digits. */
+  static char buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN + 6];
+  tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s:%u", fmt_and_decorate_addr(addr), port);
+  return buf;
+}
+
 /** Like fmt_addr(), but takes <b>addr</b> as a host-order IPv4
  * addresses. Also not thread-safe, also clobbers its return buffer on
  * repeated calls. */
@@ -1136,6 +1187,8 @@ get_interface_addresses_raw(int severity)
   result = smartlist_new();
   for (i = ifa; i; i = i->ifa_next) {
     tor_addr_t tmp;
+    if ((i->ifa_flags & (IFF_UP | IFF_RUNNING)) != (IFF_UP | IFF_RUNNING))
+      continue;
     if (!i->ifa_addr)
       continue;
     if (i->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_INET &&
@@ -1220,14 +1273,14 @@ get_interface_addresses_raw(int severity)
   /* This interface, AFAICT, only supports AF_INET addresses */
   fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
   if (fd < 0) {
-    log(severity, LD_NET, "socket failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+    tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "socket failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     goto done;
   }
   /* Guess how much space we need. */
   ifc.ifc_len = sz = 15*1024;
   ifc.ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req = tor_malloc(sz);
   if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) < 0) {
-    log(severity, LD_NET, "ioctl failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+    tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "ioctl failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     close(fd);
     goto done;
   }
@@ -1380,7 +1433,46 @@ is_internal_IP(uint32_t ip, int for_listening)
   return tor_addr_is_internal(&myaddr, for_listening);
 }
 
-/** Given an address of the form "host:port", try to divide it into its host
+/** Given an address of the form "ip:port", try to divide it into its
+ * ip and port portions, setting *<b>address_out</b> to a newly
+ * allocated string holding the address portion and *<b>port_out</b>
+ * to the port.
+ *
+ * Don't do DNS lookups and don't allow domain names in the <ip> field.
+ * Don't accept <b>addrport</b> of the form "<ip>" or "<ip>:0".
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+tor_addr_port_parse(int severity, const char *addrport,
+                    tor_addr_t *address_out, uint16_t *port_out)
+{
+  int retval = -1;
+  int r;
+  char *addr_tmp = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(addrport);
+  tor_assert(address_out);
+  tor_assert(port_out);
+
+  r = tor_addr_port_split(severity, addrport, &addr_tmp, port_out);
+  if (r < 0)
+    goto done;
+
+  if (!*port_out)
+    goto done;
+
+  /* make sure that address_out is an IP address */
+  if (tor_addr_parse(address_out, addr_tmp) < 0)
+    goto done;
+
+  retval = 0;
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(addr_tmp);
+  return retval;
+}
+
+/** Given an address of the form "host[:port]", try to divide it into its host
  * ane port portions, setting *<b>address_out</b> to a newly allocated string
  * holding the address portion and *<b>port_out</b> to the port (or 0 if no
  * port is given).  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
@@ -1409,17 +1501,17 @@ addr_port_lookup(int severity, const char *addrport, char **address,
                 uint32_t *addr, uint16_t *port_out)
 {
   const char *colon;
-  char *_address = NULL;
-  int _port;
+  char *address_ = NULL;
+  int port_;
   int ok = 1;
 
   tor_assert(addrport);
 
   colon = strrchr(addrport, ':');
   if (colon) {
-    _address = tor_strndup(addrport, colon-addrport);
-    _port = (int) tor_parse_long(colon+1,10,1,65535,NULL,NULL);
-    if (!_port) {
+    address_ = tor_strndup(addrport, colon-addrport);
+    port_ = (int) tor_parse_long(colon+1,10,1,65535,NULL,NULL);
+    if (!port_) {
       log_fn(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Port %s out of range", escaped(colon+1));
       ok = 0;
     }
@@ -1432,28 +1524,28 @@ addr_port_lookup(int severity, const char *addrport, char **address,
       ok = 0;
     }
   } else {
-    _address = tor_strdup(addrport);
-    _port = 0;
+    address_ = tor_strdup(addrport);
+    port_ = 0;
   }
 
   if (addr) {
     /* There's an addr pointer, so we need to resolve the hostname. */
-    if (tor_lookup_hostname(_address,addr)) {
-      log_fn(severity, LD_NET, "Couldn't look up %s", escaped(_address));
+    if (tor_lookup_hostname(address_,addr)) {
+      log_fn(severity, LD_NET, "Couldn't look up %s", escaped(address_));
       ok = 0;
       *addr = 0;
     }
   }
 
   if (address && ok) {
-    *address = _address;
+    *address = address_;
   } else {
     if (address)
       *address = NULL;
-    tor_free(_address);
+    tor_free(address_);
   }
   if (port_out)
-    *port_out = ok ? ((uint16_t) _port) : 0;
+    *port_out = ok ? ((uint16_t) port_) : 0;
 
   return ok ? 0 : -1;
 }
@@ -1476,32 +1568,6 @@ addr_mask_get_bits(uint32_t mask)
   return -1;
 }
 
-/** Compare two addresses <b>a1</b> and <b>a2</b> for equality under a
- * netmask of <b>mbits</b> bits.  Return -1, 0, or 1.
- *
- * XXXX_IP6 Temporary function to allow masks as bitcounts everywhere.  This
- * will be replaced with an IPv6-aware version as soon as 32-bit addresses are
- * no longer passed around.
- */
-int
-addr_mask_cmp_bits(uint32_t a1, uint32_t a2, maskbits_t bits)
-{
-  if (bits > 32)
-    bits = 32;
-  else if (bits == 0)
-    return 0;
-
-  a1 >>= (32-bits);
-  a2 >>= (32-bits);
-
-  if (a1 < a2)
-    return -1;
-  else if (a1 > a2)
-    return 1;
-  else
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /** Parse a string <b>s</b> in the format of (*|port(-maxport)?)?, setting the
  * various *out pointers as appropriate.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  */
@@ -1554,93 +1620,6 @@ parse_port_range(const char *port, uint16_t *port_min_out,
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Parse a string <b>s</b> in the format of
- * (IP(/mask|/mask-bits)?|*)(:(*|port(-maxport))?)?, setting the various
- * *out pointers as appropriate.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
- */
-int
-parse_addr_and_port_range(const char *s, uint32_t *addr_out,
-                          maskbits_t *maskbits_out, uint16_t *port_min_out,
-                          uint16_t *port_max_out)
-{
-  char *address;
-  char *mask, *port, *endptr;
-  struct in_addr in;
-  int bits;
-
-  tor_assert(s);
-  tor_assert(addr_out);
-  tor_assert(maskbits_out);
-  tor_assert(port_min_out);
-  tor_assert(port_max_out);
-
-  address = tor_strdup(s);
-  /* Break 'address' into separate strings.
-   */
-  mask = strchr(address,'/');
-  port = strchr(mask?mask:address,':');
-  if (mask)
-    *mask++ = '\0';
-  if (port)
-    *port++ = '\0';
-  /* Now "address" is the IP|'*' part...
-   *     "mask" is the Mask|Maskbits part...
-   * and "port" is the *|port|min-max part.
-   */
-
-  if (strcmp(address,"*")==0) {
-    *addr_out = 0;
-  } else if (tor_inet_aton(address, &in) != 0) {
-    *addr_out = ntohl(in.s_addr);
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Malformed IP %s in address pattern; rejecting.",
-             escaped(address));
-    goto err;
-  }
-
-  if (!mask) {
-    if (strcmp(address,"*")==0)
-      *maskbits_out = 0;
-    else
-      *maskbits_out = 32;
-  } else {
-    endptr = NULL;
-    bits = (int) strtol(mask, &endptr, 10);
-    if (!*endptr) {
-      /* strtol handled the whole mask. */
-      if (bits < 0 || bits > 32) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
-                 "Bad number of mask bits on address range; rejecting.");
-        goto err;
-      }
-      *maskbits_out = bits;
-    } else if (tor_inet_aton(mask, &in) != 0) {
-      bits = addr_mask_get_bits(ntohl(in.s_addr));
-      if (bits < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
-                 "Mask %s on address range isn't a prefix; dropping",
-                 escaped(mask));
-        goto err;
-      }
-      *maskbits_out = bits;
-    } else {
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
-               "Malformed mask %s on address range; rejecting.",
-               escaped(mask));
-      goto err;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (parse_port_range(port, port_min_out, port_max_out)<0)
-    goto err;
-
-  tor_free(address);
-  return 0;
- err:
-  tor_free(address);
-  return -1;
-}
-
 /** Given an IPv4 in_addr struct *<b>in</b> (in network order, as usual),
  *  write it as a string into the <b>buf_len</b>-byte buffer in
  *  <b>buf</b>.
@@ -1698,3 +1677,15 @@ tor_addr_hostname_is_local(const char *name)
     !strcasecmpend(name, ".local");
 }
 
+/** Return a newly allocated tor_addr_port_t with <b>addr</b> and
+    <b>port</b> filled in. */
+tor_addr_port_t *
+tor_addr_port_new(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
+{
+  tor_addr_port_t *ap = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(tor_addr_port_t));
+  if (addr)
+    tor_addr_copy(&ap->addr, addr);
+  ap->port = port;
+  return ap;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/common/address.h b/src/common/address.h
index c6c126862a..77e5855346 100644
--- a/src/common/address.h
+++ b/src/common/address.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  * \brief Headers for address.h
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_ADDRESS_H
-#define _TOR_ADDRESS_H
+#ifndef TOR_ADDRESS_H
+#define TOR_ADDRESS_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "torint.h"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ typedef struct tor_addr_port_t
   uint16_t port;
 } tor_addr_port_t;
 
-#define TOR_ADDR_NULL {AF_UNSPEC, {0}};
+#define TOR_ADDR_NULL {AF_UNSPEC, {0}}
 
 static INLINE const struct in6_addr *tor_addr_to_in6(const tor_addr_t *a);
 static INLINE uint32_t tor_addr_to_ipv4n(const tor_addr_t *a);
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ socklen_t tor_addr_to_sockaddr(const tor_addr_t *a, uint16_t port,
 int tor_addr_from_sockaddr(tor_addr_t *a, const struct sockaddr *sa,
                            uint16_t *port_out);
 void tor_addr_make_unspec(tor_addr_t *a);
+void tor_addr_make_null(tor_addr_t *a, sa_family_t family);
 char *tor_sockaddr_to_str(const struct sockaddr *sa);
 
 /** Return an in6_addr* equivalent to <b>a</b>, or NULL if <b>a</b> is not
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ char *tor_dup_addr(const tor_addr_t *addr) ATTR_MALLOC;
  *  addresses. */
 #define fmt_and_decorate_addr(a) fmt_addr_impl((a), 1)
 const char *fmt_addr_impl(const tor_addr_t *addr, int decorate);
+const char *fmt_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
 const char * fmt_addr32(uint32_t addr);
 int get_interface_address6(int severity, sa_family_t family, tor_addr_t *addr);
 
@@ -167,7 +169,10 @@ int tor_addr_compare_masked(const tor_addr_t *addr1, const tor_addr_t *addr2,
 
 unsigned int tor_addr_hash(const tor_addr_t *addr);
 int tor_addr_is_v4(const tor_addr_t *addr);
-int tor_addr_is_internal(const tor_addr_t *ip, int for_listening);
+int tor_addr_is_internal_(const tor_addr_t *ip, int for_listening,
+                          const char *filename, int lineno);
+#define tor_addr_is_internal(addr, for_listening) \
+  tor_addr_is_internal_((addr), (for_listening), SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__)
 
 /** Longest length that can be required for a reverse lookup name. */
 /* 32 nybbles, 32 dots, 8 characters of "ip6.arpa", 1 NUL: 73 characters. */
@@ -179,7 +184,8 @@ int tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(tor_addr_t *result, const char *address,
 
 int tor_addr_port_lookup(const char *s, tor_addr_t *addr_out,
                         uint16_t *port_out);
-int tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(const char *s,
+#define TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR 1
+int tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(const char *s, unsigned flags,
                               tor_addr_t *addr_out, maskbits_t *mask_out,
                               uint16_t *port_min_out, uint16_t *port_max_out);
 const char * tor_addr_to_str(char *dest, const tor_addr_t *addr, size_t len,
@@ -202,6 +208,9 @@ int tor_addr_is_loopback(const tor_addr_t *addr);
 int tor_addr_port_split(int severity, const char *addrport,
                         char **address_out, uint16_t *port_out);
 
+int tor_addr_port_parse(int severity, const char *addrport,
+                        tor_addr_t *address_out, uint16_t *port_out);
+
 int tor_addr_hostname_is_local(const char *name);
 
 /* IPv4 helpers */
@@ -210,16 +219,14 @@ int addr_port_lookup(int severity, const char *addrport, char **address,
                     uint32_t *addr, uint16_t *port_out);
 int parse_port_range(const char *port, uint16_t *port_min_out,
                      uint16_t *port_max_out);
-int parse_addr_and_port_range(const char *s, uint32_t *addr_out,
-                              maskbits_t *maskbits_out, uint16_t *port_min_out,
-                              uint16_t *port_max_out);
 int addr_mask_get_bits(uint32_t mask);
-int addr_mask_cmp_bits(uint32_t a1, uint32_t a2, maskbits_t bits);
 /** Length of a buffer to allocate to hold the results of tor_inet_ntoa.*/
 #define INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN 16
 int tor_inet_ntoa(const struct in_addr *in, char *buf, size_t buf_len);
 char *tor_dup_ip(uint32_t addr) ATTR_MALLOC;
 int get_interface_address(int severity, uint32_t *addr);
 
+tor_addr_port_t *tor_addr_port_new(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/common/aes.c b/src/common/aes.c
index 295a90749a..f454a7f7b2 100644
--- a/src/common/aes.c
+++ b/src/common/aes.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001, Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "aes.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "torlog.h"
+#include "di_ops.h"
 
 #ifdef ANDROID
 /* Android's OpenSSL seems to have removed all of its Engine support. */
@@ -134,8 +135,8 @@ int
 evaluate_evp_for_aes(int force_val)
 {
   (void) force_val;
-  log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "This version of OpenSSL has a known-good EVP "
-             "counter-mode implementation. Using it.");
+  log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "This version of OpenSSL has a known-good EVP "
+           "counter-mode implementation. Using it.");
   return 0;
 }
 int
@@ -212,11 +213,11 @@ evaluate_evp_for_aes(int force_val)
   e = ENGINE_get_cipher_engine(NID_aes_128_ecb);
 
   if (e) {
-    log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "AES engine \"%s\" found; using EVP_* functions.",
+    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "AES engine \"%s\" found; using EVP_* functions.",
                ENGINE_get_name(e));
     should_use_EVP = 1;
   } else {
-    log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "No AES engine found; using AES_* functions.");
+    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "No AES engine found; using AES_* functions.");
     should_use_EVP = 0;
   }
 #endif
@@ -257,18 +258,18 @@ evaluate_ctr_for_aes(void)
   for (i=0; i<16; ++i)
     AES_ctr128_encrypt(&zero[i], &output[i], 1, &key, ivec, ivec_tmp, &pos);
 
-  if (memcmp(output, encrypt_zero, 16)) {
+  if (fast_memneq(output, encrypt_zero, 16)) {
     /* Counter mode is buggy */
     log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "This OpenSSL has a buggy version of counter mode; "
                "not using it.");
   } else {
     /* Counter mode is okay */
-    log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "This OpenSSL has a good implementation of counter "
+    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "This OpenSSL has a good implementation of counter "
                "mode; using it.");
     should_use_openssl_CTR = 1;
   }
 #else
-  log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "This version of OpenSSL has a slow implementation of "
+  log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "This version of OpenSSL has a slow implementation of "
              "counter mode; not using it.");
 #endif
   return 0;
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ evaluate_ctr_for_aes(void)
  * value of the current counter.
  */
 static INLINE void
-_aes_fill_buf(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher)
+aes_fill_buf_(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher)
 {
   /* We don't currently use OpenSSL's counter mode implementation because:
    *  1) some versions have known bugs
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ aes_set_key(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, const char *key, int key_bits)
     EVP_EncryptInit(&cipher->key.evp, c, (const unsigned char*)key, NULL);
     cipher->using_evp = 1;
   } else {
-    AES_set_encrypt_key((const unsigned char *)key, key_bits, &cipher->key.aes);
+    AES_set_encrypt_key((const unsigned char *)key, key_bits,&cipher->key.aes);
     cipher->using_evp = 0;
   }
 
@@ -360,7 +361,7 @@ aes_set_key(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, const char *key, int key_bits)
     memset(cipher->buf, 0, sizeof(cipher->buf));
   else
 #endif
-    _aes_fill_buf(cipher);
+    aes_fill_buf_(cipher);
 }
 
 /** Release storage held by <b>cipher</b>
@@ -387,9 +388,10 @@ aes_cipher_free(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher)
 
 #ifdef CAN_USE_OPENSSL_CTR
 /* Helper function to use EVP with openssl's counter-mode wrapper. */
-static void evp_block128_fn(const uint8_t in[16],
-                            uint8_t out[16],
-                            const void *key)
+static void
+evp_block128_fn(const uint8_t in[16],
+                uint8_t out[16],
+                const void *key)
 {
   EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = (void*)key;
   int inl=16, outl=16;
@@ -429,8 +431,7 @@ aes_crypt(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, const char *input, size_t len,
                          &cipher->pos);
     }
     return;
-  }
-  else
+  } else
 #endif
   {
     int c = cipher->pos;
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ aes_crypt(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, const char *input, size_t len,
         UPDATE_CTR_BUF(cipher, 1);
       }
       UPDATE_CTR_BUF(cipher, 0);
-      _aes_fill_buf(cipher);
+      aes_fill_buf_(cipher);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -469,8 +470,7 @@ aes_crypt_inplace(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, char *data, size_t len)
   if (should_use_openssl_CTR) {
     aes_crypt(cipher, data, len, data);
     return;
-  }
-  else
+  } else
 #endif
   {
     int c = cipher->pos;
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ aes_crypt_inplace(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, char *data, size_t len)
         UPDATE_CTR_BUF(cipher, 1);
       }
       UPDATE_CTR_BUF(cipher, 0);
-      _aes_fill_buf(cipher);
+      aes_fill_buf_(cipher);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -515,7 +515,8 @@ aes_set_iv(aes_cnt_cipher_t *cipher, const char *iv)
 #ifdef CAN_USE_OPENSSL_CTR
   if (!should_use_openssl_CTR)
 #endif
-    _aes_fill_buf(cipher);
+    aes_fill_buf_(cipher);
 }
 
 #endif
+
diff --git a/src/common/aes.h b/src/common/aes.h
index bde567f87f..8ff28a7622 100644
--- a/src/common/aes.h
+++ b/src/common/aes.h
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /* Implements a minimal interface to counter-mode AES. */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_AES_H
-#define _TOR_AES_H
+#ifndef TOR_AES_H
+#define TOR_AES_H
 
 /**
  * \file aes.h
diff --git a/src/common/ciphers.inc b/src/common/ciphers.inc
index 137d78b117..ab4ac40724 100644
--- a/src/common/ciphers.inc
+++ b/src/common/ciphers.inc
@@ -4,86 +4,51 @@
  *
  * This file was automatically generated by get_mozilla_ciphers.py.
  */
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc00a, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc00a, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc014, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc014, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0088, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0x0088, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0087, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
+    CIPHER(0xc02b, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0087, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc02b, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0039, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
+    CIPHER(0xc02f, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0039, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc02f, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0038, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0xc00a, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0038, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc00a, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc00f, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0xc009, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xc00f, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc009, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc005, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0xc013, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xc005, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc013, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0084, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0xc014, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0084, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc014, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0035, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
+    CIPHER(0xc012, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0035, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0xc012, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #endif
 #ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
     CIPHER(0xc007, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
 #else
    XCIPHER(0xc007, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc009, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc009, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
 #ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
     CIPHER(0xc011, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
 #else
    XCIPHER(0xc011, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc013, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc013, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0045, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0x0045, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0044, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0x0044, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
 #ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA
     CIPHER(0x0033, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA)
 #else
@@ -94,89 +59,63 @@
 #else
    XCIPHER(0x0032, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc00c, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc00c, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc00e, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc00e, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc002, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc002, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc004, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0045, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xc004, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0045, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_SEED_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0096, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_SEED_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0039, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0096, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_SEED_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0039, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0041, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0038, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0041, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0038, TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5
-    CIPHER(0x0004, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0088, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0004, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5)
+   XCIPHER(0x0088, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0005, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA)
+#ifdef SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0016, SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0005, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0016, SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #endif
 #ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA
     CIPHER(0x002f, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA)
 #else
    XCIPHER(0x002f, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc008, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc008, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc012, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
-#else
-   XCIPHER(0xc012, TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
-#endif
-#ifdef SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0016, SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0041, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0016, SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0041, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef SSL3_TXT_EDH_DSS_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x0013, SSL3_TXT_EDH_DSS_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0035, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x0013, SSL3_TXT_EDH_DSS_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0035, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc00d, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0084, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xc00d, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0084, TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xc003, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x000a, SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xc003, TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x000a, SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
 #endif
-/* No openssl macro found for 0xfeff */
-#ifdef SSL_RSA_FIPS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
-    CIPHER(0xfeff, SSL_RSA_FIPS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA)
+#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA
+    CIPHER(0x0005, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0xfeff, SSL_RSA_FIPS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0005, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA)
 #endif
-#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
-    CIPHER(0x000a, SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+#ifdef SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5
+    CIPHER(0x0004, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5)
 #else
-   XCIPHER(0x000a, SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+   XCIPHER(0x0004, SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5)
 #endif
diff --git a/src/common/compat.c b/src/common/compat.c
index 59e3898deb..d88c5f92de 100644
--- a/src/common/compat.c
+++ b/src/common/compat.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 /* XXXX024 We should just  use AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS in our autoconf,
  * and get this (and other important stuff!) automatically. Once we do that,
  * make sure to also change the extern char **environ detection in
- * configure.in, because whether that is declared or not depends on whether
+ * configure.ac, because whether that is declared or not depends on whether
  * we have _GNU_SOURCE defined! Maybe that means that once we take this out,
  * we can also take out the configure check. */
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
@@ -137,8 +137,13 @@ tor_open_cloexec(const char *path, int flags, unsigned mode)
 
   fd = open(path, flags, mode);
 #ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-  if (fd >= 0)
-        fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
+      log_warn(LD_FS,"Couldn't set FD_CLOEXEC: %s", strerror(errno));
+      close(fd);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   return fd;
 }
@@ -150,8 +155,13 @@ tor_fopen_cloexec(const char *path, const char *mode)
 {
   FILE *result = fopen(path, mode);
 #ifdef FD_CLOEXEC
-  if (result != NULL)
-    fcntl(fileno(result), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  if (result != NULL) {
+    if (fcntl(fileno(result), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
+      log_warn(LD_FS,"Couldn't set FD_CLOEXEC: %s", strerror(errno));
+      fclose(result);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   return result;
 }
@@ -425,11 +435,10 @@ tor_vasprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, va_list args)
   else
     *strp = strp_tmp;
   return r;
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(HAVE__VSCPRINTF)
   /* On Windows, _vsnprintf won't tell us the length of the string if it
    * overflows, so we need to use _vcsprintf to tell how much to allocate */
   int len, r;
-  char *res;
   len = _vscprintf(fmt, args);
   if (len < 0) {
     *strp = NULL;
@@ -861,6 +870,9 @@ tor_lockfile_unlock(tor_lockfile_t *lockfile)
 /** @{ */
 /** Some old versions of Unix didn't define constants for these values,
  * and instead expect you to say 0, 1, or 2. */
+#ifndef SEEK_SET
+#define SEEK_SET 0
+#endif
 #ifndef SEEK_CUR
 #define SEEK_CUR 1
 #endif
@@ -891,6 +903,18 @@ tor_fd_seekend(int fd)
 #endif
 }
 
+/** Move <b>fd</b> to position <b>pos</b> in the file. Return -1 on error, 0
+ * on success. */
+int
+tor_fd_setpos(int fd, off_t pos)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return _lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET) < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+#else
+  return lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET) < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+#endif
+}
+
 #undef DEBUG_SOCKET_COUNTING
 #ifdef DEBUG_SOCKET_COUNTING
 /** A bitarray of all fds that should be passed to tor_socket_close(). Only
@@ -1025,7 +1049,15 @@ tor_open_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
     return s;
 
 #if defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
-  fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
+    log_warn(LD_FS,"Couldn't set FD_CLOEXEC: %s", strerror(errno));
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    closesocket(s);
+#else
+    close(s);
+#endif
+    return -1;
+  }
 #endif
 
   goto socket_ok; /* So that socket_ok will not be unused. */
@@ -1060,7 +1092,11 @@ tor_accept_socket(tor_socket_t sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *len)
     return s;
 
 #if defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
-  fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
+    log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't set FD_CLOEXEC: %s", strerror(errno));
+    close(s);
+    return TOR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+  }
 #endif
 
   goto socket_ok; /* So that socket_ok will not be unused. */
@@ -1084,17 +1120,31 @@ get_n_open_sockets(void)
   return n;
 }
 
-/** Turn <b>socket</b> into a nonblocking socket.
+/** Turn <b>socket</b> into a nonblocking socket. Return 0 on success, -1
+ * on failure.
  */
-void
+int
 set_socket_nonblocking(tor_socket_t socket)
 {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
   unsigned long nonblocking = 1;
   ioctlsocket(socket, FIONBIO, (unsigned long*) &nonblocking);
 #else
-  fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+  int flags;
+
+  flags = fcntl(socket, F_GETFL, 0);
+  if (flags == -1) {
+    log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't get file status flags: %s", strerror(errno));
+    return -1;
+  }
+  flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
+  if (fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, flags) == -1) {
+    log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't set file status flags: %s", strerror(errno));
+    return -1;
+  }
 #endif
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1137,10 +1187,22 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
     return -errno;
 
 #if defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
-  if (SOCKET_OK(fd[0]))
-    fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
-  if (SOCKET_OK(fd[1]))
-    fcntl(fd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  if (SOCKET_OK(fd[0])) {
+    r = fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+    if (r == -1) {
+      close(fd[0]);
+      close(fd[1]);
+      return -errno;
+    }
+  }
+  if (SOCKET_OK(fd[1])) {
+    r = fcntl(fd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+    if (r == -1) {
+      close(fd[0]);
+      close(fd[1]);
+      return -errno;
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   goto sockets_ok; /* So that sockets_ok will not be unused. */
 
@@ -1163,9 +1225,9 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
      * for now, and really, when localhost is down sometimes, we
      * have other problems too.
      */
-    tor_socket_t listener = -1;
-    tor_socket_t connector = -1;
-    tor_socket_t acceptor = -1;
+    tor_socket_t listener = TOR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+    tor_socket_t connector = TOR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+    tor_socket_t acceptor = TOR_INVALID_SOCKET;
     struct sockaddr_in listen_addr;
     struct sockaddr_in connect_addr;
     int size;
@@ -1219,7 +1281,6 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
       goto tidy_up_and_fail;
     if (size != sizeof(listen_addr))
       goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
-    tor_close_socket(listener);
     /* Now check we are talking to ourself by matching port and host on the
        two sockets.  */
     if (getsockname(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr, &size) == -1)
@@ -1230,6 +1291,7 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
         || listen_addr.sin_port != connect_addr.sin_port) {
       goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
     }
+    tor_close_socket(listener);
     fd[0] = connector;
     fd[1] = acceptor;
 
@@ -1244,11 +1306,11 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
   tidy_up_and_fail:
     if (saved_errno < 0)
       saved_errno = errno;
-    if (listener != -1)
+    if (SOCKET_OK(listener))
       tor_close_socket(listener);
-    if (connector != -1)
+    if (SOCKET_OK(connector))
       tor_close_socket(connector);
-    if (acceptor != -1)
+    if (SOCKET_OK(acceptor))
       tor_close_socket(acceptor);
     return -saved_errno;
 #endif
@@ -1256,7 +1318,7 @@ tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2])
 
 /** Number of extra file descriptors to keep in reserve beyond those that we
  * tell Tor it's allowed to use. */
-#define ULIMIT_BUFFER 32 /* keep 32 extra fd's beyond _ConnLimit */
+#define ULIMIT_BUFFER 32 /* keep 32 extra fd's beyond ConnLimit_ */
 
 /** Learn the maximum allowed number of file descriptors, and tell the system
  * we want to use up to that number. (Some systems have a low soft limit, and
@@ -2060,30 +2122,6 @@ tor_lookup_hostname(const char *name, uint32_t *addr)
   return -1;
 }
 
-/** Initialize the insecure libc RNG. */
-void
-tor_init_weak_random(unsigned seed)
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-  srand(seed);
-#else
-  srandom(seed);
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Return a randomly chosen value in the range 0..TOR_RAND_MAX.  This
- * entropy will not be cryptographically strong; do not rely on it
- * for anything an adversary should not be able to predict. */
-long
-tor_weak_random(void)
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-  return rand();
-#else
-  return random();
-#endif
-}
-
 /** Hold the result of our call to <b>uname</b>. */
 static char uname_result[256];
 /** True iff uname_result is set. */
@@ -2290,8 +2328,33 @@ compute_num_cpus_impl(void)
     return (int)info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
   else
     return -1;
-#elif defined(HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF)
-  long cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+#elif defined(HAVE_SYSCONF)
+#ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+  long cpus_conf = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+#else
+  long cpus_conf = -1;
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
+  long cpus_onln = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#else
+  long cpus_onln = -1;
+#endif
+  long cpus = -1;
+
+  if (cpus_conf > 0 && cpus_onln < 0) {
+    cpus = cpus_conf;
+  } else if (cpus_onln > 0 && cpus_conf < 0) {
+    cpus = cpus_onln;
+  } else if (cpus_onln > 0 && cpus_conf > 0) {
+    if (cpus_onln < cpus_conf) {
+      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "I think we have %ld CPUS, but only %ld of them "
+                 "are available. Telling Tor to only use %ld. You can over"
+                 "ride this with the NumCPUs option",
+                 cpus_conf, cpus_onln, cpus_onln);
+    }
+    cpus = cpus_onln;
+  }
+
   if (cpus >= 1 && cpus < INT_MAX)
     return (int)cpus;
   else
@@ -2759,7 +2822,7 @@ tor_cond_wait(tor_cond_t *cond, tor_mutex_t *mutex)
   EnterCriticalSection(&cond->mutex);
 
   tor_assert(WaitForSingleObject(event, 0) == WAIT_TIMEOUT);
-  tor_assert(!smartlist_isin(cond->events, event));
+  tor_assert(!smartlist_contains(cond->events, event));
   smartlist_add(cond->events, event);
 
   LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->mutex);
diff --git a/src/common/compat.h b/src/common/compat.h
index 42648bb04b..51fb8c5273 100644
--- a/src/common/compat.h
+++ b/src/common/compat.h
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_COMPAT_H
-#define _TOR_COMPAT_H
+#ifndef TOR_COMPAT_H
+#define TOR_COMPAT_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "torint.h"
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 
 #if defined (WINCE)
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <projects.h>
-#define snprintf _snprintf
 /* this is not exported as W .... */
 #define SHGetPathFromIDListW SHGetPathFromIDList
 /* wcecompat has vasprintf */
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@
 #error "It seems your platform does not represent NULL as zero. We can't cope."
 #endif
 
+#ifndef DOUBLE_0_REP_IS_ZERO_BYTES
+#error "It seems your platform does not represent 0.0 as zeros. We can't cope."
+#endif
+
 #if 'a'!=97 || 'z'!=122 || 'A'!=65 || ' '!=32
 #error "It seems that you encode characters in something other than ASCII."
 #endif
@@ -132,6 +136,16 @@ extern INLINE double U64_TO_DBL(uint64_t x) {
 #define DBL_TO_U64(x) ((uint64_t) (x))
 #endif
 
+#ifdef ENUM_VALS_ARE_SIGNED
+#define ENUM_BF(t) unsigned
+#else
+/** Wrapper for having a bitfield of an enumerated type. Where possible, we
+ * just use the enumerated type (so the compiler can help us and notice
+ * problems), but if enumerated types are unsigned, we must use unsigned,
+ * so that the loss of precision doesn't make large values negative. */
+#define ENUM_BF(t) t
+#endif
+
 /* GCC has several useful attributes. */
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3
 #define ATTR_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
@@ -148,6 +162,7 @@ extern INLINE double U64_TO_DBL(uint64_t x) {
  *
  * #define ATTR_NONNULL(x) __attribute__((nonnull x)) */
 #define ATTR_NONNULL(x)
+#define ATTR_UNUSED __attribute__ ((unused))
 
 /** Macro: Evaluates to <b>exp</b> and hints the compiler that the value
  * of <b>exp</b> will probably be true.
@@ -171,6 +186,7 @@ extern INLINE double U64_TO_DBL(uint64_t x) {
 #define ATTR_MALLOC
 #define ATTR_NORETURN
 #define ATTR_NONNULL(x)
+#define ATTR_UNUSED
 #define PREDICT_LIKELY(exp) (exp)
 #define PREDICT_UNLIKELY(exp) (exp)
 #endif
@@ -239,6 +255,19 @@ size_t strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t siz) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 #define I64_FORMAT "%lld"
 #endif
 
+#if (SIZEOF_INTPTR_T == SIZEOF_INT)
+#define INTPTR_T_FORMAT "%d"
+#define INTPTR_PRINTF_ARG(x) ((int)(x))
+#elif (SIZEOF_INTPTR_T == SIZEOF_LONG)
+#define INTPTR_T_FORMAT "%ld"
+#define INTPTR_PRINTF_ARG(x) ((long)(x))
+#elif (SIZEOF_INTPTR_T == 8)
+#define INTPTR_T_FORMAT I64_FORMAT
+#define INTPTR_PRINTF_ARG(x) I64_PRINTF_ARG(x)
+#else
+#error Unknown: SIZEOF_INTPTR_T
+#endif
+
 /** Represents an mmaped file. Allocated via tor_mmap_file; freed with
  * tor_munmap_file. */
 typedef struct tor_mmap_t {
@@ -308,10 +337,10 @@ char *tor_strtok_r_impl(char *str, const char *sep, char **lasts);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#define _SHORT_FILE_ (tor_fix_source_file(__FILE__))
+#define SHORT_FILE__ (tor_fix_source_file(__FILE__))
 const char *tor_fix_source_file(const char *fname);
 #else
-#define _SHORT_FILE_ (__FILE__)
+#define SHORT_FILE__ (__FILE__)
 #define tor_fix_source_file(s) (s)
 #endif
 
@@ -384,6 +413,7 @@ tor_lockfile_t *tor_lockfile_lock(const char *filename, int blocking,
 void tor_lockfile_unlock(tor_lockfile_t *lockfile);
 
 off_t tor_fd_getpos(int fd);
+int tor_fd_setpos(int fd, off_t pos);
 int tor_fd_seekend(int fd);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -403,11 +433,13 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
  * any inadvertant checks for the socket being <= 0 or > 0 will probably
  * still work. */
 #define tor_socket_t intptr_t
+#define TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT INTPTR_T_FORMAT
 #define SOCKET_OK(s) ((SOCKET)(s) != INVALID_SOCKET)
 #define TOR_INVALID_SOCKET INVALID_SOCKET
 #else
 /** Type used for a network socket. */
 #define tor_socket_t int
+#define TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT "%d"
 /** Macro: true iff 's' is a possible value for a valid initialized socket. */
 #define SOCKET_OK(s) ((s) >= 0)
 /** Error/uninitialized value for a tor_socket_t. */
@@ -489,7 +521,7 @@ int tor_inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *addr) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 const char *tor_inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t len);
 int tor_inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
 int tor_lookup_hostname(const char *name, uint32_t *addr) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
-void set_socket_nonblocking(tor_socket_t socket);
+int set_socket_nonblocking(tor_socket_t socket);
 int tor_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, tor_socket_t fd[2]);
 int network_init(void);
 
@@ -523,10 +555,15 @@ int tor_socket_errno(tor_socket_t sock);
 const char *tor_socket_strerror(int e);
 #else
 #define SOCK_ERRNO(e) e
+#if EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK
 #define ERRNO_IS_EAGAIN(e)           ((e) == EAGAIN)
+#else
+#define ERRNO_IS_EAGAIN(e)           ((e) == EAGAIN || (e) == EWOULDBLOCK)
+#endif
 #define ERRNO_IS_EINPROGRESS(e)      ((e) == EINPROGRESS)
 #define ERRNO_IS_CONN_EINPROGRESS(e) ((e) == EINPROGRESS)
-#define ERRNO_IS_ACCEPT_EAGAIN(e)    ((e) == EAGAIN || (e) == ECONNABORTED)
+#define ERRNO_IS_ACCEPT_EAGAIN(e) \
+  (ERRNO_IS_EAGAIN(e) || (e) == ECONNABORTED)
 #define ERRNO_IS_ACCEPT_RESOURCE_LIMIT(e) \
   ((e) == EMFILE || (e) == ENFILE || (e) == ENOBUFS || (e) == ENOMEM)
 #define ERRNO_IS_EADDRINUSE(e)       ((e) == EADDRINUSE)
@@ -547,11 +584,6 @@ typedef enum {
   SOCKS5_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0x08,
 } socks5_reply_status_t;
 
-/* ===== Insecure rng */
-void tor_init_weak_random(unsigned seed);
-long tor_weak_random(void);
-#define TOR_RAND_MAX (RAND_MAX)
-
 /* ===== OS compatibility */
 const char *get_uname(void);
 
diff --git a/src/common/compat_libevent.c b/src/common/compat_libevent.c
index 6655ca87d3..200a7c65fb 100644
--- a/src/common/compat_libevent.c
+++ b/src/common/compat_libevent.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2009-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2009-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -54,7 +54,9 @@ typedef uint32_t le_version_t;
  * it is. */
 #define LE_OTHER V(0,0,99)
 
+#if 0
 static le_version_t tor_get_libevent_version(const char **v_out);
+#endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_EVENT_SET_LOG_CALLBACK) || defined(RUNNING_DOXYGEN)
 /** A string which, if it appears in a libevent log, should be ignored. */
@@ -74,19 +76,19 @@ libevent_logging_callback(int severity, const char *msg)
   }
   switch (severity) {
     case _EVENT_LOG_DEBUG:
-      log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_NOCB|LD_NET, "Message from libevent: %s", buf);
+      log_debug(LD_NOCB|LD_NET, "Message from libevent: %s", buf);
       break;
     case _EVENT_LOG_MSG:
-      log(LOG_INFO, LD_NOCB|LD_NET, "Message from libevent: %s", buf);
+      log_info(LD_NOCB|LD_NET, "Message from libevent: %s", buf);
       break;
     case _EVENT_LOG_WARN:
-      log(LOG_WARN, LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Warning from libevent: %s", buf);
+      log_warn(LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Warning from libevent: %s", buf);
       break;
     case _EVENT_LOG_ERR:
-      log(LOG_ERR, LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Error from libevent: %s", buf);
+      log_err(LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Error from libevent: %s", buf);
       break;
     default:
-      log(LOG_WARN, LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Message [%d] from libevent: %s",
+      log_warn(LD_NOCB|LD_GENERAL, "Message [%d] from libevent: %s",
           severity, buf);
       break;
   }
@@ -185,13 +187,6 @@ tor_libevent_initialize(tor_libevent_cfg *torcfg)
   /* some paths below don't use torcfg, so avoid unused variable warnings */
   (void)torcfg;
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-  if (MACOSX_KQUEUE_IS_BROKEN ||
-      tor_get_libevent_version(NULL) < V_OLD(1,1,'b')) {
-    setenv("EVENT_NOKQUEUE","1",1);
-  }
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_EVENT2_EVENT_H
   {
     int attempts = 0;
@@ -266,13 +261,13 @@ tor_libevent_initialize(tor_libevent_cfg *torcfg)
 #if defined(HAVE_EVENT_GET_VERSION) && defined(HAVE_EVENT_GET_METHOD)
   /* Making this a NOTICE for now so we can link bugs to a libevent versions
    * or methods better. */
-  log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_GENERAL,
+  log_info(LD_GENERAL,
       "Initialized libevent version %s using method %s. Good.",
       event_get_version(), tor_libevent_get_method());
 #else
-  log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_GENERAL,
+  log_notice(LD_GENERAL,
       "Initialized old libevent (version 1.0b or earlier).");
-  log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
       "You have a *VERY* old version of libevent.  It is likely to be buggy; "
       "please build Tor with a more recent version.");
 #endif
@@ -364,6 +359,7 @@ le_versions_compatibility(le_version_t v)
     return 5;
 }
 
+#if 0
 /** Return the version number of the currently running version of Libevent.
  * See le_version_t for info on the format.
  */
@@ -386,6 +382,7 @@ tor_get_libevent_version(const char **v_out)
     *v_out = v;
   return r;
 }
+#endif
 
 /** Return a string representation of the version of the currently running
  * version of Libevent. */
@@ -407,77 +404,9 @@ void
 tor_check_libevent_version(const char *m, int server,
                            const char **badness_out)
 {
-  int buggy = 0, iffy = 0, slow = 0, thread_unsafe = 0;
-  le_version_t version;
-  const char *v = NULL;
-  const char *badness = NULL;
-  const char *sad_os = "";
-
-  version = tor_get_libevent_version(&v);
-
-  /* It would be better to disable known-buggy methods rather than warning
-   * about them.  But the problem is that with older versions of Libevent,
-   * it's not trivial to get them to change their methods once they're
-   * initialized... and with newer versions of Libevent, they aren't actually
-   * broken.  But we should revisit this if we ever find a post-1.4 version
-   * of Libevent where we need to disable a given method. */
-  if (!strcmp(m, "kqueue")) {
-    if (version < V_OLD(1,1,'b'))
-      buggy = 1;
-  } else if (!strcmp(m, "epoll")) {
-    if (version < V(1,1,0))
-      iffy = 1;
-  } else if (!strcmp(m, "poll")) {
-    if (version < V_OLD(1,0,'e'))
-      buggy = 1;
-    if (version < V(1,1,0))
-      slow = 1;
-  } else if (!strcmp(m, "select")) {
-    if (version < V(1,1,0))
-      slow = 1;
-  } else if (!strcmp(m, "win32")) {
-    if (version < V_OLD(1,1,'b'))
-      buggy = 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Libevent versions before 1.3b do very badly on operating systems with
-   * user-space threading implementations. */
-#if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
-  if (server && version < V_OLD(1,3,'b')) {
-    thread_unsafe = 1;
-    sad_os = "BSD variants";
-  }
-#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__darwin__)
-  if (server && version < V_OLD(1,3,'b')) {
-    thread_unsafe = 1;
-    sad_os = "Mac OS X";
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if (thread_unsafe) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
-        "Libevent version %s often crashes when running a Tor server with %s. "
-        "Please use the latest version of libevent (1.3b or later)",v,sad_os);
-    badness = "BROKEN";
-  } else if (buggy) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
-        "There are serious bugs in using %s with libevent %s. "
-        "Please use the latest version of libevent.", m, v);
-    badness = "BROKEN";
-  } else if (iffy) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
-        "There are minor bugs in using %s with libevent %s. "
-        "You may want to use the latest version of libevent.", m, v);
-    badness = "BUGGY";
-  } else if (slow && server) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
-        "libevent %s can be very slow with %s. "
-        "When running a server, please use the latest version of libevent.",
-        v,m);
-    badness = "SLOW";
-  }
-
-  *badness_out = badness;
+  (void) m;
+  (void) server;
+  *badness_out = NULL;
 }
 
 #if defined(LIBEVENT_VERSION)
@@ -511,7 +440,7 @@ tor_check_libevent_header_compatibility(void)
 
     verybad = compat1 != compat2;
 
-    log(verybad ? LOG_WARN : LOG_NOTICE,
+    tor_log(verybad ? LOG_WARN : LOG_NOTICE,
         LD_GENERAL, "We were compiled with headers from version %s "
         "of Libevent, but we're using a Libevent library that says it's "
         "version %s.", HEADER_VERSION, event_get_version());
diff --git a/src/common/compat_libevent.h b/src/common/compat_libevent.h
index 56285ef80d..2472e2c49e 100644
--- a/src/common/compat_libevent.h
+++ b/src/common/compat_libevent.h
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2009-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2009-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H
-#define _TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H
+#ifndef TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H
+#define TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 
diff --git a/src/common/container.c b/src/common/container.c
index ede98eca5a..eec497a3e6 100644
--- a/src/common/container.c
+++ b/src/common/container.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ smartlist_string_remove(smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
 /** Return true iff some element E of sl has E==element.
  */
 int
-smartlist_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *element)
+smartlist_contains(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *element)
 {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i < sl->num_used; i++)
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ smartlist_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *element)
  * !strcmp(E,<b>element</b>)
  */
 int
-smartlist_string_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
+smartlist_contains_string(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
 {
   int i;
   if (!sl) return 0;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ smartlist_string_pos(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
  * !strcasecmp(E,<b>element</b>)
  */
 int
-smartlist_string_isin_case(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
+smartlist_contains_string_case(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
 {
   int i;
   if (!sl) return 0;
@@ -217,11 +217,11 @@ smartlist_string_isin_case(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
  * to the decimal encoding of <b>num</b>.
  */
 int
-smartlist_string_num_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, int num)
+smartlist_contains_int_as_string(const smartlist_t *sl, int num)
 {
   char buf[32]; /* long enough for 64-bit int, and then some. */
   tor_snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%d", num);
-  return smartlist_string_isin(sl, buf);
+  return smartlist_contains_string(sl, buf);
 }
 
 /** Return true iff the two lists contain the same strings in the same
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ smartlist_strings_eq(const smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2)
  * tor_memeq(E,<b>element</b>,DIGEST_LEN)
  */
 int
-smartlist_digest_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
+smartlist_contains_digest(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
 {
   int i;
   if (!sl) return 0;
@@ -257,19 +257,19 @@ smartlist_digest_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return true iff some element E of sl2 has smartlist_isin(sl1,E).
+/** Return true iff some element E of sl2 has smartlist_contains(sl1,E).
  */
 int
 smartlist_overlap(const smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2)
 {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i < sl2->num_used; i++)
-    if (smartlist_isin(sl1, sl2->list[i]))
+    if (smartlist_contains(sl1, sl2->list[i]))
       return 1;
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Remove every element E of sl1 such that !smartlist_isin(sl2,E).
+/** Remove every element E of sl1 such that !smartlist_contains(sl2,E).
  * Does not preserve the order of sl1.
  */
 void
@@ -277,13 +277,13 @@ smartlist_intersect(smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2)
 {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i < sl1->num_used; i++)
-    if (!smartlist_isin(sl2, sl1->list[i])) {
+    if (!smartlist_contains(sl2, sl1->list[i])) {
       sl1->list[i] = sl1->list[--sl1->num_used]; /* swap with the end */
       i--; /* so we process the new i'th element */
     }
 }
 
-/** Remove every element E of sl1 such that smartlist_isin(sl2,E).
+/** Remove every element E of sl1 such that smartlist_contains(sl2,E).
  * Does not preserve the order of sl1.
  */
 void
@@ -571,59 +571,116 @@ smartlist_bsearch_idx(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *key,
                       int (*compare)(const void *key, const void **member),
                       int *found_out)
 {
-  const int len = smartlist_len(sl);
-  int hi, lo, cmp, mid;
+  int hi, lo, cmp, mid, len, diff;
 
+  tor_assert(sl);
+  tor_assert(compare);
+  tor_assert(found_out);
+
+  len = smartlist_len(sl);
+
+  /* Check for the trivial case of a zero-length list */
   if (len == 0) {
     *found_out = 0;
+    /* We already know smartlist_len(sl) is 0 in this case */
     return 0;
-  } else if (len == 1) {
-    cmp = compare(key, (const void **) &sl->list[0]);
-    if (cmp == 0) {
-      *found_out = 1;
-      return 0;
-    } else if (cmp < 0) {
-      *found_out = 0;
-      return 0;
-    } else {
-      *found_out = 0;
-      return 1;
-    }
   }
 
-  hi = smartlist_len(sl) - 1;
+  /* Okay, we have a real search to do */
+  tor_assert(len > 0);
   lo = 0;
+  hi = len - 1;
+
+  /*
+   * These invariants are always true:
+   *
+   * For all i such that 0 <= i < lo, sl[i] < key
+   * For all i such that hi < i <= len, sl[i] > key
+   */
 
   while (lo <= hi) {
-    mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
+    diff = hi - lo;
+    /*
+     * We want mid = (lo + hi) / 2, but that could lead to overflow, so
+     * instead diff = hi - lo (non-negative because of loop condition), and
+     * then hi = lo + diff, mid = (lo + lo + diff) / 2 = lo + (diff / 2).
+     */
+    mid = lo + (diff / 2);
     cmp = compare(key, (const void**) &(sl->list[mid]));
-    if (cmp>0) { /* key > sl[mid] */
-      lo = mid+1;
-    } else if (cmp<0) { /* key < sl[mid] */
-      hi = mid-1;
-    } else { /* key == sl[mid] */
+    if (cmp == 0) {
+      /* sl[mid] == key; we found it */
       *found_out = 1;
       return mid;
-    }
-  }
-  /* lo > hi. */
-  {
-    tor_assert(lo >= 0);
-    if (lo < smartlist_len(sl)) {
-      cmp = compare(key, (const void**) &(sl->list[lo]));
+    } else if (cmp > 0) {
+      /*
+       * key > sl[mid] and an index i such that sl[i] == key must
+       * have i > mid if it exists.
+       */
+
+      /*
+       * Since lo <= mid <= hi, hi can only decrease on each iteration (by
+       * being set to mid - 1) and hi is initially len - 1, mid < len should
+       * always hold, and this is not symmetric with the left end of list
+       * mid > 0 test below.  A key greater than the right end of the list
+       * should eventually lead to lo == hi == mid == len - 1, and then
+       * we set lo to len below and fall out to the same exit we hit for
+       * a key in the middle of the list but not matching.  Thus, we just
+       * assert for consistency here rather than handle a mid == len case.
+       */
+      tor_assert(mid < len);
+      /* Move lo to the element immediately after sl[mid] */
+      lo = mid + 1;
+    } else {
+      /* This should always be true in this case */
       tor_assert(cmp < 0);
-    } else if (smartlist_len(sl)) {
-      cmp = compare(key, (const void**) &(sl->list[smartlist_len(sl)-1]));
-      tor_assert(cmp > 0);
+
+      /*
+       * key < sl[mid] and an index i such that sl[i] == key must
+       * have i < mid if it exists.
+       */
+
+      if (mid > 0) {
+        /* Normal case, move hi to the element immediately before sl[mid] */
+        hi = mid - 1;
+      } else {
+        /* These should always be true in this case */
+        tor_assert(mid == lo);
+        tor_assert(mid == 0);
+        /*
+         * We were at the beginning of the list and concluded that every
+         * element e compares e > key.
+         */
+        *found_out = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
     }
   }
+
+  /*
+   * lo > hi; we have no element matching key but we have elements falling
+   * on both sides of it.  The lo index points to the first element > key.
+   */
+  tor_assert(lo == hi + 1); /* All other cases should have been handled */
+  tor_assert(lo >= 0);
+  tor_assert(lo <= len);
+  tor_assert(hi >= 0);
+  tor_assert(hi <= len);
+
+  if (lo < len) {
+    cmp = compare(key, (const void **) &(sl->list[lo]));
+    tor_assert(cmp < 0);
+  } else {
+    cmp = compare(key, (const void **) &(sl->list[len-1]));
+    tor_assert(cmp > 0);
+  }
+
   *found_out = 0;
   return lo;
 }
 
 /** Helper: compare two const char **s. */
 static int
-_compare_string_ptrs(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_string_ptrs_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   return strcmp((const char*)*_a, (const char*)*_b);
 }
@@ -633,14 +690,14 @@ _compare_string_ptrs(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 void
 smartlist_sort_strings(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_string_ptrs);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_string_ptrs_);
 }
 
 /** Return the most frequent string in the sorted list <b>sl</b> */
 char *
 smartlist_get_most_frequent_string(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  return smartlist_get_most_frequent(sl, _compare_string_ptrs);
+  return smartlist_get_most_frequent(sl, compare_string_ptrs_);
 }
 
 /** Remove duplicate strings from a sorted list, and free them with tor_free().
@@ -648,7 +705,7 @@ smartlist_get_most_frequent_string(smartlist_t *sl)
 void
 smartlist_uniq_strings(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_uniq(sl, _compare_string_ptrs, _tor_free);
+  smartlist_uniq(sl, compare_string_ptrs_, tor_free_);
 }
 
 /* Heap-based priority queue implementation for O(lg N) insert and remove.
@@ -849,7 +906,7 @@ smartlist_pqueue_assert_ok(smartlist_t *sl,
 
 /** Helper: compare two DIGEST_LEN digests. */
 static int
-_compare_digests(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_digests_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   return tor_memcmp((const char*)*_a, (const char*)*_b, DIGEST_LEN);
 }
@@ -858,7 +915,7 @@ _compare_digests(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 void
 smartlist_sort_digests(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_digests);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_digests_);
 }
 
 /** Remove duplicate digests from a sorted list, and free them with tor_free().
@@ -866,12 +923,12 @@ smartlist_sort_digests(smartlist_t *sl)
 void
 smartlist_uniq_digests(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_uniq(sl, _compare_digests, _tor_free);
+  smartlist_uniq(sl, compare_digests_, tor_free_);
 }
 
 /** Helper: compare two DIGEST256_LEN digests. */
 static int
-_compare_digests256(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_digests256_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   return tor_memcmp((const char*)*_a, (const char*)*_b, DIGEST256_LEN);
 }
@@ -880,7 +937,7 @@ _compare_digests256(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 void
 smartlist_sort_digests256(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_digests256);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_digests256_);
 }
 
 /** Return the most frequent member of the sorted list of DIGEST256_LEN
@@ -888,7 +945,7 @@ smartlist_sort_digests256(smartlist_t *sl)
 char *
 smartlist_get_most_frequent_digest256(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  return smartlist_get_most_frequent(sl, _compare_digests256);
+  return smartlist_get_most_frequent(sl, compare_digests256_);
 }
 
 /** Remove duplicate 256-bit digests from a sorted list, and free them with
@@ -897,7 +954,7 @@ smartlist_get_most_frequent_digest256(smartlist_t *sl)
 void
 smartlist_uniq_digests256(smartlist_t *sl)
 {
-  smartlist_uniq(sl, _compare_digests256, _tor_free);
+  smartlist_uniq(sl, compare_digests256_, tor_free_);
 }
 
 /** Helper: Declare an entry type and a map type to implement a mapping using
diff --git a/src/common/container.h b/src/common/container.h
index dab3b83f37..fb93747945 100644
--- a/src/common/container.h
+++ b/src/common/container.h
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONTAINER_H
-#define _TOR_CONTAINER_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONTAINER_H
+#define TOR_CONTAINER_H
 
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ void smartlist_remove(smartlist_t *sl, const void *element);
 void *smartlist_pop_last(smartlist_t *sl);
 void smartlist_reverse(smartlist_t *sl);
 void smartlist_string_remove(smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
-int smartlist_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *element);
-int smartlist_string_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
+int smartlist_contains(const smartlist_t *sl, const void *element);
+int smartlist_contains_string(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
 int smartlist_string_pos(const smartlist_t *, const char *elt);
-int smartlist_string_isin_case(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
-int smartlist_string_num_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, int num);
+int smartlist_contains_string_case(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
+int smartlist_contains_int_as_string(const smartlist_t *sl, int num);
 int smartlist_strings_eq(const smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2);
-int smartlist_digest_isin(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
+int smartlist_contains_digest(const smartlist_t *sl, const char *element);
 int smartlist_overlap(const smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2);
 void smartlist_intersect(smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2);
 void smartlist_subtract(smartlist_t *sl1, const smartlist_t *sl2);
@@ -471,64 +471,74 @@ void* strmap_remove_lc(strmap_t *map, const char *key);
 #define DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(prefix, maptype, valtype)           \
   typedef struct maptype maptype;                                       \
   typedef struct prefix##iter_t prefix##iter_t;                         \
-  static INLINE maptype* prefix##new(void)                              \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE maptype*                                    \
+  prefix##new(void)                                                     \
   {                                                                     \
     return (maptype*)digestmap_new();                                   \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE digestmap_t* prefix##to_digestmap(maptype *map)         \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE digestmap_t*                                \
+  prefix##to_digestmap(maptype *map)                                    \
   {                                                                     \
     return (digestmap_t*)map;                                           \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE valtype* prefix##get(maptype *map, const char *key)     \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE valtype*                                    \
+  prefix##get(maptype *map, const char *key)     \
   {                                                                     \
     return (valtype*)digestmap_get((digestmap_t*)map, key);             \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE valtype* prefix##set(maptype *map, const char *key,     \
-                                     valtype *val)                      \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE valtype*                                    \
+  prefix##set(maptype *map, const char *key, valtype *val)              \
   {                                                                     \
     return (valtype*)digestmap_set((digestmap_t*)map, key, val);        \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE valtype* prefix##remove(maptype *map, const char *key)  \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE valtype*                                    \
+  prefix##remove(maptype *map, const char *key)                         \
   {                                                                     \
     return (valtype*)digestmap_remove((digestmap_t*)map, key);          \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE void prefix##free(maptype *map, void (*free_val)(void*)) \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE void                                        \
+  prefix##free(maptype *map, void (*free_val)(void*))                   \
   {                                                                     \
     digestmap_free((digestmap_t*)map, free_val);                        \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE int prefix##isempty(maptype *map)                       \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE int                                         \
+  prefix##isempty(maptype *map)                                         \
   {                                                                     \
     return digestmap_isempty((digestmap_t*)map);                        \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE int prefix##size(maptype *map)                          \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE int                                         \
+  prefix##size(maptype *map)                                            \
   {                                                                     \
     return digestmap_size((digestmap_t*)map);                           \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE prefix##iter_t *prefix##iter_init(maptype *map)         \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE                                             \
+  prefix##iter_t *prefix##iter_init(maptype *map)                       \
   {                                                                     \
     return (prefix##iter_t*) digestmap_iter_init((digestmap_t*)map);    \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE prefix##iter_t *prefix##iter_next(maptype *map,         \
-                                                  prefix##iter_t *iter) \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE                                             \
+  prefix##iter_t *prefix##iter_next(maptype *map, prefix##iter_t *iter) \
   {                                                                     \
     return (prefix##iter_t*) digestmap_iter_next(                       \
                        (digestmap_t*)map, (digestmap_iter_t*)iter);     \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE prefix##iter_t *prefix##iter_next_rmv(maptype *map,     \
-                                                  prefix##iter_t *iter) \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE prefix##iter_t*                             \
+  prefix##iter_next_rmv(maptype *map, prefix##iter_t *iter)             \
   {                                                                     \
     return (prefix##iter_t*) digestmap_iter_next_rmv(                   \
                        (digestmap_t*)map, (digestmap_iter_t*)iter);     \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE void prefix##iter_get(prefix##iter_t *iter,             \
-                                      const char **keyp,                \
-                                      valtype **valp)                   \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE void                                        \
+  prefix##iter_get(prefix##iter_t *iter,                                \
+                   const char **keyp,                                   \
+                   valtype **valp)                                      \
   {                                                                     \
     void *v;                                                            \
     digestmap_iter_get((digestmap_iter_t*) iter, keyp, &v);             \
     *valp = v;                                                          \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE int prefix##iter_done(prefix##iter_t *iter)             \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE int                                         \
+  prefix##iter_done(prefix##iter_t *iter)                               \
   {                                                                     \
     return digestmap_iter_done((digestmap_iter_t*)iter);                \
   }
@@ -623,7 +633,7 @@ digestset_add(digestset_t *set, const char *digest)
 /** If <b>digest</b> is in <b>set</b>, return nonzero.  Otherwise,
  * <em>probably</em> return zero. */
 static INLINE int
-digestset_isin(const digestset_t *set, const char *digest)
+digestset_contains(const digestset_t *set, const char *digest)
 {
   const uint32_t *p = (const uint32_t *)digest;
   const uint32_t d1 = p[0] + (p[1]>>16);
@@ -675,11 +685,6 @@ median_int32(int32_t *array, int n_elements)
 {
   return find_nth_int32(array, n_elements, (n_elements-1)/2);
 }
-static INLINE long
-median_long(long *array, int n_elements)
-{
-  return find_nth_long(array, n_elements, (n_elements-1)/2);
-}
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/common/crypto.c b/src/common/crypto.c
index 30990ecc8f..925beb3529 100644
--- a/src/common/crypto.c
+++ b/src/common/crypto.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001, Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@
 #include "container.h"
 #include "compat.h"
 
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,7)
-#error "We require OpenSSL >= 0.9.7"
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)
+#error "We require OpenSSL >= 0.9.8"
 #endif
 
 #ifdef ANDROID
@@ -69,31 +69,6 @@
 /** Longest recognized */
 #define MAX_DNS_LABEL_SIZE 63
 
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8) && \
-  !defined(RUNNING_DOXYGEN)
-/** @{ */
-/** On OpenSSL versions before 0.9.8, there is no working SHA256
- * implementation, so we use Tom St Denis's nice speedy one, slightly adapted
- * to our needs.  These macros make it usable by us. */
-#define SHA256_CTX sha256_state
-#define SHA256_Init sha256_init
-#define SHA256_Update sha256_process
-#define LTC_ARGCHK(x) tor_assert(x)
-/** @} */
-#include "sha256.c"
-#define SHA256_Final(a,b) sha256_done(b,a)
-
-static unsigned char *
-SHA256(const unsigned char *m, size_t len, unsigned char *d)
-{
-  SHA256_CTX ctx;
-  SHA256_Init(&ctx);
-  SHA256_Update(&ctx, m, len);
-  SHA256_Final(d, &ctx);
-  return d;
-}
-#endif
-
 /** Macro: is k a valid RSA public or private key? */
 #define PUBLIC_KEY_OK(k) ((k) && (k)->key && (k)->key->n)
 /** Macro: is k a valid RSA private key? */
@@ -101,9 +76,9 @@ SHA256(const unsigned char *m, size_t len, unsigned char *d)
 
 #ifdef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED
 /** A number of preallocated mutexes for use by OpenSSL. */
-static tor_mutex_t **_openssl_mutexes = NULL;
+static tor_mutex_t **openssl_mutexes_ = NULL;
 /** How many mutexes have we allocated for use by OpenSSL? */
-static int _n_openssl_mutexes = 0;
+static int n_openssl_mutexes_ = 0;
 #endif
 
 /** A public key, or a public/private key-pair. */
@@ -138,8 +113,8 @@ crypto_get_rsa_padding_overhead(int padding)
 {
   switch (padding)
     {
-    case RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING: return 42;
-    case RSA_PKCS1_PADDING: return 11;
+    case RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING: return PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING_OVERHEAD;
+    case RSA_PKCS1_PADDING: return PKCS1_PADDING_OVERHEAD;
     default: tor_assert(0); return -1;
     }
 }
@@ -158,7 +133,7 @@ crypto_get_rsa_padding(int padding)
 }
 
 /** Boolean: has OpenSSL's crypto been initialized? */
-static int _crypto_global_initialized = 0;
+static int crypto_global_initialized_ = 0;
 
 /** Log all pending crypto errors at level <b>severity</b>.  Use
  * <b>doing</b> to describe our current activities.
@@ -176,10 +151,11 @@ crypto_log_errors(int severity, const char *doing)
     if (!lib) lib = "(null)";
     if (!func) func = "(null)";
     if (doing) {
-      log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error while %s: %s (in %s:%s)",
-          doing, msg, lib, func);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error while %s: %s (in %s:%s)",
+              doing, msg, lib, func);
     } else {
-      log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error: %s (in %s:%s)", msg, lib, func);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error: %s (in %s:%s)",
+              msg, lib, func);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -193,10 +169,10 @@ log_engine(const char *fn, ENGINE *e)
     const char *name, *id;
     name = ENGINE_get_name(e);
     id = ENGINE_get_id(e);
-    log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CRYPTO, "Using OpenSSL engine %s [%s] for %s",
-        name?name:"?", id?id:"?", fn);
+    log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "Default OpenSSL engine for %s is %s [%s]",
+               fn, name?name:"?", id?id:"?");
   } else {
-    log(LOG_INFO, LD_CRYPTO, "Using default implementation for %s", fn);
+    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "Using default implementation for %s", fn);
   }
 }
 #endif
@@ -221,16 +197,60 @@ try_load_engine(const char *path, const char *engine)
 }
 #endif
 
+static char *crypto_openssl_version_str = NULL;
+/* Return a human-readable version of the run-time openssl version number. */
+const char *
+crypto_openssl_get_version_str(void)
+{
+  if (crypto_openssl_version_str == NULL) {
+    const char *raw_version = SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION);
+    const char *end_of_version = NULL;
+    /* The output should be something like "OpenSSL 1.0.0b 10 May 2012. Let's
+       trim that down. */
+    if (!strcmpstart(raw_version, "OpenSSL ")) {
+      raw_version += strlen("OpenSSL ");
+      end_of_version = strchr(raw_version, ' ');
+    }
+
+    if (end_of_version)
+      crypto_openssl_version_str = tor_strndup(raw_version,
+                                               end_of_version-raw_version);
+    else
+      crypto_openssl_version_str = tor_strdup(raw_version);
+  }
+  return crypto_openssl_version_str;
+}
+
 /** Initialize the crypto library.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  */
 int
 crypto_global_init(int useAccel, const char *accelName, const char *accelDir)
 {
-  if (!_crypto_global_initialized) {
+  if (!crypto_global_initialized_) {
     ERR_load_crypto_strings();
     OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
-    _crypto_global_initialized = 1;
+    crypto_global_initialized_ = 1;
     setup_openssl_threading();
+
+    if (SSLeay() == OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER &&
+        !strcmp(SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION), OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT)) {
+      log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "OpenSSL version matches version from headers "
+                 "(%lx: %s).", SSLeay(), SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
+    } else {
+      log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "OpenSSL version from headers does not match the "
+               "version we're running with. If you get weird crashes, that "
+               "might be why. (Compiled with %lx: %s; running with %lx: %s).",
+               (unsigned long)OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER, OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT,
+               SSLeay(), SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
+    }
+
+    if (SSLeay() < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,0)) {
+      log_notice(LD_CRYPTO,
+                 "Your OpenSSL version seems to be %s. We recommend 1.0.0 "
+                 "or later.",
+                 crypto_openssl_get_version_str());
+    }
+
     if (useAccel > 0) {
 #ifdef DISABLE_ENGINES
       (void)accelName;
@@ -268,7 +288,7 @@ crypto_global_init(int useAccel, const char *accelName, const char *accelDir)
       }
       log_engine("RSA", ENGINE_get_default_RSA());
       log_engine("DH", ENGINE_get_default_DH());
-      log_engine("RAND", ENGINE_get_default_RAND());
+      log_engine("RAND (which we will not use)", ENGINE_get_default_RAND());
       log_engine("SHA1", ENGINE_get_digest_engine(NID_sha1));
       log_engine("3DES", ENGINE_get_cipher_engine(NID_des_ede3_ecb));
       log_engine("AES", ENGINE_get_cipher_engine(NID_aes_128_ecb));
@@ -277,6 +297,13 @@ crypto_global_init(int useAccel, const char *accelName, const char *accelDir)
       log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "NOT using OpenSSL engine support.");
     }
 
+    if (RAND_get_rand_method() != RAND_SSLeay()) {
+      log_notice(LD_CRYPTO, "It appears that one of our engines has provided "
+                 "a replacement the OpenSSL RNG. Resetting it to the default "
+                 "implementation.");
+      RAND_set_rand_method(RAND_SSLeay());
+    }
+
     evaluate_evp_for_aes(-1);
     evaluate_ctr_for_aes();
 
@@ -294,7 +321,7 @@ crypto_thread_cleanup(void)
 
 /** used by tortls.c: wrap an RSA* in a crypto_pk_t. */
 crypto_pk_t *
-_crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(RSA *rsa)
+crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(RSA *rsa)
 {
   crypto_pk_t *env;
   tor_assert(rsa);
@@ -307,7 +334,7 @@ _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(RSA *rsa)
 /** Helper, used by tor-checkkey.c and tor-gencert.c.  Return the RSA from a
  * crypto_pk_t. */
 RSA *
-_crypto_pk_get_rsa(crypto_pk_t *env)
+crypto_pk_get_rsa_(crypto_pk_t *env)
 {
   return env->key;
 }
@@ -315,7 +342,7 @@ _crypto_pk_get_rsa(crypto_pk_t *env)
 /** used by tortls.c: get an equivalent EVP_PKEY* for a crypto_pk_t.  Iff
  * private is set, include the private-key portion of the key. */
 EVP_PKEY *
-_crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(crypto_pk_t *env, int private)
+crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey_(crypto_pk_t *env, int private)
 {
   RSA *key = NULL;
   EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
@@ -343,7 +370,7 @@ _crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(crypto_pk_t *env, int private)
 /** Used by tortls.c: Get the DH* from a crypto_dh_t.
  */
 DH *
-_crypto_dh_get_dh(crypto_dh_t *dh)
+crypto_dh_get_dh_(crypto_dh_t *dh)
 {
   return dh->dh;
 }
@@ -358,7 +385,7 @@ crypto_pk_new(void)
 
   rsa = RSA_new();
   tor_assert(rsa);
-  return _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(rsa);
+  return crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(rsa);
 }
 
 /** Release a reference to an asymmetric key; when all the references
@@ -441,11 +468,7 @@ crypto_pk_generate_key_with_bits(crypto_pk_t *env, int bits)
 
   if (env->key)
     RSA_free(env->key);
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)
-  /* In OpenSSL 0.9.7, RSA_generate_key is all we have. */
-  env->key = RSA_generate_key(bits, 65537, NULL, NULL);
-#else
-  /* In OpenSSL 0.9.8, RSA_generate_key is deprecated. */
+
   {
     BIGNUM *e = BN_new();
     RSA *r = NULL;
@@ -463,11 +486,11 @@ crypto_pk_generate_key_with_bits(crypto_pk_t *env, int bits)
     r = NULL;
   done:
     if (e)
-      BN_free(e);
+      BN_clear_free(e);
     if (r)
       RSA_free(r);
-    }
-#endif
+  }
+
   if (!env->key) {
     crypto_log_errors(LOG_WARN, "generating RSA key");
     return -1;
@@ -711,19 +734,23 @@ crypto_pk_public_exponent_ok(crypto_pk_t *env)
   return BN_is_word(env->key->e, 65537);
 }
 
-/** Compare the public-key components of a and b.  Return -1 if a\<b, 0
- * if a==b, and 1 if a\>b.
+/** Compare the public-key components of a and b.  Return less than 0
+ * if a\<b, 0 if a==b, and greater than 0 if a\>b.  A NULL key is
+ * considered to be less than all non-NULL keys, and equal to itself.
+ *
+ * Note that this may leak information about the keys through timing.
  */
 int
 crypto_pk_cmp_keys(crypto_pk_t *a, crypto_pk_t *b)
 {
   int result;
+  char a_is_non_null = (a != NULL) && (a->key != NULL);
+  char b_is_non_null = (b != NULL) && (b->key != NULL);
+  char an_argument_is_null = !a_is_non_null | !b_is_non_null;
 
-  if (!a || !b)
-    return -1;
-
-  if (!a->key || !b->key)
-    return -1;
+  result = tor_memcmp(&a_is_non_null, &b_is_non_null, sizeof(a_is_non_null));
+  if (an_argument_is_null)
+    return result;
 
   tor_assert(PUBLIC_KEY_OK(a));
   tor_assert(PUBLIC_KEY_OK(b));
@@ -733,6 +760,18 @@ crypto_pk_cmp_keys(crypto_pk_t *a, crypto_pk_t *b)
   return BN_cmp((a->key)->e, (b->key)->e);
 }
 
+/** Compare the public-key components of a and b.  Return non-zero iff
+ * a==b.  A NULL key is considered to be distinct from all non-NULL
+ * keys, and equal to itself.
+ *
+ *  Note that this may leak information about the keys through timing.
+ */
+int
+crypto_pk_eq_keys(crypto_pk_t *a, crypto_pk_t *b)
+{
+  return (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(a, b) == 0);
+}
+
 /** Return the size of the public key modulus in <b>env</b>, in bytes. */
 size_t
 crypto_pk_keysize(crypto_pk_t *env)
@@ -791,7 +830,7 @@ crypto_pk_copy_full(crypto_pk_t *env)
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  return _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(new_key);
+  return crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(new_key);
 }
 
 /** Encrypt <b>fromlen</b> bytes from <b>from</b> with the public key
@@ -1158,7 +1197,7 @@ crypto_pk_asn1_decode(const char *str, size_t len)
     crypto_log_errors(LOG_WARN,"decoding public key");
     return NULL;
   }
-  return _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(rsa);
+  return crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(rsa);
 }
 
 /** Given a private or public key <b>pk</b>, put a SHA1 hash of the
@@ -1262,23 +1301,6 @@ crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(crypto_pk_t *pk, char *fp_out, int add_space)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is in the correct format for a fingerprint.
- */
-int
-crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(const char *s)
-{
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < FINGERPRINT_LEN; ++i) {
-    if ((i%5) == 4) {
-      if (!TOR_ISSPACE(s[i])) return 0;
-    } else {
-      if (!TOR_ISXDIGIT(s[i])) return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  if (s[FINGERPRINT_LEN]) return 0;
-  return 1;
-}
-
 /* symmetric crypto */
 
 /** Return a pointer to the key set for the cipher in <b>env</b>.
@@ -1427,7 +1449,7 @@ crypto_digest256(char *digest, const char *m, size_t len,
 int
 crypto_digest_all(digests_t *ds_out, const char *m, size_t len)
 {
-  digest_algorithm_t i;
+  int i;
   tor_assert(ds_out);
   memset(ds_out, 0, sizeof(*ds_out));
   if (crypto_digest(ds_out->d[DIGEST_SHA1], m, len) < 0)
@@ -1474,7 +1496,7 @@ struct crypto_digest_t {
     SHA256_CTX sha2; /**< state for SHA256 */
   } d; /**< State for the digest we're using.  Only one member of the
         * union is usable, depending on the value of <b>algorithm</b>. */
-  digest_algorithm_t algorithm : 8; /**< Which algorithm is in use? */
+  ENUM_BF(digest_algorithm_t) algorithm : 8; /**< Which algorithm is in use? */
 };
 
 /** Allocate and return a new digest object to compute SHA1 digests.
@@ -1599,6 +1621,29 @@ crypto_digest_assign(crypto_digest_t *into,
   memcpy(into,from,sizeof(crypto_digest_t));
 }
 
+/** Given a list of strings in <b>lst</b>, set the <b>len_out</b>-byte digest
+ * at <b>digest_out</b> to the hash of the concatenation of those strings,
+ * plus the optional string <b>append</b>, computed with the algorithm
+ * <b>alg</b>.
+ * <b>out_len</b> must be \<= DIGEST256_LEN. */
+void
+crypto_digest_smartlist(char *digest_out, size_t len_out,
+                        const smartlist_t *lst, const char *append,
+                        digest_algorithm_t alg)
+{
+  crypto_digest_t *d;
+  if (alg == DIGEST_SHA1)
+    d = crypto_digest_new();
+  else
+    d = crypto_digest256_new(alg);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const char *, cp,
+                    crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, cp, strlen(cp)));
+  if (append)
+    crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, append, strlen(append));
+  crypto_digest_get_digest(d, digest_out, len_out);
+  crypto_digest_free(d);
+}
+
 /** Compute the HMAC-SHA-1 of the <b>msg_len</b> bytes in <b>msg</b>, using
  * the <b>key</b> of length <b>key_len</b>.  Store the DIGEST_LEN-byte result
  * in <b>hmac_out</b>.
@@ -1623,63 +1668,11 @@ crypto_hmac_sha256(char *hmac_out,
                    const char *key, size_t key_len,
                    const char *msg, size_t msg_len)
 {
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)
   /* If we've got OpenSSL >=0.9.8 we can use its hmac implementation. */
   tor_assert(key_len < INT_MAX);
   tor_assert(msg_len < INT_MAX);
   HMAC(EVP_sha256(), key, (int)key_len, (unsigned char*)msg, (int)msg_len,
        (unsigned char*)hmac_out, NULL);
-#else
-  /* OpenSSL doesn't have an EVP implementation for SHA256. We'll need
-     to do HMAC on our own.
-
-     HMAC isn't so hard: To compute HMAC(key, msg):
-      1. If len(key) > blocksize, key = H(key).
-      2. If len(key) < blocksize, right-pad key up to blocksize with 0 bytes.
-      3. let ipad = key xor 0x363636363636....36
-         let opad = key xor 0x5c5c5c5c5c5c....5c
-         The result is H(opad | H( ipad | msg ) )
-  */
-#define BLOCKSIZE 64
-#define DIGESTSIZE 32
-  uint8_t k[BLOCKSIZE];
-  uint8_t pad[BLOCKSIZE];
-  uint8_t d[DIGESTSIZE];
-  int i;
-  SHA256_CTX st;
-
-  tor_assert(key_len < INT_MAX);
-  tor_assert(msg_len < INT_MAX);
-
-  if (key_len <= BLOCKSIZE) {
-    memset(k, 0, sizeof(k));
-    memcpy(k, key, key_len); /* not time invariant in key_len */
-  } else {
-    SHA256((const uint8_t *)key, key_len, k);
-    memset(k+DIGESTSIZE, 0, sizeof(k)-DIGESTSIZE);
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < BLOCKSIZE; ++i)
-    pad[i] = k[i] ^ 0x36;
-  SHA256_Init(&st);
-  SHA256_Update(&st, pad, BLOCKSIZE);
-  SHA256_Update(&st, (uint8_t*)msg, msg_len);
-  SHA256_Final(d, &st);
-
-  for (i = 0; i < BLOCKSIZE; ++i)
-    pad[i] = k[i] ^ 0x5c;
-  SHA256_Init(&st);
-  SHA256_Update(&st, pad, BLOCKSIZE);
-  SHA256_Update(&st, d, DIGESTSIZE);
-  SHA256_Final((uint8_t*)hmac_out, &st);
-
-  /* Now clear everything. */
-  memwipe(k, 0, sizeof(k));
-  memwipe(pad, 0, sizeof(pad));
-  memwipe(d, 0, sizeof(d));
-  memwipe(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
-#undef BLOCKSIZE
-#undef DIGESTSIZE
-#endif
 }
 
 /* DH */
@@ -1929,7 +1922,7 @@ crypto_set_tls_dh_prime(const char *dynamic_dh_modulus_fname)
 
   /* If the space is occupied, free the previous TLS DH prime */
   if (dh_param_p_tls) {
-    BN_free(dh_param_p_tls);
+    BN_clear_free(dh_param_p_tls);
     dh_param_p_tls = NULL;
   }
 
@@ -2057,6 +2050,16 @@ crypto_dh_new(int dh_type)
   return NULL;
 }
 
+/** Return a copy of <b>dh</b>, sharing its internal state. */
+crypto_dh_t *
+crypto_dh_dup(const crypto_dh_t *dh)
+{
+  crypto_dh_t *dh_new = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(crypto_dh_t));
+  dh_new->dh = dh->dh;
+  DH_up_ref(dh->dh);
+  return dh_new;
+}
+
 /** Return the length of the DH key in <b>dh</b>, in bytes.
  */
 int
@@ -2081,8 +2084,8 @@ crypto_dh_generate_public(crypto_dh_t *dh)
     log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Weird! Our own DH key was invalid.  I guess once-in-"
              "the-universe chances really do happen.  Trying again.");
     /* Free and clear the keys, so OpenSSL will actually try again. */
-    BN_free(dh->dh->pub_key);
-    BN_free(dh->dh->priv_key);
+    BN_clear_free(dh->dh->pub_key);
+    BN_clear_free(dh->dh->priv_key);
     dh->dh->pub_key = dh->dh->priv_key = NULL;
     goto again;
   }
@@ -2144,10 +2147,10 @@ tor_check_dh_key(int severity, BIGNUM *bn)
     log_fn(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "DH key must be at most p-2.");
     goto err;
   }
-  BN_free(x);
+  BN_clear_free(x);
   return 0;
  err:
-  BN_free(x);
+  BN_clear_free(x);
   s = BN_bn2hex(bn);
   log_fn(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "Rejecting insecure DH key [%s]", s);
   OPENSSL_free(s);
@@ -2195,8 +2198,8 @@ crypto_dh_compute_secret(int severity, crypto_dh_t *dh,
     goto error;
   }
   secret_len = result;
-  if (crypto_expand_key_material(secret_tmp, secret_len,
-                                 secret_out, secret_bytes_out)<0)
+  if (crypto_expand_key_material_TAP((uint8_t*)secret_tmp, secret_len,
+                                     (uint8_t*)secret_out, secret_bytes_out)<0)
     goto error;
   secret_len = secret_bytes_out;
 
@@ -2206,7 +2209,7 @@ crypto_dh_compute_secret(int severity, crypto_dh_t *dh,
  done:
   crypto_log_errors(LOG_WARN, "completing DH handshake");
   if (pubkey_bn)
-    BN_free(pubkey_bn);
+    BN_clear_free(pubkey_bn);
   if (secret_tmp) {
     memwipe(secret_tmp, 0, secret_tmp_len);
     tor_free(secret_tmp);
@@ -2222,15 +2225,18 @@ crypto_dh_compute_secret(int severity, crypto_dh_t *dh,
  * <b>key_out</b> by taking the first <b>key_out_len</b> bytes of
  *    H(K | [00]) | H(K | [01]) | ....
  *
+ * This is the key expansion algorithm used in the "TAP" circuit extension
+ * mechanism; it shouldn't be used for new protocols.
+ *
  * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  */
 int
-crypto_expand_key_material(const char *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
-                           char *key_out, size_t key_out_len)
+crypto_expand_key_material_TAP(const uint8_t *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
+                               uint8_t *key_out, size_t key_out_len)
 {
   int i;
-  char *cp, *tmp = tor_malloc(key_in_len+1);
-  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+  uint8_t *cp, *tmp = tor_malloc(key_in_len+1);
+  uint8_t digest[DIGEST_LEN];
 
   /* If we try to get more than this amount of key data, we'll repeat blocks.*/
   tor_assert(key_out_len <= DIGEST_LEN*256);
@@ -2239,7 +2245,7 @@ crypto_expand_key_material(const char *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
   for (cp = key_out, i=0; cp < key_out+key_out_len;
        ++i, cp += DIGEST_LEN) {
     tmp[key_in_len] = i;
-    if (crypto_digest(digest, tmp, key_in_len+1))
+    if (crypto_digest((char*)digest, (const char *)tmp, key_in_len+1))
       goto err;
     memcpy(cp, digest, MIN(DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len-(cp-key_out)));
   }
@@ -2255,6 +2261,65 @@ crypto_expand_key_material(const char *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
   return -1;
 }
 
+/** Expand some secret key material according to RFC5869, using SHA256 as the
+ * underlying hash.  The <b>key_in_len</b> bytes at <b>key_in</b> are the
+ * secret key material; the <b>salt_in_len</b> bytes at <b>salt_in</b> and the
+ * <b>info_in_len</b> bytes in <b>info_in_len</b> are the algorithm's "salt"
+ * and "info" parameters respectively.  On success, write <b>key_out_len</b>
+ * bytes to <b>key_out</b> and return 0.  On failure, return -1.
+ */
+int
+crypto_expand_key_material_rfc5869_sha256(
+                                    const uint8_t *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
+                                    const uint8_t *salt_in, size_t salt_in_len,
+                                    const uint8_t *info_in, size_t info_in_len,
+                                    uint8_t *key_out, size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  uint8_t prk[DIGEST256_LEN];
+  uint8_t tmp[DIGEST256_LEN + 128 + 1];
+  uint8_t mac[DIGEST256_LEN];
+  int i;
+  uint8_t *outp;
+  size_t tmp_len;
+
+  crypto_hmac_sha256((char*)prk,
+                     (const char*)salt_in, salt_in_len,
+                     (const char*)key_in, key_in_len);
+
+  /* If we try to get more than this amount of key data, we'll repeat blocks.*/
+  tor_assert(key_out_len <= DIGEST256_LEN * 256);
+  tor_assert(info_in_len <= 128);
+  memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
+  outp = key_out;
+  i = 1;
+
+  while (key_out_len) {
+    size_t n;
+    if (i > 1) {
+      memcpy(tmp, mac, DIGEST256_LEN);
+      memcpy(tmp+DIGEST256_LEN, info_in, info_in_len);
+      tmp[DIGEST256_LEN+info_in_len] = i;
+      tmp_len = DIGEST256_LEN + info_in_len + 1;
+    } else {
+      memcpy(tmp, info_in, info_in_len);
+      tmp[info_in_len] = i;
+      tmp_len = info_in_len + 1;
+    }
+    crypto_hmac_sha256((char*)mac,
+                       (const char*)prk, DIGEST256_LEN,
+                       (const char*)tmp, tmp_len);
+    n = key_out_len < DIGEST256_LEN ? key_out_len : DIGEST256_LEN;
+    memcpy(outp, mac, n);
+    key_out_len -= n;
+    outp += n;
+    ++i;
+  }
+
+  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
+  memwipe(mac, 0, sizeof(mac));
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /** Free a DH key exchange object.
  */
 void
@@ -2282,35 +2347,27 @@ crypto_dh_free(crypto_dh_t *dh)
  * that fd without checking whether it fit in the fd_set.  Thus, if the
  * system has not just been started up, it is unsafe to call */
 #define RAND_POLL_IS_SAFE                       \
-  ((OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V(0,9,7,'j') &&        \
-    OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)) ||     \
-   OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'c'))
+  (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'c'))
 
 /** Set the seed of the weak RNG to a random value. */
-static void
-seed_weak_rng(void)
+void
+crypto_seed_weak_rng(tor_weak_rng_t *rng)
 {
   unsigned seed;
   crypto_rand((void*)&seed, sizeof(seed));
-  tor_init_weak_random(seed);
+  tor_init_weak_random(rng, seed);
 }
 
-/** Seed OpenSSL's random number generator with bytes from the operating
- * system.  <b>startup</b> should be true iff we have just started Tor and
- * have not yet allocated a bunch of fds.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+/** Try to get <b>out_len</b> bytes of the strongest entropy we can generate,
+ * storing it into <b>out</b>.
  */
 int
-crypto_seed_rng(int startup)
+crypto_strongest_rand(uint8_t *out, size_t out_len)
 {
-  int rand_poll_status = 0;
-
-  /* local variables */
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  unsigned char buf[ADD_ENTROPY];
   static int provider_set = 0;
   static HCRYPTPROV provider;
 #else
-  char buf[ADD_ENTROPY];
   static const char *filenames[] = {
     "/dev/srandom", "/dev/urandom", "/dev/random", NULL
   };
@@ -2318,58 +2375,77 @@ crypto_seed_rng(int startup)
   size_t n;
 #endif
 
-  /* OpenSSL has a RAND_poll function that knows about more kinds of
-   * entropy than we do.  We'll try calling that, *and* calling our own entropy
-   * functions.  If one succeeds, we'll accept the RNG as seeded. */
-  if (startup || RAND_POLL_IS_SAFE) {
-    rand_poll_status = RAND_poll();
-    if (rand_poll_status == 0)
-      log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "RAND_poll() failed.");
-  }
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
   if (!provider_set) {
     if (!CryptAcquireContext(&provider, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL,
                              CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)) {
       if ((unsigned long)GetLastError() != (unsigned long)NTE_BAD_KEYSET) {
         log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Can't get CryptoAPI provider [1]");
-        return rand_poll_status ? 0 : -1;
+        return -1;
       }
     }
     provider_set = 1;
   }
-  if (!CryptGenRandom(provider, sizeof(buf), buf)) {
+  if (!CryptGenRandom(provider, out_len, out)) {
     log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Can't get entropy from CryptoAPI.");
-    return rand_poll_status ? 0 : -1;
+    return -1;
   }
-  RAND_seed(buf, sizeof(buf));
-  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
-  seed_weak_rng();
+
   return 0;
 #else
   for (i = 0; filenames[i]; ++i) {
     fd = open(filenames[i], O_RDONLY, 0);
     if (fd<0) continue;
-    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "Seeding RNG from \"%s\"", filenames[i]);
-    n = read_all(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+    log_info(LD_CRYPTO, "Reading entropy from \"%s\"", filenames[i]);
+    n = read_all(fd, (char*)out, out_len, 0);
     close(fd);
-    if (n != sizeof(buf)) {
+    if (n != out_len) {
       log_warn(LD_CRYPTO,
                "Error reading from entropy source (read only %lu bytes).",
                (unsigned long)n);
       return -1;
     }
-    RAND_seed(buf, (int)sizeof(buf));
-    memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
-    seed_weak_rng();
+
     return 0;
   }
 
-  log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Cannot seed RNG -- no entropy source found.");
-  return rand_poll_status ? 0 : -1;
+  log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Cannot get strong entropy: no entropy source found.");
+  return -1;
 #endif
 }
 
+/** Seed OpenSSL's random number generator with bytes from the operating
+ * system.  <b>startup</b> should be true iff we have just started Tor and
+ * have not yet allocated a bunch of fds.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+int
+crypto_seed_rng(int startup)
+{
+  int rand_poll_ok = 0, load_entropy_ok = 0;
+  uint8_t buf[ADD_ENTROPY];
+
+  /* OpenSSL has a RAND_poll function that knows about more kinds of
+   * entropy than we do.  We'll try calling that, *and* calling our own entropy
+   * functions.  If one succeeds, we'll accept the RNG as seeded. */
+  if (startup || RAND_POLL_IS_SAFE) {
+    rand_poll_ok = RAND_poll();
+    if (rand_poll_ok == 0)
+      log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "RAND_poll() failed.");
+  }
+
+  load_entropy_ok = !crypto_strongest_rand(buf, sizeof(buf));
+  if (load_entropy_ok) {
+    RAND_seed(buf, sizeof(buf));
+  }
+
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+
+  if (rand_poll_ok || load_entropy_ok)
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return -1;
+}
+
 /** Write <b>n</b> bytes of strong random data to <b>to</b>. Return 0 on
  * success, -1 on failure.
  */
@@ -2517,7 +2593,7 @@ smartlist_shuffle(smartlist_t *sl)
   }
 }
 
-/** Base-64 encode <b>srclen</b> bytes of data from <b>src</b>.  Write
+/** Base64 encode <b>srclen</b> bytes of data from <b>src</b>.  Write
  * the result into <b>dest</b>, if it will fit within <b>destlen</b>
  * bytes.  Return the number of bytes written on success; -1 if
  * destlen is too short, or other failure.
@@ -2576,7 +2652,7 @@ static const uint8_t base64_decode_table[256] = {
   X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,
 };
 
-/** Base-64 decode <b>srclen</b> bytes of data from <b>src</b>.  Write
+/** Base64 decode <b>srclen</b> bytes of data from <b>src</b>.  Write
  * the result into <b>dest</b>, if it will fit within <b>destlen</b>
  * bytes.  Return the number of bytes written on success; -1 if
  * destlen is too short, or other failure.
@@ -2683,7 +2759,7 @@ base64_decode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen)
 #undef SP
 #undef PAD
 
-/** Base-64 encode DIGEST_LINE bytes from <b>digest</b>, remove the trailing =
+/** Base64 encode DIGEST_LINE bytes from <b>digest</b>, remove the trailing =
  * and newline characters, and store the nul-terminated result in the first
  * BASE64_DIGEST_LEN+1 bytes of <b>d64</b>.  */
 int
@@ -2696,7 +2772,7 @@ digest_to_base64(char *d64, const char *digest)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Given a base-64 encoded, nul-terminated digest in <b>d64</b> (without
+/** Given a base64 encoded, nul-terminated digest in <b>d64</b> (without
  * trailing newline or = characters), decode it and store the result in the
  * first DIGEST_LEN bytes at <b>digest</b>. */
 int
@@ -2721,7 +2797,7 @@ digest_from_base64(char *digest, const char *d64)
 #endif
 }
 
-/** Base-64 encode DIGEST256_LINE bytes from <b>digest</b>, remove the
+/** Base64 encode DIGEST256_LINE bytes from <b>digest</b>, remove the
  * trailing = and newline characters, and store the nul-terminated result in
  * the first BASE64_DIGEST256_LEN+1 bytes of <b>d64</b>.  */
 int
@@ -2734,7 +2810,7 @@ digest256_to_base64(char *d64, const char *digest)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Given a base-64 encoded, nul-terminated digest in <b>d64</b> (without
+/** Given a base64 encoded, nul-terminated digest in <b>d64</b> (without
  * trailing newline or = characters), decode it and store the result in the
  * first DIGEST256_LEN bytes at <b>digest</b>. */
 int
@@ -2759,7 +2835,7 @@ digest256_from_base64(char *digest, const char *d64)
 #endif
 }
 
-/** Implements base32 encoding as in rfc3548.  Limitation: Requires
+/** Implements base32 encoding as in RFC 4648.  Limitation: Requires
  * that srclen*8 is a multiple of 5.
  */
 void
@@ -2784,7 +2860,7 @@ base32_encode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen)
   dest[i] = '\0';
 }
 
-/** Implements base32 decoding as in rfc3548.  Limitation: Requires
+/** Implements base32 decoding as in RFC 4648.  Limitation: Requires
  * that srclen*5 is a multiple of 8. Returns 0 if successful, -1 otherwise.
  */
 int
@@ -2937,21 +3013,27 @@ memwipe(void *mem, uint8_t byte, size_t sz)
 }
 
 #ifdef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_THREADS
+#error OpenSSL has been built without thread support. Tor requires an \
+ OpenSSL library with thread support enabled.
+#endif
+
 /** Helper: OpenSSL uses this callback to manipulate mutexes. */
 static void
-_openssl_locking_cb(int mode, int n, const char *file, int line)
+openssl_locking_cb_(int mode, int n, const char *file, int line)
 {
   (void)file;
   (void)line;
-  if (!_openssl_mutexes)
+  if (!openssl_mutexes_)
     /* This is not a really good  fix for the
      * "release-freed-lock-from-separate-thread-on-shutdown" problem, but
      * it can't hurt. */
     return;
   if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK)
-    tor_mutex_acquire(_openssl_mutexes[n]);
+    tor_mutex_acquire(openssl_mutexes_[n]);
   else
-    tor_mutex_release(_openssl_mutexes[n]);
+    tor_mutex_release(openssl_mutexes_[n]);
 }
 
 /** OpenSSL helper type: wraps a Tor mutex so that OpenSSL can use it
@@ -2963,7 +3045,7 @@ struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value {
 /** OpenSSL callback function to allocate a lock: see CRYPTO_set_dynlock_*
  * documentation in OpenSSL's docs for more info. */
 static struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *
-_openssl_dynlock_create_cb(const char *file, int line)
+openssl_dynlock_create_cb_(const char *file, int line)
 {
   struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v;
   (void)file;
@@ -2976,7 +3058,7 @@ _openssl_dynlock_create_cb(const char *file, int line)
 /** OpenSSL callback function to acquire or release a lock: see
  * CRYPTO_set_dynlock_* documentation in OpenSSL's docs for more info. */
 static void
-_openssl_dynlock_lock_cb(int mode, struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v,
+openssl_dynlock_lock_cb_(int mode, struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v,
                          const char *file, int line)
 {
   (void)file;
@@ -2990,7 +3072,7 @@ _openssl_dynlock_lock_cb(int mode, struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v,
 /** OpenSSL callback function to free a lock: see CRYPTO_set_dynlock_*
  * documentation in OpenSSL's docs for more info. */
 static void
-_openssl_dynlock_destroy_cb(struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v,
+openssl_dynlock_destroy_cb_(struct CRYPTO_dynlock_value *v,
                             const char *file, int line)
 {
   (void)file;
@@ -3007,15 +3089,15 @@ setup_openssl_threading(void)
 {
   int i;
   int n = CRYPTO_num_locks();
-  _n_openssl_mutexes = n;
-  _openssl_mutexes = tor_malloc(n*sizeof(tor_mutex_t *));
+  n_openssl_mutexes_ = n;
+  openssl_mutexes_ = tor_malloc(n*sizeof(tor_mutex_t *));
   for (i=0; i < n; ++i)
-    _openssl_mutexes[i] = tor_mutex_new();
-  CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(_openssl_locking_cb);
+    openssl_mutexes_[i] = tor_mutex_new();
+  CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(openssl_locking_cb_);
   CRYPTO_set_id_callback(tor_get_thread_id);
-  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_create_callback(_openssl_dynlock_create_cb);
-  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_lock_callback(_openssl_dynlock_lock_cb);
-  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_destroy_callback(_openssl_dynlock_destroy_cb);
+  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_create_callback(openssl_dynlock_create_cb_);
+  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_lock_callback(openssl_dynlock_lock_cb_);
+  CRYPTO_set_dynlock_destroy_callback(openssl_dynlock_destroy_cb_);
   return 0;
 }
 #else
@@ -3036,11 +3118,11 @@ crypto_global_cleanup(void)
   ERR_free_strings();
 
   if (dh_param_p)
-    BN_free(dh_param_p);
+    BN_clear_free(dh_param_p);
   if (dh_param_p_tls)
-    BN_free(dh_param_p_tls);
+    BN_clear_free(dh_param_p_tls);
   if (dh_param_g)
-    BN_free(dh_param_g);
+    BN_clear_free(dh_param_g);
 
 #ifndef DISABLE_ENGINES
   ENGINE_cleanup();
@@ -3049,18 +3131,19 @@ crypto_global_cleanup(void)
   CONF_modules_unload(1);
   CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();
 #ifdef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED
-  if (_n_openssl_mutexes) {
-    int n = _n_openssl_mutexes;
-    tor_mutex_t **ms = _openssl_mutexes;
+  if (n_openssl_mutexes_) {
+    int n = n_openssl_mutexes_;
+    tor_mutex_t **ms = openssl_mutexes_;
     int i;
-    _openssl_mutexes = NULL;
-    _n_openssl_mutexes = 0;
+    openssl_mutexes_ = NULL;
+    n_openssl_mutexes_ = 0;
     for (i=0;i<n;++i) {
       tor_mutex_free(ms[i]);
     }
     tor_free(ms);
   }
 #endif
+  tor_free(crypto_openssl_version_str);
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/common/crypto.h b/src/common/crypto.h
index 7d56271785..2fbca4c260 100644
--- a/src/common/crypto.h
+++ b/src/common/crypto.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001, Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
  * \brief Headers for crypto.c
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CRYPTO_H
-#define _TOR_CRYPTO_H
+#ifndef TOR_CRYPTO_H
+#define TOR_CRYPTO_H
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "torint.h"
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 /** Length of the output of our message digest. */
 #define DIGEST_LEN 20
 /** Length of the output of our second (improved) message digests.  (For now
- * this is just sha256, but any it can be any other 256-byte digest). */
+ * this is just sha256, but it could be any other 256-bit digest.) */
 #define DIGEST256_LEN 32
 /** Length of our symmetric cipher's keys. */
 #define CIPHER_KEY_LEN 16
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ typedef struct crypto_digest_t crypto_digest_t;
 typedef struct crypto_dh_t crypto_dh_t;
 
 /* global state */
+const char * crypto_openssl_get_version_str(void);
 int crypto_global_init(int hardwareAccel,
                        const char *accelName,
                        const char *accelPath);
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ int crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_filename(crypto_pk_t *env,
 
 int crypto_pk_check_key(crypto_pk_t *env);
 int crypto_pk_cmp_keys(crypto_pk_t *a, crypto_pk_t *b);
+int crypto_pk_eq_keys(crypto_pk_t *a, crypto_pk_t *b);
 size_t crypto_pk_keysize(crypto_pk_t *env);
 int crypto_pk_num_bits(crypto_pk_t *env);
 crypto_pk_t *crypto_pk_dup_key(crypto_pk_t *orig);
@@ -181,7 +183,6 @@ crypto_pk_t *crypto_pk_asn1_decode(const char *str, size_t len);
 int crypto_pk_get_digest(crypto_pk_t *pk, char *digest_out);
 int crypto_pk_get_all_digests(crypto_pk_t *pk, digests_t *digests_out);
 int crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(crypto_pk_t *pk, char *fp_out,int add_space);
-int crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(const char *s);
 
 /* symmetric crypto */
 const char *crypto_cipher_get_key(crypto_cipher_t *env);
@@ -204,6 +205,10 @@ int crypto_digest(char *digest, const char *m, size_t len);
 int crypto_digest256(char *digest, const char *m, size_t len,
                      digest_algorithm_t algorithm);
 int crypto_digest_all(digests_t *ds_out, const char *m, size_t len);
+struct smartlist_t;
+void crypto_digest_smartlist(char *digest_out, size_t len_out,
+                             const struct smartlist_t *lst, const char *append,
+                             digest_algorithm_t alg);
 const char *crypto_digest_algorithm_get_name(digest_algorithm_t alg);
 int crypto_digest_algorithm_parse_name(const char *name);
 crypto_digest_t *crypto_digest_new(void);
@@ -228,6 +233,7 @@ void crypto_hmac_sha256(char *hmac_out,
 #define DH_TYPE_REND 2
 #define DH_TYPE_TLS 3
 crypto_dh_t *crypto_dh_new(int dh_type);
+crypto_dh_t *crypto_dh_dup(const crypto_dh_t *dh);
 int crypto_dh_get_bytes(crypto_dh_t *dh);
 int crypto_dh_generate_public(crypto_dh_t *dh);
 int crypto_dh_get_public(crypto_dh_t *dh, char *pubkey_out,
@@ -236,15 +242,25 @@ ssize_t crypto_dh_compute_secret(int severity, crypto_dh_t *dh,
                              const char *pubkey, size_t pubkey_len,
                              char *secret_out, size_t secret_out_len);
 void crypto_dh_free(crypto_dh_t *dh);
-int crypto_expand_key_material(const char *key_in, size_t in_len,
-                               char *key_out, size_t key_out_len);
+
+int crypto_expand_key_material_TAP(const uint8_t *key_in,
+                                   size_t key_in_len,
+                                   uint8_t *key_out, size_t key_out_len);
+int crypto_expand_key_material_rfc5869_sha256(
+                                    const uint8_t *key_in, size_t key_in_len,
+                                    const uint8_t *salt_in, size_t salt_in_len,
+                                    const uint8_t *info_in, size_t info_in_len,
+                                    uint8_t *key_out, size_t key_out_len);
 
 /* random numbers */
 int crypto_seed_rng(int startup);
 int crypto_rand(char *to, size_t n);
+int crypto_strongest_rand(uint8_t *out, size_t out_len);
 int crypto_rand_int(unsigned int max);
 uint64_t crypto_rand_uint64(uint64_t max);
 double crypto_rand_double(void);
+struct tor_weak_rng_t;
+void crypto_seed_weak_rng(struct tor_weak_rng_t *rng);
 
 char *crypto_random_hostname(int min_rand_len, int max_rand_len,
                              const char *prefix, const char *suffix);
@@ -255,7 +271,7 @@ void smartlist_shuffle(struct smartlist_t *sl);
 
 int base64_encode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
 int base64_decode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
-/** Characters that can appear (case-insensitively) in a base-32 encoding. */
+/** Characters that can appear (case-insensitively) in a base32 encoding. */
 #define BASE32_CHARS "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz234567"
 void base32_encode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
 int base32_decode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
@@ -280,11 +296,11 @@ void memwipe(void *mem, uint8_t byte, size_t sz);
 struct rsa_st;
 struct evp_pkey_st;
 struct dh_st;
-struct rsa_st *_crypto_pk_get_rsa(crypto_pk_t *env);
-crypto_pk_t *_crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(struct rsa_st *rsa);
-struct evp_pkey_st *_crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(crypto_pk_t *env,
+struct rsa_st *crypto_pk_get_rsa_(crypto_pk_t *env);
+crypto_pk_t *crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(struct rsa_st *rsa);
+struct evp_pkey_st *crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey_(crypto_pk_t *env,
                                                 int private);
-struct dh_st *_crypto_dh_get_dh(crypto_dh_t *dh);
+struct dh_st *crypto_dh_get_dh_(crypto_dh_t *dh);
 /* Prototypes for private functions only used by crypto.c and test.c*/
 void add_spaces_to_fp(char *out, size_t outlen, const char *in);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/common/crypto_curve25519.c b/src/common/crypto_curve25519.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c723f37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/crypto_curve25519.c
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/* Wrapper code for a curve25519 implementation. */
+
+#define CRYPTO_CURVE25519_PRIVATE
+#include "orconfig.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
+#include "crypto.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "torlog.h"
+
+/* ==============================
+   Part 1: wrap a suitable curve25519 implementation as curve25519_impl
+   ============================== */
+
+#ifdef USE_CURVE25519_DONNA
+int curve25519_donna(uint8_t *mypublic,
+                     const uint8_t *secret, const uint8_t *basepoint);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_CURVE25519_NACL
+#ifdef HAVE_CRYPTO_SCALARMULT_CURVE25519_H
+#include <crypto_scalarmult_curve25519.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_NACL_CRYPTO_SCALARMULT_CURVE25519_H)
+#include <nacl/crypto_scalarmult_curve25519.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+int
+curve25519_impl(uint8_t *output, const uint8_t *secret,
+                const uint8_t *basepoint)
+{
+  uint8_t bp[CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN];
+  int r;
+  memcpy(bp, basepoint, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  /* Clear the high bit, in case our backend foolishly looks at it. */
+  bp[31] &= 0x7f;
+#ifdef USE_CURVE25519_DONNA
+  r = curve25519_donna(output, secret, bp);
+#elif defined(USE_CURVE25519_NACL)
+  r = crypto_scalarmult_curve25519(output, secret, bp);
+#else
+#error "No implementation of curve25519 is available."
+#endif
+  memwipe(bp, 0, sizeof(bp));
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* ==============================
+   Part 2: Wrap curve25519_impl with some convenience types and functions.
+   ============================== */
+
+/**
+ * Return true iff a curve25519_public_key_t seems valid. (It's not necessary
+ * to see if the point is on the curve, since the twist is also secure, but we
+ * do need to make sure that it isn't the point at infinity.) */
+int
+curve25519_public_key_is_ok(const curve25519_public_key_t *key)
+{
+  return !safe_mem_is_zero(key->public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+}
+
+/** Generate a new keypair and return the secret key.  If <b>extra_strong</b>
+ * is true, this key is possibly going to get used more than once, so
+ * use a better-than-usual RNG. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+curve25519_secret_key_generate(curve25519_secret_key_t *key_out,
+                               int extra_strong)
+{
+  uint8_t k_tmp[CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN];
+
+  if (crypto_rand((char*)key_out->secret_key, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN) < 0)
+    return -1;
+  if (extra_strong && !crypto_strongest_rand(k_tmp, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN)) {
+    /* If they asked for extra-strong entropy and we have some, use it as an
+     * HMAC key to improve not-so-good entropy rather than using it directly,
+     * just in case the extra-strong entropy is less amazing than we hoped. */
+    crypto_hmac_sha256((char *)key_out->secret_key,
+                    (const char *)k_tmp, sizeof(k_tmp),
+                    (const char *)key_out->secret_key, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  }
+  memwipe(k_tmp, 0, sizeof(k_tmp));
+  key_out->secret_key[0] &= 248;
+  key_out->secret_key[31] &= 127;
+  key_out->secret_key[31] |= 64;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void
+curve25519_public_key_generate(curve25519_public_key_t *key_out,
+                               const curve25519_secret_key_t *seckey)
+{
+  static const uint8_t basepoint[32] = {9};
+
+  curve25519_impl(key_out->public_key, seckey->secret_key, basepoint);
+}
+
+int
+curve25519_keypair_generate(curve25519_keypair_t *keypair_out,
+                            int extra_strong)
+{
+  if (curve25519_secret_key_generate(&keypair_out->seckey, extra_strong) < 0)
+    return -1;
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&keypair_out->pubkey, &keypair_out->seckey);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int
+curve25519_keypair_write_to_file(const curve25519_keypair_t *keypair,
+                                 const char *fname,
+                                 const char *tag)
+{
+  char contents[32 + CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN + CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN];
+  int r;
+
+  memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+  tor_snprintf(contents, sizeof(contents), "== c25519v1: %s ==", tag);
+  tor_assert(strlen(contents) <= 32);
+  memcpy(contents+32, keypair->seckey.secret_key, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  memcpy(contents+32+CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN,
+         keypair->pubkey.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+
+  r = write_bytes_to_file(fname, contents, sizeof(contents), 1);
+
+  memwipe(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+  return r;
+}
+
+int
+curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(curve25519_keypair_t *keypair_out,
+                                  char **tag_out,
+                                  const char *fname)
+{
+  char prefix[33];
+  char *content;
+  struct stat st;
+  int r = -1;
+
+  *tag_out = NULL;
+
+  st.st_size = 0;
+  content = read_file_to_str(fname, RFTS_BIN|RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, &st);
+  if (! content)
+    goto end;
+  if (st.st_size != 32 + CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN + CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN)
+    goto end;
+
+  memcpy(prefix, content, 32);
+  prefix[32] = '\0';
+  if (strcmpstart(prefix, "== c25519v1: ") ||
+      strcmpend(prefix, " =="))
+    goto end;
+
+  *tag_out = tor_strndup(prefix+strlen("== c25519v1: "),
+                         strlen(prefix) - strlen("== c25519v1:  =="));
+
+  memcpy(keypair_out->seckey.secret_key, content+32, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&keypair_out->pubkey, &keypair_out->seckey);
+  if (tor_memneq(keypair_out->pubkey.public_key,
+                 content + 32 + CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN,
+                 CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN))
+    goto end;
+
+  r = 0;
+
+ end:
+  if (content) {
+    memwipe(content, 0, (size_t) st.st_size);
+    tor_free(content);
+  }
+  if (r != 0) {
+    memset(keypair_out, 0, sizeof(*keypair_out));
+    tor_free(*tag_out);
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Perform the curve25519 ECDH handshake with <b>skey</b> and <b>pkey</b>,
+ * writing CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN bytes of output into <b>output</b>. */
+void
+curve25519_handshake(uint8_t *output,
+                     const curve25519_secret_key_t *skey,
+                     const curve25519_public_key_t *pkey)
+{
+  curve25519_impl(output, skey->secret_key, pkey->public_key);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/common/crypto_curve25519.h b/src/common/crypto_curve25519.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..652f1883c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/crypto_curve25519.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#ifndef TOR_CRYPTO_CURVE25519_H
+#define TOR_CRYPTO_CURVE25519_H
+
+#include "torint.h"
+
+/** Length of a curve25519 public key when encoded. */
+#define CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN 32
+/** Length of a curve25519 secret key when encoded. */
+#define CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN 32
+/** Length of the result of a curve25519 handshake. */
+#define CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN 32
+
+/** Wrapper type for a curve25519 public key */
+typedef struct curve25519_public_key_t {
+  uint8_t public_key[CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN];
+} curve25519_public_key_t;
+
+/** Wrapper type for a curve25519 secret key */
+typedef struct curve25519_secret_key_t {
+  uint8_t secret_key[CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN];
+} curve25519_secret_key_t;
+
+/** A paired public and private key for curve25519. **/
+typedef struct curve25519_keypair_t {
+  curve25519_public_key_t pubkey;
+  curve25519_secret_key_t seckey;
+} curve25519_keypair_t;
+
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+int curve25519_public_key_is_ok(const curve25519_public_key_t *);
+
+int curve25519_secret_key_generate(curve25519_secret_key_t *key_out,
+                                   int extra_strong);
+void curve25519_public_key_generate(curve25519_public_key_t *key_out,
+                                    const curve25519_secret_key_t *seckey);
+int curve25519_keypair_generate(curve25519_keypair_t *keypair_out,
+                                int extra_strong);
+
+void curve25519_handshake(uint8_t *output,
+                          const curve25519_secret_key_t *,
+                          const curve25519_public_key_t *);
+
+int curve25519_keypair_write_to_file(const curve25519_keypair_t *keypair,
+                                     const char *fname,
+                                     const char *tag);
+
+int curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(curve25519_keypair_t *keypair_out,
+                                      char **tag_out,
+                                      const char *fname);
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_CURVE25519_PRIVATE
+int curve25519_impl(uint8_t *output, const uint8_t *secret,
+                    const uint8_t *basepoint);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN 44
+
+int curve25519_public_from_base64(curve25519_public_key_t *pkey,
+                                  const char *input);
+int curve25519_public_to_base64(char *output,
+                                const curve25519_public_key_t *pkey);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/common/crypto_format.c b/src/common/crypto_format.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93932f839c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/crypto_format.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/* Formatting and parsing code for crypto-related data structures. */
+
+#define CRYPTO_CURVE25519_PRIVATE
+#include "orconfig.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
+#include "crypto.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "torlog.h"
+
+int
+curve25519_public_to_base64(char *output,
+                            const curve25519_public_key_t *pkey)
+{
+  char buf[128];
+  base64_encode(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                (const char*)pkey->public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  buf[CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN] = '\0';
+  memcpy(output, buf, CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN+1);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int
+curve25519_public_from_base64(curve25519_public_key_t *pkey,
+                              const char *input)
+{
+  size_t len = strlen(input);
+  if (len == CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN - 1) {
+    /* not padded */
+    return digest256_from_base64((char*)pkey->public_key, input);
+  } else if (len == CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN) {
+    char buf[128];
+    if (base64_decode(buf, sizeof(buf), input, len) != CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    memcpy(pkey->public_key, buf, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/common/di_ops.c b/src/common/di_ops.c
index 7683c59dee..14a1443400 100644
--- a/src/common/di_ops.c
+++ b/src/common/di_ops.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2011-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2011-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "di_ops.h"
+#include "torlog.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 /**
  * Timing-safe version of memcmp.  As memcmp, compare the <b>sz</b> bytes at
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ tor_memeq(const void *a, const void *b, size_t sz)
    *
    * If any_difference != 0:
    *            0 < any_difference < 256, so
-   *            0 < any_difference - 1 < 255
+   *            0 <= any_difference - 1 < 255
    *            (any_difference - 1) >> 8 == 0
    *            1 & ((any_difference - 1) >> 8) == 0
    */
@@ -131,3 +133,90 @@ tor_memeq(const void *a, const void *b, size_t sz)
   return 1 & ((any_difference - 1) >> 8);
 }
 
+/* Implement di_digest256_map_t as a linked list of entries. */
+struct di_digest256_map_t {
+  struct di_digest256_map_t *next;
+  uint8_t key[32];
+  void *val;
+};
+
+/** Release all storage held in <b>map</b>, calling free_fn on each value
+ * as we go. */
+void
+dimap_free(di_digest256_map_t *map, dimap_free_fn free_fn)
+{
+  while (map) {
+    di_digest256_map_t *victim = map;
+    map = map->next;
+    if (free_fn)
+      free_fn(victim->val);
+    tor_free(victim);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Adjust the map at *<b>map</b>, adding an entry for <b>key</b> ->
+ * <b>val</b>, where <b>key</b> is a DIGEST256_LEN-byte key.
+ *
+ * The caller MUST NOT add a key that already appears in the map.
+ */
+void
+dimap_add_entry(di_digest256_map_t **map,
+                const uint8_t *key, void *val)
+{
+  di_digest256_map_t *new_ent;
+  {
+    void *old_val = dimap_search(*map, key, NULL);
+    tor_assert(! old_val);
+    tor_assert(val);
+  }
+  new_ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(di_digest256_map_t));
+  new_ent->next = *map;
+  memcpy(new_ent->key, key, 32);
+  new_ent->val = val;
+  *map = new_ent;
+}
+
+/** Search the map at <b>map</b> for an entry whose key is <b>key</b> (a
+ * DIGEST256_LEN-byte key) returning the corresponding value if we found one,
+ * and returning <b>dflt_val</b> if the key wasn't found.
+ *
+ * This operation takes an amount of time dependent only on the length of
+ * <b>map</b>, not on the position or presence of <b>key</b> within <b>map</b>.
+ */
+void *
+dimap_search(const di_digest256_map_t *map, const uint8_t *key,
+             void *dflt_val)
+{
+  uintptr_t result = (uintptr_t)dflt_val;
+
+  while (map) {
+    uintptr_t r = (uintptr_t) tor_memeq(map->key, key, 32);
+    r -= 1; /* Now r is (uintptr_t)-1 if memeq returned false, and
+             * 0 if memeq returned true. */
+
+    result &= r;
+    result |= ((uintptr_t)(map->val)) & ~r;
+
+    map = map->next;
+  }
+
+  return (void *)result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return true iff the <b>sz</b> bytes at <b>mem</b> are all zero. Runs in
+ * time independent of the contents of <b>mem</b>.
+ */
+int
+safe_mem_is_zero(const void *mem, size_t sz)
+{
+  uint32_t total = 0;
+  const uint8_t *ptr = mem;
+
+  while (sz--) {
+    total |= *ptr++;
+  }
+
+  return 1 & ((total - 1) >> 8);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/common/di_ops.h b/src/common/di_ops.h
index 8f0bb698f9..d93534b69b 100644
--- a/src/common/di_ops.h
+++ b/src/common/di_ops.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -27,5 +27,21 @@ int tor_memeq(const void *a, const void *b, size_t sz);
 #define fast_memeq(a,b,c)  (0==memcmp((a),(b),(c)))
 #define fast_memneq(a,b,c) (0!=memcmp((a),(b),(c)))
 
+int safe_mem_is_zero(const void *mem, size_t sz);
+
+/** A type for a map from DIGEST256_LEN-byte blobs to void*, such that
+ * data lookups take an amount of time proportional only to the size
+ * of the map, and not to the position or presence of the item in the map.
+ *
+ * Not efficient for large maps! */
+typedef struct di_digest256_map_t di_digest256_map_t;
+typedef void (*dimap_free_fn)(void *);
+
+void dimap_free(di_digest256_map_t *map, dimap_free_fn free_fn);
+void dimap_add_entry(di_digest256_map_t **map,
+                     const uint8_t *key, void *val);
+void *dimap_search(const di_digest256_map_t *map, const uint8_t *key,
+                   void *dflt_val);
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/common/gen_server_ciphers.py b/src/common/gen_server_ciphers.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..97ed9d0469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/gen_server_ciphers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# Copyright 2014, The Tor Project, Inc
+# See LICENSE for licensing information
+
+# This script parses openssl headers to find ciphersuite names, determines
+# which ones we should be willing to use as a server, and sorts them according
+# to preference rules.
+#
+# Run it on all the files in your openssl include directory.
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+EPHEMERAL_INDICATORS = [ "_EDH_", "_DHE_", "_ECDHE_" ]
+BAD_STUFF = [ "_DES_40_", "MD5", "_RC4_", "_DES_64_",
+              "_SEED_", "_CAMELLIA_", "_NULL" ]
+
+# these never get #ifdeffed.
+MANDATORY = [
+    "TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA",
+    "TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA",
+    "SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA",
+]
+
+def find_ciphers(filename):
+    with open(filename) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            m = re.search(r'(?:SSL3|TLS1)_TXT_\w+', line)
+            if m:
+                yield m.group(0)
+
+def usable_cipher(ciph):
+    ephemeral = False
+    for e in EPHEMERAL_INDICATORS:
+        if e in ciph:
+            ephemeral = True
+    if not ephemeral:
+        return False
+
+    if "_RSA_" not in ciph:
+        return False
+
+    for b in BAD_STUFF:
+        if b in ciph:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+# All fields we sort on, in order of priority.
+FIELDS = [ 'cipher', 'fwsec', 'mode',  'digest', 'bitlength' ]
+# Map from sorted fields to recognized value in descending order of goodness
+FIELD_VALS = { 'cipher' : [ 'AES', 'DES'],
+               'fwsec' : [ 'ECDHE', 'DHE' ],
+               'mode' : [ 'GCM', 'CBC' ],
+               'digest' : [ 'SHA384', 'SHA256', 'SHA' ],
+               'bitlength' : [ '256', '128', '192' ],
+}
+
+class Ciphersuite(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, fwsec, cipher, bitlength, mode, digest):
+        self.name = name
+        self.fwsec = fwsec
+        self.cipher = cipher
+        self.bitlength = bitlength
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.digest = digest
+
+        for f in FIELDS:
+            assert(getattr(self, f) in FIELD_VALS[f])
+
+    def sort_key(self):
+        return tuple(FIELD_VALS[f].index(getattr(self,f)) for f in FIELDS)
+
+
+def parse_cipher(ciph):
+    m = re.match('(?:TLS1|SSL3)_TXT_(EDH|DHE|ECDHE)_RSA(?:_WITH)?_(AES|DES)_(256|128|192)(|_CBC|_CBC3|_GCM)_(SHA|SHA256|SHA384)$', ciph)
+
+    if not m:
+        print "/* Couldn't parse %s ! */"%ciph
+        return None
+
+    fwsec, cipher, bits, mode, digest = m.groups()
+    if fwsec == 'EDH':
+        fwsec = 'DHE'
+
+    if mode in [ '_CBC3', '_CBC', '' ]:
+        mode = 'CBC'
+    elif mode == '_GCM':
+        mode = 'GCM'
+
+    return Ciphersuite(ciph, fwsec, cipher, bits, mode, digest)
+
+ALL_CIPHERS = []
+
+for fname in sys.argv[1:]:
+    ALL_CIPHERS += (parse_cipher(c)
+                           for c in find_ciphers(fname)
+                           if usable_cipher(c) )
+
+ALL_CIPHERS.sort(key=Ciphersuite.sort_key)
+
+for c in ALL_CIPHERS:
+    if c is ALL_CIPHERS[-1]:
+        colon = ';'
+    else:
+        colon = ' ":"'
+
+    if c.name in MANDATORY:
+        print "       /* Required */"
+        print '       %s%s'%(c.name,colon)
+    else:
+        print "#ifdef %s"%c.name
+        print '       %s%s'%(c.name,colon)
+        print "#endif"
+
+
diff --git a/src/common/get_mozilla_ciphers.py b/src/common/get_mozilla_ciphers.py
index c7e9a84a0e..0636eb3658 100644
--- a/src/common/get_mozilla_ciphers.py
+++ b/src/common/get_mozilla_ciphers.py
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ fileA = open(ff('security/manager/ssl/src/nsNSSComponent.cpp'),'r')
 inCipherSection = False
 cipherLines = []
 for line in fileA:
-    if line.startswith('static CipherPref CipherPrefs'):
+    if line.startswith('static const CipherPref sCipherPrefs[]'):
         # Get the starting boundary of the Cipher Preferences
         inCipherSection = True
     elif inCipherSection:
         line = line.strip()
-        if line.startswith('{NULL, 0}'):
+        if line.startswith('{ nullptr, 0}'):
             # At the ending boundary of the Cipher Prefs
             break
         else:
@@ -56,12 +56,30 @@ fileA.close()
 # Parse the lines and put them into a dict
 ciphers = {}
 cipher_pref = {}
+key_pending = None
 for line in cipherLines:
-    m = re.search(r'^{\s*\"([^\"]+)\",\s*(\S*)\s*}', line)
+    m = re.search(r'^{\s*\"([^\"]+)\",\s*(\S+)\s*(?:,\s*(true|false))?\s*}', line)
     if m:
-        key,value = m.groups()
-        ciphers[key] = value
-        cipher_pref[value] = key
+        assert not key_pending
+        key,value,enabled = m.groups()
+        if enabled == 'true':
+            ciphers[key] = value
+            cipher_pref[value] = key
+        continue
+    m = re.search(r'^{\s*\"([^\"]+)\",', line)
+    if m:
+        assert not key_pending
+        key_pending = m.group(1)
+        continue
+    m = re.search(r'^\s*(\S+)(?:,\s*(true|false))?\s*}', line)
+    if m:
+        assert key_pending
+        key = key_pending
+        value,enabled = m.groups()
+        key_pending = None
+        if enabled == 'true':
+            ciphers[key] = value
+            cipher_pref[value] = key
 
 ####
 # Now find the correct order for the ciphers
diff --git a/src/common/include.am b/src/common/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b796ebfae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+noinst_LIBRARIES+= src/common/libor.a src/common/libor-crypto.a src/common/libor-event.a
+
+EXTRA_DIST+= \
+  src/common/common_sha1.i	\
+  src/common/Makefile.nmake
+
+#CFLAGS  = -Wall -Wpointer-arith -O2
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -I$(srcdir)/src/common -Isrc/common
+
+if USE_OPENBSD_MALLOC
+libor_extra_source=src/ext/OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c
+else
+libor_extra_source=
+endif
+
+if BUILD_CURVE25519_DONNA
+src_common_libcurve25519_donna_a_SOURCES=\
+	src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna.c
+noinst_LIBRARIES+=src/common/libcurve25519_donna.a
+LIBDONNA=src/common/libcurve25519_donna.a
+else
+if BUILD_CURVE25519_DONNA_C64
+src_common_libcurve25519_donna_a_SOURCES=\
+	src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna-c64.c
+noinst_LIBRARIES+=src/common/libcurve25519_donna.a
+LIBDONNA=src/common/libcurve25519_donna.a
+else
+LIBDONNA=
+endif
+endif
+
+src_common_libcurve25519_donna_a_CFLAGS =
+
+if CURVE25519_ENABLED
+libcrypto_extra_source=src/common/crypto_curve25519.c
+endif
+
+src_common_libor_a_SOURCES = \
+  src/common/address.c					\
+  src/common/compat.c					\
+  src/common/container.c				\
+  src/common/di_ops.c					\
+  src/common/log.c					\
+  src/common/memarea.c					\
+  src/common/mempool.c					\
+  src/common/procmon.c					\
+  src/common/util.c					\
+  src/common/util_codedigest.c				\
+  $(libor_extra_source)
+
+src_common_libor_crypto_a_SOURCES = \
+  src/common/aes.c		\
+  src/common/crypto.c		\
+  src/common/crypto_format.c	\
+  src/common/torgzip.c		\
+  src/common/tortls.c		\
+  $(libcrypto_extra_source)
+
+src_common_libor_event_a_SOURCES = src/common/compat_libevent.c
+
+COMMONHEADERS = \
+  src/common/address.h				\
+  src/common/aes.h				\
+  src/common/ciphers.inc			\
+  src/common/compat.h				\
+  src/common/compat_libevent.h			\
+  src/common/container.h			\
+  src/common/crypto.h				\
+  src/common/crypto_curve25519.h		\
+  src/common/di_ops.h				\
+  src/common/memarea.h				\
+  src/common/mempool.h				\
+  src/common/procmon.h				\
+  src/common/torgzip.h				\
+  src/common/torint.h				\
+  src/common/torlog.h				\
+  src/common/tortls.h				\
+  src/common/util.h
+
+noinst_HEADERS+= $(COMMONHEADERS)
+
+DISTCLEANFILES+= src/common/common_sha1.i
+
+src/common/common_sha1.i: $(libor_SOURCES) $(libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(COMMONHEADERS)
+	$(AM_V_GEN)if test "@SHA1SUM@" != none; then \
+	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@SHA1SUM@" $(src_common_libor_SOURCES) $(src_common_libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(COMMONHEADERS)) | "@SED@" -n 's/^\(.*\)$$/"\1\\n"/p' > $@; \
+	elif test "@OPENSSL@" != none; then \
+	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@OPENSSL@" sha1 $(src_common_libor_SOURCES) $(src_Common_libor_crypto_a_SOURCES) $(COMMONHEADERS)) | "@SED@" -n 's/SHA1(\(.*\))= \(.*\)/"\2  \1\\n"/p' > $@; \
+	else \
+	  rm $@; \
+	  touch $@; \
+	fi
+
+src/common/util_codedigest.o: src/common/common_sha1.i
+
diff --git a/src/common/log.c b/src/common/log.c
index 5e2e6b5b50..e196a11287 100644
--- a/src/common/log.c
+++ b/src/common/log.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001, Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static smartlist_t *pending_cb_messages = NULL;
 
 /** What's the lowest log level anybody cares about?  Checking this lets us
  * bail out early from log_debug if we aren't debugging.  */
-int _log_global_min_severity = LOG_NOTICE;
+int log_global_min_severity_ = LOG_NOTICE;
 
 static void delete_log(logfile_t *victim);
 static void close_log(logfile_t *victim);
@@ -140,11 +140,12 @@ static char *domain_to_string(log_domain_mask_t domain,
                              char *buf, size_t buflen);
 static INLINE char *format_msg(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
            log_domain_mask_t domain, int severity, const char *funcname,
+           const char *suffix,
            const char *format, va_list ap, size_t *msg_len_out)
-  CHECK_PRINTF(6,0);
+  CHECK_PRINTF(7,0);
 static void logv(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *funcname,
-                 const char *format, va_list ap)
-  CHECK_PRINTF(4,0);
+                 const char *suffix, const char *format, va_list ap)
+  CHECK_PRINTF(5,0);
 
 /** Name of the application: used to generate the message we write at the
  * start of each new log. */
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ set_log_time_granularity(int granularity_msec)
  * <b>buf_len</b> character buffer in <b>buf</b>.
  */
 static INLINE size_t
-_log_prefix(char *buf, size_t buf_len, int severity)
+log_prefix_(char *buf, size_t buf_len, int severity)
 {
   time_t t;
   struct timeval now;
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ log_tor_version(logfile_t *lf, int reset)
     /* We are resetting, but we aren't at the start of the file; no
      * need to log again. */
     return 0;
-  n = _log_prefix(buf, sizeof(buf), LOG_NOTICE);
+  n = log_prefix_(buf, sizeof(buf), LOG_NOTICE);
   if (appname) {
     tor_snprintf(buf+n, sizeof(buf)-n,
                  "%s opening %slog file.\n", appname, is_new?"new ":"");
@@ -251,6 +252,7 @@ log_tor_version(logfile_t *lf, int reset)
 static INLINE char *
 format_msg(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
            log_domain_mask_t domain, int severity, const char *funcname,
+           const char *suffix,
            const char *format, va_list ap, size_t *msg_len_out)
 {
   size_t n;
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ format_msg(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
   buf_len -= 2; /* subtract 2 characters so we have room for \n\0 */
   buf_end = buf+buf_len; /* point *after* the last char we can write to */
 
-  n = _log_prefix(buf, buf_len, severity);
+  n = log_prefix_(buf, buf_len, severity);
   end_of_prefix = buf+n;
 
   if (log_domains_are_logged) {
@@ -312,6 +314,13 @@ format_msg(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
     n = buf_len;
   } else {
     n += r;
+    if (suffix) {
+      size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
+      if (buf_len-n >= suffix_len) {
+        memcpy(buf+n, suffix, suffix_len);
+        n += suffix_len;
+      }
+    }
   }
   buf[n]='\n';
   buf[n+1]='\0';
@@ -325,7 +334,7 @@ format_msg(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
  */
 static void
 logv(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *funcname,
-     const char *format, va_list ap)
+     const char *suffix, const char *format, va_list ap)
 {
   char buf[10024];
   size_t msg_len = 0;
@@ -361,8 +370,8 @@ logv(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *funcname,
 
     if (!formatted) {
       end_of_prefix =
-        format_msg(buf, sizeof(buf), domain, severity, funcname, format, ap,
-                   &msg_len);
+        format_msg(buf, sizeof(buf), domain, severity, funcname, suffix,
+                   format, ap, &msg_len);
       formatted = 1;
     }
 
@@ -423,10 +432,10 @@ void
 tor_log(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (severity > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (severity > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(severity, domain, NULL, format, ap);
+  logv(severity, domain, NULL, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
 }
 
@@ -436,89 +445,121 @@ tor_log(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
  * variadic macros. All arguments are as for log_fn, except for
  * <b>fn</b>, which is the name of the calling functions. */
 void
-_log_fn(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *fn,
+log_fn_(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *fn,
         const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (severity > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (severity > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(severity, domain, fn, format, ap);
+  logv(severity, domain, fn, NULL, format, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+void
+log_fn_ratelim_(ratelim_t *ratelim, int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain,
+                const char *fn, const char *format, ...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  char *m;
+  if (severity > log_global_min_severity_)
+    return;
+  m = rate_limit_log(ratelim, approx_time());
+  if (m == NULL)
+      return;
+  va_start(ap, format);
+  logv(severity, domain, fn, m, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
+  tor_free(m);
 }
 #else
 /** @{ */
 /** Variant implementation of log_fn, log_debug, log_info,... for C compilers
  * without variadic macros.  In this case, the calling function sets
- * _log_fn_function_name to the name of the function, then invokes the
- * appropriate _log_fn, _log_debug, etc. */
-const char *_log_fn_function_name=NULL;
+ * log_fn_function_name_ to the name of the function, then invokes the
+ * appropriate log_fn_, log_debug_, etc. */
+const char *log_fn_function_name_=NULL;
 void
-_log_fn(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_fn_(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (severity > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (severity > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(severity, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(severity, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 void
-_log_debug(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_fn_ratelim_(ratelim_t *ratelim, int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain,
+                const char *format, ...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  char *m;
+  if (severity > log_global_min_severity_)
+    return;
+  m = rate_limit_log(ratelim, approx_time());
+  if (m == NULL)
+      return;
+  va_start(ap, format);
+  logv(severity, domain, log_fn_function_name_, m, format, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  tor_free(m);
+}
+void
+log_debug_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
   /* For GCC we do this check in the macro. */
-  if (PREDICT_LIKELY(LOG_DEBUG > _log_global_min_severity))
+  if (PREDICT_LIKELY(LOG_DEBUG > log_global_min_severity_))
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(LOG_DEBUG, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(LOG_DEBUG, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 void
-_log_info(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_info_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (LOG_INFO > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (LOG_INFO > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(LOG_INFO, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(LOG_INFO, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 void
-_log_notice(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_notice_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (LOG_NOTICE > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (LOG_NOTICE > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(LOG_NOTICE, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(LOG_NOTICE, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 void
-_log_warn(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_warn_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (LOG_WARN > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (LOG_WARN > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(LOG_WARN, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(LOG_WARN, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 void
-_log_err(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
+log_err_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list ap;
-  if (LOG_ERR > _log_global_min_severity)
+  if (LOG_ERR > log_global_min_severity_)
     return;
   va_start(ap,format);
-  logv(LOG_ERR, domain, _log_fn_function_name, format, ap);
+  logv(LOG_ERR, domain, log_fn_function_name_, NULL, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
-  _log_fn_function_name = NULL;
+  log_fn_function_name_ = NULL;
 }
 /** @} */
 #endif
@@ -638,7 +679,7 @@ add_stream_log_impl(const log_severity_list_t *severity,
   lf->next = logfiles;
 
   logfiles = lf;
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
 }
 
 /** Add a log handler named <b>name</b> to send all messages in <b>severity</b>
@@ -706,7 +747,7 @@ add_callback_log(const log_severity_list_t *severity, log_callback cb)
 
   LOCK_LOGS();
   logfiles = lf;
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
   UNLOCK_LOGS();
   return 0;
 }
@@ -726,7 +767,7 @@ change_callback_log_severity(int loglevelMin, int loglevelMax,
       memcpy(lf->severities, &severities, sizeof(severities));
     }
   }
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
   UNLOCK_LOGS();
 }
 
@@ -792,7 +833,7 @@ close_temp_logs(void)
     }
   }
 
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
   UNLOCK_LOGS();
 }
 
@@ -833,14 +874,16 @@ add_file_log(const log_severity_list_t *severity, const char *filename)
   fd = tor_open_cloexec(filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0644);
   if (fd<0)
     return -1;
-  if (tor_fd_seekend(fd)<0)
+  if (tor_fd_seekend(fd)<0) {
+    close(fd);
     return -1;
+  }
 
   LOCK_LOGS();
   add_stream_log_impl(severity, filename, fd);
   logfiles->needs_close = 1;
   lf = logfiles;
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
 
   if (log_tor_version(lf, 0) < 0) {
     delete_log(lf);
@@ -871,7 +914,7 @@ add_syslog_log(const log_severity_list_t *severity)
   LOCK_LOGS();
   lf->next = logfiles;
   logfiles = lf;
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
   UNLOCK_LOGS();
   return 0;
 }
@@ -907,7 +950,7 @@ log_level_to_string(int level)
 static const char *domain_list[] = {
   "GENERAL", "CRYPTO", "NET", "CONFIG", "FS", "PROTOCOL", "MM",
   "HTTP", "APP", "CONTROL", "CIRC", "REND", "BUG", "DIR", "DIRSERV",
-  "OR", "EDGE", "ACCT", "HIST", "HANDSHAKE", "HEARTBEAT", NULL
+  "OR", "EDGE", "ACCT", "HIST", "HANDSHAKE", "HEARTBEAT", "CHANNEL", NULL
 };
 
 /** Return a bitmask for the log domain for which <b>domain</b> is the name,
@@ -1106,7 +1149,7 @@ switch_logs_debug(void)
     for (i = LOG_DEBUG; i >= LOG_ERR; --i)
       lf->severities->masks[SEVERITY_MASK_IDX(i)] = ~0u;
   }
-  _log_global_min_severity = get_min_log_level();
+  log_global_min_severity_ = get_min_log_level();
   UNLOCK_LOGS();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/common/memarea.c b/src/common/memarea.c
index 07bd593cc9..0ae0ccca1d 100644
--- a/src/common/memarea.c
+++ b/src/common/memarea.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2008-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2008-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /** \file memarea.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ typedef struct memarea_chunk_t {
                    * full. */
   union {
     char mem[1]; /**< Memory space in this chunk.  */
-    void *_void_for_alignment; /**< Dummy; used to make sure mem is aligned. */
+    void *void_for_alignment_; /**< Dummy; used to make sure mem is aligned. */
   } u;
 } memarea_chunk_t;
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ alloc_chunk(size_t sz, int freelist_ok)
     size_t chunk_size = freelist_ok ? CHUNK_SIZE : sz;
     memarea_chunk_t *res;
     chunk_size += SENTINEL_LEN;
-    res = tor_malloc_roundup(&chunk_size);
+    res = tor_malloc(chunk_size);
     res->next_chunk = NULL;
     res->mem_size = chunk_size - CHUNK_HEADER_SIZE - SENTINEL_LEN;
     res->next_mem = res->u.mem;
diff --git a/src/common/memarea.h b/src/common/memarea.h
index b3c76d8d0c..8b88585d35 100644
--- a/src/common/memarea.h
+++ b/src/common/memarea.h
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2008-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2008-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 /* Tor dependencies */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_MEMAREA_H
-#define _TOR_MEMAREA_H
+#ifndef TOR_MEMAREA_H
+#define TOR_MEMAREA_H
 
 typedef struct memarea_t memarea_t;
 
diff --git a/src/common/mempool.c b/src/common/mempool.c
index 637f081c88..4389888760 100644
--- a/src/common/mempool.c
+++ b/src/common/mempool.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 #if 1
 /* Tor dependencies */
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
 #define ASSERT(x) tor_assert(x)
 #undef ALLOC_CAN_RETURN_NULL
 #define TOR
-//#define ALLOC_ROUNDUP(p) tor_malloc_roundup(p)
 /* End Tor dependencies */
 #else
 /* If you're not building this as part of Tor, you'll want to define the
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ struct mp_allocated_t {
      * (Not actual size.) */
     char mem[1];
     /** An extra element to the union to insure correct alignment. */
-    ALIGNMENT_TYPE _dummy;
+    ALIGNMENT_TYPE dummy_;
   } u;
 };
 
@@ -166,25 +165,16 @@ static mp_chunk_t *
 mp_chunk_new(mp_pool_t *pool)
 {
   size_t sz = pool->new_chunk_capacity * pool->item_alloc_size;
-#ifdef ALLOC_ROUNDUP
-  size_t alloc_size = CHUNK_OVERHEAD + sz;
-  mp_chunk_t *chunk = ALLOC_ROUNDUP(&alloc_size);
-#else
   mp_chunk_t *chunk = ALLOC(CHUNK_OVERHEAD + sz);
-#endif
+
 #ifdef MEMPOOL_STATS
   ++pool->total_chunks_allocated;
 #endif
   CHECK_ALLOC(chunk);
   memset(chunk, 0, sizeof(mp_chunk_t)); /* Doesn't clear the whole thing. */
   chunk->magic = MP_CHUNK_MAGIC;
-#ifdef ALLOC_ROUNDUP
-  chunk->mem_size = alloc_size - CHUNK_OVERHEAD;
-  chunk->capacity = chunk->mem_size / pool->item_alloc_size;
-#else
   chunk->capacity = pool->new_chunk_capacity;
   chunk->mem_size = sz;
-#endif
   chunk->next_mem = chunk->mem;
   chunk->pool = pool;
   return chunk;
diff --git a/src/common/mempool.h b/src/common/mempool.h
index bc424acdeb..0fc1e4c676 100644
--- a/src/common/mempool.h
+++ b/src/common/mempool.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
  * \brief Headers for mempool.c
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_MEMPOOL_H
-#define _TOR_MEMPOOL_H
+#ifndef TOR_MEMPOOL_H
+#define TOR_MEMPOOL_H
 
 /** A memory pool is a context in which a large number of fixed-sized
 * objects can be allocated efficiently.  See mempool.c for implementation
diff --git a/src/common/procmon.c b/src/common/procmon.c
index 36b1a48553..0a49689e3a 100644
--- a/src/common/procmon.c
+++ b/src/common/procmon.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2011-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2011-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -25,9 +25,21 @@
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
+#endif
 
-/* Windows does not define pid_t, but _getpid() returns an int. */
+#if (0 == SIZEOF_PID_T) && defined(_WIN32)
+/* Windows does not define pid_t sometimes, but _getpid() returns an int.
+ * Everybody else needs to have a pid_t. */
 typedef int pid_t;
+#define PID_T_FORMAT "%d"
+#elif (SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_INT) || (SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_SHORT)
+#define PID_T_FORMAT "%d"
+#elif (SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_LONG)
+#define PID_T_FORMAT "%ld"
+#elif (SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_INT64_T)
+#define PID_T_FORMAT I64_FORMAT
+#else
+#error Unknown: SIZEOF_PID_T
 #endif
 
 /* Define to 1 if process-termination monitors on this OS and Libevent
@@ -204,15 +216,17 @@ tor_process_monitor_new(struct event_base *base,
 
   if (procmon->hproc != NULL) {
     procmon->poll_hproc = 1;
-    log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Successfully opened handle to process %d; "
+    log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Successfully opened handle to process "
+             PID_T_FORMAT"; "
              "monitoring it.",
-             (int)(procmon->pid));
+             procmon->pid);
   } else {
     /* If we couldn't get a handle to the process, we'll try again the
      * first time we poll. */
-    log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Failed to open handle to process %d; will "
+    log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Failed to open handle to process "
+             PID_T_FORMAT"; will "
              "try again later.",
-             (int)(procmon->pid));
+             procmon->pid);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -257,7 +271,8 @@ tor_process_monitor_poll_cb(evutil_socket_t unused1, short unused2,
     if (!GetExitCodeProcess(procmon->hproc, &exit_code)) {
       char *errmsg = format_win32_error(GetLastError());
       log_warn(procmon->log_domain, "Error \"%s\" occurred while polling "
-               "handle for monitored process %d; assuming it's dead.",
+               "handle for monitored process "PID_T_FORMAT"; assuming "
+               "it's dead.",
                errmsg, procmon->pid);
       tor_free(errmsg);
       its_dead_jim = 1;
@@ -273,7 +288,7 @@ tor_process_monitor_poll_cb(evutil_socket_t unused1, short unused2,
 
     if (procmon->hproc != NULL) {
       log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Successfully opened handle to monitored "
-               "process %d.",
+               "process "PID_T_FORMAT".",
                procmon->pid);
       its_dead_jim = 0;
       procmon->poll_hproc = 1;
@@ -292,8 +307,8 @@ tor_process_monitor_poll_cb(evutil_socket_t unused1, short unused2,
 
       if (!its_dead_jim)
         log_info(procmon->log_domain, "Failed to open handle to monitored "
-                 "process %d, and error code %lu (%s) is not 'invalid "
-                 "parameter' -- assuming the process is still alive.",
+                 "process "PID_T_FORMAT", and error code %lu (%s) is not "
+                 "'invalid parameter' -- assuming the process is still alive.",
                  procmon->pid,
                  err_code, errmsg);
 
@@ -306,9 +321,9 @@ tor_process_monitor_poll_cb(evutil_socket_t unused1, short unused2,
   its_dead_jim = its_dead_jim && (errno == ESRCH);
 #endif
 
-  log(its_dead_jim ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO,
-      procmon->log_domain, "Monitored process %d is %s.",
-      (int)procmon->pid,
+  tor_log(its_dead_jim ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO,
+      procmon->log_domain, "Monitored process "PID_T_FORMAT" is %s.",
+      procmon->pid,
       its_dead_jim ? "dead" : "still alive");
 
   if (its_dead_jim) {
diff --git a/src/common/procmon.h b/src/common/procmon.h
index 88d64d6a15..b9388e2e90 100644
--- a/src/common/procmon.h
+++ b/src/common/procmon.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2011-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2011-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/common/sha256.c b/src/common/sha256.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 813c68d2a3..0000000000
--- a/src/common/sha256.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2009-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
-/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
-/* This SHA256 implementation is adapted from the public domain one in
-   LibTomCrypt, version 1.6.  Tor uses it on platforms where OpenSSL doesn't
-   have a SHA256. */
-
-
-typedef struct sha256_state {
-    uint64_t length;
-    uint32_t state[8], curlen;
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-} sha256_state;
-
-#define CRYPT_OK 0
-#define CRYPT_NOP -1
-#define CRYPT_INVALID_ARG -2
-
-#define LOAD32H(x,y) STMT_BEGIN x = ntohl(get_uint32((const char*)y)); STMT_END
-#define STORE32H(x,y) STMT_BEGIN set_uint32((char*)y, htonl(x)); STMT_END
-#define STORE64H(x,y) STMT_BEGIN                                \
-  set_uint32((char*)y, htonl((uint32_t)((x)>>32)));             \
-  set_uint32(((char*)y)+4, htonl((uint32_t)((x)&0xffffffff)));  \
-  STMT_END
-#define RORc(x, y) ( ((((unsigned long)(x)&0xFFFFFFFFUL)>>(unsigned long)((y)&31)) | ((unsigned long)(x)<<(unsigned long)(32-((y)&31)))) & 0xFFFFFFFFUL)
-#ifndef MIN
-   #define MIN(x, y) ( ((x)<(y))?(x):(y) )
-#endif
-
-
-/* LibTomCrypt, modular cryptographic library -- Tom St Denis
- *
- * LibTomCrypt is a library that provides various cryptographic
- * algorithms in a highly modular and flexible manner.
- *
- * The library is free for all purposes without any express
- * guarantee it works.
- *
- * Tom St Denis, tomstdenis@gmail.com, http://libtomcrypt.com
- */
-
-/**
-  @file sha256.c
-  SHA256 by Tom St Denis
-*/
-
-
-#ifdef LTC_SMALL_CODE
-/* the K array */
-static const uint32_t K[64] = {
-    0x428a2f98UL, 0x71374491UL, 0xb5c0fbcfUL, 0xe9b5dba5UL, 0x3956c25bUL,
-    0x59f111f1UL, 0x923f82a4UL, 0xab1c5ed5UL, 0xd807aa98UL, 0x12835b01UL,
-    0x243185beUL, 0x550c7dc3UL, 0x72be5d74UL, 0x80deb1feUL, 0x9bdc06a7UL,
-    0xc19bf174UL, 0xe49b69c1UL, 0xefbe4786UL, 0x0fc19dc6UL, 0x240ca1ccUL,
-    0x2de92c6fUL, 0x4a7484aaUL, 0x5cb0a9dcUL, 0x76f988daUL, 0x983e5152UL,
-    0xa831c66dUL, 0xb00327c8UL, 0xbf597fc7UL, 0xc6e00bf3UL, 0xd5a79147UL,
-    0x06ca6351UL, 0x14292967UL, 0x27b70a85UL, 0x2e1b2138UL, 0x4d2c6dfcUL,
-    0x53380d13UL, 0x650a7354UL, 0x766a0abbUL, 0x81c2c92eUL, 0x92722c85UL,
-    0xa2bfe8a1UL, 0xa81a664bUL, 0xc24b8b70UL, 0xc76c51a3UL, 0xd192e819UL,
-    0xd6990624UL, 0xf40e3585UL, 0x106aa070UL, 0x19a4c116UL, 0x1e376c08UL,
-    0x2748774cUL, 0x34b0bcb5UL, 0x391c0cb3UL, 0x4ed8aa4aUL, 0x5b9cca4fUL,
-    0x682e6ff3UL, 0x748f82eeUL, 0x78a5636fUL, 0x84c87814UL, 0x8cc70208UL,
-    0x90befffaUL, 0xa4506cebUL, 0xbef9a3f7UL, 0xc67178f2UL
-};
-#endif
-
-/* Various logical functions */
-#define Ch(x,y,z)       (z ^ (x & (y ^ z)))
-#define Maj(x,y,z)      (((x | y) & z) | (x & y))
-#define S(x, n)         RORc((x),(n))
-#define R(x, n)         (((x)&0xFFFFFFFFUL)>>(n))
-#define Sigma0(x)       (S(x, 2) ^ S(x, 13) ^ S(x, 22))
-#define Sigma1(x)       (S(x, 6) ^ S(x, 11) ^ S(x, 25))
-#define Gamma0(x)       (S(x, 7) ^ S(x, 18) ^ R(x, 3))
-#define Gamma1(x)       (S(x, 17) ^ S(x, 19) ^ R(x, 10))
-
-/* compress 512-bits */
-#ifdef LTC_CLEAN_STACK
-static int _sha256_compress(sha256_state * md, unsigned char *buf)
-#else
-static int  sha256_compress(sha256_state * md, unsigned char *buf)
-#endif
-{
-    uint32_t S[8], W[64], t0, t1;
-#ifdef LTC_SMALL_CODE
-    uint32_t t;
-#endif
-    int i;
-
-    /* copy state into S */
-    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        S[i] = md->state[i];
-    }
-
-    /* copy the state into 512-bits into W[0..15] */
-    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-        LOAD32H(W[i], buf + (4*i));
-    }
-
-    /* fill W[16..63] */
-    for (i = 16; i < 64; i++) {
-        W[i] = Gamma1(W[i - 2]) + W[i - 7] + Gamma0(W[i - 15]) + W[i - 16];
-    }
-
-    /* Compress */
-#ifdef LTC_SMALL_CODE
-#define RND(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i)                         \
-     t0 = h + Sigma1(e) + Ch(e, f, g) + K[i] + W[i];   \
-     t1 = Sigma0(a) + Maj(a, b, c);                    \
-     d += t0;                                          \
-     h  = t0 + t1;
-
-     for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
-         RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],i);
-         t = S[7]; S[7] = S[6]; S[6] = S[5]; S[5] = S[4];
-         S[4] = S[3]; S[3] = S[2]; S[2] = S[1]; S[1] = S[0]; S[0] = t;
-     }
-#else
-#define RND(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,ki)                    \
-     t0 = h + Sigma1(e) + Ch(e, f, g) + ki + W[i];   \
-     t1 = Sigma0(a) + Maj(a, b, c);                  \
-     d += t0;                                        \
-     h  = t0 + t1;
-
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],0,0x428a2f98);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],1,0x71374491);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],2,0xb5c0fbcf);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],3,0xe9b5dba5);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],4,0x3956c25b);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],5,0x59f111f1);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],6,0x923f82a4);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],7,0xab1c5ed5);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],8,0xd807aa98);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],9,0x12835b01);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],10,0x243185be);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],11,0x550c7dc3);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],12,0x72be5d74);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],13,0x80deb1fe);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],14,0x9bdc06a7);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],15,0xc19bf174);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],16,0xe49b69c1);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],17,0xefbe4786);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],18,0x0fc19dc6);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],19,0x240ca1cc);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],20,0x2de92c6f);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],21,0x4a7484aa);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],22,0x5cb0a9dc);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],23,0x76f988da);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],24,0x983e5152);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],25,0xa831c66d);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],26,0xb00327c8);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],27,0xbf597fc7);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],28,0xc6e00bf3);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],29,0xd5a79147);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],30,0x06ca6351);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],31,0x14292967);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],32,0x27b70a85);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],33,0x2e1b2138);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],34,0x4d2c6dfc);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],35,0x53380d13);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],36,0x650a7354);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],37,0x766a0abb);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],38,0x81c2c92e);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],39,0x92722c85);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],40,0xa2bfe8a1);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],41,0xa81a664b);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],42,0xc24b8b70);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],43,0xc76c51a3);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],44,0xd192e819);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],45,0xd6990624);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],46,0xf40e3585);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],47,0x106aa070);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],48,0x19a4c116);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],49,0x1e376c08);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],50,0x2748774c);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],51,0x34b0bcb5);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],52,0x391c0cb3);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],53,0x4ed8aa4a);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],54,0x5b9cca4f);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],55,0x682e6ff3);
-    RND(S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],56,0x748f82ee);
-    RND(S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],57,0x78a5636f);
-    RND(S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],58,0x84c87814);
-    RND(S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],59,0x8cc70208);
-    RND(S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],S[3],60,0x90befffa);
-    RND(S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],S[2],61,0xa4506ceb);
-    RND(S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],S[1],62,0xbef9a3f7);
-    RND(S[1],S[2],S[3],S[4],S[5],S[6],S[7],S[0],63,0xc67178f2);
-
-#undef RND
-
-#endif
-
-    /* feedback */
-    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        md->state[i] = md->state[i] + S[i];
-    }
-    return CRYPT_OK;
-}
-
-#ifdef LTC_CLEAN_STACK
-static int sha256_compress(sha256_state * md, unsigned char *buf)
-{
-    int err;
-    err = _sha256_compress(md, buf);
-    burn_stack(sizeof(uint32_t) * 74);
-    return err;
-}
-#endif
-
-/**
-   Initialize the hash state
-   @param md   The hash state you wish to initialize
-   @return CRYPT_OK if successful
-*/
-static int sha256_init(sha256_state * md)
-{
-    LTC_ARGCHK(md != NULL);
-
-    md->curlen = 0;
-    md->length = 0;
-    md->state[0] = 0x6A09E667UL;
-    md->state[1] = 0xBB67AE85UL;
-    md->state[2] = 0x3C6EF372UL;
-    md->state[3] = 0xA54FF53AUL;
-    md->state[4] = 0x510E527FUL;
-    md->state[5] = 0x9B05688CUL;
-    md->state[6] = 0x1F83D9ABUL;
-    md->state[7] = 0x5BE0CD19UL;
-    return CRYPT_OK;
-}
-
-/**
-   Process a block of memory though the hash
-   @param md     The hash state
-   @param in     The data to hash
-   @param inlen  The length of the data (octets)
-   @return CRYPT_OK if successful
-*/
-static int sha256_process (sha256_state * md, const unsigned char *in, unsigned long inlen)
-{
-    unsigned long n;
-    int           err;
-    LTC_ARGCHK(md != NULL);
-    LTC_ARGCHK(in != NULL);
-    if (md->curlen > sizeof(md->buf)) {
-       return CRYPT_INVALID_ARG;
-    }
-    while (inlen > 0) {
-        if (md->curlen == 0 && inlen >= 64) {
-           if ((err = sha256_compress (md, (unsigned char *)in)) != CRYPT_OK) {
-              return err;
-           }
-           md->length += 64 * 8;
-           in             += 64;
-           inlen          -= 64;
-        } else {
-           n = MIN(inlen, (64 - md->curlen));
-           memcpy(md->buf + md->curlen, in, (size_t)n);
-           md->curlen += n;
-           in             += n;
-           inlen          -= n;
-           if (md->curlen == 64) {
-              if ((err = sha256_compress (md, md->buf)) != CRYPT_OK) {
-                 return err;
-              }
-              md->length += 8*64;
-              md->curlen = 0;
-           }
-       }
-    }
-    return CRYPT_OK;
-}
-
-/**
-   Terminate the hash to get the digest
-   @param md  The hash state
-   @param out [out] The destination of the hash (32 bytes)
-   @return CRYPT_OK if successful
-*/
-static int sha256_done(sha256_state * md, unsigned char *out)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    LTC_ARGCHK(md  != NULL);
-    LTC_ARGCHK(out != NULL);
-
-    if (md->curlen >= sizeof(md->buf)) {
-       return CRYPT_INVALID_ARG;
-    }
-
-
-    /* increase the length of the message */
-    md->length += md->curlen * 8;
-
-    /* append the '1' bit */
-    md->buf[md->curlen++] = (unsigned char)0x80;
-
-    /* if the length is currently above 56 bytes we append zeros
-     * then compress.  Then we can fall back to padding zeros and length
-     * encoding like normal.
-     */
-    if (md->curlen > 56) {
-        while (md->curlen < 64) {
-            md->buf[md->curlen++] = (unsigned char)0;
-        }
-        sha256_compress(md, md->buf);
-        md->curlen = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* pad upto 56 bytes of zeroes */
-    while (md->curlen < 56) {
-        md->buf[md->curlen++] = (unsigned char)0;
-    }
-
-    /* store length */
-    STORE64H(md->length, md->buf+56);
-    sha256_compress(md, md->buf);
-
-    /* copy output */
-    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        STORE32H(md->state[i], out+(4*i));
-    }
-#ifdef LTC_CLEAN_STACK
-    zeromem(md, sizeof(sha256_state));
-#endif
-    return CRYPT_OK;
-}
-
-/* $Source: /cvs/libtom/libtomcrypt/src/hashes/sha2/sha256.c,v $ */
-/* $Revision: 1.9 $ */
-/* $Date: 2006/11/01 09:28:17 $ */
diff --git a/src/common/torgzip.c b/src/common/torgzip.c
index da4136228e..4328c63c8b 100644
--- a/src/common/torgzip.c
+++ b/src/common/torgzip.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/common/torgzip.h b/src/common/torgzip.h
index d3ded81f9c..be1016445b 100644
--- a/src/common/torgzip.h
+++ b/src/common/torgzip.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  * \brief Headers for torgzip.h
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_TORGZIP_H
-#define _TOR_TORGZIP_H
+#ifndef TOR_TORGZIP_H
+#define TOR_TORGZIP_H
 
 /** Enumeration of what kind of compression to use.  Only ZLIB_METHOD is
  * guaranteed to be supported by the compress/uncompress functions here;
diff --git a/src/common/torint.h b/src/common/torint.h
index 8771802d70..a993d7649a 100644
--- a/src/common/torint.h
+++ b/src/common/torint.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  * \brief Header file to define uint32_t and friends
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_TORINT_H
-#define _TOR_TORINT_H
+#ifndef TOR_TORINT_H
+#define TOR_TORINT_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 
@@ -214,16 +214,20 @@ typedef int32_t ssize_t;
 #if (SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4 && SIZEOF_VOID_P <= 8)
 #ifndef HAVE_INTPTR_T
 typedef int64_t intptr_t;
+#define SIZEOF_INTPTR_T 8
 #endif
 #ifndef HAVE_UINTPTR_T
 typedef uint64_t uintptr_t;
+#define SIZEOF_UINTPTR_T 8
 #endif
 #elif (SIZEOF_VOID_P > 2 && SIZEOF_VOID_P <= 4)
 #ifndef HAVE_INTPTR_T
 typedef int32_t intptr_t;
+#define SIZEOF_INTPTR_T 4
 #endif
 #ifndef HAVE_UINTPTR_T
 typedef uint32_t uintptr_t;
+#define SIZEOF_UINTPTR_T 4
 #endif
 #else
 #error "void * is either >8 bytes or <= 2.  In either case, I am confused."
diff --git a/src/common/torlog.h b/src/common/torlog.h
index 28890a44af..8675d7b6e7 100644
--- a/src/common/torlog.h
+++ b/src/common/torlog.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001, Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * \brief Headers for log.c
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_LOG_H
+#ifndef TOR_TORLOG_H
 
 #include "compat.h"
 
@@ -94,8 +94,10 @@
 #define LD_HANDSHAKE (1u<<19)
 /** Heartbeat messages */
 #define LD_HEARTBEAT (1u<<20)
+/** Abstract channel_t code */
+#define LD_CHANNEL   (1u<<21)
 /** Number of logging domains in the code. */
-#define N_LOGGING_DOMAINS 21
+#define N_LOGGING_DOMAINS 22
 
 /** This log message is not safe to send to a callback-based logger
  * immediately.  Used as a flag, not a log domain. */
@@ -151,66 +153,80 @@ void set_log_time_granularity(int granularity_msec);
 
 void tor_log(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...)
   CHECK_PRINTF(3,4);
-#define log tor_log /* hack it so we don't conflict with log() as much */
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(RUNNING_DOXYGEN)
-extern int _log_global_min_severity;
+extern int log_global_min_severity_;
 
-void _log_fn(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain,
+void log_fn_(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain,
              const char *funcname, const char *format, ...)
   CHECK_PRINTF(4,5);
+struct ratelim_t;
+void log_fn_ratelim_(struct ratelim_t *ratelim, int severity,
+                     log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *funcname,
+                     const char *format, ...)
+  CHECK_PRINTF(5,6);
 /** Log a message at level <b>severity</b>, using a pretty-printed version
  * of the current function name. */
 #define log_fn(severity, domain, args...)               \
-  _log_fn(severity, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+  log_fn_(severity, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+/** As log_fn, but use <b>ratelim</b> (an instance of ratelim_t) to control
+ * the frequency at which messages can appear.
+ */
+#define log_fn_ratelim(ratelim, severity, domain, args...)      \
+  log_fn_ratelim_(ratelim, severity, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
 #define log_debug(domain, args...)                                      \
   STMT_BEGIN                                                            \
-    if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(_log_global_min_severity == LOG_DEBUG))        \
-      _log_fn(LOG_DEBUG, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args);            \
+    if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(log_global_min_severity_ == LOG_DEBUG))        \
+      log_fn_(LOG_DEBUG, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args);            \
   STMT_END
 #define log_info(domain, args...)                           \
-  _log_fn(LOG_INFO, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+  log_fn_(LOG_INFO, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
 #define log_notice(domain, args...)                         \
-  _log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+  log_fn_(LOG_NOTICE, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
 #define log_warn(domain, args...)                           \
-  _log_fn(LOG_WARN, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+  log_fn_(LOG_WARN, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
 #define log_err(domain, args...)                            \
-  _log_fn(LOG_ERR, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
+  log_fn_(LOG_ERR, domain, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, args)
 
 #else /* ! defined(__GNUC__) */
 
-void _log_fn(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
-void _log_debug(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
-void _log_info(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
-void _log_notice(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
-void _log_warn(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
-void _log_err(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_fn_(int severity, log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+struct ratelim_t;
+void log_fn_ratelim_(struct ratelim_t *ratelim, int severity,
+             log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_debug_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_info_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_notice_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_warn_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
+void log_err_(log_domain_mask_t domain, const char *format, ...);
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
 /* MSVC 6 and earlier don't have __func__, or even __LINE__. */
-#define log_fn _log_fn
-#define log_debug _log_debug
-#define log_info _log_info
-#define log_notice _log_notice
-#define log_warn _log_warn
-#define log_err _log_err
+#define log_fn log_fn_
+#define log_fn_ratelim log_fn_ratelim_
+#define log_debug log_debug_
+#define log_info log_info_
+#define log_notice log_notice_
+#define log_warn log_warn_
+#define log_err log_err_
 #else
 /* We don't have GCC's varargs macros, so use a global variable to pass the
  * function name to log_fn */
-extern const char *_log_fn_function_name;
+extern const char *log_fn_function_name_;
 /* We abuse the comma operator here, since we can't use the standard
  * do {...} while (0) trick to wrap this macro, since the macro can't take
  * arguments. */
-#define log_fn (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_fn
-#define log_debug (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_debug
-#define log_info (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_info
-#define log_notice (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_notice
-#define log_warn (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_warn
-#define log_err (_log_fn_function_name=__func__),_log_err
+#define log_fn (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_fn_
+#define log_fn_ratelim (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_fn_ratelim_
+#define log_debug (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_debug_
+#define log_info (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_info_
+#define log_notice (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_notice_
+#define log_warn (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_warn_
+#define log_err (log_fn_function_name_=__func__),log_err_
 #endif
 
 #endif /* !GNUC */
 
-# define _TOR_LOG_H
+# define TOR_TORLOG_H
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/common/tortls.c b/src/common/tortls.c
index 60aac64929..8f3f6a7130 100644
--- a/src/common/tortls.c
+++ b/src/common/tortls.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@
 #include "container.h"
 #include <string.h>
 
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,7)
-#error "We require OpenSSL >= 0.9.7"
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)
+#error "We require OpenSSL >= 0.9.8"
 #endif
 
 /* Enable the "v2" TLS handshake.
@@ -127,8 +127,32 @@ typedef struct tor_tls_context_t {
   crypto_pk_t *auth_key;
 } tor_tls_context_t;
 
+/** Return values for tor_tls_classify_client_ciphers.
+ *
+ * @{
+ */
+/** An error occurred when examining the client ciphers */
+#define CIPHERS_ERR -1
+/** The client cipher list indicates that a v1 handshake was in use. */
+#define CIPHERS_V1 1
+/** The client cipher list indicates that the client is using the v2 or the
+ * v3 handshake, but that it is (probably!) lying about what ciphers it
+ * supports */
+#define CIPHERS_V2 2
+/** The client cipher list indicates that the client is using the v2 or the
+ * v3 handshake, and that it is telling the truth about what ciphers it
+ * supports */
+#define CIPHERS_UNRESTRICTED 3
+/** @} */
+
 #define TOR_TLS_MAGIC 0x71571571
 
+typedef enum {
+    TOR_TLS_ST_HANDSHAKE, TOR_TLS_ST_OPEN, TOR_TLS_ST_GOTCLOSE,
+    TOR_TLS_ST_SENTCLOSE, TOR_TLS_ST_CLOSED, TOR_TLS_ST_RENEGOTIATE,
+    TOR_TLS_ST_BUFFEREVENT
+} tor_tls_state_t;
+
 /** Holds a SSL object and its associated data.  Members are only
  * accessed from within tortls.c.
  */
@@ -138,12 +162,9 @@ struct tor_tls_t {
   SSL *ssl; /**< An OpenSSL SSL object. */
   int socket; /**< The underlying file descriptor for this TLS connection. */
   char *address; /**< An address to log when describing this connection. */
-  enum {
-    TOR_TLS_ST_HANDSHAKE, TOR_TLS_ST_OPEN, TOR_TLS_ST_GOTCLOSE,
-    TOR_TLS_ST_SENTCLOSE, TOR_TLS_ST_CLOSED, TOR_TLS_ST_RENEGOTIATE,
-    TOR_TLS_ST_BUFFEREVENT
-  } state : 3; /**< The current SSL state, depending on which operations have
-                * completed successfully. */
+  ENUM_BF(tor_tls_state_t) state : 3; /**< The current SSL state,
+                                       * depending on which operations
+                                       * have completed successfully. */
   unsigned int isServer:1; /**< True iff this is a server-side connection */
   unsigned int wasV2Handshake:1; /**< True iff the original handshake for
                                   * this connection used the updated version
@@ -152,6 +173,9 @@ struct tor_tls_t {
                                   * one certificate). */
   /** True iff we should call negotiated_callback when we're done reading. */
   unsigned int got_renegotiate:1;
+  /** Return value from tor_tls_classify_client_ciphers, or 0 if we haven't
+   * called that function yet. */
+  int8_t client_cipher_list_type;
   /** Incremented every time we start the server side of a handshake. */
   uint8_t server_handshake_count;
   size_t wantwrite_n; /**< 0 normally, >0 if we returned wantwrite last
@@ -210,14 +234,16 @@ static X509* tor_tls_create_certificate(crypto_pk_t *rsa,
                                         crypto_pk_t *rsa_sign,
                                         const char *cname,
                                         const char *cname_sign,
-                                        unsigned int lifetime);
+                                        unsigned int cert_lifetime);
 
 static int tor_tls_context_init_one(tor_tls_context_t **ppcontext,
                                     crypto_pk_t *identity,
                                     unsigned int key_lifetime,
+                                    unsigned int flags,
                                     int is_client);
 static tor_tls_context_t *tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity,
                                               unsigned int key_lifetime,
+                                              unsigned int flags,
                                               int is_client);
 static int check_cert_lifetime_internal(int severity, const X509 *cert,
                                    int past_tolerance, int future_tolerance);
@@ -234,8 +260,8 @@ static tor_tls_context_t *client_tls_context = NULL;
 static int tls_library_is_initialized = 0;
 
 /* Module-internal error codes. */
-#define _TOR_TLS_SYSCALL    (_MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL - 2)
-#define _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN (_MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL - 1)
+#define TOR_TLS_SYSCALL_    (MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL_ - 2)
+#define TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_ (MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL_ - 1)
 
 /** Write a description of the current state of <b>tls</b> into the
  * <b>sz</b>-byte buffer at <b>buf</b>. */
@@ -308,11 +334,11 @@ tor_tls_log_one_error(tor_tls_t *tls, unsigned long err,
   if (!lib) lib = "(null)";
   if (!func) func = "(null)";
   if (doing) {
-    log(severity, domain, "TLS error while %s%s%s: %s (in %s:%s:%s)",
+    tor_log(severity, domain, "TLS error while %s%s%s: %s (in %s:%s:%s)",
         doing, addr?" with ":"", addr?addr:"",
         msg, lib, func, state);
   } else {
-    log(severity, domain, "TLS error%s%s: %s (in %s:%s:%s)",
+    tor_log(severity, domain, "TLS error%s%s: %s (in %s:%s:%s)",
         addr?" with ":"", addr?addr:"",
         msg, lib, func, state);
   }
@@ -336,35 +362,19 @@ tls_log_errors(tor_tls_t *tls, int severity, int domain, const char *doing)
 static int
 tor_errno_to_tls_error(int e)
 {
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-  switch (e) {
-    case WSAECONNRESET: // most common
-      return TOR_TLS_ERROR_CONNRESET;
-    case WSAETIMEDOUT:
-      return TOR_TLS_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
-    case WSAENETUNREACH:
-    case WSAEHOSTUNREACH:
-      return TOR_TLS_ERROR_NO_ROUTE;
-    case WSAECONNREFUSED:
-      return TOR_TLS_ERROR_CONNREFUSED; // least common
-    default:
-      return TOR_TLS_ERROR_MISC;
-  }
-#else
   switch (e) {
-    case ECONNRESET: // most common
+    case SOCK_ERRNO(ECONNRESET): // most common
       return TOR_TLS_ERROR_CONNRESET;
-    case ETIMEDOUT:
+    case SOCK_ERRNO(ETIMEDOUT):
       return TOR_TLS_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
-    case EHOSTUNREACH:
-    case ENETUNREACH:
+    case SOCK_ERRNO(EHOSTUNREACH):
+    case SOCK_ERRNO(ENETUNREACH):
       return TOR_TLS_ERROR_NO_ROUTE;
-    case ECONNREFUSED:
+    case SOCK_ERRNO(ECONNREFUSED):
       return TOR_TLS_ERROR_CONNREFUSED; // least common
     default:
       return TOR_TLS_ERROR_MISC;
   }
-#endif
 }
 
 /** Given a TOR_TLS_* error code, return a string equivalent. */
@@ -393,9 +403,9 @@ tor_tls_err_to_string(int err)
 /** Given a TLS object and the result of an SSL_* call, use
  * SSL_get_error to determine whether an error has occurred, and if so
  * which one.  Return one of TOR_TLS_{DONE|WANTREAD|WANTWRITE|ERROR}.
- * If extra&CATCH_SYSCALL is true, return _TOR_TLS_SYSCALL instead of
+ * If extra&CATCH_SYSCALL is true, return TOR_TLS_SYSCALL_ instead of
  * reporting syscall errors.  If extra&CATCH_ZERO is true, return
- * _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN instead of reporting zero-return errors.
+ * TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_ instead of reporting zero-return errors.
  *
  * If an error has occurred, log it at level <b>severity</b> and describe the
  * current action as <b>doing</b>.
@@ -415,14 +425,14 @@ tor_tls_get_error(tor_tls_t *tls, int r, int extra,
       return TOR_TLS_WANTWRITE;
     case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
       if (extra&CATCH_SYSCALL)
-        return _TOR_TLS_SYSCALL;
+        return TOR_TLS_SYSCALL_;
       if (r == 0) {
-        log(severity, LD_NET, "TLS error: unexpected close while %s (%s)",
+        tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "TLS error: unexpected close while %s (%s)",
             doing, SSL_state_string_long(tls->ssl));
         tor_error = TOR_TLS_ERROR_IO;
       } else {
         int e = tor_socket_errno(tls->socket);
-        log(severity, LD_NET,
+        tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
             "TLS error: <syscall error while %s> (errno=%d: %s; state=%s)",
             doing, e, tor_socket_strerror(e),
             SSL_state_string_long(tls->ssl));
@@ -432,8 +442,8 @@ tor_tls_get_error(tor_tls_t *tls, int r, int extra,
       return tor_error;
     case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
       if (extra&CATCH_ZERO)
-        return _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN;
-      log(severity, LD_NET, "TLS connection closed while %s in state %s",
+        return TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_;
+      tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "TLS connection closed while %s in state %s",
           doing, SSL_state_string_long(tls->ssl));
       tls_log_errors(tls, severity, domain, doing);
       return TOR_TLS_CLOSE;
@@ -478,7 +488,7 @@ tor_tls_init(void)
      * a test of intelligence and determination.
      */
     if (version > OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'k') && version <= OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'l')) {
-      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s looks like version 0.9.8l, but "
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s looks like version 0.9.8l, but "
                  "some vendors have backported renegotiation code from "
                  "0.9.8m without updating the version number. "
                  "I will try SSL3_FLAGS and SSL_OP to enable renegotation.",
@@ -486,12 +496,12 @@ tor_tls_init(void)
       use_unsafe_renegotiation_flag = 1;
       use_unsafe_renegotiation_op = 1;
     } else if (version > OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'l')) {
-      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s looks like version 0.9.8m or later; "
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s looks like version 0.9.8m or later; "
                  "I will try SSL_OP to enable renegotiation",
                  SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
       use_unsafe_renegotiation_op = 1;
     } else if (version <= OPENSSL_V(0,9,8,'k')) {
-      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s [%lx] looks like it's older than "
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "OpenSSL %s [%lx] looks like it's older than "
                  "0.9.8l, but some vendors have backported 0.9.8l's "
                  "renegotiation code to earlier versions, and some have "
                  "backported the code from 0.9.8m or 0.9.8n.  I'll set both "
@@ -505,6 +515,37 @@ tor_tls_init(void)
                SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION), version);
     }
 
+#if (SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8 &&                              \
+     !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) &&                         \
+     OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,1))
+    if (version >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,1)) {
+      /* Warn if we could *almost* be running with much faster ECDH.
+         If we're built for a 64-bit target, using OpenSSL 1.0.1, but we
+         don't have one of the built-in __uint128-based speedups, we are
+         just one build operation away from an accelerated handshake.
+
+         (We could be looking at OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128 instead of
+          doing this test, but that gives compile-time options, not runtime
+          behavior.)
+      */
+      EC_KEY *key = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
+      const EC_GROUP *g = key ? EC_KEY_get0_group(key) : NULL;
+      const EC_METHOD *m = g ? EC_GROUP_method_of(g) : NULL;
+      const int warn = (m == EC_GFp_simple_method() ||
+                        m == EC_GFp_mont_method() ||
+                        m == EC_GFp_nist_method());
+      EC_KEY_free(key);
+
+      if (warn)
+        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "We were built to run on a 64-bit CPU, with "
+                   "OpenSSL 1.0.1 or later, but with a version of OpenSSL "
+                   "that apparently lacks accelerated support for the NIST "
+                   "P-224 and P-256 groups. Building openssl with such "
+                   "support (using the enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 option "
+                   "when configuring it) would make ECDH much faster.");
+    }
+#endif
+
     tor_tls_allocate_tor_tls_object_ex_data_index();
 
     tls_library_is_initialized = 1;
@@ -567,9 +608,10 @@ tor_x509_name_new(const char *cname)
 /** Generate and sign an X509 certificate with the public key <b>rsa</b>,
  * signed by the private key <b>rsa_sign</b>.  The commonName of the
  * certificate will be <b>cname</b>; the commonName of the issuer will be
- * <b>cname_sign</b>. The cert will be valid for <b>cert_lifetime</b> seconds
- * starting from now.  Return a certificate on success, NULL on
- * failure.
+ * <b>cname_sign</b>. The cert will be valid for <b>cert_lifetime</b>
+ * seconds, starting from some time in the past.
+ *
+ * Return a certificate on success, NULL on failure.
  */
 static X509 *
 tor_tls_create_certificate(crypto_pk_t *rsa,
@@ -591,15 +633,20 @@ tor_tls_create_certificate(crypto_pk_t *rsa,
 
   tor_tls_init();
 
-  start_time = time(NULL);
+  /* Make sure we're part-way through the certificate lifetime, rather
+   * than having it start right now. Don't choose quite uniformly, since
+   * then we might pick a time where we're about to expire. Lastly, be
+   * sure to start on a day boundary. */
+  start_time = time(NULL) - crypto_rand_int(cert_lifetime) + 2*24*3600;
+  start_time -= start_time % (24*3600);
 
   tor_assert(rsa);
   tor_assert(cname);
   tor_assert(rsa_sign);
   tor_assert(cname_sign);
-  if (!(sign_pkey = _crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(rsa_sign,1)))
+  if (!(sign_pkey = crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey_(rsa_sign,1)))
     goto error;
-  if (!(pkey = _crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(rsa,0)))
+  if (!(pkey = crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey_(rsa,0)))
     goto error;
   if (!(x509 = X509_new()))
     goto error;
@@ -647,7 +694,7 @@ tor_tls_create_certificate(crypto_pk_t *rsa,
   if (pkey)
     EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
   if (serial_number)
-    BN_free(serial_number);
+    BN_clear_free(serial_number);
   if (name)
     X509_NAME_free(name);
   if (name_issuer)
@@ -657,11 +704,58 @@ tor_tls_create_certificate(crypto_pk_t *rsa,
 #undef SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE
 }
 
-/** List of ciphers that servers should select from.*/
+/** List of ciphers that servers should select from when the client might be
+ * claiming extra unsupported ciphers in order to avoid fingerprinting.  */
 #define SERVER_CIPHER_LIST                         \
   (TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA ":"           \
    TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA ":"           \
    SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA)
+
+/** List of ciphers that servers should select from when we actually have
+ * our choice of what cipher to use. */
+const char UNRESTRICTED_SERVER_CIPHER_LIST[] =
+  /* This list is autogenerated with the gen_server_ciphers.py script;
+   * don't hand-edit it. */
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA384
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA384 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA256
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA256 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA256
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA256 ":"
+#endif
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA256
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA256 ":"
+#endif
+       /* Required */
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA ":"
+       /* Required */
+       TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA ":"
+#ifdef TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA
+       TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA ":"
+#endif
+       /* Required */
+       SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA;
+
 /* Note: to set up your own private testing network with link crypto
  * disabled, set your Tors' cipher list to
  * (SSL3_TXT_RSA_NULL_SHA).  If you do this, you won't be able to communicate
@@ -754,7 +848,7 @@ tor_cert_new(X509 *x509_cert)
 
   if ((pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509_cert)) &&
       (rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey))) {
-    crypto_pk_t *pk = _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(rsa);
+    crypto_pk_t *pk = crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(rsa);
     crypto_pk_get_all_digests(pk, &cert->pkey_digests);
     cert->pkey_digests_set = 1;
     crypto_pk_free(pk);
@@ -778,13 +872,8 @@ tor_cert_decode(const uint8_t *certificate, size_t certificate_len)
   if (certificate_len > INT_MAX)
     return NULL;
 
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V_SERIES(0,9,8)
-  /* This ifdef suppresses a type warning.  Take out this case once everybody
-   * is using OpenSSL 0.9.8 or later. */
-  x509 = d2i_X509(NULL, (unsigned char**)&cp, (int)certificate_len);
-#else
   x509 = d2i_X509(NULL, &cp, (int)certificate_len);
-#endif
+
   if (!x509)
     return NULL; /* Couldn't decode */
   if (cp - certificate != (int)certificate_len) {
@@ -901,7 +990,7 @@ tor_tls_cert_get_key(tor_cert_t *cert)
     EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
     return NULL;
   }
-  result = _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(rsa);
+  result = crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(rsa);
   EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
   return result;
 }
@@ -1019,17 +1108,20 @@ tor_tls_context_incref(tor_tls_context_t *ctx)
 /** Create new global client and server TLS contexts.
  *
  * If <b>server_identity</b> is NULL, this will not generate a server
- * TLS context. If <b>is_public_server</b> is non-zero, this will use
+ * TLS context. If TOR_TLS_CTX_IS_PUBLIC_SERVER is set in <b>flags</b>, use
  * the same TLS context for incoming and outgoing connections, and
- * ignore <b>client_identity</b>. */
+ * ignore <b>client_identity</b>. If one of TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P{224,256}
+ * is set in <b>flags</b>, use that ECDHE group if possible; otherwise use
+ * the default ECDHE group. */
 int
-tor_tls_context_init(int is_public_server,
+tor_tls_context_init(unsigned flags,
                      crypto_pk_t *client_identity,
                      crypto_pk_t *server_identity,
                      unsigned int key_lifetime)
 {
   int rv1 = 0;
   int rv2 = 0;
+  const int is_public_server = flags & TOR_TLS_CTX_IS_PUBLIC_SERVER;
 
   if (is_public_server) {
     tor_tls_context_t *new_ctx;
@@ -1039,7 +1131,7 @@ tor_tls_context_init(int is_public_server,
 
     rv1 = tor_tls_context_init_one(&server_tls_context,
                                    server_identity,
-                                   key_lifetime, 0);
+                                   key_lifetime, flags, 0);
 
     if (rv1 >= 0) {
       new_ctx = server_tls_context;
@@ -1056,6 +1148,7 @@ tor_tls_context_init(int is_public_server,
       rv1 = tor_tls_context_init_one(&server_tls_context,
                                      server_identity,
                                      key_lifetime,
+                                     flags,
                                      0);
     } else {
       tor_tls_context_t *old_ctx = server_tls_context;
@@ -1069,6 +1162,7 @@ tor_tls_context_init(int is_public_server,
     rv2 = tor_tls_context_init_one(&client_tls_context,
                                    client_identity,
                                    key_lifetime,
+                                   flags,
                                    1);
   }
 
@@ -1085,10 +1179,12 @@ static int
 tor_tls_context_init_one(tor_tls_context_t **ppcontext,
                          crypto_pk_t *identity,
                          unsigned int key_lifetime,
+                         unsigned int flags,
                          int is_client)
 {
   tor_tls_context_t *new_ctx = tor_tls_context_new(identity,
                                                    key_lifetime,
+                                                   flags,
                                                    is_client);
   tor_tls_context_t *old_ctx = *ppcontext;
 
@@ -1112,7 +1208,7 @@ tor_tls_context_init_one(tor_tls_context_t **ppcontext,
  */
 static tor_tls_context_t *
 tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
-                    int is_client)
+                    unsigned flags, int is_client)
 {
   crypto_pk_t *rsa = NULL, *rsa_auth = NULL;
   EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
@@ -1150,7 +1246,7 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
     authcert = tor_tls_create_certificate(rsa_auth, identity, nickname, nn2,
                                           key_lifetime);
     if (!cert || !idcert || !authcert) {
-      log(LOG_WARN, LD_CRYPTO, "Error creating certificate");
+      log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Error creating certificate");
       goto error;
     }
   }
@@ -1181,6 +1277,10 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
     goto error;
   SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
 
+  /* Prefer the server's ordering of ciphers: the client's ordering has
+  * historically been chosen for fingerprinting resistance. */
+  SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE);
+
   /* Disable TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 if they exist.  We need to do this to
    * workaround a bug present in all OpenSSL 1.0.1 versions (as of 1
    * June 2012), wherein renegotiating while using one of these TLS
@@ -1189,19 +1289,29 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
    * version.  Once some version of OpenSSL does TLS1.1 and TLS1.2
    * renegotiation properly, we can turn them back on when built with
    * that version. */
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < OPENSSL_V(1,0,1,'e')
 #ifdef SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2
   SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2);
 #endif
 #ifdef SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1
   SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1);
 #endif
+#endif
+
   /* Disable TLS tickets if they're supported.  We never want to use them;
    * using them can make our perfect forward secrecy a little worse, *and*
    * create an opportunity to fingerprint us (since it's unusual to use them
    * with TLS sessions turned off).
+   *
+   * In 0.2.4, clients advertise support for them though, to avoid a TLS
+   * distinguishability vector.  This can give us worse PFS, though, if we
+   * get a server that doesn't set SSL_OP_NO_TICKET.  With luck, there will
+   * be few such servers by the time 0.2.4 is more stable.
    */
 #ifdef SSL_OP_NO_TICKET
-  SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_NO_TICKET);
+  if (! is_client) {
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_NO_TICKET);
+  }
 #endif
 
   if (
@@ -1222,6 +1332,7 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
   }
 
   SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE);
+  SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx, SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE);
 
 #ifdef SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION
   SSL_CTX_set_options(result->ctx,
@@ -1257,7 +1368,7 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
   SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(result->ctx, SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF);
   if (!is_client) {
     tor_assert(rsa);
-    if (!(pkey = _crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey(rsa,1)))
+    if (!(pkey = crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey_(rsa,1)))
       goto error;
     if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(result->ctx, pkey))
       goto error;
@@ -1269,9 +1380,29 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
   {
     crypto_dh_t *dh = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_TLS);
     tor_assert(dh);
-    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(result->ctx, _crypto_dh_get_dh(dh));
+    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(result->ctx, crypto_dh_get_dh_(dh));
     crypto_dh_free(dh);
   }
+#if (!defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) &&                         \
+     OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,0))
+  if (! is_client) {
+    int nid;
+    EC_KEY *ec_key;
+    if (flags & TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P224)
+      nid = NID_secp224r1;
+    else if (flags & TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P256)
+      nid = NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
+    else
+      nid = NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
+    /* Use P-256 for ECDHE. */
+    ec_key = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid);
+    if (ec_key != NULL) /*XXXX Handle errors? */
+      SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(result->ctx, ec_key);
+    EC_KEY_free(ec_key);
+  }
+#else
+  (void)flags;
+#endif
   SSL_CTX_set_verify(result->ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER,
                      always_accept_verify_cb);
   /* let us realloc bufs that we're writing from */
@@ -1308,28 +1439,108 @@ tor_tls_context_new(crypto_pk_t *identity, unsigned int key_lifetime,
 }
 
 #ifdef V2_HANDSHAKE_SERVER
-/** Return true iff the cipher list suggested by the client for <b>ssl</b> is
- * a list that indicates that the client knows how to do the v2 TLS connection
- * handshake. */
+
+/* Here's the old V2 cipher list we sent from 0.2.1.1-alpha up to
+ * 0.2.3.17-beta. If a client is using this list, we can't believe the ciphers
+ * that it claims to support.  We'll prune this list to remove the ciphers
+ * *we* don't recognize. */
+static uint16_t v2_cipher_list[] = {
+  0xc00a, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA */
+  0xc014, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA */
+  0x0039, /* TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA */
+  0x0038, /* TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_SHA */
+  0xc00f, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA */
+  0xc005, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA */
+  0x0035, /* TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA */
+  0xc007, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA */
+  0xc009, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA */
+  0xc011, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA */
+  0xc013, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA */
+  0x0033, /* TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA */
+  0x0032, /* TLS1_TXT_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_SHA */
+  0xc00c, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA */
+  0xc00e, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA */
+  0xc002, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA */
+  0xc004, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA */
+  0x0004, /* SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_MD5 */
+  0x0005, /* SSL3_TXT_RSA_RC4_128_SHA */
+  0x002f, /* TLS1_TXT_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA */
+  0xc008, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0xc012, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0x0016, /* SSL3_TXT_EDH_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0x0013, /* SSL3_TXT_EDH_DSS_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0xc00d, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0xc003, /* TLS1_TXT_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0xfeff, /* SSL3_TXT_RSA_FIPS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA */
+  0x000a, /* SSL3_TXT_RSA_DES_192_CBC3_SHA */
+  0
+};
+/** Have we removed the unrecognized ciphers from v2_cipher_list yet? */
+static int v2_cipher_list_pruned = 0;
+
+/** Remove from v2_cipher_list every cipher that we don't support, so that
+ * comparing v2_cipher_list to a client's cipher list will give a sensible
+ * result. */
+static void
+prune_v2_cipher_list(void)
+{
+  uint16_t *inp, *outp;
+  const SSL_METHOD *m = SSLv23_method();
+
+  inp = outp = v2_cipher_list;
+  while (*inp) {
+    unsigned char cipherid[2];
+    const SSL_CIPHER *cipher;
+    /* Is there no better way to do this? */
+    set_uint16(cipherid, htons(*inp));
+    cipher = m->get_cipher_by_char(cipherid);
+    if (cipher) {
+      tor_assert((cipher->id & 0xffff) == *inp);
+      *outp++ = *inp++;
+    } else {
+      inp++;
+    }
+  }
+  *outp = 0;
+
+  v2_cipher_list_pruned = 1;
+}
+
+/* Return the name of the negotiated ciphersuite in use on <b>tls</b> */
+const char *
+tor_tls_get_ciphersuite_name(tor_tls_t *tls)
+{
+  return SSL_get_cipher(tls->ssl);
+}
+
+/** Examine the client cipher list in <b>ssl</b>, and determine what kind of
+ * client it is.  Return one of CIPHERS_ERR, CIPHERS_V1, CIPHERS_V2,
+ * CIPHERS_UNRESTRICTED.
+ **/
 static int
-tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(const SSL *ssl, const char *address)
+tor_tls_classify_client_ciphers(const SSL *ssl,
+                                STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *peer_ciphers)
 {
-  int i;
-  SSL_SESSION *session;
+  int i, res;
+  tor_tls_t *tor_tls;
+  if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(!v2_cipher_list_pruned))
+    prune_v2_cipher_list();
+
+  tor_tls = tor_tls_get_by_ssl(ssl);
+  if (tor_tls && tor_tls->client_cipher_list_type)
+    return tor_tls->client_cipher_list_type;
+
   /* If we reached this point, we just got a client hello.  See if there is
    * a cipher list. */
-  if (!(session = SSL_get_session((SSL *)ssl))) {
-    log_info(LD_NET, "No session on TLS?");
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (!session->ciphers) {
+  if (!peer_ciphers) {
     log_info(LD_NET, "No ciphers on session");
-    return 0;
+    res = CIPHERS_ERR;
+    goto done;
   }
   /* Now we need to see if there are any ciphers whose presence means we're
    * dealing with an updated Tor. */
-  for (i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(session->ciphers); ++i) {
-    SSL_CIPHER *cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(session->ciphers, i);
+  for (i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(peer_ciphers); ++i) {
+    SSL_CIPHER *cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(peer_ciphers, i);
     const char *ciphername = SSL_CIPHER_get_name(cipher);
     if (strcmp(ciphername, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_SHA) &&
         strcmp(ciphername, TLS1_TXT_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA) &&
@@ -1337,28 +1548,111 @@ tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(const SSL *ssl, const char *address)
         strcmp(ciphername, "(NONE)")) {
       log_debug(LD_NET, "Got a non-version-1 cipher called '%s'", ciphername);
       // return 1;
-      goto dump_list;
+      goto v2_or_higher;
     }
   }
-  return 0;
- dump_list:
+  res = CIPHERS_V1;
+  goto done;
+ v2_or_higher:
+  {
+    const uint16_t *v2_cipher = v2_cipher_list;
+    for (i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(peer_ciphers); ++i) {
+      SSL_CIPHER *cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(peer_ciphers, i);
+      uint16_t id = cipher->id & 0xffff;
+      if (id == 0x00ff) /* extended renegotiation indicator. */
+        continue;
+      if (!id || id != *v2_cipher) {
+        res = CIPHERS_UNRESTRICTED;
+        goto dump_ciphers;
+      }
+      ++v2_cipher;
+    }
+    if (*v2_cipher != 0) {
+      res = CIPHERS_UNRESTRICTED;
+      goto dump_ciphers;
+    }
+    res = CIPHERS_V2;
+  }
+
+ dump_ciphers:
   {
     smartlist_t *elts = smartlist_new();
     char *s;
-    for (i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(session->ciphers); ++i) {
-      SSL_CIPHER *cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(session->ciphers, i);
+    for (i = 0; i < sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(peer_ciphers); ++i) {
+      SSL_CIPHER *cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(peer_ciphers, i);
       const char *ciphername = SSL_CIPHER_get_name(cipher);
       smartlist_add(elts, (char*)ciphername);
     }
     s = smartlist_join_strings(elts, ":", 0, NULL);
-    log_debug(LD_NET, "Got a non-version-1 cipher list from %s.  It is: '%s'",
-              address, s);
+    log_debug(LD_NET, "Got a %s V2/V3 cipher list from %s.  It is: '%s'",
+              (res == CIPHERS_V2) ? "fictitious" : "real", ADDR(tor_tls), s);
     tor_free(s);
     smartlist_free(elts);
   }
-  return 1;
+ done:
+  if (tor_tls)
+    return tor_tls->client_cipher_list_type = res;
+
+  return res;
 }
 
+/** Return true iff the cipher list suggested by the client for <b>ssl</b> is
+ * a list that indicates that the client knows how to do the v2 TLS connection
+ * handshake. */
+static int
+tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(const SSL *ssl)
+{
+  SSL_SESSION *session;
+  if (!(session = SSL_get_session((SSL *)ssl))) {
+    log_info(LD_NET, "No session on TLS?");
+    return CIPHERS_ERR;
+  }
+
+  return tor_tls_classify_client_ciphers(ssl, session->ciphers) >= CIPHERS_V2;
+}
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,0)
+/** Callback to get invoked on a server after we've read the list of ciphers
+ * the client supports, but before we pick our own ciphersuite.
+ *
+ * We can't abuse an info_cb for this, since by the time one of the
+ * client_hello info_cbs is called, we've already picked which ciphersuite to
+ * use.
+ *
+ * Technically, this function is an abuse of this callback, since the point of
+ * a session_secret_cb is to try to set up and/or verify a shared-secret for
+ * authentication on the fly.  But as long as we return 0, we won't actually be
+ * setting up a shared secret, and all will be fine.
+ */
+static int
+tor_tls_session_secret_cb(SSL *ssl, void *secret, int *secret_len,
+                          STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *peer_ciphers,
+                          SSL_CIPHER **cipher, void *arg)
+{
+  (void) secret;
+  (void) secret_len;
+  (void) peer_ciphers;
+  (void) cipher;
+  (void) arg;
+
+  if (tor_tls_classify_client_ciphers(ssl, peer_ciphers) ==
+       CIPHERS_UNRESTRICTED) {
+    SSL_set_cipher_list(ssl, UNRESTRICTED_SERVER_CIPHER_LIST);
+  }
+
+  SSL_set_session_secret_cb(ssl, NULL, NULL);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+static void
+tor_tls_setup_session_secret_cb(tor_tls_t *tls)
+{
+  SSL_set_session_secret_cb(tls->ssl, tor_tls_session_secret_cb, NULL);
+}
+#else
+#define tor_tls_setup_session_secret_cb(tls) STMT_NIL
+#endif
+
 /** Invoked when a TLS state changes: log the change at severity 'debug' */
 static void
 tor_tls_debug_state_callback(const SSL *ssl, int type, int val)
@@ -1400,7 +1694,7 @@ tor_tls_server_info_callback(const SSL *ssl, int type, int val)
   }
 
   /* Now check the cipher list. */
-  if (tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(ssl, ADDR(tls))) {
+  if (tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(ssl)) {
     if (tls->wasV2Handshake)
       return; /* We already turned this stuff off for the first handshake;
                * This is a renegotiation. */
@@ -1625,6 +1919,9 @@ tor_tls_new(int sock, int isServer)
     SSL_set_info_callback(result->ssl, tor_tls_debug_state_callback);
   }
 
+  if (isServer)
+    tor_tls_setup_session_secret_cb(result);
+
   /* Not expected to get called. */
   tls_log_errors(NULL, LOG_WARN, LD_NET, "creating tor_tls_t object");
   return result;
@@ -1721,6 +2018,10 @@ tor_tls_free(tor_tls_t *tls)
   if (!tls)
     return;
   tor_assert(tls->ssl);
+  {
+    size_t r,w;
+    tor_tls_get_n_raw_bytes(tls,&r,&w); /* ensure written_by_tls is updated */
+  }
 #ifdef SSL_set_tlsext_host_name
   SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(tls->ssl, NULL);
 #endif
@@ -1761,7 +2062,7 @@ tor_tls_read(tor_tls_t *tls, char *cp, size_t len)
     return r;
   }
   err = tor_tls_get_error(tls, r, CATCH_ZERO, "reading", LOG_DEBUG, LD_NET);
-  if (err == _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN || err == TOR_TLS_CLOSE) {
+  if (err == TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_ || err == TOR_TLS_CLOSE) {
     log_debug(LD_NET,"read returned r=%d; TLS is closed",r);
     tls->state = TOR_TLS_ST_CLOSED;
     return TOR_TLS_CLOSE;
@@ -1772,6 +2073,13 @@ tor_tls_read(tor_tls_t *tls, char *cp, size_t len)
   }
 }
 
+/** Total number of bytes that we've used TLS to send.  Used to track TLS
+ * overhead. */
+static uint64_t total_bytes_written_over_tls = 0;
+/** Total number of bytes that TLS has put on the network for us. Used to
+ * track TLS overhead. */
+static uint64_t total_bytes_written_by_tls = 0;
+
 /** Underlying function for TLS writing.  Write up to <b>n</b>
  * characters from <b>cp</b> onto <b>tls</b>.  On success, returns the
  * number of characters written.  On failure, returns TOR_TLS_ERROR,
@@ -1798,6 +2106,7 @@ tor_tls_write(tor_tls_t *tls, const char *cp, size_t n)
   r = SSL_write(tls->ssl, cp, (int)n);
   err = tor_tls_get_error(tls, r, 0, "writing", LOG_INFO, LD_NET);
   if (err == TOR_TLS_DONE) {
+    total_bytes_written_over_tls += r;
     return r;
   }
   if (err == TOR_TLS_WANTWRITE || err == TOR_TLS_WANTREAD) {
@@ -1866,7 +2175,7 @@ tor_tls_finish_handshake(tor_tls_t *tls)
     /* There doesn't seem to be a clear OpenSSL API to clear mode flags. */
     tls->ssl->mode &= ~SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN;
 #ifdef V2_HANDSHAKE_SERVER
-    if (tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(tls->ssl, ADDR(tls))) {
+    if (tor_tls_client_is_using_v2_ciphers(tls->ssl)) {
       /* This check is redundant, but back when we did it in the callback,
        * we might have not been able to look up the tor_tls_t if the code
        * was buggy.  Fixing that. */
@@ -1974,7 +2283,7 @@ tor_tls_shutdown(tor_tls_t *tls)
       } while (r>0);
       err = tor_tls_get_error(tls, r, CATCH_ZERO, "reading to shut down",
                               LOG_INFO, LD_NET);
-      if (err == _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN) {
+      if (err == TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_) {
         tls->state = TOR_TLS_ST_GOTCLOSE;
         /* fall through... */
       } else {
@@ -1990,11 +2299,11 @@ tor_tls_shutdown(tor_tls_t *tls)
     }
     err = tor_tls_get_error(tls, r, CATCH_SYSCALL|CATCH_ZERO, "shutting down",
                             LOG_INFO, LD_NET);
-    if (err == _TOR_TLS_SYSCALL) {
+    if (err == TOR_TLS_SYSCALL_) {
       /* The underlying TCP connection closed while we were shutting down. */
       tls->state = TOR_TLS_ST_CLOSED;
       return TOR_TLS_DONE;
-    } else if (err == _TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN) {
+    } else if (err == TOR_TLS_ZERORETURN_) {
       /* The TLS connection says that it sent a shutdown record, but
        * isn't done shutting down yet.  Make sure that this hasn't
        * happened before, then go back to the start of the function
@@ -2002,7 +2311,7 @@ tor_tls_shutdown(tor_tls_t *tls)
        */
       if (tls->state == TOR_TLS_ST_GOTCLOSE ||
          tls->state == TOR_TLS_ST_SENTCLOSE) {
-        log(LOG_WARN, LD_NET,
+        log_warn(LD_NET,
             "TLS returned \"half-closed\" value while already half-closed");
         return TOR_TLS_ERROR_MISC;
       }
@@ -2052,7 +2361,7 @@ log_cert_lifetime(int severity, const X509 *cert, const char *problem)
   struct tm tm;
 
   if (problem)
-    log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
         "Certificate %s. Either their clock is set wrong, or your clock "
         "is wrong.",
            problem);
@@ -2075,9 +2384,9 @@ log_cert_lifetime(int severity, const X509 *cert, const char *problem)
   BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &buf);
   s2 = tor_strndup(buf->data, buf->length);
 
-  strftime(mytime, 32, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT", tor_gmtime_r(&now, &tm));
+  strftime(mytime, 32, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y UTC", tor_gmtime_r(&now, &tm));
 
-  log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
       "(certificate lifetime runs from %s through %s. Your time is %s.)",
       s1,s2,mytime);
 
@@ -2164,7 +2473,7 @@ tor_tls_verify(int severity, tor_tls_t *tls, crypto_pk_t **identity_key)
   rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(id_pkey);
   if (!rsa)
     goto done;
-  *identity_key = _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(rsa);
+  *identity_key = crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(rsa);
 
   r = 0;
 
@@ -2287,18 +2596,31 @@ tor_tls_get_n_raw_bytes(tor_tls_t *tls, size_t *n_read, size_t *n_written)
              "r=%lu, last_read=%lu, w=%lu, last_written=%lu",
              r, tls->last_read_count, w, tls->last_write_count);
   }
+  total_bytes_written_by_tls += *n_written;
   tls->last_read_count = r;
   tls->last_write_count = w;
 }
 
+/** Return a ratio of the bytes that TLS has sent to the bytes that we've told
+ * it to send. Used to track whether our TLS records are getting too tiny. */
+double
+tls_get_write_overhead_ratio(void)
+{
+  if (total_bytes_written_over_tls == 0)
+    return 1.0;
+
+  return U64_TO_DBL(total_bytes_written_by_tls) /
+    U64_TO_DBL(total_bytes_written_over_tls);
+}
+
 /** Implement check_no_tls_errors: If there are any pending OpenSSL
  * errors, log an error message. */
 void
-_check_no_tls_errors(const char *fname, int line)
+check_no_tls_errors_(const char *fname, int line)
 {
   if (ERR_peek_error() == 0)
     return;
-  log(LOG_WARN, LD_CRYPTO, "Unhandled OpenSSL errors found at %s:%d: ",
+  log_warn(LD_CRYPTO, "Unhandled OpenSSL errors found at %s:%d: ",
       tor_fix_source_file(fname), line);
   tls_log_errors(NULL, LOG_WARN, LD_NET, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/src/common/tortls.h b/src/common/tortls.h
index 491a5419df..49c488b365 100644
--- a/src/common/tortls.h
+++ b/src/common/tortls.h
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_TORTLS_H
-#define _TOR_TORTLS_H
+#ifndef TOR_TORTLS_H
+#define TOR_TORTLS_H
 
 /**
  * \file tortls.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ typedef struct tor_tls_t tor_tls_t;
 typedef struct tor_cert_t tor_cert_t;
 
 /* Possible return values for most tor_tls_* functions. */
-#define _MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL     -9
+#define MIN_TOR_TLS_ERROR_VAL_     -9
 #define TOR_TLS_ERROR_MISC         -9
 /* Rename to unexpected close or something. XXXX */
 #define TOR_TLS_ERROR_IO           -8
@@ -54,7 +54,12 @@ const char *tor_tls_err_to_string(int err);
 void tor_tls_get_state_description(tor_tls_t *tls, char *buf, size_t sz);
 
 void tor_tls_free_all(void);
-int tor_tls_context_init(int is_public_server,
+
+#define TOR_TLS_CTX_IS_PUBLIC_SERVER (1u<<0)
+#define TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P256   (1u<<1)
+#define TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P224   (1u<<2)
+
+int tor_tls_context_init(unsigned flags,
                          crypto_pk_t *client_identity,
                          crypto_pk_t *server_identity,
                          unsigned int key_lifetime);
@@ -90,6 +95,8 @@ void tor_tls_get_buffer_sizes(tor_tls_t *tls,
                               size_t *rbuf_capacity, size_t *rbuf_bytes,
                               size_t *wbuf_capacity, size_t *wbuf_bytes);
 
+double tls_get_write_overhead_ratio(void);
+
 int tor_tls_used_v1_handshake(tor_tls_t *tls);
 int tor_tls_received_v3_certificate(tor_tls_t *tls);
 int tor_tls_get_num_server_handshakes(tor_tls_t *tls);
@@ -98,9 +105,9 @@ int tor_tls_get_tlssecrets(tor_tls_t *tls, uint8_t *secrets_out);
 
 /* Log and abort if there are unhandled TLS errors in OpenSSL's error stack.
  */
-#define check_no_tls_errors() _check_no_tls_errors(__FILE__,__LINE__)
+#define check_no_tls_errors() check_no_tls_errors_(__FILE__,__LINE__)
 
-void _check_no_tls_errors(const char *fname, int line);
+void check_no_tls_errors_(const char *fname, int line);
 void tor_tls_log_one_error(tor_tls_t *tls, unsigned long err,
                            int severity, int domain, const char *doing);
 
@@ -129,6 +136,7 @@ int tor_tls_cert_is_valid(int severity,
                           const tor_cert_t *cert,
                           const tor_cert_t *signing_cert,
                           int check_rsa_1024);
+const char *tor_tls_get_ciphersuite_name(tor_tls_t *tls);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/common/util.c b/src/common/util.c
index b16afa13e9..5eb0f9a69b 100644
--- a/src/common/util.c
+++ b/src/common/util.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #define UTIL_PRIVATE
 #include "util.h"
 #include "torlog.h"
-#undef log
 #include "crypto.h"
 #include "torint.h"
 #include "container.h"
@@ -39,8 +38,8 @@
 #endif
 
 /* math.h needs this on Linux */
-#ifndef __USE_ISOC99
-#define __USE_ISOC99 1
+#ifndef _USE_ISOC99_
+#define _USE_ISOC99_ 1
 #endif
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@
  * ignored otherwise.
  */
 void *
-_tor_malloc(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_malloc_(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   void *result;
 
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ _tor_malloc(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
  * the process on error.  (Same as calloc(size,1), but never returns NULL.)
  */
 void *
-_tor_malloc_zero(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_malloc_zero_(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   /* You may ask yourself, "wouldn't it be smart to use calloc instead of
    * malloc+memset?  Perhaps libc's calloc knows some nifty optimization trick
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ _tor_malloc_zero(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
    * we're allocating something very big (it knows if it just got the memory
    * from the OS in a pre-zeroed state).  We don't want to use tor_malloc_zero
    * for big stuff, so we don't bother with calloc. */
-  void *result = _tor_malloc(size DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
+  void *result = tor_malloc_(size DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
   memset(result, 0, size);
   return result;
 }
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ _tor_malloc_zero(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
  * smaller than size).  Don't do that then.
  */
 void *
-_tor_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_calloc_(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   /* You may ask yourself, "wouldn't it be smart to use calloc instead of
    * malloc+memset?  Perhaps libc's calloc knows some nifty optimization trick
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ _tor_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 
   tor_assert(nmemb < max_nmemb);
 
-  result = _tor_malloc_zero((nmemb * size) DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
+  result = tor_malloc_zero_((nmemb * size) DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ _tor_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
  * terminate. (Like realloc(ptr,size), but never returns NULL.)
  */
 void *
-_tor_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_realloc_(void *ptr, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   void *result;
 
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ _tor_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS)
  * NULL.)
  */
 char *
-_tor_strdup(const char *s DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_strdup_(const char *s DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   char *dup;
   tor_assert(s);
@@ -254,12 +253,12 @@ _tor_strdup(const char *s DMALLOC_PARAMS)
  * NULL.)
  */
 char *
-_tor_strndup(const char *s, size_t n DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_strndup_(const char *s, size_t n DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   char *dup;
   tor_assert(s);
   tor_assert(n < SIZE_T_CEILING);
-  dup = _tor_malloc((n+1) DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
+  dup = tor_malloc_((n+1) DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
   /* Performance note: Ordinarily we prefer strlcpy to strncpy.  But
    * this function gets called a whole lot, and platform strncpy is
    * much faster than strlcpy when strlen(s) is much longer than n.
@@ -272,55 +271,38 @@ _tor_strndup(const char *s, size_t n DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 /** Allocate a chunk of <b>len</b> bytes, with the same contents as the
  * <b>len</b> bytes starting at <b>mem</b>. */
 void *
-_tor_memdup(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+tor_memdup_(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
 {
   char *dup;
   tor_assert(len < SIZE_T_CEILING);
   tor_assert(mem);
-  dup = _tor_malloc(len DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
+  dup = tor_malloc_(len DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
   memcpy(dup, mem, len);
   return dup;
 }
 
+/** As tor_memdup(), but add an extra 0 byte at the end of the resulting
+ * memory. */
+void *
+tor_memdup_nulterm(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+{
+  char *dup;
+  tor_assert(len < SIZE_T_CEILING+1);
+  tor_assert(mem);
+  dup = tor_malloc_(len+1 DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
+  memcpy(dup, mem, len);
+  dup[len] = '\0';
+  return dup;
+}
+
 /** Helper for places that need to take a function pointer to the right
  * spelling of "free()". */
 void
-_tor_free(void *mem)
+tor_free_(void *mem)
 {
   tor_free(mem);
 }
 
-#if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE) && !defined(HAVE_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE_PROTOTYPE)
-/* Some version of Mac OSX have malloc_good_size in their libc, but not
- * actually defined in malloc/malloc.h.  We detect this and work around it by
- * prototyping.
- */
-extern size_t malloc_good_size(size_t size);
-#endif
-
-/** Allocate and return a chunk of memory of size at least *<b>size</b>, using
- * the same resources we would use to malloc *<b>sizep</b>.  Set *<b>sizep</b>
- * to the number of usable bytes in the chunk of memory. */
-void *
-_tor_malloc_roundup(size_t *sizep DMALLOC_PARAMS)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE
-  tor_assert(*sizep < SIZE_T_CEILING);
-  *sizep = malloc_good_size(*sizep);
-  return _tor_malloc(*sizep DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
-#elif 0 && defined(HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE) && !defined(USE_DMALLOC)
-  /* Never use malloc_usable_size(); it makes valgrind really unhappy,
-   * and doesn't win much in terms of usable space where it exists. */
-  void *result;
-  tor_assert(*sizep < SIZE_T_CEILING);
-  result = _tor_malloc(*sizep DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
-  *sizep = malloc_usable_size(result);
-  return result;
-#else
-  return _tor_malloc(*sizep DMALLOC_FN_ARGS);
-#endif
-}
-
 /** Call the platform malloc info function, and dump the results to the log at
  * level <b>severity</b>.  If no such function exists, do nothing. */
 void
@@ -354,8 +336,8 @@ tor_log_mallinfo(int severity)
  * ===== */
 
 /**
- * Returns the natural logarithm of d base 2.  We define this wrapper here so
- * as to make it easier not to conflict with Tor's log() macro.
+ * Returns the natural logarithm of d base e.  We defined this wrapper here so
+ * to avoid conflicts with old versions of tor_log(), which were named log().
  */
 double
 tor_mathlog(double d)
@@ -363,9 +345,9 @@ tor_mathlog(double d)
   return log(d);
 }
 
-/** Return the long integer closest to d.  We define this wrapper here so
- * that not all users of math.h need to use the right incancations to get
- * the c99 functions. */
+/** Return the long integer closest to <b>d</b>. We define this wrapper
+ * here so that not all users of math.h need to use the right incantations
+ * to get the c99 functions. */
 long
 tor_lround(double d)
 {
@@ -378,6 +360,21 @@ tor_lround(double d)
 #endif
 }
 
+/** Return the 64-bit integer closest to d.  We define this wrapper here so
+ * that not all users of math.h need to use the right incantations to get the
+ * c99 functions. */
+int64_t
+tor_llround(double d)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_LLROUND)
+  return (int64_t)llround(d);
+#elif defined(HAVE_RINT)
+  return (int64_t)rint(d);
+#else
+  return (int64_t)(d > 0 ? d + 0.5 : ceil(d - 0.5));
+#endif
+}
+
 /** Returns floor(log2(u64)).  If u64 is 0, (incorrectly) returns 0. */
 int
 tor_log2(uint64_t u64)
@@ -410,12 +407,24 @@ tor_log2(uint64_t u64)
   return r;
 }
 
-/** Return the power of 2 closest to <b>u64</b>. */
+/** Return the power of 2 in range [1,UINT64_MAX] closest to <b>u64</b>.  If
+ * there are two powers of 2 equally close, round down. */
 uint64_t
 round_to_power_of_2(uint64_t u64)
 {
-  int lg2 = tor_log2(u64);
-  uint64_t low = U64_LITERAL(1) << lg2, high = U64_LITERAL(1) << (lg2+1);
+  int lg2;
+  uint64_t low;
+  uint64_t high;
+  if (u64 == 0)
+    return 1;
+
+  lg2 = tor_log2(u64);
+  low = U64_LITERAL(1) << lg2;
+
+  if (lg2 == 63)
+    return low;
+
+  high = U64_LITERAL(1) << (lg2+1);
   if (high - u64 < u64 - low)
     return high;
   else
@@ -655,6 +664,16 @@ fast_memcmpstart(const void *mem, size_t memlen,
   return fast_memcmp(mem, prefix, plen);
 }
 
+/** Given a nul-terminated string s, set every character before the nul
+ * to zero. */
+void
+tor_strclear(char *s)
+{
+  while (*s) {
+    *s++ = '\0';
+  }
+}
+
 /** Return a pointer to the first char of s that is not whitespace and
  * not a comment, or to the terminating NUL if no such character exists.
  */
@@ -1013,7 +1032,7 @@ base16_encode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen)
 
 /** Helper: given a hex digit, return its value, or -1 if it isn't hex. */
 static INLINE int
-_hex_decode_digit(char c)
+hex_decode_digit_(char c)
 {
   switch (c) {
     case '0': return 0;
@@ -1041,7 +1060,7 @@ _hex_decode_digit(char c)
 int
 hex_decode_digit(char c)
 {
-  return _hex_decode_digit(c);
+  return hex_decode_digit_(c);
 }
 
 /** Given a hexadecimal string of <b>srclen</b> bytes in <b>src</b>, decode it
@@ -1059,8 +1078,8 @@ base16_decode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen)
     return -1;
   end = src+srclen;
   while (src<end) {
-    v1 = _hex_decode_digit(*src);
-    v2 = _hex_decode_digit(*(src+1));
+    v1 = hex_decode_digit_(*src);
+    v2 = hex_decode_digit_(*(src+1));
     if (v1<0||v2<0)
       return -1;
     *(uint8_t*)dest = (v1<<4)|v2;
@@ -1160,130 +1179,21 @@ esc_for_log(const char *s)
 const char *
 escaped(const char *s)
 {
-  static char *_escaped_val = NULL;
-  tor_free(_escaped_val);
+  static char *escaped_val_ = NULL;
+  tor_free(escaped_val_);
 
   if (s)
-    _escaped_val = esc_for_log(s);
+    escaped_val_ = esc_for_log(s);
   else
-    _escaped_val = NULL;
+    escaped_val_ = NULL;
 
-  return _escaped_val;
-}
-
-/** Rudimentary string wrapping code: given a un-wrapped <b>string</b> (no
- * newlines!), break the string into newline-terminated lines of no more than
- * <b>width</b> characters long (not counting newline) and insert them into
- * <b>out</b> in order.  Precede the first line with prefix0, and subsequent
- * lines with prefixRest.
- */
-/* This uses a stupid greedy wrapping algorithm right now:
- *  - For each line:
- *    - Try to fit as much stuff as possible, but break on a space.
- *    - If the first "word" of the line will extend beyond the allowable
- *      width, break the word at the end of the width.
- */
-void
-wrap_string(smartlist_t *out, const char *string, size_t width,
-            const char *prefix0, const char *prefixRest)
-{
-  size_t p0Len, pRestLen, pCurLen;
-  const char *eos, *prefixCur;
-  tor_assert(out);
-  tor_assert(string);
-  tor_assert(width);
-  if (!prefix0)
-    prefix0 = "";
-  if (!prefixRest)
-    prefixRest = "";
-
-  p0Len = strlen(prefix0);
-  pRestLen = strlen(prefixRest);
-  tor_assert(width > p0Len && width > pRestLen);
-  eos = strchr(string, '\0');
-  tor_assert(eos);
-  pCurLen = p0Len;
-  prefixCur = prefix0;
-
-  while ((eos-string)+pCurLen > width) {
-    const char *eol = string + width - pCurLen;
-    while (eol > string && *eol != ' ')
-      --eol;
-    /* eol is now the last space that can fit, or the start of the string. */
-    if (eol > string) {
-      size_t line_len = (eol-string) + pCurLen + 2;
-      char *line = tor_malloc(line_len);
-      memcpy(line, prefixCur, pCurLen);
-      memcpy(line+pCurLen, string, eol-string);
-      line[line_len-2] = '\n';
-      line[line_len-1] = '\0';
-      smartlist_add(out, line);
-      string = eol + 1;
-    } else {
-      size_t line_len = width + 2;
-      char *line = tor_malloc(line_len);
-      memcpy(line, prefixCur, pCurLen);
-      memcpy(line+pCurLen, string, width - pCurLen);
-      line[line_len-2] = '\n';
-      line[line_len-1] = '\0';
-      smartlist_add(out, line);
-      string += width-pCurLen;
-    }
-    prefixCur = prefixRest;
-    pCurLen = pRestLen;
-  }
-
-  if (string < eos) {
-    size_t line_len = (eos-string) + pCurLen + 2;
-    char *line = tor_malloc(line_len);
-    memcpy(line, prefixCur, pCurLen);
-    memcpy(line+pCurLen, string, eos-string);
-    line[line_len-2] = '\n';
-    line[line_len-1] = '\0';
-    smartlist_add(out, line);
-  }
+  return escaped_val_;
 }
 
 /* =====
  * Time
  * ===== */
 
-/**
- * Converts struct timeval to a double value.
- * Preserves microsecond precision, but just barely.
- * Error is approx +/- 0.1 usec when dealing with epoch values.
- */
-double
-tv_to_double(const struct timeval *tv)
-{
-  double conv = tv->tv_sec;
-  conv += tv->tv_usec/1000000.0;
-  return conv;
-}
-
-/**
- * Converts timeval to milliseconds.
- */
-int64_t
-tv_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv)
-{
-  int64_t conv = ((int64_t)tv->tv_sec)*1000L;
-  /* Round ghetto-style */
-  conv += ((int64_t)tv->tv_usec+500)/1000L;
-  return conv;
-}
-
-/**
- * Converts timeval to microseconds.
- */
-int64_t
-tv_to_usec(const struct timeval *tv)
-{
-  int64_t conv = ((int64_t)tv->tv_sec)*1000000L;
-  conv += tv->tv_usec;
-  return conv;
-}
-
 /** Return the number of microseconds elapsed between *start and *end.
  */
 long
@@ -1322,6 +1232,18 @@ tv_mdiff(const struct timeval *start, const struct timeval *end)
   return mdiff;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Converts timeval to milliseconds.
+ */
+int64_t
+tv_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv)
+{
+  int64_t conv = ((int64_t)tv->tv_sec)*1000L;
+  /* Round ghetto-style */
+  conv += ((int64_t)tv->tv_usec+500)/1000L;
+  return conv;
+}
+
 /** Yield true iff <b>y</b> is a leap-year. */
 #define IS_LEAPYEAR(y) (!(y % 4) && ((y % 100) || !(y % 400)))
 /** Helper: Return the number of leap-days between Jan 1, y1 and Jan 1, y2. */
@@ -1336,7 +1258,7 @@ n_leapdays(int y1, int y2)
 static const int days_per_month[] =
   { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
 
-/** Compute a time_t given a struct tm.  The result is given in GMT, and
+/** Compute a time_t given a struct tm.  The result is given in UTC, and
  * does not account for leap seconds.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  */
 int
@@ -1377,10 +1299,11 @@ static const char *MONTH_NAMES[] =
   { "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
     "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" };
 
-/** Set <b>buf</b> to the RFC1123 encoding of the GMT value of <b>t</b>.
+/** Set <b>buf</b> to the RFC1123 encoding of the UTC value of <b>t</b>.
  * The buffer must be at least RFC1123_TIME_LEN+1 bytes long.
  *
- * (RFC1123 format is Fri, 29 Sep 2006 15:54:20 GMT)
+ * (RFC1123 format is "Fri, 29 Sep 2006 15:54:20 GMT". Note the "GMT"
+ * rather than "UTC".)
  */
 void
 format_rfc1123_time(char *buf, time_t t)
@@ -1398,8 +1321,11 @@ format_rfc1123_time(char *buf, time_t t)
   memcpy(buf+8, MONTH_NAMES[tm.tm_mon], 3);
 }
 
-/** Parse the RFC1123 encoding of some time (in GMT) from <b>buf</b>,
- * and store the result in *<b>t</b>.
+/** Parse the (a subset of) the RFC1123 encoding of some time (in UTC) from
+ * <b>buf</b>, and store the result in *<b>t</b>.
+ *
+ * Note that we only accept the subset generated by format_rfc1123_time above,
+ * not the full range of formats suggested by RFC 1123.
  *
  * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
@@ -1827,6 +1753,10 @@ file_status(const char *fname)
     return FN_DIR;
   else if (st.st_mode & S_IFREG)
     return FN_FILE;
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  else if (st.st_mode & S_IFIFO)
+    return FN_FILE;
+#endif
   else
     return FN_ERROR;
 }
@@ -2257,6 +2187,46 @@ write_bytes_to_new_file(const char *fname, const char *str, size_t len,
                                   (bin?O_BINARY:O_TEXT));
 }
 
+/**
+ * Read the contents of the open file <b>fd</b> presuming it is a FIFO
+ * (or similar) file descriptor for which the size of the file isn't
+ * known ahead of time. Return NULL on failure, and a NUL-terminated
+ * string on success.  On success, set <b>sz_out</b> to the number of
+ * bytes read.
+ */
+char *
+read_file_to_str_until_eof(int fd, size_t max_bytes_to_read, size_t *sz_out)
+{
+  ssize_t r;
+  size_t pos = 0;
+  char *string = NULL;
+  size_t string_max = 0;
+
+  if (max_bytes_to_read+1 >= SIZE_T_CEILING)
+    return NULL;
+
+  do {
+    /* XXXX This "add 1K" approach is a little goofy; if we care about
+     * performance here, we should be doubling.  But in practice we shouldn't
+     * be using this function on big files anyway. */
+    string_max = pos + 1024;
+    if (string_max > max_bytes_to_read)
+      string_max = max_bytes_to_read + 1;
+    string = tor_realloc(string, string_max);
+    r = read(fd, string + pos, string_max - pos - 1);
+    if (r < 0) {
+      tor_free(string);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pos += r;
+  } while (r > 0 && pos < max_bytes_to_read);
+
+  *sz_out = pos;
+  string[pos] = '\0';
+  return string;
+}
+
 /** Read the contents of <b>filename</b> into a newly allocated
  * string; return the string on success or NULL on failure.
  *
@@ -2305,8 +2275,26 @@ read_file_to_str(const char *filename, int flags, struct stat *stat_out)
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  if ((uint64_t)(statbuf.st_size)+1 >= SIZE_T_CEILING)
+#ifndef _WIN32
+/** When we detect that we're reading from a FIFO, don't read more than
+ * this many bytes.  It's insane overkill for most uses. */
+#define FIFO_READ_MAX (1024*1024)
+  if (S_ISFIFO(statbuf.st_mode)) {
+    size_t sz = 0;
+    string = read_file_to_str_until_eof(fd, FIFO_READ_MAX, &sz);
+    if (string && stat_out) {
+      statbuf.st_size = sz;
+      memcpy(stat_out, &statbuf, sizeof(struct stat));
+    }
+    close(fd);
+    return string;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if ((uint64_t)(statbuf.st_size)+1 >= SIZE_T_CEILING) {
+    close(fd);
     return NULL;
+  }
 
   string = tor_malloc((size_t)(statbuf.st_size+1));
 
@@ -2466,10 +2454,13 @@ unescape_string(const char *s, char **result, size_t *size_out)
  * key portion and *<b>value_out</b> to a new string holding the value portion
  * of the line, and return a pointer to the start of the next line.  If we run
  * out of data, return a pointer to the end of the string.  If we encounter an
- * error, return NULL.
+ * error, return NULL and set *<b>err_out</b> (if provided) to an error
+ * message.
  */
 const char *
-parse_config_line_from_str(const char *line, char **key_out, char **value_out)
+parse_config_line_from_str_verbose(const char *line, char **key_out,
+                                   char **value_out,
+                                   const char **err_out)
 {
   /* I believe the file format here is supposed to be:
      FILE = (EMPTYLINE | LINE)* (EMPTYLASTLINE | LASTLINE)?
@@ -2543,12 +2534,18 @@ parse_config_line_from_str(const char *line, char **key_out, char **value_out)
 
   /* Find the end of the line. */
   if (*line == '\"') { // XXX No continuation handling is done here
-    if (!(line = unescape_string(line, value_out, NULL)))
-       return NULL;
+    if (!(line = unescape_string(line, value_out, NULL))) {
+      if (err_out)
+        *err_out = "Invalid escape sequence in quoted string";
+      return NULL;
+    }
     while (*line == ' ' || *line == '\t')
       ++line;
-    if (*line && *line != '#' && *line != '\n')
+    if (*line && *line != '#' && *line != '\n') {
+      if (err_out)
+        *err_out = "Excess data after quoted string";
       return NULL;
+    }
   } else {
     /* Look for the end of the line. */
     while (*line && *line != '\n' && (*line != '#' || continuation)) {
@@ -2683,9 +2680,9 @@ digit_to_num(char d)
  * success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the next
  * character, and return 0.  On failure, return -1. */
 static int
-scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base)
+scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned long *out, int width, int base)
 {
-  unsigned result = 0;
+  unsigned long result = 0;
   int scanned_so_far = 0;
   const int hex = base==16;
   tor_assert(base == 10 || base == 16);
@@ -2697,8 +2694,8 @@ scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base)
   while (**bufp && (hex?TOR_ISXDIGIT(**bufp):TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp))
          && scanned_so_far < width) {
     int digit = hex?hex_decode_digit(*(*bufp)++):digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++);
-    unsigned new_result = result * base + digit;
-    if (new_result > UINT32_MAX || new_result < result)
+    unsigned long new_result = result * base + digit;
+    if (new_result < result)
       return -1; /* over/underflow. */
     result = new_result;
     ++scanned_so_far;
@@ -2711,6 +2708,89 @@ scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base)
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Helper: Read an signed int from *<b>bufp</b> of up to <b>width</b>
+ * characters.  (Handle arbitrary width if <b>width</b> is less than 0.)  On
+ * success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the next
+ * character, and return 0.  On failure, return -1. */
+static int
+scan_signed(const char **bufp, long *out, int width)
+{
+  int neg = 0;
+  unsigned long result = 0;
+
+  if (!bufp || !*bufp || !out)
+    return -1;
+  if (width<0)
+    width=MAX_SCANF_WIDTH;
+
+  if (**bufp == '-') {
+    neg = 1;
+    ++*bufp;
+    --width;
+  }
+
+  if (scan_unsigned(bufp, &result, width, 10) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (neg) {
+    if (result > ((unsigned long)LONG_MAX) + 1)
+      return -1; /* Underflow */
+    *out = -(long)result;
+  } else {
+    if (result > LONG_MAX)
+      return -1; /* Overflow */
+    *out = (long)result;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Helper: Read a decimal-formatted double from *<b>bufp</b> of up to
+ * <b>width</b> characters.  (Handle arbitrary width if <b>width</b> is less
+ * than 0.)  On success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the
+ * next character, and return 0.  On failure, return -1. */
+static int
+scan_double(const char **bufp, double *out, int width)
+{
+  int neg = 0;
+  double result = 0;
+  int scanned_so_far = 0;
+
+  if (!bufp || !*bufp || !out)
+    return -1;
+  if (width<0)
+    width=MAX_SCANF_WIDTH;
+
+  if (**bufp == '-') {
+    neg = 1;
+    ++*bufp;
+  }
+
+  while (**bufp && TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp) && scanned_so_far < width) {
+    const int digit = digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++);
+    result = result * 10 + digit;
+    ++scanned_so_far;
+  }
+  if (**bufp == '.') {
+    double fracval = 0, denominator = 1;
+    ++*bufp;
+    ++scanned_so_far;
+    while (**bufp && TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp) && scanned_so_far < width) {
+      const int digit = digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++);
+      fracval = fracval * 10 + digit;
+      denominator *= 10;
+      ++scanned_so_far;
+    }
+    result += fracval / denominator;
+  }
+
+  if (!scanned_so_far) /* No actual digits scanned */
+    return -1;
+
+  *out = neg ? -result : result;
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /** Helper: copy up to <b>width</b> non-space characters from <b>bufp</b> to
  * <b>out</b>.  Make sure <b>out</b> is nul-terminated. Advance <b>bufp</b>
  * to the next non-space character or the EOS. */
@@ -2747,6 +2827,7 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
       }
     } else {
       int width = -1;
+      int longmod = 0;
       ++pattern;
       if (TOR_ISDIGIT(*pattern)) {
         width = digit_to_num(*pattern++);
@@ -2759,17 +2840,57 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
         if (!width) /* No zero-width things. */
           return -1;
       }
+      if (*pattern == 'l') {
+        longmod = 1;
+        ++pattern;
+      }
       if (*pattern == 'u' || *pattern == 'x') {
-        unsigned *u = va_arg(ap, unsigned *);
+        unsigned long u;
         const int base = (*pattern == 'u') ? 10 : 16;
         if (!*buf)
           return n_matched;
-        if (scan_unsigned(&buf, u, width, base)<0)
+        if (scan_unsigned(&buf, &u, width, base)<0)
+          return n_matched;
+        if (longmod) {
+          unsigned long *out = va_arg(ap, unsigned long *);
+          *out = u;
+        } else {
+          unsigned *out = va_arg(ap, unsigned *);
+          if (u > UINT_MAX)
+            return n_matched;
+          *out = (unsigned) u;
+        }
+        ++pattern;
+        ++n_matched;
+      } else if (*pattern == 'f') {
+        double *d = va_arg(ap, double *);
+        if (!longmod)
+          return -1; /* float not supported */
+        if (!*buf)
+          return n_matched;
+        if (scan_double(&buf, d, width)<0)
           return n_matched;
         ++pattern;
         ++n_matched;
+      } else if (*pattern == 'd') {
+        long lng=0;
+        if (scan_signed(&buf, &lng, width)<0)
+          return n_matched;
+        if (longmod) {
+          long *out = va_arg(ap, long *);
+          *out = lng;
+        } else {
+          int *out = va_arg(ap, int *);
+          if (lng < INT_MIN || lng > INT_MAX)
+            return n_matched;
+          *out = (int)lng;
+        }
+        ++pattern;
+        ++n_matched;
       } else if (*pattern == 's') {
         char *s = va_arg(ap, char *);
+        if (longmod)
+          return -1;
         if (width < 0)
           return -1;
         if (scan_string(&buf, s, width)<0)
@@ -2778,6 +2899,8 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
         ++n_matched;
       } else if (*pattern == 'c') {
         char *ch = va_arg(ap, char *);
+        if (longmod)
+          return -1;
         if (width != -1)
           return -1;
         if (!*buf)
@@ -2788,6 +2911,8 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
       } else if (*pattern == '%') {
         if (*buf != '%')
           return n_matched;
+        if (longmod)
+          return -1;
         ++buf;
         ++pattern;
       } else {
@@ -2801,9 +2926,14 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
 
 /** Minimal sscanf replacement: parse <b>buf</b> according to <b>pattern</b>
  * and store the results in the corresponding argument fields.  Differs from
- * sscanf in that it: Only handles %u, %x, %c and %Ns.  Does not handle
- * arbitrarily long widths. %u and %x do not consume any space.  Is
- * locale-independent.  Returns -1 on malformed patterns.
+ * sscanf in that:
+ * <ul><li>It only handles %u, %lu, %x, %lx, %<NUM>s, %d, %ld, %lf, and %c.
+ *     <li>It only handles decimal inputs for %lf. (12.3, not 1.23e1)
+ *     <li>It does not handle arbitrarily long widths.
+ *     <li>Numbers do not consume any space characters.
+ *     <li>It is locale-independent.
+ *     <li>%u and %x do not consume any space.
+ *     <li>It returns -1 on malformed patterns.</ul>
  *
  * (As with other locale-independent functions, we need this to parse data that
  * is in ASCII without worrying that the C library's locale-handling will make
@@ -3630,12 +3760,13 @@ tor_spawn_background(const char *const filename, const char **argv,
   child_state = CHILD_STATE_MAXFD;
 
 #ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
-  if (-1 != max_fd) {
+  if (-1 == max_fd) {
     max_fd = (int) sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
-    if (max_fd == -1)
+    if (max_fd == -1) {
       max_fd = DEFAULT_MAX_FD;
       log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
                "Cannot find maximum file descriptor, assuming %d", max_fd);
+    }
   }
 #else
   max_fd = DEFAULT_MAX_FD;
@@ -3784,10 +3915,17 @@ tor_process_handle_destroy(process_handle_t *process_handle,
 
   if (also_terminate_process) {
     if (tor_terminate_process(process_handle) < 0) {
-      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Failed to terminate process with PID '%d'",
-                 tor_process_get_pid(process_handle));
+      const char *errstr =
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        format_win32_error(GetLastError());
+#else
+        strerror(errno);
+#endif
+      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Failed to terminate process with "
+                 "PID '%d' ('%s').", tor_process_get_pid(process_handle),
+                 errstr);
     } else {
-      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Terminated process with PID '%d'",
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Terminated process with PID '%d'.",
                tor_process_get_pid(process_handle));
     }
   }
@@ -4255,7 +4393,70 @@ tor_split_lines(smartlist_t *sl, char *buf, int len)
   return smartlist_len(sl);
 }
 
+/** Return a string corresponding to <b>stream_status</b>. */
+const char *
+stream_status_to_string(enum stream_status stream_status)
+{
+  switch (stream_status) {
+    case IO_STREAM_OKAY:
+      return "okay";
+    case IO_STREAM_EAGAIN:
+      return "temporarily unavailable";
+    case IO_STREAM_TERM:
+      return "terminated";
+    case IO_STREAM_CLOSED:
+      return "closed";
+    default:
+      tor_fragile_assert();
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+}
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
+
+/** Return a smartlist containing lines outputted from
+ *  <b>handle</b>. Return NULL on error, and set
+ *  <b>stream_status_out</b> appropriately. */
+smartlist_t *
+tor_get_lines_from_handle(HANDLE *handle,
+                          enum stream_status *stream_status_out)
+{
+  int pos;
+  char stdout_buf[600] = {0};
+  smartlist_t *lines = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(stream_status_out);
+
+  *stream_status_out = IO_STREAM_TERM;
+
+  pos = tor_read_all_handle(handle, stdout_buf, sizeof(stdout_buf) - 1, NULL);
+  if (pos < 0) {
+    *stream_status_out = IO_STREAM_TERM;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (pos == 0) {
+    *stream_status_out = IO_STREAM_EAGAIN;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* End with a null even if there isn't a \r\n at the end */
+  /* TODO: What if this is a partial line? */
+  stdout_buf[pos] = '\0';
+
+  /* Split up the buffer */
+  lines = smartlist_new();
+  tor_split_lines(lines, stdout_buf, pos);
+
+  /* Currently 'lines' is populated with strings residing on the
+     stack. Replace them with their exact copies on the heap: */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lines, char *, line,
+                    SMARTLIST_REPLACE_CURRENT(lines, line, tor_strdup(line)));
+
+  *stream_status_out = IO_STREAM_OKAY;
+
+  return lines;
+}
+
 /** Read from stream, and send lines to log at the specified log level.
  * Returns -1 if there is a error reading, and 0 otherwise.
  * If the generated stream is flushed more often than on new lines, or
@@ -4303,6 +4504,33 @@ log_from_handle(HANDLE *pipe, int severity)
 
 #else
 
+/** Return a smartlist containing lines outputted from
+ *  <b>handle</b>. Return NULL on error, and set
+ *  <b>stream_status_out</b> appropriately. */
+smartlist_t *
+tor_get_lines_from_handle(FILE *handle, enum stream_status *stream_status_out)
+{
+  enum stream_status stream_status;
+  char stdout_buf[400];
+  smartlist_t *lines = NULL;
+
+  while (1) {
+    memset(stdout_buf, 0, sizeof(stdout_buf));
+
+    stream_status = get_string_from_pipe(handle,
+                                         stdout_buf, sizeof(stdout_buf) - 1);
+    if (stream_status != IO_STREAM_OKAY)
+      goto done;
+
+    if (!lines) lines = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(lines, tor_strdup(stdout_buf));
+  }
+
+ done:
+  *stream_status_out = stream_status;
+  return lines;
+}
+
 /** Read from stream, and send lines to log at the specified log level.
  * Returns 1 if stream is closed normally, -1 if there is a error reading, and
  * 0 otherwise. Handles lines from tor-fw-helper and
@@ -4421,9 +4649,130 @@ get_string_from_pipe(FILE *stream, char *buf_out, size_t count)
   return IO_STREAM_TERM;
 }
 
-/* DOCDOC tor_check_port_forwarding */
+/** Parse a <b>line</b> from tor-fw-helper and issue an appropriate
+ *  log message to our user. */
+static void
+handle_fw_helper_line(const char *line)
+{
+  smartlist_t *tokens = smartlist_new();
+  char *message = NULL;
+  char *message_for_log = NULL;
+  const char *external_port = NULL;
+  const char *internal_port = NULL;
+  const char *result = NULL;
+  int port = 0;
+  int success = 0;
+
+  smartlist_split_string(tokens, line, NULL,
+                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(tokens) < 5)
+    goto err;
+
+  if (strcmp(smartlist_get(tokens, 0), "tor-fw-helper") ||
+      strcmp(smartlist_get(tokens, 1), "tcp-forward"))
+    goto err;
+
+  external_port = smartlist_get(tokens, 2);
+  internal_port = smartlist_get(tokens, 3);
+  result = smartlist_get(tokens, 4);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(tokens) > 5) {
+    /* If there are more than 5 tokens, they are part of [<message>].
+       Let's use a second smartlist to form the whole message;
+       strncat loops suck. */
+    int i;
+    int message_words_n = smartlist_len(tokens) - 5;
+    smartlist_t *message_sl = smartlist_new();
+    for (i = 0; i < message_words_n; i++)
+      smartlist_add(message_sl, smartlist_get(tokens, 5+i));
+
+    tor_assert(smartlist_len(message_sl) > 0);
+    message = smartlist_join_strings(message_sl, " ", 0, NULL);
+
+    /* wrap the message in log-friendly wrapping */
+    tor_asprintf(&message_for_log, " ('%s')", message);
+
+    smartlist_free(message_sl);
+  }
+
+  port = atoi(external_port);
+  if (port < 1 || port > 65535)
+    goto err;
+
+  port = atoi(internal_port);
+  if (port < 1 || port > 65535)
+    goto err;
+
+  if (!strcmp(result, "SUCCESS"))
+    success = 1;
+  else if (!strcmp(result, "FAIL"))
+    success = 0;
+  else
+    goto err;
+
+  if (!success) {
+    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Tor was unable to forward TCP port '%s' to '%s'%s. "
+             "Please make sure that your router supports port "
+             "forwarding protocols (like NAT-PMP). Note that if '%s' is "
+             "your ORPort, your relay will be unable to receive inbound "
+             "traffic.", external_port, internal_port,
+             message_for_log ? message_for_log : "",
+             internal_port);
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL,
+             "Tor successfully forwarded TCP port '%s' to '%s'%s.",
+             external_port, internal_port,
+             message_for_log ? message_for_log : "");
+  }
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "tor-fw-helper sent us a string we could not "
+           "parse (%s).", line);
+
+ done:
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(tokens);
+  tor_free(message);
+  tor_free(message_for_log);
+}
+
+/** Read what tor-fw-helper has to say in its stdout and handle it
+ *  appropriately */
+static int
+handle_fw_helper_output(process_handle_t *process_handle)
+{
+  smartlist_t *fw_helper_output = NULL;
+  enum stream_status stream_status = 0;
+
+  fw_helper_output =
+    tor_get_lines_from_handle(tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(process_handle),
+                              &stream_status);
+  if (!fw_helper_output) { /* didn't get any output from tor-fw-helper */
+    /* if EAGAIN we should retry in the future */
+    return (stream_status == IO_STREAM_EAGAIN) ? 0 : -1;
+  }
+
+  /* Handle the lines we got: */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(fw_helper_output, char *, line) {
+    handle_fw_helper_line(line);
+    tor_free(line);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(line);
+
+  smartlist_free(fw_helper_output);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Spawn tor-fw-helper and ask it to forward the ports in
+ *  <b>ports_to_forward</b>. <b>ports_to_forward</b> contains strings
+ *  of the form "<external port>:<internal port>", which is the format
+ *  that tor-fw-helper expects. */
 void
-tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename, int dir_port, int or_port,
+tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename,
+                          smartlist_t *ports_to_forward,
                           time_t now)
 {
 /* When fw-helper succeeds, how long do we wait until running it again */
@@ -4437,32 +4786,51 @@ tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename, int dir_port, int or_port,
   static process_handle_t *child_handle=NULL;
 
   static time_t time_to_run_helper = 0;
-  int stdout_status, stderr_status, retval;
-  const char *argv[10];
-  char s_dirport[6], s_orport[6];
+  int stderr_status, retval;
+  int stdout_status = 0;
 
   tor_assert(filename);
 
-  /* Set up command line for tor-fw-helper */
-  snprintf(s_dirport, sizeof s_dirport, "%d", dir_port);
-  snprintf(s_orport, sizeof s_orport, "%d", or_port);
-
-  /* TODO: Allow different internal and external ports */
-  argv[0] = filename;
-  argv[1] = "--internal-or-port";
-  argv[2] = s_orport;
-  argv[3] = "--external-or-port";
-  argv[4] = s_orport;
-  argv[5] = "--internal-dir-port";
-  argv[6] = s_dirport;
-  argv[7] = "--external-dir-port";
-  argv[8] = s_dirport;
-  argv[9] = NULL;
-
   /* Start the child, if it is not already running */
   if ((!child_handle || child_handle->status != PROCESS_STATUS_RUNNING) &&
       time_to_run_helper < now) {
-    int status;
+    /*tor-fw-helper cli looks like this: tor_fw_helper -p :5555 -p 4555:1111 */
+    const char **argv; /* cli arguments */
+    int args_n, status;
+    int argv_index = 0; /* index inside 'argv' */
+
+    tor_assert(smartlist_len(ports_to_forward) > 0);
+
+    /* check for overflow during 'argv' allocation:
+       (len(ports_to_forward)*2 + 2)*sizeof(char*) > SIZE_MAX ==
+       len(ports_to_forward) > (((SIZE_MAX/sizeof(char*)) - 2)/2) */
+    if ((size_t) smartlist_len(ports_to_forward) >
+        (((SIZE_MAX/sizeof(char*)) - 2)/2)) {
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
+               "Overflow during argv allocation. This shouldn't happen.");
+      return;
+    }
+    /* check for overflow during 'argv_index' increase:
+       ((len(ports_to_forward)*2 + 2) > INT_MAX) ==
+       len(ports_to_forward) > (INT_MAX - 2)/2 */
+    if (smartlist_len(ports_to_forward) > (INT_MAX - 2)/2) {
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
+               "Overflow during argv_index increase. This shouldn't happen.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /* Calculate number of cli arguments: one for the filename, two
+       for each smartlist element (one for "-p" and one for the
+       ports), and one for the final NULL. */
+    args_n = 1 + 2*smartlist_len(ports_to_forward) + 1;
+    argv = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(char*)*args_n);
+
+    argv[argv_index++] = filename;
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(ports_to_forward, const char *, port) {
+      argv[argv_index++] = "-p";
+      argv[argv_index++] = port;
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port);
+    argv[argv_index] = NULL;
 
     /* Assume tor-fw-helper will succeed, start it later*/
     time_to_run_helper = now + TIME_TO_EXEC_FWHELPER_SUCCESS;
@@ -4479,6 +4847,9 @@ tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename, int dir_port, int or_port,
     status = tor_spawn_background(filename, argv, NULL, &child_handle);
 #endif
 
+    tor_free_((void*)argv);
+    argv=NULL;
+
     if (PROCESS_STATUS_ERROR == status) {
       log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Failed to start port forwarding helper %s",
               filename);
@@ -4496,16 +4867,17 @@ tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename, int dir_port, int or_port,
     /* Read from stdout/stderr and log result */
     retval = 0;
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    stdout_status = log_from_handle(child_handle->stdout_pipe, LOG_INFO);
-    stderr_status = log_from_handle(child_handle->stderr_pipe, LOG_WARN);
-    /* If we got this far (on Windows), the process started */
-    retval = 0;
+    stderr_status = log_from_handle(child_handle->stderr_pipe, LOG_INFO);
 #else
-    stdout_status = log_from_pipe(child_handle->stdout_handle,
-                    LOG_INFO, filename, &retval);
     stderr_status = log_from_pipe(child_handle->stderr_handle,
-                    LOG_WARN, filename, &retval);
+                                  LOG_INFO, filename, &retval);
 #endif
+    if (handle_fw_helper_output(child_handle) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Failed to handle fw helper output.");
+      stdout_status = -1;
+      retval = -1;
+    }
+
     if (retval) {
       /* There was a problem in the child process */
       time_to_run_helper = now + TIME_TO_EXEC_FWHELPER_FAIL;
@@ -4551,3 +4923,45 @@ tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename, int dir_port, int or_port,
   }
 }
 
+/** Initialize the insecure RNG <b>rng</b> from a seed value <b>seed</b>. */
+void
+tor_init_weak_random(tor_weak_rng_t *rng, unsigned seed)
+{
+  rng->state = (uint32_t)(seed & 0x7fffffff);
+}
+
+/** Return a randomly chosen value in the range 0..TOR_WEAK_RANDOM_MAX based
+ * on the RNG state of <b>rng</b>.  This entropy will not be cryptographically
+ * strong; do not rely on it for anything an adversary should not be able to
+ * predict. */
+int32_t
+tor_weak_random(tor_weak_rng_t *rng)
+{
+  /* Here's a linear congruential generator. OpenBSD and glibc use these
+   * parameters; they aren't too bad, and should have maximal period over the
+   * range 0..INT32_MAX. We don't want to use the platform rand() or random(),
+   * since some platforms have bad weak RNGs that only return values in the
+   * range 0..INT16_MAX, which just isn't enough. */
+  rng->state = (rng->state * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7fffffff;
+  return (int32_t) rng->state;
+}
+
+/** Return a random number in the range [0 , <b>top</b>). {That is, the range
+ * of integers i such that 0 <= i < top.}  Chooses uniformly.  Requires that
+ * top is greater than 0. This randomness is not cryptographically strong; do
+ * not rely on it for anything an adversary should not be able to predict. */
+int32_t
+tor_weak_random_range(tor_weak_rng_t *rng, int32_t top)
+{
+  /* We don't want to just do tor_weak_random() % top, since random() is often
+   * implemented with an LCG whose modulus is a power of 2, and those are
+   * cyclic in their low-order bits. */
+  int divisor, result;
+  tor_assert(top > 0);
+  divisor = TOR_WEAK_RANDOM_MAX / top;
+  do {
+    result = (int32_t)(tor_weak_random(rng) / divisor);
+  } while (result >= top);
+  return result;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/common/util.h b/src/common/util.h
index 8977d273c5..73daa6e2a1 100644
--- a/src/common/util.h
+++ b/src/common/util.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  * \brief Headers for util.c
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_UTIL_H
-#define _TOR_UTIL_H
+#ifndef TOR_UTIL_H
+#define TOR_UTIL_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "torint.h"
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
 #define tor_assert(expr) STMT_BEGIN                                     \
     if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(!(expr))) {                                    \
       log_err(LD_BUG, "%s:%d: %s: Assertion %s failed; aborting.",      \
-          _SHORT_FILE_, __LINE__, __func__, #expr);                     \
+          SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, #expr);                     \
       fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d %s: Assertion %s failed; aborting.\n",      \
-              _SHORT_FILE_, __LINE__, __func__, #expr);                 \
+              SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, #expr);                 \
       abort();                                                          \
     } STMT_END
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
  * to calls. */
 #ifdef USE_DMALLOC
 #define DMALLOC_PARAMS , const char *file, const int line
-#define DMALLOC_ARGS , _SHORT_FILE_, __LINE__
+#define DMALLOC_ARGS , SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__
 #else
 #define DMALLOC_PARAMS
 #define DMALLOC_ARGS
@@ -74,23 +74,24 @@
 #define tor_fragile_assert()
 
 /* Memory management */
-void *_tor_malloc(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
-void *_tor_malloc_zero(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
-void *_tor_malloc_roundup(size_t *size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
-void *_tor_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
-void *_tor_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS);
-char *_tor_strdup(const char *s DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC ATTR_NONNULL((1));
-char *_tor_strndup(const char *s, size_t n DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+void *tor_malloc_(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
+void *tor_malloc_zero_(size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
+void *tor_calloc_(size_t nmemb, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC;
+void *tor_realloc_(void *ptr, size_t size DMALLOC_PARAMS);
+char *tor_strdup_(const char *s DMALLOC_PARAMS) ATTR_MALLOC ATTR_NONNULL((1));
+char *tor_strndup_(const char *s, size_t n DMALLOC_PARAMS)
   ATTR_MALLOC ATTR_NONNULL((1));
-void *_tor_memdup(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+void *tor_memdup_(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
   ATTR_MALLOC ATTR_NONNULL((1));
-void _tor_free(void *mem);
+void *tor_memdup_nulterm_(const void *mem, size_t len DMALLOC_PARAMS)
+  ATTR_MALLOC ATTR_NONNULL((1));
+void tor_free_(void *mem);
 #ifdef USE_DMALLOC
 extern int dmalloc_free(const char *file, const int line, void *pnt,
                         const int func_id);
 #define tor_free(p) STMT_BEGIN \
     if (PREDICT_LIKELY((p)!=NULL)) {                \
-      dmalloc_free(_SHORT_FILE_, __LINE__, (p), 0); \
+      dmalloc_free(SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__, (p), 0); \
       (p)=NULL;                                     \
     }                                               \
   STMT_END
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ extern int dmalloc_free(const char *file, const int line, void *pnt,
  * and it sets the pointer value to NULL after freeing it.
  *
  * This is a macro.  If you need a function pointer to release memory from
- * tor_malloc(), use _tor_free().
+ * tor_malloc(), use tor_free_().
  */
 #define tor_free(p) STMT_BEGIN                                 \
     if (PREDICT_LIKELY((p)!=NULL)) {                           \
@@ -110,14 +111,14 @@ extern int dmalloc_free(const char *file, const int line, void *pnt,
   STMT_END
 #endif
 
-#define tor_malloc(size)       _tor_malloc(size DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_malloc_zero(size)  _tor_malloc_zero(size DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_calloc(nmemb,size) _tor_calloc(nmemb, size DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_malloc_roundup(szp) _tor_malloc_roundup(szp DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_realloc(ptr, size) _tor_realloc(ptr, size DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_strdup(s)          _tor_strdup(s DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_strndup(s, n)      _tor_strndup(s, n DMALLOC_ARGS)
-#define tor_memdup(s, n)       _tor_memdup(s, n DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_malloc(size)       tor_malloc_(size DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_malloc_zero(size)  tor_malloc_zero_(size DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_calloc(nmemb,size) tor_calloc_(nmemb, size DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_realloc(ptr, size) tor_realloc_(ptr, size DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_strdup(s)          tor_strdup_(s DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_strndup(s, n)      tor_strndup_(s, n DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_memdup(s, n)       tor_memdup_(s, n DMALLOC_ARGS)
+#define tor_memdup_nulterm(s, n)       tor_memdup_nulterm_(s, n DMALLOC_ARGS)
 
 void tor_log_mallinfo(int severity);
 
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ void tor_log_mallinfo(int severity);
 /* Math functions */
 double tor_mathlog(double d) ATTR_CONST;
 long tor_lround(double d) ATTR_CONST;
+int64_t tor_llround(double d) ATTR_CONST;
 int tor_log2(uint64_t u64) ATTR_CONST;
 uint64_t round_to_power_of_2(uint64_t u64);
 unsigned round_to_next_multiple_of(unsigned number, unsigned divisor);
@@ -173,6 +175,17 @@ int n_bits_set_u8(uint8_t v);
  * overflow. */
 #define CEIL_DIV(a,b) (((a)+(b)-1)/(b))
 
+/* Return <b>v</b> if it's between <b>min</b> and <b>max</b>.  Otherwise
+ * return <b>min</b> if <b>v</b> is smaller than <b>min</b>, or <b>max</b> if
+ * <b>b</b> is larger than <b>max</b>.
+ *
+ * Requires that <b>min</b> is no more than <b>max</b>. May evaluate any of
+ * its arguments more than once! */
+#define CLAMP(min,v,max)                        \
+  ( ((v) < (min)) ? (min) :                     \
+    ((v) > (max)) ? (max) :                     \
+    (v) )
+
 /* String manipulation */
 
 /** Allowable characters in a hexadecimal string. */
@@ -188,6 +201,7 @@ int strcasecmpstart(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 int strcmpend(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 int strcasecmpend(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 int fast_memcmpstart(const void *mem, size_t memlen, const char *prefix);
+void tor_strclear(char *s);
 
 void tor_strstrip(char *s, const char *strip) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2));
 long tor_parse_long(const char *s, int base, long min,
@@ -215,8 +229,6 @@ int tor_digest256_is_zero(const char *digest);
 char *esc_for_log(const char *string) ATTR_MALLOC;
 const char *escaped(const char *string);
 struct smartlist_t;
-void wrap_string(struct smartlist_t *out, const char *string, size_t width,
-                 const char *prefix0, const char *prefixRest);
 int tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap)
 #ifdef __GNUC__
   __attribute__((format(scanf, 2, 0)))
@@ -239,11 +251,9 @@ void base16_encode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
 int base16_decode(char *dest, size_t destlen, const char *src, size_t srclen);
 
 /* Time helpers */
-double tv_to_double(const struct timeval *tv);
-int64_t tv_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv);
-int64_t tv_to_usec(const struct timeval *tv);
 long tv_udiff(const struct timeval *start, const struct timeval *end);
 long tv_mdiff(const struct timeval *start, const struct timeval *end);
+int64_t tv_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv);
 int tor_timegm(const struct tm *tm, time_t *time_out);
 #define RFC1123_TIME_LEN 29
 void format_rfc1123_time(char *buf, time_t t);
@@ -283,6 +293,15 @@ void update_approx_time(time_t now);
       }
     }
    </pre>
+
+   As a convenience wrapper for logging, you can replace the above with:
+   <pre>
+   if (possibly_very_frequent_event()) {
+     static ratelim_t warning_limit = RATELIM_INIT(300);
+     log_fn_ratelim(&warning_limit, LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL,
+                    "The event occurred!");
+   }
+   </pre>
  */
 typedef struct ratelim_t {
   int rate;
@@ -306,6 +325,8 @@ enum stream_status {
   IO_STREAM_CLOSED
 };
 
+const char *stream_status_to_string(enum stream_status stream_status);
+
 enum stream_status get_string_from_pipe(FILE *stream, char *buf, size_t count);
 
 /** Return values from file_status(); see that function's documentation
@@ -360,8 +381,14 @@ struct stat;
 #endif
 char *read_file_to_str(const char *filename, int flags, struct stat *stat_out)
   ATTR_MALLOC;
-const char *parse_config_line_from_str(const char *line,
-                                       char **key_out, char **value_out);
+char *read_file_to_str_until_eof(int fd, size_t max_bytes_to_read,
+                                 size_t *sz_out)
+  ATTR_MALLOC;
+const char *parse_config_line_from_str_verbose(const char *line,
+                                       char **key_out, char **value_out,
+                                       const char **err_out);
+#define parse_config_line_from_str(line,key_out,value_out) \
+  parse_config_line_from_str_verbose((line),(key_out),(value_out),NULL)
 char *expand_filename(const char *filename);
 struct smartlist_t *tor_listdir(const char *dirname);
 int path_is_relative(const char *filename);
@@ -373,7 +400,8 @@ void write_pidfile(char *filename);
 
 /* Port forwarding */
 void tor_check_port_forwarding(const char *filename,
-                               int dir_port, int or_port, time_t now);
+                               struct smartlist_t *ports_to_forward,
+                               time_t now);
 
 typedef struct process_handle_t process_handle_t;
 typedef struct process_environment_t process_environment_t;
@@ -464,10 +492,34 @@ HANDLE tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(process_handle_t *process_handle);
 FILE *tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(process_handle_t *process_handle);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+struct smartlist_t *
+tor_get_lines_from_handle(HANDLE *handle,
+                          enum stream_status *stream_status);
+#else
+struct smartlist_t *
+tor_get_lines_from_handle(FILE *handle,
+                          enum stream_status *stream_status);
+#endif
+
 int tor_terminate_process(process_handle_t *process_handle);
 void tor_process_handle_destroy(process_handle_t *process_handle,
                                 int also_terminate_process);
 
+/* ===== Insecure rng */
+typedef struct tor_weak_rng_t {
+  uint32_t state;
+} tor_weak_rng_t;
+
+#define TOR_WEAK_RNG_INIT {383745623}
+#define TOR_WEAK_RANDOM_MAX (INT_MAX)
+void tor_init_weak_random(tor_weak_rng_t *weak_rng, unsigned seed);
+int32_t tor_weak_random(tor_weak_rng_t *weak_rng);
+int32_t tor_weak_random_range(tor_weak_rng_t *rng, int32_t top);
+/** Randomly return true according to <b>rng</b> with probability 1 in
+ * <b>n</b> */
+#define tor_weak_random_one_in_n(rng, n) (0==tor_weak_random_range((rng),(n)))
+
 #ifdef UTIL_PRIVATE
 /* Prototypes for private functions only used by util.c (and unit tests) */
 
diff --git a/src/config/Makefile.am b/src/config/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 90dd218b40..0000000000
--- a/src/config/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-confdir = $(sysconfdir)/tor
-
-tordatadir = $(datadir)/tor
-
-EXTRA_DIST = geoip
-# fallback-consensus
-
-conf_DATA = torrc.sample
-
-tordata_DATA = geoip
-# fallback_consensus
-
-# If we don't have it, fake it.
-fallback-consensus:
-	touch fallback-consensus
-
diff --git a/src/config/README.geoip b/src/config/README.geoip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8520501405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/README.geoip
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+README.geoip -- information on the IP-to-country-code file shipped with tor
+===========================================================================
+
+The IP-to-country-code file in src/config/geoip is based on MaxMind's
+GeoLite Country database with the following modifications:
+
+ - Those "A1" ("Anonymous Proxy") entries lying inbetween two entries with
+   the same country code are automatically changed to that country code.
+   These changes can be overriden by specifying a different country code
+   in src/config/geoip-manual.
+
+ - Other "A1" entries are replaced with country codes specified in
+   src/config/geoip-manual, or are left as is if there is no corresponding
+   entry in that file.  Even non-"A1" entries can be modified by adding a
+   replacement entry to src/config/geoip-manual.  Handle with care.
+
+
+1. Updating the geoip file from a MaxMind database file
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+Download the most recent MaxMind GeoLite Country database:
+http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoIPCountryCSV.zip
+
+Run `python deanonymind.py` in the local directory.  Review the output to
+learn about applied automatic/manual changes and watch out for any
+warnings.
+
+Possibly edit geoip-manual to make more/fewer/different manual changes and
+re-run `python deanonymind.py`.
+
+When done, prepend the new geoip file with a comment like this:
+
+  # Last updated based on $DATE Maxmind GeoLite Country
+  # See README.geoip for details on the conversion.
+
+
+2. Verifying automatic and manual changes using diff
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+To unzip the original MaxMind file and look at the automatic changes, run:
+
+  unzip GeoIPCountryCSV.zip
+  diff -U1 GeoIPCountryWhois.csv AutomaticGeoIPCountryWhois.csv
+
+To look at subsequent manual changes, run:
+
+  diff -U1 AutomaticGeoIPCountryWhois.csv ManualGeoIPCountryWhois.csv
+
+To manually generate the geoip file and compare it to the automatically
+created one, run:
+
+  cut -d, -f3-5 < ManualGeoIPCountryWhois.csv | sed 's/"//g' > mygeoip
+  diff -U1 geoip mygeoip
+
+
+3. Verifying automatic and manual changes using blockfinder
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+Blockfinder is a powerful tool to handle multiple IP-to-country data
+sources.  Blockfinder has a function to specify a country code and compare
+conflicting country code assignments in different data sources.
+
+We can use blockfinder to compare A1 entries in the original MaxMind file
+with the same or overlapping blocks in the file generated above and in the
+RIR delegation files:
+
+  git clone https://github.com/ioerror/blockfinder
+  cd blockfinder/
+  python blockfinder -i
+  python blockfinder -r ../GeoIPCountryWhois.csv
+  python blockfinder -r ../ManualGeoIPCountryWhois.csv
+  python blockfinder -p A1 > A1-comparison.txt
+
+The output marks conflicts between assignments using either '*' in case of
+two different opinions or '#' for three or more different opinions about
+the country code for a given block.
+
+The '*' conflicts are most likely harmless, because there will always be
+at least two opinions with the original MaxMind file saying A1 and the
+other two sources saying something more meaningful.
+
+However, watch out for '#' conflicts.  In these cases, the original
+MaxMind file ("A1"), the updated MaxMind file (hopefully the correct
+country code), and the RIR delegation files (some other country code) all
+disagree.
+
+There are perfectly valid cases where the updated MaxMind file and the RIR
+delegation files don't agree.  But each of those cases must be verified
+manually.
+
diff --git a/src/config/deanonymind.py b/src/config/deanonymind.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c86dadca99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/deanonymind.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+import zipfile
+
+"""
+Take a MaxMind GeoLite Country database as input and replace A1 entries
+with the country code and name of the preceding entry iff the preceding
+(subsequent) entry ends (starts) directly before (after) the A1 entry and
+both preceding and subsequent entries contain the same country code.
+
+Then apply manual changes, either replacing A1 entries that could not be
+replaced automatically or overriding previously made automatic changes.
+"""
+
+def main():
+    options = parse_options()
+    assignments = read_file(options.in_maxmind)
+    assignments = apply_automatic_changes(assignments)
+    write_file(options.out_automatic, assignments)
+    manual_assignments = read_file(options.in_manual, must_exist=False)
+    assignments = apply_manual_changes(assignments, manual_assignments)
+    write_file(options.out_manual, assignments)
+    write_file(options.out_geoip, assignments, long_format=False)
+
+def parse_options():
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
+    parser.add_option('-i', action='store', dest='in_maxmind',
+            default='GeoIPCountryCSV.zip', metavar='FILE',
+            help='use the specified MaxMind GeoLite Country .zip or .csv '
+                 'file as input [default: %default]')
+    parser.add_option('-g', action='store', dest='in_manual',
+            default='geoip-manual', metavar='FILE',
+            help='use the specified .csv file for manual changes or to '
+                 'override automatic changes [default: %default]')
+    parser.add_option('-a', action='store', dest='out_automatic',
+            default="AutomaticGeoIPCountryWhois.csv", metavar='FILE',
+            help='write full input file plus automatic changes to the '
+                 'specified .csv file [default: %default]')
+    parser.add_option('-m', action='store', dest='out_manual',
+            default='ManualGeoIPCountryWhois.csv', metavar='FILE',
+            help='write full input file plus automatic and manual '
+                 'changes to the specified .csv file [default: %default]')
+    parser.add_option('-o', action='store', dest='out_geoip',
+            default='geoip', metavar='FILE',
+            help='write full input file plus automatic and manual '
+                 'changes to the specified .csv file that can be shipped '
+                 'with tor [default: %default]')
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
+    return options
+
+def read_file(path, must_exist=True):
+    if not os.path.exists(path):
+        if must_exist:
+            print 'File %s does not exist.  Exiting.' % (path, )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        else:
+            return
+    if path.endswith('.zip'):
+        zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(path)
+        csv_content = zip_file.read('GeoIPCountryWhois.csv')
+        zip_file.close()
+    else:
+        csv_file = open(path)
+        csv_content = csv_file.read()
+        csv_file.close()
+    assignments = []
+    for line in csv_content.split('\n'):
+        stripped_line = line.strip()
+        if len(stripped_line) > 0 and not stripped_line.startswith('#'):
+            assignments.append(stripped_line)
+    return assignments
+
+def apply_automatic_changes(assignments):
+    print '\nApplying automatic changes...'
+    result_lines = []
+    prev_line = None
+    a1_lines = []
+    for line in assignments:
+        if '"A1"' in line:
+            a1_lines.append(line)
+        else:
+            if len(a1_lines) > 0:
+                new_a1_lines = process_a1_lines(prev_line, a1_lines, line)
+                for new_a1_line in new_a1_lines:
+                    result_lines.append(new_a1_line)
+                a1_lines = []
+            result_lines.append(line)
+            prev_line = line
+    if len(a1_lines) > 0:
+        new_a1_lines = process_a1_lines(prev_line, a1_lines, None)
+        for new_a1_line in new_a1_lines:
+            result_lines.append(new_a1_line)
+    return result_lines
+
+def process_a1_lines(prev_line, a1_lines, next_line):
+    if not prev_line or not next_line:
+        return a1_lines   # Can't merge first or last line in file.
+    if len(a1_lines) > 1:
+        return a1_lines   # Can't merge more than 1 line at once.
+    a1_line = a1_lines[0].strip()
+    prev_entry = parse_line(prev_line)
+    a1_entry = parse_line(a1_line)
+    next_entry = parse_line(next_line)
+    touches_prev_entry = int(prev_entry['end_num']) + 1 == \
+            int(a1_entry['start_num'])
+    touches_next_entry = int(a1_entry['end_num']) + 1 == \
+            int(next_entry['start_num'])
+    same_country_code = prev_entry['country_code'] == \
+            next_entry['country_code']
+    if touches_prev_entry and touches_next_entry and same_country_code:
+        new_line = format_line_with_other_country(a1_entry, prev_entry)
+        print '-%s\n+%s' % (a1_line, new_line, )
+        return [new_line]
+    else:
+        return a1_lines
+
+def parse_line(line):
+    if not line:
+        return None
+    keys = ['start_str', 'end_str', 'start_num', 'end_num',
+            'country_code', 'country_name']
+    stripped_line = line.replace('"', '').strip()
+    parts = stripped_line.split(',')
+    entry = dict((k, v) for k, v in zip(keys, parts))
+    return entry
+
+def format_line_with_other_country(original_entry, other_entry):
+    return '"%s","%s","%s","%s","%s","%s"' % (original_entry['start_str'],
+            original_entry['end_str'], original_entry['start_num'],
+            original_entry['end_num'], other_entry['country_code'],
+            other_entry['country_name'], )
+
+def apply_manual_changes(assignments, manual_assignments):
+    if not manual_assignments:
+        return assignments
+    print '\nApplying manual changes...'
+    manual_dict = {}
+    for line in manual_assignments:
+        start_num = parse_line(line)['start_num']
+        if start_num in manual_dict:
+            print ('Warning: duplicate start number in manual '
+                   'assignments:\n  %s\n  %s\nDiscarding first entry.' %
+                   (manual_dict[start_num], line, ))
+        manual_dict[start_num] = line
+    result = []
+    for line in assignments:
+        entry = parse_line(line)
+        start_num = entry['start_num']
+        if start_num in manual_dict:
+            manual_line = manual_dict[start_num]
+            manual_entry = parse_line(manual_line)
+            if entry['start_str'] == manual_entry['start_str'] and \
+                    entry['end_str'] == manual_entry['end_str'] and \
+                    entry['end_num'] == manual_entry['end_num']:
+                if len(manual_entry['country_code']) != 2:
+                    print '-%s' % (line, )  # only remove, don't replace
+                else:
+                    new_line = format_line_with_other_country(entry,
+                            manual_entry)
+                    print '-%s\n+%s' % (line, new_line, )
+                    result.append(new_line)
+                del manual_dict[start_num]
+            else:
+                print ('Warning: only partial match between '
+                       'original/automatically replaced assignment and '
+                       'manual assignment:\n  %s\n  %s\nNot applying '
+                       'manual change.' % (line, manual_line, ))
+                result.append(line)
+        else:
+            result.append(line)
+    if len(manual_dict) > 0:
+        print ('Warning: could not apply all manual assignments:  %s' %
+                ('\n  '.join(manual_dict.values())), )
+    return result
+
+def write_file(path, assignments, long_format=True):
+    if long_format:
+        output_lines = assignments
+    else:
+        output_lines = []
+        for long_line in assignments:
+            entry = parse_line(long_line)
+            short_line = "%s,%s,%s" % (entry['start_num'],
+                    entry['end_num'], entry['country_code'], )
+            output_lines.append(short_line)
+    out_file = open(path, 'w')
+    out_file.write('\n'.join(output_lines))
+    out_file.close()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+
diff --git a/src/config/geoip-manual b/src/config/geoip-manual
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99c897ff42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/geoip-manual
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# This file contains manual overrides of A1 entries (and possibly others)
+# in MaxMind's GeoLite Country database.  Use deanonymind.py in the same
+# directory to process this file when producing a new geoip file.  See
+# README.geoip in the same directory for details.
+
+# Remove MaxMind entry 0.116.0.0-0.119.255.255 which MaxMind says is AT,
+# but which is part of reserved range 0.0.0.0/8.  -KL 2012-06-13
+# Disabled, because MaxMind apparently removed this range from their
+# database.  -KL 2013-02-08
+#"0.116.0.0","0.119.255.255","7602176","7864319","",""
+
+# NL, because previous MaxMind entry 31.171.128.0-31.171.133.255 is NL,
+# and RIR delegation files say 31.171.128.0-31.171.135.255 is NL.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"31.171.134.0","31.171.135.255","531334656","531335167","NL","Netherlands"
+
+# EU, because next MaxMind entry 37.139.64.1-37.139.64.9 is EU, because
+# RIR delegation files say 37.139.64.0-37.139.71.255 is EU, and because it
+# just makes more sense for the next entry to start at .0 and not .1.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"37.139.64.0","37.139.64.0","629882880","629882880","EU","Europe"
+
+# CH, because previous MaxMind entry 46.19.141.0-46.19.142.255 is CH, and
+# RIR delegation files say 46.19.136.0-46.19.143.255 is CH.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"46.19.143.0","46.19.143.255","773033728","773033983","CH","Switzerland"
+
+# GB, because next MaxMind entry 46.166.129.0-46.166.134.255 is GB, and
+# RIR delegation files say 46.166.128.0-46.166.191.255 is GB.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"46.166.128.0","46.166.128.255","782663680","782663935","GB","United Kingdom"
+
+# US, though could as well be CA.  Previous MaxMind entry
+# 64.237.32.52-64.237.34.127 is US, next MaxMind entry
+# 64.237.34.144-64.237.34.151 is CA, and RIR delegation files say the
+# entire block 64.237.32.0-64.237.63.255 is US.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"64.237.34.128","64.237.34.143","1089282688","1089282703","US","United States"
+
+# US, though could as well be UY.  Previous MaxMind entry
+# 67.15.170.0-67.15.182.255 is US, next MaxMind entry
+# 67.15.183.128-67.15.183.159 is UY, and RIR delegation files say the
+# entire block 67.15.0.0-67.15.255.255 is US.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"67.15.183.0","67.15.183.127","1125103360","1125103487","US","United States"
+
+# US, because next MaxMind entry 67.43.145.0-67.43.155.255 is US, and RIR
+# delegation files say 67.43.144.0-67.43.159.255 is US.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"67.43.144.0","67.43.144.255","1126928384","1126928639","US","United States"
+
+# US, because previous MaxMind entry 70.159.21.51-70.232.244.255 is US,
+# because next MaxMind entry 70.232.245.58-70.232.245.59 is A2 ("Satellite
+# Provider") which is a country information about as useless as A1, and
+# because RIR delegation files say 70.224.0.0-70.239.255.255 is US.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"70.232.245.0","70.232.245.57","1189672192","1189672249","US","United States"
+
+# US, because next MaxMind entry 70.232.246.0-70.240.141.255 is US,
+# because previous MaxMind entry 70.232.245.58-70.232.245.59 is A2
+# ("Satellite Provider") which is a country information about as useless
+# as A1, and because RIR delegation files say 70.224.0.0-70.239.255.255 is
+# US.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"70.232.245.60","70.232.245.255","1189672252","1189672447","US","United States"
+
+# GB, despite neither previous (GE) nor next (LV) MaxMind entry being GB,
+# but because RIR delegation files agree with both previous and next
+# MaxMind entry and say GB for 91.228.0.0-91.228.3.255.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"91.228.0.0","91.228.3.255","1541668864","1541669887","GB","United Kingdom"
+
+# GB, because next MaxMind entry 91.232.125.0-91.232.125.255 is GB, and
+# RIR delegation files say 91.232.124.0-91.232.125.255 is GB.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"91.232.124.0","91.232.124.255","1541962752","1541963007","GB","United Kingdom"
+
+# GB, despite neither previous (RU) nor next (PL) MaxMind entry being GB,
+# but because RIR delegation files agree with both previous and next
+# MaxMind entry and say GB for 91.238.214.0-91.238.215.255.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"91.238.214.0","91.238.215.255","1542379008","1542379519","GB","United Kingdom"
+
+# US, because next MaxMind entry 173.0.16.0-173.0.65.255 is US, and RIR
+# delegation files say 173.0.0.0-173.0.15.255 is US.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"173.0.0.0","173.0.15.255","2902458368","2902462463","US","United States"
+
+# US, because next MaxMind entry 176.67.84.0-176.67.84.79 is US, and RIR
+# delegation files say 176.67.80.0-176.67.87.255 is US.  -KL 2012-11-27
+"176.67.80.0","176.67.83.255","2957201408","2957202431","US","United States"
+
+# US, because previous MaxMind entry 176.67.84.192-176.67.85.255 is US,
+# and RIR delegation files say 176.67.80.0-176.67.87.255 is US.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"176.67.86.0","176.67.87.255","2957202944","2957203455","US","United States"
+
+# EU, despite neither previous (RU) nor next (UA) MaxMind entry being EU,
+# but because RIR delegation files agree with both previous and next
+# MaxMind entry and say EU for 193.200.150.0-193.200.150.255.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"193.200.150.0","193.200.150.255","3251148288","3251148543","EU","Europe"
+
+# US, because previous MaxMind entry 199.96.68.0-199.96.87.127 is US, and
+# RIR delegation files say 199.96.80.0-199.96.87.255 is US.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"199.96.87.128","199.96.87.255","3344979840","3344979967","US","United States"
+
+# US, because previous MaxMind entry 209.58.176.144-209.59.31.255 is US,
+# and RIR delegation files say 209.59.32.0-209.59.63.255 is US.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"209.59.32.0","209.59.63.255","3510312960","3510321151","US","United States"
+
+# FR, because previous MaxMind entry 217.15.166.0-217.15.166.255 is FR,
+# and RIR delegation files contain a block 217.15.160.0-217.15.175.255
+# which, however, is EU, not FR.  But merging with next MaxMind entry
+# 217.15.176.0-217.15.191.255 which is KZ and which fully matches what
+# the RIR delegation files say seems unlikely to be correct.
+# -KL 2012-11-27
+"217.15.167.0","217.15.175.255","3641681664","3641683967","FR","France"
+
diff --git a/src/config/geoip6 b/src/config/geoip6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0804892d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/geoip6
@@ -0,0 +1,18119 @@
+# Last updated based on June 4 2014 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country
+# wget https://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.gz
+# gunzip GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.gz
+# python mmdb-convert.py GeoLite2-Country.mmdb
+2001:218::,2001:218:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:220::,2001:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:230::,2001:230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:238::,2001:238:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:240::,2001:240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:250::,2001:252:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:254::,2001:254:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:256::,2001:256:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:258::,2001:258:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:260::,2001:260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:268::,2001:268:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:270::,2001:270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:278::,2001:278:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:280::,2001:280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:288::,2001:288:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:290::,2001:290:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:298::,2001:298:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2a0::,2001:2a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2a8::,2001:2a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2b0::,2001:2b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:2b8::,2001:2b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:2c0::,2001:2c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2c8::,2001:2c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2d8::,2001:2d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:2e0::,2001:2e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:2e8::,2001:2e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2f0::,2001:2f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:2f8::,2001:2f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:300::,2001:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:308::,2001:308:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:310::,2001:310:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:318::,2001:318:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:320::,2001:320:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:328::,2001:328:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:330::,2001:330:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:338::,2001:338:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:340::,2001:340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:348::,2001:348:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:350::,2001:350:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:358::,2001:358:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:360::,2001:360:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:368::,2001:368:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:370::,2001:370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:378::,2001:378:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:380::,2001:380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:388::,2001:388:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:390::,2001:390:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:398::,2001:398:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3a0::,2001:3a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3a8::,2001:3a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:3b0::,2001:3b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3b8::,2001:3b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3c0::,2001:3c0:1fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3c8::,2001:3c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:3d0::,2001:3d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3d8::,2001:3d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3e0::,2001:3e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:3e8::,2001:3e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:400::,2001:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:408::,2001:408:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:410::,2001:410:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:418::,2001:418:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:420::,2001:420:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:428::,2001:428:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:430::,2001:430:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:438::,2001:438:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:440::,2001:440:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:448::,2001:448:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:450::,2001:450:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:458::,2001:458:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:460::,2001:460:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:468::,2001:468:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:470::,2001:470:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:478::,2001:478:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KN
+2001:480::,2001:480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:490::,2001:490:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4a0::,2001:4a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4b0::,2001:4b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4b8::,2001:4b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4c0::,2001:4c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4c8::,2001:4c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4d0::,2001:4d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4e0::,2001:4e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4e8::,2001:4e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4f0::,2001:4f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4f8::,2001:4f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:1::,2001:500:4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:6::,2001:500:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:10::,2001:500:10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PR
+2001:500:11::,2001:500:15:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:16::,2001:500:2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:2d::,2001:500:31:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:40::,2001:500:56:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:60::,2001:500:7d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:80::,2001:500:83:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:84::,2001:500:89:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:8c::,2001:500:9a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:9c::,2001:500:9f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:a0::,2001:500:a7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:a8::,2001:500:a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:c0::,2001:500:ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:f0::,2001:500:f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:f1::,2001:500:f1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:100::,2001:500:109:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:500:3e5::,2001:500:3e5:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:30ff::,2001:500:30ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:3682::,2001:500:3682:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:4431::,2001:500:4431:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:7967::,2001:500:7967:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:856e::,2001:500:856e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:d937::,2001:500:d937:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:500:ed30::,2001:500:ed30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:501:8a29::,2001:501:8a29:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:501:973c::,2001:501:973c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:501:b1f9::,2001:501:b1f9:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:8cc::,2001:502:8cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:100e::,2001:502:100e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:1ca1::,2001:502:1ca1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:2eda::,2001:502:2eda:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:4612::,2001:502:4612:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:63bd::,2001:502:63bd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:7094::,2001:502:7094:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:7a71::,2001:502:7a71:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:8c25::,2001:502:8c25:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:ad09::,2001:502:ad09:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:be98::,2001:502:be98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:cbe4::,2001:502:cbe4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:cfb5::,2001:502:cfb5:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:d399::,2001:502:d399:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:502:f3ff::,2001:502:f3ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:c27::,2001:503:c27:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:d2d::,2001:503:d2d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:231d::,2001:503:231d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:3227::,2001:503:3227:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:39c1::,2001:503:39c1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:4872::,2001:503:4872:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:5419::,2001:503:5419:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:5ae2::,2001:503:5ae2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:6810::,2001:503:6810:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:7bbb::,2001:503:7bbb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:7bbf::,2001:503:7bbf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:8028::,2001:503:8028:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:83eb::,2001:503:83eb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:91ef::,2001:503:91ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:a124::,2001:503:a124:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:a83e::,2001:503:a83e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:ba3e::,2001:503:ba3e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:bfb0::,2001:503:bfb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:c779::,2001:503:c779:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:cc2c::,2001:503:cc2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:d1ae::,2001:503:d1ae:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:d414::,2001:503:d414:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:e239::,2001:503:e239:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:e8ef::,2001:503:e8ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:eea3::,2001:503:eea3:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:f189::,2001:503:f189:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:f261::,2001:503:f261:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:f3da::,2001:503:f3da:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:503:ff39::,2001:503:ff39:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504::,2001:504:13:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:15::,2001:504:15:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:504:16::,2001:504:19:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:1a::,2001:504:1a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:504:1b::,2001:504:1c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:1d::,2001:504:1d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PR
+2001:504:20::,2001:504:23:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:504:24::,2001:504:24:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:25::,2001:504:26:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:504:27::,2001:504:2a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:2b::,2001:504:2d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:504:2e::,2001:504:2e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:504:2f::,2001:504:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:506::,2001:506:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:506:8::,2001:506:8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:506:20::,2001:506:20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:506:28::,2001:506:28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:506:100::,2001:506:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:506:1000::,2001:506:2fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:506:4000::,2001:506:7fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:508::,2001:508:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BM
+2001:510::,2001:510:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:518::,2001:518:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:520::,2001:520:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:528::,2001:528:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:530::,2001:530:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:538::,2001:538:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:540::,2001:540:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:548::,2001:548:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:550::,2001:550:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:558::,2001:560:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:568::,2001:56f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:570::,2001:570:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:578::,2001:57b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:580::,2001:580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:590::,2001:590:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:598::,2001:598:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:5a0::,2001:5a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:5a8::,2001:5a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
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+2001:5c0::,2001:5c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:5c8::,2001:5c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
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+2001:5f0::,2001:5f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:5f8::,2001:5f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:608::,2001:608:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:610::,2001:610:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:618::,2001:618:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:620::,2001:620:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:628::,2001:62f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:630::,2001:630:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:638::,2001:638:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:640::,2001:640:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:648::,2001:648:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GR
+2001:650::,2001:658:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:660::,2001:667:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:668::,2001:66f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:670::,2001:673:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:678:1::,2001:678:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:678:2::,2001:678:2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:678:3::,2001:678:3:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:678:4::,2001:678:5:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:678:6::,2001:678:6:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:678:7::,2001:678:7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GR
+2001:678:8::,2001:678:8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:678:9::,2001:678:a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:678:b::,2001:678:b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:678:c::,2001:678:c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:678:d::,2001:678:d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:678:e::,2001:678:e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:678:f::,2001:678:11:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:678:12::,2001:678:12:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:678:13::,2001:678:18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:678:19::,2001:678:19:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:678:1a::,2001:678:1a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:678:1b::,2001:678:1b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:678:1c::,2001:678:1c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:678:20::,2001:678:20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:678:24::,2001:678:24:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:678:28::,2001:678:28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SM
+2001:678:2c::,2001:678:2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:678:30::,2001:678:30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:678:34::,2001:678:34:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:678:38::,2001:678:38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:678:3c::,2001:678:3c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BG
+2001:678:40::,2001:678:40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:678:44::,2001:678:44:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:678:48::,2001:678:48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:678:4c::,2001:678:4c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:678:60::,2001:678:60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:678:64::,2001:678:64:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:678:68::,2001:678:68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:678:6c::,2001:678:6c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:678:70::,2001:678:70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SK
+2001:678:74::,2001:678:74:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:678:78::,2001:678:78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:678:7c::,2001:678:7c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:678:80::,2001:678:80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:678:84::,2001:678:84:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:678:88::,2001:678:88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:678:8c::,2001:678:8c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:678:90::,2001:678:90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SK
+2001:678:94::,2001:678:94:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:678:98::,2001:678:98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KZ
+2001:67c::,2001:67c::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:67c:4::,2001:67c:4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:8::,2001:67c:8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:c::,2001:67c:c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:10::,2001:67c:10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:14::,2001:67c:14:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:18::,2001:67c:18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:1c::,2001:67c:1c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:20::,2001:67c:20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:67c:24::,2001:67c:24:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2c::,2001:67c:2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:30::,2001:67c:30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:34::,2001:67c:34:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:38::,2001:67c:38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:40::,2001:67c:40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:44::,2001:67c:44:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:4c::,2001:67c:4c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:50::,2001:67c:50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:54::,2001:67c:54:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:58::,2001:67c:58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:5c::,2001:67c:5c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:60::,2001:67c:60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:64::,2001:67c:64:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:68::,2001:67c:68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:6c::,2001:67c:6c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IS
+2001:67c:70::,2001:67c:70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:74::,2001:67c:74:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:78::,2001:67c:78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:84::,2001:67c:84:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:88::,2001:67c:88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:8c::,2001:67c:8c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:90::,2001:67c:90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:94::,2001:67c:94:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:98::,2001:67c:98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:9c::,2001:67c:9c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:a0::,2001:67c:a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:a4::,2001:67c:a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:a8::,2001:67c:a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:ac::,2001:67c:ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:b0::,2001:67c:b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:b4::,2001:67c:b4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:b8::,2001:67c:b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:bc::,2001:67c:bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:67c:c4::,2001:67c:c4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:c8::,2001:67c:c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:cc::,2001:67c:cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:d0::,2001:67c:d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:d4::,2001:67c:d4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:d8::,2001:67c:d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:dc::,2001:67c:dc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:e0::,2001:67c:e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:e4::,2001:67c:e4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:e8::,2001:67c:e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:ec::,2001:67c:ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:f0::,2001:67c:f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:f4::,2001:67c:f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:f8::,2001:67c:f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:fc::,2001:67c:fc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:100::,2001:67c:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:108::,2001:67c:108:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:10c::,2001:67c:10c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:110::,2001:67c:110:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:114::,2001:67c:114:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:118::,2001:67c:118:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:11c::,2001:67c:11c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:120::,2001:67c:120:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:124::,2001:67c:124:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:128::,2001:67c:128:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:12c::,2001:67c:12c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:130::,2001:67c:130:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
+2001:67c:134::,2001:67c:134:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:138::,2001:67c:138:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:13c::,2001:67c:13c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:140::,2001:67c:140:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:148::,2001:67c:148:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:14c::,2001:67c:14d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:154::,2001:67c:154:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:158::,2001:67c:158:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:15c::,2001:67c:15c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:160::,2001:67c:160:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:164::,2001:67c:164:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:168::,2001:67c:168:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:170::,2001:67c:170:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:174::,2001:67c:174:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:178::,2001:67c:178:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:17c::,2001:67c:17c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:180::,2001:67c:180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:184::,2001:67c:184:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:188::,2001:67c:188:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:18c::,2001:67c:18c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:190::,2001:67c:190:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:194::,2001:67c:194:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:19c::,2001:67c:19c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:1a0::,2001:67c:1a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:1a4::,2001:67c:1a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:1a8::,2001:67c:1a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:1ac::,2001:67c:1ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2001:67c:1b4::,2001:67c:1b4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:1b8::,2001:67c:1b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:1bc::,2001:67c:1bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:1c0::,2001:67c:1c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:1c4::,2001:67c:1c4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2001:67c:1ec::,2001:67c:1ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:1f0::,2001:67c:1f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2001:67c:204::,2001:67c:204:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:208::,2001:67c:208:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2001:67c:210::,2001:67c:210:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:214::,2001:67c:214:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:218::,2001:67c:218:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:67c:21c::,2001:67c:21c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AM
+2001:67c:220::,2001:67c:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:224::,2001:67c:224:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:228::,2001:67c:228:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:22c::,2001:67c:22c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:230::,2001:67c:230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:234::,2001:67c:234:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:238::,2001:67c:238:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:23c::,2001:67c:23c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:240::,2001:67c:240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:244::,2001:67c:244:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:248::,2001:67c:248:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:24c::,2001:67c:24c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:250::,2001:67c:250:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:254::,2001:67c:254:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:258::,2001:67c:258:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:25c::,2001:67c:25c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:67c:260::,2001:67c:260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:264::,2001:67c:264:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:268::,2001:67c:268:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:26c::,2001:67c:26c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:270::,2001:67c:270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:274::,2001:67c:274:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:278::,2001:67c:278:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:27c::,2001:67c:27c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:280::,2001:67c:280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:284::,2001:67c:284:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:288::,2001:67c:288:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:28c::,2001:67c:28c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:294::,2001:67c:294:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:298::,2001:67c:298:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:29c::,2001:67c:29c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
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+2001:67c:2d8::,2001:67c:2d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:2dc::,2001:67c:2dc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
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+2001:67c:2ec::,2001:67c:2ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2f4::,2001:67c:2f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
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+2001:67c:318::,2001:67c:318:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
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+2001:67c:328::,2001:67c:328:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
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+2001:67c:338::,2001:67c:338:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
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+2001:67c:354::,2001:67c:354:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
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+2001:67c:394::,2001:67c:394:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:398::,2001:67c:398:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
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+2001:67c:3e8::,2001:67c:3e9:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
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+2001:67c:400::,2001:67c:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:404::,2001:67c:404:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:408::,2001:67c:408:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
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+2001:67c:410::,2001:67c:410:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:414::,2001:67c:414:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:418::,2001:67c:418:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2001:67c:420::,2001:67c:420:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
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+2001:67c:428::,2001:67c:428:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:42c::,2001:67c:42c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:430::,2001:67c:430:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:434::,2001:67c:434:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:438::,2001:67c:438:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
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+2001:67c:440::,2001:67c:440:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:444::,2001:67c:444:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
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+2001:67c:460::,2001:67c:460:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:464::,2001:67c:464:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:468::,2001:67c:468:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
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+2001:67c:47c::,2001:67c:47c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:480::,2001:67c:480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:484::,2001:67c:484:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:488::,2001:67c:488:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
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+2001:67c:490::,2001:67c:490:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:494::,2001:67c:494:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:498::,2001:67c:498:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
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+2001:67c:514::,2001:67c:514:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
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+2001:67c:2838::,2001:67c:2838:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:283c::,2001:67c:283c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:67c:2840::,2001:67c:2840:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IL
+2001:67c:2844::,2001:67c:2844:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2848::,2001:67c:2848:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:67c:284c::,2001:67c:284c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2850::,2001:67c:2850:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2854::,2001:67c:2854:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:285c::,2001:67c:285c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2860::,2001:67c:2860:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2864::,2001:67c:2864:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2868::,2001:67c:2868:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:286c::,2001:67c:286c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:2870::,2001:67c:2870:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2874::,2001:67c:2874:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:2878::,2001:67c:2878:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:287c::,2001:67c:287c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2880::,2001:67c:2880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2884::,2001:67c:2884:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2888::,2001:67c:2889:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2890::,2001:67c:2890:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2894::,2001:67c:2894:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2898::,2001:67c:2898:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:67c:289c::,2001:67c:289c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:28a0::,2001:67c:28a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:28a4::,2001:67c:28a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:28a8::,2001:67c:28a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:28ac::,2001:67c:28ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:28b0::,2001:67c:28b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:28b4::,2001:67c:28b4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:28b8::,2001:67c:28b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:28bc::,2001:67c:28bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HU
+2001:67c:28c0::,2001:67c:28c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:28c4::,2001:67c:28c4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:28cc::,2001:67c:28cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:28d0::,2001:67c:28d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:28d4::,2001:67c:28d4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:28d8::,2001:67c:28d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:28e0::,2001:67c:28e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:28e4::,2001:67c:28e4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:28e8::,2001:67c:28e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:28f0::,2001:67c:28f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:28f4::,2001:67c:28f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:28f8::,2001:67c:28f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:28fc::,2001:67c:28fc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2900::,2001:67c:291f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2980::,2001:67c:2980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2984::,2001:67c:2984:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:2988::,2001:67c:2989:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:2994::,2001:67c:2994:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
+2001:67c:2998::,2001:67c:2998:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:299c::,2001:67c:299c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:29a0::,2001:67c:29a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:29a8::,2001:67c:29a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:29ac::,2001:67c:29ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CY
+2001:67c:29b0::,2001:67c:29b1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CY
+2001:67c:29bc::,2001:67c:29bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:29c0::,2001:67c:29c1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:29c8::,2001:67c:29c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:29cc::,2001:67c:29cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:29d0::,2001:67c:29d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:29d4::,2001:67c:29d4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:29d8::,2001:67c:29d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AE
+2001:67c:29dc::,2001:67c:29dc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:29e0::,2001:67c:29e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:29e4::,2001:67c:29e4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:29e8::,2001:67c:29e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:29ec::,2001:67c:29ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:29f0::,2001:67c:29f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BG
+2001:67c:29f4::,2001:67c:29f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:29f8::,2001:67c:29f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:29fc::,2001:67c:29fc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2a00::,2001:67c:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:2a04::,2001:67c:2a04:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2a08::,2001:67c:2a08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:2a0c::,2001:67c:2a0c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a14::,2001:67c:2a14:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a18::,2001:67c:2a18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2a1c::,2001:67c:2a1c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2a20::,2001:67c:2a20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:2a24::,2001:67c:2a24:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2a28::,2001:67c:2a28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2a2c::,2001:67c:2a2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2a30::,2001:67c:2a30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a34::,2001:67c:2a34:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a38::,2001:67c:2a38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:2a3c::,2001:67c:2a3c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:67c:2a40::,2001:67c:2a40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:2a44::,2001:67c:2a44:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2a48::,2001:67c:2a48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2a4c::,2001:67c:2a4c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:67c:2a50::,2001:67c:2a50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2a54::,2001:67c:2a54:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a58::,2001:67c:2a58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:67c:2a5c::,2001:67c:2a5c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:2a64::,2001:67c:2a64:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2a68::,2001:67c:2a68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2a6c::,2001:67c:2a6c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:2a70::,2001:67c:2a70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2a74::,2001:67c:2a74:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2a78::,2001:67c:2a78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2a7c::,2001:67c:2a7c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2a80::,2001:67c:2a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2a84::,2001:67c:2a84:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2a88::,2001:67c:2a88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:67c:2a8c::,2001:67c:2a8c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:2a90::,2001:67c:2a90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:67c:2a94::,2001:67c:2a94:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2a98::,2001:67c:2a98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2a9c::,2001:67c:2a9c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2aa0::,2001:67c:2aa0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:67c:2aa4::,2001:67c:2aa4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:2aa8::,2001:67c:2aa8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2aac::,2001:67c:2aac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IS
+2001:67c:2ab0::,2001:67c:2ab0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2ab4::,2001:67c:2ab4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2ab8::,2001:67c:2ab8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2abc::,2001:67c:2abc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2ac0::,2001:67c:2ac0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2ac4::,2001:67c:2ac4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2ac8::,2001:67c:2ac8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2acc::,2001:67c:2acc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2ad0::,2001:67c:2ad0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2ad4::,2001:67c:2ad4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2ad8::,2001:67c:2ad8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2adc::,2001:67c:2adc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2ae0::,2001:67c:2ae0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2ae4::,2001:67c:2ae4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2ae8::,2001:67c:2ae8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2aec::,2001:67c:2aec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:2af0::,2001:67c:2af0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2af4::,2001:67c:2af4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2afc::,2001:67c:2afc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:2b04::,2001:67c:2b04:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:2b08::,2001:67c:2b08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b0c::,2001:67c:2b0c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2b10::,2001:67c:2b10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:2b14::,2001:67c:2b14:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2b18::,2001:67c:2b18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2b1c::,2001:67c:2b1c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2b20::,2001:67c:2b20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2b24::,2001:67c:2b24:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b28::,2001:67c:2b28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2b2c::,2001:67c:2b2c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2b30::,2001:67c:2b30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2b34::,2001:67c:2b34:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b38::,2001:67c:2b38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2b3c::,2001:67c:2b3c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2b40::,2001:67c:2b40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2b44::,2001:67c:2b44:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2b48::,2001:67c:2b48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b4c::,2001:67c:2b4c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:67c:2b50::,2001:67c:2b50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:67c:2b54::,2001:67c:2b54:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:67c:2b58::,2001:67c:2b58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b5c::,2001:67c:2b5c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:67c:2b60::,2001:67c:2b60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2b64::,2001:67c:2b64:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2b68::,2001:67c:2b68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2b6c::,2001:67c:2b6c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b70::,2001:67c:2b70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2b74::,2001:67c:2b74:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2b78::,2001:67c:2b79:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GR
+2001:67c:2b80::,2001:67c:2b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2b84::,2001:67c:2b84:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2b88::,2001:67c:2b88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2b8c::,2001:67c:2b8c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2b90::,2001:67c:2b90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:67c:2b94::,2001:67c:2b94:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2b98::,2001:67c:2b98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:67c:2b9c::,2001:67c:2b9c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2ba0::,2001:67c:2ba0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:67c:2ba4::,2001:67c:2ba4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2ba8::,2001:67c:2ba8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2bac::,2001:67c:2bac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2bb4::,2001:67c:2bb4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2bb8::,2001:67c:2bb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2bbc::,2001:67c:2bbc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:67c:2bc0::,2001:67c:2bc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2bc4::,2001:67c:2bc4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2bc8::,2001:67c:2bc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:67c:2bcc::,2001:67c:2bcc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:67c:2bd0::,2001:67c:2bd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2bd4::,2001:67c:2bd4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2bd8::,2001:67c:2bd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2bdc::,2001:67c:2bdc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2be0::,2001:67c:2be0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2be4::,2001:67c:2be4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2be8::,2001:67c:2be8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:67c:2bec::,2001:67c:2bec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:67c:2bf0::,2001:67c:2bf0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:67c:2bf4::,2001:67c:2bf4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:67c:2bf8::,2001:67c:2bf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:67c:2bfc::,2001:67c:2bfc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:680::,2001:680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:688::,2001:688:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:690::,2001:697:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2001:6a0::,2001:6a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:6a8::,2001:6a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:6b0::,2001:6b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:6b8::,2001:6b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:6c8::,2001:6cf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:6d0::,2001:6d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:6d8::,2001:6df:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:6e0::,2001:6e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:6e8::,2001:6ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:6f0::,2001:6f7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:6f8::,2001:6f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:700::,2001:7ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:800::,2001:8ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GD
+2001:900::,2001:9ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:a00::,2001:aff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DJ
+2001:b00::,2001:b07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:b08::,2001:b08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:b10::,2001:b10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:b18::,2001:b18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2001:b20::,2001:b20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:b28::,2001:b28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:b30::,2001:b30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:b38::,2001:b38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:b40::,2001:b40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:b48::,2001:b4f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:b50::,2001:b50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:b58::,2001:b58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:b60::,2001:b67:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:b68::,2001:b68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HR
+2001:b70::,2001:b70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:b80::,2001:b87:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:b88::,2001:b88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:b90::,2001:b90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:b98::,2001:b98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:ba0::,2001:ba0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:ba8::,2001:ba8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:bb0::,2001:bb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:bb8::,2001:bb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:bc0::,2001:bc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:bc8::,2001:bc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:bd0::,2001:bd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:be0::,2001:be7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:be8::,2001:be8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:bf0::,2001:bf7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:bf8::,2001:bf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IL
+2001:c00::,2001:cff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2001:d00::,2001:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d08::,2001:d08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:d10::,2001:d10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:d18::,2001:d18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2001:d28::,2001:d28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d30::,2001:d30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d38::,2001:d38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:d40::,2001:d40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:d48::,2001:d48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:d50::,2001:d50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d58::,2001:d58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:d68::,2001:d68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:d70::,2001:d73:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d80::,2001:d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:d88::,2001:d88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
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+2001:df2:c800::,2001:df2:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df2:d000::,2001:df2:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
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+2001:df2:f800::,2001:df2:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3::,2001:df3::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:df3:800::,2001:df3:80f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:df3:1000::,2001:df3:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2001:df3:1800::,2001:df3:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
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+2001:df3:2800::,2001:df3:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
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+2001:df3:3800::,2001:df3:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df3:4000::,2001:df3:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df3:4800::,2001:df3:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:5000::,2001:df3:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:5800::,2001:df3:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df3:6000::,2001:df3:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df3:6800::,2001:df3:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df3:7000::,2001:df3:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df3:7800::,2001:df3:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df3:8000::,2001:df3:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df3:8800::,2001:df3:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:9000::,2001:df3:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df3:9800::,2001:df3:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:df3:a000::,2001:df3:a003:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
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+2001:df3:b000::,2001:df3:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:df3:b800::,2001:df3:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:c000::,2001:df3:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df3:c800::,2001:df3:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:d000::,2001:df3:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df3:d800::,2001:df3:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df3:e000::,2001:df3:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df3:e800::,2001:df3:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df3:f000::,2001:df3:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df3:f800::,2001:df3:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4::,2001:df4::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:df4:800::,2001:df4:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df4:1000::,2001:df4:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df4:1800::,2001:df4:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:2000::,2001:df4:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:df4:2800::,2001:df4:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df4:3000::,2001:df4:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:df4:3800::,2001:df4:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2001:df4:4000::,2001:df4:400f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df4:4800::,2001:df4:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df4:5000::,2001:df4:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df4:5800::,2001:df4:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df4:6000::,2001:df4:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:df4:6800::,2001:df4:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df4:7000::,2001:df4:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df4:7800::,2001:df4:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:8000::,2001:df4:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:df4:8800::,2001:df4:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df4:9000::,2001:df4:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
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+2001:df4:a800::,2001:df4:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df4:b000::,2001:df4:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:b800::,2001:df4:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df4:c000::,2001:df4:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df4:c800::,2001:df4:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df4:d000::,2001:df4:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:d800::,2001:df4:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2001:df4:e000::,2001:df4:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:e800::,2001:df4:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2001:df4:f000::,2001:df4:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df4:f800::,2001:df4:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df5::,2001:df5::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df5:800::,2001:df5:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df5:1000::,2001:df5:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df5:1800::,2001:df5:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df5:2000::,2001:df5:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df5:2800::,2001:df5:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df5:3000::,2001:df5:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df5:3800::,2001:df5:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df5:4000::,2001:df5:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df5:4800::,2001:df5:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BN
+2001:df5:5000::,2001:df5:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df5:5800::,2001:df5:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df5:6000::,2001:df5:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df5:6800::,2001:df5:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:df5:7000::,2001:df5:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:df5:7800::,2001:df5:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:df5:8000::,2001:df5:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df5:8800::,2001:df5:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df5:9000::,2001:df5:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df5:9800::,2001:df5:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df5:a000::,2001:df5:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
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+2001:df5:b000::,2001:df5:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
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+2001:df6::,2001:df6:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df6:800::,2001:df6:80f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
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+2001:df6:2800::,2001:df6:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
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+2001:df6:5000::,2001:df6:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df6:6000::,2001:df6:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:df6:7000::,2001:df6:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
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+2001:df7::,2001:df7::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df7:1000::,2001:df7:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df7:2000::,2001:df7:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:df7:3000::,2001:df7:3001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:df7:4000::,2001:df7:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:df7:5000::,2001:df7:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df7:6000::,2001:df7:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:df7:7000::,2001:df7:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:df7:9000::,2001:df7:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
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+2001:df8::,2001:df9:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:dfa::,2001:dfa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:e00::,2001:eff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2001:f00::,2001:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:f08::,2001:f08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:f10::,2001:f10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:f18::,2001:f18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:f20::,2001:f20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:f28::,2001:f28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:f30::,2001:f30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:f38::,2001:f38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:f40::,2001:f40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:f48::,2001:f48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:f50::,2001:f50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:f58::,2001:f58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:f60::,2001:f6f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:f80::,2001:f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:f88::,2001:f88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:f90::,2001:f90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MO
+2001:f98::,2001:f98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:fa0::,2001:fa0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:fa8::,2001:fa8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:fb0::,2001:fb1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:fc0::,2001:fc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2001:fc8::,2001:fc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:fd0::,2001:fd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:fd8::,2001:fd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2001:fe0::,2001:fe0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2001:fe8::,2001:fe8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2001:ff0::,2001:ff0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:ff8::,2001:ff8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MO
+2001:1200::,2001:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1208::,2001:1208:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1210::,2001:1210:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1218::,2001:1218:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1220::,2001:1220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1228::,2001:1228:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:122c::,2001:122c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1230::,2001:1230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1238::,2001:1238:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1240::,2001:1240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1248::,2001:1248:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1250::,2001:1250:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1258::,2001:1258:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1260::,2001:1260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1270::,2001:1270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1278::,2001:1278:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:1280::,2001:1280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1284::,2001:1284:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1288::,2001:1288:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:128c::,2001:128c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1290::,2001:1291:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1294::,2001:1294:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1298::,2001:1298:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:129c::,2001:129c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:12a0::,2001:12a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:12a4::,2001:12a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:12ac::,2001:12ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2001:12bc::,2001:12bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2001:12fe::,2001:12ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2001:1300::,2001:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2001:1308::,2001:1308:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DO
+2001:1310::,2001:1310:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CL
+2001:1318::,2001:1318:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:1320::,2001:1320:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PY
+2001:1328::,2001:1328:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2001:1330::,2001:1337:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2001:1338::,2001:1338:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VE
+2001:1340::,2001:1340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CU
+2001:1348::,2001:1348:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2001:1350::,2001:1350:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VE
+2001:1358::,2001:1358:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CU
+2001:1360::,2001:1360:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GT
+2001:1368::,2001:1368:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2001:1370::,2001:1370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HT
+2001:1378::,2001:1378:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BO
+2001:1380::,2001:1380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2001:1388::,2001:1388:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2001:1398::,2001:1398:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CL
+2001:13a0::,2001:13a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2001:13a8::,2001:13a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:13b0::,2001:13b7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:13c7:6000::,2001:13c7:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2001:13c7:6001::,2001:13c7:6001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:13c7:6002::,2001:13c7:6002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SX
+2001:13c7:6003::,2001:13c7:6003:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HT
+2001:13c7:6004::,2001:13c7:6005:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CW
+2001:13c7:6006::,2001:13c7:6006:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EC
+2001:13c7:6007::,2001:13c7:600e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:13c7:6010::,2001:13c7:601f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:13c7:6f00::,2001:13c7:6fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EC
+2001:13c7:7000::,2001:13c7:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:13c7:7001::,2001:13c7:7003:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
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+2001:13c7:7005::,2001:13c7:7009:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2001:13c7:7010::,2001:13c7:7013:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2001:13c7:7014::,2001:13c7:7014:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2001:13c8::,2001:13c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CU
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+2001:13d8::,2001:13d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2001:13e0::,2001:13e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DO
+2001:13e8::,2001:13e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2001:13f0::,2001:13f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DO
+2001:13f8::,2001:13f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2001:1400::,2001:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:1408::,2001:1408:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:1410::,2001:1410:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1418::,2001:1418:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:1420::,2001:1420:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1428::,2001:1428:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:1430::,2001:1430:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:1438::,2001:1438:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1440::,2001:1440:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1448::,2001:1448:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:1450::,2001:1450:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:1458::,2001:1459:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1460::,2001:1460:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:1468::,2001:146f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:1470::,2001:1477:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:1478::,2001:1478:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1488::,2001:1488:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:1490::,2001:1490:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
+2001:1498::,2001:1498:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:14a0::,2001:14a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:14a8::,2001:14a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:14b0::,2001:14b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:14b8::,2001:14bf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:14c0::,2001:14c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:14c8::,2001:14c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:14d0::,2001:14d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:14d8::,2001:14d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:14e0::,2001:14e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:14e8::,2001:14e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IR
+2001:14f0::,2001:14f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:14f8::,2001:14f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1500::,2001:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IR
+2001:1508::,2001:1508:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:1510::,2001:1510:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1520::,2001:1520:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1528::,2001:1528:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:1530::,2001:1530:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:1538::,2001:1538:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1540::,2001:1540:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:1548::,2001:1548:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GR
+2001:1558::,2001:1558:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1560::,2001:1560:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1568::,2001:1568:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:1570::,2001:1570:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1578::,2001:1578:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1580::,2001:1580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:1588::,2001:1588:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2001:1590::,2001:1590:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:1598::,2001:1598:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:15a0::,2001:15a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:15a8::,2001:15a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:15b0::,2001:15b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:15b8::,2001:15b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:15c0::,2001:15c7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:15c8::,2001:15c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:15d8::,2001:15d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2001:15e0::,2001:15e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:15e8::,2001:15e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:15f0::,2001:15f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:15f8::,2001:15f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2001:1600::,2001:1607:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1608::,2001:1608:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1610::,2001:1610:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:1618::,2001:1618:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:1620::,2001:1623:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1628::,2001:1628:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1630::,2001:1637:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:1638::,2001:1638:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1640::,2001:1640:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1650::,2001:1650:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1658::,2001:1658:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:1660::,2001:1660:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:1668::,2001:1668:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1670::,2001:1670:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,OM
+2001:1678::,2001:1678:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:1680::,2001:1687:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1688::,2001:168f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SI
+2001:1690::,2001:1690:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:1698::,2001:1698:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2001:16a0::,2001:16a7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
+2001:16a8::,2001:16a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:16b0::,2001:16b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:16b8::,2001:16b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:16c0::,2001:16c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IR
+2001:16c8::,2001:16c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:16d0::,2001:16d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:16d8::,2001:16d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:16e0::,2001:16e7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:16e8::,2001:16e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:16f0::,2001:16f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:16f8::,2001:16f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:1700::,2001:171f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1800::,2001:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1808::,2001:1808:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GD
+2001:1810::,2001:1810:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1818::,2001:1818:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1820::,2001:1820:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1828::,2001:1828:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1830::,2001:1830:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1838::,2001:1838:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1840::,2001:1840:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1848::,2001:1848:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1850::,2001:1850:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1858::,2001:1858:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1860::,2001:1860:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1868::,2001:1868:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1878::,2001:1878:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1888::,2001:1888:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1890::,2001:1898:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18a0::,2001:18a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18a8::,2001:18a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18b0::,2001:18b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18b8::,2001:18b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18c0::,2001:18c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:18c8::,2001:18c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18d8::,2001:18d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18e0::,2001:18e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18e8::,2001:18e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:18f0::,2001:18f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:18f8::,2001:18f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:1900::,2001:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1908::,2001:1908:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1910::,2001:1910:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1920::,2001:1920:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:1928::,2001:1928:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:1930::,2001:1930:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1938::,2001:1938:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1940::,2001:1940:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1948::,2001:1948:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1950::,2001:1950:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1958::,2001:1958:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1960::,2001:1960:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1968::,2001:1968:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1970::,2001:1970:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:1978::,2001:1978:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1980::,2001:1980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1988::,2001:1988:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1990::,2001:1990:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1998::,2001:1998:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19a0::,2001:19a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19a8::,2001:19a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:19b0::,2001:19b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19b8::,2001:19b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19c0::,2001:19c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:19c8::,2001:19c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19d0::,2001:19d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19d8::,2001:19d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19e0::,2001:19e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19e8::,2001:19e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19f0::,2001:19f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:19f8::,2001:19f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:1a00::,2001:1aff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:1b00::,2001:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:1b08::,2001:1b08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1b10::,2001:1b10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1b18::,2001:1b18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1b20::,2001:1b20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1b28::,2001:1b28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:1b30::,2001:1b37:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1b38::,2001:1b38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1b40::,2001:1b40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1b48::,2001:1b48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1b50::,2001:1b57:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:1b58::,2001:1b58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1b60::,2001:1b60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1b68::,2001:1b68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2001:1b70::,2001:1b77:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:1b78::,2001:1b78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:1b80::,2001:1b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:1b88::,2001:1b88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1b90::,2001:1b90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1b98::,2001:1b98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:1ba0::,2001:1ba0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SK
+2001:1ba8::,2001:1ba8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:1bb0::,2001:1bb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:1bb8::,2001:1bb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:1bc0::,2001:1bc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:1bc8::,2001:1bcf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:1bd0::,2001:1bd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:1bd8::,2001:1bd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:1be0::,2001:1be0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:1be8::,2001:1be8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:1bf0::,2001:1bf7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EE
+2001:1bf8::,2001:1bf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LV
+2001:1c00::,2001:1dff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4000::,2001:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:4010::,2001:4010:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4018::,2001:4018:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4020::,2001:4020:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4028::,2001:4028:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4030::,2001:4030:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:4038::,2001:4038:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4040::,2001:4040:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:4048::,2001:4048:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2001:4050::,2001:4050:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4058::,2001:4058:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:4060::,2001:4060:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4068::,2001:4068:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4070::,2001:4070:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4078::,2001:407f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:4080::,2001:4080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:4088::,2001:4088:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4090::,2001:4090:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:40a0::,2001:40a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:40a8::,2001:40a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IL
+2001:40b0::,2001:40b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:40b8::,2001:40b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:40c0::,2001:40c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:40c8::,2001:40cf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:40d0::,2001:40d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:40d8::,2001:40d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:40e0::,2001:40e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:40e8::,2001:40e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2001:40f0::,2001:40f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:40f8::,2001:40f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4100::,2001:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4108::,2001:4108:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:4118::,2001:4118:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SK
+2001:4120::,2001:4120:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4128::,2001:4128:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4130::,2001:4130:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2001:4138::,2001:4140:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4150::,2001:4150:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4158::,2001:415f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:4160::,2001:4160:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4168::,2001:4168:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4170::,2001:4170:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RS
+2001:4178::,2001:4180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4188::,2001:4188:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IR
+2001:4190::,2001:4190:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:4198::,2001:4198:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:41a0::,2001:41a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:41a8::,2001:41a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:41b0::,2001:41b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PL
+2001:41b8::,2001:41b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:41c0::,2001:41cf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:41d0::,2001:41d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:41d8::,2001:41d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:41e0::,2001:41e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:41e8::,2001:41e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:41f0::,2001:41f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:41f8::,2001:41f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4200::,2001:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4208::,2001:4208:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4210::,2001:4210:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4218::,2001:4218:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4220::,2001:4220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:4228::,2001:4228:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SD
+2001:4238::,2001:4238:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:4240::,2001:4240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:4248::,2001:4248:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:4250::,2001:4250:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:4258::,2001:4258:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:4260::,2001:4260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4268::,2001:4268:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CM
+2001:4270::,2001:4270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:4278::,2001:4278:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SN
+2001:4288::,2001:4288:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MA
+2001:4290::,2001:4290:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:4298::,2001:4298:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DJ
+2001:42a0::,2001:42a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:42a8::,2001:42a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:42b0::,2001:42b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZW
+2001:42b8::,2001:42b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:42c0::,2001:42c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ML
+2001:42c8::,2001:42c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:42d0::,2001:42d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:42d8::,2001:42d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CI
+2001:42e0::,2001:42e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SC
+2001:42f0::,2001:42f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:42f8::,2001:42f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:4300::,2001:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:4308::,2001:4308:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4310::,2001:4310:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MA
+2001:4318::,2001:4318:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CI
+2001:4320::,2001:4320:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BJ
+2001:4328::,2001:4328:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:4330::,2001:4330:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:4338::,2001:4338:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SZ
+2001:4340::,2001:4340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DZ
+2001:4350::,2001:4350:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TN
+2001:4358::,2001:4358:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:4368::,2001:4368:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:4370::,2001:4370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:4378::,2001:4378:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2001:4388::,2001:4388:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:4398::,2001:4398:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MG
+2001:43a0::,2001:43a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43a8::,2001:43a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43b0::,2001:43b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43b8::,2001:43b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43c0::,2001:43c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43c8::,2001:43c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:43d0::,2001:43d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43d8::,2001:43d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43e0::,2001:43e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43e8::,2001:43e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f0::,2001:43f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZW
+2001:43f8::,2001:43f8:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43f8:10::,2001:43f8:10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:20::,2001:43f8:20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:30::,2001:43f8:30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:50::,2001:43f8:50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:60::,2001:43f8:60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:70::,2001:43f8:77:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:80::,2001:43f8:80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NA
+2001:43f8:90::,2001:43f8:90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:a0::,2001:43f8:a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:b0::,2001:43f8:b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SL
+2001:43f8:c0::,2001:43f8:c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:d0::,2001:43f8:d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:e0::,2001:43f8:e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43f8:100::,2001:43f8:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:110::,2001:43f8:110:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:120::,2001:43f8:120:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:130::,2001:43f8:130:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2001:43f8:140::,2001:43f8:140:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZM
+2001:43f8:150::,2001:43f8:150:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RW
+2001:43f8:160::,2001:43f8:160:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:170::,2001:43f8:170:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:180::,2001:43f8:180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:190::,2001:43f8:190:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:1a0::,2001:43f8:1a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43f8:1c0::,2001:43f8:1c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DZ
+2001:43f8:1d0::,2001:43f8:1d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43f8:1e0::,2001:43f8:1e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:1f0::,2001:43f8:1f5:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:200::,2001:43f8:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:210::,2001:43f8:210:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LS
+2001:43f8:220::,2001:43f8:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:230::,2001:43f8:230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:240::,2001:43f8:241:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43f8:250::,2001:43f8:250:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:260::,2001:43f8:260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:270::,2001:43f8:270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:290::,2001:43f8:290:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MG
+2001:43f8:2a0::,2001:43f8:2a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BW
+2001:43f8:2b0::,2001:43f8:2b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BW
+2001:43f8:2c0::,2001:43f8:2c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:2e0::,2001:43f8:2e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2001:43f8:2f0::,2001:43f8:2f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:310::,2001:43f8:310:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZW
+2001:43f8:320::,2001:43f8:320:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TN
+2001:43f8:330::,2001:43f8:330:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43f8:340::,2001:43f8:340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:360::,2001:43f8:360:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:370::,2001:43f8:370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:380::,2001:43f8:380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2001:43f8:390::,2001:43f8:390:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:3a0::,2001:43f8:3a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:3b0::,2001:43f8:3b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NA
+2001:43f8:3c0::,2001:43f8:3c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CD
+2001:43f8:3d0::,2001:43f8:3d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BF
+2001:43f8:400::,2001:43f8:4ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:600::,2001:43f8:60f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:610::,2001:43f8:610:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43f8:620::,2001:43f8:620:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:630::,2001:43f8:630:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2001:43f8:640::,2001:43f8:640:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2001:43f8:650::,2001:43f8:650:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MA
+2001:43f8:660::,2001:43f8:660:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:670::,2001:43f8:670:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:680::,2001:43f8:680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2001:43f8:6a0::,2001:43f8:6a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CG
+2001:43f8:6b0::,2001:43f8:6b3:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:6c0::,2001:43f8:6c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:6d0::,2001:43f8:6d3:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:6e0::,2001:43f8:6e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:700::,2001:43f8:70f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:720::,2001:43f8:720:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:750::,2001:43f8:75f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:760::,2001:43f8:760:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:770::,2001:43f8:773:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:780::,2001:43f8:780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:790::,2001:43f8:790:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:7a0::,2001:43f8:7a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2001:43f8:7b0::,2001:43f8:7b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2001:43f8:7c0::,2001:43f8:7c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2001:43f8:7d0::,2001:43f8:7d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2001:43f8:7e0::,2001:43f8:7e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:7f0::,2001:43f8:7f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SD
+2001:43f8:800::,2001:43f8:83f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2001:43f8:900::,2001:43f8:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:910::,2001:43f8:910:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:920::,2001:43f8:920:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:930::,2001:43f8:930:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2001:43f8:940::,2001:43f8:940:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CI
+2001:43f8:950::,2001:43f8:950:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:960::,2001:43f8:960:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2001:43f8:970::,2001:43f8:970:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GM
+2001:43f8:980::,2001:43f8:981:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NA
+2001:43f8:990::,2001:43f8:991:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BI
+2001:43f8:9a0::,2001:43f8:9a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BJ
+2001:43f8:9b0::,2001:43f8:9b1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SZ
+2001:4400::,2001:4403:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:4408::,2001:4408:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:4410::,2001:4410:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:4420::,2001:4420:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4428::,2001:4428:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:4430::,2001:4430:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:4438::,2001:4438:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:4450::,2001:4450:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2001:4458::,2001:4458:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:4460::,2001:4460:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:4470::,2001:4470:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:4478::,2001:447b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:4480::,2001:4480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2001:4488::,2001:448b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2001:4490::,2001:4493:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:4498::,2001:4498:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2001:44a0::,2001:44a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:44a8::,2001:44a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:44b0::,2001:44b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:44b8::,2001:44b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:44c0::,2001:44c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:44c8::,2001:44c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2001:44d0::,2001:44df:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2001:44f0::,2001:44f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4500::,2001:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4508::,2001:4508:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4510::,2001:4517:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2001:4520::,2001:4520:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:4528::,2001:452b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2001:4530::,2001:4530:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2001:4538::,2001:4538:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2001:4540::,2001:455f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4580::,2001:45bf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2001:4600::,2001:46ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:4800::,2001:4808:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4810::,2001:4810:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4818::,2001:4818:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4828::,2001:4828:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4830::,2001:4830:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4838::,2001:4838:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4840::,2001:4840:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4848::,2001:4848:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4850::,2001:4850:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4858::,2001:4858:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4860::,2001:4860:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4868::,2001:4868:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4870::,2001:4871:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4878::,2001:4878:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4880::,2001:4880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4888::,2001:4888:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4890::,2001:4890:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4898::,2001:489a:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48a0::,2001:48a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48a8::,2001:48a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48b0::,2001:48b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48b8::,2001:48b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48c0::,2001:48c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48c8::,2001:48c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48d0::,2001:48d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48d8::,2001:48d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48e0::,2001:48e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48e8::,2001:48e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48f0::,2001:48f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:48f8::,2001:48f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4900::,2001:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4908::,2001:4908:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4910::,2001:4910:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BM
+2001:4918::,2001:4918:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4920::,2001:4920:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4928::,2001:4928:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4930::,2001:4930:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4938::,2001:4938:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4940::,2001:4940:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4948::,2001:4948:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4950::,2001:4950:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4958::,2001:4958:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2001:4960::,2001:4960:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4968::,2001:4968:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4970::,2001:4970:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4978::,2001:4978:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4980::,2001:4980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4988::,2001:4988:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4990::,2001:4990:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4998::,2001:4998:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49a0::,2001:49a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49a8::,2001:49a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49b0::,2001:49b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49b8::,2001:49b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49c0::,2001:49c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49c8::,2001:49c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49d0::,2001:49d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49d8::,2001:49d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49e0::,2001:49e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49e8::,2001:49e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49f0::,2001:49f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:49f8::,2001:49f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2001:4a00::,2001:4a1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4b00::,2001:4b07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4b08::,2001:4b08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4b10::,2001:4b10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4b18::,2001:4b18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:4b20::,2001:4b28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4b30::,2001:4b30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:4b38::,2001:4b3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4b40::,2001:4b40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4b48::,2001:4b48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4b50::,2001:4b50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2001:4b58::,2001:4b58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BG
+2001:4b60::,2001:4b60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4b68::,2001:4b68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4b70::,2001:4b7f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:4b80::,2001:4b87:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:4b88::,2001:4b88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4b90::,2001:4b90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:4b98::,2001:4b98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2001:4ba0::,2001:4ba0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4ba8::,2001:4ba8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:4bb0::,2001:4bb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:4bb8::,2001:4bb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4bc0::,2001:4bc7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4bc8::,2001:4bc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AT
+2001:4bd0::,2001:4bd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4bd8::,2001:4bd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4be0::,2001:4be0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2001:4be8::,2001:4be8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4bf0::,2001:4bf0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4bf8::,2001:4bf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4c00::,2001:4cff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DJ
+2001:4d00::,2001:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AM
+2001:4d08::,2001:4d08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4d10::,2001:4d10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:4d18::,2001:4d18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:4d20::,2001:4d20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4d30::,2001:4d30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4d38::,2001:4d38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2001:4d48::,2001:4d48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4d50::,2001:4d50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4d58::,2001:4d58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4d60::,2001:4d60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4d68::,2001:4d68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2001:4d70::,2001:4d70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GR
+2001:4d78::,2001:4d78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4d80::,2001:4d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RO
+2001:4d88::,2001:4d88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4d90::,2001:4d90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ES
+2001:4d98::,2001:4d98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4da0::,2001:4da7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2001:4da8::,2001:4da8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:4db0::,2001:4db0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4db8::,2001:4db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2001:4dc0::,2001:4dc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2001:4dc8::,2001:4dc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4dd0::,2001:4dd7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2001:4dd8::,2001:4dd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2001:4de0::,2001:4de0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2001:4de8::,2001:4de8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2001:4df0::,2001:4df0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IL
+2001:8000::,2001:8fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2001:a000::,2001:a7ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2001:b000::,2001:b7ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2003::,2003:1fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2400::,2400:fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:1000::,2400:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:1080::,2400:1080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1100::,2400:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1180::,2400:1180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1200::,2400:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:1300::,2400:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:1380::,2400:1380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:1400::,2400:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:1480::,2400:1480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:1500::,2400:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:1580::,2400:1580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:1600::,2400:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:1680::,2400:1680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2400:1700::,2400:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:1780::,2400:1780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:1800::,2400:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:1880::,2400:1880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:1900::,2400:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:1980::,2400:1980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2400:1a00::,2400:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:1a80::,2400:1a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2400:1b00::,2400:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:1b80::,2400:1b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:1c00::,2400:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:1c80::,2400:1c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1d00::,2400:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:1d80::,2400:1d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1e00::,2400:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:1e80::,2400:1e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:1f00::,2400:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:1f80::,2400:1f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:2000::,2400:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:3080::,2400:3080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2400:3100::,2400:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VU
+2400:3180::,2400:3180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3200::,2400:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:3280::,2400:3280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:3300::,2400:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:3380::,2400:3380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3400::,2400:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VU
+2400:3480::,2400:3480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:3500::,2400:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TV
+2400:3580::,2400:3580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:3600::,2400:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:3680::,2400:3680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3700::,2400:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:3800::,2400:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:3880::,2400:3880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:3900::,2400:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:3980::,2400:3980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:3a00::,2400:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:3a80::,2400:3a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3b00::,2400:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3b80::,2400:3b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:3c00::,2400:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:3c80::,2400:3c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:3d00::,2400:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:3d80::,2400:3d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:3e00::,2400:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:3e80::,2400:3e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:3f00::,2400:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:3f80::,2400:3f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:4000::,2400:43ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:4400::,2400:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:4480::,2400:4480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:4500::,2400:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:4580::,2400:4580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:4600::,2400:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:4680::,2400:4680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:4700::,2400:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:4780::,2400:4780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:4800::,2400:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:4880::,2400:4880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2400:4900::,2400:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:4980::,2400:4980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:4a00::,2400:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:4a80::,2400:4a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:4b00::,2400:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:4b80::,2400:4b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:4c00::,2400:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:4c80::,2400:4c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:4d00::,2400:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:4d80::,2400:4d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:4e00::,2400:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:4e80::,2400:4e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:4f00::,2400:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2400:4f80::,2400:4f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:5000::,2400:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5080::,2400:5080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5100::,2400:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:5180::,2400:5180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2400:5200::,2400:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:5280::,2400:5280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5300::,2400:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:5380::,2400:5380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:5400::,2400:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5480::,2400:5480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:5500::,2400:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:5580::,2400:5580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5600::,2400:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5680::,2400:5680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:5700::,2400:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:5780::,2400:5780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:5800::,2400:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:5880::,2400:5880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:5900::,2400:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:5980::,2400:5980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:5a00::,2400:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5a80::,2400:5a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:5b00::,2400:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:5b80::,2400:5b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5c00::,2400:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5c80::,2400:5c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5d00::,2400:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5d80::,2400:5d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5e00::,2400:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:5e80::,2400:5e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:5f00::,2400:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PF
+2400:5f80::,2400:5f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:6000::,2400:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:6080::,2400:6080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:6100::,2400:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6180::,2400:6180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:6200::,2400:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:6280::,2400:6280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:6300::,2400:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:6380::,2400:6380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6400::,2400:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TO
+2400:6480::,2400:6480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:6500::,2400:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:6580::,2400:6580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:6600::,2400:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:6680::,2400:6680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:6700::,2400:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:6780::,2400:6780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:6800::,2400:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6880::,2400:6880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6900::,2400:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:6980::,2400:6980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6a00::,2400:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:6a80::,2400:6a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:6b00::,2400:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:6b80::,2400:6b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:6c00::,2400:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6c80::,2400:6c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:6d00::,2400:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2400:6d80::,2400:6d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:6e00::,2400:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:6e80::,2400:6e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:6f00::,2400:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:6f80::,2400:6f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:7000::,2400:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:7080::,2400:7080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:7100::,2400:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:7180::,2400:7180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7200::,2400:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:7300::,2400:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:7380::,2400:7380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:7400::,2400:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:7480::,2400:7480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2400:7500::,2400:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:7580::,2400:7580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7600::,2400:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7680::,2400:7680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:7700::,2400:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:7780::,2400:7780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:7800::,2400:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:7880::,2400:7880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:7900::,2400:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:7980::,2400:7980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:7a00::,2400:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:7a80::,2400:7a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:7b00::,2400:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:7b80::,2400:7b83:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:7c00::,2400:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:7c80::,2400:7c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:7d00::,2400:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7d80::,2400:7d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7e00::,2400:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
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+2400:7f00::,2400:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:7f80::,2400:7f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8000::,2400:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
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+2400:8100::,2400:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:8180::,2400:8180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:8200::,2400:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8280::,2400:8280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:8300::,2400:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
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+2400:8400::,2400:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:8480::,2400:8480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MM
+2400:8500::,2400:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:8580::,2400:8580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8600::,2400:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8680::,2400:8680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:8700::,2400:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:8780::,2400:8780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8800::,2400:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:8880::,2400:8880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:8900::,2400:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:8980::,2400:8980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8a00::,2400:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:8a80::,2400:8a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:8b00::,2400:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
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+2400:8c80::,2400:8c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:8d00::,2400:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
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+2400:8e80::,2400:8e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:8f00::,2400:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:8f80::,2400:8f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9000::,2400:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9080::,2400:9080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:9100::,2400:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2400:9180::,2400:9180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:9200::,2400:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:9280::,2400:9280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:9300::,2400:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2400:9380::,2400:9381:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:9400::,2400:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BN
+2400:9480::,2400:9480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9500::,2400:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:9580::,2400:9580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:9600::,2400:9600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:9680::,2400:9680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:9700::,2400:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:9780::,2400:9780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:9800::,2400:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:9880::,2400:9880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9900::,2400:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:9980::,2400:9980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:9a00::,2400:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:9a80::,2400:9a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9b00::,2400:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:9b80::,2400:9b80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9c00::,2400:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:9c80::,2400:9c80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:9d00::,2400:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:9d80::,2400:9d80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:9e00::,2400:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:9e80::,2400:9e80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:9f80::,2400:9f80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:a000::,2400:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:a080::,2400:a080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:a100::,2400:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:a180::,2400:a180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:a280::,2400:a280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:a300::,2400:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:a380::,2400:a380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:a400::,2400:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2400:a480::,2400:a480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:a500::,2400:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:a580::,2400:a580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:a600::,2400:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:a680::,2400:a680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:a700::,2400:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:a780::,2400:a780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:a800::,2400:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:a880::,2400:a880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:a900::,2400:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:a980::,2400:a980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:aa00::,2400:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2400:aa80::,2400:aa80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:ab00::,2400:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:ab80::,2400:ab80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:ac00::,2400:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:ac80::,2400:ac80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:ad00::,2400:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:ad80::,2400:ad80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:ae00::,2400:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:ae80::,2400:ae80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:af80::,2400:af80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:b000::,2400:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:b080::,2400:b080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:b100::,2400:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b180::,2400:b180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:b200::,2400:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:b280::,2400:b280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b300::,2400:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b380::,2400:b380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:b400::,2400:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:b480::,2400:b480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:b500::,2400:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:b580::,2400:b580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:b600::,2400:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:b680::,2400:b680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:b700::,2400:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:b780::,2400:b780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b800::,2400:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b880::,2400:b880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:b900::,2400:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:b980::,2400:b980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:ba00::,2400:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:ba80::,2400:ba80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:bb00::,2400:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:bb80::,2400:bb80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:bc00::,2400:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:bc80::,2400:bc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2400:bd00::,2400:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:bd80::,2400:bd80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:be00::,2400:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:be80::,2400:be80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:bf00::,2400:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:bf80::,2400:bf80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:c000::,2400:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:c080::,2400:c080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:c100::,2400:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:c180::,2400:c180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2400:c200::,2400:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:c300::,2400:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:c380::,2400:c380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:c400::,2400:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:c480::,2400:c480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:c500::,2400:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:c580::,2400:c580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:c600::,2400:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:c680::,2400:c680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:c700::,2400:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:c780::,2400:c780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:c800::,2400:c807:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:c880::,2400:c880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:c900::,2400:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:c980::,2400:c980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:ca00::,2400:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:ca80::,2400:ca80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:cb00::,2400:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:cb80::,2400:cb80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:cc00::,2400:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:cc80::,2400:cc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:cd00::,2400:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:cd80::,2400:cd80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:ce00::,2400:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:ce80::,2400:ce80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:cf00::,2400:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:cf80::,2400:cf80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d000::,2400:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:d080::,2400:d080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:d100::,2400:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d180::,2400:d180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:d200::,2400:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d280::,2400:d280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:d300::,2400:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d380::,2400:d380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d400::,2400:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:d480::,2400:d480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:d500::,2400:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:d580::,2400:d580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:d600::,2400:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d680::,2400:d680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:d700::,2400:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:d780::,2400:d780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:d800::,2400:d803:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:d880::,2400:d880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:d900::,2400:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2400:d980::,2400:d980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:da00::,2400:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:da80::,2400:da80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:db00::,2400:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:db80::,2400:db80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2400:dc00::,2400:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:dc80::,2400:dc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:dd00::,2400:dd0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:dd80::,2400:dd80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:de00::,2400:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:de80::,2400:de80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:df00::,2400:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:df80::,2400:df80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2400:e000::,2400:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:e080::,2400:e080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:e100::,2400:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:e180::,2400:e180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:e200::,2400:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:e280::,2400:e280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:e300::,2400:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:e380::,2400:e380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:e400::,2400:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:e480::,2400:e480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:e500::,2400:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2400:e580::,2400:e580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:e680::,2400:e680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:e780::,2400:e780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:e880::,2400:e880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:e900::,2400:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:e980::,2400:e980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:ea00::,2400:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2400:ea80::,2400:ea80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:eb00::,2400:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:eb80::,2400:eb80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:ec00::,2400:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:ec80::,2400:ec80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:ed00::,2400:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:ed80::,2400:ed80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:ee00::,2400:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:ee80::,2400:ee80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2400:ef00::,2400:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:ef80::,2400:ef80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f000::,2400:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f080::,2400:f080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:f100::,2400:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f180::,2400:f180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:f200::,2400:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:f280::,2400:f280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:f300::,2400:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:f380::,2400:f380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:f400::,2400:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2400:f480::,2400:f480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:f580::,2400:f580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:f600::,2400:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2400:f680::,2400:f680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:f700::,2400:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f780::,2400:f780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2400:f800::,2400:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f880::,2400:f880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2400:f900::,2400:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:f980::,2400:f980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:fa00::,2400:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:fa80::,2400:fa80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:fb00::,2400:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2400:fb80::,2400:fb80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2400:fc00::,2400:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2400:fc80::,2400:fc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2400:fd00::,2400:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2400:fd80::,2400:fd80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2400:fe00::,2400:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2400:fe80::,2400:fe80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2400:ff00::,2400:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2400:ff80::,2400:ff80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2401::,2401:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2401:80::,2401:80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:100::,2401:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:180::,2401:180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:200::,2401:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:280::,2401:280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:300::,2401:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:380::,2401:380:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:400::,2401:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:480::,2401:480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:500::,2401:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2401:580::,2401:580:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:600::,2401:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:680::,2401:680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:700::,2401:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:780::,2401:780:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:800::,2401:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:880::,2401:880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:900::,2401:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:980::,2401:980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:a00::,2401:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:a80::,2401:a80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:b00::,2401:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:c00::,2401:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2401:d00::,2401:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:e00::,2401:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:f00::,2401:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:1000::,2401:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:1100::,2401:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:1200::,2401:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:1300::,2401:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:1400::,2401:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:1500::,2401:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:1600::,2401:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:1700::,2401:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:1800::,2401:1801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:1900::,2401:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:1a00::,2401:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:1b00::,2401:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:1c00::,2401:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:1d00::,2401:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:1e00::,2401:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:1f00::,2401:1f01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:2000::,2401:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:2001::,2401:2001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:2100::,2401:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:2200::,2401:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:2300::,2401:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:2400::,2401:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:2500::,2401:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:2600::,2401:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:2700::,2401:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:2800::,2401:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:2900::,2401:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:2a00::,2401:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:2b00::,2401:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:2c00::,2401:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:2d00::,2401:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:2e00::,2401:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:2f00::,2401:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:3000::,2401:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:3100::,2401:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:3200::,2401:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:3300::,2401:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:3400::,2401:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:3500::,2401:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:3600::,2401:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:3800::,2401:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:3900::,2401:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:3a00::,2401:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:3b00::,2401:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:3c00::,2401:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:3d00::,2401:3d0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:3e00::,2401:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2401:3f00::,2401:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:4000::,2401:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:4100::,2401:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2401:4200::,2401:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:4300::,2401:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:4400::,2401:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:4500::,2401:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:4700::,2401:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:4800::,2401:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:4900::,2401:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:4a00::,2401:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:4b00::,2401:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:4c00::,2401:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:4d00::,2401:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:4e00::,2401:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:4f00::,2401:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2401:5000::,2401:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:5100::,2401:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2401:5200::,2401:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:5300::,2401:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:5400::,2401:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:5500::,2401:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:5700::,2401:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2401:5800::,2401:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:5900::,2401:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:5a00::,2401:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:5b00::,2401:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:5c00::,2401:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:5d00::,2401:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:5e00::,2401:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2401:5f00::,2401:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:6000::,2401:6fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:7000::,2401:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:7100::,2401:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:7200::,2401:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:7300::,2401:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:7400::,2401:7401:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:7500::,2401:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:7600::,2401:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:7700::,2401:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:7800::,2401:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:7900::,2401:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2401:7a00::,2401:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:7b00::,2401:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:7c00::,2401:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:7d00::,2401:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:7e00::,2401:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:7f00::,2401:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:8000::,2401:803f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2401:8100::,2401:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:8200::,2401:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:8300::,2401:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MV
+2401:8400::,2401:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:8500::,2401:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:8600::,2401:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:8700::,2401:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:8800::,2401:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:8900::,2401:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:8a00::,2401:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:8b00::,2401:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:8c00::,2401:8c01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:8d00::,2401:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:8e00::,2401:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2401:8f00::,2401:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:9100::,2401:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MO
+2401:9200::,2401:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:9300::,2401:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:9400::,2401:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:9500::,2401:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:9600::,2401:9600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:9700::,2401:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2401:9800::,2401:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:9900::,2401:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2401:9a00::,2401:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:9b00::,2401:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:9c00::,2401:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:9d00::,2401:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2401:9e00::,2401:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2401:9f00::,2401:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:a000::,2401:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:a100::,2401:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:a300::,2401:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:a400::,2401:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:a500::,2401:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:a600::,2401:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:a700::,2401:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2401:a800::,2401:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:a900::,2401:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:aa00::,2401:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:ab00::,2401:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2401:ac00::,2401:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:ad00::,2401:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:ae00::,2401:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:af00::,2401:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2401:b000::,2401:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:b100::,2401:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:b200::,2401:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:b300::,2401:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:b400::,2401:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:b500::,2401:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:b600::,2401:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:b700::,2401:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:b800::,2401:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2401:b900::,2401:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:ba00::,2401:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:bb00::,2401:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:bc00::,2401:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2401:bd00::,2401:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:be00::,2401:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:bf00::,2401:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:c000::,2401:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:c100::,2401:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:c200::,2401:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:c300::,2401:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:c400::,2401:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:c500::,2401:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:c600::,2401:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:c700::,2401:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:c800::,2401:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:c900::,2401:c901:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:ca00::,2401:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:cb00::,2401:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2401:cc00::,2401:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:cd00::,2401:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:ce00::,2401:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:cf00::,2401:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:d000::,2401:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:d100::,2401:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:d200::,2401:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:d300::,2401:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:d400::,2401:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:d500::,2401:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:d600::,2401:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2401:d700::,2401:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:d800::,2401:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2401:d900::,2401:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:da00::,2401:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:db00::,2401:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:dc00::,2401:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:dd00::,2401:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2401:de00::,2401:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:df00::,2401:df01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:e000::,2401:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2401:e100::,2401:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:e200::,2401:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2401:e300::,2401:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:e400::,2401:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:e500::,2401:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:e600::,2401:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2401:e700::,2401:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:e800::,2401:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2401:e900::,2401:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2401:ea00::,2401:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2401:eb00::,2401:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:ec00::,2401:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:ed00::,2401:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:ee00::,2401:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2401:ef00::,2401:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:f000::,2401:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:f100::,2401:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:f200::,2401:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MM
+2401:f300::,2401:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2401:f400::,2401:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2401:f500::,2401:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2401:f600::,2401:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:f700::,2401:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:f800::,2401:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2401:f900::,2401:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2401:fa00::,2401:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:fb00::,2401:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2401:fc00::,2401:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:fd00::,2401:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2401:fe00::,2401:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2401:ff00::,2401:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402::,2402:3ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:400::,2402:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:500::,2402:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:600::,2402:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:700::,2402:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:800::,2402:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2402:900::,2402:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:a00::,2402:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:b00::,2402:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:c00::,2402:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:d00::,2402:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2402:e00::,2402:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:f00::,2402:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1000::,2402:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:1100::,2402:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:1200::,2402:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:1300::,2402:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1400::,2402:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:1500::,2402:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:1600::,2402:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:1700::,2402:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1800::,2402:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1900::,2402:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1a00::,2402:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:1b00::,2402:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:1c00::,2402:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:1d00::,2402:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:1e00::,2402:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:1f00::,2402:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:2000::,2402:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:2100::,2402:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:2200::,2402:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:2300::,2402:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2402:2400::,2402:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:2500::,2402:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:2600::,2402:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:2700::,2402:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2402:2800::,2402:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:2900::,2402:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:2a00::,2402:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:2b00::,2402:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:2c00::,2402:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:2d00::,2402:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:2f00::,2402:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3000::,2402:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:3100::,2402:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:3200::,2402:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3300::,2402:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:3400::,2402:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3500::,2402:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3600::,2402:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3700::,2402:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:3800::,2402:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:3900::,2402:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3a00::,2402:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:3b00::,2402:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:3c00::,2402:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:3d00::,2402:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:3e00::,2402:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:3f00::,2402:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2402:4000::,2402:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2402:4100::,2402:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:4200::,2402:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:4300::,2402:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:4400::,2402:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:4500::,2402:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:4600::,2402:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:4700::,2402:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:4800::,2402:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:4900::,2402:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2402:4a00::,2402:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:4b00::,2402:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:4c00::,2402:4c01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:4d00::,2402:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:4e00::,2402:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:4f00::,2402:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:5100::,2402:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2402:5200::,2402:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:5300::,2402:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2402:5400::,2402:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:5500::,2402:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2402:5600::,2402:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:5700::,2402:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:5800::,2402:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:5900::,2402:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:5a00::,2402:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:5b00::,2402:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:5c00::,2402:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:5d00::,2402:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:5e00::,2402:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:5f00::,2402:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:6000::,2402:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:6100::,2402:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:6200::,2402:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GU
+2402:6300::,2402:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:6400::,2402:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:6500::,2402:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:6600::,2402:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:6700::,2402:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:6800::,2402:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:6900::,2402:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:6a00::,2402:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:6b00::,2402:6bff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2402:6c00::,2402:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:6d00::,2402:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PF
+2402:6e00::,2402:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:6f00::,2402:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:7000::,2402:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:7100::,2402:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:7200::,2402:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TK
+2402:7300::,2402:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2402:7400::,2402:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:7500::,2402:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2402:7600::,2402:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:7700::,2402:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:7800::,2402:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:7900::,2402:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:7a00::,2402:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:7b00::,2402:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:7c00::,2402:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2402:7d00::,2402:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:7e00::,2402:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:7f00::,2402:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8000::,2402:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:8100::,2402:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8200::,2402:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:8300::,2402:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:8400::,2402:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8500::,2402:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:8600::,2402:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:8700::,2402:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:8800::,2402:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:8900::,2402:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:8a00::,2402:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8b00::,2402:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:8c00::,2402:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8d00::,2402:8d03:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:8e00::,2402:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:8f00::,2402:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:9100::,2402:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:9200::,2402:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:9300::,2402:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:9400::,2402:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:9500::,2402:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:9800::,2402:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:9900::,2402:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:9a00::,2402:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:9b00::,2402:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2402:9c00::,2402:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2402:9d00::,2402:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2402:9e00::,2402:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:9f00::,2402:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:a000::,2402:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:a100::,2402:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:a200::,2402:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:a300::,2402:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2402:a400::,2402:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:a500::,2402:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:a600::,2402:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:a700::,2402:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:a800::,2402:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:a900::,2402:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:ab00::,2402:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:ac00::,2402:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:ad00::,2402:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:ae00::,2402:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:af00::,2402:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:b100::,2402:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:b200::,2402:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:b300::,2402:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:b400::,2402:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:b500::,2402:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2402:b600::,2402:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2402:b700::,2402:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:b800::,2402:b801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:b900::,2402:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2402:ba00::,2402:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2402:bb00::,2402:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:bc00::,2402:bc07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:bd00::,2402:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:be00::,2402:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:bf00::,2402:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2402:c000::,2402:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2402:c100::,2402:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2402:c200::,2402:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:c300::,2402:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:c400::,2402:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:c500::,2402:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:c600::,2402:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:c700::,2402:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2402:c800::,2402:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:c900::,2402:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2402:ca00::,2402:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:cb00::,2402:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2402:cc00::,2402:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:cd00::,2402:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:ce00::,2402:ce01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:cf00::,2402:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:d000::,2402:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2402:d100::,2402:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:d200::,2402:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:d300::,2402:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:d400::,2402:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:d500::,2402:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:d600::,2402:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:d700::,2402:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:d800::,2402:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:d900::,2402:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:da00::,2402:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:db00::,2402:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:dc00::,2402:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:de00::,2402:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:df00::,2402:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:e000::,2402:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2402:e100::,2402:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:e200::,2402:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:e300::,2402:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:e400::,2402:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:e500::,2402:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:e600::,2402:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2402:e800::,2402:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:e900::,2402:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:ea00::,2402:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:eb00::,2402:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:ec00::,2402:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:ed00::,2402:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2402:ee00::,2402:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:ef00::,2402:ef3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:f000::,2402:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2402:f100::,2402:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:f200::,2402:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2402:f300::,2402:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:f400::,2402:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2402:f500::,2402:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2402:f600::,2402:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:f700::,2402:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:f800::,2402:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2402:f900::,2402:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2402:fa00::,2402:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2402:fb00::,2402:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2402:fc00::,2402:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2402:fd00::,2402:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2402:fe00::,2402:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2402:ff00::,2402:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403::,2403:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:100::,2403:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:200::,2403:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2403:300::,2403:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:400::,2403:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:500::,2403:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2403:600::,2403:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:700::,2403:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:800::,2403:801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:900::,2403:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:a00::,2403:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:b00::,2403:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:c00::,2403:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:d00::,2403:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:e00::,2403:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:f00::,2403:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:1000::,2403:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:1100::,2403:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:1300::,2403:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2403:1400::,2403:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:1500::,2403:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:1600::,2403:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2403:1700::,2403:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:1800::,2403:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:1900::,2403:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:1a00::,2403:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:1b00::,2403:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:1c00::,2403:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:1d00::,2403:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:1e00::,2403:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AS
+2403:1f00::,2403:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:2000::,2403:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:2100::,2403:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:2200::,2403:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:2300::,2403:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:2400::,2403:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:2500::,2403:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:2600::,2403:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:2700::,2403:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:2800::,2403:2801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:2900::,2403:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:2a00::,2403:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:2c00::,2403:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:2d00::,2403:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:2e00::,2403:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:2f00::,2403:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:3100::,2403:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:3200::,2403:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:3300::,2403:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2403:3400::,2403:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:3500::,2403:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:3600::,2403:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:3700::,2403:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2403:3800::,2403:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2403:3900::,2403:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:3a00::,2403:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:3b00::,2403:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:3c00::,2403:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:3d00::,2403:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:3e00::,2403:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2403:3f00::,2403:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2403:4000::,2403:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:4100::,2403:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:4200::,2403:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:4300::,2403:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:4400::,2403:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:4500::,2403:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:4600::,2403:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2403:4700::,2403:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:4800::,2403:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:4900::,2403:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:4a00::,2403:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:4b00::,2403:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:4c00::,2403:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:4d00::,2403:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:4e00::,2403:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:4f00::,2403:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:5000::,2403:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:5100::,2403:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:5200::,2403:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2403:5300::,2403:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:5400::,2403:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:5500::,2403:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:5600::,2403:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:5700::,2403:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:5800::,2403:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:5900::,2403:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:5a00::,2403:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:5b00::,2403:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:5c00::,2403:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:5e00::,2403:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2403:5f00::,2403:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:6000::,2403:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2403:6100::,2403:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:6200::,2403:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:6300::,2403:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2403:6400::,2403:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:6500::,2403:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2403:6600::,2403:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2403:6700::,2403:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:6800::,2403:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:6900::,2403:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:6a00::,2403:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:6b00::,2403:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:6c00::,2403:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:6d00::,2403:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:6e00::,2403:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:7000::,2403:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:7100::,2403:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:7200::,2403:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:7300::,2403:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:7400::,2403:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:7500::,2403:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2403:7600::,2403:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:7700::,2403:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:7800::,2403:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:7900::,2403:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:7a00::,2403:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:7b00::,2403:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:7c00::,2403:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:7d00::,2403:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:7e00::,2403:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:7f00::,2403:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:8000::,2403:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:8100::,2403:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:8200::,2403:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:8300::,2403:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2403:8400::,2403:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:8500::,2403:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:8600::,2403:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:8700::,2403:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BT
+2403:8800::,2403:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:8900::,2403:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:8a00::,2403:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:8b00::,2403:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:8c00::,2403:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:8d00::,2403:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:8e00::,2403:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:8f00::,2403:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9000::,2403:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:9100::,2403:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:9200::,2403:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9300::,2403:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:9400::,2403:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9500::,2403:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:9600::,2403:9600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9700::,2403:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2403:9800::,2403:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:9900::,2403:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9b00::,2403:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:9c00::,2403:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:9d00::,2403:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:9e00::,2403:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:9f00::,2403:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2403:a000::,2403:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2403:a100::,2403:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:a200::,2403:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:a300::,2403:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:a400::,2403:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:a500::,2403:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2403:a600::,2403:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:a700::,2403:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:a800::,2403:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:a900::,2403:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:aa00::,2403:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:ab00::,2403:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:ac00::,2403:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:ad00::,2403:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:ae00::,2403:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:af00::,2403:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:b000::,2403:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:b100::,2403:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:b200::,2403:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:b300::,2403:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:b400::,2403:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:b500::,2403:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:b600::,2403:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:b700::,2403:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:b800::,2403:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:b900::,2403:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:ba00::,2403:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:bb00::,2403:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:bc00::,2403:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2403:bd00::,2403:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:be00::,2403:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:bf00::,2403:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:c000::,2403:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2403:c100::,2403:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:c200::,2403:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:c300::,2403:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2403:c400::,2403:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:c500::,2403:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:c600::,2403:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:c800::,2403:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:c900::,2403:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:ca00::,2403:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:cb00::,2403:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:cc00::,2403:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:cd00::,2403:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2403:ce00::,2403:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:cf00::,2403:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:d000::,2403:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:d100::,2403:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:d200::,2403:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:d300::,2403:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:d400::,2403:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:d500::,2403:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:d600::,2403:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:d700::,2403:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2403:d800::,2403:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:d900::,2403:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:da00::,2403:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:db00::,2403:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:dc00::,2403:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:dd00::,2403:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:de00::,2403:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:df00::,2403:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:e000::,2403:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:e100::,2403:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:e200::,2403:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2403:e300::,2403:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:e400::,2403:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:e500::,2403:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:e600::,2403:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2403:e700::,2403:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:e800::,2403:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:e900::,2403:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2403:ea00::,2403:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:eb00::,2403:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:ec00::,2403:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:ed00::,2403:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:ee00::,2403:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2403:f000::,2403:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:f100::,2403:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:f200::,2403:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2403:f300::,2403:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:f400::,2403:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2403:f500::,2403:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:f600::,2403:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NR
+2403:f700::,2403:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2403:f800::,2403:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:f900::,2403:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:fa00::,2403:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2403:fb00::,2403:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2403:fc00::,2403:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:fd00::,2403:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2403:fe00::,2403:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2403:ff00::,2403:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404::,2404:3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2404:80::,2404:8f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2404:a0::,2404:a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:a8::,2404:a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:b0::,2404:b1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:b8::,2404:b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:c0::,2404:c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:c8::,2404:c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:d0::,2404:d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:d8::,2404:d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:e0::,2404:ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:100::,2404:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:130::,2404:130:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:138::,2404:139:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:140::,2404:140:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:150::,2404:150:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:158::,2404:158:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:160::,2404:160:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:168::,2404:168:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:170::,2404:170:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:178::,2404:178:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2404:180::,2404:18f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2404:1a0::,2404:1a3:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:1a8::,2404:1a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1b0::,2404:1b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:1b8::,2404:1b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:200::,2404:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:300::,2404:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2404:400::,2404:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:500::,2404:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:600::,2404:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:700::,2404:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2404:800::,2404:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2404:a00::,2404:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:b00::,2404:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:c00::,2404:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:d00::,2404:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:e00::,2404:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:f00::,2404:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:1000::,2404:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1100::,2404:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:1200::,2404:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:1300::,2404:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1400::,2404:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:1500::,2404:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:1600::,2404:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:1700::,2404:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1800::,2404:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:1900::,2404:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1a00::,2404:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:1b00::,2404:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:1c00::,2404:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:1d00::,2404:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:1e00::,2404:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:1f00::,2404:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:2000::,2404:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:2100::,2404:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:2200::,2404:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2404:2300::,2404:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2404:2400::,2404:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:2500::,2404:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:2600::,2404:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:2700::,2404:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2404:2800::,2404:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:2900::,2404:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:2a00::,2404:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2404:2b00::,2404:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:2c00::,2404:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2404:2d00::,2404:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:2e00::,2404:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2404:2f00::,2404:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:3100::,2404:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2404:3200::,2404:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:3300::,2404:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:3500::,2404:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:3600::,2404:3601:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:3700::,2404:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:3800::,2404:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:3900::,2404:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:3a00::,2404:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2404:3b00::,2404:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:3c00::,2404:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:3d00::,2404:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:3e00::,2404:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:3f00::,2404:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:4100::,2404:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:4200::,2404:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:4300::,2404:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:4400::,2404:440f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:4600::,2404:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2404:4700::,2404:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:4800::,2404:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:4900::,2404:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:4a00::,2404:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:4c00::,2404:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:4d00::,2404:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:4e00::,2404:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:4f00::,2404:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5000::,2404:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5100::,2404:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:5200::,2404:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:5300::,2404:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5400::,2404:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5500::,2404:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5600::,2404:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:5700::,2404:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:5800::,2404:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:5900::,2404:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:5a00::,2404:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:5b00::,2404:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:5c00::,2404:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5d00::,2404:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:5e00::,2404:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:5f00::,2404:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:6000::,2404:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:6100::,2404:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:6200::,2404:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2404:6300::,2404:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:6400::,2404:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2404:6500::,2404:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:6600::,2404:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:6700::,2404:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:6800::,2404:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:6900::,2404:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:6a00::,2404:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:6b00::,2404:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:6c00::,2404:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:6d00::,2404:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:6e00::,2404:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:6f00::,2404:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:7000::,2404:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2404:7100::,2404:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:7200::,2404:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:7300::,2404:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:7400::,2404:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:7500::,2404:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:7600::,2404:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:7700::,2404:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:7800::,2404:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PW
+2404:7900::,2404:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:7a00::,2404:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:7b00::,2404:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:7c00::,2404:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2404:7d00::,2404:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:7e00::,2404:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:7f00::,2404:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:8000::,2404:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:8100::,2404:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:8200::,2404:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:8300::,2404:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2404:8500::,2404:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:8600::,2404:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:8700::,2404:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:8800::,2404:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:8900::,2404:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:8a00::,2404:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2404:8b00::,2404:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:8c00::,2404:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GU
+2404:8d00::,2404:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:8e00::,2404:8e01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:8f00::,2404:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:9000::,2404:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:9100::,2404:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:9200::,2404:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:9400::,2404:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:9500::,2404:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:9600::,2404:9601:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:9700::,2404:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:9800::,2404:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:9900::,2404:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:9a00::,2404:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GU
+2404:9b00::,2404:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2404:9c00::,2404:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:9d00::,2404:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:9e00::,2404:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:9f00::,2404:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:a000::,2404:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:a100::,2404:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:a200::,2404:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:a300::,2404:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2404:a500::,2404:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:a600::,2404:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:a700::,2404:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:a800::,2404:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:aa00::,2404:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:ab00::,2404:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:ac00::,2404:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:ad00::,2404:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:ae00::,2404:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:af00::,2404:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:b000::,2404:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:b100::,2404:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:b200::,2404:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:b300::,2404:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2404:b400::,2404:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:b500::,2404:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:b600::,2404:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:b700::,2404:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:b800::,2404:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:b900::,2404:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:ba00::,2404:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:bb00::,2404:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:bc00::,2404:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:bd00::,2404:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:be00::,2404:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2404:bf00::,2404:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:c000::,2404:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:c100::,2404:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:c200::,2404:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2404:c300::,2404:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:c400::,2404:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:c500::,2404:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:c600::,2404:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:c700::,2404:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:c800::,2404:c807:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:c900::,2404:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:ca00::,2404:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:cb00::,2404:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:cc00::,2404:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2404:cd00::,2404:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:ce00::,2404:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:cf00::,2404:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:d000::,2404:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:d100::,2404:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d200::,2404:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d300::,2404:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d400::,2404:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2404:d500::,2404:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d600::,2404:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d700::,2404:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:d800::,2404:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:d900::,2404:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2404:da00::,2404:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:db00::,2404:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2404:dc00::,2404:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2404:dd00::,2404:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:de00::,2404:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:df00::,2404:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2404:e000::,2404:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:e100::,2404:e101:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:e200::,2404:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2404:e300::,2404:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:e400::,2404:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2404:e500::,2404:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:e600::,2404:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:e700::,2404:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:e800::,2404:e8ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SH
+2404:e900::,2404:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:ea00::,2404:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:eb00::,2404:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:ec00::,2404:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:ed00::,2404:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:ee00::,2404:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:ef00::,2404:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:f000::,2404:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2404:f100::,2404:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2404:f200::,2404:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:f300::,2404:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:f400::,2404:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2404:f500::,2404:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:f600::,2404:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:f700::,2404:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:f800::,2404:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2404:f801::,2404:f801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2404:f900::,2404:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:fa00::,2404:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:fb00::,2404:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:fc00::,2404:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2404:fd00::,2404:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2404:fe00::,2404:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2404:ff00::,2404:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405::,2405::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:100::,2405:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:200::,2405:207:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:400::,2405:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MH
+2405:500::,2405:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:600::,2405:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2405:700::,2405:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:800::,2405:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:900::,2405:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LA
+2405:a00::,2405:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:b00::,2405:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:c00::,2405:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2405:d00::,2405:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:e00::,2405:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:f00::,2405:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:1000::,2405:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:1200::,2405:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:1300::,2405:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:1400::,2405:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:1500::,2405:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:1600::,2405:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:1700::,2405:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BN
+2405:1800::,2405:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:1a00::,2405:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:1b00::,2405:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2405:1c00::,2405:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:1d00::,2405:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:1e00::,2405:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:1f00::,2405:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TL
+2405:2000::,2405:2001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:2200::,2405:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:2300::,2405:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:2400::,2405:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:2500::,2405:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2405:2600::,2405:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:2700::,2405:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:2900::,2405:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:2a00::,2405:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:2b00::,2405:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:2c00::,2405:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:2d00::,2405:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:2e00::,2405:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:2f00::,2405:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:3000::,2405:3001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:3100::,2405:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:3200::,2405:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:3300::,2405:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:3400::,2405:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:3500::,2405:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:3600::,2405:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:3700::,2405:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:3800::,2405:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:3900::,2405:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:3a00::,2405:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:3b00::,2405:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:3c00::,2405:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:3d00::,2405:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:3e00::,2405:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:3f00::,2405:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:4000::,2405:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2405:4100::,2405:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:4200::,2405:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:4300::,2405:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:4400::,2405:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2405:4500::,2405:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:4600::,2405:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:4700::,2405:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:4800::,2405:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2405:4900::,2405:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:4a00::,2405:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:4b00::,2405:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:4c00::,2405:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:4d00::,2405:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:4e00::,2405:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:4f00::,2405:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:5000::,2405:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:5100::,2405:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:5200::,2405:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:5300::,2405:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:5400::,2405:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2405:5500::,2405:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:5600::,2405:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:5700::,2405:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2405:5800::,2405:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:5900::,2405:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:5a00::,2405:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:5b00::,2405:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:5c00::,2405:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:5d00::,2405:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:5e00::,2405:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:5f00::,2405:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:6000::,2405:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:6100::,2405:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:6200::,2405:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:6400::,2405:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:6500::,2405:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:6600::,2405:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2405:6700::,2405:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:6800::,2405:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:6900::,2405:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:6a00::,2405:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:6b00::,2405:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2405:6c00::,2405:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:6d00::,2405:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2405:6e00::,2405:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:6f00::,2405:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:7000::,2405:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:7100::,2405:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:7200::,2405:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:7300::,2405:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2405:7400::,2405:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GU
+2405:7500::,2405:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:7600::,2405:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:7700::,2405:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:7800::,2405:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:7900::,2405:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:7a00::,2405:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:7b00::,2405:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:7c00::,2405:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2405:7d00::,2405:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:7e00::,2405:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:7f00::,2405:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:8000::,2405:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:8100::,2405:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:8200::,2405:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:8300::,2405:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SB
+2405:8400::,2405:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:8500::,2405:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:8600::,2405:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:8700::,2405:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:8800::,2405:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:8900::,2405:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:8a00::,2405:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:8b00::,2405:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:8c00::,2405:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,WS
+2405:8d00::,2405:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GU
+2405:8e00::,2405:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:8f00::,2405:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:9000::,2405:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:9100::,2405:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:9200::,2405:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:9300::,2405:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:9400::,2405:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:9500::,2405:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:9600::,2405:9600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:9700::,2405:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:9800::,2405:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2405:9900::,2405:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:9a00::,2405:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:9b00::,2405:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:9c00::,2405:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:9d00::,2405:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:9e00::,2405:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:9f00::,2405:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:a000::,2405:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2405:a100::,2405:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:a200::,2405:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:a300::,2405:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:a400::,2405:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:a500::,2405:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:a600::,2405:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:a700::,2405:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:a900::,2405:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:aa00::,2405:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:ab00::,2405:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:ac00::,2405:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:ad00::,2405:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:ae00::,2405:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2405:af00::,2405:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:b000::,2405:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:b100::,2405:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:b200::,2405:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:b300::,2405:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:b400::,2405:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:b500::,2405:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:b600::,2405:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:b800::,2405:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:b900::,2405:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2405:ba00::,2405:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:bb00::,2405:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:bc00::,2405:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:bd00::,2405:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:be00::,2405:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:bf00::,2405:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:c000::,2405:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2405:c100::,2405:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:c200::,2405:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:c300::,2405:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:c400::,2405:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:c500::,2405:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:c600::,2405:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2405:c700::,2405:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:c800::,2405:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:c900::,2405:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:ca00::,2405:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:cb00::,2405:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2405:cc00::,2405:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PF
+2405:cd00::,2405:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2405:ce00::,2405:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:cf00::,2405:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:d000::,2405:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BT
+2405:d100::,2405:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:d200::,2405:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:d300::,2405:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:d400::,2405:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:d500::,2405:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:d600::,2405:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:d700::,2405:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:d800::,2405:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:d900::,2405:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:da00::,2405:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:db00::,2405:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:dc00::,2405:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:e000::,2405:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:e100::,2405:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:e200::,2405:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:e300::,2405:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:e400::,2405:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:e500::,2405:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:e600::,2405:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2405:e700::,2405:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:e800::,2405:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:e900::,2405:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:ea00::,2405:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:eb00::,2405:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:ec00::,2405:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BT
+2405:ed00::,2405:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:ee00::,2405:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2405:ef00::,2405:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2405:f000::,2405:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:f100::,2405:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:f200::,2405:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2405:f300::,2405:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:f400::,2405:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:f500::,2405:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:f600::,2405:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:f700::,2405:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2405:f800::,2405:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2405:f900::,2405:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2405:fa00::,2405:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2405:fb00::,2405:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:fc00::,2405:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2405:fe00::,2405:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2405:ff00::,2405:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406::,2406::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:100::,2406:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:200::,2406:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:300::,2406:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2406:400::,2406:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2406:500::,2406:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:600::,2406:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:700::,2406:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:800::,2406:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:900::,2406:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a00::,2406:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:b00::,2406:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:c00::,2406:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2406:d00::,2406:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:e00::,2406:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:f00::,2406:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:1000::,2406:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:1100::,2406:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:1200::,2406:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:1300::,2406:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:1400::,2406:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:1500::,2406:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TO
+2406:1600::,2406:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:1700::,2406:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:1900::,2406:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:1a00::,2406:1a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:1b00::,2406:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:1c00::,2406:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:1d00::,2406:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:1e00::,2406:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:1f00::,2406:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:2000::,2406:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2406:2100::,2406:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:2200::,2406:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:2300::,2406:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:2400::,2406:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:2500::,2406:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:2600::,2406:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:2700::,2406:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:2800::,2406:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:2900::,2406:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:2a00::,2406:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2406:2b00::,2406:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:2c00::,2406:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:2d00::,2406:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:2e00::,2406:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:2f00::,2406:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:3000::,2406:3003:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:3100::,2406:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2406:3200::,2406:3200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2406:3300::,2406:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:3400::,2406:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3500::,2406:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2406:3600::,2406:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3700::,2406:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:3800::,2406:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3900::,2406:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3a00::,2406:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3b00::,2406:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3c00::,2406:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:3d00::,2406:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:3e00::,2406:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:3f00::,2406:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:4000::,2406:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:4100::,2406:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:4200::,2406:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:4300::,2406:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:4400::,2406:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2406:4500::,2406:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:4600::,2406:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:4700::,2406:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:4800::,2406:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:4900::,2406:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2406:4a00::,2406:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:4b00::,2406:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:4c00::,2406:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:4d00::,2406:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:4e00::,2406:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:4f00::,2406:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:5000::,2406:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:5100::,2406:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:5200::,2406:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:5300::,2406:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:5400::,2406:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:5500::,2406:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:5600::,2406:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:5700::,2406:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2406:5800::,2406:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:5900::,2406:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:5a00::,2406:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:5b00::,2406:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2406:5c00::,2406:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:5d00::,2406:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:5e00::,2406:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:5f00::,2406:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6000::,2406:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2406:6100::,2406:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:6200::,2406:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:6300::,2406:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:6400::,2406:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6500::,2406:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:6600::,2406:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:6700::,2406:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6800::,2406:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:6900::,2406:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6a00::,2406:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:6b00::,2406:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:6c00::,2406:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6d00::,2406:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6e00::,2406:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:6f00::,2406:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:7000::,2406:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:7100::,2406:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:7200::,2406:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:7300::,2406:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:7400::,2406:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:7500::,2406:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:7600::,2406:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:7800::,2406:7801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BN
+2406:7900::,2406:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2406:7a00::,2406:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:7c00::,2406:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:7d00::,2406:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:7e00::,2406:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:7f00::,2406:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:8000::,2406:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:8100::,2406:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:8200::,2406:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:8400::,2406:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:8500::,2406:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:8600::,2406:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:8700::,2406:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:8800::,2406:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:8900::,2406:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:8a00::,2406:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:8b00::,2406:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2406:8c00::,2406:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:8d00::,2406:8d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:8e00::,2406:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:8f00::,2406:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:9000::,2406:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2406:9100::,2406:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:9200::,2406:9200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:9300::,2406:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:9400::,2406:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:9500::,2406:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:9600::,2406:9600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:9700::,2406:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:9900::,2406:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:9a00::,2406:9a01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:9b00::,2406:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:9c00::,2406:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:9d00::,2406:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:9e00::,2406:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:9f00::,2406:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a000::,2406:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a100::,2406:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2406:a200::,2406:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a300::,2406:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:a400::,2406:a400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:a500::,2406:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:a600::,2406:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a700::,2406:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a800::,2406:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:a900::,2406:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:aa00::,2406:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:ab00::,2406:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:ac00::,2406:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:ad00::,2406:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:ae00::,2406:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:af00::,2406:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:b000::,2406:b000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:b100::,2406:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2406:b200::,2406:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:b300::,2406:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:b400::,2406:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:b500::,2406:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:b600::,2406:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:b700::,2406:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2406:b800::,2406:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:b900::,2406:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:ba00::,2406:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:bb00::,2406:bb07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:bc00::,2406:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:bd00::,2406:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:be00::,2406:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:bf00::,2406:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c000::,2406:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c100::,2406:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:c200::,2406:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c300::,2406:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:c400::,2406:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c500::,2406:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c600::,2406:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c700::,2406:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:c800::,2406:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:c900::,2406:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:ca00::,2406:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:cb00::,2406:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:cc00::,2406:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:cd00::,2406:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KI
+2406:ce00::,2406:ce07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:cf00::,2406:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:d000::,2406:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:d100::,2406:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AF
+2406:d200::,2406:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:d300::,2406:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:d400::,2406:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2406:d500::,2406:d501:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:d600::,2406:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:d700::,2406:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2406:d800::,2406:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:db00::,2406:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:dc00::,2406:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:dd00::,2406:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:de00::,2406:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:df00::,2406:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:e000::,2406:e007:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:e100::,2406:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2406:e200::,2406:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:e300::,2406:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:e400::,2406:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MV
+2406:e500::,2406:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:e600::,2406:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:e700::,2406:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:e800::,2406:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:e900::,2406:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:ea00::,2406:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MM
+2406:eb00::,2406:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2406:ec00::,2406:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:ed00::,2406:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:ee00::,2406:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2406:ef00::,2406:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:f000::,2406:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:f100::,2406:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2406:f200::,2406:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:f300::,2406:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2406:f400::,2406:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:f500::,2406:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2406:f600::,2406:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:f700::,2406:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:f800::,2406:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2406:f900::,2406:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:fa00::,2406:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2406:fb00::,2406:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2406:fc00::,2406:fc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2406:fd00::,2406:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2406:fe00::,2406:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2406:ff00::,2406:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407::,2407::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:100::,2407:100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VN
+2407:200::,2407:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:300::,2407:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:400::,2407:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:500::,2407:500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:600::,2407:600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:700::,2407:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:800::,2407:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2407:900::,2407:900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:a00::,2407:a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:b00::,2407:b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:c00::,2407:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LK
+2407:d00::,2407:d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:e00::,2407:e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:f00::,2407:f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:1000::,2407:1000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:1100::,2407:1100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:1200::,2407:1200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:1300::,2407:1300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:1400::,2407:1400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2407:1500::,2407:1500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:1600::,2407:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:1700::,2407:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:1800::,2407:1800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2407:1900::,2407:1900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:1b00::,2407:1b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2407:1c00::,2407:1c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:1d00::,2407:1d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:1e00::,2407:1e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:1f00::,2407:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:2000::,2407:2000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:2100::,2407:2100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:2200::,2407:2200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:2300::,2407:2300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2407:2400::,2407:2400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:2500::,2407:2500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:2600::,2407:2600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:2700::,2407:2700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:2800::,2407:2800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,WS
+2407:2900::,2407:2900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:2a00::,2407:2a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:2b00::,2407:2b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:2c00::,2407:2c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:2d00::,2407:2d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:2e00::,2407:2e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:2f00::,2407:2f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:3000::,2407:3000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:3100::,2407:3100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:3300::,2407:3300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:3400::,2407:3400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:3500::,2407:3500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:3600::,2407:3600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:3700::,2407:3700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:3800::,2407:3800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SB
+2407:3900::,2407:3900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:3a00::,2407:3a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:3b00::,2407:3b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PG
+2407:3c00::,2407:3c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:3d00::,2407:3d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:3e00::,2407:3e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:3f00::,2407:3f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:4000::,2407:4000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:4100::,2407:4100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:4200::,2407:4200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:4300::,2407:4300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:4400::,2407:4400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:4500::,2407:4500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2407:4600::,2407:4600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:4700::,2407:4700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:4800::,2407:4800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FM
+2407:4900::,2407:4900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:4a00::,2407:4a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NC
+2407:4b00::,2407:4b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:4c00::,2407:4c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:4d00::,2407:4d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:4e00::,2407:4e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:4f00::,2407:4f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:5000::,2407:5000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:5100::,2407:5100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:5200::,2407:5200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2407:5300::,2407:5300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:5400::,2407:5400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:5500::,2407:5500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:5600::,2407:5600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:5700::,2407:5700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:5800::,2407:5800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CK
+2407:5900::,2407:5900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:5a00::,2407:5a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2407:5b00::,2407:5b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:5c00::,2407:5c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:5d00::,2407:5d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:5e00::,2407:5e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KH
+2407:5f00::,2407:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:6000::,2407:6000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:6100::,2407:6100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MM
+2407:6200::,2407:6200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2407:6300::,2407:6300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:6400::,2407:6400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MN
+2407:6500::,2407:6500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:6600::,2407:6600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:6700::,2407:6700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:6800::,2407:6800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:6900::,2407:6900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:6a00::,2407:6a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:6b00::,2407:6b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:6c00::,2407:6c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:6d00::,2407:6d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:6e00::,2407:6e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:6f00::,2407:6f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:7000::,2407:7000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:7100::,2407:7100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TW
+2407:7200::,2407:7200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:7300::,2407:7300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:7400::,2407:7400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:7500::,2407:7500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:7600::,2407:7600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:7700::,2407:7700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:7800::,2407:7800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:7900::,2407:7900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:7a00::,2407:7a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:7b00::,2407:7b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:7c00::,2407:7c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:7d00::,2407:7d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:7e00::,2407:7e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:7f00::,2407:7f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:8000::,2407:8000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:8100::,2407:8100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:8200::,2407:8200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:8300::,2407:8300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:8400::,2407:8400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:8500::,2407:8500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:8600::,2407:8600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:8700::,2407:8700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:8800::,2407:8800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:8900::,2407:8900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:8a00::,2407:8a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:8b00::,2407:8b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:8c00::,2407:8c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:8e00::,2407:8e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:8f00::,2407:8f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:9000::,2407:9000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:9100::,2407:9100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:9300::,2407:9300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:9400::,2407:9400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:9500::,2407:9500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2407:9700::,2407:9700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:9800::,2407:9800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PH
+2407:9900::,2407:9900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:9a00::,2407:9a00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:9b00::,2407:9b00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:9c00::,2407:9c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2407:9d00::,2407:9d00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:9e00::,2407:9e00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2407:9f00::,2407:9f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:a000::,2407:a000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FJ
+2407:a100::,2407:a100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:a200::,2407:a200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:a300::,2407:a300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:a500::,2407:a500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:a600::,2407:a600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:a700::,2407:a700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:a800::,2407:a800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:a900::,2407:a900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:aa00::,2407:aa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:ab00::,2407:ab00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:ac00::,2407:ac00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:ad00::,2407:ad00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:ae00::,2407:ae00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:af00::,2407:af00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:b000::,2407:b001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:b100::,2407:b100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:b200::,2407:b200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:b300::,2407:b300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:b400::,2407:b400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:b500::,2407:b500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:b600::,2407:b600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:b700::,2407:b700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:b800::,2407:b800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:b900::,2407:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:ba00::,2407:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:bb00::,2407:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:bc00::,2407:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:bd00::,2407:bd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:be00::,2407:be00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:bf00::,2407:bf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:c000::,2407:c000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:c100::,2407:c100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:c200::,2407:c200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:c300::,2407:c300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:c400::,2407:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:c500::,2407:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:c600::,2407:c600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:c700::,2407:c700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:c800::,2407:c800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:c900::,2407:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:ca00::,2407:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:cb00::,2407:cb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:cc00::,2407:cc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:cd00::,2407:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:ce00::,2407:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:cf00::,2407:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:d000::,2407:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PK
+2407:d100::,2407:d100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KR
+2407:d200::,2407:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:d300::,2407:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:d400::,2407:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NP
+2407:d500::,2407:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:d600::,2407:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:d700::,2407:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BD
+2407:d800::,2407:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:d900::,2407:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:da00::,2407:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:db00::,2407:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:dc00::,2407:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:dd00::,2407:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:de00::,2407:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:df00::,2407:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:e000::,2407:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:e100::,2407:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:e200::,2407:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:e300::,2407:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:e400::,2407:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:e500::,2407:e501:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:e600::,2407:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:e700::,2407:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:e800::,2407:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2407:e900::,2407:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:ea00::,2407:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:eb00::,2407:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:ec00::,2407:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:ed00::,2407:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TH
+2407:ee00::,2407:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:ef00::,2407:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SG
+2407:f000::,2407:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:f100::,2407:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NZ
+2407:f200::,2407:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:f300::,2407:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MM
+2407:f400::,2407:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:f500::,2407:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:f600::,2407:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2407:f700::,2407:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2407:f800::,2407:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MY
+2407:f900::,2407:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ID
+2407:fa00::,2407:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HK
+2407:fd00::,2407:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:fe00::,2407:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AU
+2407:ff00::,2407:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IN
+2408::,2408:3ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2408:8000::,2408:8fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+2409:10::,2409:1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2409:250::,2409:25f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+2409:8000::,2409:8fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+240a::,240a:7f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+240a:8000::,240a:87ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+240b::,240b:3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+240b:240::,240b:27f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+240b:8000::,240b:87ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+240c::,240c:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+240d::,240d:1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,JP
+240e::,240e:fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CN
+240f::,240f:ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2600::,2600:7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:100::,2600:10f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:200::,2600:20f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:300::,2600:400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:800::,2600:81f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:900::,2600:90f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:a00::,2600:a01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:b00::,2600:b0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:c00::,2600:c14:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:d00::,2600:d0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2600:f00::,2600:fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1000::,2600:1007:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2600:1008::,2600:1009:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2600:100a::,2600:100b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:100c::,2600:100d:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2600:100e::,2600:1017:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1100::,2600:110f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1200::,2600:130f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1400::,2600:141f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1500::,2600:150f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1600::,2600:16ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2600:1800::,2600:180f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:1c00::,2600:1c0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:2000::,2600:200f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:2400::,2600:2407:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:2800::,2600:2803:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:2c00::,2600:2c03:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:3000::,2600:3007:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:3400::,2600:340f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:3800::,2600:380f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:3c00::,2600:3c03:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:4000::,2600:40ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:4400::,2600:4407:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:4800::,2600:480f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:4c00::,2600:4c01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:5000::,2600:500f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:5400::,2600:541f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:5800::,2600:5801:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:5c00::,2600:5c01:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:6000::,2600:6001:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:6400::,2600:640f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:6800::,2600:68ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:6c00::,2600:6cff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:7000::,2600:70ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:7400::,2600:740f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:8000::,2600:80ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2600:e000::,2600:e00f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2601::,2601:ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2602::,2602:10f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,US
+2602:200::,2602:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2602:210::,2602:210:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
+2602:220::,2602:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CA
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+2803::,2803::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
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+2803:b900::,2803:b900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ba00::,2803:ba00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GT
+2803:ba80::,2803:ba80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:bb00::,2803:bb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:bc00::,2803:bc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
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+2803:c280::,2803:c280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EC
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+2803:c400::,2803:c400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:c480::,2803:c480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:c500::,2803:c500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
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+2803:c880::,2803:c880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:c900::,2803:c900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ca00::,2803:ca00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
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+2803:cd00::,2803:cd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ce00::,2803:ce00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:ce80::,2803:ce80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:cf00::,2803:cf00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:d000::,2803:d000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BZ
+2803:d080::,2803:d080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
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+2803:d200::,2803:d200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:d280::,2803:d280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PY
+2803:d300::,2803:d300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2803:d400::,2803:d400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:d480::,2803:d480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VE
+2803:d500::,2803:d500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BZ
+2803:d600::,2803:d600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UY
+2803:d680::,2803:d680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2803:d700::,2803:d700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,VE
+2803:d800::,2803:d800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:d880::,2803:d880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:d900::,2803:d900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:da00::,2803:da00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GY
+2803:da80::,2803:da80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:db00::,2803:db00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:dc00::,2803:dc00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:dc80::,2803:dc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:dd00::,2803:dd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2803:de00::,2803:de00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:de80::,2803:de80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:df00::,2803:df00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SV
+2803:e000::,2803:e000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:e080::,2803:e080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e100::,2803:e100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e180::,2803:e180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CL
+2803:e200::,2803:e200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e280::,2803:e280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e300::,2803:e300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:e400::,2803:e400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e480::,2803:e480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:e500::,2803:e500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2803:e600::,2803:e600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2803:e680::,2803:e680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:e700::,2803:e700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:e800::,2803:e800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CL
+2803:e880::,2803:e880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GT
+2803:e900::,2803:e900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ea00::,2803:ea00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ea80::,2803:ea80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:eb00::,2803:eb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ec00::,2803:ec00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ec80::,2803:ec80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ed00::,2803:ed00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2803:ee00::,2803:ee00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ee80::,2803:ee80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:ef00::,2803:ef00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2803:f000::,2803:f000:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f080::,2803:f080:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2803:f100::,2803:f100:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f200::,2803:f200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f280::,2803:f280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DO
+2803:f300::,2803:f300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f400::,2803:f400:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HN
+2803:f480::,2803:f480:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:f500::,2803:f500:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CW
+2803:f600::,2803:f600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:f680::,2803:f680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f700::,2803:f700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:f800::,2803:f800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:f880::,2803:f880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CR
+2803:f900::,2803:f900:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BZ
+2803:fa00::,2803:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BO
+2803:fa80::,2803:fa80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:fb00::,2803:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PA
+2803:fc80::,2803:fc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2803:fd00::,2803:fd00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:fe00::,2803:fe00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CO
+2803:fe80::,2803:fe80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PE
+2803:ff00::,2803:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AR
+2804::,2804::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:14a4::,2804:14a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:159c::,2804:159c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15a0::,2804:15a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15a4::,2804:15a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15a8::,2804:15a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15ac::,2804:15ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15b0::,2804:15b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15b4::,2804:15b4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15b8::,2804:15b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15bc::,2804:15bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15c0::,2804:15c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15c4::,2804:15c4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15c8::,2804:15c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15cc::,2804:15cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15d0::,2804:15d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15d4::,2804:15d4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15d8::,2804:15d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15dc::,2804:15dc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15e0::,2804:15e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15e4::,2804:15e4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15e8::,2804:15e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15ec::,2804:15ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15f0::,2804:15f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15f4::,2804:15f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:15f8::,2804:15f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:1600::,2804:1600:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1604::,2804:1604:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1608::,2804:1608:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:160c::,2804:160c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1610::,2804:1610:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1614::,2804:1614:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1618::,2804:1618:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:161c::,2804:161c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1620::,2804:1620:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1624::,2804:1624:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1628::,2804:1628:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:162c::,2804:162c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1630::,2804:1630:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1634::,2804:1634:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1638::,2804:1638:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:163c::,2804:163c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1640::,2804:1640:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1644::,2804:1644:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1648::,2804:1648:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:164c::,2804:164c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1650::,2804:1650:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1654::,2804:1654:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1658::,2804:1658:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:165c::,2804:165c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1660::,2804:1660:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1664::,2804:1664:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1668::,2804:1668:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:166c::,2804:166c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1670::,2804:1670:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1674::,2804:1674:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1678::,2804:1678:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:167c::,2804:167c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1680::,2804:1680:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1684::,2804:1684:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1688::,2804:1688:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:168c::,2804:168c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1690::,2804:1690:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1694::,2804:1694:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1698::,2804:1698:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:169c::,2804:169c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16a0::,2804:16a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16a4::,2804:16a4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16a8::,2804:16a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16ac::,2804:16ac:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16b0::,2804:16b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16b4::,2804:16b4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16b8::,2804:16b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16bc::,2804:16bc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16c0::,2804:16c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16c4::,2804:16c4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16c8::,2804:16c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16cc::,2804:16cc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16d0::,2804:16d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16d4::,2804:16d4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16d8::,2804:16d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16dc::,2804:16dc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16e0::,2804:16e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16e4::,2804:16e4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16e8::,2804:16e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16ec::,2804:16ec:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16f0::,2804:16f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16f4::,2804:16f4:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16f8::,2804:16f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:16fc::,2804:16fc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1700::,2804:1700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1704::,2804:1704:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1708::,2804:1708:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:170c::,2804:170c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1710::,2804:1710:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1714::,2804:1714:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1718::,2804:1718:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:171c::,2804:171c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1720::,2804:1720:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1724::,2804:1724:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1728::,2804:1728:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:172c::,2804:172c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1730::,2804:1730:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:1790::,2804:1790:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1794::,2804:1794:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:17a0::,2804:17a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:180c::,2804:180c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1810::,2804:1810:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1814::,2804:1814:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
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+2804:181c::,2804:181c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1820::,2804:1820:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1824::,2804:1824:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1828::,2804:1828:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:182c::,2804:182c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1830::,2804:1830:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1834::,2804:1834:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1838::,2804:1838:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:183c::,2804:183c:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1840::,2804:1840:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1844::,2804:1844:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1f00::,2804:1f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1f02::,2804:1f02:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1f04::,2804:1f04:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1f06::,2804:1f06:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2804:1f08::,2804:1f08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BR
+2806::,2806:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:200::,2806:200:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:210::,2806:214:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:220::,2806:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:230::,2806:230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:238::,2806:238::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:238:10::,2806:238:10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:239::,2806:239:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:240::,2806:240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:250::,2806:250:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:260::,2806:260:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:270::,2806:270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:280::,2806:280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:290::,2806:290:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2a0::,2806:2a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2b0::,2806:2b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2c0::,2806:2c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2d0::,2806:2d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2e0::,2806:2e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:2f0::,2806:2f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:300::,2806:300:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:310::,2806:310:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:320::,2806:320:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:330::,2806:330:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:340::,2806:340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:350::,2806:350:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:360::,2806:360:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:370::,2806:370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2806:1000::,2806:10ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MX
+2a00::,2a00:3ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a00:800::,2a00:87f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SE
+2a00:c00::,2a00:c00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a00:c08::,2a00:c08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a00:c10::,2a00:c10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a00:c18::,2a00:c18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2a00:c20::,2a00:c20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:b8::,2a02:b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
+2a02:c0::,2a02:c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2a02:c8::,2a02:c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BE
+2a02:d0::,2a02:d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2a02:108::,2a02:10f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
+2a02:110::,2a02:110:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a02:118::,2a02:118:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LT
+2a02:120::,2a02:120:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:128::,2a02:128:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2a02:130::,2a02:130:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SK
+2a02:138::,2a02:138:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2a02:140::,2a02:140:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FI
+2a02:148::,2a02:14f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IL
+2a02:150::,2a02:150:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:158::,2a02:158:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2a02:168::,2a02:16b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a02:170::,2a02:170:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:178::,2a02:178:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2a02:180::,2a02:180:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:188::,2a02:18f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DK
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+2a02:218::,2a02:218:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:220::,2a02:220:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IE
+2a02:228::,2a02:22f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
+2a02:230::,2a02:230:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:238::,2a02:238:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:240::,2a02:240:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2a02:258::,2a02:258:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2a02:268::,2a02:268:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TR
+2a02:270::,2a02:270:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
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+2a02:280::,2a02:280:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
+2a02:288::,2a02:290:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:298::,2a02:298:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:2d8::,2a02:2d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:318::,2a02:318:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:330::,2a02:330:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:338::,2a02:338:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:340::,2a02:340:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:348::,2a02:348:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:350::,2a02:350:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
+2a02:358::,2a02:358:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:360::,2a02:360:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:368::,2a02:368:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a02:370::,2a02:370:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a02:380::,2a02:381:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LI
+2a02:388::,2a02:388:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
+2a02:390::,2a02:390:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:398::,2a02:398:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
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+2a02:3c0::,2a02:3c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CZ
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+2a02:3e8::,2a02:3e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
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+2a02:440::,2a02:440:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2a02:488::,2a02:488:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,FR
+2a02:490::,2a02:490:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,IT
+2a02:498::,2a02:498:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2a02:4d8::,2a02:4d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
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+2a02:4e8::,2a02:4e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:520::,2a02:520:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:530::,2a02:530:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
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+2a02:548::,2a02:548:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:550::,2a02:550:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:558::,2a02:558:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,HU
+2a02:560::,2a02:560:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2a02:5b8::,2a02:5b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:5f0::,2a02:5f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UA
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+2a02:658::,2a02:658:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:678::,2a02:678:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LU
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+2a02:690::,2a02:690:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2a02:6a0::,2a02:6a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CH
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+2a02:700::,2a02:700:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:710::,2a02:710:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:7c0::,2a02:7c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:818::,2a02:81f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
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+2a02:830::,2a02:830:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2a02:860::,2a02:860:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2a02:870::,2a02:870:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,PT
+2a02:878::,2a02:878:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RU
+2a02:880::,2a02:880:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
+2a02:888::,2a02:888:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SA
+2a02:890::,2a02:890:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:898::,2a02:898:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:8a0::,2a02:8a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2a02:8b8::,2a02:8b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,DE
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+2a02:8c8::,2a02:8c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:8d0::,2a02:8d1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
+2a02:8d8::,2a02:8d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GB
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+2a02:a08::,2a02:a08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
+2a02:a10::,2a02:a10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NL
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+2a02:a20::,2a02:a20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NO
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+2c0f:f950::,2c0f:f950:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SS
+2c0f:f958::,2c0f:f958:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f960::,2c0f:f960:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2c0f:f968::,2c0f:f968:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2c0f:f970::,2c0f:f970:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f978::,2c0f:f978:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CD
+2c0f:f980::,2c0f:f980:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NA
+2c0f:f988::,2c0f:f988:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f990::,2c0f:f990:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GN
+2c0f:f998::,2c0f:f998:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MR
+2c0f:f9a0::,2c0f:f9a0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2c0f:f9a8::,2c0f:f9a8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f9b0::,2c0f:f9b0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GA
+2c0f:f9b8::,2c0f:f9b8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
+2c0f:f9c0::,2c0f:f9c0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BW
+2c0f:f9c8::,2c0f:f9c8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f9d0::,2c0f:f9d0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2c0f:f9d8::,2c0f:f9d8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f9e0::,2c0f:f9e0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:f9e8::,2c0f:f9e8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:f9f0::,2c0f:f9f0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MG
+2c0f:f9f8::,2c0f:f9f8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BJ
+2c0f:fa00::,2c0f:fa00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2c0f:fa08::,2c0f:fa08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CD
+2c0f:fa10::,2c0f:fa10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZM
+2c0f:fa18::,2c0f:fa18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MA
+2c0f:fa20::,2c0f:fa20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SS
+2c0f:fa28::,2c0f:fa28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MG
+2c0f:fa38::,2c0f:fa38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fa40::,2c0f:fa40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fa48::,2c0f:fa48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fa58::,2c0f:fa58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fa60::,2c0f:fa60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fa68::,2c0f:fa68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
+2c0f:fa70::,2c0f:fa70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fa78::,2c0f:fa78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fa80::,2c0f:fa80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fa88::,2c0f:fa88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ST
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+2c0f:faa0::,2c0f:faa7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SD
+2c0f:fab0::,2c0f:fabf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TN
+2c0f:fac0::,2c0f:fac0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2c0f:fac8::,2c0f:fac8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BW
+2c0f:fad0::,2c0f:fad0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,RW
+2c0f:fad8::,2c0f:fad8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2c0f:fae0::,2c0f:fae0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CM
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+2c0f:faf0::,2c0f:faf0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:faf8::,2c0f:faf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb00::,2c0f:fb00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2c0f:fb08::,2c0f:fb08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb10::,2c0f:fb10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LY
+2c0f:fb18::,2c0f:fb18:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb20::,2c0f:fb20:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MA
+2c0f:fb28::,2c0f:fb28:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb30::,2c0f:fb30:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb38::,2c0f:fb38:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SO
+2c0f:fb40::,2c0f:fb40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb48::,2c0f:fb48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2c0f:fb50::,2c0f:fb50:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2c0f:fb58::,2c0f:fb58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fb60::,2c0f:fb60:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2c0f:fb68::,2c0f:fb68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LS
+2c0f:fb70::,2c0f:fb70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,AO
+2c0f:fb78::,2c0f:fb78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2c0f:fb80::,2c0f:fb80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:fb88::,2c0f:fb88:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
+2c0f:fb90::,2c0f:fb90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MZ
+2c0f:fb98::,2c0f:fb98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
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+2c0f:fba8::,2c0f:fba8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
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+2c0f:fbb8::,2c0f:fbb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
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+2c0f:fbc8::,2c0f:fbc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2c0f:fbd0::,2c0f:fbd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GN
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+2c0f:fc40::,2c0f:fc40:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,EG
+2c0f:fc48::,2c0f:fc48:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
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+2c0f:fc58::,2c0f:fc58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2c0f:fc60::,2c0f:fc61:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
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+2c0f:fc70::,2c0f:fc70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
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+2c0f:fc80::,2c0f:fc80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
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+2c0f:fc90::,2c0f:fc90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:fc98::,2c0f:fc98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:fca0::,2c0f:fca0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
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+2c0f:fcb8::,2c0f:fcb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GM
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+2c0f:fcd0::,2c0f:fcd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZM
+2c0f:fcd8::,2c0f:fcd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SO
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+2c0f:fcf8::,2c0f:fcf8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,GH
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+2c0f:fd58::,2c0f:fd58:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
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+2c0f:fd70::,2c0f:fd70:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2c0f:fd78::,2c0f:fd78:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BI
+2c0f:fd80::,2c0f:fd80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BF
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+2c0f:fd90::,2c0f:fd90:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZM
+2c0f:fd98::,2c0f:fd98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZM
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+2c0f:fdb0::,2c0f:fdb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,TZ
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+2c0f:fde8::,2c0f:fde8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MW
+2c0f:fdf0::,2c0f:fdf0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
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+2c0f:fe68::,2c0f:fe68:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
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+2c0f:fea8::,2c0f:fea8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:feb0::,2c0f:feb1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,MU
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+2c0f:fef0::,2c0f:fef0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SC
+2c0f:fef8::,2c0f:fef8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,KE
+2c0f:ff00::,2c0f:ff00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,BW
+2c0f:ff08::,2c0f:ff08:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ff10::,2c0f:ff10:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,CD
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+2c0f:ff40::,2c0f:ff80:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
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+2c0f:ff98::,2c0f:ff98:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2c0f:ffa0::,2c0f:ffa0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,UG
+2c0f:ffa8::,2c0f:ffa8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,LS
+2c0f:ffb0::,2c0f:ffb0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:ffb8::,2c0f:ffb8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,SD
+2c0f:ffc0::,2c0f:ffc0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ffc8::,2c0f:ffc8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ffd0::,2c0f:ffd0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ffd8::,2c0f:ffd8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ffe0::,2c0f:ffe0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,ZA
+2c0f:ffe8::,2c0f:ffe8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
+2c0f:fff0::,2c0f:fff0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff,NG
diff --git a/src/config/include.am b/src/config/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35961b829a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+confdir = $(sysconfdir)/tor
+
+tordatadir = $(datadir)/tor
+
+EXTRA_DIST+= src/config/geoip src/config/geoip6
+# fallback-consensus
+
+conf_DATA = src/config/torrc.sample
+
+tordata_DATA = src/config/geoip src/config/geoip6
+# fallback_consensus
+
+# If we don't have it, fake it.
+src_config_fallback-consensus:
+	touch src/config/fallback-consensus
+
diff --git a/src/config/torrc.sample.in b/src/config/torrc.sample.in
index a1a08aa8f9..c667efc5c9 100644
--- a/src/config/torrc.sample.in
+++ b/src/config/torrc.sample.in
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ## Configuration file for a typical Tor user
-## Last updated 22 April 2012 for Tor 0.2.3.14-alpha.
+## Last updated 12 September 2012 for Tor 0.2.4.3-alpha.
 ## (may or may not work for much older or much newer versions of Tor.)
 ##
 ## Lines that begin with "## " try to explain what's going on. Lines
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 ## configure one below. Set "SocksPort 0" if you plan to run Tor only
 ## as a relay, and not make any local application connections yourself.
 #SocksPort 9050 # Default: Bind to localhost:9050 for local connections.
-#SocksPort 192.168.0.1:9100 # Bind to this adddress:port too.
+#SocksPort 192.168.0.1:9100 # Bind to this address:port too.
 
 ## Entry policies to allow/deny SOCKS requests based on IP address.
 ## First entry that matches wins. If no SocksPolicy is set, we accept
diff --git a/src/common/OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c b/src/ext/OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c
index da82729811..da82729811 100644
--- a/src/common/OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c
+++ b/src/ext/OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c
diff --git a/src/ext/README b/src/ext/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58ba7f699d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/README
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+OpenBSD_malloc_Linux.c:
+
+    The OpenBSD malloc implementation, ported to Linux.  Used only when
+    --enable-openbsd-malloc is passed to the configure script.
+
+strlcat.c
+strlcpy.c
+
+    Implementations of strlcat and strlcpy, the more sane replacements
+    for strcat and strcpy.  These are nonstandard, and some libc
+    implementations refuse to add them for religious reasons.
+
+eventdns.[ch]
+
+    A fork of Libevent's DNS implementation, used by Tor when Libevent
+    2.0 or later is not available.  Once Libevent 2.0 is required, we
+    should throw this away; it has diverged from evdns.[ch], and is
+    no longer easily mergeable.
+
+ht.h
+
+    An implementation of a hash table in the style of Niels Provos's
+    tree.h.  Shared with Libevent.
+
+tinytest.[ch]
+tinytest_demos.c
+tinytest_macros.h
+
+    A unit testing framework. https://github.com/nmathewson/tinytest
+
+tor_queue.h
+
+    A copy of sys/queue.h from OpenBSD.  We keep our own copy rather
+    than using sys/queue.h, since some platforms don't have a
+    sys/queue.h, and the ones that do have diverged in incompatible
+    ways.  (CIRCLEQ or no CIRCLEQ? SIMPLQ or STAILQ?)  We also rename
+    the identifiers with a TOR_ prefix to avoid conflicts with
+    the system headers.
+
+curve25519_donna/*.c
+
+    A copy of Adam Langley's curve25519-donna mostly-portable
+    implementations of curve25519.
diff --git a/src/ext/curve25519_donna/README b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f77bd7d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/README
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+See http://code.google.com/p/curve25519-donna/ for details.
+
+BUILDING:
+
+If you run `make`, two .a archives will be built, similar to djb's curve25519
+code. Alternatively, read on:
+
+The C implementation is contained within curve25519-donna.c. It has no external
+dependancies and is BSD licenced. You can copy/include/link it directly in with
+your program. Recommended C flags: -O2
+
+The x86-64 bit implementation is contained within curve25519-donna-x86-64.c and
+curve25519-donna-x86-64.s. Build like this:
+
+% cpp curve25519-donna-x86-64.s > curve25519-donna-x86-64.s.pp
+% as -o curve25519-donna-x86-64.s.o curve25519-donna-x86-64.s.pp
+% gcc -O2 -c curve25519-donna-x86-64.c
+
+Then the two .o files can be linked in
+
+USAGE:
+
+The usage is exactly the same as djb's code (as described at
+http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html) expect that the function is called curve25519_donna.
+
+In short,
+
+To generate a private key, generate 32 random bytes and:
+
+  mysecret[0] &= 248;
+  mysecret[31] &= 127;
+  mysecret[31] |= 64;
+
+To generate the public key, just do
+
+  static const uint8_t basepoint[32] = {9};
+  curve25519_donna(mypublic, mysecret, basepoint);
+
+To generate an agreed key do:
+  uint8_t shared_key[32];
+  curve25519_donna(shared_key, mysecret, theirpublic);
+
+And hash the shared_key with a cryptographic hash function before using.
+
diff --git a/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna-c64.c b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna-c64.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b68ff3695a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna-c64.c
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+/* Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Code released into the public domain.
+ *
+ * curve25519-donna: Curve25519 elliptic curve, public key function
+ *
+ * http://code.google.com/p/curve25519-donna/
+ *
+ * Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org>
+ *
+ * Derived from public domain C code by Daniel J. Bernstein <djb@cr.yp.to>
+ *
+ * More information about curve25519 can be found here
+ *   http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html
+ *
+ * djb's sample implementation of curve25519 is written in a special assembly
+ * language called qhasm and uses the floating point registers.
+ *
+ * This is, almost, a clean room reimplementation from the curve25519 paper. It
+ * uses many of the tricks described therein. Only the crecip function is taken
+ * from the sample implementation.
+ */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "torint.h"
+
+typedef uint8_t u8;
+typedef uint64_t limb;
+typedef limb felem[5];
+// This is a special gcc mode for 128-bit integers. It's implemented on 64-bit
+// platforms only as far as I know.
+typedef unsigned uint128_t __attribute__((mode(TI)));
+
+#undef force_inline
+#define force_inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+
+/* Sum two numbers: output += in */
+static inline void force_inline
+fsum(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  output[0] += in[0];
+  output[1] += in[1];
+  output[2] += in[2];
+  output[3] += in[3];
+  output[4] += in[4];
+}
+
+/* Find the difference of two numbers: output = in - output
+ * (note the order of the arguments!)
+ *
+ * Assumes that out[i] < 2**52
+ * On return, out[i] < 2**55
+ */
+static inline void force_inline
+fdifference_backwards(felem out, const felem in) {
+  /* 152 is 19 << 3 */
+  static const limb two54m152 = (((limb)1) << 54) - 152;
+  static const limb two54m8 = (((limb)1) << 54) - 8;
+
+  out[0] = in[0] + two54m152 - out[0];
+  out[1] = in[1] + two54m8 - out[1];
+  out[2] = in[2] + two54m8 - out[2];
+  out[3] = in[3] + two54m8 - out[3];
+  out[4] = in[4] + two54m8 - out[4];
+}
+
+/* Multiply a number by a scalar: output = in * scalar */
+static inline void force_inline
+fscalar_product(felem output, const felem in, const limb scalar) {
+  uint128_t a;
+
+  a = ((uint128_t) in[0]) * scalar;
+  output[0] = ((limb)a) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  a = ((uint128_t) in[1]) * scalar + ((limb) (a >> 51));
+  output[1] = ((limb)a) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  a = ((uint128_t) in[2]) * scalar + ((limb) (a >> 51));
+  output[2] = ((limb)a) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  a = ((uint128_t) in[3]) * scalar + ((limb) (a >> 51));
+  output[3] = ((limb)a) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  a = ((uint128_t) in[4]) * scalar + ((limb) (a >> 51));
+  output[4] = ((limb)a) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  output[0] += (a >> 51) * 19;
+}
+
+/* Multiply two numbers: output = in2 * in
+ *
+ * output must be distinct to both inputs. The inputs are reduced coefficient
+ * form, the output is not.
+ *
+ * Assumes that in[i] < 2**55 and likewise for in2.
+ * On return, output[i] < 2**52
+ */
+static inline void force_inline
+fmul(felem output, const felem in2, const felem in) {
+  uint128_t t[5];
+  limb r0,r1,r2,r3,r4,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,c;
+
+  r0 = in[0];
+  r1 = in[1];
+  r2 = in[2];
+  r3 = in[3];
+  r4 = in[4];
+
+  s0 = in2[0];
+  s1 = in2[1];
+  s2 = in2[2];
+  s3 = in2[3];
+  s4 = in2[4];
+
+  t[0]  =  ((uint128_t) r0) * s0;
+  t[1]  =  ((uint128_t) r0) * s1 + ((uint128_t) r1) * s0;
+  t[2]  =  ((uint128_t) r0) * s2 + ((uint128_t) r2) * s0 + ((uint128_t) r1) * s1;
+  t[3]  =  ((uint128_t) r0) * s3 + ((uint128_t) r3) * s0 + ((uint128_t) r1) * s2 + ((uint128_t) r2) * s1;
+  t[4]  =  ((uint128_t) r0) * s4 + ((uint128_t) r4) * s0 + ((uint128_t) r3) * s1 + ((uint128_t) r1) * s3 + ((uint128_t) r2) * s2;
+
+  r4 *= 19;
+  r1 *= 19;
+  r2 *= 19;
+  r3 *= 19;
+
+  t[0] += ((uint128_t) r4) * s1 + ((uint128_t) r1) * s4 + ((uint128_t) r2) * s3 + ((uint128_t) r3) * s2;
+  t[1] += ((uint128_t) r4) * s2 + ((uint128_t) r2) * s4 + ((uint128_t) r3) * s3;
+  t[2] += ((uint128_t) r4) * s3 + ((uint128_t) r3) * s4;
+  t[3] += ((uint128_t) r4) * s4;
+
+                  r0 = (limb)t[0] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[0] >> 51);
+  t[1] += c;      r1 = (limb)t[1] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[1] >> 51);
+  t[2] += c;      r2 = (limb)t[2] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[2] >> 51);
+  t[3] += c;      r3 = (limb)t[3] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[3] >> 51);
+  t[4] += c;      r4 = (limb)t[4] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[4] >> 51);
+  r0 +=   c * 19; c = r0 >> 51; r0 = r0 & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  r1 +=   c;      c = r1 >> 51; r1 = r1 & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  r2 +=   c;
+
+  output[0] = r0;
+  output[1] = r1;
+  output[2] = r2;
+  output[3] = r3;
+  output[4] = r4;
+}
+
+static inline void force_inline
+fsquare_times(felem output, const felem in, limb count) {
+  uint128_t t[5];
+  limb r0,r1,r2,r3,r4,c;
+  limb d0,d1,d2,d4,d419;
+
+  r0 = in[0];
+  r1 = in[1];
+  r2 = in[2];
+  r3 = in[3];
+  r4 = in[4];
+
+  do {
+    d0 = r0 * 2;
+    d1 = r1 * 2;
+    d2 = r2 * 2 * 19;
+    d419 = r4 * 19;
+    d4 = d419 * 2;
+
+    t[0] = ((uint128_t) r0) * r0 + ((uint128_t) d4) * r1 + (((uint128_t) d2) * (r3     ));
+    t[1] = ((uint128_t) d0) * r1 + ((uint128_t) d4) * r2 + (((uint128_t) r3) * (r3 * 19));
+    t[2] = ((uint128_t) d0) * r2 + ((uint128_t) r1) * r1 + (((uint128_t) d4) * (r3     ));
+    t[3] = ((uint128_t) d0) * r3 + ((uint128_t) d1) * r2 + (((uint128_t) r4) * (d419   ));
+    t[4] = ((uint128_t) d0) * r4 + ((uint128_t) d1) * r3 + (((uint128_t) r2) * (r2     ));
+
+                    r0 = (limb)t[0] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[0] >> 51);
+    t[1] += c;      r1 = (limb)t[1] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[1] >> 51);
+    t[2] += c;      r2 = (limb)t[2] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[2] >> 51);
+    t[3] += c;      r3 = (limb)t[3] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[3] >> 51);
+    t[4] += c;      r4 = (limb)t[4] & 0x7ffffffffffff; c = (limb)(t[4] >> 51);
+    r0 +=   c * 19; c = r0 >> 51; r0 = r0 & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+    r1 +=   c;      c = r1 >> 51; r1 = r1 & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+    r2 +=   c;
+  } while(--count);
+
+  output[0] = r0;
+  output[1] = r1;
+  output[2] = r2;
+  output[3] = r3;
+  output[4] = r4;
+}
+
+/* Load a little-endian 64-bit number  */
+static limb
+load_limb(const u8 *in) {
+  return
+    ((limb)in[0]) |
+    (((limb)in[1]) << 8) |
+    (((limb)in[2]) << 16) |
+    (((limb)in[3]) << 24) |
+    (((limb)in[4]) << 32) |
+    (((limb)in[5]) << 40) |
+    (((limb)in[6]) << 48) |
+    (((limb)in[7]) << 56);
+}
+
+static void
+store_limb(u8 *out, limb in) {
+  out[0] = in & 0xff;
+  out[1] = (in >> 8) & 0xff;
+  out[2] = (in >> 16) & 0xff;
+  out[3] = (in >> 24) & 0xff;
+  out[4] = (in >> 32) & 0xff;
+  out[5] = (in >> 40) & 0xff;
+  out[6] = (in >> 48) & 0xff;
+  out[7] = (in >> 56) & 0xff;
+}
+
+/* Take a little-endian, 32-byte number and expand it into polynomial form */
+static void
+fexpand(limb *output, const u8 *in) {
+  output[0] = load_limb(in) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  output[1] = (load_limb(in+6) >> 3) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  output[2] = (load_limb(in+12) >> 6) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  output[3] = (load_limb(in+19) >> 1) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  output[4] = (load_limb(in+24) >> 12) & 0x7ffffffffffff;
+}
+
+/* Take a fully reduced polynomial form number and contract it into a
+ * little-endian, 32-byte array
+ */
+static void
+fcontract(u8 *output, const felem input) {
+  uint128_t t[5];
+
+  t[0] = input[0];
+  t[1] = input[1];
+  t[2] = input[2];
+  t[3] = input[3];
+  t[4] = input[4];
+
+  t[1] += t[0] >> 51; t[0] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[2] += t[1] >> 51; t[1] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[3] += t[2] >> 51; t[2] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[4] += t[3] >> 51; t[3] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[0] += 19 * (t[4] >> 51); t[4] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  t[1] += t[0] >> 51; t[0] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[2] += t[1] >> 51; t[1] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[3] += t[2] >> 51; t[2] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[4] += t[3] >> 51; t[3] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[0] += 19 * (t[4] >> 51); t[4] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  /* now t is between 0 and 2^255-1, properly carried. */
+  /* case 1: between 0 and 2^255-20. case 2: between 2^255-19 and 2^255-1. */
+
+  t[0] += 19;
+
+  t[1] += t[0] >> 51; t[0] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[2] += t[1] >> 51; t[1] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[3] += t[2] >> 51; t[2] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[4] += t[3] >> 51; t[3] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[0] += 19 * (t[4] >> 51); t[4] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  /* now between 19 and 2^255-1 in both cases, and offset by 19. */
+
+  t[0] += 0x8000000000000 - 19;
+  t[1] += 0x8000000000000 - 1;
+  t[2] += 0x8000000000000 - 1;
+  t[3] += 0x8000000000000 - 1;
+  t[4] += 0x8000000000000 - 1;
+
+  /* now between 2^255 and 2^256-20, and offset by 2^255. */
+
+  t[1] += t[0] >> 51; t[0] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[2] += t[1] >> 51; t[1] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[3] += t[2] >> 51; t[2] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[4] += t[3] >> 51; t[3] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+  t[4] &= 0x7ffffffffffff;
+
+  store_limb(output,    t[0] | (t[1] << 51));
+  store_limb(output+8,  (t[1] >> 13) | (t[2] << 38));
+  store_limb(output+16, (t[2] >> 26) | (t[3] << 25));
+  store_limb(output+24, (t[3] >> 39) | (t[4] << 12));
+}
+
+/* Input: Q, Q', Q-Q'
+ * Output: 2Q, Q+Q'
+ *
+ *   x2 z3: long form
+ *   x3 z3: long form
+ *   x z: short form, destroyed
+ *   xprime zprime: short form, destroyed
+ *   qmqp: short form, preserved
+ */
+static void
+fmonty(limb *x2, limb *z2, /* output 2Q */
+       limb *x3, limb *z3, /* output Q + Q' */
+       limb *x, limb *z,   /* input Q */
+       limb *xprime, limb *zprime, /* input Q' */
+       const limb *qmqp /* input Q - Q' */) {
+  limb origx[5], origxprime[5], zzz[5], xx[5], zz[5], xxprime[5],
+        zzprime[5], zzzprime[5];
+
+  memcpy(origx, x, 5 * sizeof(limb));
+  fsum(x, z);
+  fdifference_backwards(z, origx);  // does x - z
+
+  memcpy(origxprime, xprime, sizeof(limb) * 5);
+  fsum(xprime, zprime);
+  fdifference_backwards(zprime, origxprime);
+  fmul(xxprime, xprime, z);
+  fmul(zzprime, x, zprime);
+  memcpy(origxprime, xxprime, sizeof(limb) * 5);
+  fsum(xxprime, zzprime);
+  fdifference_backwards(zzprime, origxprime);
+  fsquare_times(x3, xxprime, 1);
+  fsquare_times(zzzprime, zzprime, 1);
+  fmul(z3, zzzprime, qmqp);
+
+  fsquare_times(xx, x, 1);
+  fsquare_times(zz, z, 1);
+  fmul(x2, xx, zz);
+  fdifference_backwards(zz, xx);  // does zz = xx - zz
+  fscalar_product(zzz, zz, 121665);
+  fsum(zzz, xx);
+  fmul(z2, zz, zzz);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Maybe swap the contents of two limb arrays (@a and @b), each @len elements
+// long. Perform the swap iff @swap is non-zero.
+//
+// This function performs the swap without leaking any side-channel
+// information.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void
+swap_conditional(limb a[5], limb b[5], limb iswap) {
+  unsigned i;
+  const limb swap = -iswap;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+    const limb x = swap & (a[i] ^ b[i]);
+    a[i] ^= x;
+    b[i] ^= x;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Calculates nQ where Q is the x-coordinate of a point on the curve
+ *
+ *   resultx/resultz: the x coordinate of the resulting curve point (short form)
+ *   n: a little endian, 32-byte number
+ *   q: a point of the curve (short form)
+ */
+static void
+cmult(limb *resultx, limb *resultz, const u8 *n, const limb *q) {
+  limb a[5] = {0}, b[5] = {1}, c[5] = {1}, d[5] = {0};
+  limb *nqpqx = a, *nqpqz = b, *nqx = c, *nqz = d, *t;
+  limb e[5] = {0}, f[5] = {1}, g[5] = {0}, h[5] = {1};
+  limb *nqpqx2 = e, *nqpqz2 = f, *nqx2 = g, *nqz2 = h;
+
+  unsigned i, j;
+
+  memcpy(nqpqx, q, sizeof(limb) * 5);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+    u8 byte = n[31 - i];
+    for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
+      const limb bit = byte >> 7;
+
+      swap_conditional(nqx, nqpqx, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz, nqpqz, bit);
+      fmonty(nqx2, nqz2,
+             nqpqx2, nqpqz2,
+             nqx, nqz,
+             nqpqx, nqpqz,
+             q);
+      swap_conditional(nqx2, nqpqx2, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz2, nqpqz2, bit);
+
+      t = nqx;
+      nqx = nqx2;
+      nqx2 = t;
+      t = nqz;
+      nqz = nqz2;
+      nqz2 = t;
+      t = nqpqx;
+      nqpqx = nqpqx2;
+      nqpqx2 = t;
+      t = nqpqz;
+      nqpqz = nqpqz2;
+      nqpqz2 = t;
+
+      byte <<= 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memcpy(resultx, nqx, sizeof(limb) * 5);
+  memcpy(resultz, nqz, sizeof(limb) * 5);
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shamelessly copied from djb's code, tightened a little
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void
+crecip(felem out, const felem z) {
+  felem a,t0,b,c;
+
+  /* 2 */ fsquare_times(a, z, 1); // a = 2
+  /* 8 */ fsquare_times(t0, a, 2);
+  /* 9 */ fmul(b, t0, z); // b = 9
+  /* 11 */ fmul(a, b, a); // a = 11
+  /* 22 */ fsquare_times(t0, a, 1);
+  /* 2^5 - 2^0 = 31 */ fmul(b, t0, b);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^5 */ fsquare_times(t0, b, 5);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^0 */ fmul(b, t0, b);
+  /* 2^20 - 2^10 */ fsquare_times(t0, b, 10);
+  /* 2^20 - 2^0 */ fmul(c, t0, b);
+  /* 2^40 - 2^20 */ fsquare_times(t0, c, 20);
+  /* 2^40 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0, t0, c);
+  /* 2^50 - 2^10 */ fsquare_times(t0, t0, 10);
+  /* 2^50 - 2^0 */ fmul(b, t0, b);
+  /* 2^100 - 2^50 */ fsquare_times(t0, b, 50);
+  /* 2^100 - 2^0 */ fmul(c, t0, b);
+  /* 2^200 - 2^100 */ fsquare_times(t0, c, 100);
+  /* 2^200 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0, t0, c);
+  /* 2^250 - 2^50 */ fsquare_times(t0, t0, 50);
+  /* 2^250 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0, t0, b);
+  /* 2^255 - 2^5 */ fsquare_times(t0, t0, 5);
+  /* 2^255 - 21 */ fmul(out, t0, a);
+}
+
+int curve25519_donna(u8 *, const u8 *, const u8 *);
+
+int
+curve25519_donna(u8 *mypublic, const u8 *secret, const u8 *basepoint) {
+  limb bp[5], x[5], z[5], zmone[5];
+  uint8_t e[32];
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) e[i] = secret[i];
+  e[0] &= 248;
+  e[31] &= 127;
+  e[31] |= 64;
+
+  fexpand(bp, basepoint);
+  cmult(x, z, e, bp);
+  crecip(zmone, z);
+  fmul(z, x, zmone);
+  fcontract(mypublic, z);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna.c b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c6821ccd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/curve25519_donna/curve25519-donna.c
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+/* Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * curve25519-donna: Curve25519 elliptic curve, public key function
+ *
+ * http://code.google.com/p/curve25519-donna/
+ *
+ * Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org>
+ *
+ * Derived from public domain C code by Daniel J. Bernstein <djb@cr.yp.to>
+ *
+ * More information about curve25519 can be found here
+ *   http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html
+ *
+ * djb's sample implementation of curve25519 is written in a special assembly
+ * language called qhasm and uses the floating point registers.
+ *
+ * This is, almost, a clean room reimplementation from the curve25519 paper. It
+ * uses many of the tricks described therein. Only the crecip function is taken
+ * from the sample implementation.
+ */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "torint.h"
+
+typedef uint8_t u8;
+typedef int32_t s32;
+typedef int64_t limb;
+
+/* Field element representation:
+ *
+ * Field elements are written as an array of signed, 64-bit limbs, least
+ * significant first. The value of the field element is:
+ *   x[0] + 2^26·x[1] + x^51·x[2] + 2^102·x[3] + ...
+ *
+ * i.e. the limbs are 26, 25, 26, 25, ... bits wide.
+ */
+
+/* Sum two numbers: output += in */
+static void fsum(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
+    output[0+i] = (output[0+i] + in[0+i]);
+    output[1+i] = (output[1+i] + in[1+i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Find the difference of two numbers: output = in - output
+ * (note the order of the arguments!)
+ */
+static void fdifference(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    output[i] = (in[i] - output[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Multiply a number by a scalar: output = in * scalar */
+static void fscalar_product(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb scalar) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    output[i] = in[i] * scalar;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Multiply two numbers: output = in2 * in
+ *
+ * output must be distinct to both inputs. The inputs are reduced coefficient
+ * form, the output is not.
+ */
+static void fproduct(limb *output, const limb *in2, const limb *in) {
+  output[0] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[1] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[2] =  2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[3] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[4] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[5] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[6] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[7] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[8] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[9] =       ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[0])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[1])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[1])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[2]);
+  output[11] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[2])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[2]);
+  output[12] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[3])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[3])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[13] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[4])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[5])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[5])) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[6]);
+  output[15] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[6])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[6]);
+  output[16] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in2[7])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[7]));
+  output[17] =      ((limb) ((s32) in2[8])) * ((s32) in[9]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[8]);
+  output[18] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in2[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+}
+
+/* Reduce a long form to a short form by taking the input mod 2^255 - 19. */
+static void freduce_degree(limb *output) {
+  /* Each of these shifts and adds ends up multiplying the value by 19. */
+  output[8] += output[18] << 4;
+  output[8] += output[18] << 1;
+  output[8] += output[18];
+  output[7] += output[17] << 4;
+  output[7] += output[17] << 1;
+  output[7] += output[17];
+  output[6] += output[16] << 4;
+  output[6] += output[16] << 1;
+  output[6] += output[16];
+  output[5] += output[15] << 4;
+  output[5] += output[15] << 1;
+  output[5] += output[15];
+  output[4] += output[14] << 4;
+  output[4] += output[14] << 1;
+  output[4] += output[14];
+  output[3] += output[13] << 4;
+  output[3] += output[13] << 1;
+  output[3] += output[13];
+  output[2] += output[12] << 4;
+  output[2] += output[12] << 1;
+  output[2] += output[12];
+  output[1] += output[11] << 4;
+  output[1] += output[11] << 1;
+  output[1] += output[11];
+  output[0] += output[10] << 4;
+  output[0] += output[10] << 1;
+  output[0] += output[10];
+}
+
+#if (-1 & 3) != 3
+#error "This code only works on a two's complement system"
+#endif
+
+/* return v / 2^26, using only shifts and adds. */
+static inline limb
+div_by_2_26(const limb v)
+{
+  /* High word of v; no shift needed*/
+  const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
+  /* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
+  const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
+  /* Set to 0x3ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
+  const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 6;
+  /* Should return v / (1<<26) */
+  return (v + roundoff) >> 26;
+}
+
+/* return v / (2^25), using only shifts and adds. */
+static inline limb
+div_by_2_25(const limb v)
+{
+  /* High word of v; no shift needed*/
+  const uint32_t highword = (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) v) >> 32);
+  /* Set to all 1s if v was negative; else set to 0s. */
+  const int32_t sign = ((int32_t) highword) >> 31;
+  /* Set to 0x1ffffff if v was negative; else set to 0. */
+  const int32_t roundoff = ((uint32_t) sign) >> 7;
+  /* Should return v / (1<<25) */
+  return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
+}
+
+static inline s32
+div_s32_by_2_25(const s32 v)
+{
+   const s32 roundoff = ((uint32_t)(v >> 31)) >> 7;
+   return (v + roundoff) >> 25;
+}
+
+/* Reduce all coefficients of the short form input so that |x| < 2^26.
+ *
+ * On entry: |output[i]| < 2^62
+ */
+static void freduce_coefficients(limb *output) {
+  unsigned i;
+
+  output[10] = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {
+    limb over = div_by_2_26(output[i]);
+    output[i] -= over << 26;
+    output[i+1] += over;
+
+    over = div_by_2_25(output[i+1]);
+    output[i+1] -= over << 25;
+    output[i+2] += over;
+  }
+  /* Now |output[10]| < 2 ^ 38 and all other coefficients are reduced. */
+  output[0] += output[10] << 4;
+  output[0] += output[10] << 1;
+  output[0] += output[10];
+
+  output[10] = 0;
+
+  /* Now output[1..9] are reduced, and |output[0]| < 2^26 + 19 * 2^38
+   * So |over| will be no more than 77825  */
+  {
+    limb over = div_by_2_26(output[0]);
+    output[0] -= over << 26;
+    output[1] += over;
+  }
+
+  /* Now output[0,2..9] are reduced, and |output[1]| < 2^25 + 77825
+   * So |over| will be no more than 1. */
+  {
+    /* output[1] fits in 32 bits, so we can use div_s32_by_2_25 here. */
+    s32 over32 = div_s32_by_2_25((s32) output[1]);
+    output[1] -= over32 << 25;
+    output[2] += over32;
+  }
+
+  /* Finally, output[0,1,3..9] are reduced, and output[2] is "nearly reduced":
+   * we have |output[2]| <= 2^26.  This is good enough for all of our math,
+   * but it will require an extra freduce_coefficients before fcontract. */
+}
+
+/* A helpful wrapper around fproduct: output = in * in2.
+ *
+ * output must be distinct to both inputs. The output is reduced degree and
+ * reduced coefficient.
+ */
+static void
+fmul(limb *output, const limb *in, const limb *in2) {
+  limb t[19];
+  fproduct(t, in, in2);
+  freduce_degree(t);
+  freduce_coefficients(t);
+  memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+static void fsquare_inner(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  output[0] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[0]);
+  output[1] =  2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[1]);
+  output[2] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[1]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[2]));
+  output[3] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[3]));
+  output[4] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[2]) +
+               4 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[4]);
+  output[5] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[5]));
+  output[6] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[3]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[5]));
+  output[7] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[7]));
+  output[8] =       ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[4]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[5])));
+  output[9] =  2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[0])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[10] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[5]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[1])) * ((s32) in[9])));
+  output[11] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[2])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[12] =      ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[6]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[3])) * ((s32) in[9])));
+  output[13] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[4])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[14] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[7]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[5])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[15] = 2 * (((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+                    ((limb) ((s32) in[6])) * ((s32) in[9]));
+  output[16] =      ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[8]) +
+               4 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[7])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+  output[17] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[8])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+  output[18] = 2 *  ((limb) ((s32) in[9])) * ((s32) in[9]);
+}
+
+static void
+fsquare(limb *output, const limb *in) {
+  limb t[19];
+  fsquare_inner(t, in);
+  freduce_degree(t);
+  freduce_coefficients(t);
+  memcpy(output, t, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+/* Take a little-endian, 32-byte number and expand it into polynomial form */
+static void
+fexpand(limb *output, const u8 *input) {
+#define F(n,start,shift,mask) \
+  output[n] = ((((limb) input[start + 0]) | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 1]) << 8 | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 2]) << 16 | \
+                ((limb) input[start + 3]) << 24) >> shift) & mask;
+  F(0, 0, 0, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(1, 3, 2, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(2, 6, 3, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(3, 9, 5, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(4, 12, 6, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(5, 16, 0, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(6, 19, 1, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(7, 22, 3, 0x1ffffff);
+  F(8, 25, 4, 0x3ffffff);
+  F(9, 28, 6, 0x1ffffff);
+#undef F
+}
+
+#if (-32 >> 1) != -16
+#error "This code only works when >> does sign-extension on negative numbers"
+#endif
+
+/* Take a fully reduced polynomial form number and contract it into a
+ * little-endian, 32-byte array
+ */
+static void
+fcontract(u8 *output, limb *input) {
+  int i;
+  int j;
+
+  for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
+    for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      if ((i & 1) == 1) {
+        /* This calculation is a time-invariant way to make input[i] positive
+           by borrowing from the next-larger limb.
+        */
+        const s32 mask = (s32)(input[i]) >> 31;
+        const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[i]) & mask) >> 25);
+        input[i] = (s32)(input[i]) + (carry << 25);
+        input[i+1] = (s32)(input[i+1]) - carry;
+      } else {
+        const s32 mask = (s32)(input[i]) >> 31;
+        const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[i]) & mask) >> 26);
+        input[i] = (s32)(input[i]) + (carry << 26);
+        input[i+1] = (s32)(input[i+1]) - carry;
+      }
+    }
+    {
+      const s32 mask = (s32)(input[9]) >> 31;
+      const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[9]) & mask) >> 25);
+      input[9] = (s32)(input[9]) + (carry << 25);
+      input[0] = (s32)(input[0]) - (carry * 19);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* The first borrow-propagation pass above ended with every limb
+     except (possibly) input[0] non-negative.
+
+     Since each input limb except input[0] is decreased by at most 1
+     by a borrow-propagation pass, the second borrow-propagation pass
+     could only have wrapped around to decrease input[0] again if the
+     first pass left input[0] negative *and* input[1] through input[9]
+     were all zero.  In that case, input[1] is now 2^25 - 1, and this
+     last borrow-propagation step will leave input[1] non-negative.
+  */
+  {
+    const s32 mask = (s32)(input[0]) >> 31;
+    const s32 carry = -(((s32)(input[0]) & mask) >> 26);
+    input[0] = (s32)(input[0]) + (carry << 26);
+    input[1] = (s32)(input[1]) - carry;
+  }
+
+  /* Both passes through the above loop, plus the last 0-to-1 step, are
+     necessary: if input[9] is -1 and input[0] through input[8] are 0,
+     negative values will remain in the array until the end.
+   */
+
+  input[1] <<= 2;
+  input[2] <<= 3;
+  input[3] <<= 5;
+  input[4] <<= 6;
+  input[6] <<= 1;
+  input[7] <<= 3;
+  input[8] <<= 4;
+  input[9] <<= 6;
+#define F(i, s) \
+  output[s+0] |=  input[i] & 0xff; \
+  output[s+1]  = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xff; \
+  output[s+2]  = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xff; \
+  output[s+3]  = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xff;
+  output[0] = 0;
+  output[16] = 0;
+  F(0,0);
+  F(1,3);
+  F(2,6);
+  F(3,9);
+  F(4,12);
+  F(5,16);
+  F(6,19);
+  F(7,22);
+  F(8,25);
+  F(9,28);
+#undef F
+}
+
+/* Input: Q, Q', Q-Q'
+ * Output: 2Q, Q+Q'
+ *
+ *   x2 z3: long form
+ *   x3 z3: long form
+ *   x z: short form, destroyed
+ *   xprime zprime: short form, destroyed
+ *   qmqp: short form, preserved
+ */
+static void fmonty(limb *x2, limb *z2,  /* output 2Q */
+                   limb *x3, limb *z3,  /* output Q + Q' */
+                   limb *x, limb *z,    /* input Q */
+                   limb *xprime, limb *zprime,  /* input Q' */
+                   const limb *qmqp /* input Q - Q' */) {
+  limb origx[10], origxprime[10], zzz[19], xx[19], zz[19], xxprime[19],
+        zzprime[19], zzzprime[19], xxxprime[19];
+
+  memcpy(origx, x, 10 * sizeof(limb));
+  fsum(x, z);
+  fdifference(z, origx);  // does x - z
+
+  memcpy(origxprime, xprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  fsum(xprime, zprime);
+  fdifference(zprime, origxprime);
+  fproduct(xxprime, xprime, z);
+  fproduct(zzprime, x, zprime);
+  freduce_degree(xxprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(xxprime);
+  freduce_degree(zzprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
+  memcpy(origxprime, xxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  fsum(xxprime, zzprime);
+  fdifference(zzprime, origxprime);
+  fsquare(xxxprime, xxprime);
+  fsquare(zzzprime, zzprime);
+  fproduct(zzprime, zzzprime, qmqp);
+  freduce_degree(zzprime);
+  freduce_coefficients(zzprime);
+  memcpy(x3, xxxprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  memcpy(z3, zzprime, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+
+  fsquare(xx, x);
+  fsquare(zz, z);
+  fproduct(x2, xx, zz);
+  freduce_degree(x2);
+  freduce_coefficients(x2);
+  fdifference(zz, xx);  // does zz = xx - zz
+  memset(zzz + 10, 0, sizeof(limb) * 9);
+  fscalar_product(zzz, zz, 121665);
+  /* No need to call freduce_degree here:
+     fscalar_product doesn't increase the degree of its input. */
+  freduce_coefficients(zzz);
+  fsum(zzz, xx);
+  fproduct(z2, zz, zzz);
+  freduce_degree(z2);
+  freduce_coefficients(z2);
+}
+
+/* Conditionally swap two reduced-form limb arrays if 'iswap' is 1, but leave
+ * them unchanged if 'iswap' is 0.  Runs in data-invariant time to avoid
+ * side-channel attacks.
+ *
+ * NOTE that this function requires that 'iswap' be 1 or 0; other values give
+ * wrong results.  Also, the two limb arrays must be in reduced-coefficient,
+ * reduced-degree form: the values in a[10..19] or b[10..19] aren't swapped,
+ * and all all values in a[0..9],b[0..9] must have magnitude less than
+ * INT32_MAX.
+ */
+static void
+swap_conditional(limb a[19], limb b[19], limb iswap) {
+  unsigned i;
+  const s32 swap = (s32) -iswap;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    const s32 x = swap & ( ((s32)a[i]) ^ ((s32)b[i]) );
+    a[i] = ((s32)a[i]) ^ x;
+    b[i] = ((s32)b[i]) ^ x;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Calculates nQ where Q is the x-coordinate of a point on the curve
+ *
+ *   resultx/resultz: the x coordinate of the resulting curve point (short form)
+ *   n: a little endian, 32-byte number
+ *   q: a point of the curve (short form)
+ */
+static void
+cmult(limb *resultx, limb *resultz, const u8 *n, const limb *q) {
+  limb a[19] = {0}, b[19] = {1}, c[19] = {1}, d[19] = {0};
+  limb *nqpqx = a, *nqpqz = b, *nqx = c, *nqz = d, *t;
+  limb e[19] = {0}, f[19] = {1}, g[19] = {0}, h[19] = {1};
+  limb *nqpqx2 = e, *nqpqz2 = f, *nqx2 = g, *nqz2 = h;
+
+  unsigned i, j;
+
+  memcpy(nqpqx, q, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+    u8 byte = n[31 - i];
+    for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
+      const limb bit = byte >> 7;
+
+      swap_conditional(nqx, nqpqx, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz, nqpqz, bit);
+      fmonty(nqx2, nqz2,
+             nqpqx2, nqpqz2,
+             nqx, nqz,
+             nqpqx, nqpqz,
+             q);
+      swap_conditional(nqx2, nqpqx2, bit);
+      swap_conditional(nqz2, nqpqz2, bit);
+
+      t = nqx;
+      nqx = nqx2;
+      nqx2 = t;
+      t = nqz;
+      nqz = nqz2;
+      nqz2 = t;
+      t = nqpqx;
+      nqpqx = nqpqx2;
+      nqpqx2 = t;
+      t = nqpqz;
+      nqpqz = nqpqz2;
+      nqpqz2 = t;
+
+      byte <<= 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memcpy(resultx, nqx, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+  memcpy(resultz, nqz, sizeof(limb) * 10);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shamelessly copied from djb's code
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void
+crecip(limb *out, const limb *z) {
+  limb z2[10];
+  limb z9[10];
+  limb z11[10];
+  limb z2_5_0[10];
+  limb z2_10_0[10];
+  limb z2_20_0[10];
+  limb z2_50_0[10];
+  limb z2_100_0[10];
+  limb t0[10];
+  limb t1[10];
+  int i;
+
+  /* 2 */ fsquare(z2,z);
+  /* 4 */ fsquare(t1,z2);
+  /* 8 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 9 */ fmul(z9,t0,z);
+  /* 11 */ fmul(z11,z9,z2);
+  /* 22 */ fsquare(t0,z11);
+  /* 2^5 - 2^0 = 31 */ fmul(z2_5_0,t0,z9);
+
+  /* 2^6 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_5_0);
+  /* 2^7 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^8 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^9 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^10 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_10_0,t0,z2_5_0);
+
+  /* 2^11 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_10_0);
+  /* 2^12 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^20 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^20 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_20_0,t1,z2_10_0);
+
+  /* 2^21 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_20_0);
+  /* 2^22 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^40 - 2^20 */ for (i = 2;i < 20;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^40 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_20_0);
+
+  /* 2^41 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^42 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^50 - 2^10 */ for (i = 2;i < 10;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
+  /* 2^50 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_50_0,t0,z2_10_0);
+
+  /* 2^51 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,z2_50_0);
+  /* 2^52 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^100 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^100 - 2^0 */ fmul(z2_100_0,t1,z2_50_0);
+
+  /* 2^101 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,z2_100_0);
+  /* 2^102 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^200 - 2^100 */ for (i = 2;i < 100;i += 2) { fsquare(t1,t0); fsquare(t0,t1); }
+  /* 2^200 - 2^0 */ fmul(t1,t0,z2_100_0);
+
+  /* 2^201 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^202 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^250 - 2^50 */ for (i = 2;i < 50;i += 2) { fsquare(t0,t1); fsquare(t1,t0); }
+  /* 2^250 - 2^0 */ fmul(t0,t1,z2_50_0);
+
+  /* 2^251 - 2^1 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^252 - 2^2 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^253 - 2^3 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^254 - 2^4 */ fsquare(t0,t1);
+  /* 2^255 - 2^5 */ fsquare(t1,t0);
+  /* 2^255 - 21 */ fmul(out,t1,z11);
+}
+
+int curve25519_donna(u8 *, const u8 *, const u8 *);
+
+int
+curve25519_donna(u8 *mypublic, const u8 *secret, const u8 *basepoint) {
+  limb bp[10], x[10], z[11], zmone[10];
+  uint8_t e[32];
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) e[i] = secret[i];
+  e[0] &= 248;
+  e[31] &= 127;
+  e[31] |= 64;
+
+  fexpand(bp, basepoint);
+  cmult(x, z, e, bp);
+  crecip(zmone, z);
+  fmul(z, x, zmone);
+  freduce_coefficients(z);
+  fcontract(mypublic, z);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/or/eventdns.c b/src/ext/eventdns.c
index 768693aba6..66280cccdb 100644
--- a/src/or/eventdns.c
+++ b/src/ext/eventdns.c
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define mm_realloc(x,y) tor_realloc((x),(y))
 #define mm_free(x) tor_free(x)
 #define mm_strdup(x) tor_strdup(x)
-#define _mm_free(x) _tor_free(x)
+#define _mm_free(x) tor_free_(x)
 
 #undef MIN
 #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
@@ -368,7 +368,11 @@ error_is_eagain(int err)
 #define CLOSE_SOCKET(x) closesocket(x)
 #else
 #define last_error(sock) (errno)
+#if EAGAIN != EWOULDBLOCK
+#define error_is_eagain(err) ((err) == EAGAIN || (err) == EWOULDBLOCK)
+#else
 #define error_is_eagain(err) ((err) == EAGAIN)
+#endif
 #define CLOSE_SOCKET(x) close(x)
 #endif
 
@@ -423,9 +427,9 @@ evdns_set_log_fn(evdns_debug_log_fn_type fn)
 #define EVDNS_LOG_CHECK
 #endif
 
-static void _evdns_log(int warn, const char *fmt, ...) EVDNS_LOG_CHECK;
+static void evdns_log(int warn, const char *fmt, ...) EVDNS_LOG_CHECK;
 static void
-_evdns_log(int warn, const char *fmt, ...)
+evdns_log(int warn, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
 	static char buf[512];
@@ -442,8 +446,6 @@ _evdns_log(int warn, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(args);
 }
 
-#define log _evdns_log
-
 static int
 sockaddr_eq(const struct sockaddr *sa1, const struct sockaddr *sa2,
 			int include_port)
@@ -530,7 +532,7 @@ nameserver_probe_failed(struct nameserver *const ns) {
 	ns->failed_times++;
 
 	if (add_timeout_event(ns, (struct timeval *) timeout) < 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
 			"Error from libevent when adding timer event for %s",
 			debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
 		/* ???? Do more? */
@@ -546,19 +548,19 @@ nameserver_failed(struct nameserver *const ns, const char *msg) {
 	/* then don't do anything */
 	if (!ns->state) return;
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Nameserver %s has failed: %s",
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Nameserver %s has failed: %s",
 		debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address), msg);
 	global_good_nameservers--;
 	assert(global_good_nameservers >= 0);
 	if (global_good_nameservers == 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "All nameservers have failed");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "All nameservers have failed");
 	}
 
 	ns->state = 0;
 	ns->failed_times = 1;
 
 	if (add_timeout_event(ns, (struct timeval *) &global_nameserver_timeouts[0]) < 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
 			"Error from libevent when adding timer event for %s",
 			debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
 		/* ???? Do more? */
@@ -589,7 +591,7 @@ nameserver_failed(struct nameserver *const ns, const char *msg) {
 static void
 nameserver_up(struct nameserver *const ns) {
 	if (ns->state) return;
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Nameserver %s is back up",
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Nameserver %s is back up",
 		debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
 	del_timeout_event(ns);
 	ns->state = 1;
@@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ request_finished(struct evdns_request *const req, struct evdns_request **head) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Removing timeout for request %lx",
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Removing timeout for request %lx",
 		(unsigned long) req);
 	del_timeout_event(req);
 
@@ -772,7 +774,7 @@ reply_handle(struct evdns_request *const req, u16 flags, u32 ttl, struct reply *
 			 * confusing."  Treat this as a timeout, not a failure.
 			 */
 			/*XXXX refactor the parts of */
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Got a SERVERFAILED from nameserver %s; "
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Got a SERVERFAILED from nameserver %s; "
 				"will allow the request to time out.",
 				debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&req->ns->address));
 			break;
@@ -1264,7 +1266,7 @@ nameserver_read(struct nameserver *ns) {
 		}
 		/* XXX Match port too? */
 		if (!sockaddr_eq(sa, (struct sockaddr*)&ns->address, 0)) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
 				"Address mismatch on received DNS packet.  Address was %s",
 				debug_ntop(sa));
 			return;
@@ -1290,7 +1292,7 @@ server_port_read(struct evdns_server_port *s) {
 		if (r < 0) {
 			int err = last_error(s->socket);
 			if (error_is_eagain(err)) return;
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error %s (%d) while reading request.",
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error %s (%d) while reading request.",
 				tor_socket_strerror(err), err);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -1310,7 +1312,7 @@ server_port_flush(struct evdns_server_port *port)
 			int err = last_error(port->socket);
 			if (error_is_eagain(err))
 				return;
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error %s (%d) while writing response to port; dropping", tor_socket_strerror(err), err);
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error %s (%d) while writing response to port; dropping", tor_socket_strerror(err), err);
 		}
 		if (server_request_free(req)) {
 			/* we released the last reference to req->port. */
@@ -1327,7 +1329,7 @@ server_port_flush(struct evdns_server_port *port)
 	event_set(&port->event, port->socket, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
 			  server_port_ready_callback, port);
 	if (event_add(&port->event, NULL) < 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for DNS server.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for DNS server.");
 		/* ???? Do more? */
 	}
 }
@@ -1345,7 +1347,7 @@ nameserver_write_waiting(struct nameserver *ns, char waiting) {
 	event_set(&ns->event, ns->socket, EV_READ | (waiting ? EV_WRITE : 0) | EV_PERSIST,
 			  nameserver_ready_callback, ns);
 	if (event_add(&ns->event, NULL) < 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for %s",
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for %s",
 			debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
 		/* ???? Do more? */
 	}
@@ -1855,7 +1857,7 @@ evdns_server_request_respond(struct evdns_server_request *_req, int err)
 			event_set(&port->event, port->socket, (port->closing?0:EV_READ) | EV_WRITE | EV_PERSIST, server_port_ready_callback, port);
 
 			if (event_add(&port->event, NULL) < 0) {
-				log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for DNS server");
+				evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error from libevent when adding event for DNS server");
 			}
 
 		}
@@ -1991,7 +1993,7 @@ evdns_request_timeout_callback(int fd, short events, void *arg) {
 	(void) fd;
 	(void) events;
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Request %lx timed out", (unsigned long) arg);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Request %lx timed out", (unsigned long) arg);
 
 	req->ns->timedout++;
 	if (req->ns->timedout > global_max_nameserver_timeout) {
@@ -2070,11 +2072,11 @@ evdns_request_transmit(struct evdns_request *req) {
 		 * and make us retransmit the request anyway. */
 	default:
 		/* transmitted; we need to check for timeout. */
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,
 			"Setting timeout for request %lx", (unsigned long) req);
 
 		if (add_timeout_event(req, &global_timeout) < 0) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,
 				"Error from libevent when adding timer for request %lx",
 				(unsigned long) req);
 			/* ???? Do more? */
@@ -2122,7 +2124,7 @@ nameserver_send_probe(struct nameserver *const ns) {
 	addr = mm_malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
 	memcpy(addr, &ns->address, sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Sending probe to %s", debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Sending probe to %s", debug_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ns->address));
 
 	req = request_new(TYPE_A, "www.google.com", DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, nameserver_probe_callback, addr);
 	if (!req) {
@@ -2278,14 +2280,14 @@ _evdns_nameserver_add_impl(const struct sockaddr *address,
 	if (server) {
 		do {
 			if (sockaddr_eq(address, (struct sockaddr *)&server->address, 1)) {
-				log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Duplicate nameserver.");
+				evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Duplicate nameserver.");
 				return 3;
 			}
 			server = server->next;
 		} while (server != started_at);
 	}
 	if (addrlen > (int)sizeof(ns->address)) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Addrlen %d too long.", (int)addrlen);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Addrlen %d too long.", (int)addrlen);
 		return 2;
 	}
 
@@ -2304,21 +2306,26 @@ _evdns_nameserver_add_impl(const struct sockaddr *address,
 		ioctlsocket(ns->socket, FIONBIO, &nonblocking);
 	}
 #else
-	fcntl(ns->socket, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+	if (fcntl(ns->socket, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) == -1) {
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Error %s (%d) while settings file status flags.",
+				  tor_socket_strerror(errno), errno);
+		err = 2;
+		goto out2;
+	}
 #endif
 
 	if (global_bind_addr_is_set &&
 	    !sockaddr_is_loopback((struct sockaddr*)&global_bind_address)) {
 		if (bind(ns->socket, (struct sockaddr *)&global_bind_address,
 				 global_bind_addrlen) < 0) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't bind to outgoing address.");
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't bind to outgoing address.");
 			err = 2;
 			goto out2;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (connect(ns->socket, address, addrlen) != 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't open socket to nameserver.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't open socket to nameserver.");
 		err = 2;
 		goto out2;
 	}
@@ -2327,12 +2334,12 @@ _evdns_nameserver_add_impl(const struct sockaddr *address,
 	ns->state = 1;
 	event_set(&ns->event, ns->socket, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, nameserver_ready_callback, ns);
 	if (event_add(&ns->event, NULL) < 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't add event for nameserver.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't add event for nameserver.");
 		err = 2;
 		goto out2;
 	}
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Added nameserver %s", debug_ntop(address));
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Added nameserver %s", debug_ntop(address));
 
 	/* insert this nameserver into the list of them */
 	if (!server_head) {
@@ -2356,7 +2363,7 @@ out2:
 out1:
 	CLEAR(ns);
 	mm_free(ns);
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Unable to add nameserver %s: error %d", debug_ntop(address), err);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Unable to add nameserver %s: error %d", debug_ntop(address), err);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2389,18 +2396,18 @@ evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string) {
 	 * ipv4
 	 */
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Trying to add nameserver <%s>", ip_as_string);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Trying to add nameserver <%s>", ip_as_string);
 
 	cp = strchr(ip_as_string, ':');
 	if (*ip_as_string == '[') {
 		size_t len;
 		if (!(cp = strchr(ip_as_string, ']'))) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver missing closing ]");
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver missing closing ]");
 			return 4;
 		}
 		len = cp-(ip_as_string + 1);
 		if (len > sizeof(buf)-1) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "[Nameserver] does not fit in buffer.");
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "[Nameserver] does not fit in buffer.");
 			return 4;
 		}
 		memcpy(buf, ip_as_string+1, len);
@@ -2418,7 +2425,7 @@ evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string) {
 	} else if (cp) {
 		is_ipv6 = 0;
 		if (cp - ip_as_string > (int)sizeof(buf)-1) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver does not fit in buffer.");
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver does not fit in buffer.");
 			return 4;
 		}
 		memcpy(buf, ip_as_string, cp-ip_as_string);
@@ -2436,7 +2443,7 @@ evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string) {
 	} else {
 		port = strtoint(port_part);
 		if (port <= 0 || port > 65535) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver port <%s> out of range",
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Nameserver port <%s> out of range",
 				port_part);
 			return 4;
 		}
@@ -2453,7 +2460,7 @@ evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string) {
 		sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
 		sin6.sin6_port = htons(port);
 		if (1 != tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, addr_part, &sin6.sin6_addr)) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "inet_pton(%s) failed", addr_part);
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "inet_pton(%s) failed", addr_part);
 			return 4;
 		}
 		return _evdns_nameserver_add_impl((struct sockaddr*)&sin6,
@@ -2467,7 +2474,7 @@ evdns_nameserver_ip_add(const char *ip_as_string) {
 		sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
 		sin.sin_port = htons(port);
 		if (!inet_aton(addr_part, &sin.sin_addr)) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "inet_pton(%s) failed", addr_part);
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "inet_pton(%s) failed", addr_part);
 			return 4;
 		}
 		return _evdns_nameserver_add_impl((struct sockaddr*)&sin,
@@ -2590,7 +2597,7 @@ request_submit(struct evdns_request *const req) {
 /* exported function */
 int evdns_resolve_ipv4(const char *name, int flags,
 					   evdns_callback_type callback, void *ptr) {
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s", name);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s", name);
 	if (flags & DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH) {
 		struct evdns_request *const req =
 			request_new(TYPE_A, name, flags, callback, ptr);
@@ -2606,7 +2613,7 @@ int evdns_resolve_ipv4(const char *name, int flags,
 /* exported function */
 int evdns_resolve_ipv6(const char *name, int flags,
 					   evdns_callback_type callback, void *ptr) {
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s", name);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s", name);
 	if (flags & DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH) {
 		struct evdns_request *const req =
 			request_new(TYPE_AAAA, name, flags, callback, ptr);
@@ -2630,7 +2637,7 @@ int evdns_resolve_reverse(const struct in_addr *in, int flags, evdns_callback_ty
 			(int)(u8)((a>>8 )&0xff),
 			(int)(u8)((a>>16)&0xff),
 			(int)(u8)((a>>24)&0xff));
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s (reverse)", buf);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s (reverse)", buf);
 	req = request_new(TYPE_PTR, buf, flags, callback, ptr);
 	if (!req) return 1;
 	request_submit(req);
@@ -2654,7 +2661,7 @@ int evdns_resolve_reverse_ipv6(const struct in6_addr *in, int flags, evdns_callb
 	}
 	assert(cp + strlen("ip6.arpa") < buf+sizeof(buf));
 	memcpy(cp, "ip6.arpa", strlen("ip6.arpa")+1);
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s (reverse)", buf);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Resolve requested for %s (reverse)", buf);
 	req = request_new(TYPE_PTR, buf, flags, callback, ptr);
 	if (!req) return 1;
 	request_submit(req);
@@ -2870,7 +2877,7 @@ search_try_next(struct evdns_request *const req) {
 			if (string_num_dots(req->search_origname) < req->search_state->ndots) {
 				/* yep, we need to try it raw */
 				struct evdns_request *const newreq = request_new(req->request_type, req->search_origname, req->search_flags, req->user_callback, req->user_pointer);
-				log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Search: trying raw query %s", req->search_origname);
+				evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Search: trying raw query %s", req->search_origname);
 				if (newreq) {
 					request_submit(newreq);
 					return 0;
@@ -2881,7 +2888,7 @@ search_try_next(struct evdns_request *const req) {
 
 		new_name = search_make_new(req->search_state, req->search_index, req->search_origname);
 				if (!new_name) return 1;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Search: now trying %s (%d)", new_name, req->search_index);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Search: now trying %s (%d)", new_name, req->search_index);
 		newreq = request_new(req->request_type, new_name, req->search_flags, req->user_callback, req->user_pointer);
 		mm_free(new_name);
 		if (!newreq) return 1;
@@ -2951,7 +2958,7 @@ evdns_set_option(const char *option, const char *val, int flags)
 		const int ndots = strtoint(val);
 		if (ndots == -1) return -1;
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_SEARCH)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting ndots to %d", ndots);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting ndots to %d", ndots);
 		if (!global_search_state) global_search_state = search_state_new();
 		if (!global_search_state) return -1;
 		global_search_state->ndots = ndots;
@@ -2959,20 +2966,20 @@ evdns_set_option(const char *option, const char *val, int flags)
 		const int timeout = strtoint(val);
 		if (timeout == -1) return -1;
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_MISC)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting timeout to %d", timeout);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting timeout to %d", timeout);
 		global_timeout.tv_sec = timeout;
 	} else if (!strncmp(option, "max-timeouts:", 12)) {
 		const int maxtimeout = strtoint_clipped(val, 1, 255);
 		if (maxtimeout == -1) return -1;
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_MISC)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting maximum allowed timeouts to %d",
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting maximum allowed timeouts to %d",
 			maxtimeout);
 		global_max_nameserver_timeout = maxtimeout;
 	} else if (!strncmp(option, "max-inflight:", 13)) {
 		const int maxinflight = strtoint_clipped(val, 1, 65000);
 		if (maxinflight == -1) return -1;
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_MISC)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting maximum inflight requests to %d",
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting maximum inflight requests to %d",
 			maxinflight);
 		global_max_requests_inflight = maxinflight;
 	} else if (!strncmp(option, "attempts:", 9)) {
@@ -2980,12 +2987,12 @@ evdns_set_option(const char *option, const char *val, int flags)
 		if (retries == -1) return -1;
 		if (retries > 255) retries = 255;
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_MISC)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting retries to %d", retries);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting retries to %d", retries);
 		global_max_retransmits = retries;
 	} else if (!strncmp(option, "randomize-case:", 15)) {
 		int randcase = strtoint(val);
 		if (!(flags & DNS_OPTION_MISC)) return 0;
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting randomize_case to %d", randcase);
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting randomize_case to %d", randcase);
 		global_randomize_case = randcase;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -3043,7 +3050,7 @@ evdns_resolv_conf_parse(int flags, const char *const filename) {
 	char *start;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Parsing resolv.conf file %s", filename);
+	evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Parsing resolv.conf file %s", filename);
 
 	fd = tor_open_cloexec(filename, O_RDONLY, 0);
 	if (fd < 0) {
@@ -3142,13 +3149,13 @@ load_nameservers_with_getnetworkparams(void)
 	GetNetworkParams_fn_t fn;
 
 	if (!(handle = load_windows_system_library(TEXT("iphlpapi.dll")))) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Could not open iphlpapi.dll");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Could not open iphlpapi.dll");
 		/* right now status = 0, doesn't that mean "good" - mikec */
 		status = -1;
 		goto done;
 	}
 	if (!(fn = (GetNetworkParams_fn_t) GetProcAddress(handle, TEXT("GetNetworkParams")))) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Could not get address of function.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN, "Could not get address of function.");
 		/* same as above */
 		status = -1;
 		goto done;
@@ -3169,7 +3176,7 @@ load_nameservers_with_getnetworkparams(void)
 		fixed = buf;
 		r = fn(fixed, &size);
 		if (r != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "fn() failed.");
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "fn() failed.");
 			status = -1;
 			goto done;
 		}
@@ -3181,12 +3188,12 @@ load_nameservers_with_getnetworkparams(void)
 	while (ns) {
 		r = evdns_nameserver_ip_add_line(ns->IpAddress.String);
 		if (r) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Could not add nameserver %s to list, "
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Could not add nameserver %s to list, "
 				"error: %d; status: %d",
 				(ns->IpAddress.String),(int)GetLastError(), r);
 			status = r;
 		} else {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Successfully added %s as nameserver",ns->IpAddress.String);
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Successfully added %s as nameserver",ns->IpAddress.String);
 			added_any++;
 		}
 
@@ -3194,7 +3201,7 @@ load_nameservers_with_getnetworkparams(void)
 	}
 
 	if (!added_any) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "No nameservers added.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "No nameservers added.");
 		if (status == 0)
 			status = -1;
 	} else {
@@ -3250,10 +3257,10 @@ load_nameservers_from_registry(void)
 
 #define TRY(k, name)													\
 	if (!found && config_nameserver_from_reg_key(k,TEXT(name)) == 0) {	\
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Found nameservers in %s/%s",#k,name);		\
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Found nameservers in %s/%s",#k,name);		\
 		found = 1;														\
 	} else if (!found) {												\
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Didn't find nameservers in %s/%s",			\
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Didn't find nameservers in %s/%s",			\
 			#k,#name);													\
 	}
 
@@ -3262,14 +3269,14 @@ load_nameservers_from_registry(void)
 
 		if (RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, WIN_NS_NT_KEY, 0,
 						 KEY_READ, &nt_key) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Couldn't open nt key, %d",(int)GetLastError());
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Couldn't open nt key, %d",(int)GetLastError());
 			return -1;
 		}
 		r = RegOpenKeyEx(nt_key, TEXT("Interfaces"), 0,
 						 KEY_QUERY_VALUE|KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS,
 						 &interfaces_key);
 		if (r != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Couldn't open interfaces key, %d",(int)GetLastError());
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG,"Couldn't open interfaces key, %d",(int)GetLastError());
 			return -1;
 		}
 		TRY(nt_key, "NameServer");
@@ -3282,7 +3289,7 @@ load_nameservers_from_registry(void)
 		HKEY win_key = 0;
 		if (RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, WIN_NS_9X_KEY, 0,
 						 KEY_READ, &win_key) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-			log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't open registry key, %d", (int)GetLastError());
+			evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_DEBUG, "Couldn't open registry key, %d", (int)GetLastError());
 			return -1;
 		}
 		TRY(win_key, "NameServer");
@@ -3290,7 +3297,7 @@ load_nameservers_from_registry(void)
 	}
 
 	if (found == 0) {
-		log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,"Didn't find any nameservers.");
+		evdns_log(EVDNS_LOG_WARN,"Didn't find any nameservers.");
 	}
 
 	return found ? 0 : -1;
diff --git a/src/or/eventdns.h b/src/ext/eventdns.h
index 1c130b2a12..ad8c100dd6 100644
--- a/src/or/eventdns.h
+++ b/src/ext/eventdns.h
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@
  * with the next probe.
  */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_EVENTDNS_H
-#define _TOR_EVENTDNS_H
+#ifndef TOR_EVENTDNS_H
+#define TOR_EVENTDNS_H
 
 /* Error codes 0-5 are as described in RFC 1035. */
 #define DNS_ERR_NONE 0
diff --git a/src/common/ht.h b/src/ext/ht.h
index 25156c4165..62c458ad0e 100644
--- a/src/common/ht.h
+++ b/src/ext/ht.h
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2002, Christopher Clark.
  * Copyright (c) 2005-2006, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See license at end. */
 
 /* Based on ideas by Christopher Clark and interfaces from Niels Provos. */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_HT_H
-#define _TOR_HT_H
+#ifndef HT_H_INCLUDED_
+#define HT_H_INCLUDED_
 
 #define HT_HEAD(name, type)                                             \
   struct name {                                                         \
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
   }                                                                     \
   /* Insert the element 'elm' into the table 'head'.  Do not call this  \
    * function if the table might already contain a matching element. */ \
-  static INLINE void                                                    \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE void                                        \
   name##_HT_INSERT(struct name *head, struct type *elm)                 \
   {                                                                     \
     struct type **p;                                                    \
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
   /* Insert the element 'elm' into the table 'head'. If there already   \
    * a matching element in the table, replace that element and return   \
    * it. */                                                             \
-  static INLINE struct type *                                           \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE struct type *                               \
   name##_HT_REPLACE(struct name *head, struct type *elm)                \
   {                                                                     \
     struct type **p, *r;                                                \
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
   }                                                                     \
   /* Remove any element matching 'elm' from the table 'head'.  If such  \
    * an element is found, return it; otherwise return NULL. */          \
-  static INLINE struct type *                                           \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE struct type *                               \
   name##_HT_REMOVE(struct name *head, struct type *elm)                 \
   {                                                                     \
     struct type **p, *r;                                                \
@@ -222,11 +222,11 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
    * using 'data' as its second argument.  If the function returns      \
    * nonzero, remove the most recently examined element before invoking \
    * the function again. */                                             \
-  static INLINE void                                                    \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE void                                        \
   name##_HT_FOREACH_FN(struct name *head,                               \
                        int (*fn)(struct type *, void *),                \
                        void *data)                                      \
-  {                                                                     \
+{                                                                       \
     unsigned idx;                                                       \
     struct type **p, **nextp, *next;                                    \
     if (!head->hth_table)                                               \
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
   /* Return a pointer to the first element in the table 'head', under   \
    * an arbitrary order.  This order is stable under remove operations, \
    * but not under others. If the table is empty, return NULL. */       \
-  static INLINE struct type **                                          \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE struct type **                              \
   name##_HT_START(struct name *head)                                    \
   {                                                                     \
     unsigned b = 0;                                                     \
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
    * NULL.  If 'elm' is to be removed from the table, you must call     \
    * this function for the next value before you remove it.             \
    */                                                                   \
-  static INLINE struct type **                                          \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE struct type **                              \
   name##_HT_NEXT(struct name *head, struct type **elm)                  \
   {                                                                     \
     if ((*elm)->field.hte_next) {                                       \
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ ht_string_hash(const char *s)
       return NULL;                                                      \
     }                                                                   \
   }                                                                     \
-  static INLINE struct type **                                          \
+  ATTR_UNUSED static INLINE struct type **                              \
   name##_HT_NEXT_RMV(struct name *head, struct type **elm)              \
   {                                                                     \
     unsigned h = HT_ELT_HASH_(*elm, field, hashfn);                     \
diff --git a/src/ext/include.am b/src/ext/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea7e58e79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -I$(srcdir)/src/ext -Isrc/ext
+
+EXTRA_DIST += src/ext/README
+
+EXTHEADERS = \
+  src/ext/ht.h		\
+  src/ext/eventdns.h	\
+  src/ext/tinytest.h	\
+  src/ext/strlcat.c	\
+  src/ext/strlcpy.c	\
+  src/ext/tinytest_macros.h \
+  src/ext/tor_queue.h
+
+noinst_HEADERS+= $(EXTHEADERS)
+
+
diff --git a/src/common/strlcat.c b/src/ext/strlcat.c
index 316733bccc..316733bccc 100644
--- a/src/common/strlcat.c
+++ b/src/ext/strlcat.c
diff --git a/src/common/strlcpy.c b/src/ext/strlcpy.c
index 9fc47903a1..9fc47903a1 100644
--- a/src/common/strlcpy.c
+++ b/src/ext/strlcpy.c
diff --git a/src/test/tinytest.c b/src/ext/tinytest.c
index 4d9afacce4..4d9afacce4 100644
--- a/src/test/tinytest.c
+++ b/src/ext/tinytest.c
diff --git a/src/test/tinytest.h b/src/ext/tinytest.h
index bcac9f079c..bcac9f079c 100644
--- a/src/test/tinytest.h
+++ b/src/ext/tinytest.h
diff --git a/src/test/tinytest_demo.c b/src/ext/tinytest_demo.c
index be95ce4c1d..be95ce4c1d 100644
--- a/src/test/tinytest_demo.c
+++ b/src/ext/tinytest_demo.c
diff --git a/src/test/tinytest_macros.h b/src/ext/tinytest_macros.h
index 9ff69b1d50..9ff69b1d50 100644
--- a/src/test/tinytest_macros.h
+++ b/src/ext/tinytest_macros.h
diff --git a/src/ext/tor_queue.h b/src/ext/tor_queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f05e48c18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/tor_queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+/*	$OpenBSD: queue.h,v 1.36 2012/04/11 13:29:14 naddy Exp $	*/
+/*	$NetBSD: queue.h,v 1.11 1996/05/16 05:17:14 mycroft Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)queue.h	8.5 (Berkeley) 8/20/94
+ */
+
+#ifndef	TOR_QUEUE_H_
+#define	TOR_QUEUE_H_
+
+/*
+ * This file defines five types of data structures: singly-linked lists, 
+ * lists, simple queues, tail queues, and circular queues.
+ *
+ *
+ * A singly-linked list is headed by a single forward pointer. The elements
+ * are singly linked for minimum space and pointer manipulation overhead at
+ * the expense of O(n) removal for arbitrary elements. New elements can be
+ * added to the list after an existing element or at the head of the list.
+ * Elements being removed from the head of the list should use the explicit
+ * macro for this purpose for optimum efficiency. A singly-linked list may
+ * only be traversed in the forward direction.  Singly-linked lists are ideal
+ * for applications with large datasets and few or no removals or for
+ * implementing a LIFO queue.
+ *
+ * A list is headed by a single forward pointer (or an array of forward
+ * pointers for a hash table header). The elements are doubly linked
+ * so that an arbitrary element can be removed without a need to
+ * traverse the list. New elements can be added to the list before
+ * or after an existing element or at the head of the list. A list
+ * may only be traversed in the forward direction.
+ *
+ * A simple queue is headed by a pair of pointers, one the head of the
+ * list and the other to the tail of the list. The elements are singly
+ * linked to save space, so elements can only be removed from the
+ * head of the list. New elements can be added to the list before or after
+ * an existing element, at the head of the list, or at the end of the
+ * list. A simple queue may only be traversed in the forward direction.
+ *
+ * A tail queue is headed by a pair of pointers, one to the head of the
+ * list and the other to the tail of the list. The elements are doubly
+ * linked so that an arbitrary element can be removed without a need to
+ * traverse the list. New elements can be added to the list before or
+ * after an existing element, at the head of the list, or at the end of
+ * the list. A tail queue may be traversed in either direction.
+ *
+ * A circle queue is headed by a pair of pointers, one to the head of the
+ * list and the other to the tail of the list. The elements are doubly
+ * linked so that an arbitrary element can be removed without a need to
+ * traverse the list. New elements can be added to the list before or after
+ * an existing element, at the head of the list, or at the end of the list.
+ * A circle queue may be traversed in either direction, but has a more
+ * complex end of list detection.
+ *
+ * For details on the use of these macros, see the queue(3) manual page.
+ */
+
+#if defined(QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG) || (defined(_KERNEL) && defined(DIAGNOSTIC))
+#define TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_(a) (a) = ((void *)-1)
+#else
+#define TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_(a)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Singly-linked List definitions.
+ */
+#define TOR_SLIST_HEAD(name, type)						\
+struct name {								\
+	struct type *slh_first;	/* first element */			\
+}
+ 
+#define	TOR_SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
+	{ NULL }
+ 
+#define TOR_SLIST_ENTRY(type)						\
+struct {								\
+	struct type *sle_next;	/* next element */			\
+}
+ 
+/*
+ * Singly-linked List access methods.
+ */
+#define	TOR_SLIST_FIRST(head)	((head)->slh_first)
+#define	TOR_SLIST_END(head)		NULL
+#define	TOR_SLIST_EMPTY(head)	(SLIST_FIRST(head) == TOR_SLIST_END(head))
+#define	TOR_SLIST_NEXT(elm, field)	((elm)->field.sle_next)
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
+	for((var) = TOR_SLIST_FIRST(head);					\
+	    (var) != TOR_SLIST_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_SLIST_NEXT(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(var, head, field, tvar)			\
+	for ((var) = TOR_SLIST_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) && ((tvar) = TOR_SLIST_NEXT(var, field), 1);		\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+/*
+ * Singly-linked List functions.
+ */
+#define	TOR_SLIST_INIT(head) {						\
+	TOR_SLIST_FIRST(head) = TOR_SLIST_END(head);				\
+}
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(slistelm, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.sle_next = (slistelm)->field.sle_next;		\
+	(slistelm)->field.sle_next = (elm);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.sle_next = (head)->slh_first;			\
+	(head)->slh_first = (elm);					\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_REMOVE_AFTER(elm, field) do {				\
+	(elm)->field.sle_next = (elm)->field.sle_next->field.sle_next;	\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(head, field) do {				\
+	(head)->slh_first = (head)->slh_first->field.sle_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SLIST_REMOVE(head, elm, type, field) do {			\
+	if ((head)->slh_first == (elm)) {				\
+		TOR_SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD((head), field);			\
+	} else {							\
+		struct type *curelm = (head)->slh_first;		\
+									\
+		while (curelm->field.sle_next != (elm))			\
+			curelm = curelm->field.sle_next;		\
+		curelm->field.sle_next =				\
+		    curelm->field.sle_next->field.sle_next;		\
+		TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.sle_next);			\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * List definitions.
+ */
+#define TOR_LIST_HEAD(name, type)						\
+struct name {								\
+	struct type *lh_first;	/* first element */			\
+}
+
+#define TOR_LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
+	{ NULL }
+
+#define TOR_LIST_ENTRY(type)						\
+struct {								\
+	struct type *le_next;	/* next element */			\
+	struct type **le_prev;	/* address of previous next element */	\
+}
+
+/*
+ * List access methods
+ */
+#define	TOR_LIST_FIRST(head)		((head)->lh_first)
+#define	TOR_LIST_END(head)			NULL
+#define	TOR_LIST_EMPTY(head)		(TOR_LIST_FIRST(head) == TOR_LIST_END(head))
+#define	TOR_LIST_NEXT(elm, field)		((elm)->field.le_next)
+
+#define TOR_LIST_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
+	for((var) = TOR_LIST_FIRST(head);					\
+	    (var)!= TOR_LIST_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_LIST_NEXT(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(var, head, field, tvar)			\
+	for ((var) = TOR_LIST_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) && ((tvar) = TOR_LIST_NEXT(var, field), 1);		\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+/*
+ * List functions.
+ */
+#define	TOR_LIST_INIT(head) do {						\
+	TOR_LIST_FIRST(head) = TOR_LIST_END(head);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_LIST_INSERT_AFTER(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm)->field.le_next = (listelm)->field.le_next) != NULL)	\
+		(listelm)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =		\
+		    &(elm)->field.le_next;				\
+	(listelm)->field.le_next = (elm);				\
+	(elm)->field.le_prev = &(listelm)->field.le_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.le_prev = (listelm)->field.le_prev;		\
+	(elm)->field.le_next = (listelm);				\
+	*(listelm)->field.le_prev = (elm);				\
+	(listelm)->field.le_prev = &(elm)->field.le_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {				\
+	if (((elm)->field.le_next = (head)->lh_first) != NULL)		\
+		(head)->lh_first->field.le_prev = &(elm)->field.le_next;\
+	(head)->lh_first = (elm);					\
+	(elm)->field.le_prev = &(head)->lh_first;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_LIST_REMOVE(elm, field) do {					\
+	if ((elm)->field.le_next != NULL)				\
+		(elm)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =			\
+		    (elm)->field.le_prev;				\
+	*(elm)->field.le_prev = (elm)->field.le_next;			\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.le_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.le_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_LIST_REPLACE(elm, elm2, field) do {				\
+	if (((elm2)->field.le_next = (elm)->field.le_next) != NULL)	\
+		(elm2)->field.le_next->field.le_prev =			\
+		    &(elm2)->field.le_next;				\
+	(elm2)->field.le_prev = (elm)->field.le_prev;			\
+	*(elm2)->field.le_prev = (elm2);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.le_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.le_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Simple queue definitions.
+ */
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_HEAD(name, type)					\
+struct name {								\
+	struct type *sqh_first;	/* first element */			\
+	struct type **sqh_last;	/* addr of last next element */		\
+}
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
+	{ NULL, &(head).sqh_first }
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(type)						\
+struct {								\
+	struct type *sqe_next;	/* next element */			\
+}
+
+/*
+ * Simple queue access methods.
+ */
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head)	    ((head)->sqh_first)
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_END(head)	    NULL
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(head)	    (TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head) == TOR_SIMPLEQ_END(head))
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_NEXT(elm, field)    ((elm)->field.sqe_next)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)				\
+	for((var) = TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) != TOR_SIMPLEQ_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_SIMPLEQ_NEXT(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(var, head, field, tvar)			\
+	for ((var) = TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) && ((tvar) = TOR_SIMPLEQ_NEXT(var, field), 1);		\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+/*
+ * Simple queue functions.
+ */
+#define	TOR_SIMPLEQ_INIT(head) do {						\
+	(head)->sqh_first = NULL;					\
+	(head)->sqh_last = &(head)->sqh_first;				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm)->field.sqe_next = (head)->sqh_first) == NULL)	\
+		(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;		\
+	(head)->sqh_first = (elm);					\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.sqe_next = NULL;					\
+	*(head)->sqh_last = (elm);					\
+	(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
+	if (((elm)->field.sqe_next = (listelm)->field.sqe_next) == NULL)\
+		(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;		\
+	(listelm)->field.sqe_next = (elm);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(head, field) do {			\
+	if (((head)->sqh_first = (head)->sqh_first->field.sqe_next) == NULL) \
+		(head)->sqh_last = &(head)->sqh_first;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_AFTER(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm)->field.sqe_next = (elm)->field.sqe_next->field.sqe_next) \
+	    == NULL)							\
+		(head)->sqh_last = &(elm)->field.sqe_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Tail queue definitions.
+ */
+#define TOR_TAILQ_HEAD(name, type)						\
+struct name {								\
+	struct type *tqh_first;	/* first element */			\
+	struct type **tqh_last;	/* addr of last next element */		\
+}
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
+	{ NULL, &(head).tqh_first }
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_ENTRY(type)						\
+struct {								\
+	struct type *tqe_next;	/* next element */			\
+	struct type **tqe_prev;	/* address of previous next element */	\
+}
+
+/* 
+ * tail queue access methods 
+ */
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(head)		((head)->tqh_first)
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_END(head)			NULL
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_NEXT(elm, field)		((elm)->field.tqe_next)
+#define TOR_TAILQ_LAST(head, headname)					\
+	(*(((struct headname *)((head)->tqh_last))->tqh_last))
+/* XXX */
+#define TOR_TAILQ_PREV(elm, headname, field)				\
+	(*(((struct headname *)((elm)->field.tqe_prev))->tqh_last))
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_EMPTY(head)						\
+	(TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(head) == TOR_TAILQ_END(head))
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)					\
+	for((var) = TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(head);					\
+	    (var) != TOR_TAILQ_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_TAILQ_NEXT(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(var, head, field, tvar)			\
+	for ((var) = TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(head);					\
+	    (var) != TOR_TAILQ_END(head) &&					\
+	    ((tvar) = TOR_TAILQ_NEXT(var, field), 1);			\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(var, head, headname, field)		\
+	for((var) = TOR_TAILQ_LAST(head, headname);				\
+	    (var) != TOR_TAILQ_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_TAILQ_PREV(var, headname, field))
+
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(var, head, headname, field, tvar)	\
+	for ((var) = TOR_TAILQ_LAST(head, headname);			\
+	    (var) != TOR_TAILQ_END(head) &&					\
+	    ((tvar) = TOR_TAILQ_PREV(var, headname, field), 1);		\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+/*
+ * Tail queue functions.
+ */
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_INIT(head) do {						\
+	(head)->tqh_first = NULL;					\
+	(head)->tqh_last = &(head)->tqh_first;				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next = (head)->tqh_first) != NULL)	\
+		(head)->tqh_first->field.tqe_prev =			\
+		    &(elm)->field.tqe_next;				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
+	(head)->tqh_first = (elm);					\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = &(head)->tqh_first;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_next = NULL;					\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (head)->tqh_last;			\
+	*(head)->tqh_last = (elm);					\
+	(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
+	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next = (listelm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)\
+		(elm)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =			\
+		    &(elm)->field.tqe_next;				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
+	(listelm)->field.tqe_next = (elm);				\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = &(listelm)->field.tqe_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(listelm, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (listelm)->field.tqe_prev;		\
+	(elm)->field.tqe_next = (listelm);				\
+	*(listelm)->field.tqe_prev = (elm);				\
+	(listelm)->field.tqe_prev = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_REMOVE(head, elm, field) do {				\
+	if (((elm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)				\
+		(elm)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =			\
+		    (elm)->field.tqe_prev;				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->tqh_last = (elm)->field.tqe_prev;		\
+	*(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (elm)->field.tqe_next;			\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.tqe_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.tqe_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_TAILQ_REPLACE(head, elm, elm2, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm2)->field.tqe_next = (elm)->field.tqe_next) != NULL)	\
+		(elm2)->field.tqe_next->field.tqe_prev =		\
+		    &(elm2)->field.tqe_next;				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->tqh_last = &(elm2)->field.tqe_next;		\
+	(elm2)->field.tqe_prev = (elm)->field.tqe_prev;			\
+	*(elm2)->field.tqe_prev = (elm2);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.tqe_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.tqe_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Circular queue definitions.
+ */
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_HEAD(name, type)					\
+struct name {								\
+	struct type *cqh_first;		/* first element */		\
+	struct type *cqh_last;		/* last element */		\
+}
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head)					\
+	{ TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(&head), TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(&head) }
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(type)						\
+struct {								\
+	struct type *cqe_next;		/* next element */		\
+	struct type *cqe_prev;		/* previous element */		\
+}
+
+/*
+ * Circular queue access methods 
+ */
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head)		((head)->cqh_first)
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_LAST(head)		((head)->cqh_last)
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head)		((void *)(head))
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_NEXT(elm, field)	((elm)->field.cqe_next)
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_PREV(elm, field)	((elm)->field.cqe_prev)
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_EMPTY(head)						\
+	(TOR_CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head) == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(var, head, field)				\
+	for((var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) != TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_NEXT(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(var, head, field, tvar)			\
+	for ((var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_FIRST(head);				\
+	    (var) != TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head) &&				\
+	    ((tvar) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_NEXT(var, field), 1);			\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(var, head, field)			\
+	for((var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_LAST(head);					\
+	    (var) != TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);					\
+	    (var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_PREV(var, field))
+
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(var, head, headname, field, tvar)	\
+	for ((var) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_LAST(head, headname);			\
+	    (var) != TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head) && 				\
+	    ((tvar) = TOR_CIRCLEQ_PREV(var, headname, field), 1);		\
+	    (var) = (tvar))
+
+/*
+ * Circular queue functions.
+ */
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_INIT(head) do {						\
+	(head)->cqh_first = TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);				\
+	(head)->cqh_last = TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (listelm)->field.cqe_next;		\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (listelm);				\
+	if ((listelm)->field.cqe_next == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))		\
+		(head)->cqh_last = (elm);				\
+	else								\
+		(listelm)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev = (elm);	\
+	(listelm)->field.cqe_next = (elm);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(head, listelm, elm, field) do {		\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (listelm);				\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (listelm)->field.cqe_prev;		\
+	if ((listelm)->field.cqe_prev == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))		\
+		(head)->cqh_first = (elm);				\
+	else								\
+		(listelm)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next = (elm);	\
+	(listelm)->field.cqe_prev = (elm);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_next = (head)->cqh_first;			\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);			\
+	if ((head)->cqh_last == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
+		(head)->cqh_last = (elm);				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->cqh_first->field.cqe_prev = (elm);		\
+	(head)->cqh_first = (elm);					\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_next = TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head);			\
+	(elm)->field.cqe_prev = (head)->cqh_last;			\
+	if ((head)->cqh_first == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
+		(head)->cqh_first = (elm);				\
+	else								\
+		(head)->cqh_last->field.cqe_next = (elm);		\
+	(head)->cqh_last = (elm);					\
+} while (0)
+
+#define	TOR_CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(head, elm, field) do {				\
+	if ((elm)->field.cqe_next == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
+		(head)->cqh_last = (elm)->field.cqe_prev;		\
+	else								\
+		(elm)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev =			\
+		    (elm)->field.cqe_prev;				\
+	if ((elm)->field.cqe_prev == TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))			\
+		(head)->cqh_first = (elm)->field.cqe_next;		\
+	else								\
+		(elm)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next =			\
+		    (elm)->field.cqe_next;				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.cqe_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.cqe_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#define TOR_CIRCLEQ_REPLACE(head, elm, elm2, field) do {			\
+	if (((elm2)->field.cqe_next = (elm)->field.cqe_next) ==		\
+	    TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))						\
+		(head).cqh_last = (elm2);				\
+	else								\
+		(elm2)->field.cqe_next->field.cqe_prev = (elm2);	\
+	if (((elm2)->field.cqe_prev = (elm)->field.cqe_prev) ==		\
+	    TOR_CIRCLEQ_END(head))						\
+		(head).cqh_first = (elm2);				\
+	else								\
+		(elm2)->field.cqe_prev->field.cqe_next = (elm2);	\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.cqe_prev);				\
+	TOR_Q_INVALIDATE_((elm)->field.cqe_next);				\
+} while (0)
+
+#endif	/* !_SYS_QUEUE_H_ */
diff --git a/src/ext/tor_queue.txt b/src/ext/tor_queue.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f284e7192f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ext/tor_queue.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+Below follows the manpage for tor_queue.h, as included with OpenBSD's
+sys/queue.h.  License follows at the end of the file.
+
+======================================================================
+QUEUE(3)                  OpenBSD Programmer's Manual                 QUEUE(3)
+
+NAME
+     SLIST_ENTRY, SLIST_HEAD, SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER, SLIST_FIRST, SLIST_NEXT,
+     SLIST_END, SLIST_EMPTY, SLIST_FOREACH, SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE, SLIST_INIT,
+     SLIST_INSERT_AFTER, SLIST_INSERT_HEAD, SLIST_REMOVE_AFTER,
+     SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD, SLIST_REMOVE, LIST_ENTRY, LIST_HEAD,
+     LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER, LIST_FIRST, LIST_NEXT, LIST_END, LIST_EMPTY,
+     LIST_FOREACH, LIST_FOREACH_SAFE, LIST_INIT, LIST_INSERT_AFTER,
+     LIST_INSERT_BEFORE, LIST_INSERT_HEAD, LIST_REMOVE, LIST_REPLACE,
+     SIMPLEQ_ENTRY, SIMPLEQ_HEAD, SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER, SIMPLEQ_FIRST,
+     SIMPLEQ_NEXT, SIMPLEQ_END, SIMPLEQ_EMPTY, SIMPLEQ_FOREACH,
+     SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE, SIMPLEQ_INIT, SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER,
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD, SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL, SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_AFTER,
+     SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD, TAILQ_ENTRY, TAILQ_HEAD, TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER,
+     TAILQ_FIRST, TAILQ_NEXT, TAILQ_END, TAILQ_LAST, TAILQ_PREV, TAILQ_EMPTY,
+     TAILQ_FOREACH, TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE, TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE,
+     TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE, TAILQ_INIT, TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER,
+     TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE, TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD, TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL, TAILQ_REMOVE,
+     TAILQ_REPLACE, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY, CIRCLEQ_HEAD, CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER,
+     CIRCLEQ_FIRST, CIRCLEQ_LAST, CIRCLEQ_END, CIRCLEQ_NEXT, CIRCLEQ_PREV,
+     CIRCLEQ_EMPTY, CIRCLEQ_FOREACH, CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE,
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE, CIRCLEQ_INIT, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER,
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL,
+     CIRCLEQ_REMOVE, CIRCLEQ_REPLACE - implementations of singly-linked lists,
+     doubly-linked lists, simple queues, tail queues, and circular queues
+
+SYNOPSIS
+     #include <sys/queue.h>
+
+     SLIST_ENTRY(TYPE);
+
+     SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
+
+     SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(SLIST_HEAD head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SLIST_FIRST(SLIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SLIST_NEXT(struct TYPE *listelm, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SLIST_END(SLIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     int
+     SLIST_EMPTY(SLIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     SLIST_FOREACH(VARNAME, SLIST_HEAD *head, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(VARNAME, SLIST_HEAD *head, SLIST_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_INIT(SLIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(struct TYPE *listelm, struct TYPE *elm, SLIST_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(SLIST_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_REMOVE_AFTER(struct TYPE *elm, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(SLIST_HEAD *head, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     SLIST_REMOVE(SLIST_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, TYPE, SLIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     LIST_ENTRY(TYPE);
+
+     LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
+
+     LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(LIST_HEAD head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     LIST_FIRST(LIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     LIST_NEXT(struct TYPE *listelm, LIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     LIST_END(LIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     int
+     LIST_EMPTY(LIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     LIST_FOREACH(VARNAME, LIST_HEAD *head, LIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(VARNAME, LIST_HEAD *head, LIST_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     void
+     LIST_INIT(LIST_HEAD *head);
+
+     void
+     LIST_INSERT_AFTER(struct TYPE *listelm, struct TYPE *elm, LIST_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(struct TYPE *listelm, struct TYPE *elm, LIST_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     LIST_INSERT_HEAD(LIST_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, LIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     LIST_REMOVE(struct TYPE *elm, LIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     LIST_REPLACE(struct TYPE *elm, struct TYPE *elm2, LIST_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(TYPE);
+
+     SIMPLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
+
+     SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(SIMPLEQ_HEAD head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SIMPLEQ_FIRST(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SIMPLEQ_NEXT(struct TYPE *listelm, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     SIMPLEQ_END(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     int
+     SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(VARNAME, SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(VARNAME, SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_INIT(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *listelm, struct
+     TYPE *elm, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_AFTER(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(SIMPLEQ_HEAD *head, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     TAILQ_ENTRY(TYPE);
+
+     TAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
+
+     TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(TAILQ_HEAD head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     TAILQ_FIRST(TAILQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     TAILQ_NEXT(struct TYPE *listelm, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     TAILQ_END(TAILQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     TAILQ_LAST(TAILQ_HEAD *head, HEADNAME NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     TAILQ_PREV(struct TYPE *listelm, HEADNAME NAME, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     int
+     TAILQ_EMPTY(TAILQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     TAILQ_FOREACH(VARNAME, TAILQ_HEAD *head, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(VARNAME, TAILQ_HEAD *head, TAILQ_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(VARNAME, TAILQ_HEAD *head, HEADNAME, TAILQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(VARNAME, TAILQ_HEAD
+     *head, HEADNAME, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_INIT(TAILQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(TAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *listelm, struct TYPE
+     *elm, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(struct TYPE *listelm, struct TYPE *elm, TAILQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(TAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(TAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_REMOVE(TAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     TAILQ_REPLACE(TAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, struct TYPE
+     *elm2, TAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(TYPE);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(CIRCLEQ_HEAD head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     CIRCLEQ_FIRST(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     CIRCLEQ_LAST(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     CIRCLEQ_END(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     CIRCLEQ_NEXT(struct TYPE *listelm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     struct TYPE *
+     CIRCLEQ_PREV(struct TYPE *listelm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     int
+     CIRCLEQ_EMPTY(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(VARNAME, CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(VARNAME, CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(VARNAME, CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(VARNAME, CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME, TEMP_VARNAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_INIT(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *listelm, struct
+     TYPE *elm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *listelm, struct
+     TYPE *elm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
+     NAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+     void
+     CIRCLEQ_REPLACE(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, struct TYPE
+     *elm2, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME);
+
+DESCRIPTION
+     These macros define and operate on five types of data structures: singly-
+     linked lists, simple queues, lists, tail queues, and circular queues.
+     All five structures support the following functionality:
+
+           1.   Insertion of a new entry at the head of the list.
+           2.   Insertion of a new entry after any element in the list.
+           3.   Removal of an entry from the head of the list.
+           4.   Forward traversal through the list.
+
+     Singly-linked lists are the simplest of the five data structures and
+     support only the above functionality.  Singly-linked lists are ideal for
+     applications with large datasets and few or no removals, or for
+     implementing a LIFO queue.
+
+     Simple queues add the following functionality:
+
+           1.   Entries can be added at the end of a list.
+
+     However:
+
+           1.   All list insertions must specify the head of the list.
+           2.   Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
+           3.   Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20%
+                slower than singly-linked lists.
+
+     Simple queues are ideal for applications with large datasets and few or
+     no removals, or for implementing a FIFO queue.
+
+     All doubly linked types of data structures (lists, tail queues, and
+     circle queues) additionally allow:
+
+           1.   Insertion of a new entry before any element in the list.
+           2.   Removal of any entry in the list.
+
+     However:
+
+           1.   Each element requires two pointers rather than one.
+           2.   Code size and execution time of operations (except for
+                removal) is about twice that of the singly-linked data-
+                structures.
+
+     Lists are the simplest of the doubly linked data structures and support
+     only the above functionality over singly-linked lists.
+
+     Tail queues add the following functionality:
+
+           1.   Entries can be added at the end of a list.
+           2.   They may be traversed backwards, at a cost.
+
+     However:
+
+           1.   All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the
+                list.
+           2.   Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
+           3.   Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20%
+                slower than singly-linked lists.
+
+     Circular queues add the following functionality:
+
+           1.   Entries can be added at the end of a list.
+           2.   They may be traversed backwards, from tail to head.
+
+     However:
+
+           1.   All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the
+                list.
+           2.   Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
+           3.   The termination condition for traversal is more complex.
+           4.   Code size is about 40% greater and operations run about 45%
+                slower than lists.
+
+     In the macro definitions, TYPE is the name tag of a user defined
+     structure that must contain a field of type SLIST_ENTRY, LIST_ENTRY,
+     SIMPLEQ_ENTRY, TAILQ_ENTRY, or CIRCLEQ_ENTRY, named NAME.  The argument
+     HEADNAME is the name tag of a user defined structure that must be
+     declared using the macros SLIST_HEAD(), LIST_HEAD(), SIMPLEQ_HEAD(),
+     TAILQ_HEAD(), or CIRCLEQ_HEAD().  See the examples below for further
+     explanation of how these macros are used.
+
+SINGLY-LINKED LISTS
+     A singly-linked list is headed by a structure defined by the SLIST_HEAD()
+     macro.  This structure contains a single pointer to the first element on
+     the list.  The elements are singly linked for minimum space and pointer
+     manipulation overhead at the expense of O(n) removal for arbitrary
+     elements.  New elements can be added to the list after an existing
+     element or at the head of the list.  A SLIST_HEAD structure is declared
+     as follows:
+
+           SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
+
+     where HEADNAME is the name of the structure to be defined, and struct
+     TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the list.  A pointer
+     to the head of the list can later be declared as:
+
+           struct HEADNAME *headp;
+
+     (The names head and headp are user selectable.)
+
+     The HEADNAME facility is often not used, leading to the following bizarre
+     code:
+
+           SLIST_HEAD(, TYPE) head, *headp;
+
+     The SLIST_ENTRY() macro declares a structure that connects the elements
+     in the list.
+
+     The SLIST_INIT() macro initializes the list referenced by head.
+
+     The list can also be initialized statically by using the
+     SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER() macro like this:
+
+           SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
+
+     The SLIST_INSERT_HEAD() macro inserts the new element elm at the head of
+     the list.
+
+     The SLIST_INSERT_AFTER() macro inserts the new element elm after the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD() macro removes the first element of the list
+     pointed by head.
+
+     The SLIST_REMOVE_AFTER() macro removes the list element immediately
+     following elm.
+
+     The SLIST_REMOVE() macro removes the element elm of the list pointed by
+     head.
+
+     The SLIST_FIRST() and SLIST_NEXT() macros can be used to traverse the
+     list:
+
+           for (np = SLIST_FIRST(&head); np != NULL; np = SLIST_NEXT(np, NAME))
+
+     Or, for simplicity, one can use the SLIST_FOREACH() macro:
+
+           SLIST_FOREACH(np, head, NAME)
+
+     The macro SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE() traverses the list referenced by head in a
+     forward direction, assigning each element in turn to var.  However,
+     unlike SLIST_FOREACH() it is permitted to remove var as well as free it
+     from within the loop safely without interfering with the traversal.
+
+     The SLIST_EMPTY() macro should be used to check whether a simple list is
+     empty.
+
+SINGLY-LINKED LIST EXAMPLE
+     SLIST_HEAD(listhead, entry) head;
+     struct entry {
+             ...
+             SLIST_ENTRY(entry) entries;     /* Simple list. */
+             ...
+     } *n1, *n2, *np;
+
+     SLIST_INIT(&head);                      /* Initialize simple list. */
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head. */
+     SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after. */
+     SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
+
+     SLIST_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)       /* Forward traversal. */
+             np-> ...
+
+     while (!SLIST_EMPTY(&head)) {           /* Delete. */
+             n1 = SLIST_FIRST(&head);
+             SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
+             free(n1);
+     }
+
+
+LISTS
+     A list is headed by a structure defined by the LIST_HEAD() macro.  This
+     structure contains a single pointer to the first element on the list.
+     The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
+     removed without traversing the list.  New elements can be added to the
+     list after an existing element, before an existing element, or at the
+     head of the list.  A LIST_HEAD structure is declared as follows:
+
+           LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
+
+     where HEADNAME is the name of the structure to be defined, and struct
+     TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the list.  A pointer
+     to the head of the list can later be declared as:
+
+           struct HEADNAME *headp;
+
+     (The names head and headp are user selectable.)
+
+     The HEADNAME facility is often not used, leading to the following bizarre
+     code:
+
+           LIST_HEAD(, TYPE) head, *headp;
+
+     The LIST_ENTRY() macro declares a structure that connects the elements in
+     the list.
+
+     The LIST_INIT() macro initializes the list referenced by head.
+
+     The list can also be initialized statically by using the
+     LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER() macro like this:
+
+           LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head = LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
+
+     The LIST_INSERT_HEAD() macro inserts the new element elm at the head of
+     the list.
+
+     The LIST_INSERT_AFTER() macro inserts the new element elm after the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The LIST_INSERT_BEFORE() macro inserts the new element elm before the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The LIST_REMOVE() macro removes the element elm from the list.
+
+     The LIST_REPLACE() macro replaces the list element elm with the new
+     element elm2.
+
+     The LIST_FIRST() and LIST_NEXT() macros can be used to traverse the list:
+
+           for (np = LIST_FIRST(&head); np != NULL; np = LIST_NEXT(np, NAME))
+
+     Or, for simplicity, one can use the LIST_FOREACH() macro:
+
+           LIST_FOREACH(np, head, NAME)
+
+     The macro LIST_FOREACH_SAFE() traverses the list referenced by head in a
+     forward direction, assigning each element in turn to var.  However,
+     unlike LIST_FOREACH() it is permitted to remove var as well as free it
+     from within the loop safely without interfering with the traversal.
+
+     The LIST_EMPTY() macro should be used to check whether a list is empty.
+
+LIST EXAMPLE
+     LIST_HEAD(listhead, entry) head;
+     struct entry {
+             ...
+             LIST_ENTRY(entry) entries;      /* List. */
+             ...
+     } *n1, *n2, *np;
+
+     LIST_INIT(&head);                       /* Initialize list. */
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head. */
+     LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after. */
+     LIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert before. */
+     LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(n1, n2, entries);
+                                             /* Forward traversal. */
+     LIST_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
+             np-> ...
+
+     while (!LIST_EMPTY(&head))              /* Delete. */
+             n1 = LIST_FIRST(&head);
+             LIST_REMOVE(n1, entries);
+             free(n1);
+     }
+
+SIMPLE QUEUES
+     A simple queue is headed by a structure defined by the SIMPLEQ_HEAD()
+     macro.  This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first
+     element in the simple queue and the other to the last element in the
+     simple queue.  The elements are singly linked.  New elements can be added
+     to the queue after an existing element, at the head of the queue or at
+     the tail of the queue.  A SIMPLEQ_HEAD structure is declared as follows:
+
+           SIMPLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
+
+     where HEADNAME is the name of the structure to be defined, and struct
+     TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the queue.  A pointer
+     to the head of the queue can later be declared as:
+
+           struct HEADNAME *headp;
+
+     (The names head and headp are user selectable.)
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_ENTRY() macro declares a structure that connects the elements
+     in the queue.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_INIT() macro initializes the queue referenced by head.
+
+     The queue can also be initialized statically by using the
+     SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER() macro like this:
+
+           SIMPLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER() macro inserts the new element elm after the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD() macro inserts the new element elm at the head
+     of the queue.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL() macro inserts the new element elm at the end of
+     the queue.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_AFTER() macro removes the queue element immediately
+     following elm.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD() macro removes the first element from the queue.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_FIRST() and SIMPLEQ_NEXT() macros can be used to traverse the
+     queue.  The SIMPLEQ_FOREACH() is used for queue traversal:
+
+           SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(np, head, NAME)
+
+     The macro SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE() traverses the queue referenced by head
+     in a forward direction, assigning each element in turn to var.  However,
+     unlike SIMPLEQ_FOREACH() it is permitted to remove var as well as free it
+     from within the loop safely without interfering with the traversal.
+
+     The SIMPLEQ_EMPTY() macro should be used to check whether a list is
+     empty.
+
+SIMPLE QUEUE EXAMPLE
+     SIMPLEQ_HEAD(listhead, entry) head = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
+     struct entry {
+             ...
+             SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(entry) entries;   /* Simple queue. */
+             ...
+     } *n1, *n2, *np;
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head. */
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after. */
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the tail. */
+     SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n2, entries);
+                                             /* Forward traversal. */
+     SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
+             np-> ...
+                                             /* Delete. */
+     while (!SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&head)) {
+             n1 = SIMPLEQ_FIRST(&head);
+             SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
+             free(n1);
+     }
+
+TAIL QUEUES
+     A tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the TAILQ_HEAD() macro.
+     This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first element in
+     the tail queue and the other to the last element in the tail queue.  The
+     elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be removed
+     without traversing the tail queue.  New elements can be added to the
+     queue after an existing element, before an existing element, at the head
+     of the queue, or at the end of the queue.  A TAILQ_HEAD structure is
+     declared as follows:
+
+           TAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
+
+     where HEADNAME is the name of the structure to be defined, and struct
+     TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the tail queue.  A
+     pointer to the head of the tail queue can later be declared as:
+
+           struct HEADNAME *headp;
+
+     (The names head and headp are user selectable.)
+
+     The TAILQ_ENTRY() macro declares a structure that connects the elements
+     in the tail queue.
+
+     The TAILQ_INIT() macro initializes the tail queue referenced by head.
+
+     The tail queue can also be initialized statically by using the
+     TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER() macro.
+
+     The TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD() macro inserts the new element elm at the head of
+     the tail queue.
+
+     The TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL() macro inserts the new element elm at the end of
+     the tail queue.
+
+     The TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER() macro inserts the new element elm after the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE() macro inserts the new element elm before the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The TAILQ_REMOVE() macro removes the element elm from the tail queue.
+
+     The TAILQ_REPLACE() macro replaces the list element elm with the new
+     element elm2.
+
+     TAILQ_FOREACH() and TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE() are used for traversing a
+     tail queue.  TAILQ_FOREACH() starts at the first element and proceeds
+     towards the last.  TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE() starts at the last element and
+     proceeds towards the first.
+
+           TAILQ_FOREACH(np, &head, NAME)
+           TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(np, &head, HEADNAME, NAME)
+
+     The macros TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE() and TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE() traverse
+     the list referenced by head in a forward or reverse direction
+     respectively, assigning each element in turn to var.  However, unlike
+     their unsafe counterparts, they permit both the removal of var as well as
+     freeing it from within the loop safely without interfering with the
+     traversal.
+
+     The TAILQ_FIRST(), TAILQ_NEXT(), TAILQ_LAST() and TAILQ_PREV() macros can
+     be used to manually traverse a tail queue or an arbitrary part of one.
+
+     The TAILQ_EMPTY() macro should be used to check whether a tail queue is
+     empty.
+
+TAIL QUEUE EXAMPLE
+     TAILQ_HEAD(tailhead, entry) head;
+     struct entry {
+             ...
+             TAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries;     /* Tail queue. */
+             ...
+     } *n1, *n2, *np;
+
+     TAILQ_INIT(&head);                      /* Initialize queue. */
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head. */
+     TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the tail. */
+     TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after. */
+     TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert before. */
+     TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(n1, n2, entries);
+                                             /* Forward traversal. */
+     TAILQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
+             np-> ...
+                                             /* Manual forward traversal. */
+     for (np = n2; np != NULL; np = TAILQ_NEXT(np, entries))
+             np-> ...
+                                             /* Delete. */
+     while ((np = TAILQ_FIRST(&head))) {
+             TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, np, entries);
+             free(np);
+     }
+
+
+CIRCULAR QUEUES
+     A circular queue is headed by a structure defined by the CIRCLEQ_HEAD()
+     macro.  This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first
+     element in the circular queue and the other to the last element in the
+     circular queue.  The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary
+     element can be removed without traversing the queue.  New elements can be
+     added to the queue after an existing element, before an existing element,
+     at the head of the queue, or at the end of the queue.  A CIRCLEQ_HEAD
+     structure is declared as follows:
+
+           CIRCLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
+
+     where HEADNAME is the name of the structure to be defined, and struct
+     TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the circular queue.  A
+     pointer to the head of the circular queue can later be declared as:
+
+           struct HEADNAME *headp;
+
+     (The names head and headp are user selectable.)
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_ENTRY() macro declares a structure that connects the elements
+     in the circular queue.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_INIT() macro initializes the circular queue referenced by
+     head.
+
+     The circular queue can also be initialized statically by using the
+     CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER() macro.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD() macro inserts the new element elm at the head
+     of the circular queue.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL() macro inserts the new element elm at the end of
+     the circular queue.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER() macro inserts the new element elm after the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE() macro inserts the new element elm before the
+     element listelm.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_REMOVE() macro removes the element elm from the circular
+     queue.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_REPLACE() macro replaces the list element elm with the new
+     element elm2.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_FIRST(), CIRCLEQ_LAST(), CIRCLEQ_END(), CIRCLEQ_NEXT() and
+     CIRCLEQ_PREV() macros can be used to traverse a circular queue.  The
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH() is used for circular queue forward traversal:
+
+           CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(np, head, NAME)
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE() macro acts like CIRCLEQ_FOREACH() but
+     traverses the circular queue backwards.
+
+     The macros CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE() and CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE()
+     traverse the list referenced by head in a forward or reverse direction
+     respectively, assigning each element in turn to var.  However, unlike
+     their unsafe counterparts, they permit both the removal of var as well as
+     freeing it from within the loop safely without interfering with the
+     traversal.
+
+     The CIRCLEQ_EMPTY() macro should be used to check whether a circular
+     queue is empty.
+
+CIRCULAR QUEUE EXAMPLE
+     CIRCLEQ_HEAD(circleq, entry) head;
+     struct entry {
+             ...
+             CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(entry) entries;   /* Circular queue. */
+             ...
+     } *n1, *n2, *np;
+
+     CIRCLEQ_INIT(&head);                    /* Initialize circular queue. */
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head. */
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the tail. */
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after. */
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
+
+     n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert before. */
+     CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(&head, n1, n2, entries);
+                                             /* Forward traversal. */
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
+             np-> ...
+                                             /* Reverse traversal. */
+     CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(np, &head, entries)
+             np-> ...
+                                             /* Delete. */
+     while (!CIRCLEQ_EMPTY(&head)) {
+             n1 = CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&head);
+             CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&head, n1, entries);
+             free(n1);
+     }
+
+NOTES
+     It is an error to assume the next and previous fields are preserved after
+     an element has been removed from a list or queue.  Using any macro
+     (except the various forms of insertion) on an element removed from a list
+     or queue is incorrect.  An example of erroneous usage is removing the
+     same element twice.
+
+     The SLIST_END(), LIST_END(), SIMPLEQ_END() and TAILQ_END() macros are
+     provided for symmetry with CIRCLEQ_END().  They expand to NULL and don't
+     serve any useful purpose.
+
+     Trying to free a list in the following way is a common error:
+
+           LIST_FOREACH(var, head, entry)
+                   free(var);
+           free(head);
+
+     Since var is free'd, the FOREACH macros refer to a pointer that may have
+     been reallocated already.  A similar situation occurs when the current
+     element is deleted from the list.  In cases like these the data
+     structure's FOREACH_SAFE macros should be used instead.
+
+HISTORY
+     The queue functions first appeared in 4.4BSD.
+
+OpenBSD 5.0                     April 11, 2012                     OpenBSD 5.0
+======================================================================
+.\"	$OpenBSD: queue.3,v 1.56 2012/04/11 13:29:14 naddy Exp $
+.\"	$NetBSD: queue.3,v 1.4 1995/07/03 00:25:36 mycroft Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+
diff --git a/src/include.am b/src/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0693e25b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include src/ext/include.am
+include src/common/include.am
+include src/or/include.am
+include src/test/include.am
+include src/tools/include.am
+include src/win32/include.am
+include src/config/include.am
diff --git a/src/or/Makefile.am b/src/or/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 3cc789a1be..0000000000
--- a/src/or/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-bin_PROGRAMS = tor
-noinst_LIBRARIES = libtor.a
-
-if BUILD_NT_SERVICES
-tor_platform_source=ntmain.c
-else
-tor_platform_source=
-endif
-
-EXTRA_DIST=ntmain.c or_sha1.i Makefile.nmake
-
-if USE_EXTERNAL_EVDNS
-evdns_source=
-else
-evdns_source=eventdns.c
-endif
-
-libtor_a_SOURCES = \
-	buffers.c				\
-	circuitbuild.c				\
-	circuitlist.c				\
-	circuituse.c				\
-	command.c				\
-	config.c				\
-	connection.c				\
-	connection_edge.c			\
-	connection_or.c				\
-	control.c				\
-	cpuworker.c				\
-	directory.c				\
-	dirserv.c				\
-	dirvote.c				\
-	dns.c					\
-	dnsserv.c				\
-	geoip.c					\
-	hibernate.c				\
-	main.c					\
-	microdesc.c				\
-	networkstatus.c				\
-	nodelist.c				\
-	onion.c					\
-	transports.c            \
-	policies.c				\
-	reasons.c				\
-	relay.c					\
-	rendclient.c				\
-	rendcommon.c				\
-	rendmid.c				\
-	rendservice.c				\
-	rephist.c				\
-	router.c				\
-	routerlist.c				\
-	routerparse.c				\
-	status.c				\
-	$(evdns_source)				\
-	$(tor_platform_source)			\
-	config_codedigest.c			
-
-#libtor_a_LIBADD = ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-#	../common/libor-event.a
-
-
-tor_SOURCES = tor_main.c
-
-AM_CPPFLAGS = -DSHARE_DATADIR="\"$(datadir)\"" \
-        -DLOCALSTATEDIR="\"$(localstatedir)\"" \
-        -DBINDIR="\"$(bindir)\""
-
-# -L flags need to go in LDFLAGS. -l flags need to go in LDADD.
-# This seems to matter nowhere but on windows, but I assure you that it
-# matters a lot there, and is quite hard to debug if you forget to do it.
-
-
-tor_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
-tor_LDADD = ./libtor.a ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-	../common/libor-event.a \
-	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
-	@TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@
-
-noinst_HEADERS = \
-	buffers.h				\
-	circuitbuild.h				\
-	circuitlist.h				\
-	circuituse.h				\
-	command.h				\
-	config.h				\
-	connection.h				\
-	connection_edge.h			\
-	connection_or.h				\
-	control.h				\
-	cpuworker.h				\
-	directory.h				\
-	dirserv.h				\
-	dirvote.h				\
-	dns.h					\
-	dnsserv.h				\
-	eventdns.h				\
-	eventdns_tor.h				\
-	geoip.h					\
-	hibernate.h				\
-	main.h					\
-	microdesc.h				\
-	networkstatus.h				\
-	nodelist.h				\
-	ntmain.h				\
-	onion.h					\
-	or.h					\
-	transports.h            \
-	policies.h				\
-	reasons.h				\
-	relay.h					\
-	rendclient.h				\
-	rendcommon.h				\
-	rendmid.h				\
-	rendservice.h				\
-	rephist.h				\
-	router.h				\
-	routerlist.h				\
-	routerparse.h				\
-	status.h				\
-	micro-revision.i			
-
-config_codedigest.o: or_sha1.i
-
-tor_main.o: micro-revision.i
-
-micro-revision.i: FORCE
-	@rm -f micro-revision.tmp;					\
-	if test -d "$(top_srcdir)/.git" &&				\
-	  test -x "`which git 2>&1;true`"; then				\
-	  HASH="`cd "$(top_srcdir)" && git rev-parse --short=16 HEAD`"; 	\
-	  echo \"$$HASH\" > micro-revision.tmp; 			\
-        fi;								\
-	if test ! -f micro-revision.tmp ; then				\
-	  if test ! -f micro-revision.i ; then				\
-	    echo '""' > micro-revision.i;				\
-	  fi;								\
-	elif test ! -f micro-revision.i ||				\
-	  test x"`cat micro-revision.tmp`" != x"`cat micro-revision.i`"; then \
-	  mv micro-revision.tmp micro-revision.i;			\
-	fi; true
-
-or_sha1.i: $(tor_SOURCES) $(libtor_a_SOURCES)
-	if test "@SHA1SUM@" != none; then \
-	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@SHA1SUM@" $(tor_SOURCES) $(libtor_a_SOURCES)) | \
-	  "@SED@" -n 's/^\(.*\)$$/"\1\\n"/p' > or_sha1.i; \
-	elif test "@OPENSSL@" != none; then \
-	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@OPENSSL@" sha1 $(tor_SOURCES) $(libtor_a_SOURCES)) | \
-	  "@SED@" -n 's/SHA1(\(.*\))= \(.*\)/"\2  \1\\n"/p' > or_sha1.i; \
-	else \
-	  rm or_sha1.i; \
-	  touch or_sha1.i; \
-	fi
-
-CLEANFILES = micro-revision.i
-
-#Dummy target to ensure that micro-revision.i _always_ gets built.
-FORCE:
diff --git a/src/or/Makefile.nmake b/src/or/Makefile.nmake
index 3181e79c20..3b627b1d06 100644
--- a/src/or/Makefile.nmake
+++ b/src/or/Makefile.nmake
@@ -1,28 +1,75 @@
 all: tor.exe
 
-CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include /I ..\common
+CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include /I ..\common \
+    /I ..\ext
 
-LIBS = ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libevent.a \
- ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libcrypto.a \
- ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libssl.a \
- ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libz.a \
- ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib
+LIBS = ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libevent.lib \
+ ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libcrypto.lib \
+ ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libssl.lib \
+ ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libz.lib \
+ ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib \
+ crypt32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib
 
-LIBTOR_OBJECTS = buffers.obj circuitbuild.obj circuitlist.obj circuituse.obj \
-	command.obj config.obj connection.obj connection_edge.obj \
-	connection_or.obj control.obj cpuworker.obj directory.obj \
-	dirserv.obj dirvote.obj dns.obj dnsserv.obj geoip.obj \
-	hibernate.obj main.obj microdesc.obj networkstatus.obj \
-	nodelist.obj onion.obj policies.obj reasons.obj relay.obj \
-	rendclient.obj rendcommon.obj rendmid.obj rendservice.obj \
-	rephist.obj router.obj routerlist.obj routerparse.obj status.obj \
-	config_codedigest.obj ntmain.obj
+LIBTOR_OBJECTS = \
+  addressmap.obj \
+  buffers.obj \
+  channel.obj \
+  channeltls.obj \
+  circuitbuild.obj \
+  circuitlist.obj \
+  circuitmux.obj \
+  circuitmux_ewma.obj \
+  circuitstats.obj \
+  circuituse.obj \
+  command.obj \
+  config.obj \
+  config_codedigest.obj \
+  confparse.obj \
+  connection.obj \
+  connection_edge.obj \
+  connection_or.obj \
+  control.obj \
+  cpuworker.obj \
+  directory.obj \
+  dirserv.obj \
+  dirvote.obj \
+  dns.obj \
+  dnsserv.obj \
+  fp_pair.obj \
+  entrynodes.obj \
+  geoip.obj \
+  hibernate.obj \
+  main.obj \
+  microdesc.obj \
+  networkstatus.obj \
+  nodelist.obj \
+  ntmain.obj \
+  onion.obj \
+  onion_fast.obj \
+  onion_ntor.obj \
+  onion_tap.obj \
+  policies.obj \
+  reasons.obj \
+  relay.obj \
+  rendclient.obj \
+  rendcommon.obj \
+  rendmid.obj \
+  rendservice.obj \
+  rephist.obj \
+  replaycache.obj \
+  router.obj \
+  routerlist.obj \
+  routerparse.obj \
+  routerset.obj \
+  statefile.obj \
+  status.obj \
+  transports.obj
 
 libtor.lib: $(LIBTOR_OBJECTS)
-	lib $(LIBTOR_OBJECTS) /out:libtor.lib
+	lib $(LIBTOR_OBJECTS) /out:$@
 
 tor.exe: libtor.lib tor_main.obj
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) libtor.lib ..\common\*.lib tor_main.obj
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) libtor.lib ..\common\*.lib tor_main.obj /Fe$@
 
 clean:
 	del $(LIBTOR_OBJECTS) *.lib tor.exe
diff --git a/src/or/addressmap.c b/src/or/addressmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79e4b7c5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/addressmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#define ADDRESSMAP_PRIVATE
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
+#include "circuituse.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "connection_edge.h"
+#include "control.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+#include "nodelist.h"
+
+/** A client-side struct to remember requests to rewrite addresses
+ * to new addresses. These structs are stored in the hash table
+ * "addressmap" below.
+ *
+ * There are 5 ways to set an address mapping:
+ * - A MapAddress command from the controller [permanent]
+ * - An AddressMap directive in the torrc [permanent]
+ * - When a TrackHostExits torrc directive is triggered [temporary]
+ * - When a DNS resolve succeeds [temporary]
+ * - When a DNS resolve fails [temporary]
+ *
+ * When an addressmap request is made but one is already registered,
+ * the new one is replaced only if the currently registered one has
+ * no "new_address" (that is, it's in the process of DNS resolve),
+ * or if the new one is permanent (expires==0 or 1).
+ *
+ * (We overload the 'expires' field, using "0" for mappings set via
+ * the configuration file, "1" for mappings set from the control
+ * interface, and other values for DNS and TrackHostExit mappings that can
+ * expire.)
+ *
+ * A mapping may be 'wildcarded'.  If "src_wildcard" is true, then
+ * any address that ends with a . followed by the key for this entry will
+ * get remapped by it.  If "dst_wildcard" is also true, then only the
+ * matching suffix of such addresses will get replaced by new_address.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  char *new_address;
+  time_t expires;
+  ENUM_BF(addressmap_entry_source_t) source:3;
+  unsigned src_wildcard:1;
+  unsigned dst_wildcard:1;
+  short num_resolve_failures;
+} addressmap_entry_t;
+
+/** Entry for mapping addresses to which virtual address we mapped them to. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *ipv4_address;
+  char *ipv6_address;
+  char *hostname_address;
+} virtaddress_entry_t;
+
+/** A hash table to store client-side address rewrite instructions. */
+static strmap_t *addressmap=NULL;
+
+/**
+ * Table mapping addresses to which virtual address, if any, we
+ * assigned them to.
+ *
+ * We maintain the following invariant: if [A,B] is in
+ * virtaddress_reversemap, then B must be a virtual address, and [A,B]
+ * must be in addressmap.  We do not require that the converse hold:
+ * if it fails, then we could end up mapping two virtual addresses to
+ * the same address, which is no disaster.
+ **/
+static strmap_t *virtaddress_reversemap=NULL;
+
+/** Initialize addressmap. */
+void
+addressmap_init(void)
+{
+  addressmap = strmap_new();
+  virtaddress_reversemap = strmap_new();
+}
+
+/** Free the memory associated with the addressmap entry <b>_ent</b>. */
+static void
+addressmap_ent_free(void *_ent)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+  if (!_ent)
+    return;
+
+  ent = _ent;
+  tor_free(ent->new_address);
+  tor_free(ent);
+}
+
+/** Free storage held by a virtaddress_entry_t* entry in <b>ent</b>. */
+static void
+addressmap_virtaddress_ent_free(void *_ent)
+{
+  virtaddress_entry_t *ent;
+  if (!_ent)
+    return;
+
+  ent = _ent;
+  tor_free(ent->ipv4_address);
+  tor_free(ent->hostname_address);
+  tor_free(ent);
+}
+
+/** Free storage held by a virtaddress_entry_t* entry in <b>ent</b>. */
+static void
+addressmap_virtaddress_remove(const char *address, addressmap_entry_t *ent)
+{
+  if (ent && ent->new_address &&
+      address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address)) {
+    virtaddress_entry_t *ve =
+      strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, ent->new_address);
+    /*log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,"remove reverse mapping for %s",ent->new_address);*/
+    if (ve) {
+      if (!strcmp(address, ve->ipv4_address))
+        tor_free(ve->ipv4_address);
+      if (!strcmp(address, ve->hostname_address))
+        tor_free(ve->hostname_address);
+      if (!ve->ipv4_address && !ve->hostname_address) {
+        tor_free(ve);
+        strmap_remove(virtaddress_reversemap, ent->new_address);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Remove <b>ent</b> (which must be mapped to by <b>address</b>) from the
+ * client address maps. */
+static void
+addressmap_ent_remove(const char *address, addressmap_entry_t *ent)
+{
+  addressmap_virtaddress_remove(address, ent);
+  addressmap_ent_free(ent);
+}
+
+/** Unregister all TrackHostExits mappings from any address to
+ * *.exitname.exit. */
+void
+clear_trackexithost_mappings(const char *exitname)
+{
+  char *suffix = NULL;
+  if (!addressmap || !exitname)
+    return;
+  tor_asprintf(&suffix, ".%s.exit", exitname);
+  tor_strlower(suffix);
+
+  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
+    if (ent->source == ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT &&
+        !strcmpend(ent->new_address, suffix)) {
+      addressmap_ent_remove(address, ent);
+      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(address);
+    }
+  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
+
+  tor_free(suffix);
+}
+
+/** Remove all TRACKEXIT mappings from the addressmap for which the target
+ * host is unknown or no longer allowed, or for which the source address
+ * is no longer in trackexithosts. */
+void
+addressmap_clear_excluded_trackexithosts(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  const routerset_t *allow_nodes = options->ExitNodes;
+  const routerset_t *exclude_nodes = options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_;
+
+  if (!addressmap)
+    return;
+  if (routerset_is_empty(allow_nodes))
+    allow_nodes = NULL;
+  if (allow_nodes == NULL && routerset_is_empty(exclude_nodes))
+    return;
+
+  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
+    size_t len;
+    const char *target = ent->new_address, *dot;
+    char *nodename;
+    const node_t *node;
+
+    if (!target) {
+      /* DNS resolving in progress */
+      continue;
+    } else if (strcmpend(target, ".exit")) {
+      /* Not a .exit mapping */
+      continue;
+    } else if (ent->source != ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT) {
+      /* Not a trackexit mapping. */
+      continue;
+    }
+    len = strlen(target);
+    if (len < 6)
+      continue; /* malformed. */
+    dot = target + len - 6; /* dot now points to just before .exit */
+    while (dot > target && *dot != '.')
+      dot--;
+    if (*dot == '.') dot++;
+    nodename = tor_strndup(dot, len-5-(dot-target));;
+    node = node_get_by_nickname(nodename, 0);
+    tor_free(nodename);
+    if (!node ||
+        (allow_nodes && !routerset_contains_node(allow_nodes, node)) ||
+        routerset_contains_node(exclude_nodes, node) ||
+        !hostname_in_track_host_exits(options, address)) {
+      /* We don't know this one, or we want to be rid of it. */
+      addressmap_ent_remove(address, ent);
+      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(address);
+    }
+  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>address</b> is one that we are configured to
+ * automap on resolve according to <b>options</b>. */
+int
+addressmap_address_should_automap(const char *address,
+                                  const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  const smartlist_t *suffix_list = options->AutomapHostsSuffixes;
+
+  if (!suffix_list)
+    return 0;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(suffix_list, const char *, suffix) {
+    if (!strcasecmpend(address, suffix))
+      return 1;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(suffix);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Remove all AUTOMAP mappings from the addressmap for which the
+ * source address no longer matches AutomapHostsSuffixes, which is
+ * no longer allowed by AutomapHostsOnResolve, or for which the
+ * target address is no longer in the virtual network. */
+void
+addressmap_clear_invalid_automaps(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  int clear_all = !options->AutomapHostsOnResolve;
+  const smartlist_t *suffixes = options->AutomapHostsSuffixes;
+
+  if (!addressmap)
+    return;
+
+  if (!suffixes)
+    clear_all = 1; /* This should be impossible, but let's be sure. */
+
+  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, src_address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
+    int remove = clear_all;
+    if (ent->source != ADDRMAPSRC_AUTOMAP)
+      continue; /* not an automap mapping. */
+
+    if (!remove) {
+      remove = ! addressmap_address_should_automap(src_address, options);
+    }
+
+    if (!remove && ! address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address))
+      remove = 1;
+
+    if (remove) {
+      addressmap_ent_remove(src_address, ent);
+      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(src_address);
+    }
+  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
+}
+
+/** Remove all entries from the addressmap that were set via the
+ * configuration file or the command line. */
+void
+addressmap_clear_configured(void)
+{
+  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/** Remove all entries from the addressmap that are set to expire, ever. */
+void
+addressmap_clear_transient(void)
+{
+  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 2, TIME_MAX, 0);
+}
+
+/** Clean out entries from the addressmap cache that were
+ * added long enough ago that they are no longer valid.
+ */
+void
+addressmap_clean(time_t now)
+{
+  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 2, now, 0);
+}
+
+/** Free all the elements in the addressmap, and free the addressmap
+ * itself. */
+void
+addressmap_free_all(void)
+{
+  strmap_free(addressmap, addressmap_ent_free);
+  addressmap = NULL;
+
+  strmap_free(virtaddress_reversemap, addressmap_virtaddress_ent_free);
+  virtaddress_reversemap = NULL;
+}
+
+/** Try to find a match for AddressMap expressions that use
+ *  wildcard notation such as '*.c.d *.e.f' (so 'a.c.d' will map to 'a.e.f') or
+ *  '*.c.d a.b.c' (so 'a.c.d' will map to a.b.c).
+ *  Return the matching entry in AddressMap or NULL if no match is found.
+ *  For expressions such as '*.c.d *.e.f', truncate <b>address</b> 'a.c.d'
+ *  to 'a' before we return the matching AddressMap entry.
+ *
+ * This function does not handle the case where a pattern of the form "*.c.d"
+ * matches the address c.d -- that's done by the main addressmap_rewrite
+ * function.
+ */
+static addressmap_entry_t *
+addressmap_match_superdomains(char *address)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *val;
+  char *cp;
+
+  cp = address;
+  while ((cp = strchr(cp, '.'))) {
+    /* cp now points to a suffix of address that begins with a . */
+    val = strmap_get_lc(addressmap, cp+1);
+    if (val && val->src_wildcard) {
+      if (val->dst_wildcard)
+        *cp = '\0';
+      return val;
+    }
+    ++cp;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Look at address, and rewrite it until it doesn't want any
+ * more rewrites; but don't get into an infinite loop.
+ * Don't write more than maxlen chars into address.  Return true if the
+ * address changed; false otherwise.  Set *<b>expires_out</b> to the
+ * expiry time of the result, or to <b>time_max</b> if the result does
+ * not expire.
+ *
+ * If <b>exit_source_out</b> is non-null, we set it as follows.  If we the
+ * address starts out as a non-exit address, and we remap it to an .exit
+ * address at any point, then set *<b>exit_source_out</b> to the
+ * address_entry_source_t of the first such rule.  Set *<b>exit_source_out</b>
+ * to ADDRMAPSRC_NONE if there is no such rewrite, or if the original address
+ * was a .exit.
+ */
+int
+addressmap_rewrite(char *address, size_t maxlen,
+                   unsigned flags,
+                   time_t *expires_out,
+                   addressmap_entry_source_t *exit_source_out)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+  int rewrites;
+  time_t expires = TIME_MAX;
+  addressmap_entry_source_t exit_source = ADDRMAPSRC_NONE;
+  char *addr_orig = tor_strdup(address);
+  char *log_addr_orig = NULL;
+
+  for (rewrites = 0; rewrites < 16; rewrites++) {
+    int exact_match = 0;
+    log_addr_orig = tor_strdup(escaped_safe_str_client(address));
+
+    ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
+
+    if (!ent || !ent->new_address) {
+      ent = addressmap_match_superdomains(address);
+    } else {
+      if (ent->src_wildcard && !ent->dst_wildcard &&
+          !strcasecmp(address, ent->new_address)) {
+        /* This is a rule like *.example.com example.com, and we just got
+         * "example.com" */
+        goto done;
+      }
+
+      exact_match = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!ent || !ent->new_address) {
+      goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (ent && ent->source == ADDRMAPSRC_DNS) {
+      sa_family_t f;
+      tor_addr_t tmp;
+      f = tor_addr_parse(&tmp, ent->new_address);
+      if (f == AF_INET && !(flags & AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS))
+        goto done;
+      else if (f == AF_INET6 && !(flags & AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS))
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (ent->dst_wildcard && !exact_match) {
+      strlcat(address, ".", maxlen);
+      strlcat(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
+    } else {
+      strlcpy(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmpend(address, ".exit") &&
+        strcmpend(addr_orig, ".exit") &&
+        exit_source == ADDRMAPSRC_NONE) {
+      exit_source = ent->source;
+    }
+
+    log_info(LD_APP, "Addressmap: rewriting %s to %s",
+             log_addr_orig, escaped_safe_str_client(address));
+    if (ent->expires > 1 && ent->expires < expires)
+      expires = ent->expires;
+
+    tor_free(log_addr_orig);
+  }
+  log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+           "Loop detected: we've rewritten %s 16 times! Using it as-is.",
+           escaped_safe_str_client(address));
+  /* it's fine to rewrite a rewrite, but don't loop forever */
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(addr_orig);
+  tor_free(log_addr_orig);
+  if (exit_source_out)
+    *exit_source_out = exit_source;
+  if (expires_out)
+    *expires_out = TIME_MAX;
+  return (rewrites > 0);
+}
+
+/** If we have a cached reverse DNS entry for the address stored in the
+ * <b>maxlen</b>-byte buffer <b>address</b> (typically, a dotted quad) then
+ * rewrite to the cached value and return 1.  Otherwise return 0.  Set
+ * *<b>expires_out</b> to the expiry time of the result, or to <b>time_max</b>
+ * if the result does not expire. */
+int
+addressmap_rewrite_reverse(char *address, size_t maxlen, unsigned flags,
+                           time_t *expires_out)
+{
+  char *s, *cp;
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+  int r = 0;
+  {
+    sa_family_t f;
+    tor_addr_t tmp;
+    f = tor_addr_parse(&tmp, address);
+    if (f == AF_INET && !(flags & AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS))
+      return 0;
+    else if (f == AF_INET6 && !(flags & AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS))
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  tor_asprintf(&s, "REVERSE[%s]", address);
+  ent = strmap_get(addressmap, s);
+  if (ent) {
+    cp = tor_strdup(escaped_safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
+    log_info(LD_APP, "Rewrote reverse lookup %s -> %s",
+             escaped_safe_str_client(s), cp);
+    tor_free(cp);
+    strlcpy(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
+    r = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (expires_out)
+    *expires_out = (ent && ent->expires > 1) ? ent->expires : TIME_MAX;
+
+  tor_free(s);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if <b>address</b> is already registered, else return 0. If address
+ * is already registered, and <b>update_expires</b> is non-zero, then update
+ * the expiry time on the mapping with update_expires if it is a
+ * mapping created by TrackHostExits. */
+int
+addressmap_have_mapping(const char *address, int update_expiry)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+  if (!(ent=strmap_get_lc(addressmap, address)))
+    return 0;
+  if (update_expiry && ent->source==ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT)
+    ent->expires=time(NULL) + update_expiry;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/** Register a request to map <b>address</b> to <b>new_address</b>,
+ * which will expire on <b>expires</b> (or 0 if never expires from
+ * config file, 1 if never expires from controller, 2 if never expires
+ * (virtual address mapping) from the controller.)
+ *
+ * <b>new_address</b> should be a newly dup'ed string, which we'll use or
+ * free as appropriate. We will leave address alone.
+ *
+ * If <b>wildcard_addr</b> is true, then the mapping will match any address
+ * equal to <b>address</b>, or any address ending with a period followed by
+ * <b>address</b>.  If <b>wildcard_addr</b> and <b>wildcard_new_addr</b> are
+ * both true, the mapping will rewrite addresses that end with
+ * ".<b>address</b>" into ones that end with ".<b>new_address</b>."
+ *
+ * If <b>new_address</b> is NULL, or <b>new_address</b> is equal to
+ * <b>address</b> and <b>wildcard_addr</b> is equal to
+ * <b>wildcard_new_addr</b>, remove any mappings that exist from
+ * <b>address</b>.
+ *
+ *
+ * It is an error to set <b>wildcard_new_addr</b> if <b>wildcard_addr</b> is
+ * not set. */
+void
+addressmap_register(const char *address, char *new_address, time_t expires,
+                    addressmap_entry_source_t source,
+                    const int wildcard_addr,
+                    const int wildcard_new_addr)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+
+  if (wildcard_new_addr)
+    tor_assert(wildcard_addr);
+
+  ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
+  if (!new_address || (!strcasecmp(address,new_address) &&
+                       wildcard_addr == wildcard_new_addr)) {
+    /* Remove the mapping, if any. */
+    tor_free(new_address);
+    if (ent) {
+      addressmap_ent_remove(address,ent);
+      strmap_remove(addressmap, address);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!ent) { /* make a new one and register it */
+    ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(addressmap_entry_t));
+    strmap_set(addressmap, address, ent);
+  } else if (ent->new_address) { /* we need to clean up the old mapping. */
+    if (expires > 1) {
+      log_info(LD_APP,"Temporary addressmap ('%s' to '%s') not performed, "
+               "since it's already mapped to '%s'",
+      safe_str_client(address),
+      safe_str_client(new_address),
+      safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
+      tor_free(new_address);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address) &&
+        expires != 2) {
+      /* XXX This isn't the perfect test; we want to avoid removing
+       * mappings set from the control interface _as virtual mapping */
+      addressmap_virtaddress_remove(address, ent);
+    }
+    tor_free(ent->new_address);
+  } /* else { we have an in-progress resolve with no mapping. } */
+
+  ent->new_address = new_address;
+  ent->expires = expires==2 ? 1 : expires;
+  ent->num_resolve_failures = 0;
+  ent->source = source;
+  ent->src_wildcard = wildcard_addr ? 1 : 0;
+  ent->dst_wildcard = wildcard_new_addr ? 1 : 0;
+
+  log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Addressmap: (re)mapped '%s' to '%s'",
+           safe_str_client(address),
+           safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
+  control_event_address_mapped(address, ent->new_address, expires, NULL, 1);
+}
+
+/** An attempt to resolve <b>address</b> failed at some OR.
+ * Increment the number of resolve failures we have on record
+ * for it, and then return that number.
+ */
+int
+client_dns_incr_failures(const char *address)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
+  if (!ent) {
+    ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(addressmap_entry_t));
+    ent->expires = time(NULL) + MAX_DNS_ENTRY_AGE;
+    strmap_set(addressmap,address,ent);
+  }
+  if (ent->num_resolve_failures < SHORT_MAX)
+    ++ent->num_resolve_failures; /* don't overflow */
+  log_info(LD_APP, "Address %s now has %d resolve failures.",
+           safe_str_client(address),
+           ent->num_resolve_failures);
+  return ent->num_resolve_failures;
+}
+
+/** If <b>address</b> is in the client DNS addressmap, reset
+ * the number of resolve failures we have on record for it.
+ * This is used when we fail a stream because it won't resolve:
+ * otherwise future attempts on that address will only try once.
+ */
+void
+client_dns_clear_failures(const char *address)
+{
+  addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
+  if (ent)
+    ent->num_resolve_failures = 0;
+}
+
+/** Record the fact that <b>address</b> resolved to <b>name</b>.
+ * We can now use this in subsequent streams via addressmap_rewrite()
+ * so we can more correctly choose an exit that will allow <b>address</b>.
+ *
+ * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
+ * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
+ *
+ * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
+ * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
+ */
+static void
+client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(entry_connection_t *for_conn,
+                               const char *address, const char *name,
+                               const char *exitname,
+                               int ttl)
+{
+  char *extendedaddress=NULL, *extendedval=NULL;
+  (void)for_conn;
+
+  tor_assert(address);
+  tor_assert(name);
+
+  if (ttl<0)
+    ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL;
+  else
+    ttl = dns_clip_ttl(ttl);
+
+  if (exitname) {
+    /* XXXX fails to ever get attempts to get an exit address of
+     * google.com.digest[=~]nickname.exit; we need a syntax for this that
+     * won't make strict RFC952-compliant applications (like us) barf. */
+    tor_asprintf(&extendedaddress,
+                 "%s.%s.exit", address, exitname);
+    tor_asprintf(&extendedval,
+                 "%s.%s.exit", name, exitname);
+  } else {
+    tor_asprintf(&extendedaddress,
+                 "%s", address);
+    tor_asprintf(&extendedval,
+                 "%s", name);
+  }
+  addressmap_register(extendedaddress, extendedval,
+                      time(NULL) + ttl, ADDRMAPSRC_DNS, 0, 0);
+  tor_free(extendedaddress);
+}
+
+/** Record the fact that <b>address</b> resolved to <b>val</b>.
+ * We can now use this in subsequent streams via addressmap_rewrite()
+ * so we can more correctly choose an exit that will allow <b>address</b>.
+ *
+ * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
+ * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
+ *
+ * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
+ * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
+ */
+void
+client_dns_set_addressmap(entry_connection_t *for_conn,
+                          const char *address,
+                          const tor_addr_t *val,
+                          const char *exitname,
+                          int ttl)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr_tmp;
+  char valbuf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+
+  tor_assert(address);
+  tor_assert(val);
+
+  if (tor_addr_parse(&addr_tmp, address) >= 0)
+    return; /* If address was an IP address already, don't add a mapping. */
+
+  if (tor_addr_family(val) == AF_INET) {
+    if (! for_conn->cache_ipv4_answers)
+      return;
+  } else if (tor_addr_family(val) == AF_INET6) {
+    if (! for_conn->cache_ipv6_answers)
+      return;
+  }
+
+  if (! tor_addr_to_str(valbuf, val, sizeof(valbuf), 1))
+    return;
+
+  client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(for_conn, address, valbuf, exitname, ttl);
+}
+
+/** Add a cache entry noting that <b>address</b> (ordinarily a dotted quad)
+ * resolved via a RESOLVE_PTR request to the hostname <b>v</b>.
+ *
+ * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
+ * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
+ *
+ * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
+ * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
+ */
+void
+client_dns_set_reverse_addressmap(entry_connection_t *for_conn,
+                                  const char *address, const char *v,
+                                  const char *exitname,
+                                  int ttl)
+{
+  char *s = NULL;
+  {
+    tor_addr_t tmp_addr;
+    sa_family_t f = tor_addr_parse(&tmp_addr, address);
+    if ((f == AF_INET && ! for_conn->cache_ipv4_answers) ||
+        (f == AF_INET6 && ! for_conn->cache_ipv6_answers))
+      return;
+  }
+  tor_asprintf(&s, "REVERSE[%s]", address);
+  client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(for_conn, s, v, exitname, ttl);
+  tor_free(s);
+}
+
+/* By default, we hand out 127.192.0.1 through 127.254.254.254.
+ * These addresses should map to localhost, so even if the
+ * application accidentally tried to connect to them directly (not
+ * via Tor), it wouldn't get too far astray.
+ *
+ * These options are configured by parse_virtual_addr_network().
+ */
+
+static virtual_addr_conf_t virtaddr_conf_ipv4;
+static virtual_addr_conf_t virtaddr_conf_ipv6;
+
+/** Read a netmask of the form 127.192.0.0/10 from "val", and check whether
+ * it's a valid set of virtual addresses to hand out in response to MAPADDRESS
+ * requests.  Return 0 on success; set *msg (if provided) to a newly allocated
+ * string and return -1 on failure.  If validate_only is false, sets the
+ * actual virtual address range to the parsed value. */
+int
+parse_virtual_addr_network(const char *val, sa_family_t family,
+                           int validate_only,
+                           char **msg)
+{
+  const int ipv6 = (family == AF_INET6);
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  maskbits_t bits;
+  const int max_bits = ipv6 ? 40 : 16;
+  virtual_addr_conf_t *conf = ipv6 ? &virtaddr_conf_ipv6 : &virtaddr_conf_ipv4;
+
+  if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(val, 0, &addr, &bits, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+    if (msg)
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "Error parsing VirtualAddressNetwork%s %s",
+                   ipv6?"IPv6":"", val);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (tor_addr_family(&addr) != family) {
+    if (msg)
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "Incorrect address type for VirtualAddressNetwork%s",
+                   ipv6?"IPv6":"");
+    return -1;
+  }
+#if 0
+  if (port_min != 1 || port_max != 65535) {
+    if (msg)
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "Can't specify ports on VirtualAddressNetwork%s",
+                   ipv6?"IPv6":"");
+    return -1;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (bits > max_bits) {
+    if (msg)
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "VirtualAddressNetwork%s expects a /%d "
+                   "network or larger",ipv6?"IPv6":"", max_bits);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (validate_only)
+    return 0;
+
+  tor_addr_copy(&conf->addr, &addr);
+  conf->bits = bits;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return true iff <b>addr</b> is likely to have been returned by
+ * client_dns_get_unused_address.
+ **/
+int
+address_is_in_virtual_range(const char *address)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  tor_assert(address);
+  if (!strcasecmpend(address, ".virtual")) {
+    return 1;
+  } else if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, address) >= 0) {
+    const virtual_addr_conf_t *conf = (tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6) ?
+      &virtaddr_conf_ipv6 : &virtaddr_conf_ipv4;
+    if (tor_addr_compare_masked(&addr, &conf->addr, conf->bits, CMP_EXACT)==0)
+      return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return a random address conforming to the virtual address configuration
+ * in <b>conf</b>.
+ */
+/* private */ void
+get_random_virtual_addr(const virtual_addr_conf_t *conf, tor_addr_t *addr_out)
+{
+  uint8_t tmp[4];
+  const uint8_t *addr_bytes;
+  uint8_t bytes[16];
+  const int ipv6 = tor_addr_family(&conf->addr) == AF_INET6;
+  const int total_bytes = ipv6 ? 16 : 4;
+
+  tor_assert(conf->bits <= total_bytes * 8);
+
+  /* Set addr_bytes to the bytes of the virtual network, in host order */
+  if (ipv6) {
+    addr_bytes = tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&conf->addr);
+  } else {
+    set_uint32(tmp, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conf->addr));
+    addr_bytes = tmp;
+  }
+
+  /* Get an appropriate number of random bytes. */
+  crypto_rand((char*)bytes, total_bytes);
+
+  /* Now replace the first "conf->bits" bits of 'bytes' with addr_bytes*/
+  if (conf->bits >= 8)
+    memcpy(bytes, addr_bytes, conf->bits / 8);
+  if (conf->bits & 7) {
+    uint8_t mask = 0xff >> (conf->bits & 7);
+    bytes[conf->bits/8] &= mask;
+    bytes[conf->bits/8] |= addr_bytes[conf->bits/8] & ~mask;
+  }
+
+  if (ipv6)
+    tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(addr_out, (char*) bytes);
+  else
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4n(addr_out, get_uint32(bytes));
+
+  tor_assert(tor_addr_compare_masked(addr_out, &conf->addr,
+                                     conf->bits, CMP_EXACT)==0);
+}
+
+/** Return a newly allocated string holding an address of <b>type</b>
+ * (one of RESOLVED_TYPE_{IPV4|HOSTNAME}) that has not yet been mapped,
+ * and that is very unlikely to be the address of any real host.
+ *
+ * May return NULL if we have run out of virtual addresses.
+ */
+static char *
+addressmap_get_virtual_address(int type)
+{
+  char buf[64];
+  tor_assert(addressmap);
+
+  if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME) {
+    char rand[10];
+    do {
+      crypto_rand(rand, sizeof(rand));
+      base32_encode(buf,sizeof(buf),rand,sizeof(rand));
+      strlcat(buf, ".virtual", sizeof(buf));
+    } while (strmap_get(addressmap, buf));
+    return tor_strdup(buf);
+  } else if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 || type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6) {
+    const int ipv6 = (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6);
+    const virtual_addr_conf_t *conf = ipv6 ?
+      &virtaddr_conf_ipv6 : &virtaddr_conf_ipv4;
+
+    /* Don't try more than 1000 times.  This gives us P < 1e-9 for
+     * failing to get a good address so long as the address space is
+     * less than ~97.95% full.  That's always going to be true under
+     * sensible circumstances for an IPv6 /10, and it's going to be
+     * true for an IPv4 /10 as long as we've handed out less than
+     * 4.08 million addresses. */
+    uint32_t attempts = 1000;
+
+    tor_addr_t addr;
+
+    while (attempts--) {
+      get_random_virtual_addr(conf, &addr);
+
+      if (!ipv6) {
+        /* Don't hand out any .0 or .255 address. */
+        const uint32_t a = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&addr);
+        if ((a & 0xff) == 0 || (a & 0xff) == 0xff)
+          continue;
+      }
+
+      tor_addr_to_str(buf, &addr, sizeof(buf), 1);
+      if (!strmap_get(addressmap, buf)) {
+        /* XXXX This code is to make sure I didn't add an undecorated version
+         * by mistake. I hope it's needless. */
+        char tmp[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+        tor_addr_to_str(buf, &addr, sizeof(tmp), 0);
+        if (strmap_get(addressmap, tmp)) {
+          log_warn(LD_BUG, "%s wasn't in the addressmap, but %s was.",
+                   buf, tmp);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        return tor_strdup(buf);
+      }
+    }
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Ran out of virtual addresses!");
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with unsupported address type (%d)", type);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A controller has requested that we map some address of type
+ * <b>type</b> to the address <b>new_address</b>.  Choose an address
+ * that is unlikely to be used, and map it, and return it in a newly
+ * allocated string.  If another address of the same type is already
+ * mapped to <b>new_address</b>, try to return a copy of that address.
+ *
+ * The string in <b>new_address</b> may be freed or inserted into a map
+ * as appropriate.  May return NULL if are out of virtual addresses.
+ **/
+const char *
+addressmap_register_virtual_address(int type, char *new_address)
+{
+  char **addrp;
+  virtaddress_entry_t *vent;
+  int vent_needs_to_be_added = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(new_address);
+  tor_assert(addressmap);
+  tor_assert(virtaddress_reversemap);
+
+  vent = strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address);
+  if (!vent) {
+    vent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(virtaddress_entry_t));
+    vent_needs_to_be_added = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4)
+    addrp = &vent->ipv4_address;
+  else if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6)
+    addrp = &vent->ipv6_address;
+  else
+    addrp = &vent->hostname_address;
+
+  if (*addrp) {
+    addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, *addrp);
+    if (ent && ent->new_address &&
+        !strcasecmp(new_address, ent->new_address)) {
+      tor_free(new_address);
+      tor_assert(!vent_needs_to_be_added);
+      return tor_strdup(*addrp);
+    } else {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG,
+               "Internal confusion: I thought that '%s' was mapped to by "
+               "'%s', but '%s' really maps to '%s'. This is a harmless bug.",
+               safe_str_client(new_address),
+               safe_str_client(*addrp),
+               safe_str_client(*addrp),
+               ent?safe_str_client(ent->new_address):"(nothing)");
+    }
+  }
+
+  tor_free(*addrp);
+  *addrp = addressmap_get_virtual_address(type);
+  if (!*addrp) {
+    tor_free(vent);
+    tor_free(new_address);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  log_info(LD_APP, "Registering map from %s to %s", *addrp, new_address);
+  if (vent_needs_to_be_added)
+    strmap_set(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address, vent);
+  addressmap_register(*addrp, new_address, 2, ADDRMAPSRC_AUTOMAP, 0, 0);
+
+#if 0
+  {
+    /* Try to catch possible bugs */
+    addressmap_entry_t *ent;
+    ent = strmap_get(addressmap, *addrp);
+    tor_assert(ent);
+    tor_assert(!strcasecmp(ent->new_address,new_address));
+    vent = strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address);
+    tor_assert(vent);
+    tor_assert(!strcasecmp(*addrp,
+                           (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4) ?
+                           vent->ipv4_address : vent->hostname_address));
+    log_info(LD_APP, "Map from %s to %s okay.",
+             safe_str_client(*addrp),
+             safe_str_client(new_address));
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return *addrp;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if <b>address</b> has funny characters in it like colons. Return
+ * 0 if it's fine, or if we're configured to allow it anyway.  <b>client</b>
+ * should be true if we're using this address as a client; false if we're
+ * using it as a server.
+ */
+int
+address_is_invalid_destination(const char *address, int client)
+{
+  if (client) {
+    if (get_options()->AllowNonRFC953Hostnames)
+      return 0;
+  } else {
+    if (get_options()->ServerDNSAllowNonRFC953Hostnames)
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* It might be an IPv6 address! */
+  {
+    tor_addr_t a;
+    if (tor_addr_parse(&a, address) >= 0)
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+  while (*address) {
+    if (TOR_ISALNUM(*address) ||
+        *address == '-' ||
+        *address == '.' ||
+        *address == '_') /* Underscore is not allowed, but Windows does it
+                          * sometimes, just to thumb its nose at the IETF. */
+      ++address;
+    else
+      return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Iterate over all address mappings which have expiry times between
+ * min_expires and max_expires, inclusive.  If sl is provided, add an
+ * "old-addr new-addr expiry" string to sl for each mapping, omitting
+ * the expiry time if want_expiry is false. If sl is NULL, remove the
+ * mappings.
+ */
+void
+addressmap_get_mappings(smartlist_t *sl, time_t min_expires,
+                        time_t max_expires, int want_expiry)
+{
+   strmap_iter_t *iter;
+   const char *key;
+   void *val_;
+   addressmap_entry_t *val;
+
+   if (!addressmap)
+     addressmap_init();
+
+   for (iter = strmap_iter_init(addressmap); !strmap_iter_done(iter); ) {
+     strmap_iter_get(iter, &key, &val_);
+     val = val_;
+     if (val->expires >= min_expires && val->expires <= max_expires) {
+       if (!sl) {
+         iter = strmap_iter_next_rmv(addressmap,iter);
+         addressmap_ent_remove(key, val);
+         continue;
+       } else if (val->new_address) {
+         const char *src_wc = val->src_wildcard ? "*." : "";
+         const char *dst_wc = val->dst_wildcard ? "*." : "";
+         if (want_expiry) {
+           if (val->expires < 3 || val->expires == TIME_MAX)
+             smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s NEVER",
+                                    src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address);
+           else {
+             char time[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+             format_iso_time(time, val->expires);
+             smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s \"%s\"",
+                                    src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address,
+                                    time);
+           }
+         } else {
+           smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s",
+                                  src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address);
+         }
+       }
+     }
+     iter = strmap_iter_next(addressmap,iter);
+   }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/addressmap.h b/src/or/addressmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40210ee990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/addressmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#ifndef TOR_ADDRESSMAP_H
+#define TOR_ADDRESSMAP_H
+
+void addressmap_init(void);
+void addressmap_clear_excluded_trackexithosts(const or_options_t *options);
+void addressmap_clear_invalid_automaps(const or_options_t *options);
+void addressmap_clean(time_t now);
+void addressmap_clear_configured(void);
+void addressmap_clear_transient(void);
+void addressmap_free_all(void);
+#define AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS (1u<<0)
+#define AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS (1u<<1)
+int addressmap_rewrite(char *address, size_t maxlen, unsigned flags,
+                       time_t *expires_out,
+                       addressmap_entry_source_t *exit_source_out);
+int addressmap_rewrite_reverse(char *address, size_t maxlen, unsigned flags,
+                               time_t *expires_out);
+int addressmap_have_mapping(const char *address, int update_timeout);
+
+void addressmap_register(const char *address, char *new_address,
+                         time_t expires, addressmap_entry_source_t source,
+                         const int address_wildcard,
+                         const int new_address_wildcard);
+int parse_virtual_addr_network(const char *val,
+                               sa_family_t family, int validate_only,
+                               char **msg);
+int client_dns_incr_failures(const char *address);
+void client_dns_clear_failures(const char *address);
+void client_dns_set_addressmap(entry_connection_t *for_conn,
+                               const char *address, const tor_addr_t *val,
+                               const char *exitname, int ttl);
+const char *addressmap_register_virtual_address(int type, char *new_address);
+void addressmap_get_mappings(smartlist_t *sl, time_t min_expires,
+                             time_t max_expires, int want_expiry);
+int address_is_in_virtual_range(const char *addr);
+void clear_trackexithost_mappings(const char *exitname);
+void client_dns_set_reverse_addressmap(entry_connection_t *for_conn,
+                                       const char *address, const char *v,
+                                       const char *exitname, int ttl);
+int addressmap_address_should_automap(const char *address,
+                                      const or_options_t *options);
+
+#ifdef ADDRESSMAP_PRIVATE
+typedef struct virtual_addr_conf_t {
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  maskbits_t bits;
+} virtual_addr_conf_t;
+
+void get_random_virtual_addr(const virtual_addr_conf_t *conf,
+                             tor_addr_t *addr_out);
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/buffers.c b/src/or/buffers.c
index 9be0476f64..c4c847ec87 100644
--- a/src/or/buffers.c
+++ b/src/or/buffers.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  **/
 #define BUFFERS_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
@@ -193,8 +194,6 @@ chunk_new_with_alloc_size(size_t alloc)
       freelist->lowest_length = freelist->cur_length;
     ++freelist->n_hit;
   } else {
-    /* XXXX take advantage of tor_malloc_roundup, once we know how that
-     * affects freelists. */
     if (freelist)
       ++freelist->n_alloc;
     else
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ static INLINE chunk_t *
 chunk_new_with_alloc_size(size_t alloc)
 {
   chunk_t *ch;
-  ch = tor_malloc_roundup(&alloc);
+  ch = tor_malloc(alloc);
   ch->next = NULL;
   ch->datalen = 0;
   ch->memlen = CHUNK_SIZE_WITH_ALLOC(alloc);
@@ -337,11 +336,11 @@ buf_dump_freelist_sizes(int severity)
 {
 #ifdef ENABLE_BUF_FREELISTS
   int i;
-  log(severity, LD_MM, "====== Buffer freelists:");
+  tor_log(severity, LD_MM, "====== Buffer freelists:");
   for (i = 0; freelists[i].alloc_size; ++i) {
     uint64_t total = ((uint64_t)freelists[i].cur_length) *
       freelists[i].alloc_size;
-    log(severity, LD_MM,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_MM,
         U64_FORMAT" bytes in %d %d-byte chunks ["U64_FORMAT
         " misses; "U64_FORMAT" frees; "U64_FORMAT" hits]",
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(total),
@@ -350,7 +349,7 @@ buf_dump_freelist_sizes(int severity)
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(freelists[i].n_free),
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(freelists[i].n_hit));
   }
-  log(severity, LD_MM, U64_FORMAT" allocations in non-freelist sizes",
+  tor_log(severity, LD_MM, U64_FORMAT" allocations in non-freelist sizes",
       U64_PRINTF_ARG(n_freelist_miss));
 #else
   (void)severity;
@@ -1047,28 +1046,34 @@ cell_command_is_var_length(uint8_t command, int linkproto)
 int
 fetch_var_cell_from_buf(buf_t *buf, var_cell_t **out, int linkproto)
 {
-  char hdr[VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE];
+  char hdr[VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE];
   var_cell_t *result;
   uint8_t command;
   uint16_t length;
+  const int wide_circ_ids = linkproto >= MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS;
+  const int circ_id_len = get_circ_id_size(wide_circ_ids);
+  const unsigned header_len = get_var_cell_header_size(wide_circ_ids);
   check();
   *out = NULL;
-  if (buf->datalen < VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE)
+  if (buf->datalen < header_len)
     return 0;
-  peek_from_buf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), buf);
+  peek_from_buf(hdr, header_len, buf);
 
-  command = get_uint8(hdr+2);
+  command = get_uint8(hdr + circ_id_len);
   if (!(cell_command_is_var_length(command, linkproto)))
     return 0;
 
-  length = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr+3));
-  if (buf->datalen < (size_t)(VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE+length))
+  length = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr + circ_id_len + 1));
+  if (buf->datalen < (size_t)(header_len+length))
     return 1;
   result = var_cell_new(length);
   result->command = command;
-  result->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr));
+  if (wide_circ_ids)
+    result->circ_id = ntohl(get_uint32(hdr));
+  else
+    result->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr));
 
-  buf_remove_from_front(buf, VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE);
+  buf_remove_from_front(buf, header_len);
   peek_from_buf((char*) result->payload, length, buf);
   buf_remove_from_front(buf, length);
   check();
@@ -1127,30 +1132,36 @@ fetch_var_cell_from_evbuffer(struct evbuffer *buf, var_cell_t **out,
   uint16_t cell_length;
   var_cell_t *cell;
   int result = 0;
+  const int wide_circ_ids = linkproto >= MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS;
+  const int circ_id_len = get_circ_id_size(wide_circ_ids);
+  const unsigned header_len = get_var_cell_header_size(wide_circ_ids);
 
   *out = NULL;
   buf_len = evbuffer_get_length(buf);
-  if (buf_len < VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE)
+  if (buf_len < header_len)
     return 0;
 
-  n = inspect_evbuffer(buf, &hdr, VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE, &free_hdr, NULL);
-  tor_assert(n >= VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE);
+  n = inspect_evbuffer(buf, &hdr, header_len, &free_hdr, NULL);
+  tor_assert(n >= header_len);
 
-  command = get_uint8(hdr+2);
+  command = get_uint8(hdr + circ_id_len);
   if (!(cell_command_is_var_length(command, linkproto))) {
     goto done;
   }
 
-  cell_length = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr+3));
-  if (buf_len < (size_t)(VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE+cell_length)) {
+  cell_length = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr + circ_id_len + 1));
+  if (buf_len < (size_t)(header_len+cell_length)) {
     result = 1; /* Not all here yet. */
     goto done;
   }
 
   cell = var_cell_new(cell_length);
   cell->command = command;
-  cell->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr));
-  evbuffer_drain(buf, VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE);
+  if (wide_circ_ids)
+    cell->circ_id = ntohl(get_uint32(hdr));
+  else
+    cell->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(hdr));
+  evbuffer_drain(buf, header_len);
   evbuffer_remove(buf, cell->payload, cell_length);
   *out = cell;
   result = 1;
@@ -1507,22 +1518,19 @@ log_unsafe_socks_warning(int socks_protocol, const char *address,
   static ratelim_t socks_ratelim = RATELIM_INIT(SOCKS_WARN_INTERVAL);
 
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  char *m = NULL;
   if (! options->WarnUnsafeSocks)
     return;
-  if (safe_socks || (m = rate_limit_log(&socks_ratelim, approx_time()))) {
-    log_warn(LD_APP,
+  if (safe_socks) {
+    log_fn_ratelim(&socks_ratelim, LOG_WARN, LD_APP,
              "Your application (using socks%d to port %d) is giving "
              "Tor only an IP address. Applications that do DNS resolves "
              "themselves may leak information. Consider using Socks4A "
              "(e.g. via privoxy or socat) instead. For more information, "
              "please see https://wiki.torproject.org/TheOnionRouter/"
-             "TorFAQ#SOCKSAndDNS.%s%s",
+             "TorFAQ#SOCKSAndDNS.%s",
              socks_protocol,
              (int)port,
-             safe_socks ? " Rejecting." : "",
-             m ? m : "");
-    tor_free(m);
+             safe_socks ? " Rejecting." : "");
   }
   control_event_client_status(LOG_WARN,
                               "DANGEROUS_SOCKS PROTOCOL=SOCKS%d ADDRESS=%s:%d",
@@ -1743,7 +1751,7 @@ parse_socks(const char *data, size_t datalen, socks_request_t *req,
         return 0;
       }
       req->replylen = 2; /* 2 bytes of response */
-      req->reply[0] = 5;
+      req->reply[0] = 1; /* authversion == 1 */
       req->reply[1] = 0; /* authentication successful */
       log_debug(LD_APP,
                "socks5: Accepted username/password without checking.");
@@ -1774,6 +1782,7 @@ parse_socks(const char *data, size_t datalen, socks_request_t *req,
 
       if (req->socks_version != 5) { /* we need to negotiate a method */
         unsigned char nummethods = (unsigned char)*(data+1);
+        int have_user_pass, have_no_auth;
         int r=0;
         tor_assert(!req->socks_version);
         if (datalen < 2u+nummethods) {
@@ -1784,19 +1793,21 @@ parse_socks(const char *data, size_t datalen, socks_request_t *req,
           return -1;
         req->replylen = 2; /* 2 bytes of response */
         req->reply[0] = 5; /* socks5 reply */
-        if (memchr(data+2, SOCKS_NO_AUTH, nummethods)) {
-          req->reply[1] = SOCKS_NO_AUTH; /* tell client to use "none" auth
-                                            method */
-          req->socks_version = 5; /* remember we've already negotiated auth */
-          log_debug(LD_APP,"socks5: accepted method 0 (no authentication)");
-          r=0;
-        } else if (memchr(data+2, SOCKS_USER_PASS, nummethods)) {
+        have_user_pass = (memchr(data+2, SOCKS_USER_PASS, nummethods) !=NULL);
+        have_no_auth   = (memchr(data+2, SOCKS_NO_AUTH,   nummethods) !=NULL);
+        if (have_user_pass && !(have_no_auth && req->socks_prefer_no_auth)) {
           req->auth_type = SOCKS_USER_PASS;
           req->reply[1] = SOCKS_USER_PASS; /* tell client to use "user/pass"
                                               auth method */
           req->socks_version = 5; /* remember we've already negotiated auth */
           log_debug(LD_APP,"socks5: accepted method 2 (username/password)");
           r=0;
+        } else if (have_no_auth) {
+          req->reply[1] = SOCKS_NO_AUTH; /* tell client to use "none" auth
+                                            method */
+          req->socks_version = 5; /* remember we've already negotiated auth */
+          log_debug(LD_APP,"socks5: accepted method 0 (no authentication)");
+          r=0;
         } else {
           log_warn(LD_APP,
                     "socks5: offered methods don't include 'no auth' or "
diff --git a/src/or/buffers.h b/src/or/buffers.h
index a5886adc7a..c947f0ba98 100644
--- a/src/or/buffers.h
+++ b/src/or/buffers.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for buffers.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_BUFFERS_H
-#define _TOR_BUFFERS_H
+#ifndef TOR_BUFFERS_H
+#define TOR_BUFFERS_H
 
 buf_t *buf_new(void);
 buf_t *buf_new_with_capacity(size_t size);
diff --git a/src/or/channel.c b/src/or/channel.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1270eace7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/channel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4132 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file channel.c
+ * \brief OR-to-OR channel abstraction layer
+ **/
+
+/*
+ * Define this so channel.h gives us things only channel_t subclasses
+ * should touch.
+ */
+
+#define TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
+#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
+#include "connection_or.h" /* For var_cell_free() */
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
+#include "geoip.h"
+#include "nodelist.h"
+#include "relay.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "routerlist.h"
+
+/* Cell queue structure */
+
+typedef struct cell_queue_entry_s cell_queue_entry_t;
+struct cell_queue_entry_s {
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(cell_queue_entry_s) next;
+  enum {
+    CELL_QUEUE_FIXED,
+    CELL_QUEUE_VAR,
+    CELL_QUEUE_PACKED
+  } type;
+  union {
+    struct {
+      cell_t *cell;
+    } fixed;
+    struct {
+      var_cell_t *var_cell;
+    } var;
+    struct {
+      packed_cell_t *packed_cell;
+    } packed;
+  } u;
+};
+
+/* Global lists of channels */
+
+/* All channel_t instances */
+static smartlist_t *all_channels = NULL;
+
+/* All channel_t instances not in ERROR or CLOSED states */
+static smartlist_t *active_channels = NULL;
+
+/* All channel_t instances in ERROR or CLOSED states */
+static smartlist_t *finished_channels = NULL;
+
+/* All channel_listener_t instances */
+static smartlist_t *all_listeners = NULL;
+
+/* All channel_listener_t instances in LISTENING state */
+static smartlist_t *active_listeners = NULL;
+
+/* All channel_listener_t instances in LISTENING state */
+static smartlist_t *finished_listeners = NULL;
+
+/* Counter for ID numbers */
+static uint64_t n_channels_allocated = 0;
+
+/* Digest->channel map
+ *
+ * Similar to the one used in connection_or.c, this maps from the identity
+ * digest of a remote endpoint to a channel_t to that endpoint.  Channels
+ * should be placed here when registered and removed when they close or error.
+ * If more than one channel exists, follow the next_with_same_id pointer
+ * as a linked list.
+ */
+HT_HEAD(channel_idmap, channel_idmap_entry_s) channel_identity_map =
+  HT_INITIALIZER();
+
+typedef struct channel_idmap_entry_s {
+  HT_ENTRY(channel_idmap_entry_s) node;
+  uint8_t digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+  TOR_LIST_HEAD(channel_list_s, channel_s) channel_list;
+} channel_idmap_entry_t;
+
+static INLINE unsigned
+channel_idmap_hash(const channel_idmap_entry_t *ent)
+{
+  const unsigned *a = (const unsigned *)ent->digest;
+#if SIZEOF_INT == 4
+  return a[0] ^ a[1] ^ a[2] ^ a[3] ^ a[4];
+#elif SIZEOF_INT == 8
+  return a[0] ^ a[1];
+#endif
+}
+
+static INLINE int
+channel_idmap_eq(const channel_idmap_entry_t *a,
+                  const channel_idmap_entry_t *b)
+{
+  return tor_memeq(a->digest, b->digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+}
+
+HT_PROTOTYPE(channel_idmap, channel_idmap_entry_s, node, channel_idmap_hash,
+             channel_idmap_eq);
+HT_GENERATE(channel_idmap, channel_idmap_entry_s, node, channel_idmap_hash,
+            channel_idmap_eq, 0.5, tor_malloc, tor_realloc, tor_free_);
+
+static cell_queue_entry_t * cell_queue_entry_dup(cell_queue_entry_t *q);
+static void cell_queue_entry_free(cell_queue_entry_t *q, int handed_off);
+static int cell_queue_entry_is_padding(cell_queue_entry_t *q);
+static cell_queue_entry_t *
+cell_queue_entry_new_fixed(cell_t *cell);
+static cell_queue_entry_t *
+cell_queue_entry_new_var(var_cell_t *var_cell);
+
+/* Functions to maintain the digest map */
+static void channel_add_to_digest_map(channel_t *chan);
+static void channel_remove_from_digest_map(channel_t *chan);
+
+/*
+ * Flush cells from just the outgoing queue without trying to get them
+ * from circuits; used internall by channel_flush_some_cells().
+ */
+static ssize_t
+channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue(channel_t *chan,
+                                             ssize_t num_cells);
+static void channel_force_free(channel_t *chan);
+static void
+channel_free_list(smartlist_t *channels, int mark_for_close);
+static void
+channel_listener_free_list(smartlist_t *channels, int mark_for_close);
+static void channel_listener_force_free(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+static void
+channel_write_cell_queue_entry(channel_t *chan, cell_queue_entry_t *q);
+
+/***********************************
+ * Channel state utility functions *
+ **********************************/
+
+/**
+ * Indicate whether a given channel state is valid
+ */
+
+int
+channel_state_is_valid(channel_state_t state)
+{
+  int is_valid;
+
+  switch (state) {
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED:
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING:
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR:
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT:
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING:
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN:
+      is_valid = 1;
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      is_valid = 0;
+  }
+
+  return is_valid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Indicate whether a given channel listener state is valid
+ */
+
+int
+channel_listener_state_is_valid(channel_listener_state_t state)
+{
+  int is_valid;
+
+  switch (state) {
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED:
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING:
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING:
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR:
+      is_valid = 1;
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      is_valid = 0;
+  }
+
+  return is_valid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Indicate whether a channel state transition is valid
+ *
+ * This function takes two channel states and indicates whether a
+ * transition between them is permitted (see the state definitions and
+ * transition table in or.h at the channel_state_t typedef).
+ */
+
+int
+channel_state_can_transition(channel_state_t from, channel_state_t to)
+{
+  int is_valid;
+
+  switch (from) {
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR:
+      is_valid = 0;
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      is_valid = 0;
+  }
+
+  return is_valid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Indicate whether a channel listener state transition is valid
+ *
+ * This function takes two channel listener states and indicates whether a
+ * transition between them is permitted (see the state definitions and
+ * transition table in or.h at the channel_listener_state_t typedef).
+ */
+
+int
+channel_listener_state_can_transition(channel_listener_state_t from,
+                                      channel_listener_state_t to)
+{
+  int is_valid;
+
+  switch (from) {
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR:
+      is_valid = 0;
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING:
+      is_valid = (to == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                  to == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      is_valid = 0;
+  }
+
+  return is_valid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return a human-readable description for a channel state
+ */
+
+const char *
+channel_state_to_string(channel_state_t state)
+{
+  const char *descr;
+
+  switch (state) {
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED:
+      descr = "closed";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING:
+      descr = "closing";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR:
+      descr = "channel error";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT:
+      descr = "temporarily suspended for maintenance";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING:
+      descr = "opening";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN:
+      descr = "open";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      descr = "unknown or invalid channel state";
+  }
+
+  return descr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return a human-readable description for a channel listenier state
+ */
+
+const char *
+channel_listener_state_to_string(channel_listener_state_t state)
+{
+  const char *descr;
+
+  switch (state) {
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED:
+      descr = "closed";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING:
+      descr = "closing";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR:
+      descr = "channel listener error";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING:
+      descr = "listening";
+      break;
+    case CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LAST:
+    default:
+      descr = "unknown or invalid channel listener state";
+  }
+
+  return descr;
+}
+
+/***************************************
+ * Channel registration/unregistration *
+ ***************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Register a channel
+ *
+ * This function registers a newly created channel in the global lists/maps
+ * of active channels.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_register(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* No-op if already registered */
+  if (chan->registered) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Registering channel %p (ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "in state %s (%d) with digest %s",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+            channel_state_to_string(chan->state), chan->state,
+            hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+
+  /* Make sure we have all_channels, then add it */
+  if (!all_channels) all_channels = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_add(all_channels, chan);
+
+  /* Is it finished? */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Put it in the finished list, creating it if necessary */
+    if (!finished_channels) finished_channels = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(finished_channels, chan);
+  } else {
+    /* Put it in the active list, creating it if necessary */
+    if (!active_channels) active_channels = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(active_channels, chan);
+
+    if (chan->state != CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING) {
+      /* It should have a digest set */
+      if (!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest)) {
+        /* Yeah, we're good, add it to the map */
+        channel_add_to_digest_map(chan);
+      } else {
+        log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+                "Channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+                "in state %s (%d) registered with no identity digest",
+                chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+                channel_state_to_string(chan->state), chan->state);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Mark it as registered */
+  chan->registered = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unregister a channel
+ *
+ * This function removes a channel from the global lists and maps and is used
+ * when freeing a closed/errored channel.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_unregister(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* No-op if not registered */
+  if (!(chan->registered)) return;
+
+  /* Is it finished? */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Get it out of the finished list */
+    if (finished_channels) smartlist_remove(finished_channels, chan);
+  } else {
+    /* Get it out of the active list */
+    if (active_channels) smartlist_remove(active_channels, chan);
+  }
+
+  /* Get it out of all_channels */
+ if (all_channels) smartlist_remove(all_channels, chan);
+
+  /* Mark it as unregistered */
+  chan->registered = 0;
+
+  /* Should it be in the digest map? */
+  if (!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest) &&
+      !(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+    /* Remove it */
+    channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Register a channel listener
+ *
+ * This function registers a newly created channel listner in the global
+ * lists/maps of active channel listeners.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_register(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  /* No-op if already registered */
+  if (chan_l->registered) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Registering channel listener %p (ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "in state %s (%d)",
+            chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+            channel_listener_state_to_string(chan_l->state),
+            chan_l->state);
+
+  /* Make sure we have all_channels, then add it */
+  if (!all_listeners) all_listeners = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_add(all_listeners, chan_l);
+
+  /* Is it finished? */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Put it in the finished list, creating it if necessary */
+    if (!finished_listeners) finished_listeners = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(finished_listeners, chan_l);
+  } else {
+    /* Put it in the active list, creating it if necessary */
+    if (!active_listeners) active_listeners = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(active_listeners, chan_l);
+  }
+
+  /* Mark it as registered */
+  chan_l->registered = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unregister a channel listener
+ *
+ * This function removes a channel listener from the global lists and maps
+ * and is used when freeing a closed/errored channel listener.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_unregister(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  /* No-op if not registered */
+  if (!(chan_l->registered)) return;
+
+  /* Is it finished? */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Get it out of the finished list */
+    if (finished_listeners) smartlist_remove(finished_listeners, chan_l);
+  } else {
+    /* Get it out of the active list */
+    if (active_listeners) smartlist_remove(active_listeners, chan_l);
+  }
+
+  /* Get it out of all_channels */
+ if (all_listeners) smartlist_remove(all_listeners, chan_l);
+
+  /* Mark it as unregistered */
+  chan_l->registered = 0;
+}
+
+/*********************************
+ * Channel digest map maintenance
+ *********************************/
+
+/**
+ * Add a channel to the digest map
+ *
+ * This function adds a channel to the digest map and inserts it into the
+ * correct linked list if channels with that remote endpoint identity digest
+ * already exist.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_add_to_digest_map(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  channel_idmap_entry_t *ent, search;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* Assert that the state makes sense */
+  tor_assert(!(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+               chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+               chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR));
+
+  /* Assert that there is a digest */
+  tor_assert(!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest));
+
+  memcpy(search.digest, chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  ent = HT_FIND(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map, &search);
+  if (! ent) {
+    ent = tor_malloc(sizeof(channel_idmap_entry_t));
+    memcpy(ent->digest, chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+    TOR_LIST_INIT(&ent->channel_list);
+    HT_INSERT(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map, ent);
+  }
+  TOR_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&ent->channel_list, chan, next_with_same_id);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Added channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "to identity map in state %s (%d) with digest %s",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+            channel_state_to_string(chan->state), chan->state,
+            hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove a channel from the digest map
+ *
+ * This function removes a channel from the digest map and the linked list of
+ * channels for that digest if more than one exists.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_remove_from_digest_map(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  channel_idmap_entry_t *ent, search;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* Assert that there is a digest */
+  tor_assert(!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest));
+
+#if 0
+  /* Make sure we have a map */
+  if (!channel_identity_map) {
+    /*
+     * No identity map, so we can't find it by definition.  This
+     * case is similar to digestmap_get() failing below.
+     */
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Trying to remove channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+             "with digest %s from identity map, but didn't have any identity "
+             "map",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+             hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+    /* Clear out its next/prev pointers */
+    if (chan->next_with_same_id) {
+      chan->next_with_same_id->prev_with_same_id = chan->prev_with_same_id;
+    }
+    if (chan->prev_with_same_id) {
+      chan->prev_with_same_id->next_with_same_id = chan->next_with_same_id;
+    }
+    chan->next_with_same_id = NULL;
+    chan->prev_with_same_id = NULL;
+
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /* Pull it out of its list, wherever that list is */
+  TOR_LIST_REMOVE(chan, next_with_same_id);
+
+  memcpy(search.digest, chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  ent = HT_FIND(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map, &search);
+
+  /* Look for it in the map */
+  if (ent) {
+    /* Okay, it's here */
+
+    if (TOR_LIST_EMPTY(&ent->channel_list)) {
+      HT_REMOVE(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map, ent);
+      tor_free(ent);
+    }
+
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Removed channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") from "
+              "identity map in state %s (%d) with digest %s",
+              chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+              channel_state_to_string(chan->state), chan->state,
+              hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+  } else {
+    /* Shouldn't happen */
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Trying to remove channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") with "
+             "digest %s from identity map, but couldn't find any with "
+             "that digest",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+             hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+  }
+}
+
+/****************************
+ * Channel lookup functions *
+ ***************************/
+
+/**
+ * Find channel by global ID
+ *
+ * This function searches for a channel by the global_identifier assigned
+ * at initialization time.  This identifier is unique for the lifetime of the
+ * Tor process.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_find_by_global_id(uint64_t global_identifier)
+{
+  channel_t *rv = NULL;
+
+  if (all_channels && smartlist_len(all_channels) > 0) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(all_channels, channel_t *, curr) {
+      if (curr->global_identifier == global_identifier) {
+        rv = curr;
+        break;
+      }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find channel by digest of the remote endpoint
+ *
+ * This function looks up a channel by the digest of its remote endpoint in
+ * the channel digest map.  It's possible that more than one channel to a
+ * given endpoint exists.  Use channel_next_with_digest() to walk the list.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_find_by_remote_digest(const char *identity_digest)
+{
+  channel_t *rv = NULL;
+  channel_idmap_entry_t *ent, search;
+
+  tor_assert(identity_digest);
+
+  memcpy(search.digest, identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  ent = HT_FIND(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map, &search);
+  if (ent) {
+    rv = TOR_LIST_FIRST(&ent->channel_list);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get next channel with digest
+ *
+ * This function takes a channel and finds the next channel in the list
+ * with the same digest.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_next_with_digest(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return TOR_LIST_NEXT(chan, next_with_same_id);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a channel
+ *
+ * This function should be called by subclasses to set up some per-channel
+ * variables.  I.e., this is the superclass constructor.  Before this, the
+ * channel should be allocated with tor_malloc_zero().
+ */
+
+void
+channel_init(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* Assign an ID and bump the counter */
+  chan->global_identifier = n_channels_allocated++;
+
+  /* Init timestamp */
+  chan->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = time(NULL);
+
+  /* Init next_circ_id */
+  chan->next_circ_id = crypto_rand_int(1 << 15);
+
+  /* Initialize queues. */
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_INIT(&chan->incoming_queue);
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_INIT(&chan->outgoing_queue);
+
+  /* Initialize list entries. */
+  memset(&chan->next_with_same_id, 0, sizeof(chan->next_with_same_id));
+
+  /* Timestamp it */
+  channel_timestamp_created(chan);
+
+  /* It hasn't been open yet. */
+  chan->has_been_open = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a channel listener
+ *
+ * This function should be called by subclasses to set up some per-channel
+ * variables.  I.e., this is the superclass constructor.  Before this, the
+ * channel listener should be allocated with tor_malloc_zero().
+ */
+
+void
+channel_init_listener(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  /* Assign an ID and bump the counter */
+  chan_l->global_identifier = n_channels_allocated++;
+
+  /* Timestamp it */
+  channel_listener_timestamp_created(chan_l);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a channel; nothing outside of channel.c and subclasses should call
+ * this - it frees channels after they have closed and been unregistered.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_free(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  if (!chan) return;
+
+  /* It must be closed or errored */
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+  /* It must be deregistered */
+  tor_assert(!(chan->registered));
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Freeing channel " U64_FORMAT " at %p",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan);
+
+  /*
+   * Get rid of cmux policy before we do anything, so cmux policies don't
+   * see channels in weird half-freed states.
+   */
+  if (chan->cmux) {
+    circuitmux_set_policy(chan->cmux, NULL);
+  }
+
+  /* Call a free method if there is one */
+  if (chan->free) chan->free(chan);
+
+  channel_clear_remote_end(chan);
+
+  /* Get rid of cmux */
+  if (chan->cmux) {
+    circuitmux_detach_all_circuits(chan->cmux);
+    circuitmux_free(chan->cmux);
+    chan->cmux = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* We're in CLOSED or ERROR, so the cell queue is already empty */
+
+  tor_free(chan);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a channel listener; nothing outside of channel.c and subclasses
+ * should call this - it frees channel listeners after they have closed and
+ * been unregistered.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_free(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  if (!chan_l) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Freeing channel_listener_t " U64_FORMAT " at %p",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+            chan_l);
+
+  /* It must be closed or errored */
+  tor_assert(chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+             chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+  /* It must be deregistered */
+  tor_assert(!(chan_l->registered));
+
+  /* Call a free method if there is one */
+  if (chan_l->free) chan_l->free(chan_l);
+
+  /*
+   * We're in CLOSED or ERROR, so the incoming channel queue is already
+   * empty.
+   */
+
+  tor_free(chan_l);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a channel and skip the state/registration asserts; this internal-
+ * use-only function should be called only from channel_free_all() when
+ * shutting down the Tor process.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_force_free(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t *cell, *cell_tmp;
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Force-freeing channel " U64_FORMAT " at %p",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan);
+
+  /*
+   * Get rid of cmux policy before we do anything, so cmux policies don't
+   * see channels in weird half-freed states.
+   */
+  if (chan->cmux) {
+    circuitmux_set_policy(chan->cmux, NULL);
+  }
+
+  /* Call a free method if there is one */
+  if (chan->free) chan->free(chan);
+
+  channel_clear_remote_end(chan);
+
+  /* Get rid of cmux */
+  if (chan->cmux) {
+    circuitmux_free(chan->cmux);
+    chan->cmux = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* We might still have a cell queue; kill it */
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cell, &chan->incoming_queue, next, cell_tmp) {
+      cell_queue_entry_free(cell, 0);
+  }
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_INIT(&chan->incoming_queue);
+
+  /* Outgoing cell queue is similar, but we can have to free packed cells */
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cell, &chan->outgoing_queue, next, cell_tmp) {
+    cell_queue_entry_free(cell, 0);
+  }
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_INIT(&chan->outgoing_queue);
+
+  tor_free(chan);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a channel listener and skip the state/reigstration asserts; this
+ * internal-use-only function should be called only from channel_free_all()
+ * when shutting down the Tor process.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_listener_force_free(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Force-freeing channel_listener_t " U64_FORMAT " at %p",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+            chan_l);
+
+  /* Call a free method if there is one */
+  if (chan_l->free) chan_l->free(chan_l);
+
+  /*
+   * The incoming list just gets emptied and freed; we request close on
+   * any channels we find there, but since we got called while shutting
+   * down they will get deregistered and freed elsewhere anyway.
+   */
+  if (chan_l->incoming_list) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(chan_l->incoming_list,
+                            channel_t *, qchan) {
+      channel_mark_for_close(qchan);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(qchan);
+
+    smartlist_free(chan_l->incoming_list);
+    chan_l->incoming_list = NULL;
+  }
+
+  tor_free(chan_l);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the current registered listener for a channel listener
+ *
+ * This function returns a function pointer to the current registered
+ * handler for new incoming channels on a channel listener.
+ */
+
+channel_listener_fn_ptr
+channel_listener_get_listener_fn(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING)
+    return chan_l->listener;
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the listener for a channel listener
+ *
+ * This function sets the handler for new incoming channels on a channel
+ * listener.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_set_listener_fn(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                                channel_listener_fn_ptr listener)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+  tor_assert(chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+           "Setting listener callback for channel listener %p "
+           "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ") to %p",
+           chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+           listener);
+
+  chan_l->listener = listener;
+  if (chan_l->listener) channel_listener_process_incoming(chan_l);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the fixed-length cell handler for a channel
+ *
+ * This function gets the handler for incoming fixed-length cells installed
+ * on a channel.
+ */
+
+channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr
+channel_get_cell_handler(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT)
+    return chan->cell_handler;
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the variable-length cell handler for a channel
+ *
+ * This function gets the handler for incoming variable-length cells
+ * installed on a channel.
+ */
+
+channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr
+channel_get_var_cell_handler(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT)
+    return chan->var_cell_handler;
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set both cell handlers for a channel
+ *
+ * This function sets both the fixed-length and variable length cell handlers
+ * for a channel and processes any incoming cells that had been blocked in the
+ * queue because none were available.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_set_cell_handlers(channel_t *chan,
+                          channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr cell_handler,
+                          channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr
+                            var_cell_handler)
+{
+  int try_again = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+           "Setting cell_handler callback for channel %p to %p",
+           chan, cell_handler);
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+           "Setting var_cell_handler callback for channel %p to %p",
+           chan, var_cell_handler);
+
+  /* Should we try the queue? */
+  if (cell_handler &&
+      cell_handler != chan->cell_handler) try_again = 1;
+  if (var_cell_handler &&
+      var_cell_handler != chan->var_cell_handler) try_again = 1;
+
+  /* Change them */
+  chan->cell_handler = cell_handler;
+  chan->var_cell_handler = var_cell_handler;
+
+  /* Re-run the queue if we have one and there's any reason to */
+  if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue) &&
+      try_again &&
+      (chan->cell_handler ||
+       chan->var_cell_handler)) channel_process_cells(chan);
+}
+
+/*
+ * On closing channels
+ *
+ * There are three functions that close channels, for use in
+ * different circumstances:
+ *
+ *  - Use channel_mark_for_close() for most cases
+ *  - Use channel_close_from_lower_layer() if you are connection_or.c
+ *    and the other end closes the underlying connection.
+ *  - Use channel_close_for_error() if you are connection_or.c and
+ *    some sort of error has occurred.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Mark a channel for closure
+ *
+ * This function tries to close a channel_t; it will go into the CLOSING
+ * state, and eventually the lower layer should put it into the CLOSED or
+ * ERROR state.  Then, channel_run_cleanup() will eventually free it.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_for_close(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan != NULL);
+  tor_assert(chan->close != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "by request",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Note closing by request from above */
+  chan->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_CLOSE_REQUESTED;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING);
+
+  /* Tell the lower layer */
+  chan->close(chan);
+
+  /*
+   * It's up to the lower layer to change state to CLOSED or ERROR when we're
+   * ready; we'll try to free channels that are in the finished list from
+   * channel_run_cleanup().  The lower layer should do this by calling
+   * channel_closed().
+   */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a channel listener for closure
+ *
+ * This function tries to close a channel_listener_t; it will go into the
+ * CLOSING state, and eventually the lower layer should put it into the CLOSED
+ * or ERROR state.  Then, channel_run_cleanup() will eventually free it.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_mark_for_close(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l != NULL);
+  tor_assert(chan_l->close != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "by request",
+            chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Note closing by request from above */
+  chan_l->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_REQUESTED;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING);
+
+  /* Tell the lower layer */
+  chan_l->close(chan_l);
+
+  /*
+   * It's up to the lower layer to change state to CLOSED or ERROR when we're
+   * ready; we'll try to free channels that are in the finished list from
+   * channel_run_cleanup().  The lower layer should do this by calling
+   * channel_listener_closed().
+   */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Close a channel from the lower layer
+ *
+ * Notify the channel code that the channel is being closed due to a non-error
+ * condition in the lower layer.  This does not call the close() method, since
+ * the lower layer already knows.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_close_from_lower_layer(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "due to lower-layer event",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Note closing by event from below */
+  chan->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_CLOSE_FROM_BELOW;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Close a channel listener from the lower layer
+ *
+ * Notify the channel code that the channel listener is being closed due to a
+ * non-error condition in the lower layer.  This does not call the close()
+ * method, since the lower layer already knows.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_close_from_lower_layer(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "due to lower-layer event",
+            chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Note closing by event from below */
+  chan_l->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_FROM_BELOW;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify that the channel is being closed due to an error condition
+ *
+ * This function is called by the lower layer implementing the transport
+ * when a channel must be closed due to an error condition.  This does not
+ * call the channel's close method, since the lower layer already knows.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_close_for_error(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel %p due to lower-layer error",
+            chan);
+
+  /* Note closing by event from below */
+  chan->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify that the channel listener is being closed due to an error condition
+ *
+ * This function is called by the lower layer implementing the transport
+ * when a channel listener must be closed due to an error condition.  This
+ * does not call the channel listener's close method, since the lower layer
+ * already knows.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_close_for_error(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l != NULL);
+
+  /* If it's already in CLOSING, CLOSED or ERROR, this is a no-op */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Closing channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+            "due to lower-layer error",
+            chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Note closing by event from below */
+  chan_l->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR;
+
+  /* Change state to CLOSING */
+  channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify that the lower layer is finished closing the channel
+ *
+ * This function should be called by the lower layer when a channel
+ * is finished closing and it should be regarded as inactive and
+ * freed by the channel code.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_closed(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+
+  /* No-op if already inactive */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  /* Inform any pending (not attached) circs that they should
+   * give up. */
+  if (! chan->has_been_open)
+    circuit_n_chan_done(chan, 0);
+
+  /* Now close all the attached circuits on it. */
+  circuit_unlink_all_from_channel(chan, END_CIRC_REASON_CHANNEL_CLOSED);
+
+  if (chan->reason_for_closing != CHANNEL_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR) {
+    channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED);
+  } else {
+    channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify that the lower layer is finished closing the channel listener
+ *
+ * This function should be called by the lower layer when a channel listener
+ * is finished closing and it should be regarded as inactive and
+ * freed by the channel code.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_closed(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+  tor_assert(chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+             chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+             chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+
+  /* No-op if already inactive */
+  if (chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) return;
+
+  if (chan_l->reason_for_closing != CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR) {
+    channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED);
+  } else {
+    channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear the identity_digest of a channel
+ *
+ * This function clears the identity digest of the remote endpoint for a
+ * channel; this is intended for use by the lower layer.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_clear_identity_digest(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  int state_not_in_map;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Clearing remote endpoint digest on channel %p with "
+            "global ID " U64_FORMAT,
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  state_not_in_map =
+    (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+
+  if (!state_not_in_map && chan->registered &&
+      !tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest))
+    /* if it's registered get it out of the digest map */
+    channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+
+  memset(chan->identity_digest, 0,
+         sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the identity_digest of a channel
+ *
+ * This function sets the identity digest of the remote endpoint for a
+ * channel; this is intended for use by the lower layer.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_set_identity_digest(channel_t *chan,
+                            const char *identity_digest)
+{
+  int was_in_digest_map, should_be_in_digest_map, state_not_in_map;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Setting remote endpoint digest on channel %p with "
+            "global ID " U64_FORMAT " to digest %s",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+            identity_digest ?
+              hex_str(identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN) : "(null)");
+
+  state_not_in_map =
+    (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+  was_in_digest_map =
+    !state_not_in_map &&
+    chan->registered &&
+    !tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest);
+  should_be_in_digest_map =
+    !state_not_in_map &&
+    chan->registered &&
+    (identity_digest &&
+     !tor_digest_is_zero(identity_digest));
+
+  if (was_in_digest_map)
+    /* We should always remove it; we'll add it back if we're writing
+     * in a new digest.
+     */
+    channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+
+  if (identity_digest) {
+    memcpy(chan->identity_digest,
+           identity_digest,
+           sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+  } else {
+    memset(chan->identity_digest, 0,
+           sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+  }
+
+  /* Put it in the digest map if we should */
+  if (should_be_in_digest_map)
+    channel_add_to_digest_map(chan);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear the remote end metadata (identity_digest/nickname) of a channel
+ *
+ * This function clears all the remote end info from a channel; this is
+ * intended for use by the lower layer.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_clear_remote_end(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  int state_not_in_map;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Clearing remote endpoint identity on channel %p with "
+            "global ID " U64_FORMAT,
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  state_not_in_map =
+    (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+
+  if (!state_not_in_map && chan->registered &&
+      !tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest))
+    /* if it's registered get it out of the digest map */
+    channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+
+  memset(chan->identity_digest, 0,
+         sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+  tor_free(chan->nickname);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the remote end metadata (identity_digest/nickname) of a channel
+ *
+ * This function sets new remote end info on a channel; this is intended
+ * for use by the lower layer.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_set_remote_end(channel_t *chan,
+                       const char *identity_digest,
+                       const char *nickname)
+{
+  int was_in_digest_map, should_be_in_digest_map, state_not_in_map;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Setting remote endpoint identity on channel %p with "
+            "global ID " U64_FORMAT " to nickname %s, digest %s",
+            chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+            nickname ? nickname : "(null)",
+            identity_digest ?
+              hex_str(identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN) : "(null)");
+
+  state_not_in_map =
+    (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+     chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+  was_in_digest_map =
+    !state_not_in_map &&
+    chan->registered &&
+    !tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest);
+  should_be_in_digest_map =
+    !state_not_in_map &&
+    chan->registered &&
+    (identity_digest &&
+     !tor_digest_is_zero(identity_digest));
+
+  if (was_in_digest_map)
+    /* We should always remove it; we'll add it back if we're writing
+     * in a new digest.
+     */
+    channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+
+  if (identity_digest) {
+    memcpy(chan->identity_digest,
+           identity_digest,
+           sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+
+  } else {
+    memset(chan->identity_digest, 0,
+           sizeof(chan->identity_digest));
+  }
+
+  tor_free(chan->nickname);
+  if (nickname)
+    chan->nickname = tor_strdup(nickname);
+
+  /* Put it in the digest map if we should */
+  if (should_be_in_digest_map)
+    channel_add_to_digest_map(chan);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Duplicate a cell queue entry; this is a shallow copy intended for use
+ * in channel_write_cell_queue_entry().
+ */
+
+static cell_queue_entry_t *
+cell_queue_entry_dup(cell_queue_entry_t *q)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t *rv = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(q);
+
+  rv = tor_malloc(sizeof(*rv));
+  memcpy(rv, q, sizeof(*rv));
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a cell_queue_entry_t; the handed_off parameter indicates whether
+ * the contents were passed to the lower layer (it is responsible for
+ * them) or not (we should free).
+ */
+
+static void
+cell_queue_entry_free(cell_queue_entry_t *q, int handed_off)
+{
+  if (!q) return;
+
+  if (!handed_off) {
+    /*
+     * If we handed it off, the recipient becomes responsible (or
+     * with packed cells the channel_t subclass calls packed_cell
+     * free after writing out its contents; see, e.g.,
+     * channel_tls_write_packed_cell_method().  Otherwise, we have
+     * to take care of it here if possible.
+     */
+    switch (q->type) {
+      case CELL_QUEUE_FIXED:
+        if (q->u.fixed.cell) {
+          /*
+           * There doesn't seem to be a cell_free() function anywhere in the
+           * pre-channel code; just use tor_free()
+           */
+          tor_free(q->u.fixed.cell);
+        }
+        break;
+      case CELL_QUEUE_PACKED:
+        if (q->u.packed.packed_cell) {
+          packed_cell_free(q->u.packed.packed_cell);
+        }
+        break;
+      case CELL_QUEUE_VAR:
+        if (q->u.var.var_cell) {
+          /*
+           * This one's in connection_or.c; it'd be nice to figure out the
+           * whole flow of cells from one end to the other and factor the
+           * cell memory management functions like this out of the specific
+           * TLS lower layer.
+           */
+          var_cell_free(q->u.var.var_cell);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        /*
+         * Nothing we can do if we don't know the type; this will
+         * have been warned about elsewhere.
+         */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  tor_free(q);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a cell queue entry is padding; this is a helper function
+ * for channel_write_cell_queue_entry()
+ */
+
+static int
+cell_queue_entry_is_padding(cell_queue_entry_t *q)
+{
+  tor_assert(q);
+
+  if (q->type == CELL_QUEUE_FIXED) {
+    if (q->u.fixed.cell) {
+      if (q->u.fixed.cell->command == CELL_PADDING ||
+          q->u.fixed.cell->command == CELL_VPADDING) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (q->type == CELL_QUEUE_VAR) {
+    if (q->u.var.var_cell) {
+      if (q->u.var.var_cell->command == CELL_PADDING ||
+          q->u.var.var_cell->command == CELL_VPADDING) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new cell queue entry for a fixed-size cell
+ */
+
+static cell_queue_entry_t *
+cell_queue_entry_new_fixed(cell_t *cell)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+
+  q = tor_malloc(sizeof(*q));
+  q->type = CELL_QUEUE_FIXED;
+  q->u.fixed.cell = cell;
+
+  return q;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new cell queue entry for a variable-size cell
+ */
+
+static cell_queue_entry_t *
+cell_queue_entry_new_var(var_cell_t *var_cell)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
+
+  q = tor_malloc(sizeof(*q));
+  q->type = CELL_QUEUE_VAR;
+  q->u.var.var_cell = var_cell;
+
+  return q;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write to a channel based on a cell_queue_entry_t
+ *
+ * Given a cell_queue_entry_t filled out by the caller, try to send the cell
+ * and queue it if we can't.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_write_cell_queue_entry(channel_t *chan, cell_queue_entry_t *q)
+{
+  int result = 0, sent = 0;
+  cell_queue_entry_t *tmp = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(q);
+
+  /* Assert that the state makes sense for a cell write */
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT);
+
+  /* Increment the timestamp unless it's padding */
+  if (!cell_queue_entry_is_padding(q)) {
+    chan->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = approx_time();
+  }
+
+  /* Can we send it right out?  If so, try */
+  if (TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->outgoing_queue) &&
+      chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+    /* Pick the right write function for this cell type and save the result */
+    switch (q->type) {
+      case CELL_QUEUE_FIXED:
+        tor_assert(chan->write_cell);
+        tor_assert(q->u.fixed.cell);
+        result = chan->write_cell(chan, q->u.fixed.cell);
+        break;
+      case CELL_QUEUE_PACKED:
+        tor_assert(chan->write_packed_cell);
+        tor_assert(q->u.packed.packed_cell);
+        result = chan->write_packed_cell(chan, q->u.packed.packed_cell);
+        break;
+      case CELL_QUEUE_VAR:
+        tor_assert(chan->write_var_cell);
+        tor_assert(q->u.var.var_cell);
+        result = chan->write_var_cell(chan, q->u.var.var_cell);
+        break;
+      default:
+        tor_assert(1);
+    }
+
+    /* Check if we got it out */
+    if (result > 0) {
+      sent = 1;
+      /* Timestamp for transmission */
+      channel_timestamp_xmit(chan);
+      /* If we're here the queue is empty, so it's drained too */
+      channel_timestamp_drained(chan);
+      /* Update the counter */
+      ++(chan->n_cells_xmitted);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!sent) {
+    /* Not sent, queue it */
+    /*
+     * We have to copy the queue entry passed in, since the caller probably
+     * used the stack.
+     */
+    tmp = cell_queue_entry_dup(q);
+    TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&chan->outgoing_queue, tmp, next);
+    /* Try to process the queue? */
+    if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) channel_flush_cells(chan);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a cell to a channel
+ *
+ * Write a fixed-length cell to a channel using the write_cell() method.
+ * This is equivalent to the pre-channels connection_or_write_cell_to_buf();
+ * it is called by the transport-independent code to deliver a cell to a
+ * channel for transmission.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_write_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t q;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(cell);
+
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING) {
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL, "Discarding cell_t %p on closing channel %p with "
+              "global ID "U64_FORMAT, cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    tor_free(cell);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Writing cell_t %p to channel %p with global ID "
+            U64_FORMAT,
+            cell, chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  q.type = CELL_QUEUE_FIXED;
+  q.u.fixed.cell = cell;
+  channel_write_cell_queue_entry(chan, &q);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a packed cell to a channel
+ *
+ * Write a packed cell to a channel using the write_cell() method.  This is
+ * called by the transport-independent code to deliver a packed cell to a
+ * channel for transmission.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_write_packed_cell(channel_t *chan, packed_cell_t *packed_cell)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t q;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(packed_cell);
+
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING) {
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL, "Discarding packed_cell_t %p on closing channel %p "
+              "with global ID "U64_FORMAT, packed_cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    packed_cell_free(packed_cell);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Writing packed_cell_t %p to channel %p with global ID "
+            U64_FORMAT,
+            packed_cell, chan,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  q.type = CELL_QUEUE_PACKED;
+  q.u.packed.packed_cell = packed_cell;
+  channel_write_cell_queue_entry(chan, &q);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a variable-length cell to a channel
+ *
+ * Write a variable-length cell to a channel using the write_cell() method.
+ * This is equivalent to the pre-channels
+ * connection_or_write_var_cell_to_buf(); it's called by the transport-
+ * independent code to deliver a var_cell to a channel for transmission.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_write_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *var_cell)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t q;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
+
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING) {
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL, "Discarding var_cell_t %p on closing channel %p "
+              "with global ID "U64_FORMAT, var_cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    var_cell_free(var_cell);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Writing var_cell_t %p to channel %p with global ID "
+            U64_FORMAT,
+            var_cell, chan,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  q.type = CELL_QUEUE_VAR;
+  q.u.var.var_cell = var_cell;
+  channel_write_cell_queue_entry(chan, &q);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Change channel state
+ *
+ * This internal and subclass use only function is used to change channel
+ * state, performing all transition validity checks and whatever actions
+ * are appropriate to the state transition in question.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_change_state(channel_t *chan, channel_state_t to_state)
+{
+  channel_state_t from_state;
+  unsigned char was_active, is_active;
+  unsigned char was_in_id_map, is_in_id_map;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  from_state = chan->state;
+
+  tor_assert(channel_state_is_valid(from_state));
+  tor_assert(channel_state_is_valid(to_state));
+  tor_assert(channel_state_can_transition(chan->state, to_state));
+
+  /* Check for no-op transitions */
+  if (from_state == to_state) {
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Got no-op transition from \"%s\" to itself on channel %p"
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              channel_state_to_string(to_state),
+              chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* If we're going to a closing or closed state, we must have a reason set */
+  if (to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) {
+    tor_assert(chan->reason_for_closing != CHANNEL_NOT_CLOSING);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * We need to maintain the queues here for some transitions:
+   * when we enter CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN (especially from CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT)
+   * we may have a backlog of cells to transmit, so drain the queues in
+   * that case, and when going to CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED the subclass
+   * should have made sure to finish sending things (or gone to
+   * CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR if not possible), so we assert for that here.
+   */
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Changing state of channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT
+            ") from \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
+            chan,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+            channel_state_to_string(chan->state),
+            channel_state_to_string(to_state));
+
+  chan->state = to_state;
+
+  /* Need to add to the right lists if the channel is registered */
+  if (chan->registered) {
+    was_active = !(from_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                   from_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+    is_active = !(to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                  to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+
+    /* Need to take off active list and put on finished list? */
+    if (was_active && !is_active) {
+      if (active_channels) smartlist_remove(active_channels, chan);
+      if (!finished_channels) finished_channels = smartlist_new();
+      smartlist_add(finished_channels, chan);
+    }
+    /* Need to put on active list? */
+    else if (!was_active && is_active) {
+      if (finished_channels) smartlist_remove(finished_channels, chan);
+      if (!active_channels) active_channels = smartlist_new();
+      smartlist_add(active_channels, chan);
+    }
+
+    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest)) {
+      /* Now we need to handle the identity map */
+      was_in_id_map = !(from_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                        from_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                        from_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+      is_in_id_map = !(to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+                       to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                       to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+
+      if (!was_in_id_map && is_in_id_map) channel_add_to_digest_map(chan);
+      else if (was_in_id_map && !is_in_id_map)
+        channel_remove_from_digest_map(chan);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Tell circuits if we opened and stuff */
+  if (to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+    channel_do_open_actions(chan);
+    chan->has_been_open = 1;
+
+    /* Check for queued cells to process */
+    if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue))
+      channel_process_cells(chan);
+    if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->outgoing_queue))
+      channel_flush_cells(chan);
+  } else if (to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+             to_state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Assert that all queues are empty */
+    tor_assert(TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue));
+    tor_assert(TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->outgoing_queue));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Change channel listener state
+ *
+ * This internal and subclass use only function is used to change channel
+ * listener state, performing all transition validity checks and whatever
+ * actions are appropriate to the state transition in question.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_change_state(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                              channel_listener_state_t to_state)
+{
+  channel_listener_state_t from_state;
+  unsigned char was_active, is_active;
+
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+  from_state = chan_l->state;
+
+  tor_assert(channel_listener_state_is_valid(from_state));
+  tor_assert(channel_listener_state_is_valid(to_state));
+  tor_assert(channel_listener_state_can_transition(chan_l->state, to_state));
+
+  /* Check for no-op transitions */
+  if (from_state == to_state) {
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Got no-op transition from \"%s\" to itself on channel "
+              "listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              channel_listener_state_to_string(to_state),
+              chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* If we're going to a closing or closed state, we must have a reason set */
+  if (to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+      to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) {
+    tor_assert(chan_l->reason_for_closing != CHANNEL_LISTENER_NOT_CLOSING);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * We need to maintain the queues here for some transitions:
+   * when we enter CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN (especially from CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT)
+   * we may have a backlog of cells to transmit, so drain the queues in
+   * that case, and when going to CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED the subclass
+   * should have made sure to finish sending things (or gone to
+   * CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR if not possible), so we assert for that here.
+   */
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Changing state of channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT
+            "from \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
+            chan_l, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+            channel_listener_state_to_string(chan_l->state),
+            channel_listener_state_to_string(to_state));
+
+  chan_l->state = to_state;
+
+  /* Need to add to the right lists if the channel listener is registered */
+  if (chan_l->registered) {
+    was_active = !(from_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                   from_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+    is_active = !(to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+                  to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR);
+
+    /* Need to take off active list and put on finished list? */
+    if (was_active && !is_active) {
+      if (active_listeners) smartlist_remove(active_listeners, chan_l);
+      if (!finished_listeners) finished_listeners = smartlist_new();
+      smartlist_add(finished_listeners, chan_l);
+    }
+    /* Need to put on active list? */
+    else if (!was_active && is_active) {
+      if (finished_listeners) smartlist_remove(finished_listeners, chan_l);
+      if (!active_listeners) active_listeners = smartlist_new();
+      smartlist_add(active_listeners, chan_l);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+      to_state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR) {
+    /* Assert that the queue is empty */
+    tor_assert(!(chan_l->incoming_list) ||
+                smartlist_len(chan_l->incoming_list) == 0);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to flush cells to the lower layer
+ *
+ * this is called by the lower layer to indicate that it wants more cells;
+ * it will try to write up to num_cells cells from the channel's cell queue or
+ * from circuits active on that channel, or as many as it has available if
+ * num_cells == -1.
+ */
+
+#define MAX_CELLS_TO_GET_FROM_CIRCUITS_FOR_UNLIMITED 256
+
+ssize_t
+channel_flush_some_cells(channel_t *chan, ssize_t num_cells)
+{
+  unsigned int unlimited = 0;
+  ssize_t flushed = 0;
+  int num_cells_from_circs, clamped_num_cells;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (num_cells < 0) unlimited = 1;
+  if (!unlimited && num_cells <= flushed) goto done;
+
+  /* If we aren't in CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN, nothing goes through */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+    /* Try to flush as much as we can that's already queued */
+    flushed += channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue(chan,
+        (unlimited ? -1 : num_cells - flushed));
+    if (!unlimited && num_cells <= flushed) goto done;
+
+    if (circuitmux_num_cells(chan->cmux) > 0) {
+      /* Calculate number of cells, including clamp */
+      if (unlimited) {
+        clamped_num_cells = MAX_CELLS_TO_GET_FROM_CIRCUITS_FOR_UNLIMITED;
+      } else {
+        if (num_cells - flushed >
+            MAX_CELLS_TO_GET_FROM_CIRCUITS_FOR_UNLIMITED) {
+          clamped_num_cells = MAX_CELLS_TO_GET_FROM_CIRCUITS_FOR_UNLIMITED;
+        } else {
+          clamped_num_cells = (int)(num_cells - flushed);
+        }
+      }
+      /* Try to get more cells from any active circuits */
+      num_cells_from_circs = channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit(
+          chan, clamped_num_cells);
+
+      /* If it claims we got some, process the queue again */
+      if (num_cells_from_circs > 0) {
+        flushed += channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue(chan,
+          (unlimited ? -1 : num_cells - flushed));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return flushed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flush cells from just the channel's outgoing cell queue
+ *
+ * This gets called from channel_flush_some_cells() above to flush cells
+ * just from the queue without trying for active_circuits.
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue(channel_t *chan,
+                                             ssize_t num_cells)
+{
+  unsigned int unlimited = 0;
+  ssize_t flushed = 0;
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->write_cell);
+  tor_assert(chan->write_packed_cell);
+  tor_assert(chan->write_var_cell);
+
+  if (num_cells < 0) unlimited = 1;
+  if (!unlimited && num_cells <= flushed) return 0;
+
+  /* If we aren't in CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN, nothing goes through */
+  if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+    while ((unlimited || num_cells > flushed) &&
+           NULL != (q = TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(&chan->outgoing_queue))) {
+
+      if (1) {
+        /*
+         * Okay, we have a good queue entry, try to give it to the lower
+         * layer.
+         */
+        switch (q->type) {
+          case CELL_QUEUE_FIXED:
+            if (q->u.fixed.cell) {
+              if (chan->write_cell(chan,
+                    q->u.fixed.cell)) {
+                ++flushed;
+                channel_timestamp_xmit(chan);
+                ++(chan->n_cells_xmitted);
+                cell_queue_entry_free(q, 1);
+                q = NULL;
+              }
+              /* Else couldn't write it; leave it on the queue */
+            } else {
+              /* This shouldn't happen */
+              log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+                       "Saw broken cell queue entry of type CELL_QUEUE_FIXED "
+                       "with no cell on channel %p "
+                       "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ").",
+                       chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+              /* Throw it away */
+              cell_queue_entry_free(q, 0);
+              q = NULL;
+            }
+            break;
+         case CELL_QUEUE_PACKED:
+            if (q->u.packed.packed_cell) {
+              if (chan->write_packed_cell(chan,
+                    q->u.packed.packed_cell)) {
+                ++flushed;
+                channel_timestamp_xmit(chan);
+                ++(chan->n_cells_xmitted);
+                cell_queue_entry_free(q, 1);
+                q = NULL;
+              }
+              /* Else couldn't write it; leave it on the queue */
+            } else {
+              /* This shouldn't happen */
+              log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+                       "Saw broken cell queue entry of type CELL_QUEUE_PACKED "
+                       "with no cell on channel %p "
+                       "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ").",
+                       chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+              /* Throw it away */
+              cell_queue_entry_free(q, 0);
+              q = NULL;
+            }
+            break;
+         case CELL_QUEUE_VAR:
+            if (q->u.var.var_cell) {
+              if (chan->write_var_cell(chan,
+                    q->u.var.var_cell)) {
+                ++flushed;
+                channel_timestamp_xmit(chan);
+                ++(chan->n_cells_xmitted);
+                cell_queue_entry_free(q, 1);
+                q = NULL;
+              }
+              /* Else couldn't write it; leave it on the queue */
+            } else {
+              /* This shouldn't happen */
+              log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+                       "Saw broken cell queue entry of type CELL_QUEUE_VAR "
+                       "with no cell on channel %p "
+                       "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ").",
+                       chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+              /* Throw it away */
+              cell_queue_entry_free(q, 0);
+              q = NULL;
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            /* Unknown type, log and free it */
+            log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+                     "Saw an unknown cell queue entry type %d on channel %p "
+                     "(global ID " U64_FORMAT "; ignoring it."
+                     "  Someone should fix this.",
+                     q->type, chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+            cell_queue_entry_free(q, 0);
+            q = NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* if q got NULLed out, we used it and should remove the queue entry */
+        if (!q) TOR_SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&chan->outgoing_queue, next);
+        /* No cell removed from list, so we can't go on any further */
+        else break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Did we drain the queue? */
+  if (TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->outgoing_queue)) {
+    channel_timestamp_drained(chan);
+  }
+
+  return flushed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flush as many cells as we possibly can from the queue
+ *
+ * This tries to flush as many cells from the queue as the lower layer
+ * will take.  It just calls channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue()
+ * in unlimited mode.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_flush_cells(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  channel_flush_some_cells_from_outgoing_queue(chan, -1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if any cells are available
+ *
+ * This gets used from the lower layer to check if any more cells are
+ * available.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_more_to_flush(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* Check if we have any queued */
+  if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue))
+      return 1;
+
+  /* Check if any circuits would like to queue some */
+  if (circuitmux_num_cells(chan->cmux) > 0) return 1;
+
+  /* Else no */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify the channel we're done flushing the output in the lower layer
+ *
+ * Connection.c will call this when we've flushed the output; there's some
+ * dirreq-related maintenance to do.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_notify_flushed(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (chan->dirreq_id != 0)
+    geoip_change_dirreq_state(chan->dirreq_id,
+                              DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
+                              DIRREQ_CHANNEL_BUFFER_FLUSHED);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process the queue of incoming channels on a listener
+ *
+ * Use a listener's registered callback to process as many entries in the
+ * queue of incoming channels as possible.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_process_incoming(channel_listener_t *listener)
+{
+  tor_assert(listener);
+
+  /*
+   * CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING permitted because we drain the queue
+   * while closing a listener.
+   */
+  tor_assert(listener->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING ||
+             listener->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING);
+  tor_assert(listener->listener);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Processing queue of incoming connections for channel "
+            "listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+            listener, U64_PRINTF_ARG(listener->global_identifier));
+
+  if (!(listener->incoming_list)) return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(listener->incoming_list,
+                          channel_t *, chan) {
+    tor_assert(chan);
+
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Handling incoming channel %p (" U64_FORMAT ") "
+              "for listener %p (" U64_FORMAT ")",
+              chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+              listener,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(listener->global_identifier));
+    /* Make sure this is set correctly */
+    channel_mark_incoming(chan);
+    listener->listener(listener, chan);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(chan);
+
+  smartlist_free(listener->incoming_list);
+  listener->incoming_list = NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Take actions required when a channel becomes open
+ *
+ * Handle actions we should do when we know a channel is open; a lot of
+ * this comes from the old connection_or_set_state_open() of connection_or.c.
+ *
+ * Because of this mechanism, future channel_t subclasses should take care
+ * not to change a channel to from CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING to CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+ * until there is positive confirmation that the network is operational.
+ * In particular, anything UDP-based should not make this transition until a
+ * packet is received from the other side.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_do_open_actions(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_addr_t remote_addr;
+  int started_here, not_using = 0;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  started_here = channel_is_outgoing(chan);
+
+  if (started_here) {
+    circuit_build_times_network_is_live(&circ_times);
+    rep_hist_note_connect_succeeded(chan->identity_digest, now);
+    if (entry_guard_register_connect_status(
+          chan->identity_digest, 1, 0, now) < 0) {
+      /* Close any circuits pending on this channel. We leave it in state
+       * 'open' though, because it didn't actually *fail* -- we just
+       * chose not to use it. */
+      log_debug(LD_OR,
+                "New entry guard was reachable, but closing this "
+                "connection so we can retry the earlier entry guards.");
+      circuit_n_chan_done(chan, 0);
+      not_using = 1;
+    }
+    router_set_status(chan->identity_digest, 1);
+  } else {
+    /* only report it to the geoip module if it's not a known router */
+    if (!router_get_by_id_digest(chan->identity_digest)) {
+      if (channel_get_addr_if_possible(chan, &remote_addr)) {
+        geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &remote_addr,
+                               now);
+      }
+      /* Otherwise the underlying transport can't tell us this, so skip it */
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!not_using) circuit_n_chan_done(chan, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queue an incoming channel on a listener
+ *
+ * Internal and subclass use only function to queue an incoming channel from
+ * a listener.  A subclass of channel_listener_t should call this when a new
+ * incoming channel is created.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_queue_incoming(channel_listener_t *listener,
+                                channel_t *incoming)
+{
+  int need_to_queue = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(listener);
+  tor_assert(listener->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING);
+  tor_assert(incoming);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Queueing incoming channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") on "
+            "channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+            incoming, U64_PRINTF_ARG(incoming->global_identifier),
+            listener, U64_PRINTF_ARG(listener->global_identifier));
+
+  /* Do we need to queue it, or can we just call the listener right away? */
+  if (!(listener->listener)) need_to_queue = 1;
+  if (listener->incoming_list &&
+      (smartlist_len(listener->incoming_list) > 0))
+    need_to_queue = 1;
+
+  /* If we need to queue and have no queue, create one */
+  if (need_to_queue && !(listener->incoming_list)) {
+    listener->incoming_list = smartlist_new();
+  }
+
+  /* Bump the counter and timestamp it */
+  channel_listener_timestamp_active(listener);
+  channel_listener_timestamp_accepted(listener);
+  ++(listener->n_accepted);
+
+  /* If we don't need to queue, process it right away */
+  if (!need_to_queue) {
+    tor_assert(listener->listener);
+    listener->listener(listener, incoming);
+  }
+  /*
+   * Otherwise, we need to queue; queue and then process the queue if
+   * we can.
+   */
+  else {
+    tor_assert(listener->incoming_list);
+    smartlist_add(listener->incoming_list, incoming);
+    if (listener->listener) channel_listener_process_incoming(listener);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process queued incoming cells
+ *
+ * Process as many queued cells as we can from the incoming
+ * cell queue.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_process_cells(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q;
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT ||
+             chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Processing as many incoming cells as we can for channel %p",
+            chan);
+
+  /* Nothing we can do if we have no registered cell handlers */
+  if (!(chan->cell_handler ||
+        chan->var_cell_handler)) return;
+  /* Nothing we can do if we have no cells */
+  if (TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue)) return;
+
+  /*
+   * Process cells until we're done or find one we have no current handler
+   * for.
+   */
+  while (NULL != (q = TOR_SIMPLEQ_FIRST(&chan->incoming_queue))) {
+    tor_assert(q);
+    tor_assert(q->type == CELL_QUEUE_FIXED ||
+               q->type == CELL_QUEUE_VAR);
+
+    if (q->type == CELL_QUEUE_FIXED &&
+        chan->cell_handler) {
+      /* Handle a fixed-length cell */
+      TOR_SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&chan->incoming_queue, next);
+      tor_assert(q->u.fixed.cell);
+      log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+                "Processing incoming cell_t %p for channel %p (global ID "
+                U64_FORMAT ")",
+                q->u.fixed.cell, chan,
+                U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+      chan->cell_handler(chan, q->u.fixed.cell);
+      tor_free(q);
+    } else if (q->type == CELL_QUEUE_VAR &&
+               chan->var_cell_handler) {
+      /* Handle a variable-length cell */
+      TOR_SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&chan->incoming_queue, next);
+      tor_assert(q->u.var.var_cell);
+      log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+                "Processing incoming var_cell_t %p for channel %p (global ID "
+                U64_FORMAT ")",
+                q->u.var.var_cell, chan,
+                U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+      chan->var_cell_handler(chan, q->u.var.var_cell);
+      tor_free(q);
+    } else {
+      /* Can't handle this one */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queue incoming cell
+ *
+ * This should be called by a channel_t subclass to queue an incoming fixed-
+ * length cell for processing, and process it if possible.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_queue_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell)
+{
+  int need_to_queue = 0;
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+
+  /* Do we need to queue it, or can we just call the handler right away? */
+  if (!(chan->cell_handler)) need_to_queue = 1;
+  if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue))
+    need_to_queue = 1;
+
+  /* Timestamp for receiving */
+  channel_timestamp_recv(chan);
+
+  /* Update the counter */
+  ++(chan->n_cells_recved);
+
+  /* If we don't need to queue we can just call cell_handler */
+  if (!need_to_queue) {
+    tor_assert(chan->cell_handler);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Directly handling incoming cell_t %p for channel %p "
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    chan->cell_handler(chan, cell);
+  } else {
+    /* Otherwise queue it and then process the queue if possible. */
+    q = cell_queue_entry_new_fixed(cell);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Queueing incoming cell_t %p for channel %p "
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&chan->incoming_queue, q, next);
+    if (chan->cell_handler ||
+        chan->var_cell_handler) {
+      channel_process_cells(chan);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queue incoming variable-length cell
+ *
+ * This should be called by a channel_t subclass to queue an incoming
+ * variable-length cell for processing, and process it if possible.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_queue_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *var_cell)
+{
+  int need_to_queue = 0;
+  cell_queue_entry_t *q;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
+  tor_assert(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+
+  /* Do we need to queue it, or can we just call the handler right away? */
+  if (!(chan->var_cell_handler)) need_to_queue = 1;
+  if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->incoming_queue))
+    need_to_queue = 1;
+
+  /* Timestamp for receiving */
+  channel_timestamp_recv(chan);
+
+  /* Update the counter */
+  ++(chan->n_cells_recved);
+
+  /* If we don't need to queue we can just call cell_handler */
+  if (!need_to_queue) {
+    tor_assert(chan->var_cell_handler);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Directly handling incoming var_cell_t %p for channel %p "
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              var_cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    chan->var_cell_handler(chan, var_cell);
+  } else {
+    /* Otherwise queue it and then process the queue if possible. */
+    q = cell_queue_entry_new_var(var_cell);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Queueing incoming var_cell_t %p for channel %p "
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              var_cell, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    TOR_SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&chan->incoming_queue, q, next);
+    if (chan->cell_handler ||
+        chan->var_cell_handler) {
+      channel_process_cells(chan);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send destroy cell on a channel
+ *
+ * Write a destroy cell with circ ID <b>circ_id</b> and reason <b>reason</b>
+ * onto channel <b>chan</b>.  Don't perform range-checking on reason:
+ * we may want to propagate reasons from other cells.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_send_destroy(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan, int reason)
+{
+  cell_t cell;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /* Check to make sure we can send on this channel first */
+  if (!(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+    memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell_t));
+    cell.circ_id = circ_id;
+    cell.command = CELL_DESTROY;
+    cell.payload[0] = (uint8_t) reason;
+    log_debug(LD_OR,
+              "Sending destroy (circID %u) on channel %p "
+              "(global ID " U64_FORMAT ")",
+              (unsigned)circ_id, chan,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+    channel_write_cell(chan, &cell);
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Someone called channel_send_destroy() for circID %u "
+             "on a channel " U64_FORMAT " at %p in state %s (%d)",
+             (unsigned)circ_id, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+             chan, channel_state_to_string(chan->state),
+             chan->state);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dump channel statistics to the log
+ *
+ * This is called from dumpstats() in main.c and spams the log with
+ * statistics on channels.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_dumpstats(int severity)
+{
+  if (all_channels && smartlist_len(all_channels) > 0) {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "Dumping statistics about %d channels:",
+        smartlist_len(all_channels));
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "%d are active, and %d are done and waiting for cleanup",
+        (active_channels != NULL) ?
+          smartlist_len(active_channels) : 0,
+        (finished_channels != NULL) ?
+          smartlist_len(finished_channels) : 0);
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(all_channels, channel_t *, chan,
+                      channel_dump_statistics(chan, severity));
+
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "Done spamming about channels now");
+  } else {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "No channels to dump");
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dump channel listener statistics to the log
+ *
+ * This is called from dumpstats() in main.c and spams the log with
+ * statistics on channel listeners.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_dumpstats(int severity)
+{
+  if (all_listeners && smartlist_len(all_listeners) > 0) {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "Dumping statistics about %d channel listeners:",
+        smartlist_len(all_listeners));
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "%d are active and %d are done and waiting for cleanup",
+        (active_listeners != NULL) ?
+          smartlist_len(active_listeners) : 0,
+        (finished_listeners != NULL) ?
+          smartlist_len(finished_listeners) : 0);
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(all_listeners, channel_listener_t *, chan_l,
+                      channel_listener_dump_statistics(chan_l, severity));
+
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "Done spamming about channel listeners now");
+  } else {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        "No channel listeners to dump");
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the cmux policy on all active channels
+ */
+
+void
+channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(circuitmux_policy_t *pol)
+{
+  if (!active_channels) return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(active_channels, channel_t *, curr) {
+    if (curr->cmux) {
+      circuitmux_set_policy(curr->cmux, pol);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clean up channels
+ *
+ * This gets called periodically from run_scheduled_events() in main.c;
+ * it cleans up after closed channels.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_run_cleanup(void)
+{
+  channel_t *tmp = NULL;
+
+  /* Check if we need to do anything */
+  if (!finished_channels || smartlist_len(finished_channels) == 0) return;
+
+  /* Iterate through finished_channels and get rid of them */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(finished_channels, channel_t *, curr) {
+    tmp = curr;
+    /* Remove it from the list */
+    SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(finished_channels, curr);
+    /* Also unregister it */
+    channel_unregister(tmp);
+    /* ... and free it */
+    channel_free(tmp);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clean up channel listeners
+ *
+ * This gets called periodically from run_scheduled_events() in main.c;
+ * it cleans up after closed channel listeners.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_run_cleanup(void)
+{
+  channel_listener_t *tmp = NULL;
+
+  /* Check if we need to do anything */
+  if (!finished_listeners || smartlist_len(finished_listeners) == 0) return;
+
+  /* Iterate through finished_channels and get rid of them */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(finished_listeners, channel_listener_t *, curr) {
+    tmp = curr;
+    /* Remove it from the list */
+    SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(finished_listeners, curr);
+    /* Also unregister it */
+    channel_listener_unregister(tmp);
+    /* ... and free it */
+    channel_listener_free(tmp);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a list of channels for channel_free_all()
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_free_list(smartlist_t *channels, int mark_for_close)
+{
+  if (!channels) return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(channels, channel_t *, curr) {
+    /* Deregister and free it */
+    tor_assert(curr);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Cleaning up channel %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+              "in state %s (%d)",
+              curr, U64_PRINTF_ARG(curr->global_identifier),
+              channel_state_to_string(curr->state), curr->state);
+    /* Detach circuits early so they can find the channel */
+    if (curr->cmux) {
+      circuitmux_detach_all_circuits(curr->cmux);
+    }
+    channel_unregister(curr);
+    if (mark_for_close) {
+      if (!(curr->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+            curr->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+            curr->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+        channel_mark_for_close(curr);
+      }
+      channel_force_free(curr);
+    } else channel_free(curr);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a list of channel listeners for channel_free_all()
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_listener_free_list(smartlist_t *listeners, int mark_for_close)
+{
+  if (!listeners) return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(listeners, channel_listener_t *, curr) {
+    /* Deregister and free it */
+    tor_assert(curr);
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Cleaning up channel listener %p (global ID " U64_FORMAT ") "
+              "in state %s (%d)",
+              curr, U64_PRINTF_ARG(curr->global_identifier),
+              channel_listener_state_to_string(curr->state), curr->state);
+    channel_listener_unregister(curr);
+    if (mark_for_close) {
+      if (!(curr->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+            curr->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+            curr->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR)) {
+        channel_listener_mark_for_close(curr);
+      }
+      channel_listener_force_free(curr);
+    } else channel_listener_free(curr);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(curr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Close all channels and free everything
+ *
+ * This gets called from tor_free_all() in main.c to clean up on exit.
+ * It will close all registered channels and free associated storage,
+ * then free the all_channels, active_channels, listening_channels and
+ * finished_channels lists and also channel_identity_map.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_free_all(void)
+{
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Shutting down channels...");
+
+  /* First, let's go for finished channels */
+  if (finished_channels) {
+    channel_free_list(finished_channels, 0);
+    smartlist_free(finished_channels);
+    finished_channels = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now the finished listeners */
+  if (finished_listeners) {
+    channel_listener_free_list(finished_listeners, 0);
+    smartlist_free(finished_listeners);
+    finished_listeners = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now all active channels */
+  if (active_channels) {
+    channel_free_list(active_channels, 1);
+    smartlist_free(active_channels);
+    active_channels = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now all active listeners */
+  if (active_listeners) {
+    channel_listener_free_list(active_listeners, 1);
+    smartlist_free(active_listeners);
+    active_listeners = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now all channels, in case any are left over */
+  if (all_channels) {
+    channel_free_list(all_channels, 1);
+    smartlist_free(all_channels);
+    all_channels = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now all listeners, in case any are left over */
+  if (all_listeners) {
+    channel_listener_free_list(all_listeners, 1);
+    smartlist_free(all_listeners);
+    all_listeners = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Now free channel_identity_map */
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Freeing channel_identity_map");
+  /* Geez, anything still left over just won't die ... let it leak then */
+  HT_CLEAR(channel_idmap, &channel_identity_map);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Done cleaning up after channels");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Connect to a given addr/port/digest
+ *
+ * This sets up a new outgoing channel; in the future if multiple
+ * channel_t subclasses are available, this is where the selection policy
+ * should go.  It may also be desirable to fold port into tor_addr_t
+ * or make a new type including a tor_addr_t and port, so we have a
+ * single abstract object encapsulating all the protocol details of
+ * how to contact an OR.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_connect(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                const char *id_digest)
+{
+  return channel_tls_connect(addr, port, id_digest);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decide which of two channels to prefer for extending a circuit
+ *
+ * This function is called while extending a circuit and returns true iff
+ * a is 'better' than b.  The most important criterion here is that a
+ * canonical channel is always better than a non-canonical one, but the
+ * number of circuits and the age are used as tie-breakers.
+ *
+ * This is based on the former connection_or_is_better() of connection_or.c
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_better(time_t now, channel_t *a, channel_t *b,
+                  int forgive_new_connections)
+{
+  int a_grace, b_grace;
+  int a_is_canonical, b_is_canonical;
+  int a_has_circs, b_has_circs;
+
+  /*
+   * Do not definitively deprecate a new channel with no circuits on it
+   * until this much time has passed.
+   */
+#define NEW_CHAN_GRACE_PERIOD (15*60)
+
+  tor_assert(a);
+  tor_assert(b);
+
+  /* Check if one is canonical and the other isn't first */
+  a_is_canonical = channel_is_canonical(a);
+  b_is_canonical = channel_is_canonical(b);
+
+  if (a_is_canonical && !b_is_canonical) return 1;
+  if (!a_is_canonical && b_is_canonical) return 0;
+
+  /*
+   * Okay, if we're here they tied on canonicity. Next we check if
+   * they have any circuits, and if one does and the other doesn't,
+   * we prefer the one that does, unless we are forgiving and the
+   * one that has no circuits is in its grace period.
+   */
+
+  a_has_circs = (channel_num_circuits(a) > 0);
+  b_has_circs = (channel_num_circuits(b) > 0);
+  a_grace = (forgive_new_connections &&
+             (now < channel_when_created(a) + NEW_CHAN_GRACE_PERIOD));
+  b_grace = (forgive_new_connections &&
+             (now < channel_when_created(b) + NEW_CHAN_GRACE_PERIOD));
+
+  if (a_has_circs && !b_has_circs && !b_grace) return 1;
+  if (!a_has_circs && b_has_circs && !a_grace) return 0;
+
+  /* They tied on circuits too; just prefer whichever is newer */
+
+  if (channel_when_created(a) > channel_when_created(b)) return 1;
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a channel to extend a circuit
+ *
+ * Pick a suitable channel to extend a circuit to given the desired digest
+ * the address we believe is correct for that digest; this tries to see
+ * if we already have one for the requested endpoint, but if there is no good
+ * channel, set *msg_out to a message describing the channel's state
+ * and our next action, and set *launch_out to a boolean indicated whether
+ * the caller should try to launch a new channel with channel_connect().
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_get_for_extend(const char *digest,
+                       const tor_addr_t *target_addr,
+                       const char **msg_out,
+                       int *launch_out)
+{
+  channel_t *chan, *best = NULL;
+  int n_inprogress_goodaddr = 0, n_old = 0;
+  int n_noncanonical = 0, n_possible = 0;
+  time_t now = approx_time();
+
+  tor_assert(msg_out);
+  tor_assert(launch_out);
+
+  chan = channel_find_by_remote_digest(digest);
+
+  /* Walk the list, unrefing the old one and refing the new at each
+   * iteration.
+   */
+  for (; chan; chan = channel_next_with_digest(chan)) {
+    tor_assert(tor_memeq(chan->identity_digest,
+                         digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+
+    if (chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+        chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)
+      continue;
+
+    /* Never return a channel on which the other end appears to be
+     * a client. */
+    if (channel_is_client(chan)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Never return a non-open connection. */
+    if (chan->state != CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+      /* If the address matches, don't launch a new connection for this
+       * circuit. */
+      if (channel_matches_target_addr_for_extend(chan, target_addr))
+        ++n_inprogress_goodaddr;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Never return a connection that shouldn't be used for circs. */
+    if (channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(chan)) {
+      ++n_old;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Never return a non-canonical connection using a recent link protocol
+     * if the address is not what we wanted.
+     *
+     * The channel_is_canonical_is_reliable() function asks the lower layer
+     * if we should trust channel_is_canonical().  The below is from the
+     * comments of the old circuit_or_get_for_extend() and applies when
+     * the lower-layer transport is channel_tls_t.
+     *
+     * (For old link protocols, we can't rely on is_canonical getting
+     * set properly if we're talking to the right address, since we might
+     * have an out-of-date descriptor, and we will get no NETINFO cell to
+     * tell us about the right address.)
+     */
+    if (!channel_is_canonical(chan) &&
+         channel_is_canonical_is_reliable(chan) &&
+        !channel_matches_target_addr_for_extend(chan, target_addr)) {
+      ++n_noncanonical;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    ++n_possible;
+
+    if (!best) {
+      best = chan; /* If we have no 'best' so far, this one is good enough. */
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (channel_is_better(now, chan, best, 0))
+      best = chan;
+  }
+
+  if (best) {
+    *msg_out = "Connection is fine; using it.";
+    *launch_out = 0;
+    return best;
+  } else if (n_inprogress_goodaddr) {
+    *msg_out = "Connection in progress; waiting.";
+    *launch_out = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  } else if (n_old || n_noncanonical) {
+    *msg_out = "Connections all too old, or too non-canonical. "
+               " Launching a new one.";
+    *launch_out = 1;
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    *msg_out = "Not connected. Connecting.";
+    *launch_out = 1;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Describe the transport subclass for a channel
+ *
+ * Invoke a method to get a string description of the lower-layer
+ * transport for this channel.
+ */
+
+const char *
+channel_describe_transport(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->describe_transport);
+
+  return chan->describe_transport(chan);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Describe the transport subclass for a channel listener
+ *
+ * Invoke a method to get a string description of the lower-layer
+ * transport for this channel listener.
+ */
+
+const char *
+channel_listener_describe_transport(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+  tor_assert(chan_l->describe_transport);
+
+  return chan_l->describe_transport(chan_l);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of entries in <b>queue</b>
+ */
+static int
+chan_cell_queue_len(const chan_cell_queue_t *queue)
+{
+  int r = 0;
+  cell_queue_entry_t *cell;
+  TOR_SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(cell, queue, next)
+    ++r;
+  return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dump channel statistics
+ *
+ * Dump statistics for one channel to the log
+ */
+
+void
+channel_dump_statistics(channel_t *chan, int severity)
+{
+  double avg, interval, age;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  tor_addr_t remote_addr;
+  int have_remote_addr;
+  char *remote_addr_str;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  age = (double)(now - chan->timestamp_created);
+
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      "Channel " U64_FORMAT " (at %p) with transport %s is in state "
+      "%s (%d)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan,
+      channel_describe_transport(chan),
+      channel_state_to_string(chan->state), chan->state);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " was created at " U64_FORMAT
+      " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago) "
+      "and last active at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_created),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_created),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_active),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_active));
+
+  /* Handle digest and nickname */
+  if (!tor_digest_is_zero(chan->identity_digest)) {
+    if (chan->nickname) {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " says it is connected "
+          "to an OR with digest %s and nickname %s",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+          hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN),
+          chan->nickname);
+    } else {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " says it is connected "
+          "to an OR with digest %s and no known nickname",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+          hex_str(chan->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (chan->nickname) {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " does not know the digest"
+          " of the OR it is connected to, but reports its nickname is %s",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+          chan->nickname);
+    } else {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " does not know the digest"
+          " or the nickname of the OR it is connected to",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Handle remote address and descriptions */
+  have_remote_addr = channel_get_addr_if_possible(chan, &remote_addr);
+  if (have_remote_addr) {
+    char *actual = tor_strdup(channel_get_actual_remote_descr(chan));
+    remote_addr_str = tor_dup_addr(&remote_addr);
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " says its remote address"
+        " is %s, and gives a canonical description of \"%s\" and an "
+        "actual description of \"%s\"",
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+        remote_addr_str,
+        channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan),
+        actual);
+    tor_free(remote_addr_str);
+    tor_free(actual);
+  } else {
+    char *actual = tor_strdup(channel_get_actual_remote_descr(chan));
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+        " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " does not know its remote "
+        "address, but gives a canonical description of \"%s\" and an "
+        "actual description of \"%s\"",
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+        channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan),
+        actual);
+    tor_free(actual);
+  }
+
+  /* Handle marks */
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has these marks: %s %s %s "
+      "%s %s %s",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(chan) ?
+        "bad_for_new_circs" : "!bad_for_new_circs",
+      channel_is_canonical(chan) ?
+        "canonical" : "!canonical",
+      channel_is_canonical_is_reliable(chan) ?
+        "is_canonical_is_reliable" :
+        "!is_canonical_is_reliable",
+      channel_is_client(chan) ?
+        "client" : "!client",
+      channel_is_local(chan) ?
+        "local" : "!local",
+      channel_is_incoming(chan) ?
+        "incoming" : "outgoing");
+
+  /* Describe queues */
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has %d queued incoming cells"
+      " and %d queued outgoing cells",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      chan_cell_queue_len(&chan->incoming_queue),
+      chan_cell_queue_len(&chan->outgoing_queue));
+
+  /* Describe circuits */
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has %d active circuits out of"
+      " %d in total",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      (chan->cmux != NULL) ?
+         circuitmux_num_active_circuits(chan->cmux) : 0,
+      (chan->cmux != NULL) ?
+         circuitmux_num_circuits(chan->cmux) : 0);
+
+  /* Describe timestamps */
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " was last used by a "
+      "client at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_client),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_client));
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " was last drained at "
+      U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_drained),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_drained));
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " last received a cell "
+      "at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_recv),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_recv));
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " last trasmitted a cell "
+      "at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->timestamp_xmit),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan->timestamp_xmit));
+
+  /* Describe counters and rates */
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has received "
+      U64_FORMAT " cells and transmitted " U64_FORMAT,
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->n_cells_recved),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->n_cells_xmitted));
+  if (now > chan->timestamp_created &&
+      chan->timestamp_created > 0) {
+    if (chan->n_cells_recved > 0) {
+      avg = (double)(chan->n_cells_recved) / age;
+      if (avg >= 1.0) {
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+            " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f "
+            "cells received per second",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), avg);
+      } else if (avg >= 0.0) {
+        interval = 1.0 / avg;
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+            " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f "
+            "seconds between received cells",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), interval);
+      }
+    }
+    if (chan->n_cells_xmitted > 0) {
+      avg = (double)(chan->n_cells_xmitted) / age;
+      if (avg >= 1.0) {
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+            " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f "
+            "cells transmitted per second",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), avg);
+      } else if (avg >= 0.0) {
+        interval = 1.0 / avg;
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+            " * Channel " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f "
+            "seconds between transmitted cells",
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), interval);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Dump anything the lower layer has to say */
+  channel_dump_transport_statistics(chan, severity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dump channel listener statistics
+ *
+ * Dump statistics for one channel listener to the log
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_dump_statistics(channel_listener_t *chan_l, int severity)
+{
+  double avg, interval, age;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  age = (double)(now - chan_l->timestamp_created);
+
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      "Channel listener " U64_FORMAT " (at %p) with transport %s is in "
+      "state %s (%d)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier), chan_l,
+      channel_listener_describe_transport(chan_l),
+      channel_listener_state_to_string(chan_l->state), chan_l->state);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel listener " U64_FORMAT " was created at " U64_FORMAT
+      " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago) "
+      "and last active at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago)",
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->timestamp_created),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan_l->timestamp_created),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->timestamp_active),
+      U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan_l->timestamp_active));
+
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+      " * Channel listener " U64_FORMAT " last accepted an incoming "
+        "channel at " U64_FORMAT " (" U64_FORMAT " seconds ago) "
+        "and has accepted " U64_FORMAT " channels in total",
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier),
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->timestamp_accepted),
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(now - chan_l->timestamp_accepted),
+        U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->n_accepted));
+
+  /*
+   * If it's sensible to do so, get the rate of incoming channels on this
+   * listener
+   */
+  if (now > chan_l->timestamp_created &&
+      chan_l->timestamp_created > 0 &&
+      chan_l->n_accepted > 0) {
+    avg = (double)(chan_l->n_accepted) / age;
+    if (avg >= 1.0) {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel listener " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f incoming "
+          "channels per second",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier), avg);
+    } else if (avg >= 0.0) {
+      interval = 1.0 / avg;
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          " * Channel listener " U64_FORMAT " has averaged %f seconds "
+          "between incoming channels",
+          U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_l->global_identifier), interval);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Dump anything the lower layer has to say */
+  channel_listener_dump_transport_statistics(chan_l, severity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invoke transport-specific stats dump for channel
+ *
+ * If there is a lower-layer statistics dump method, invoke it
+ */
+
+void
+channel_dump_transport_statistics(channel_t *chan, int severity)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (chan->dumpstats) chan->dumpstats(chan, severity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invoke transport-specific stats dump for channel listener
+ *
+ * If there is a lower-layer statistics dump method, invoke it
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_dump_transport_statistics(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                                           int severity)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  if (chan_l->dumpstats) chan_l->dumpstats(chan_l, severity);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return text description of the remote endpoint
+ *
+ * This function return a test provided by the lower layer of the remote
+ * endpoint for this channel; it should specify the actual address connected
+ * to/from.
+ *
+ * Subsequent calls to channel_get_{actual,canonical}_remote_{address,descr}
+ * may invalidate the return value from this function.
+ */
+const char *
+channel_get_actual_remote_descr(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->get_remote_descr);
+
+  /* Param 1 indicates the actual description */
+  return chan->get_remote_descr(chan, GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the text address of the remote endpoint.
+ *
+ * Subsequent calls to channel_get_{actual,canonical}_remote_{address,descr}
+ * may invalidate the return value from this function.
+ */
+const char *
+channel_get_actual_remote_address(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  /* Param 1 indicates the actual description */
+  return chan->get_remote_descr(chan, GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL|GRD_FLAG_ADDR_ONLY);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return text description of the remote endpoint canonical address
+ *
+ * This function return a test provided by the lower layer of the remote
+ * endpoint for this channel; it should use the known canonical address for
+ * this OR's identity digest if possible.
+ *
+ * Subsequent calls to channel_get_{actual,canonical}_remote_{address,descr}
+ * may invalidate the return value from this function.
+ */
+const char *
+channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->get_remote_descr);
+
+  /* Param 0 indicates the canonicalized description */
+  return chan->get_remote_descr(chan, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get remote address if possible.
+ *
+ * Write the remote address out to a tor_addr_t if the underlying transport
+ * supports this operation, and return 1.  Return 0 if the underlying transport
+ * doesn't let us do this.
+ */
+int
+channel_get_addr_if_possible(channel_t *chan, tor_addr_t *addr_out)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(addr_out);
+
+  if (chan->get_remote_addr)
+    return chan->get_remote_addr(chan, addr_out);
+  /* Else no support, method not implemented */
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if there are outgoing queue writes on this channel
+ *
+ * Indicate if either we have queued cells, or if not, whether the underlying
+ * lower-layer transport thinks it has an output queue.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_has_queued_writes(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  int has_writes = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->has_queued_writes);
+
+  if (! TOR_SIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&chan->outgoing_queue)) {
+    has_writes = 1;
+  } else {
+    /* Check with the lower layer */
+    has_writes = chan->has_queued_writes(chan);
+  }
+
+  return has_writes;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the is_bad_for_new_circs flag
+ *
+ * This function returns the is_bad_for_new_circs flag of the specified
+ * channel.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->is_bad_for_new_circs;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a channel as bad for new circuits
+ *
+ * Set the is_bad_for_new_circs_flag on chan.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_bad_for_new_circs(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the client flag
+ *
+ * This returns the client flag of a channel, which will be set if
+ * command_process_create_cell() in command.c thinks this is a connection
+ * from a client.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_client(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->is_client;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the client flag
+ *
+ * Mark a channel as being from a client
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_client(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->is_client = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the canonical flag for a channel
+ *
+ * This returns the is_canonical for a channel; this flag is determined by
+ * the lower layer and can't be set in a transport-independent way.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_canonical(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->is_canonical);
+
+  return chan->is_canonical(chan, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test if the canonical flag is reliable
+ *
+ * This function asks if the lower layer thinks it's safe to trust the
+ * result of channel_is_canonical()
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_canonical_is_reliable(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->is_canonical);
+
+  return chan->is_canonical(chan, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test incoming flag
+ *
+ * This function gets the incoming flag; this is set when a listener spawns
+ * a channel.  If this returns true the channel was remotely initiated.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_incoming(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->is_incoming;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the incoming flag
+ *
+ * This function is called when a channel arrives on a listening channel
+ * to mark it as incoming.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_incoming(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->is_incoming = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test local flag
+ *
+ * This function gets the local flag; the lower layer should set this when
+ * setting up the channel if is_local_addr() is true for all of the
+ * destinations it will communicate with on behalf of this channel.  It's
+ * used to decide whether to declare the network reachable when seeing incoming
+ * traffic on the channel.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_local(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->is_local;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the local flag
+ *
+ * This internal-only function should be called by the lower layer if the
+ * channel is to a local address.  See channel_is_local() above or the
+ * description of the is_local bit in channel.h
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_local(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->is_local = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test outgoing flag
+ *
+ * This function gets the outgoing flag; this is the inverse of the incoming
+ * bit set when a listener spawns a channel.  If this returns true the channel
+ * was locally initiated.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_is_outgoing(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return !(chan->is_incoming);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a channel as outgoing
+ *
+ * This function clears the incoming flag and thus marks a channel as
+ * outgoing.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_mark_outgoing(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->is_incoming = 0;
+}
+
+/*********************
+ * Timestamp updates *
+ ********************/
+
+/**
+ * Update the created timestamp for a channel
+ *
+ * This updates the channel's created timestamp and should only be called
+ * from channel_init().
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_created(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_created = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the created timestamp for a channel listener
+ *
+ * This updates the channel listener's created timestamp and should only be
+ * called from channel_init_listener().
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_timestamp_created(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  chan_l->timestamp_created = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the last active timestamp for a channel
+ *
+ * This function updates the channel's last active timestamp; it should be
+ * called by the lower layer whenever there is activity on the channel which
+ * does not lead to a cell being transmitted or received; the active timestamp
+ * is also updated from channel_timestamp_recv() and channel_timestamp_xmit(),
+ * but it should be updated for things like the v3 handshake and stuff that
+ * produce activity only visible to the lower layer.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_active(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_active = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the last active timestamp for a channel listener
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_timestamp_active(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  chan_l->timestamp_active = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the last accepted timestamp.
+ *
+ * This function updates the channel listener's last accepted timestamp; it
+ * should be called whenever a new incoming channel is accepted on a
+ * listener.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_listener_timestamp_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  chan_l->timestamp_active = now;
+  chan_l->timestamp_accepted = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update client timestamp
+ *
+ * This function is called by relay.c to timestamp a channel that appears to
+ * be used as a client.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_client(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_client = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the last drained timestamp
+ *
+ * This is called whenever we transmit a cell which leaves the outgoing cell
+ * queue completely empty.  It also updates the xmit time and the active time.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_drained(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_active = now;
+  chan->timestamp_drained = now;
+  chan->timestamp_xmit = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the recv timestamp
+ *
+ * This is called whenever we get an incoming cell from the lower layer.
+ * This also updates the active timestamp.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_recv(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_active = now;
+  chan->timestamp_recv = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the xmit timestamp
+ * This is called whenever we pass an outgoing cell to the lower layer.  This
+ * also updates the active timestamp.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_timestamp_xmit(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  chan->timestamp_active = now;
+  chan->timestamp_xmit = now;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************
+ * Timestamp queries - see above for definitions of timestamps *
+ **************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Query created timestamp for a channel
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_created(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_created;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query created timestamp for a channel listener
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_listener_when_created(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  return chan_l->timestamp_created;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query last active timestamp for a channel
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_last_active(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_active;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query last active timestamp for a channel listener
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_listener_when_last_active(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  return chan_l->timestamp_active;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query last accepted timestamp for a channel listener
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_listener_when_last_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  return chan_l->timestamp_accepted;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query client timestamp
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_last_client(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_client;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query drained timestamp
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_last_drained(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_drained;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query recv timestamp
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_last_recv(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_recv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query xmit timestamp
+ */
+
+time_t
+channel_when_last_xmit(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->timestamp_xmit;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query accepted counter
+ */
+
+uint64_t
+channel_listener_count_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  return chan_l->n_accepted;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query received cell counter
+ */
+
+uint64_t
+channel_count_recved(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->n_cells_recved;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query transmitted cell counter
+ */
+
+uint64_t
+channel_count_xmitted(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->n_cells_xmitted;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a channel matches an extend_info_t
+ *
+ * This function calls the lower layer and asks if this channel matches a
+ * given extend_info_t.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_matches_extend_info(channel_t *chan, extend_info_t *extend_info)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->matches_extend_info);
+  tor_assert(extend_info);
+
+  return chan->matches_extend_info(chan, extend_info);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a channel matches a given target address; return true iff we do.
+ *
+ * This function calls into the lower layer and asks if this channel thinks
+ * it matches a given target address for circuit extension purposes.
+ */
+
+int
+channel_matches_target_addr_for_extend(channel_t *chan,
+                                       const tor_addr_t *target)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->matches_target);
+  tor_assert(target);
+
+  return chan->matches_target(chan, target);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the total number of circuits used by a channel
+ *
+ * @param chan Channel to query
+ * @return Number of circuits using this as n_chan or p_chan
+ */
+
+unsigned int
+channel_num_circuits(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  return chan->num_n_circuits +
+         chan->num_p_circuits;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set up circuit ID generation
+ *
+ * This is called when setting up a channel and replaces the old
+ * connection_or_set_circid_type()
+ */
+void
+channel_set_circid_type(channel_t *chan,
+                        crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd,
+                        int consider_identity)
+{
+  int started_here;
+  crypto_pk_t *our_identity;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  started_here = channel_is_outgoing(chan);
+
+  if (! consider_identity) {
+    if (started_here)
+      chan->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER;
+    else
+      chan->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_LOWER;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  our_identity = started_here ?
+    get_tlsclient_identity_key() : get_server_identity_key();
+
+  if (identity_rcvd) {
+    if (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(our_identity, identity_rcvd) < 0) {
+      chan->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_LOWER;
+    } else {
+      chan->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER;
+    }
+  } else {
+    chan->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_NEITHER;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/channel.h b/src/or/channel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29ba40e326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/channel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file channel.h
+ * \brief Header file for channel.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_CHANNEL_H
+#define TOR_CHANNEL_H
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "tor_queue.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+
+/* Channel handler function pointer typedefs */
+typedef void (*channel_listener_fn_ptr)(channel_listener_t *, channel_t *);
+typedef void (*channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr)(channel_t *, cell_t *);
+typedef void (*channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr)(channel_t *, var_cell_t *);
+
+struct cell_queue_entry_s;
+TOR_SIMPLEQ_HEAD(chan_cell_queue, cell_queue_entry_s) incoming_queue;
+typedef struct chan_cell_queue chan_cell_queue_t;
+
+/*
+ * Channel struct; see the channel_t typedef in or.h.  A channel is an
+ * abstract interface for the OR-to-OR connection, similar to connection_or_t,
+ * but without the strong coupling to the underlying TLS implementation.  They
+ * are constructed by calling a protocol-specific function to open a channel
+ * to a particular node, and once constructed support the abstract operations
+ * defined below.
+ */
+
+struct channel_s {
+  /* Magic number for type-checking cast macros */
+  uint32_t magic;
+
+  /* Current channel state */
+  channel_state_t state;
+
+  /* Globally unique ID number for a channel over the lifetime of a Tor
+   * process.
+   */
+  uint64_t global_identifier;
+
+  /* Should we expect to see this channel in the channel lists? */
+  unsigned char registered:1;
+
+  /** has this channel ever been open? */
+  unsigned int has_been_open:1;
+
+  /** Why did we close?
+   */
+  enum {
+    CHANNEL_NOT_CLOSING = 0,
+    CHANNEL_CLOSE_REQUESTED,
+    CHANNEL_CLOSE_FROM_BELOW,
+    CHANNEL_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR
+  } reason_for_closing;
+
+  /* Timestamps for both cell channels and listeners */
+  time_t timestamp_created; /* Channel created */
+  time_t timestamp_active; /* Any activity */
+
+  /* Methods implemented by the lower layer */
+
+  /* Free a channel */
+  void (*free)(channel_t *);
+  /* Close an open channel */
+  void (*close)(channel_t *);
+  /* Describe the transport subclass for this channel */
+  const char * (*describe_transport)(channel_t *);
+  /* Optional method to dump transport-specific statistics on the channel */
+  void (*dumpstats)(channel_t *, int);
+
+  /* Registered handlers for incoming cells */
+  channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr cell_handler;
+  channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr var_cell_handler;
+
+  /* Methods implemented by the lower layer */
+
+  /*
+   * Ask the underlying transport what the remote endpoint address is, in
+   * a tor_addr_t.  This is optional and subclasses may leave this NULL.
+   * If they implement it, they should write the address out to the
+   * provided tor_addr_t *, and return 1 if successful or 0 if no address
+   * available.
+   */
+  int (*get_remote_addr)(channel_t *, tor_addr_t *);
+#define GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL 1
+#define GRD_FLAG_ADDR_ONLY 2
+  /*
+   * Get a text description of the remote endpoint; canonicalized if the flag
+   * GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL is not set, or the one we originally connected
+   * to/received from if it is.  If GRD_FLAG_ADDR_ONLY is set, we return only
+   * the original address.
+   */
+  const char * (*get_remote_descr)(channel_t *, int);
+  /* Check if the lower layer has queued writes */
+  int (*has_queued_writes)(channel_t *);
+  /*
+   * If the second param is zero, ask the lower layer if this is
+   * 'canonical', for a transport-specific definition of canonical; if
+   * it is 1, ask if the answer to the preceding query is safe to rely
+   * on.
+   */
+  int (*is_canonical)(channel_t *, int);
+  /* Check if this channel matches a specified extend_info_t */
+  int (*matches_extend_info)(channel_t *, extend_info_t *);
+  /* Check if this channel matches a target address when extending */
+  int (*matches_target)(channel_t *, const tor_addr_t *);
+  /* Write a cell to an open channel */
+  int (*write_cell)(channel_t *, cell_t *);
+   /* Write a packed cell to an open channel */
+  int (*write_packed_cell)(channel_t *, packed_cell_t *);
+  /* Write a variable-length cell to an open channel */
+  int (*write_var_cell)(channel_t *, var_cell_t *);
+
+  /*
+   * Hash of the public RSA key for the other side's identity key, or
+   * zeroes if the other side hasn't shown us a valid identity key.
+   */
+  char identity_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+  /* Nickname of the OR on the other side, or NULL if none. */
+  char *nickname;
+
+  /*
+   * Linked list of channels with the same identity digest, for the
+   * digest->channel map
+   */
+  TOR_LIST_ENTRY(channel_s) next_with_same_id;
+
+  /* List of incoming cells to handle */
+  chan_cell_queue_t incoming_queue;
+
+  /* List of queued outgoing cells */
+  chan_cell_queue_t outgoing_queue;
+
+  /* Circuit mux for circuits sending on this channel */
+  circuitmux_t *cmux;
+
+  /* Circuit ID generation stuff for use by circuitbuild.c */
+
+  /*
+   * When we send CREATE cells along this connection, which half of the
+   * space should we use?
+   */
+  ENUM_BF(circ_id_type_t) circ_id_type:2;
+  /** DOCDOC*/
+  unsigned wide_circ_ids:1;
+  /** Have we logged a warning about circID exhaustion on this channel? */
+  unsigned warned_circ_ids_exhausted:1;
+  /*
+   * Which circ_id do we try to use next on this connection?  This is
+   * always in the range 0..1<<15-1.
+   */
+  circid_t next_circ_id;
+
+  /* For how many circuits are we n_chan?  What about p_chan? */
+  unsigned int num_n_circuits, num_p_circuits;
+
+  /*
+   * True iff this channel shouldn't get any new circs attached to it,
+   * because the connection is too old, or because there's a better one.
+   * More generally, this flag is used to note an unhealthy connection;
+   * for example, if a bad connection fails we shouldn't assume that the
+   * router itself has a problem.
+   */
+  unsigned int is_bad_for_new_circs:1;
+
+  /** True iff we have decided that the other end of this connection
+   * is a client.  Channels with this flag set should never be used
+   * to satisfy an EXTEND request.  */
+  unsigned int is_client:1;
+
+  /** Set if the channel was initiated remotely (came from a listener) */
+  unsigned int is_incoming:1;
+
+  /** Set by lower layer if this is local; i.e., everything it communicates
+   * with for this channel returns true for is_local_addr().  This is used
+   * to decide whether to declare reachability when we receive something on
+   * this channel in circuitbuild.c
+   */
+  unsigned int is_local:1;
+
+  /** Channel timestamps for cell channels */
+  time_t timestamp_client; /* Client used this, according to relay.c */
+  time_t timestamp_drained; /* Output queue empty */
+  time_t timestamp_recv; /* Cell received from lower layer */
+  time_t timestamp_xmit; /* Cell sent to lower layer */
+
+  /* Timestamp for relay.c */
+  time_t timestamp_last_added_nonpadding;
+
+  /** Unique ID for measuring direct network status requests;vtunneled ones
+   * come over a circuit_t, which has a dirreq_id field as well, but is a
+   * distinct namespace. */
+  uint64_t dirreq_id;
+
+  /** Channel counters for cell channels */
+  uint64_t n_cells_recved;
+  uint64_t n_cells_xmitted;
+};
+
+struct channel_listener_s {
+  /* Current channel listener state */
+  channel_listener_state_t state;
+
+  /* Globally unique ID number for a channel over the lifetime of a Tor
+   * process.
+   */
+  uint64_t global_identifier;
+
+  /* Should we expect to see this channel in the channel lists? */
+  unsigned char registered:1;
+
+  /** Why did we close?
+   */
+  enum {
+    CHANNEL_LISTENER_NOT_CLOSING = 0,
+    CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_REQUESTED,
+    CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_FROM_BELOW,
+    CHANNEL_LISTENER_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR
+  } reason_for_closing;
+
+  /* Timestamps for both cell channels and listeners */
+  time_t timestamp_created; /* Channel created */
+  time_t timestamp_active; /* Any activity */
+
+  /* Methods implemented by the lower layer */
+
+  /* Free a channel */
+  void (*free)(channel_listener_t *);
+  /* Close an open channel */
+  void (*close)(channel_listener_t *);
+  /* Describe the transport subclass for this channel */
+  const char * (*describe_transport)(channel_listener_t *);
+  /* Optional method to dump transport-specific statistics on the channel */
+  void (*dumpstats)(channel_listener_t *, int);
+
+  /* Registered listen handler to call on incoming connection */
+  channel_listener_fn_ptr listener;
+
+  /* List of pending incoming connections */
+  smartlist_t *incoming_list;
+
+  /* Timestamps for listeners */
+  time_t timestamp_accepted;
+
+  /* Counters for listeners */
+  uint64_t n_accepted;
+};
+
+/* Channel state manipulations */
+
+int channel_state_is_valid(channel_state_t state);
+int channel_listener_state_is_valid(channel_listener_state_t state);
+
+int channel_state_can_transition(channel_state_t from, channel_state_t to);
+int channel_listener_state_can_transition(channel_listener_state_t from,
+                                          channel_listener_state_t to);
+
+const char * channel_state_to_string(channel_state_t state);
+const char *
+channel_listener_state_to_string(channel_listener_state_t state);
+
+/* Abstract channel operations */
+
+void channel_mark_for_close(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_write_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell);
+void channel_write_packed_cell(channel_t *chan, packed_cell_t *cell);
+void channel_write_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *cell);
+
+void channel_listener_mark_for_close(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* Channel callback registrations */
+
+/* Listener callback */
+channel_listener_fn_ptr
+channel_listener_get_listener_fn(channel_listener_t *chan);
+
+void channel_listener_set_listener_fn(channel_listener_t *chan,
+                                      channel_listener_fn_ptr listener);
+
+/* Incoming cell callbacks */
+channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr channel_get_cell_handler(channel_t *chan);
+
+channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr
+channel_get_var_cell_handler(channel_t *chan);
+
+void channel_set_cell_handlers(channel_t *chan,
+                               channel_cell_handler_fn_ptr cell_handler,
+                               channel_var_cell_handler_fn_ptr
+                                 var_cell_handler);
+
+/* Clean up closed channels and channel listeners periodically; these are
+ * called from run_scheduled_events() in main.c.
+ */
+void channel_run_cleanup(void);
+void channel_listener_run_cleanup(void);
+
+/* Close all channels and deallocate everything */
+void channel_free_all(void);
+
+/* Dump some statistics in the log */
+void channel_dumpstats(int severity);
+void channel_listener_dumpstats(int severity);
+
+/* Set the cmux policy on all active channels */
+void channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(circuitmux_policy_t *pol);
+
+#ifdef TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+
+/* Channel operations for subclasses and internal use only */
+
+/* Initialize a newly allocated channel - do this first in subclass
+ * constructors.
+ */
+
+void channel_init(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_init_listener(channel_listener_t *chan);
+
+/* Channel registration/unregistration */
+void channel_register(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_unregister(channel_t *chan);
+
+/* Channel listener registration/unregistration */
+void channel_listener_register(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_unregister(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* Close from below */
+void channel_close_from_lower_layer(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_close_for_error(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_closed(channel_t *chan);
+
+void channel_listener_close_from_lower_layer(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_close_for_error(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_closed(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* Free a channel */
+void channel_free(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_listener_free(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* State/metadata setters */
+
+void channel_change_state(channel_t *chan, channel_state_t to_state);
+void channel_clear_identity_digest(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_clear_remote_end(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_mark_local(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_mark_incoming(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_mark_outgoing(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_set_identity_digest(channel_t *chan,
+                                 const char *identity_digest);
+void channel_set_remote_end(channel_t *chan,
+                            const char *identity_digest,
+                            const char *nickname);
+
+void channel_listener_change_state(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                                   channel_listener_state_t to_state);
+
+/* Timestamp updates */
+void channel_timestamp_created(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_timestamp_active(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_timestamp_drained(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_timestamp_recv(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_timestamp_xmit(channel_t *chan);
+
+void channel_listener_timestamp_created(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_timestamp_active(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_timestamp_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* Incoming channel handling */
+void channel_listener_process_incoming(channel_listener_t *listener);
+void channel_listener_queue_incoming(channel_listener_t *listener,
+                                     channel_t *incoming);
+
+/* Incoming cell handling */
+void channel_process_cells(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_queue_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell);
+void channel_queue_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *var_cell);
+
+/* Outgoing cell handling */
+void channel_flush_cells(channel_t *chan);
+
+/* Request from lower layer for more cells if available */
+ssize_t channel_flush_some_cells(channel_t *chan, ssize_t num_cells);
+
+/* Query if data available on this channel */
+int channel_more_to_flush(channel_t *chan);
+
+/* Notify flushed outgoing for dirreq handling */
+void channel_notify_flushed(channel_t *chan);
+
+/* Handle stuff we need to do on open like notifying circuits */
+void channel_do_open_actions(channel_t *chan);
+
+#endif
+
+/* Helper functions to perform operations on channels */
+
+int channel_send_destroy(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan,
+                         int reason);
+
+/*
+ * Outside abstract interfaces that should eventually get turned into
+ * something transport/address format independent.
+ */
+
+channel_t * channel_connect(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                            const char *id_digest);
+
+channel_t * channel_get_for_extend(const char *digest,
+                                   const tor_addr_t *target_addr,
+                                   const char **msg_out,
+                                   int *launch_out);
+
+/* Ask which of two channels is better for circuit-extension purposes */
+int channel_is_better(time_t now,
+                      channel_t *a, channel_t *b,
+                      int forgive_new_connections);
+
+/** Channel lookups
+ */
+
+channel_t * channel_find_by_global_id(uint64_t global_identifier);
+channel_t * channel_find_by_remote_digest(const char *identity_digest);
+
+/** For things returned by channel_find_by_remote_digest(), walk the list.
+ */
+channel_t * channel_next_with_digest(channel_t *chan);
+
+/*
+ * Metadata queries/updates
+ */
+
+const char * channel_describe_transport(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_dump_statistics(channel_t *chan, int severity);
+void channel_dump_transport_statistics(channel_t *chan, int severity);
+const char * channel_get_actual_remote_descr(channel_t *chan);
+const char * channel_get_actual_remote_address(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_get_addr_if_possible(channel_t *chan, tor_addr_t *addr_out);
+const char * channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_has_queued_writes(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_mark_bad_for_new_circs(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_canonical(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_canonical_is_reliable(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_client(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_local(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_incoming(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_is_outgoing(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_mark_client(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_matches_extend_info(channel_t *chan, extend_info_t *extend_info);
+int channel_matches_target_addr_for_extend(channel_t *chan,
+                                           const tor_addr_t *target);
+unsigned int channel_num_circuits(channel_t *chan);
+void channel_set_circid_type(channel_t *chan, crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd,
+                             int consider_identity);
+void channel_timestamp_client(channel_t *chan);
+
+const char * channel_listener_describe_transport(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+void channel_listener_dump_statistics(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                                      int severity);
+void channel_listener_dump_transport_statistics(channel_listener_t *chan_l,
+                                                int severity);
+
+/* Timestamp queries */
+time_t channel_when_created(channel_t *chan);
+time_t channel_when_last_active(channel_t *chan);
+time_t channel_when_last_client(channel_t *chan);
+time_t channel_when_last_drained(channel_t *chan);
+time_t channel_when_last_recv(channel_t *chan);
+time_t channel_when_last_xmit(channel_t *chan);
+
+time_t channel_listener_when_created(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+time_t channel_listener_when_last_active(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+time_t channel_listener_when_last_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/* Counter queries */
+uint64_t channel_count_recved(channel_t *chan);
+uint64_t channel_count_xmitted(channel_t *chan);
+
+uint64_t channel_listener_count_accepted(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/channeltls.c b/src/or/channeltls.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5428c1abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/channeltls.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2037 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file channeltls.c
+ * \brief channel_t concrete subclass using or_connection_t
+ **/
+
+/*
+ * Define this so channel.h gives us things only channel_t subclasses
+ * should touch.
+ */
+
+#define TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+#include "circuitmux_ewma.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "connection_or.h"
+#include "control.h"
+#include "relay.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "routerlist.h"
+
+/** How many CELL_PADDING cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_padding_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_VERSIONS cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_versions_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_NETINFO cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_netinfo_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_VPADDING cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_vpadding_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_CERTS cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_certs_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_AUTH_CHALLENGE cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_auth_challenge_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_AUTHENTICATE cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_authenticate_cells_processed = 0;
+/** How many CELL_AUTHORIZE cells have we received, ever? */
+uint64_t stats_n_authorize_cells_processed = 0;
+
+/** Active listener, if any */
+channel_listener_t *channel_tls_listener = NULL;
+
+/* Utility function declarations */
+static void channel_tls_common_init(channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+
+/* channel_tls_t method declarations */
+
+static void channel_tls_close_method(channel_t *chan);
+static const char * channel_tls_describe_transport_method(channel_t *chan);
+static void channel_tls_free_method(channel_t *chan);
+static int
+channel_tls_get_remote_addr_method(channel_t *chan, tor_addr_t *addr_out);
+static const char *
+channel_tls_get_remote_descr_method(channel_t *chan, int flags);
+static int channel_tls_has_queued_writes_method(channel_t *chan);
+static int channel_tls_is_canonical_method(channel_t *chan, int req);
+static int
+channel_tls_matches_extend_info_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                       extend_info_t *extend_info);
+static int channel_tls_matches_target_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                             const tor_addr_t *target);
+static int channel_tls_write_cell_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                         cell_t *cell);
+static int channel_tls_write_packed_cell_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                                packed_cell_t *packed_cell);
+static int channel_tls_write_var_cell_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                             var_cell_t *var_cell);
+
+/* channel_listener_tls_t method declarations */
+
+static void channel_tls_listener_close_method(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+static const char *
+channel_tls_listener_describe_transport_method(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
+
+/** Handle incoming cells for the handshake stuff here rather than
+ * passing them on up. */
+
+static void channel_tls_process_versions_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
+                                              channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+static void channel_tls_process_netinfo_cell(cell_t *cell,
+                                             channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+static void channel_tls_process_certs_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
+                                           channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+static void channel_tls_process_auth_challenge_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
+                                                    channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+static void channel_tls_process_authenticate_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
+                                                  channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+static int command_allowed_before_handshake(uint8_t command);
+static int enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
+                                        channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+
+/**
+ * Do parts of channel_tls_t initialization common to channel_tls_connect()
+ * and channel_tls_handle_incoming().
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_common_init(channel_tls_t *tlschan)
+{
+  channel_t *chan;
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+
+  chan = &(tlschan->base_);
+  channel_init(chan);
+  chan->magic = TLS_CHAN_MAGIC;
+  chan->state = CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING;
+  chan->close = channel_tls_close_method;
+  chan->describe_transport = channel_tls_describe_transport_method;
+  chan->free = channel_tls_free_method;
+  chan->get_remote_addr = channel_tls_get_remote_addr_method;
+  chan->get_remote_descr = channel_tls_get_remote_descr_method;
+  chan->has_queued_writes = channel_tls_has_queued_writes_method;
+  chan->is_canonical = channel_tls_is_canonical_method;
+  chan->matches_extend_info = channel_tls_matches_extend_info_method;
+  chan->matches_target = channel_tls_matches_target_method;
+  chan->write_cell = channel_tls_write_cell_method;
+  chan->write_packed_cell = channel_tls_write_packed_cell_method;
+  chan->write_var_cell = channel_tls_write_var_cell_method;
+
+  chan->cmux = circuitmux_alloc();
+  if (cell_ewma_enabled()) {
+    circuitmux_set_policy(chan->cmux, &ewma_policy);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Start a new TLS channel
+ *
+ * Launch a new OR connection to <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> and expect to
+ * handshake with an OR with identity digest <b>id_digest</b>, and wrap
+ * it in a channel_tls_t.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_tls_connect(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                    const char *id_digest)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*tlschan));
+  channel_t *chan = &(tlschan->base_);
+
+  channel_tls_common_init(tlschan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "In channel_tls_connect() for channel %p "
+            "(global id " U64_FORMAT ")",
+            tlschan,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  if (is_local_addr(addr)) channel_mark_local(chan);
+  channel_mark_outgoing(chan);
+
+  /* Set up or_connection stuff */
+  tlschan->conn = connection_or_connect(addr, port, id_digest, tlschan);
+  /* connection_or_connect() will fill in tlschan->conn */
+  if (!(tlschan->conn)) {
+    chan->reason_for_closing = CHANNEL_CLOSE_FOR_ERROR;
+    channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Got orconn %p for channel with global id " U64_FORMAT,
+            tlschan->conn, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  circuitmux_free(chan->cmux);
+  tor_free(tlschan);
+  chan = NULL;
+
+ done:
+  /* If we got one, we should register it */
+  if (chan) channel_register(chan);
+
+  return chan;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the current channel_tls_t listener
+ *
+ * Returns the current channel listener for incoming TLS connections, or
+ * NULL if none has been established
+ */
+
+channel_listener_t *
+channel_tls_get_listener(void)
+{
+  return channel_tls_listener;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Start a channel_tls_t listener if necessary
+ *
+ * Return the current channel_tls_t listener, or start one if we haven't yet,
+ * and return that.
+ */
+
+channel_listener_t *
+channel_tls_start_listener(void)
+{
+  channel_listener_t *listener;
+
+  if (!channel_tls_listener) {
+    listener = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*listener));
+    channel_init_listener(listener);
+    listener->state = CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING;
+    listener->close = channel_tls_listener_close_method;
+    listener->describe_transport =
+      channel_tls_listener_describe_transport_method;
+
+    channel_tls_listener = listener;
+
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Starting TLS channel listener %p with global id " U64_FORMAT,
+              listener, U64_PRINTF_ARG(listener->global_identifier));
+
+    channel_listener_register(listener);
+  } else listener = channel_tls_listener;
+
+  return listener;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free everything on shutdown
+ *
+ * Not much to do here, since channel_free_all() takes care of a lot, but let's
+ * get rid of the listener.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_tls_free_all(void)
+{
+  channel_listener_t *old_listener = NULL;
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Shutting down TLS channels...");
+
+  if (channel_tls_listener) {
+    /*
+     * When we close it, channel_tls_listener will get nulled out, so save
+     * a pointer so we can free it.
+     */
+    old_listener = channel_tls_listener;
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Closing channel_tls_listener with ID " U64_FORMAT
+              " at %p.",
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(old_listener->global_identifier),
+              old_listener);
+    channel_listener_unregister(old_listener);
+    channel_listener_mark_for_close(old_listener);
+    channel_listener_free(old_listener);
+    tor_assert(channel_tls_listener == NULL);
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Done shutting down TLS channels");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new channel around an incoming or_connection_t
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_tls_handle_incoming(or_connection_t *orconn)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*tlschan));
+  channel_t *chan = &(tlschan->base_);
+
+  tor_assert(orconn);
+  tor_assert(!(orconn->chan));
+
+  channel_tls_common_init(tlschan);
+
+  /* Link the channel and orconn to each other */
+  tlschan->conn = orconn;
+  orconn->chan = tlschan;
+
+  if (is_local_addr(&(TO_CONN(orconn)->addr))) channel_mark_local(chan);
+  channel_mark_incoming(chan);
+
+  /* If we got one, we should register it */
+  if (chan) channel_register(chan);
+
+  return chan;
+}
+
+/*********
+ * Casts *
+ ********/
+
+/**
+ * Cast a channel_tls_t to a channel_t.
+ */
+
+channel_t *
+channel_tls_to_base(channel_tls_t *tlschan)
+{
+  if (!tlschan) return NULL;
+
+  return &(tlschan->base_);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cast a channel_t to a channel_tls_t, with appropriate type-checking
+ * asserts.
+ */
+
+channel_tls_t *
+channel_tls_from_base(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  if (!chan) return NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(chan->magic == TLS_CHAN_MAGIC);
+
+  return (channel_tls_t *)(chan);
+}
+
+/********************************************
+ * Method implementations for channel_tls_t *
+ *******************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Close a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the close method for channel_tls_t
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_close_method(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) connection_or_close_normally(tlschan->conn, 1);
+  else {
+    /* Weird - we'll have to change the state ourselves, I guess */
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "Tried to close channel_tls_t %p with NULL conn",
+             tlschan);
+    channel_change_state(chan, CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Describe the transport for a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This returns the string "TLS channel on connection <id>" to the upper
+ * layer.
+ */
+
+static const char *
+channel_tls_describe_transport_method(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  static char *buf = NULL;
+  uint64_t id;
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan;
+  const char *rv = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    id = TO_CONN(tlschan->conn)->global_identifier;
+
+    if (buf) tor_free(buf);
+    tor_asprintf(&buf,
+                 "TLS channel (connection " U64_FORMAT ")",
+                 U64_PRINTF_ARG(id));
+
+    rv = buf;
+  } else {
+    rv = "TLS channel (no connection)";
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This is called by the generic channel layer when freeing a channel_tls_t;
+ * this happens either on a channel which has already reached
+ * CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED or CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR from channel_run_cleanup() or
+ * on shutdown from channel_free_all().  In the latter case we might still
+ * have an orconn active (which connection_free_all() will get to later),
+ * so we should null out its channel pointer now.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_free_method(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    tlschan->conn->chan = NULL;
+    tlschan->conn = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the remote address of a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the get_remote_addr method for channel_tls_t; copy the
+ * remote endpoint of the channel to addr_out and return 1 (always
+ * succeeds for this transport).
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_get_remote_addr_method(channel_t *chan, tor_addr_t *addr_out)
+{
+  int rv = 0;
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(addr_out);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    tor_addr_copy(addr_out, &(TO_CONN(tlschan->conn)->addr));
+    rv = 1;
+  } else tor_addr_make_unspec(addr_out);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get endpoint description of a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the get_remote_descr method for channel_tls_t; it returns
+ * a text description of the remote endpoint of the channel suitable for use
+ * in log messages.  The req parameter is 0 for the canonical address or 1 for
+ * the actual address seen.
+ */
+
+static const char *
+channel_tls_get_remote_descr_method(channel_t *chan, int flags)
+{
+#define MAX_DESCR_LEN 32
+
+  static char buf[MAX_DESCR_LEN + 1];
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+  connection_t *conn;
+  const char *answer = NULL;
+  char *addr_str;
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    conn = TO_CONN(tlschan->conn);
+    switch (flags) {
+      case 0:
+        /* Canonical address with port*/
+        tor_snprintf(buf, MAX_DESCR_LEN + 1,
+                     "%s:%u", conn->address, conn->port);
+        answer = buf;
+        break;
+      case GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL:
+        /* Actual address with port */
+        addr_str = tor_dup_addr(&(tlschan->conn->real_addr));
+        tor_snprintf(buf, MAX_DESCR_LEN + 1,
+                     "%s:%u", addr_str, conn->port);
+        tor_free(addr_str);
+        answer = buf;
+        break;
+      case GRD_FLAG_ADDR_ONLY:
+        /* Canonical address, no port */
+        strlcpy(buf, conn->address, sizeof(buf));
+        answer = buf;
+        break;
+      case GRD_FLAG_ORIGINAL|GRD_FLAG_ADDR_ONLY:
+        /* Actual address, no port */
+        addr_str = tor_dup_addr(&(tlschan->conn->real_addr));
+        strlcpy(buf, addr_str, sizeof(buf));
+        tor_free(addr_str);
+        answer = buf;
+        break;
+      default:
+        /* Something's broken in channel.c */
+        tor_assert(1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    strlcpy(buf, "(No connection)", sizeof(buf));
+    answer = buf;
+  }
+
+  return answer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tell the upper layer if we have queued writes
+ *
+ * This implements the has_queued_writes method for channel_tls t_; it returns
+ * 1 iff we have queued writes on the outbuf of the underlying or_connection_t.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_has_queued_writes_method(channel_t *chan)
+{
+  size_t outbuf_len;
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  if (!(tlschan->conn)) {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called has_queued_writes on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+  }
+
+  outbuf_len = (tlschan->conn != NULL) ?
+    connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(tlschan->conn)) :
+    0;
+
+  return (outbuf_len > 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tell the upper layer if we're canonical
+ *
+ * This implements the is_canonical method for channel_tls_t; if req is zero,
+ * it returns whether this is a canonical channel, and if it is one it returns
+ * whether that can be relied upon.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_is_canonical_method(channel_t *chan, int req)
+{
+  int answer = 0;
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    switch (req) {
+      case 0:
+        answer = tlschan->conn->is_canonical;
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        /*
+         * Is the is_canonical bit reliable?  In protocols version 2 and up
+         * we get the canonical address from a NETINFO cell, but in older
+         * versions it might be based on an obsolete descriptor.
+         */
+        answer = (tlschan->conn->link_proto >= 2);
+        break;
+      default:
+        /* This shouldn't happen; channel.c is broken if it does */
+        tor_assert(1);
+    }
+  }
+  /* else return 0 for tlschan->conn == NULL */
+
+  return answer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if we match an extend_info_t
+ *
+ * This implements the matches_extend_info method for channel_tls_t; the upper
+ * layer wants to know if this channel matches an extend_info_t.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_matches_extend_info_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                       extend_info_t *extend_info)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(extend_info);
+
+  /* Never match if we have no conn */
+  if (!(tlschan->conn)) {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called matches_extend_info on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return (tor_addr_eq(&(extend_info->addr),
+                      &(TO_CONN(tlschan->conn)->addr)) &&
+         (extend_info->port == TO_CONN(tlschan->conn)->port));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if we match a target address; return true iff we do.
+ *
+ * This implements the matches_target method for channel_tls t_; the upper
+ * layer wants to know if this channel matches a target address when extending
+ * a circuit.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_matches_target_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                  const tor_addr_t *target)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(target);
+
+  /* Never match if we have no conn */
+  if (!(tlschan->conn)) {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called matches_target on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return tor_addr_eq(&(tlschan->conn->real_addr), target);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a cell to a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the write_cell method for channel_tls_t; given a
+ * channel_tls_t and a cell_t, transmit the cell_t.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_write_cell_method(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+  int written = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(cell);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    connection_or_write_cell_to_buf(cell, tlschan->conn);
+    ++written;
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called write_cell on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+  }
+
+  return written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a packed cell to a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the write_packed_cell method for channel_tls_t; given a
+ * channel_tls_t and a packed_cell_t, transmit the packed_cell_t.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_write_packed_cell_method(channel_t *chan,
+                                     packed_cell_t *packed_cell)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+  size_t cell_network_size = get_cell_network_size(chan->wide_circ_ids);
+  int written = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(packed_cell);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    connection_write_to_buf(packed_cell->body, cell_network_size,
+                            TO_CONN(tlschan->conn));
+
+    /* This is where the cell is finished; used to be done from relay.c */
+    packed_cell_free(packed_cell);
+    ++written;
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called write_packed_cell on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+  }
+
+  return written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write a variable-length cell to a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This implements the write_var_cell method for channel_tls_t; given a
+ * channel_tls_t and a var_cell_t, transmit the var_cell_t.
+ */
+
+static int
+channel_tls_write_var_cell_method(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *var_cell)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *tlschan = BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(chan);
+  int written = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(tlschan);
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
+
+  if (tlschan->conn) {
+    connection_or_write_var_cell_to_buf(var_cell, tlschan->conn);
+    ++written;
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "something called write_var_cell on a tlschan "
+             "(%p with ID " U64_FORMAT " but no conn",
+             chan, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+  }
+
+  return written;
+}
+
+/*************************************************
+ * Method implementations for channel_listener_t *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Close a channel_listener_t
+ *
+ * This implements the close method for channel_listener_t
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_listener_close_method(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  /*
+   * Listeners we just go ahead and change state through to CLOSED, but
+   * make sure to check if they're channel_tls_listener to NULL it out.
+   */
+  if (chan_l == channel_tls_listener)
+    channel_tls_listener = NULL;
+
+  if (!(chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING ||
+        chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+        chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR)) {
+    channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING);
+  }
+
+  if (chan_l->incoming_list) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(chan_l->incoming_list,
+                            channel_t *, ichan) {
+      channel_mark_for_close(ichan);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ichan);
+
+    smartlist_free(chan_l->incoming_list);
+    chan_l->incoming_list = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!(chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED ||
+        chan_l->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR)) {
+    channel_listener_change_state(chan_l, CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Describe the transport for a channel_listener_t
+ *
+ * This returns the string "TLS channel (listening)" to the upper
+ * layer.
+ */
+
+static const char *
+channel_tls_listener_describe_transport_method(channel_listener_t *chan_l)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan_l);
+
+  return "TLS channel (listening)";
+}
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * Functions for handling events on an or_connection_t *
+ ******************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Handle an orconn state change
+ *
+ * This function will be called by connection_or.c when the or_connection_t
+ * associated with this channel_tls_t changes state.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_tls_handle_state_change_on_orconn(channel_tls_t *chan,
+                                          or_connection_t *conn,
+                                          uint8_t old_state,
+                                          uint8_t state)
+{
+  channel_t *base_chan;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(conn);
+  tor_assert(conn->chan == chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn == conn);
+  /* -Werror appeasement */
+  tor_assert(old_state == old_state);
+
+  base_chan = TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan);
+
+  /* Make sure the base connection state makes sense - shouldn't be error,
+   * closed or listening. */
+
+  tor_assert(base_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING ||
+             base_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN ||
+             base_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT ||
+             base_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING);
+
+  /* Did we just go to state open? */
+  if (state == OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) {
+    /*
+     * We can go to CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN from CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING or
+     * CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT on this.
+     */
+    channel_change_state(base_chan, CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * Not open, so from CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN we go to CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT,
+     * otherwise no change.
+     */
+    if (base_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+      channel_change_state(base_chan, CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flush cells from a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * Try to flush up to about num_cells cells, and return how many we flushed.
+ */
+
+ssize_t
+channel_tls_flush_some_cells(channel_tls_t *chan, ssize_t num_cells)
+{
+  ssize_t flushed = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (flushed >= num_cells) goto done;
+
+  /*
+   * If channel_tls_t ever buffers anything below the channel_t layer, flush
+   * that first here.
+   */
+
+  flushed += channel_flush_some_cells(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan),
+                                      num_cells - flushed);
+
+  /*
+   * If channel_tls_t ever buffers anything below the channel_t layer, check
+   * how much we actually got and push it on down here.
+   */
+
+ done:
+  return flushed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a channel_tls_t has anything to flush
+ *
+ * Return true if there is any more to flush on this channel (cells in queue
+ * or active circuits).
+ */
+
+int
+channel_tls_more_to_flush(channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  /*
+   * If channel_tls_t ever buffers anything below channel_t, the
+   * check for that should go here first.
+   */
+
+  return channel_more_to_flush(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan));
+}
+
+#ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
+
+/**
+ * Timing states wrapper
+ *
+ * This is a wrapper function around the actual function that processes the
+ * <b>cell</b> that just arrived on <b>chan</b>. Increment <b>*time</b>
+ * by the number of microseconds used by the call to <b>*func(cell, chan)</b>.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_time_process_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan, int *time,
+                              void (*func)(cell_t *, channel_tls_t *))
+{
+  struct timeval start, end;
+  long time_passed;
+
+  tor_gettimeofday(&start);
+
+  (*func)(cell, chan);
+
+  tor_gettimeofday(&end);
+  time_passed = tv_udiff(&start, &end) ;
+
+  if (time_passed > 10000) { /* more than 10ms */
+    log_debug(LD_OR,"That call just took %ld ms.",time_passed/1000);
+  }
+
+  if (time_passed < 0) {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL,"That call took us back in time!");
+    time_passed = 0;
+  }
+
+  *time += time_passed;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Handle an incoming cell on a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This is called from connection_or.c to handle an arriving cell; it checks
+ * for cell types specific to the handshake for this transport protocol and
+ * handles them, and queues all other cells to the channel_t layer, which
+ * eventually will hand them off to command.c.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_tls_handle_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *chan;
+  int handshaking;
+
+#ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
+#define PROCESS_CELL(tp, cl, cn) STMT_BEGIN {                   \
+    ++num ## tp;                                                \
+    channel_tls_time_process_cell(cl, cn, & tp ## time ,            \
+                             channel_tls_process_ ## tp ## _cell);  \
+    } STMT_END
+#else
+#define PROCESS_CELL(tp, cl, cn) channel_tls_process_ ## tp ## _cell(cl, cn)
+#endif
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  chan = conn->chan;
+
+ if (!chan) {
+   log_warn(LD_CHANNEL,
+            "Got a cell_t on an OR connection with no channel");
+   return;
+  }
+
+  handshaking = (TO_CONN(conn)->state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN);
+
+  if (conn->base_.marked_for_close)
+    return;
+
+  /* Reject all but VERSIONS and NETINFO when handshaking. */
+  /* (VERSIONS should actually be impossible; it's variable-length.) */
+  if (handshaking && cell->command != CELL_VERSIONS &&
+      cell->command != CELL_NETINFO) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+           "Received unexpected cell command %d in chan state %s / "
+           "conn state %s; closing the connection.",
+           (int)cell->command,
+           channel_state_to_string(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+           conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR, TO_CONN(conn)->state));
+    connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    or_handshake_state_record_cell(conn, conn->handshake_state, cell, 1);
+
+  switch (cell->command) {
+    case CELL_PADDING:
+      ++stats_n_padding_cells_processed;
+      /* do nothing */
+      break;
+    case CELL_VERSIONS:
+      tor_fragile_assert();
+      break;
+    case CELL_NETINFO:
+      ++stats_n_netinfo_cells_processed;
+      PROCESS_CELL(netinfo, cell, chan);
+      break;
+    case CELL_CREATE:
+    case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+    case CELL_CREATED:
+    case CELL_CREATED_FAST:
+    case CELL_RELAY:
+    case CELL_RELAY_EARLY:
+    case CELL_DESTROY:
+    case CELL_CREATE2:
+    case CELL_CREATED2:
+      /*
+       * These are all transport independent and we pass them up through the
+       * channel_t mechanism.  They are ultimately handled in command.c.
+       */
+      channel_queue_cell(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan), cell);
+      break;
+    default:
+      log_fn(LOG_INFO, LD_PROTOCOL,
+             "Cell of unknown type (%d) received in channeltls.c.  "
+             "Dropping.",
+             cell->command);
+             break;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle an incoming variable-length cell on a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * Process a <b>var_cell</b> that was just received on <b>conn</b>. Keep
+ * internal statistics about how many of each cell we've processed so far
+ * this second, and the total number of microseconds it took to
+ * process each type of cell.  All the var_cell commands are handshake-
+ * related and live below the channel_t layer, so no variable-length
+ * cells ever get delivered in the current implementation, but I've left
+ * the mechanism in place for future use.
+ */
+
+void
+channel_tls_handle_var_cell(var_cell_t *var_cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+{
+  channel_tls_t *chan;
+
+#ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
+  /* how many of each cell have we seen so far this second? needs better
+   * name. */
+  static int num_versions = 0, num_certs = 0;
+  static time_t current_second = 0; /* from previous calls to time */
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  if (current_second == 0) current_second = now;
+  if (now > current_second) { /* the second has rolled over */
+    /* print stats */
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "At end of second: %d versions (%d ms), %d certs (%d ms)",
+             num_versions, versions_time / ((now - current_second) * 1000),
+             num_certs, certs_time / ((now - current_second) * 1000));
+
+    num_versions = num_certs = 0;
+    versions_time = certs_time = 0;
+
+    /* remember which second it is, for next time */
+    current_second = now;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  chan = conn->chan;
+
+  if (!chan) {
+    log_warn(LD_CHANNEL,
+             "Got a var_cell_t on an OR connection with no channel");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TO_CONN(conn)->marked_for_close)
+    return;
+
+  switch (TO_CONN(conn)->state) {
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2:
+      if (var_cell->command != CELL_VERSIONS) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+               "Received a cell with command %d in unexpected "
+               "orconn state \"%s\" [%d], channel state \"%s\" [%d]; "
+               "closing the connection.",
+               (int)(var_cell->command),
+               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR, TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+               TO_CONN(conn)->state,
+               channel_state_to_string(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+               (int)(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state));
+        /*
+         * The code in connection_or.c will tell channel_t to close for
+         * error; it will go to CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING, and then to
+         * CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR when conn is closed.
+         */
+        connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING:
+      /* If we're using bufferevents, it's entirely possible for us to
+       * notice "hey, data arrived!" before we notice "hey, the handshake
+       * finished!" And we need to be accepting both at once to handle both
+       * the v2 and v3 handshakes. */
+
+      /* fall through */
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING:
+      if (!(command_allowed_before_handshake(var_cell->command))) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+               "Received a cell with command %d in unexpected "
+               "orconn state \"%s\" [%d], channel state \"%s\" [%d]; "
+               "closing the connection.",
+               (int)(var_cell->command),
+               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR, TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+               (int)(TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+               channel_state_to_string(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+               (int)(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state));
+        /* see above comment about CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR */
+        connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
+        return;
+      } else {
+        if (enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell, chan) < 0)
+          return;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3:
+      if (var_cell->command != CELL_AUTHENTICATE)
+        or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(conn, conn->handshake_state,
+                                           var_cell, 1);
+      break; /* Everything is allowed */
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
+      if (conn->link_proto < 3) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+               "Received a variable-length cell with command %d in orconn "
+               "state %s [%d], channel state %s [%d] with link protocol %d; "
+               "ignoring it.",
+               (int)(var_cell->command),
+               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR, TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+               (int)(TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+               channel_state_to_string(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+               (int)(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+               (int)(conn->link_proto));
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+             "Received var-length cell with command %d in unexpected "
+             "orconn state \"%s\" [%d], channel state \"%s\" [%d]; "
+             "ignoring it.",
+             (int)(var_cell->command),
+             conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR, TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+             (int)(TO_CONN(conn)->state),
+             channel_state_to_string(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state),
+             (int)(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->state));
+      return;
+  }
+
+  /* Now handle the cell */
+
+  switch (var_cell->command) {
+    case CELL_VERSIONS:
+      ++stats_n_versions_cells_processed;
+      PROCESS_CELL(versions, var_cell, chan);
+      break;
+    case CELL_VPADDING:
+      ++stats_n_vpadding_cells_processed;
+      /* Do nothing */
+      break;
+    case CELL_CERTS:
+      ++stats_n_certs_cells_processed;
+      PROCESS_CELL(certs, var_cell, chan);
+      break;
+    case CELL_AUTH_CHALLENGE:
+      ++stats_n_auth_challenge_cells_processed;
+      PROCESS_CELL(auth_challenge, var_cell, chan);
+      break;
+    case CELL_AUTHENTICATE:
+      ++stats_n_authenticate_cells_processed;
+      PROCESS_CELL(authenticate, var_cell, chan);
+      break;
+    case CELL_AUTHORIZE:
+      ++stats_n_authorize_cells_processed;
+      /* Ignored so far. */
+      break;
+    default:
+      log_fn(LOG_INFO, LD_PROTOCOL,
+             "Variable-length cell of unknown type (%d) received.",
+             (int)(var_cell->command));
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if this cell type is allowed before the handshake is finished
+ *
+ * Return true if <b>command</b> is a cell command that's allowed to start a
+ * V3 handshake.
+ */
+
+static int
+command_allowed_before_handshake(uint8_t command)
+{
+  switch (command) {
+    case CELL_VERSIONS:
+    case CELL_VPADDING:
+    case CELL_AUTHORIZE:
+      return 1;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Start a V3 handshake on an incoming connection
+ *
+ * Called when we as a server receive an appropriate cell while waiting
+ * either for a cell or a TLS handshake.  Set the connection's state to
+ * "handshaking_v3', initializes the or_handshake_state field as needed,
+ * and add the cell to the hash of incoming cells.)
+ */
+
+static int
+enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  int started_here = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+  started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(chan->conn);
+
+  tor_assert(TO_CONN(chan->conn)->state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING ||
+             TO_CONN(chan->conn)->state ==
+               OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING);
+
+  if (started_here) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Received a cell while TLS-handshaking, not in "
+           "OR_HANDSHAKING_V3, on a connection we originated.");
+  }
+  connection_or_block_renegotiation(chan->conn);
+  chan->conn->base_.state = OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3;
+  if (connection_init_or_handshake_state(chan->conn, started_here) < 0) {
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(chan->conn,
+                                     chan->conn->handshake_state, cell, 1);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process a 'versions' cell.
+ *
+ * This function is called to handle an incoming VERSIONS cell; the current
+ * link protocol version must be 0 to indicate that no version has yet been
+ * negotiated.  We compare the versions in the cell to the list of versions
+ * we support, pick the highest version we have in common, and continue the
+ * negotiation from there.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_process_versions_cell(var_cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  int highest_supported_version = 0;
+  const uint8_t *cp, *end;
+  int started_here = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+  started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(chan->conn);
+
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto != 0 ||
+      (chan->conn->handshake_state &&
+       chan->conn->handshake_state->received_versions)) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Received a VERSIONS cell on a connection with its version "
+           "already set to %d; dropping",
+           (int)(chan->conn->link_proto));
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (chan->conn->base_.state)
+    {
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2:
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3:
+      break;
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING:
+    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING:
+    default:
+      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+             "VERSIONS cell while in unexpected state");
+      return;
+  }
+
+  tor_assert(chan->conn->handshake_state);
+  end = cell->payload + cell->payload_len;
+  for (cp = cell->payload; cp+1 < end; cp += 2) {
+    uint16_t v = ntohs(get_uint16(cp));
+    if (is_or_protocol_version_known(v) && v > highest_supported_version)
+      highest_supported_version = v;
+  }
+  if (!highest_supported_version) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Couldn't find a version in common between my version list and the "
+           "list in the VERSIONS cell; closing connection.");
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  } else if (highest_supported_version == 1) {
+    /* Negotiating version 1 makes no sense, since version 1 has no VERSIONS
+     * cells. */
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Used version negotiation protocol to negotiate a v1 connection. "
+           "That's crazily non-compliant. Closing connection.");
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  } else if (highest_supported_version < 3 &&
+             chan->conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Negotiated link protocol 2 or lower after doing a v3 TLS "
+           "handshake. Closing connection.");
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  } else if (highest_supported_version != 2 &&
+             chan->conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2) {
+    /* XXXX This should eventually be a log_protocol_warn */
+    log_fn(LOG_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Negotiated link with non-2 protocol after doing a v2 TLS "
+           "handshake with %s. Closing connection.",
+           fmt_addr(&chan->conn->base_.addr));
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  chan->conn->link_proto = highest_supported_version;
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->received_versions = 1;
+
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto == 2) {
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Negotiated version %d with %s:%d; sending NETINFO.",
+             highest_supported_version,
+             safe_str_client(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port);
+
+    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(chan->conn) < 0) {
+      connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    const int send_versions = !started_here;
+    /* If we want to authenticate, send a CERTS cell */
+    const int send_certs = !started_here || public_server_mode(get_options());
+    /* If we're a host that got a connection, ask for authentication. */
+    const int send_chall = !started_here;
+    /* If our certs cell will authenticate us, we can send a netinfo cell
+     * right now. */
+    const int send_netinfo = !started_here;
+    const int send_any =
+      send_versions || send_certs || send_chall || send_netinfo;
+    tor_assert(chan->conn->link_proto >= 3);
+
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Negotiated version %d with %s:%d; %s%s%s%s%s",
+             highest_supported_version,
+             safe_str_client(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port,
+             send_any ? "Sending cells:" : "Waiting for CERTS cell",
+             send_versions ? " VERSIONS" : "",
+             send_certs ? " CERTS" : "",
+             send_chall ? " AUTH_CHALLENGE" : "",
+             send_netinfo ? " NETINFO" : "");
+
+#ifdef DISABLE_V3_LINKPROTO_SERVERSIDE
+    if (1) {
+      connection_or_close_normally(chan->conn, 1);
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (send_versions) {
+      if (connection_or_send_versions(chan->conn, 1) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send versions cell");
+        connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* We set this after sending the verions cell. */
+    /*XXXXX symbolic const.*/
+    chan->base_.wide_circ_ids =
+      chan->conn->link_proto >= MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS;
+    chan->conn->wide_circ_ids = chan->base_.wide_circ_ids;
+
+    if (send_certs) {
+      if (connection_or_send_certs_cell(chan->conn) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send certs cell");
+        connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    if (send_chall) {
+      if (connection_or_send_auth_challenge_cell(chan->conn) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send auth_challenge cell");
+        connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    if (send_netinfo) {
+      if (connection_or_send_netinfo(chan->conn) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
+        connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process a 'netinfo' cell
+ *
+ * This function is called to handle an incoming NETINFO cell; read and act
+ * on its contents, and set the connection state to "open".
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_process_netinfo_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  time_t timestamp;
+  uint8_t my_addr_type;
+  uint8_t my_addr_len;
+  const uint8_t *my_addr_ptr;
+  const uint8_t *cp, *end;
+  uint8_t n_other_addrs;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+
+  long apparent_skew = 0;
+  tor_addr_t my_apparent_addr = TOR_ADDR_NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto < 2) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Received a NETINFO cell on %s connection; dropping.",
+           chan->conn->link_proto == 0 ? "non-versioned" : "a v1");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (chan->conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2 &&
+      chan->conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Received a NETINFO cell on non-handshaking connection; dropping.");
+    return;
+  }
+  tor_assert(chan->conn->handshake_state &&
+             chan->conn->handshake_state->received_versions);
+
+  if (chan->conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
+    tor_assert(chan->conn->link_proto >= 3);
+    if (chan->conn->handshake_state->started_here) {
+      if (!(chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated)) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+               "Got a NETINFO cell from server, "
+               "but no authentication.  Closing the connection.");
+        connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      /* we're the server.  If the client never authenticated, we have
+         some housekeeping to do.*/
+      if (!(chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated)) {
+        tor_assert(tor_digest_is_zero(
+                  (const char*)(chan->conn->handshake_state->
+                      authenticated_peer_id)));
+        channel_set_circid_type(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan), NULL,
+               chan->conn->link_proto < MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS);
+
+        connection_or_init_conn_from_address(chan->conn,
+                  &(chan->conn->base_.addr),
+                  chan->conn->base_.port,
+                  (const char*)(chan->conn->handshake_state->
+                   authenticated_peer_id),
+                  0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Decode the cell. */
+  timestamp = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload));
+  if (labs(now - chan->conn->handshake_state->sent_versions_at) < 180) {
+    apparent_skew = now - timestamp;
+  }
+
+  my_addr_type = (uint8_t) cell->payload[4];
+  my_addr_len = (uint8_t) cell->payload[5];
+  my_addr_ptr = (uint8_t*) cell->payload + 6;
+  end = cell->payload + CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  cp = cell->payload + 6 + my_addr_len;
+  if (cp >= end) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Addresses too long in netinfo cell; closing connection.");
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  } else if (my_addr_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && my_addr_len == 4) {
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&my_apparent_addr, get_uint32(my_addr_ptr));
+  } else if (my_addr_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6 && my_addr_len == 16) {
+    tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&my_apparent_addr, (const char *) my_addr_ptr);
+  }
+
+  n_other_addrs = (uint8_t) *cp++;
+  while (n_other_addrs && cp < end-2) {
+    /* Consider all the other addresses; if any matches, this connection is
+     * "canonical." */
+    tor_addr_t addr;
+    const uint8_t *next =
+      decode_address_from_payload(&addr, cp, (int)(end-cp));
+    if (next == NULL) {
+      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN,  LD_OR,
+             "Bad address in netinfo cell; closing connection.");
+      connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&addr, &(chan->conn->real_addr))) {
+      chan->conn->is_canonical = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    cp = next;
+    --n_other_addrs;
+  }
+
+  /* Act on apparent skew. */
+  /** Warn when we get a netinfo skew with at least this value. */
+#define NETINFO_NOTICE_SKEW 3600
+  if (labs(apparent_skew) > NETINFO_NOTICE_SKEW &&
+      router_get_by_id_digest(chan->conn->identity_digest)) {
+    char dbuf[64];
+    int severity;
+    /*XXXX be smarter about when everybody says we are skewed. */
+    if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(chan->conn->identity_digest))
+      severity = LOG_WARN;
+    else
+      severity = LOG_INFO;
+    format_time_interval(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), apparent_skew);
+    log_fn(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+           "Received NETINFO cell with skewed time from "
+           "server at %s:%d.  It seems that our clock is %s by %s, or "
+           "that theirs is %s. Tor requires an accurate clock to work: "
+           "please check your time and date settings.",
+           chan->conn->base_.address,
+           (int)(chan->conn->base_.port),
+           apparent_skew > 0 ? "ahead" : "behind",
+           dbuf,
+           apparent_skew > 0 ? "behind" : "ahead");
+    if (severity == LOG_WARN) /* only tell the controller if an authority */
+      control_event_general_status(LOG_WARN,
+                          "CLOCK_SKEW SKEW=%ld SOURCE=OR:%s:%d",
+                          apparent_skew,
+                          chan->conn->base_.address,
+                          chan->conn->base_.port);
+  }
+
+  /* XXX maybe act on my_apparent_addr, if the source is sufficiently
+   * trustworthy. */
+
+  if (! chan->conn->handshake_state->sent_netinfo) {
+    /* If we were prepared to authenticate, but we never got an AUTH_CHALLENGE
+     * cell, then we would not previously have sent a NETINFO cell. Do so
+     * now. */
+    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(chan->conn) < 0) {
+      connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (connection_or_set_state_open(chan->conn) < 0) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Got good NETINFO cell from %s:%d; but "
+           "was unable to make the OR connection become open.",
+           safe_str_client(chan->conn->base_.address),
+           chan->conn->base_.port);
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got good NETINFO cell from %s:%d; OR connection is now "
+             "open, using protocol version %d. Its ID digest is %s. "
+             "Our address is apparently %s.",
+             safe_str_client(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port,
+             (int)(chan->conn->link_proto),
+             hex_str(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->identity_digest,
+                     DIGEST_LEN),
+             tor_addr_is_null(&my_apparent_addr) ?
+             "<none>" : fmt_and_decorate_addr(&my_apparent_addr));
+  }
+  assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(chan->conn),time(NULL));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process a CERTS cell from a channel.
+ *
+ * This function is called to process an incoming CERTS cell on a
+ * channel_tls_t:
+ *
+ * If the other side should not have sent us a CERTS cell, or the cell is
+ * malformed, or it is supposed to authenticate the TLS key but it doesn't,
+ * then mark the connection.
+ *
+ * If the cell has a good cert chain and we're doing a v3 handshake, then
+ * store the certificates in or_handshake_state.  If this is the client side
+ * of the connection, we then authenticate the server or mark the connection.
+ * If it's the server side, wait for an AUTHENTICATE cell.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_process_certs_cell(var_cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  tor_cert_t *link_cert = NULL;
+  tor_cert_t *id_cert = NULL;
+  tor_cert_t *auth_cert = NULL;
+  uint8_t *ptr;
+  int n_certs, i;
+  int send_netinfo = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+#define ERR(s)                                                  \
+  do {                                                          \
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
+           "Received a bad CERTS cell from %s:%d: %s",          \
+           safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),                 \
+           chan->conn->base_.port, (s));                        \
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);               \
+    goto err;                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+  if (chan->conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    ERR("We're not doing a v3 handshake!");
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto < 3)
+    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell)
+    ERR("We already got one");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
+    /* Should be unreachable, but let's make sure. */
+    ERR("We're already authenticated!");
+  }
+  if (cell->payload_len < 1)
+    ERR("It had no body");
+  if (cell->circ_id)
+    ERR("It had a nonzero circuit ID");
+
+  n_certs = cell->payload[0];
+  ptr = cell->payload + 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < n_certs; ++i) {
+    uint8_t cert_type;
+    uint16_t cert_len;
+    if (ptr + 3 > cell->payload + cell->payload_len) {
+      goto truncated;
+    }
+    cert_type = *ptr;
+    cert_len = ntohs(get_uint16(ptr+1));
+    if (ptr + 3 + cert_len > cell->payload + cell->payload_len) {
+      goto truncated;
+    }
+    if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_TLS_LINK ||
+        cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_ID_1024 ||
+        cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_AUTH_1024) {
+      tor_cert_t *cert = tor_cert_decode(ptr + 3, cert_len);
+      if (!cert) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+               "Received undecodable certificate in CERTS cell from %s:%d",
+               safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),
+               chan->conn->base_.port);
+      } else {
+        if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_TLS_LINK) {
+          if (link_cert) {
+            tor_cert_free(cert);
+            ERR("Too many TLS_LINK certificates");
+          }
+          link_cert = cert;
+        } else if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_ID_1024) {
+          if (id_cert) {
+            tor_cert_free(cert);
+            ERR("Too many ID_1024 certificates");
+          }
+          id_cert = cert;
+        } else if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_AUTH_1024) {
+          if (auth_cert) {
+            tor_cert_free(cert);
+            ERR("Too many AUTH_1024 certificates");
+          }
+          auth_cert = cert;
+        } else {
+          tor_cert_free(cert);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    ptr += 3 + cert_len;
+    continue;
+
+  truncated:
+    ERR("It ends in the middle of a certificate");
+  }
+
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->started_here) {
+    int severity;
+    if (! (id_cert && link_cert))
+      ERR("The certs we wanted were missing");
+    /* Okay. We should be able to check the certificates now. */
+    if (! tor_tls_cert_matches_key(chan->conn->tls, link_cert)) {
+      ERR("The link certificate didn't match the TLS public key");
+    }
+    /* Note that this warns more loudly about time and validity if we were
+    * _trying_ to connect to an authority, not necessarily if we _did_ connect
+    * to one. */
+    if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(
+          TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan)->identity_digest))
+      severity = LOG_WARN;
+    else
+      severity = LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN;
+
+    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(severity, link_cert, id_cert, 0))
+      ERR("The link certificate was not valid");
+    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(severity, id_cert, id_cert, 1))
+      ERR("The ID certificate was not valid");
+
+    chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated = 1;
+    {
+      const digests_t *id_digests = tor_cert_get_id_digests(id_cert);
+      crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd;
+      if (!id_digests)
+        ERR("Couldn't compute digests for key in ID cert");
+
+      identity_rcvd = tor_tls_cert_get_key(id_cert);
+      if (!identity_rcvd)
+        ERR("Internal error: Couldn't get RSA key from ID cert.");
+      memcpy(chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
+             id_digests->d[DIGEST_SHA1], DIGEST_LEN);
+      channel_set_circid_type(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan), identity_rcvd,
+                chan->conn->link_proto < MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS);
+      crypto_pk_free(identity_rcvd);
+    }
+
+    if (connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(chan->conn,
+            chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id) < 0)
+      ERR("Problem setting or checking peer id");
+
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got some good certificates from %s:%d: Authenticated it.",
+             safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address), chan->conn->base_.port);
+
+    chan->conn->handshake_state->id_cert = id_cert;
+    id_cert = NULL;
+
+    if (!public_server_mode(get_options())) {
+      /* If we initiated the connection and we are not a public server, we
+       * aren't planning to authenticate at all.  At this point we know who we
+       * are talking to, so we can just send a netinfo now. */
+      send_netinfo = 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (! (id_cert && auth_cert))
+      ERR("The certs we wanted were missing");
+
+    /* Remember these certificates so we can check an AUTHENTICATE cell */
+    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, auth_cert, id_cert, 1))
+      ERR("The authentication certificate was not valid");
+    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, id_cert, id_cert, 1))
+      ERR("The ID certificate was not valid");
+
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got some good certificates from %s:%d: "
+             "Waiting for AUTHENTICATE.",
+             safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port);
+    /* XXXX check more stuff? */
+
+    chan->conn->handshake_state->id_cert = id_cert;
+    chan->conn->handshake_state->auth_cert = auth_cert;
+    id_cert = auth_cert = NULL;
+  }
+
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell = 1;
+
+  if (send_netinfo) {
+    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(chan->conn) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
+      connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+ err:
+  tor_cert_free(id_cert);
+  tor_cert_free(link_cert);
+  tor_cert_free(auth_cert);
+#undef ERR
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * This function is called to handle an incoming AUTH_CHALLENGE cell on a
+ * channel_tls_t; if we weren't supposed to get one (for example, because we're
+ * not the originator of the channel), or it's ill-formed, or we aren't doing
+ * a v3 handshake, mark the channel.  If the cell is well-formed but we don't
+ * want to authenticate, just drop it.  If the cell is well-formed *and* we
+ * want to authenticate, send an AUTHENTICATE cell and then a NETINFO cell.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_process_auth_challenge_cell(var_cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  int n_types, i, use_type = -1;
+  uint8_t *cp;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+#define ERR(s)                                                  \
+  do {                                                          \
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
+           "Received a bad AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d: %s", \
+           safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),                 \
+           chan->conn->base_.port, (s));                        \
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);               \
+    return;                                                     \
+  } while (0)
+
+  if (chan->conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    ERR("We're not currently doing a v3 handshake");
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto < 3)
+    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
+  if (!(chan->conn->handshake_state->started_here))
+    ERR("We didn't originate this connection");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->received_auth_challenge)
+    ERR("We already received one");
+  if (!(chan->conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell))
+    ERR("We haven't gotten a CERTS cell yet");
+  if (cell->payload_len < OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN + 2)
+    ERR("It was too short");
+  if (cell->circ_id)
+    ERR("It had a nonzero circuit ID");
+
+  n_types = ntohs(get_uint16(cell->payload + OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN));
+  if (cell->payload_len < OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN + 2 + 2*n_types)
+    ERR("It looks truncated");
+
+  /* Now see if there is an authentication type we can use */
+  cp = cell->payload+OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN + 2;
+  for (i = 0; i < n_types; ++i, cp += 2) {
+    uint16_t authtype = ntohs(get_uint16(cp));
+    if (authtype == AUTHTYPE_RSA_SHA256_TLSSECRET)
+      use_type = authtype;
+  }
+
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->received_auth_challenge = 1;
+
+  if (! public_server_mode(get_options())) {
+    /* If we're not a public server then we don't want to authenticate on a
+       connection we originated, and we already sent a NETINFO cell when we
+       got the CERTS cell. We have nothing more to do. */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (use_type >= 0) {
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d: Sending "
+             "authentication",
+             safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port);
+
+    if (connection_or_send_authenticate_cell(chan->conn, use_type) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_OR,
+               "Couldn't send authenticate cell");
+      connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d, but we don't "
+             "know any of its authentication types. Not authenticating.",
+             safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port);
+  }
+
+  if (connection_or_send_netinfo(chan->conn) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+#undef ERR
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process an AUTHENTICATE cell from a channel_tls_t
+ *
+ * If it's ill-formed or we weren't supposed to get one or we're not doing a
+ * v3 handshake, then mark the connection.  If it does not authenticate the
+ * other side of the connection successfully (because it isn't signed right,
+ * we didn't get a CERTS cell, etc) mark the connection.  Otherwise, accept
+ * the identity of the router on the other side of the connection.
+ */
+
+static void
+channel_tls_process_authenticate_cell(var_cell_t *cell, channel_tls_t *chan)
+{
+  uint8_t expected[V3_AUTH_FIXED_PART_LEN];
+  const uint8_t *auth;
+  int authlen;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->conn);
+
+#define ERR(s)                                                  \
+  do {                                                          \
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
+           "Received a bad AUTHENTICATE cell from %s:%d: %s",   \
+           safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),                 \
+           chan->conn->base_.port, (s));                        \
+    connection_or_close_for_error(chan->conn, 0);               \
+    return;                                                     \
+  } while (0)
+
+  if (chan->conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    ERR("We're not doing a v3 handshake");
+  if (chan->conn->link_proto < 3)
+    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->started_here)
+    ERR("We originated this connection");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->received_authenticate)
+    ERR("We already got one!");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
+    /* Should be impossible given other checks */
+    ERR("The peer is already authenticated");
+  }
+  if (!(chan->conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell))
+    ERR("We never got a certs cell");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->auth_cert == NULL)
+    ERR("We never got an authentication certificate");
+  if (chan->conn->handshake_state->id_cert == NULL)
+    ERR("We never got an identity certificate");
+  if (cell->payload_len < 4)
+    ERR("Cell was way too short");
+
+  auth = cell->payload;
+  {
+    uint16_t type = ntohs(get_uint16(auth));
+    uint16_t len = ntohs(get_uint16(auth+2));
+    if (4 + len > cell->payload_len)
+      ERR("Authenticator was truncated");
+
+    if (type != AUTHTYPE_RSA_SHA256_TLSSECRET)
+      ERR("Authenticator type was not recognized");
+
+    auth += 4;
+    authlen = len;
+  }
+
+  if (authlen < V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN + 1)
+    ERR("Authenticator was too short");
+
+  if (connection_or_compute_authenticate_cell_body(
+                        chan->conn, expected, sizeof(expected), NULL, 1) < 0)
+    ERR("Couldn't compute expected AUTHENTICATE cell body");
+
+  if (tor_memneq(expected, auth, sizeof(expected)))
+    ERR("Some field in the AUTHENTICATE cell body was not as expected");
+
+  {
+    crypto_pk_t *pk = tor_tls_cert_get_key(
+                                   chan->conn->handshake_state->auth_cert);
+    char d[DIGEST256_LEN];
+    char *signed_data;
+    size_t keysize;
+    int signed_len;
+
+    if (!pk)
+      ERR("Internal error: couldn't get RSA key from AUTH cert.");
+    crypto_digest256(d, (char*)auth, V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN, DIGEST_SHA256);
+
+    keysize = crypto_pk_keysize(pk);
+    signed_data = tor_malloc(keysize);
+    signed_len = crypto_pk_public_checksig(pk, signed_data, keysize,
+                                           (char*)auth + V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN,
+                                           authlen - V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN);
+    crypto_pk_free(pk);
+    if (signed_len < 0) {
+      tor_free(signed_data);
+      ERR("Signature wasn't valid");
+    }
+    if (signed_len < DIGEST256_LEN) {
+      tor_free(signed_data);
+      ERR("Not enough data was signed");
+    }
+    /* Note that we deliberately allow *more* than DIGEST256_LEN bytes here,
+     * in case they're later used to hold a SHA3 digest or something. */
+    if (tor_memneq(signed_data, d, DIGEST256_LEN)) {
+      tor_free(signed_data);
+      ERR("Signature did not match data to be signed.");
+    }
+    tor_free(signed_data);
+  }
+
+  /* Okay, we are authenticated. */
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->received_authenticate = 1;
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated = 1;
+  chan->conn->handshake_state->digest_received_data = 0;
+  {
+    crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd =
+      tor_tls_cert_get_key(chan->conn->handshake_state->id_cert);
+    const digests_t *id_digests =
+      tor_cert_get_id_digests(chan->conn->handshake_state->id_cert);
+
+    /* This must exist; we checked key type when reading the cert. */
+    tor_assert(id_digests);
+
+    memcpy(chan->conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
+           id_digests->d[DIGEST_SHA1], DIGEST_LEN);
+
+    channel_set_circid_type(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(chan), identity_rcvd,
+               chan->conn->link_proto < MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS);
+    crypto_pk_free(identity_rcvd);
+
+    connection_or_init_conn_from_address(chan->conn,
+                  &(chan->conn->base_.addr),
+                  chan->conn->base_.port,
+                  (const char*)(chan->conn->handshake_state->
+                    authenticated_peer_id),
+                  0);
+
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Got an AUTHENTICATE cell from %s:%d: Looks good.",
+             safe_str(chan->conn->base_.address),
+             chan->conn->base_.port);
+  }
+
+#undef ERR
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/channeltls.h b/src/or/channeltls.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a7e2beac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/channeltls.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file channeltls.h
+ * \brief Header file for channeltls.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_CHANNELTLS_H
+#define TOR_CHANNELTLS_H
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+
+#define BASE_CHAN_TO_TLS(c) (channel_tls_from_base((c)))
+#define TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(c) (channel_tls_to_base((c)))
+
+#define TLS_CHAN_MAGIC 0x8a192427U
+
+#ifdef TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+
+struct channel_tls_s {
+  /* Base channel_t struct */
+  channel_t base_;
+  /* or_connection_t pointer */
+  or_connection_t *conn;
+};
+
+#endif /* TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_ */
+
+channel_t * channel_tls_connect(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                                const char *id_digest);
+channel_listener_t * channel_tls_get_listener(void);
+channel_listener_t * channel_tls_start_listener(void);
+channel_t * channel_tls_handle_incoming(or_connection_t *orconn);
+
+/* Casts */
+
+channel_t * channel_tls_to_base(channel_tls_t *tlschan);
+channel_tls_t * channel_tls_from_base(channel_t *chan);
+
+/* Things for connection_or.c to call back into */
+ssize_t channel_tls_flush_some_cells(channel_tls_t *chan, ssize_t num_cells);
+int channel_tls_more_to_flush(channel_tls_t *chan);
+void channel_tls_handle_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
+void channel_tls_handle_state_change_on_orconn(channel_tls_t *chan,
+                                               or_connection_t *conn,
+                                               uint8_t old_state,
+                                               uint8_t state);
+void channel_tls_handle_var_cell(var_cell_t *var_cell,
+                                 or_connection_t *conn);
+
+/* Cleanup at shutdown */
+void channel_tls_free_all(void);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitbuild.c b/src/or/circuitbuild.c
index 1c692ab87b..2b4d3c3118 100644
--- a/src/or/circuitbuild.c
+++ b/src/or/circuitbuild.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,22 +9,28 @@
  * \brief The actual details of building circuits.
  **/
 
-#define CIRCUIT_PRIVATE
-
 #include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
+#include "command.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
 #include "control.h"
 #include "directory.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "main.h"
+#include "microdesc.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
+#include "onion_fast.h"
 #include "policies.h"
 #include "transports.h"
 #include "relay.h"
@@ -32,1645 +38,58 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 #include "crypto.h"
-#undef log
-#include <math.h>
+#include "connection_edge.h"
 
 #ifndef MIN
 #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
 #endif
 
-#define CBT_BIN_TO_MS(bin) ((bin)*CBT_BIN_WIDTH + (CBT_BIN_WIDTH/2))
-
 /********* START VARIABLES **********/
-/** Global list of circuit build times */
-// XXXX: Add this as a member for entry_guard_t instead of global?
-// Then we could do per-guard statistics, as guards are likely to
-// vary in their own latency. The downside of this is that guards
-// can change frequently, so we'd be building a lot more circuits
-// most likely.
-/* XXXX024 Make this static; add accessor functions. */
-circuit_build_times_t circ_times;
 
 /** A global list of all circuits at this hop. */
 extern circuit_t *global_circuitlist;
 
-/** An entry_guard_t represents our information about a chosen long-term
- * first hop, known as a "helper" node in the literature. We can't just
- * use a node_t, since we want to remember these even when we
- * don't have any directory info. */
-typedef struct {
-  char nickname[MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
-  char identity[DIGEST_LEN];
-  time_t chosen_on_date; /**< Approximately when was this guard added?
-                          * "0" if we don't know. */
-  char *chosen_by_version; /**< What tor version added this guard? NULL
-                            * if we don't know. */
-  unsigned int made_contact : 1; /**< 0 if we have never connected to this
-                                  * router, 1 if we have. */
-  unsigned int can_retry : 1; /**< Should we retry connecting to this entry,
-                               * in spite of having it marked as unreachable?*/
-  unsigned int path_bias_notice : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path bias
-                                      * for this node already? */
-  unsigned int path_bias_disabled : 1; /**< Have we disabled this node because
-                                        * of path bias issues? */
-  time_t bad_since; /**< 0 if this guard is currently usable, or the time at
-                      * which it was observed to become (according to the
-                      * directory or the user configuration) unusable. */
-  time_t unreachable_since; /**< 0 if we can connect to this guard, or the
-                             * time at which we first noticed we couldn't
-                             * connect to it. */
-  time_t last_attempted; /**< 0 if we can connect to this guard, or the time
-                          * at which we last failed to connect to it. */
-
-  unsigned first_hops; /**< Number of first hops this guard has completed */
-  unsigned circuit_successes; /**< Number of successfully built circuits using
-                               * this guard as first hop. */
-} entry_guard_t;
-
-/** Information about a configured bridge. Currently this just matches the
- * ones in the torrc file, but one day we may be able to learn about new
- * bridges on our own, and remember them in the state file. */
-typedef struct {
-  /** Address of the bridge. */
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-  /** TLS port for the bridge. */
-  uint16_t port;
-  /** Boolean: We are re-parsing our bridge list, and we are going to remove
-   * this one if we don't find it in the list of configured bridges. */
-  unsigned marked_for_removal : 1;
-  /** Expected identity digest, or all zero bytes if we don't know what the
-   * digest should be. */
-  char identity[DIGEST_LEN];
-
-  /** Name of pluggable transport protocol taken from its config line. */
-  char *transport_name;
-
-  /** When should we next try to fetch a descriptor for this bridge? */
-  download_status_t fetch_status;
-} bridge_info_t;
-
-/** A list of our chosen entry guards. */
-static smartlist_t *entry_guards = NULL;
-/** A value of 1 means that the entry_guards list has changed
- * and those changes need to be flushed to disk. */
-static int entry_guards_dirty = 0;
-
-/** If set, we're running the unit tests: we should avoid clobbering
- * our state file or accessing get_options() or get_or_state() */
-static int unit_tests = 0;
-
 /********* END VARIABLES ************/
 
+static channel_t * channel_connect_for_circuit(const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                                               uint16_t port,
+                                               const char *id_digest);
 static int circuit_deliver_create_cell(circuit_t *circ,
-                                       uint8_t cell_type, const char *payload);
+                                       const create_cell_t *create_cell,
+                                       int relayed);
 static int onion_pick_cpath_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *exit);
 static crypt_path_t *onion_next_hop_in_cpath(crypt_path_t *cpath);
 static int onion_extend_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 static int count_acceptable_nodes(smartlist_t *routers);
 static int onion_append_hop(crypt_path_t **head_ptr, extend_info_t *choice);
-
-static void entry_guards_changed(void);
-static entry_guard_t *entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest);
-
-static void bridge_free(bridge_info_t *bridge);
-
-static int entry_guard_inc_first_hop_count(entry_guard_t *guard);
-static void pathbias_count_success(origin_circuit_t *circ);
-
-/**
- * This function decides if CBT learning should be disabled. It returns
- * true if one or more of the following four conditions are met:
- *
- *  1. If the cbtdisabled consensus parameter is set.
- *  2. If the torrc option LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is false.
- *  3. If we are a directory authority
- *  4. If we fail to write circuit build time history to our state file.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_disabled(void)
-{
-  if (unit_tests) {
-    return 0;
-  } else {
-    int consensus_disabled = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtdisabled",
-                                                     0, 0, 1);
-    int config_disabled = !get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout;
-    int dirauth_disabled = get_options()->AuthoritativeDir;
-    int state_disabled = did_last_state_file_write_fail() ? 1 : 0;
-
-    if (consensus_disabled || config_disabled || dirauth_disabled ||
-           state_disabled) {
-      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
-               "CircuitBuildTime learning is disabled. "
-               "Consensus=%d, Config=%d, AuthDir=%d, StateFile=%d",
-               consensus_disabled, config_disabled, dirauth_disabled,
-               state_disabled);
-      return 1;
-    } else {
-      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
-                "CircuitBuildTime learning is not disabled. "
-                "Consensus=%d, Config=%d, AuthDir=%d, StateFile=%d",
-                consensus_disabled, config_disabled, dirauth_disabled,
-                state_disabled);
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmaxtimeouts consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: When this many timeouts happen in the last 'cbtrecentcount'
- * circuit attempts, the client should discard all of its history and
- * begin learning a fresh timeout value.
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_max_timeouts(void)
-{
-  int32_t cbt_maxtimeouts;
-
-  cbt_maxtimeouts = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmaxtimeouts",
-                                 CBT_DEFAULT_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT,
-                                 CBT_MIN_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT,
-                                 CBT_MAX_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_max_timeouts() called, cbtmaxtimeouts is"
-              " %d",
-              cbt_maxtimeouts);
-  }
-
-  return cbt_maxtimeouts;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtnummodes consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This value governs how many modes to use in the weighted
- * average calculation of Pareto parameter Xm. A value of 3 introduces
- * some bias (2-5% of CDF) under ideal conditions, but allows for better
- * performance in the event that a client chooses guard nodes of radically
- * different performance characteristics.
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes(void)
-{
-  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtnummodes",
-                                        CBT_DEFAULT_NUM_XM_MODES,
-                                        CBT_MIN_NUM_XM_MODES,
-                                        CBT_MAX_NUM_XM_MODES);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes() called, cbtnummodes"
-              " is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmincircs consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the minimum number of circuits to build before
- * computing a timeout.
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe(void)
-{
-  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmincircs",
-                                        CBT_DEFAULT_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE,
-                                        CBT_MIN_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE,
-                                        CBT_MAX_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe() called, cbtmincircs"
-              " is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>cbt</b> has recorded enough build times that we
- * want to start acting on the timeout it implies. */
-int
-circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  return cbt->total_build_times >= circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe();
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtquantile consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the position on the quantile curve to use to set the
- * timeout value. It is a percent (10-99).
- */
-double
-circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff(void)
-{
-  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtquantile",
-                                        CBT_DEFAULT_QUANTILE_CUTOFF,
-                                        CBT_MIN_QUANTILE_CUTOFF,
-                                        CBT_MAX_QUANTILE_CUTOFF);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff() called, cbtquantile"
-              " is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num/100.0;
-}
-
-/* DOCDOC circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale */
-int
-circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(networkstatus_t *ns)
-{
-  return networkstatus_get_param(ns, "bwweightscale",
-                                 BW_WEIGHT_SCALE,
-                                 BW_MIN_WEIGHT_SCALE,
-                                 BW_MAX_WEIGHT_SCALE);
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtclosequantile consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the position on the quantile curve to use to set the
- * timeout value to use to actually close circuits. It is a percent
- * (0-99).
- */
-static double
-circuit_build_times_close_quantile(void)
-{
-  int32_t param;
-  /* Cast is safe - circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff() is capped */
-  int32_t min = (int)tor_lround(100*circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff());
-  param = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtclosequantile",
-             CBT_DEFAULT_CLOSE_QUANTILE,
-             CBT_MIN_CLOSE_QUANTILE,
-             CBT_MAX_CLOSE_QUANTILE);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_close_quantile() called, cbtclosequantile"
-              " is %d", param);
-  }
-
-  if (param < min) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Consensus parameter cbtclosequantile is "
-             "too small, raising to %d", min);
-    param = min;
-  }
-  return param / 100.0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbttestfreq consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: Describes how often in seconds to build a test circuit to
- * gather timeout values. Only applies if less than 'cbtmincircs'
- * have been recorded.
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_test_frequency(void)
-{
-  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbttestfreq",
-                                        CBT_DEFAULT_TEST_FREQUENCY,
-                                        CBT_MIN_TEST_FREQUENCY,
-                                        CBT_MAX_TEST_FREQUENCY);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_test_frequency() called, cbttestfreq is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmintimeout consensus parameter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the minimum allowed timeout value in milliseconds.
- * The minimum is to prevent rounding to 0 (we only check once
- * per second).
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_min_timeout(void)
-{
-  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmintimeout",
-                                        CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE,
-                                        CBT_MIN_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE,
-                                        CBT_MAX_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_min_timeout() called, cbtmintimeout is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtinitialtimeout consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the timeout value to use before computing a timeout,
- * in milliseconds.
- */
-int32_t
-circuit_build_times_initial_timeout(void)
-{
-  int32_t min = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
-  int32_t param = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtinitialtimeout",
-                                          CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE,
-                                          CBT_MIN_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE,
-                                          CBT_MAX_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_initial_timeout() called, "
-              "cbtinitialtimeout is %d",
-              param);
-  }
-
-  if (param < min) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Consensus parameter cbtinitialtimeout is too small, "
-             "raising to %d", min);
-    param = min;
-  }
-  return param;
-}
-
-/**
- * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtrecentcount consensus paramter.
- *
- * Effect: This is the number of circuit build times to keep track of
- * for deciding if we hit cbtmaxtimeouts and need to reset our state
- * and learn a new timeout.
- */
-static int32_t
-circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(networkstatus_t *ns)
-{
-  int32_t num;
-  num = networkstatus_get_param(ns, "cbtrecentcount",
-                                CBT_DEFAULT_RECENT_CIRCUITS,
-                                CBT_MIN_RECENT_CIRCUITS,
-                                CBT_MAX_RECENT_CIRCUITS);
-
-  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
-    log_debug(LD_BUG,
-              "circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count() called, "
-              "cbtrecentcount is %d",
-              num);
-  }
-
-  return num;
-}
-
-/**
- * This function is called when we get a consensus update.
- *
- * It checks to see if we have changed any consensus parameters
- * that require reallocation or discard of previous stats.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_new_consensus_params(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                         networkstatus_t *ns)
-{
-  int32_t num;
-
-  /*
-   * First check if we're doing adaptive timeouts at all; nothing to
-   * update if we aren't.
-   */
-
-  if (!circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
-    num = circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(ns);
-
-    if (num > 0) {
-      if (num != cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs) {
-        int8_t *recent_circs;
-        log_notice(LD_CIRC, "The Tor Directory Consensus has changed how many "
-                   "circuits we must track to detect network failures from %d "
-                   "to %d.", cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs, num);
-
-        tor_assert(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop ||
-                   cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs == 0);
-
-        /*
-         * Technically this is a circular array that we are reallocating
-         * and memcopying. However, since it only consists of either 1s
-         * or 0s, and is only used in a statistical test to determine when
-         * we should discard our history after a sufficient number of 1's
-         * have been reached, it is fine if order is not preserved or
-         * elements are lost.
-         *
-         * cbtrecentcount should only be changing in cases of severe network
-         * distress anyway, so memory correctness here is paramount over
-         * doing acrobatics to preserve the array.
-         */
-        recent_circs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(int8_t)*num);
-        if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
-            cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
-          memcpy(recent_circs, cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop,
-                 sizeof(int8_t)*MIN(num, cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs));
-        }
-
-        // Adjust the index if it needs it.
-        if (num < cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs) {
-          cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx = MIN(num-1,
-                  cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx);
-        }
-
-        tor_free(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop);
-        cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop = recent_circs;
-        cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = num;
-      }
-      /* else no change, nothing to do */
-    } else { /* num == 0 */
-      /*
-       * Weird.  This probably shouldn't happen, so log a warning, but try
-       * to do something sensible anyway.
-       */
-
-      log_warn(LD_CIRC,
-               "The cbtrecentcircs consensus parameter came back zero!  "
-               "This disables adaptive timeouts since we can't keep track of "
-               "any recent circuits.");
-
-      circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(cbt);
-    }
-  } else {
-    /*
-     * Adaptive timeouts are disabled; this might be because of the
-     * LearnCircuitBuildTimes config parameter, and hence permanent, or
-     * the cbtdisabled consensus parameter, so it may be a new condition.
-     * Treat it like getting num == 0 above and free the circuit history
-     * if we have any.
-     */
-
-    circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(cbt);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Make a note that we're running unit tests (rather than running Tor
- * itself), so we avoid clobbering our state file. */
-void
-circuitbuild_running_unit_tests(void)
-{
-  unit_tests = 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Return the initial default or configured timeout in milliseconds
- */
-static double
-circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout(void)
-{
-  double timeout;
-
-  /*
-   * Check if we have LearnCircuitBuildTimeout, and if we don't,
-   * always use CircuitBuildTimeout, no questions asked.
-   */
-  if (get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout) {
-    if (!unit_tests && get_options()->CircuitBuildTimeout) {
-      timeout = get_options()->CircuitBuildTimeout*1000;
-      if (timeout < circuit_build_times_min_timeout()) {
-        log_warn(LD_CIRC, "Config CircuitBuildTimeout too low. Setting to %ds",
-                 circuit_build_times_min_timeout()/1000);
-        timeout = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
-      }
-    } else {
-      timeout = circuit_build_times_initial_timeout();
-    }
-  } else {
-    timeout = get_options()->CircuitBuildTimeout*1000;
-  }
-
-  return timeout;
-}
-
-/**
- * Reset the build time state.
- *
- * Leave estimated parameters, timeout and network liveness intact
- * for future use.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_reset(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  memset(cbt->circuit_build_times, 0, sizeof(cbt->circuit_build_times));
-  cbt->total_build_times = 0;
-  cbt->build_times_idx = 0;
-  cbt->have_computed_timeout = 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Initialize the buildtimes structure for first use.
- *
- * Sets the initial timeout values based on either the config setting,
- * the consensus param, or the default (CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE).
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_init(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  memset(cbt, 0, sizeof(*cbt));
-  /*
-   * Check if we really are using adaptive timeouts, and don't keep
-   * track of this stuff if not.
-   */
-  if (!circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
-    cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs =
-      circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(NULL);
-    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop =
-      tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(int8_t)*cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs);
-  } else {
-    cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = 0;
-    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop = NULL;
-  }
-  cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
-  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_RESET);
-}
-
-/**
- * Free the saved timeouts, if the cbtdisabled consensus parameter got turned
- * on or something.
- */
-
-void
-circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  if (!cbt) return;
-
-  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop) {
-    tor_free(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop);
-  }
-
-  cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = 0;
-}
-
-#if 0
-/**
- * Rewind our build time history by n positions.
- */
-static void
-circuit_build_times_rewind_history(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, int n)
-{
-  int i = 0;
-
-  cbt->build_times_idx -= n;
-  cbt->build_times_idx %= CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    cbt->circuit_build_times[(i+cbt->build_times_idx)
-                             %CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE]=0;
-  }
-
-  if (cbt->total_build_times > n) {
-    cbt->total_build_times -= n;
-  } else {
-    cbt->total_build_times = 0;
-  }
-
-  log_info(LD_CIRC,
-          "Rewound history by %d places. Current index: %d. "
-          "Total: %d", n, cbt->build_times_idx, cbt->total_build_times);
-}
-#endif
-
-/**
- * Add a new build time value <b>time</b> to the set of build times. Time
- * units are milliseconds.
- *
- * circuit_build_times <b>cbt</b> is a circular array, so loop around when
- * array is full.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_add_time(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, build_time_t time)
-{
-  if (time <= 0 || time > CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Circuit build time is too large (%u)."
-                      "This is probably a bug.", time);
-    tor_fragile_assert();
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Adding circuit build time %u", time);
-
-  cbt->circuit_build_times[cbt->build_times_idx] = time;
-  cbt->build_times_idx = (cbt->build_times_idx + 1) % CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE;
-  if (cbt->total_build_times < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE)
-    cbt->total_build_times++;
-
-  if ((cbt->total_build_times % CBT_SAVE_STATE_EVERY) == 0) {
-    /* Save state every n circuit builds */
-    if (!unit_tests && !get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
-      or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Return maximum circuit build time
- */
-static build_time_t
-circuit_build_times_max(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int i = 0;
-  build_time_t max_build_time = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] > max_build_time
-            && cbt->circuit_build_times[i] != CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
-      max_build_time = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
-  }
-  return max_build_time;
-}
-
-#if 0
-/** Return minimum circuit build time */
-build_time_t
-circuit_build_times_min(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int i = 0;
-  build_time_t min_build_time = CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX;
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] && /* 0 <-> uninitialized */
-        cbt->circuit_build_times[i] < min_build_time)
-      min_build_time = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
-  }
-  if (min_build_time == CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX) {
-    log_warn(LD_CIRC, "No build times less than CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX!");
-  }
-  return min_build_time;
-}
+static int entry_guard_inc_circ_attempt_count(entry_guard_t *guard);
+static void pathbias_count_build_success(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+static void pathbias_count_successful_close(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+static void pathbias_count_collapse(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+static void pathbias_count_use_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+static void pathbias_measure_use_rate(entry_guard_t *guard);
+static void pathbias_measure_close_rate(entry_guard_t *guard);
+static void pathbias_scale_use_rates(entry_guard_t *guard);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+static int circuits_can_use_ntor(void);
 #endif
 
-/**
- * Calculate and return a histogram for the set of build times.
- *
- * Returns an allocated array of histrogram bins representing
- * the frequency of index*CBT_BIN_WIDTH millisecond
- * build times. Also outputs the number of bins in nbins.
- *
- * The return value must be freed by the caller.
- */
-static uint32_t *
-circuit_build_times_create_histogram(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                     build_time_t *nbins)
-{
-  uint32_t *histogram;
-  build_time_t max_build_time = circuit_build_times_max(cbt);
-  int i, c;
-
-  *nbins = 1 + (max_build_time / CBT_BIN_WIDTH);
-  histogram = tor_malloc_zero(*nbins * sizeof(build_time_t));
-
-  // calculate histogram
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == 0
-            || cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
-      continue; /* 0 <-> uninitialized */
-
-    c = (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] / CBT_BIN_WIDTH);
-    histogram[c]++;
-  }
-
-  return histogram;
-}
-
-/**
- * Return the Pareto start-of-curve parameter Xm.
- *
- * Because we are not a true Pareto curve, we compute this as the
- * weighted average of the N most frequent build time bins. N is either
- * 1 if we don't have enough circuit build time data collected, or
- * determined by the consensus parameter cbtnummodes (default 3).
- */
-static build_time_t
-circuit_build_times_get_xm(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  build_time_t i, nbins;
-  build_time_t *nth_max_bin;
-  int32_t bin_counts=0;
-  build_time_t ret = 0;
-  uint32_t *histogram = circuit_build_times_create_histogram(cbt, &nbins);
-  int n=0;
-  int num_modes = circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes();
-
-  tor_assert(nbins > 0);
-  tor_assert(num_modes > 0);
-
-  // Only use one mode if < 1000 buildtimes. Not enough data
-  // for multiple.
-  if (cbt->total_build_times < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE)
-    num_modes = 1;
-
-  nth_max_bin = (build_time_t*)tor_malloc_zero(num_modes*sizeof(build_time_t));
-
-  /* Determine the N most common build times */
-  for (i = 0; i < nbins; i++) {
-    if (histogram[i] >= histogram[nth_max_bin[0]]) {
-      nth_max_bin[0] = i;
-    }
-
-    for (n = 1; n < num_modes; n++) {
-      if (histogram[i] >= histogram[nth_max_bin[n]] &&
-           (!histogram[nth_max_bin[n-1]]
-               || histogram[i] < histogram[nth_max_bin[n-1]])) {
-        nth_max_bin[n] = i;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (n = 0; n < num_modes; n++) {
-    bin_counts += histogram[nth_max_bin[n]];
-    ret += CBT_BIN_TO_MS(nth_max_bin[n])*histogram[nth_max_bin[n]];
-    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Xm mode #%d: %u %u", n, CBT_BIN_TO_MS(nth_max_bin[n]),
-             histogram[nth_max_bin[n]]);
-  }
-
-  /* The following assert is safe, because we don't get called when we
-   * haven't observed at least CBT_MIN_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE circuits. */
-  tor_assert(bin_counts > 0);
-
-  ret /= bin_counts;
-  tor_free(histogram);
-  tor_free(nth_max_bin);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/**
- * Output a histogram of current circuit build times to
- * the or_state_t state structure.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_update_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                 or_state_t *state)
-{
-  uint32_t *histogram;
-  build_time_t i = 0;
-  build_time_t nbins = 0;
-  config_line_t **next, *line;
-
-  histogram = circuit_build_times_create_histogram(cbt, &nbins);
-  // write to state
-  config_free_lines(state->BuildtimeHistogram);
-  next = &state->BuildtimeHistogram;
-  *next = NULL;
-
-  state->TotalBuildTimes = cbt->total_build_times;
-  state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount = 0;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
-      state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount++;
-  }
-
-  for (i = 0; i < nbins; i++) {
-    // compress the histogram by skipping the blanks
-    if (histogram[i] == 0) continue;
-    *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-    line->key = tor_strdup("CircuitBuildTimeBin");
-    tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%d %d",
-            CBT_BIN_TO_MS(i), histogram[i]);
-    next = &(line->next);
-  }
-
-  if (!unit_tests) {
-    if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
-      or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
-  }
-
-  tor_free(histogram);
-}
-
-/**
- * Shuffle the build times array.
- *
- * Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
- */
-static void
-circuit_build_times_shuffle_and_store_array(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                            build_time_t *raw_times,
-                                            uint32_t num_times)
-{
-  uint32_t n = num_times;
-  if (num_times > CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE) {
-    log_notice(LD_CIRC, "The number of circuit times that this Tor version "
-               "uses to calculate build times is less than the number stored "
-               "in your state file. Decreasing the circuit time history from "
-               "%lu to %d.", (unsigned long)num_times,
-               CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE);
-  }
-
-  if (n > INT_MAX-1) {
-    log_warn(LD_CIRC, "For some insane reasons, you had %lu circuit build "
-             "observations in your state file. That's far too many; probably "
-             "there's a bug here.", (unsigned long)n);
-    n = INT_MAX-1;
-  }
-
-  /* This code can only be run on a compact array */
-  while (n-- > 1) {
-    int k = crypto_rand_int(n + 1); /* 0 <= k <= n. */
-    build_time_t tmp = raw_times[k];
-    raw_times[k] = raw_times[n];
-    raw_times[n] = tmp;
-  }
-
-  /* Since the times are now shuffled, take a random CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE
-   * subset (ie the first CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE values) */
-  for (n = 0; n < MIN(num_times, CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE); n++) {
-    circuit_build_times_add_time(cbt, raw_times[n]);
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Filter old synthetic timeouts that were created before the
- * new right-censored Pareto calculation was deployed.
- *
- * Once all clients before 0.2.1.13-alpha are gone, this code
- * will be unused.
- */
-static int
-circuit_build_times_filter_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int num_filtered=0, i=0;
-  double timeout_rate = 0;
-  build_time_t max_timeout = 0;
-
-  timeout_rate = circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(cbt);
-  max_timeout = (build_time_t)cbt->close_ms;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] > max_timeout) {
-      build_time_t replaced = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
-      num_filtered++;
-      cbt->circuit_build_times[i] = CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED;
-
-      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Replaced timeout %d with %d", replaced,
-               cbt->circuit_build_times[i]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  log_info(LD_CIRC,
-           "We had %d timeouts out of %d build times, "
-           "and filtered %d above the max of %u",
-          (int)(cbt->total_build_times*timeout_rate),
-          cbt->total_build_times, num_filtered, max_timeout);
-
-  return num_filtered;
-}
-
-/**
- * Load histogram from <b>state</b>, shuffling the resulting array
- * after we do so. Use this result to estimate parameters and
- * calculate the timeout.
- *
- * Return -1 on error.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_parse_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                or_state_t *state)
-{
-  int tot_values = 0;
-  uint32_t loaded_cnt = 0, N = 0;
-  config_line_t *line;
-  unsigned int i;
-  build_time_t *loaded_times;
-  int err = 0;
-  circuit_build_times_init(cbt);
-
-  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* build_time_t 0 means uninitialized */
-  loaded_times = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(build_time_t)*state->TotalBuildTimes);
-
-  for (line = state->BuildtimeHistogram; line; line = line->next) {
-    smartlist_t *args = smartlist_new();
-    smartlist_split_string(args, line->value, " ",
-                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
-    if (smartlist_len(args) < 2) {
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
-                           "Too few arguments to CircuitBuildTime");
-      err = 1;
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_free(args);
-      break;
-    } else {
-      const char *ms_str = smartlist_get(args,0);
-      const char *count_str = smartlist_get(args,1);
-      uint32_t count, k;
-      build_time_t ms;
-      int ok;
-      ms = (build_time_t)tor_parse_ulong(ms_str, 0, 0,
-                                         CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX, &ok, NULL);
-      if (!ok) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
-                             "Unparsable bin number");
-        err = 1;
-        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-        smartlist_free(args);
-        break;
-      }
-      count = (uint32_t)tor_parse_ulong(count_str, 0, 0,
-                                        UINT32_MAX, &ok, NULL);
-      if (!ok) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
-                             "Unparsable bin count");
-        err = 1;
-        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-        smartlist_free(args);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      if (loaded_cnt+count+state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount
-            > state->TotalBuildTimes) {
-        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
-                 "Too many build times in state file. "
-                 "Stopping short before %d",
-                 loaded_cnt+count);
-        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-        smartlist_free(args);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      for (k = 0; k < count; k++) {
-        loaded_times[loaded_cnt++] = ms;
-      }
-      N++;
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_free(args);
-    }
-  }
-
-  log_info(LD_CIRC,
-           "Adding %d timeouts.", state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount);
-  for (i=0; i < state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount; i++) {
-    loaded_times[loaded_cnt++] = CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED;
-  }
-
-  if (loaded_cnt != state->TotalBuildTimes) {
-    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
-            "Corrupt state file? Build times count mismatch. "
-            "Read %d times, but file says %d", loaded_cnt,
-            state->TotalBuildTimes);
-    err = 1;
-    circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  circuit_build_times_shuffle_and_store_array(cbt, loaded_times, loaded_cnt);
-
-  /* Verify that we didn't overwrite any indexes */
-  for (i=0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (!cbt->circuit_build_times[i])
-      break;
-    tot_values++;
-  }
-  log_info(LD_CIRC,
-           "Loaded %d/%d values from %d lines in circuit time histogram",
-           tot_values, cbt->total_build_times, N);
-
-  if (cbt->total_build_times != tot_values
-        || cbt->total_build_times > CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE) {
-    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
-            "Corrupt state file? Shuffled build times mismatch. "
-            "Read %d times, but file says %d", tot_values,
-            state->TotalBuildTimes);
-    err = 1;
-    circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  circuit_build_times_set_timeout(cbt);
-
-  if (!state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount && cbt->total_build_times) {
-    circuit_build_times_filter_timeouts(cbt);
-  }
-
- done:
-  tor_free(loaded_times);
-  return err ? -1 : 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Estimates the Xm and Alpha parameters using
- * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Parameter_estimation
- *
- * The notable difference is that we use mode instead of min to estimate Xm.
- * This is because our distribution is frechet-like. We claim this is
- * an acceptable approximation because we are only concerned with the
- * accuracy of the CDF of the tail.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_update_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  build_time_t *x=cbt->circuit_build_times;
-  double a = 0;
-  int n=0,i=0,abandoned_count=0;
-  build_time_t max_time=0;
-
-  /* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Parameter_estimation */
-  /* We sort of cheat here and make our samples slightly more pareto-like
-   * and less frechet-like. */
-  cbt->Xm = circuit_build_times_get_xm(cbt);
-
-  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
-
-  for (i=0; i< CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (!x[i]) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (x[i] < cbt->Xm) {
-      a += tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm);
-    } else if (x[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED) {
-      abandoned_count++;
-    } else {
-      a += tor_mathlog(x[i]);
-      if (x[i] > max_time)
-        max_time = x[i];
-    }
-    n++;
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * We are erring and asserting here because this can only happen
-   * in codepaths other than startup. The startup state parsing code
-   * performs this same check, and resets state if it hits it. If we
-   * hit it at runtime, something serious has gone wrong.
-   */
-  if (n!=cbt->total_build_times) {
-    log_err(LD_CIRC, "Discrepancy in build times count: %d vs %d", n,
-            cbt->total_build_times);
-  }
-  tor_assert(n==cbt->total_build_times);
-
-  if (max_time <= 0) {
-    /* This can happen if Xm is actually the *maximum* value in the set.
-     * It can also happen if we've abandoned every single circuit somehow.
-     * In either case, tell the caller not to compute a new build timeout. */
-    log_warn(LD_BUG,
-             "Could not determine largest build time (%d). "
-             "Xm is %dms and we've abandoned %d out of %d circuits.", max_time,
-             cbt->Xm, abandoned_count, n);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  a += abandoned_count*tor_mathlog(max_time);
-
-  a -= n*tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm);
-  // Estimator comes from Eq #4 in:
-  // "Bayesian estimation based on trimmed samples from Pareto populations"
-  // by Arturo J. Fernández. We are right-censored only.
-  a = (n-abandoned_count)/a;
-
-  cbt->alpha = a;
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * This is the Pareto Quantile Function. It calculates the point x
- * in the distribution such that F(x) = quantile (ie quantile*100%
- * of the mass of the density function is below x on the curve).
- *
- * We use it to calculate the timeout and also to generate synthetic
- * values of time for circuits that timeout before completion.
- *
- * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function,
- * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_transform_sampling and
- * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Generating_a_
- *     random_sample_from_Pareto_distribution
- * That's right. I'll cite wikipedia all day long.
- *
- * Return value is in milliseconds.
- */
-double
-circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                      double quantile)
-{
-  double ret;
-  tor_assert(quantile >= 0);
-  tor_assert(1.0-quantile > 0);
-  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
-
-  ret = cbt->Xm/pow(1.0-quantile,1.0/cbt->alpha);
-  if (ret > INT32_MAX) {
-    ret = INT32_MAX;
-  }
-  tor_assert(ret > 0);
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/** Pareto CDF */
-double
-circuit_build_times_cdf(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, double x)
-{
-  double ret;
-  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
-  ret = 1.0-pow(cbt->Xm/x,cbt->alpha);
-  tor_assert(0 <= ret && ret <= 1.0);
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/**
- * Generate a synthetic time using our distribution parameters.
- *
- * The return value will be within the [q_lo, q_hi) quantile points
- * on the CDF.
- */
-build_time_t
-circuit_build_times_generate_sample(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                    double q_lo, double q_hi)
-{
-  double randval = crypto_rand_double();
-  build_time_t ret;
-  double u;
-
-  /* Generate between [q_lo, q_hi) */
-  /*XXXX This is what nextafter is supposed to be for; we should use it on the
-   * platforms that support it. */
-  q_hi -= 1.0/(INT32_MAX);
-
-  tor_assert(q_lo >= 0);
-  tor_assert(q_hi < 1);
-  tor_assert(q_lo < q_hi);
-
-  u = q_lo + (q_hi-q_lo)*randval;
-
-  tor_assert(0 <= u && u < 1.0);
-  /* circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout returns <= INT32_MAX */
-  ret = (build_time_t)
-    tor_lround(circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt, u));
-  tor_assert(ret > 0);
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/**
- * Estimate an initial alpha parameter by solving the quantile
- * function with a quantile point and a specific timeout value.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_initial_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                  double quantile, double timeout_ms)
-{
-  // Q(u) = Xm/((1-u)^(1/a))
-  // Q(0.8) = Xm/((1-0.8))^(1/a)) = CircBuildTimeout
-  // CircBuildTimeout = Xm/((1-0.8))^(1/a))
-  // CircBuildTimeout = Xm*((1-0.8))^(-1/a))
-  // ln(CircBuildTimeout) = ln(Xm)+ln(((1-0.8)))*(-1/a)
-  // -ln(1-0.8)/(ln(CircBuildTimeout)-ln(Xm))=a
-  tor_assert(quantile >= 0);
-  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
-  cbt->alpha = tor_mathlog(1.0-quantile)/
-    (tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm)-tor_mathlog(timeout_ms));
-  tor_assert(cbt->alpha > 0);
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns true if we need circuits to be built
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  /* Return true if < MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE */
-  return !circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(cbt);
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns true if we should build a timeout test circuit
- * right now.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_needs_circuits_now(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  return circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(cbt) &&
-    approx_time()-cbt->last_circ_at > circuit_build_times_test_frequency();
-}
-
-/**
- * Called to indicate that the network showed some signs of liveness,
- * i.e. we received a cell.
- *
- * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_live() to decide
- * if we should record the circuit build timeout or not.
- *
- * This function is called every time we receive a cell. Avoid
- * syscalls, events, and other high-intensity work.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_network_is_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  time_t now = approx_time();
-  if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts > 0) {
-    log_notice(LD_CIRC,
-               "Tor now sees network activity. Restoring circuit build "
-               "timeout recording. Network was down for %d seconds "
-               "during %d circuit attempts.",
-               (int)(now - cbt->liveness.network_last_live),
-               cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts);
-  }
-  cbt->liveness.network_last_live = now;
-  cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts = 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Called to indicate that we completed a circuit. Because this circuit
- * succeeded, it doesn't count as a timeout-after-the-first-hop.
- *
- * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_changed() to determine
- * if we had too many recent timeouts and need to reset our learned timeout
- * to something higher.
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_network_circ_success(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  /* Check for NULLness because we might not be using adaptive timeouts */
-  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
-      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
-    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx]
-      = 0;
-    cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx++;
-    cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx %= cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * A circuit just timed out. If it failed after the first hop, record it
- * in our history for later deciding if the network speed has changed.
- *
- * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_changed() to determine
- * if we had too many recent timeouts and need to reset our learned timeout
- * to something higher.
- */
-static void
-circuit_build_times_network_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                    int did_onehop)
-{
-  /* Check for NULLness because we might not be using adaptive timeouts */
-  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
-      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
-    if (did_onehop) {
-      cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx]
-        = 1;
-      cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx++;
-      cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx %= cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * A circuit was just forcibly closed. If there has been no recent network
- * activity at all, but this circuit was launched back when we thought the
- * network was live, increment the number of "nonlive" circuit timeouts.
- *
- * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_live() to decide
- * if we should record the circuit build timeout or not.
- */
-static void
-circuit_build_times_network_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                    int did_onehop, time_t start_time)
-{
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  /*
-   * Check if this is a timeout that was for a circuit that spent its
-   * entire existence during a time where we have had no network activity.
-   */
-  if (cbt->liveness.network_last_live < start_time) {
-    if (did_onehop) {
-      char last_live_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-      char start_time_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-      char now_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-      format_local_iso_time(last_live_buf, cbt->liveness.network_last_live);
-      format_local_iso_time(start_time_buf, start_time);
-      format_local_iso_time(now_buf, now);
-      log_warn(LD_BUG,
-               "Circuit somehow completed a hop while the network was "
-               "not live. Network was last live at %s, but circuit launched "
-               "at %s. It's now %s.", last_live_buf, start_time_buf,
-               now_buf);
-    }
-    cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts++;
-    if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts == 1) {
-      log_notice(LD_CIRC,
-                 "Tor has not observed any network activity for the past %d "
-                 "seconds. Disabling circuit build timeout recording.",
-                 (int)(now - cbt->liveness.network_last_live));
-    } else {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,
-             "Got non-live timeout. Current count is: %d",
-             cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * When the network is not live, we do not record circuit build times.
- *
- * The network is considered not live if there has been at least one
- * circuit build that began and ended (had its close_ms measurement
- * period expire) since we last received a cell.
- *
- * Also has the side effect of rewinding the circuit time history
- * in the case of recent liveness changes.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_network_check_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts > 0) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns true if we have seen more than MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT of
- * the past RECENT_CIRCUITS time out after the first hop. Used to detect
- * if the network connection has changed significantly, and if so,
- * resets our circuit build timeout to the default.
- *
- * Also resets the entire timeout history in this case and causes us
- * to restart the process of building test circuits and estimating a
- * new timeout.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int total_build_times = cbt->total_build_times;
-  int timeout_count=0;
-  int i;
-
-  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
-      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
-    /* how many of our recent circuits made it to the first hop but then
-     * timed out? */
-    for (i = 0; i < cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs; i++) {
-      timeout_count += cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[i];
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If 80% of our recent circuits are timing out after the first hop,
-   * we need to re-estimate a new initial alpha and timeout. */
-  if (timeout_count < circuit_build_times_max_timeouts()) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
-  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
-      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
-    memset(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop, 0,
-            sizeof(*cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop)*
-            cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs);
-  }
-  cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx = 0;
-
-  /* Check to see if this has happened before. If so, double the timeout
-   * to give people on abysmally bad network connections a shot at access */
-  if (cbt->timeout_ms >= circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout()) {
-    if (cbt->timeout_ms > INT32_MAX/2 || cbt->close_ms > INT32_MAX/2) {
-      log_warn(LD_CIRC, "Insanely large circuit build timeout value. "
-              "(timeout = %fmsec, close = %fmsec)",
-               cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms);
-    } else {
-      cbt->timeout_ms *= 2;
-      cbt->close_ms *= 2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
-                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
-  }
-
-  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_RESET);
-
-  log_notice(LD_CIRC,
-            "Your network connection speed appears to have changed. Resetting "
-            "timeout to %lds after %d timeouts and %d buildtimes.",
-            tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000), timeout_count,
-            total_build_times);
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Count the number of timeouts in a set of cbt data.
- */
-double
-circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int i=0,timeouts=0;
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] >= cbt->timeout_ms) {
-       timeouts++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!cbt->total_build_times)
-    return 0;
-
-  return ((double)timeouts)/cbt->total_build_times;
-}
-
-/**
- * Count the number of closed circuits in a set of cbt data.
- */
-double
-circuit_build_times_close_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  int i=0,closed=0;
-  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
-    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED) {
-       closed++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!cbt->total_build_times)
-    return 0;
-
-  return ((double)closed)/cbt->total_build_times;
-}
-
-/**
- * Store a timeout as a synthetic value.
- *
- * Returns true if the store was successful and we should possibly
- * update our timeout estimate.
- */
-int
-circuit_build_times_count_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                int did_onehop,
-                                time_t start_time)
-{
-  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
-    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
-                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* Record this force-close to help determine if the network is dead */
-  circuit_build_times_network_close(cbt, did_onehop, start_time);
-
-  /* Only count timeouts if network is live.. */
-  if (!circuit_build_times_network_check_live(cbt)) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  circuit_build_times_add_time(cbt, CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Update timeout counts to determine if we need to expire
- * our build time history due to excessive timeouts.
- *
- * We do not record any actual time values at this stage;
- * we are only interested in recording the fact that a timeout
- * happened. We record the time values via
- * circuit_build_times_count_close() and circuit_build_times_add_time().
- */
-void
-circuit_build_times_count_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                  int did_onehop)
-{
-  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
-    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
-                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* Register the fact that a timeout just occurred. */
-  circuit_build_times_network_timeout(cbt, did_onehop);
-
-  /* If there are a ton of timeouts, we should reset
-   * the circuit build timeout. */
-  circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(cbt);
-}
-
-/**
- * Estimate a new timeout based on history and set our timeout
- * variable accordingly.
- */
-static int
-circuit_build_times_set_timeout_worker(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
-{
-  build_time_t max_time;
-  if (!circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(cbt))
-    return 0;
-
-  if (!circuit_build_times_update_alpha(cbt))
-    return 0;
-
-  cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt,
-                                circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff());
-
-  cbt->close_ms = circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt,
-                                circuit_build_times_close_quantile());
-
-  max_time = circuit_build_times_max(cbt);
-
-  /* Sometimes really fast guard nodes give us such a steep curve
-   * that this ends up being not that much greater than timeout_ms.
-   * Make it be at least 1 min to handle this case. */
-  cbt->close_ms = MAX(cbt->close_ms, circuit_build_times_initial_timeout());
-
-  if (cbt->timeout_ms > max_time) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Circuit build timeout of %dms is beyond the maximum build "
-               "time we have ever observed. Capping it to %dms.",
-               (int)cbt->timeout_ms, max_time);
-    cbt->timeout_ms = max_time;
-  }
-
-  if (max_time < INT32_MAX/2 && cbt->close_ms > 2*max_time) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Circuit build measurement period of %dms is more than twice "
-               "the maximum build time we have ever observed. Capping it to "
-               "%dms.", (int)cbt->close_ms, 2*max_time);
-    cbt->close_ms = 2*max_time;
-  }
-
-  cbt->have_computed_timeout = 1;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Exposed function to compute a new timeout. Dispatches events and
- * also filters out extremely high timeout values.
+/** This function tries to get a channel to the specified endpoint,
+ * and then calls command_setup_channel() to give it the right
+ * callbacks.
  */
-void
-circuit_build_times_set_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+static channel_t *
+channel_connect_for_circuit(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                            const char *id_digest)
 {
-  long prev_timeout = tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000);
-  double timeout_rate;
-
-  /*
-   * Just return if we aren't using adaptive timeouts
-   */
-  if (circuit_build_times_disabled())
-    return;
-
-  if (!circuit_build_times_set_timeout_worker(cbt))
-    return;
-
-  if (cbt->timeout_ms < circuit_build_times_min_timeout()) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Set buildtimeout to low value %fms. Setting to %dms",
-             cbt->timeout_ms, circuit_build_times_min_timeout());
-    cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
-    if (cbt->close_ms < cbt->timeout_ms) {
-      /* This shouldn't happen because of MAX() in timeout_worker above,
-       * but doing it just in case */
-      cbt->close_ms = circuit_build_times_initial_timeout();
-    }
-  }
-
-  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_COMPUTED);
+  channel_t *chan;
 
-  timeout_rate = circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(cbt);
+  chan = channel_connect(addr, port, id_digest);
+  if (chan) command_setup_channel(chan);
 
-  if (prev_timeout > tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000)) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Based on %d circuit times, it looks like we don't need to "
-               "wait so long for circuits to finish. We will now assume a "
-               "circuit is too slow to use after waiting %ld seconds.",
-               cbt->total_build_times,
-               tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000));
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-             "Circuit timeout data: %fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f, r: %f",
-             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha,
-             timeout_rate);
-  } else if (prev_timeout < tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000)) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Based on %d circuit times, it looks like we need to wait "
-               "longer for circuits to finish. We will now assume a "
-               "circuit is too slow to use after waiting %ld seconds.",
-               cbt->total_build_times,
-               tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000));
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-             "Circuit timeout data: %fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f, r: %f",
-             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha,
-             timeout_rate);
-  } else {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,
-             "Set circuit build timeout to %lds (%fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f,"
-             " r: %f) based on %d circuit times",
-             tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000),
-             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha, timeout_rate,
-             cbt->total_build_times);
-  }
+  return chan;
 }
 
 /** Iterate over values of circ_id, starting from conn-\>next_circ_id,
@@ -1680,36 +99,46 @@ circuit_build_times_set_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
  * Return it, or 0 if can't get a unique circ_id.
  */
 static circid_t
-get_unique_circ_id_by_conn(or_connection_t *conn)
+get_unique_circ_id_by_chan(channel_t *chan)
 {
   circid_t test_circ_id;
   circid_t attempts=0;
-  circid_t high_bit;
+  circid_t high_bit, max_range;
 
-  tor_assert(conn);
-  if (conn->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_NEITHER) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Trying to pick a circuit ID for a connection from "
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  if (chan->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_NEITHER) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Trying to pick a circuit ID for a connection from "
              "a client with no identity.");
     return 0;
   }
-  high_bit = (conn->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER) ? 1<<15 : 0;
+  max_range =  (chan->wide_circ_ids) ? (1u<<31) : (1u<<15);
+  high_bit = (chan->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER) ? max_range : 0;
   do {
-    /* Sequentially iterate over test_circ_id=1...1<<15-1 until we find a
+    /* Sequentially iterate over test_circ_id=1...max_range until we find a
      * circID such that (high_bit|test_circ_id) is not already used. */
-    test_circ_id = conn->next_circ_id++;
-    if (test_circ_id == 0 || test_circ_id >= 1<<15) {
+    test_circ_id = chan->next_circ_id++;
+    if (test_circ_id == 0 || test_circ_id >= max_range) {
       test_circ_id = 1;
-      conn->next_circ_id = 2;
+      chan->next_circ_id = 2;
     }
-    if (++attempts > 1<<15) {
+    if (++attempts > max_range) {
       /* Make sure we don't loop forever if all circ_id's are used. This
        * matters because it's an external DoS opportunity.
        */
-      log_warn(LD_CIRC,"No unused circ IDs. Failing.");
+      if (! chan->warned_circ_ids_exhausted) {
+        chan->warned_circ_ids_exhausted = 1;
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,"No unused circIDs found on channel %s wide "
+                 "circID support, with %u inbound and %u outbound circuits. "
+                 "Failing a circuit.",
+                 chan->wide_circ_ids ? "with" : "without",
+                 chan->num_p_circuits, chan->num_n_circuits);
+      }
       return 0;
     }
     test_circ_id |= high_bit;
-  } while (circuit_id_in_use_on_orconn(test_circ_id, conn));
+  } while (circuit_id_in_use_on_channel(test_circ_id, chan));
   return test_circ_id;
 }
 
@@ -1736,8 +165,8 @@ circuit_list_path_impl(origin_circuit_t *circ, int verbose, int verbose_names)
                  circ->build_state->is_internal ? "internal" : "exit",
                  circ->build_state->need_uptime ? " (high-uptime)" : "",
                  circ->build_state->desired_path_len,
-                 circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN ? "" : ", last hop ",
-                 circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN ? "" :
+                 circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN ? "" : ", last hop ",
+                 circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN ? "" :
                  (nickname?nickname:"*unnamed*"));
   }
 
@@ -1865,21 +294,74 @@ circuit_rep_hist_note_result(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   } while (hop!=circ->cpath);
 }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+/** Return 1 iff at least one node in circ's cpath supports ntor. */
+static int
+circuit_cpath_supports_ntor(const origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  crypt_path_t *head = circ->cpath, *cpath = circ->cpath;
+
+  cpath = head;
+  do {
+    if (cpath->extend_info &&
+        !tor_mem_is_zero(
+            (const char*)cpath->extend_info->curve25519_onion_key.public_key,
+            CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN))
+      return 1;
+
+    cpath = cpath->next;
+  } while (cpath != head);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+#else
+#define circuit_cpath_supports_ntor(circ) 0
+#endif
+
 /** Pick all the entries in our cpath. Stop and return 0 when we're
  * happy, or return -1 if an error occurs. */
 static int
 onion_populate_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  int r;
- again:
-  r = onion_extend_cpath(circ);
-  if (r < 0) {
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,"Generating cpath hop failed.");
-    return -1;
+  int n_tries = 0;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  const int using_ntor = circuits_can_use_ntor();
+#else
+  const int using_ntor = 0;
+#endif
+
+#define MAX_POPULATE_ATTEMPTS 32
+
+  while (1) {
+    int r = onion_extend_cpath(circ);
+    if (r < 0) {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,"Generating cpath hop failed.");
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (r == 1) {
+      /* This circuit doesn't need/shouldn't be forced to have an ntor hop */
+      if (circ->build_state->desired_path_len <= 1 || ! using_ntor)
+        return 0;
+
+      /* This circuit has an ntor hop. great! */
+      if (circuit_cpath_supports_ntor(circ))
+        return 0;
+
+      /* No node in the circuit supports ntor.  Have we already tried too many
+       * times? */
+      if (++n_tries >= MAX_POPULATE_ATTEMPTS)
+        break;
+
+      /* Clear the path and retry */
+      circuit_clear_cpath(circ);
+    }
   }
-  if (r == 0)
-    goto again;
-  return 0; /* if r == 1 */
+  log_warn(LD_CIRC, "I tried for %d times, but I couldn't build a %d-hop "
+           "circuit with at least one node that supports ntor.",
+           MAX_POPULATE_ATTEMPTS,
+           circ->build_state->desired_path_len);
+
+  return -1;
 }
 
 /** Create and return a new origin circuit. Initialize its purpose and
@@ -1888,9 +370,9 @@ onion_populate_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 origin_circuit_t *
 origin_circuit_init(uint8_t purpose, int flags)
 {
-  /* sets circ->p_circ_id and circ->p_conn */
+  /* sets circ->p_circ_id and circ->p_chan */
   origin_circuit_t *circ = origin_circuit_new();
-  circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT);
+  circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT);
   circ->build_state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cpath_build_state_t));
   circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel =
     ((flags & CIRCLAUNCH_ONEHOP_TUNNEL) ? 1 : 0);
@@ -1900,7 +382,7 @@ origin_circuit_init(uint8_t purpose, int flags)
     ((flags & CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_CAPACITY) ? 1 : 0);
   circ->build_state->is_internal =
     ((flags & CIRCLAUNCH_IS_INTERNAL) ? 1 : 0);
-  circ->_base.purpose = purpose;
+  circ->base_.purpose = purpose;
   return circ;
 }
 
@@ -1942,7 +424,7 @@ int
 circuit_handle_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
   crypt_path_t *firsthop;
-  or_connection_t *n_conn;
+  channel_t *n_chan;
   int err_reason = 0;
   const char *msg = NULL;
   int should_launch = 0;
@@ -1952,29 +434,30 @@ circuit_handle_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   tor_assert(firsthop->extend_info);
 
   /* now see if we're already connected to the first OR in 'route' */
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Looking for firsthop '%s:%u'",
-            fmt_addr(&firsthop->extend_info->addr),
-            firsthop->extend_info->port);
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Looking for firsthop '%s'",
+            fmt_addrport(&firsthop->extend_info->addr,
+                         firsthop->extend_info->port));
 
-  n_conn = connection_or_get_for_extend(firsthop->extend_info->identity_digest,
-                                        &firsthop->extend_info->addr,
-                                        &msg,
-                                        &should_launch);
+  n_chan = channel_get_for_extend(firsthop->extend_info->identity_digest,
+                                  &firsthop->extend_info->addr,
+                                  &msg,
+                                  &should_launch);
 
-  if (!n_conn) {
+  if (!n_chan) {
     /* not currently connected in a useful way. */
     log_info(LD_CIRC, "Next router is %s: %s",
              safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(firsthop->extend_info)),
              msg?msg:"???");
-    circ->_base.n_hop = extend_info_dup(firsthop->extend_info);
+    circ->base_.n_hop = extend_info_dup(firsthop->extend_info);
 
     if (should_launch) {
       if (circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel)
         control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CONN_DIR, 0);
-      n_conn = connection_or_connect(&firsthop->extend_info->addr,
-                                     firsthop->extend_info->port,
-                                     firsthop->extend_info->identity_digest);
-      if (!n_conn) { /* connect failed, forget the whole thing */
+      n_chan = channel_connect_for_circuit(
+          &firsthop->extend_info->addr,
+          firsthop->extend_info->port,
+          firsthop->extend_info->identity_digest);
+      if (!n_chan) { /* connect failed, forget the whole thing */
         log_info(LD_CIRC,"connect to firsthop failed. Closing.");
         return -END_CIRC_REASON_CONNECTFAILED;
       }
@@ -1982,13 +465,13 @@ circuit_handle_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 
     log_debug(LD_CIRC,"connecting in progress (or finished). Good.");
     /* return success. The onion/circuit/etc will be taken care of
-     * automatically (may already have been) whenever n_conn reaches
+     * automatically (may already have been) whenever n_chan reaches
      * OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN.
      */
     return 0;
   } else { /* it's already open. use it. */
-    tor_assert(!circ->_base.n_hop);
-    circ->_base.n_conn = n_conn;
+    tor_assert(!circ->base_.n_hop);
+    circ->base_.n_chan = n_chan;
     log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Conn open. Delivering first onion skin.");
     if ((err_reason = circuit_send_next_onion_skin(circ)) < 0) {
       log_info(LD_CIRC,"circuit_send_next_onion_skin failed.");
@@ -2004,48 +487,49 @@ circuit_handle_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
  * Status is 1 if connect succeeded, or 0 if connect failed.
  */
 void
-circuit_n_conn_done(or_connection_t *or_conn, int status)
+circuit_n_chan_done(channel_t *chan, int status)
 {
   smartlist_t *pending_circs;
   int err_reason = 0;
 
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"or_conn to %s/%s, status=%d",
-            or_conn->nickname ? or_conn->nickname : "NULL",
-            or_conn->_base.address, status);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"chan to %s/%s, status=%d",
+            chan->nickname ? chan->nickname : "NULL",
+            channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan), status);
 
   pending_circs = smartlist_new();
-  circuit_get_all_pending_on_or_conn(pending_circs, or_conn);
+  circuit_get_all_pending_on_channel(pending_circs, chan);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(pending_circs, circuit_t *, circ)
     {
       /* These checks are redundant wrt get_all_pending_on_or_conn, but I'm
        * leaving them in in case it's possible for the status of a circuit to
        * change as we're going down the list. */
-      if (circ->marked_for_close || circ->n_conn || !circ->n_hop ||
-          circ->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT)
+      if (circ->marked_for_close || circ->n_chan || !circ->n_hop ||
+          circ->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT)
         continue;
 
       if (tor_digest_is_zero(circ->n_hop->identity_digest)) {
         /* Look at addr/port. This is an unkeyed connection. */
-        if (!tor_addr_eq(&circ->n_hop->addr, &or_conn->_base.addr) ||
-            circ->n_hop->port != or_conn->_base.port)
+        if (!channel_matches_extend_info(chan, circ->n_hop))
           continue;
       } else {
         /* We expected a key. See if it's the right one. */
-        if (tor_memneq(or_conn->identity_digest,
+        if (tor_memneq(chan->identity_digest,
                    circ->n_hop->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN))
           continue;
       }
-      if (!status) { /* or_conn failed; close circ */
-        log_info(LD_CIRC,"or_conn failed. Closing circ.");
-        circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_OR_CONN_CLOSED);
+      if (!status) { /* chan failed; close circ */
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,"Channel failed; closing circ.");
+        circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_CHANNEL_CLOSED);
         continue;
       }
       log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Found circ, sending create cell.");
       /* circuit_deliver_create_cell will set n_circ_id and add us to
-       * orconn_circuid_circuit_map, so we don't need to call
-       * set_circid_orconn here. */
-      circ->n_conn = or_conn;
+       * chan_circuid_circuit_map, so we don't need to call
+       * set_circid_chan here. */
+      circ->n_chan = chan;
       extend_info_free(circ->n_hop);
       circ->n_hop = NULL;
 
@@ -2060,14 +544,13 @@ circuit_n_conn_done(or_connection_t *or_conn, int status)
            *     died? */
         }
       } else {
-        /* pull the create cell out of circ->onionskin, and send it */
-        tor_assert(circ->n_conn_onionskin);
-        if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(circ,CELL_CREATE,
-                                        circ->n_conn_onionskin)<0) {
+        /* pull the create cell out of circ->n_chan_create_cell, and send it */
+        tor_assert(circ->n_chan_create_cell);
+        if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(circ, circ->n_chan_create_cell, 1)<0) {
           circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT);
           continue;
         }
-        tor_free(circ->n_conn_onionskin);
+        tor_free(circ->n_chan_create_cell);
         circuit_set_state(circ, CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
       }
     }
@@ -2076,44 +559,63 @@ circuit_n_conn_done(or_connection_t *or_conn, int status)
   smartlist_free(pending_circs);
 }
 
-/** Find a new circid that isn't currently in use on the circ->n_conn
+/** Find a new circid that isn't currently in use on the circ->n_chan
  * for the outgoing
- * circuit <b>circ</b>, and deliver a cell of type <b>cell_type</b>
- * (either CELL_CREATE or CELL_CREATE_FAST) with payload <b>payload</b>
- * to this circuit.
- * Return -1 if we failed to find a suitable circid, else return 0.
+ * circuit <b>circ</b>, and deliver the cell <b>create_cell</b> to this
+ * circuit.  If <b>relayed</b> is true, this is a create cell somebody
+ * gave us via an EXTEND cell, so we shouldn't worry if we don't understand
+ * it. Return -1 if we failed to find a suitable circid, else return 0.
  */
 static int
-circuit_deliver_create_cell(circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type,
-                            const char *payload)
+circuit_deliver_create_cell(circuit_t *circ, const create_cell_t *create_cell,
+                            int relayed)
 {
   cell_t cell;
   circid_t id;
+  int r;
 
   tor_assert(circ);
-  tor_assert(circ->n_conn);
-  tor_assert(payload);
-  tor_assert(cell_type == CELL_CREATE || cell_type == CELL_CREATE_FAST);
+  tor_assert(circ->n_chan);
+  tor_assert(create_cell);
+  tor_assert(create_cell->cell_type == CELL_CREATE ||
+             create_cell->cell_type == CELL_CREATE_FAST ||
+             create_cell->cell_type == CELL_CREATE2);
 
-  id = get_unique_circ_id_by_conn(circ->n_conn);
+  id = get_unique_circ_id_by_chan(circ->n_chan);
   if (!id) {
     log_warn(LD_CIRC,"failed to get unique circID.");
     return -1;
   }
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Chosen circID %u.", id);
-  circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circ, id, circ->n_conn);
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Chosen circID %u.", (unsigned)id);
+  circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circ, id, circ->n_chan);
 
   memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell_t));
-  cell.command = cell_type;
+  r = relayed ? create_cell_format_relayed(&cell, create_cell)
+              : create_cell_format(&cell, create_cell);
+  if (r < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,"Couldn't format create cell");
+    return -1;
+  }
   cell.circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
 
-  memcpy(cell.payload, payload, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
-  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, circ->n_conn, &cell,
+  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, circ->n_chan, &cell,
                                CELL_DIRECTION_OUT, 0);
 
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
+    /* Update began timestamp for circuits starting their first hop */
+    if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_CLOSED) {
+      if (circ->n_chan->state != CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN) {
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Got first hop for a circuit without an opened channel. "
+                 "State: %s.", channel_state_to_string(circ->n_chan->state));
+        tor_fragile_assert();
+      }
+
+      tor_gettimeofday(&circ->timestamp_began);
+    }
+
     /* mark it so it gets better rate limiting treatment. */
-    circ->n_conn->client_used = time(NULL);
+    channel_timestamp_client(circ->n_chan);
   }
 
   return 0;
@@ -2185,6 +687,73 @@ circuit_timeout_want_to_count_circ(origin_circuit_t *circ)
           && circ->build_state->desired_path_len == DEFAULT_ROUTE_LEN;
 }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+/** Return true if the ntor handshake is enabled in the configuration, or if
+ * it's been set to "auto" in the configuration and it's enabled in the
+ * consensus. */
+static int
+circuits_can_use_ntor(void)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  if (options->UseNTorHandshake != -1)
+    return options->UseNTorHandshake;
+  return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "UseNTorHandshake", 0, 0, 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Decide whether to use a TAP or ntor handshake for connecting to <b>ei</b>
+ * directly, and set *<b>cell_type_out</b> and *<b>handshake_type_out</b>
+ * accordingly. */
+static void
+circuit_pick_create_handshake(uint8_t *cell_type_out,
+                              uint16_t *handshake_type_out,
+                              const extend_info_t *ei)
+{
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  if (!tor_mem_is_zero((const char*)ei->curve25519_onion_key.public_key,
+                       CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN) &&
+      circuits_can_use_ntor()) {
+    *cell_type_out = CELL_CREATE2;
+    *handshake_type_out = ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR;
+    return;
+  }
+#else
+  (void) ei;
+#endif
+
+  *cell_type_out = CELL_CREATE;
+  *handshake_type_out = ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP;
+}
+
+/** Decide whether to use a TAP or ntor handshake for connecting to <b>ei</b>
+ * directly, and set *<b>handshake_type_out</b> accordingly. Decide whether,
+ * in extending through <b>node</b> to do so, we should use an EXTEND2 or an
+ * EXTEND cell to do so, and set *<b>cell_type_out</b> and
+ * *<b>create_cell_type_out</b> accordingly. */
+static void
+circuit_pick_extend_handshake(uint8_t *cell_type_out,
+                              uint8_t *create_cell_type_out,
+                              uint16_t *handshake_type_out,
+                              const node_t *node_prev,
+                              const extend_info_t *ei)
+{
+  uint8_t t;
+  circuit_pick_create_handshake(&t, handshake_type_out, ei);
+  /* XXXX024 The check for whether the node has a curve25519 key is a bad
+   * proxy for whether it can do extend2 cells; once a version that
+   * handles extend2 cells is out, remove it. */
+  if (node_prev &&
+      *handshake_type_out != ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP &&
+      (node_has_curve25519_onion_key(node_prev) ||
+       (node_prev->rs && node_prev->rs->version_supports_extend2_cells))) {
+    *cell_type_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2;
+    *create_cell_type_out = CELL_CREATE2;
+  } else {
+    *cell_type_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND;
+    *create_cell_type_out = CELL_CREATE;
+  }
+}
+
 /** This is the backbone function for building circuits.
  *
  * If circ's first hop is closed, then we need to build a create
@@ -2200,49 +769,50 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
   crypt_path_t *hop;
   const node_t *node;
-  char payload[2+4+DIGEST_LEN+ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
-  char *onionskin;
-  size_t payload_len;
 
   tor_assert(circ);
 
   if (circ->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_CLOSED) {
+    /* This is the first hop. */
+    create_cell_t cc;
     int fast;
-    uint8_t cell_type;
+    int len;
     log_debug(LD_CIRC,"First skin; sending create cell.");
+    memset(&cc, 0, sizeof(cc));
     if (circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel)
       control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_ONEHOP_CREATE, 0);
     else
       control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CIRCUIT_CREATE, 0);
 
-    node = node_get_by_id(circ->_base.n_conn->identity_digest);
+    node = node_get_by_id(circ->base_.n_chan->identity_digest);
     fast = should_use_create_fast_for_circuit(circ);
     if (!fast) {
       /* We are an OR and we know the right onion key: we should
-       * send an old slow create cell.
+       * send a create cell.
        */
-      cell_type = CELL_CREATE;
-      if (onion_skin_create(circ->cpath->extend_info->onion_key,
-                            &(circ->cpath->dh_handshake_state),
-                            payload) < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_CIRC,"onion_skin_create (first hop) failed.");
-        return - END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
-      }
+      circuit_pick_create_handshake(&cc.cell_type, &cc.handshake_type,
+                                    circ->cpath->extend_info);
       note_request("cell: create", 1);
     } else {
       /* We are not an OR, and we're building the first hop of a circuit to a
        * new OR: we can be speedy and use CREATE_FAST to save an RSA operation
        * and a DH operation. */
-      cell_type = CELL_CREATE_FAST;
-      memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));
-      crypto_rand((char*) circ->cpath->fast_handshake_state,
-                  sizeof(circ->cpath->fast_handshake_state));
-      memcpy(payload, circ->cpath->fast_handshake_state,
-             sizeof(circ->cpath->fast_handshake_state));
+      cc.cell_type = CELL_CREATE_FAST;
+      cc.handshake_type = ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST;
       note_request("cell: create fast", 1);
     }
 
-    if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), cell_type, payload) < 0)
+    len = onion_skin_create(cc.handshake_type,
+                            circ->cpath->extend_info,
+                            &circ->cpath->handshake_state,
+                            cc.onionskin);
+    if (len < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_CIRC,"onion_skin_create (first hop) failed.");
+      return - END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
+    }
+    cc.handshake_len = len;
+
+    if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), &cc, 0) < 0)
       return - END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT;
 
     circ->cpath->state = CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS;
@@ -2251,10 +821,13 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
              fast ? "CREATE_FAST" : "CREATE",
              node ? node_describe(node) : "<unnamed>");
   } else {
+    extend_cell_t ec;
+    int len;
     tor_assert(circ->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_OPEN);
-    tor_assert(circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING);
+    tor_assert(circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING);
     log_debug(LD_CIRC,"starting to send subsequent skin.");
     hop = onion_next_hop_in_cpath(circ->cpath);
+    memset(&ec, 0, sizeof(ec));
     if (!hop) {
       /* done building the circuit. whew. */
       circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
@@ -2262,7 +835,7 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
         struct timeval end;
         long timediff;
         tor_gettimeofday(&end);
-        timediff = tv_mdiff(&circ->_base.timestamp_created, &end);
+        timediff = tv_mdiff(&circ->base_.timestamp_began, &end);
 
         /*
          * If the circuit build time is much greater than we would have cut
@@ -2272,8 +845,8 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
         if (timediff < 0 || timediff > 2*circ_times.close_ms+1000) {
           log_notice(LD_CIRC, "Strange value for circuit build time: %ldmsec. "
                               "Assuming clock jump. Purpose %d (%s)", timediff,
-                     circ->_base.purpose,
-                     circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose));
+                     circ->base_.purpose,
+                     circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose));
         } else if (!circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
           /* Only count circuit times if the network is live */
           if (circuit_build_times_network_check_live(&circ_times)) {
@@ -2281,7 +854,7 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
             circuit_build_times_set_timeout(&circ_times);
           }
 
-          if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
+          if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
             circuit_build_times_network_circ_success(&circ_times);
           }
         }
@@ -2293,6 +866,10 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
         control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_REQUESTING_STATUS, 0);
       }
 
+      pathbias_count_build_success(circ);
+      circuit_rep_hist_note_result(circ);
+      circuit_has_opened(circ); /* do other actions as necessary */
+
       if (!can_complete_circuit && !circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel) {
         const or_options_t *options = get_options();
         can_complete_circuit=1;
@@ -2309,13 +886,10 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
         }
       }
 
-      pathbias_count_success(circ);
-      circuit_rep_hist_note_result(circ);
-      circuit_has_opened(circ); /* do other actions as necessary */
-
       /* We're done with measurement circuits here. Just close them */
-      if (circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT)
+      if (circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
         circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
+      }
       return 0;
     }
 
@@ -2324,29 +898,50 @@ circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ)
       return - END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
     }
 
-    set_uint32(payload, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&hop->extend_info->addr));
-    set_uint16(payload+4, htons(hop->extend_info->port));
-
-    onionskin = payload+2+4;
-    memcpy(payload+2+4+ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
-           hop->extend_info->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-    payload_len = 2+4+ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN+DIGEST_LEN;
-
-    if (onion_skin_create(hop->extend_info->onion_key,
-                          &(hop->dh_handshake_state), onionskin) < 0) {
+    {
+      const node_t *prev_node;
+      prev_node = node_get_by_id(hop->prev->extend_info->identity_digest);
+      circuit_pick_extend_handshake(&ec.cell_type,
+                                    &ec.create_cell.cell_type,
+                                    &ec.create_cell.handshake_type,
+                                    prev_node,
+                                    hop->extend_info);
+    }
+
+    tor_addr_copy(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr, &hop->extend_info->addr);
+    ec.orport_ipv4.port = hop->extend_info->port;
+    tor_addr_make_unspec(&ec.orport_ipv6.addr);
+    memcpy(ec.node_id, hop->extend_info->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+    len = onion_skin_create(ec.create_cell.handshake_type,
+                            hop->extend_info,
+                            &hop->handshake_state,
+                            ec.create_cell.onionskin);
+    if (len < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_CIRC,"onion_skin_create failed.");
       return - END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
     }
+    ec.create_cell.handshake_len = len;
 
     log_info(LD_CIRC,"Sending extend relay cell.");
     note_request("cell: extend", 1);
-    /* send it to hop->prev, because it will transfer
-     * it to a create cell and then send to hop */
-    if (relay_send_command_from_edge(0, TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
-                                     RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND,
-                                     payload, payload_len, hop->prev) < 0)
-      return 0; /* circuit is closed */
+    {
+      uint8_t command = 0;
+      uint16_t payload_len=0;
+      uint8_t payload[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+      if (extend_cell_format(&command, &payload_len, payload, &ec)<0) {
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,"Couldn't format extend cell");
+        return -END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
+      }
 
+      /* send it to hop->prev, because it will transfer
+       * it to a create cell and then send to hop */
+      if (relay_send_command_from_edge(0, TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
+                                       command,
+                                       (char*)payload, payload_len,
+                                       hop->prev) < 0)
+        return 0; /* circuit is closed */
+    }
     hop->state = CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -2369,7 +964,7 @@ circuit_note_clock_jumped(int seconds_elapsed)
   control_event_client_status(severity, "CIRCUIT_NOT_ESTABLISHED REASON=%s",
                               "CLOCK_JUMPED");
   circuit_mark_all_unused_circs();
-  circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs();
+  circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable();
 }
 
 /** Take the 'extend' <b>cell</b>, pull out addr/port plus the onion
@@ -2383,19 +978,15 @@ circuit_note_clock_jumped(int seconds_elapsed)
 int
 circuit_extend(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  or_connection_t *n_conn;
+  channel_t *n_chan;
   relay_header_t rh;
-  char *onionskin;
-  char *id_digest=NULL;
-  uint32_t n_addr32;
-  uint16_t n_port;
-  tor_addr_t n_addr;
+  extend_cell_t ec;
   const char *msg = NULL;
   int should_launch = 0;
 
-  if (circ->n_conn) {
+  if (circ->n_chan) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "n_conn already set. Bug/attack. Closing.");
+           "n_chan already set. Bug/attack. Closing.");
     return -1;
   }
   if (circ->n_hop) {
@@ -2412,27 +1003,21 @@ circuit_extend(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
 
   relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell->payload);
 
-  if (rh.length < 4+2+ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN+DIGEST_LEN) {
+  if (extend_cell_parse(&ec, rh.command,
+                        cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                        rh.length) < 0) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Wrong length %d on extend cell. Closing circuit.",
-           rh.length);
+           "Can't parse extend cell. Closing circuit.");
     return -1;
   }
 
-  n_addr32 = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE));
-  n_port = ntohs(get_uint16(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+4));
-  onionskin = (char*) cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+4+2;
-  id_digest = (char*) cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+4+2+
-    ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN;
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&n_addr, n_addr32);
-
-  if (!n_port || !n_addr32) {
+  if (!ec.orport_ipv4.port || tor_addr_is_null(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr)) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
            "Client asked me to extend to zero destination port or addr.");
     return -1;
   }
 
-  if (tor_addr_is_internal(&n_addr, 0) &&
+  if (tor_addr_is_internal(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr, 0) &&
       !get_options()->ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
            "Client asked me to extend to a private address");
@@ -2445,7 +1030,7 @@ circuit_extend(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
    * fingerprints -- a) because it opens the user up to a mitm attack,
    * and b) because it lets an attacker force the relay to hold open a
    * new TLS connection for each extend request. */
-  if (tor_digest_is_zero(id_digest)) {
+  if (tor_digest_is_zero((const char*)ec.node_id)) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
            "Client asked me to extend without specifying an id_digest.");
     return -1;
@@ -2454,55 +1039,64 @@ circuit_extend(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
   /* Next, check if we're being asked to connect to the hop that the
    * extend cell came from. There isn't any reason for that, and it can
    * assist circular-path attacks. */
-  if (tor_memeq(id_digest, TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn->identity_digest,
-              DIGEST_LEN)) {
+  if (tor_memeq(ec.node_id,
+                TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan->identity_digest,
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
            "Client asked me to extend back to the previous hop.");
     return -1;
   }
 
-  n_conn = connection_or_get_for_extend(id_digest,
-                                        &n_addr,
-                                        &msg,
-                                        &should_launch);
+  n_chan = channel_get_for_extend((const char*)ec.node_id,
+                                  &ec.orport_ipv4.addr,
+                                  &msg,
+                                  &should_launch);
 
-  if (!n_conn) {
-    log_debug(LD_CIRC|LD_OR,"Next router (%s:%d): %s",
-              fmt_addr(&n_addr), (int)n_port, msg?msg:"????");
+  if (!n_chan) {
+    log_debug(LD_CIRC|LD_OR,"Next router (%s): %s",
+              fmt_addrport(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr,ec.orport_ipv4.port),
+              msg?msg:"????");
 
-    circ->n_hop = extend_info_alloc(NULL /*nickname*/,
-                                    id_digest,
-                                    NULL /*onion_key*/,
-                                    &n_addr, n_port);
+    circ->n_hop = extend_info_new(NULL /*nickname*/,
+                                  (const char*)ec.node_id,
+                                  NULL /*onion_key*/,
+                                  NULL /*curve25519_key*/,
+                                  &ec.orport_ipv4.addr,
+                                  ec.orport_ipv4.port);
 
-    circ->n_conn_onionskin = tor_malloc(ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
-    memcpy(circ->n_conn_onionskin, onionskin, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
-    circuit_set_state(circ, CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT);
+    circ->n_chan_create_cell = tor_memdup(&ec.create_cell,
+                                          sizeof(ec.create_cell));
+
+    circuit_set_state(circ, CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT);
 
     if (should_launch) {
       /* we should try to open a connection */
-      n_conn = connection_or_connect(&n_addr, n_port, id_digest);
-      if (!n_conn) {
-        log_info(LD_CIRC,"Launching n_conn failed. Closing circuit.");
+      n_chan = channel_connect_for_circuit(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr,
+                                           ec.orport_ipv4.port,
+                                           (const char*)ec.node_id);
+      if (!n_chan) {
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,"Launching n_chan failed. Closing circuit.");
         circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_CONNECTFAILED);
         return 0;
       }
       log_debug(LD_CIRC,"connecting in progress (or finished). Good.");
     }
     /* return success. The onion/circuit/etc will be taken care of
-     * automatically (may already have been) whenever n_conn reaches
+     * automatically (may already have been) whenever n_chan reaches
      * OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN.
      */
     return 0;
   }
 
   tor_assert(!circ->n_hop); /* Connection is already established. */
-  circ->n_conn = n_conn;
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC,"n_conn is %s:%u",
-            n_conn->_base.address,n_conn->_base.port);
+  circ->n_chan = n_chan;
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+            "n_chan is %s",
+            channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(n_chan));
 
-  if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(circ, CELL_CREATE, onionskin) < 0)
+  if (circuit_deliver_create_cell(circ, &ec.create_cell, 1) < 0)
     return -1;
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2556,12 +1150,12 @@ circuit_init_cpath_crypto(crypt_path_t *cpath, const char *key_data,
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** The minimum number of first hop completions before we start
+/** The minimum number of circuit attempts before we start
   * thinking about warning about path bias and dropping guards */
 static int
 pathbias_get_min_circs(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_MIN_CIRC 20
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_MIN_CIRC 150
   if (options->PathBiasCircThreshold >= 5)
     return options->PathBiasCircThreshold;
   else
@@ -2570,10 +1164,11 @@ pathbias_get_min_circs(const or_options_t *options)
                                    5, INT32_MAX);
 }
 
+/** The circuit success rate below which we issue a notice */
 static double
 pathbias_get_notice_rate(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_NOTICE_PCT 40
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_NOTICE_PCT 70
   if (options->PathBiasNoticeRate >= 0.0)
     return options->PathBiasNoticeRate;
   else
@@ -2581,23 +1176,62 @@ pathbias_get_notice_rate(const or_options_t *options)
                                    DFLT_PATH_BIAS_NOTICE_PCT, 0, 100)/100.0;
 }
 
+/* XXXX024 I'd like to have this be static again, but entrynodes.c needs it. */
+/** The circuit success rate below which we issue a warn */
 static double
-pathbias_get_disable_rate(const or_options_t *options)
+pathbias_get_warn_rate(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_WARN_PCT 50
+  if (options->PathBiasWarnRate >= 0.0)
+    return options->PathBiasWarnRate;
+  else
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_warnpct",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_WARN_PCT, 0, 100)/100.0;
+}
+
+/* XXXX024 I'd like to have this be static again, but entrynodes.c needs it. */
+/**
+ * The extreme rate is the rate at which we would drop the guard,
+ * if pb_dropguard is also set. Otherwise we just warn.
+ */
+double
+pathbias_get_extreme_rate(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-// XXX: This needs tuning based on use + experimentation before we set it
-#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_DISABLE_PCT 0
-  if (options->PathBiasDisableRate >= 0.0)
-    return options->PathBiasDisableRate;
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_EXTREME_PCT 30
+  if (options->PathBiasExtremeRate >= 0.0)
+    return options->PathBiasExtremeRate;
   else
-    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_disablepct",
-                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_DISABLE_PCT, 0, 100)/100.0;
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_extremepct",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_EXTREME_PCT, 0, 100)/100.0;
 }
 
+/* XXXX024 I'd like to have this be static again, but entrynodes.c needs it. */
+/**
+ * If 1, we actually disable use of guards that fall below
+ * the extreme_pct.
+ */
+int
+pathbias_get_dropguards(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_DROP_GUARDS 0
+  if (options->PathBiasDropGuards >= 0)
+    return options->PathBiasDropGuards;
+  else
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_dropguards",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_DROP_GUARDS, 0, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is the number of circuits at which we scale our
+ * counts by mult_factor/scale_factor. Note, this count is
+ * not exact, as we only perform the scaling in the event
+ * of no integer truncation.
+ */
 static int
 pathbias_get_scale_threshold(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_THRESHOLD 200
-  if (options->PathBiasScaleThreshold >= 2)
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_THRESHOLD 300
+  if (options->PathBiasScaleThreshold >= 10)
     return options->PathBiasScaleThreshold;
   else
     return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_scalecircs",
@@ -2605,141 +1239,330 @@ pathbias_get_scale_threshold(const or_options_t *options)
                                    INT32_MAX);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Compute the path bias scaling ratio from the consensus
+ * parameters pb_multfactor/pb_scalefactor.
+ *
+ * Returns a value in (0, 1.0] which we multiply our pathbias
+ * counts with to scale them down.
+ */
+static double
+pathbias_get_scale_ratio(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  /*
+   * The scale factor is the denominator for our scaling
+   * of circuit counts for our path bias window.
+   *
+   * Note that our use of doubles for the path bias state
+   * file means that powers of 2 work best here.
+   */
+  int denominator = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_scalefactor",
+                              2, 2, INT32_MAX);
+  (void) options;
+  /**
+   * The mult factor is the numerator for our scaling
+   * of circuit counts for our path bias window. It
+   * allows us to scale by fractions.
+   */
+  return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_multfactor",
+                              1, 1, denominator)/((double)denominator);
+}
+
+/** The minimum number of circuit usage attempts before we start
+  * thinking about warning about path use bias and dropping guards */
 static int
-pathbias_get_scale_factor(const or_options_t *options)
+pathbias_get_min_use(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_MIN_USE 20
+  if (options->PathBiasUseThreshold >= 3)
+    return options->PathBiasUseThreshold;
+  else
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_minuse",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_MIN_USE,
+                                   3, INT32_MAX);
+}
+
+/** The circuit use success rate below which we issue a notice */
+static double
+pathbias_get_notice_use_rate(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_FACTOR 4
-  if (options->PathBiasScaleFactor >= 1)
-    return options->PathBiasScaleFactor;
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_NOTICE_USE_PCT 80
+  if (options->PathBiasNoticeUseRate >= 0.0)
+    return options->PathBiasNoticeUseRate;
   else
-    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_scalefactor",
-                                DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_THRESHOLD, 1, INT32_MAX);
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_noticeusepct",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_NOTICE_USE_PCT,
+                                   0, 100)/100.0;
 }
 
-static const char *
+/**
+ * The extreme use rate is the rate at which we would drop the guard,
+ * if pb_dropguard is also set. Otherwise we just warn.
+ */
+double
+pathbias_get_extreme_use_rate(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_EXTREME_USE_PCT 60
+  if (options->PathBiasExtremeUseRate >= 0.0)
+    return options->PathBiasExtremeUseRate;
+  else
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_extremeusepct",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_EXTREME_USE_PCT,
+                                   0, 100)/100.0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is the number of circuits at which we scale our
+ * use counts by mult_factor/scale_factor. Note, this count is
+ * not exact, as we only perform the scaling in the event
+ * of no integer truncation.
+ */
+static int
+pathbias_get_scale_use_threshold(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+#define DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_USE_THRESHOLD 100
+  if (options->PathBiasScaleUseThreshold >= 10)
+    return options->PathBiasScaleUseThreshold;
+  else
+    return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "pb_scaleuse",
+                                   DFLT_PATH_BIAS_SCALE_USE_THRESHOLD,
+                                   10, INT32_MAX);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a Guard's path state to string.
+ */
+const char *
 pathbias_state_to_string(path_state_t state)
 {
   switch (state) {
     case PATH_STATE_NEW_CIRC:
       return "new";
-    case PATH_STATE_DID_FIRST_HOP:
-      return "first hop";
-    case PATH_STATE_SUCCEEDED:
-      return "succeeded";
+    case PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED:
+      return "build attempted";
+    case PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED:
+      return "build succeeded";
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED:
+      return "use attempted";
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED:
+      return "use succeeded";
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED:
+      return "use failed";
+    case PATH_STATE_ALREADY_COUNTED:
+      return "already counted";
   }
 
   return "unknown";
 }
 
 /**
- * Check our circuit state to see if this is a successful first hop.
- * If so, record it in the current guard's path bias first_hop count.
+ * This function decides if a circuit has progressed far enough to count
+ * as a circuit "attempt". As long as end-to-end tagging is possible,
+ * we assume the adversary will use it over hop-to-hop failure. Therefore,
+ * we only need to account bias for the last hop. This should make us
+ * much more resilient to ambient circuit failure, and also make that
+ * failure easier to measure (we only need to measure Exit failure rates).
+ */
+static int
+pathbias_is_new_circ_attempt(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+#define N2N_TAGGING_IS_POSSIBLE
+#ifdef N2N_TAGGING_IS_POSSIBLE
+  /* cpath is a circular list. We want circs with more than one hop,
+   * and the second hop must be waiting for keys still (it's just
+   * about to get them). */
+  return circ->cpath &&
+         circ->cpath->next != circ->cpath &&
+         circ->cpath->next->state == CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS;
+#else
+  /* If tagging attacks are no longer possible, we probably want to
+   * count bias from the first hop. However, one could argue that
+   * timing-based tagging is still more useful than per-hop failure.
+   * In which case, we'd never want to use this.
+   */
+  return circ->cpath &&
+         circ->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decide if the path bias code should count a circuit.
  *
- * Also check for several potential error cases for bug #6475.
+ * @returns 1 if we should count it, 0 otherwise.
  */
 static int
-pathbias_count_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+pathbias_should_count(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-#define FIRST_HOP_NOTICE_INTERVAL (600)
-  static ratelim_t first_hop_notice_limit =
-    RATELIM_INIT(FIRST_HOP_NOTICE_INTERVAL);
+#define PATHBIAS_COUNT_INTERVAL (600)
+  static ratelim_t count_limit =
+    RATELIM_INIT(PATHBIAS_COUNT_INTERVAL);
   char *rate_msg = NULL;
 
+  /* We can't do path bias accounting without entry guards.
+   * Testing and controller circuits also have no guards.
+   *
+   * We also don't count server-side rends, because their
+   * endpoint could be chosen maliciously.
+   * Similarly, we can't count client-side intro attempts,
+   * because clients can be manipulated into connecting to
+   * malicious intro points. */
+  if (get_options()->UseEntryGuards == 0 ||
+          circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING ||
+          circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER ||
+          circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND ||
+          circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED ||
+          (circ->base_.purpose >= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING &&
+           circ->base_.purpose <= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACKED)) {
+
+    /* Check to see if the shouldcount result has changed due to a
+     * unexpected purpose change that would affect our results.
+     *
+     * The reason we check the path state too here is because for the
+     * cannibalized versions of these purposes, we count them as successful
+     * before their purpose change.
+     */
+    if (circ->pathbias_shouldcount == PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_COUNTED
+            && circ->path_state != PATH_STATE_ALREADY_COUNTED) {
+      log_info(LD_BUG,
+               "Circuit %d is now being ignored despite being counted "
+               "in the past. Purpose is %s, path state is %s",
+               circ->global_identifier,
+               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+               pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state));
+    }
+    circ->pathbias_shouldcount = PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_IGNORED;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   /* Completely ignore one hop circuits */
   if (circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel ||
       circ->build_state->desired_path_len == 1) {
     /* Check for inconsistency */
     if (circ->build_state->desired_path_len != 1 ||
         !circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel) {
-      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&first_hop_notice_limit,
-              approx_time()))) {
+      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&count_limit, approx_time()))) {
         log_info(LD_BUG,
                "One-hop circuit has length %d. Path state is %s. "
                "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
                circ->build_state->desired_path_len,
                pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-               circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+               circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
                rate_msg);
         tor_free(rate_msg);
       }
       tor_fragile_assert();
     }
+
+    /* Check to see if the shouldcount result has changed due to a
+     * unexpected change that would affect our results */
+    if (circ->pathbias_shouldcount == PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_COUNTED) {
+      log_info(LD_BUG,
+               "One-hop circuit %d is now being ignored despite being counted "
+               "in the past. Purpose is %s, path state is %s",
+               circ->global_identifier,
+               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+               pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state));
+    }
+    circ->pathbias_shouldcount = PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_IGNORED;
     return 0;
   }
 
-  if (circ->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS) {
+  /* Check to see if the shouldcount result has changed due to a
+   * unexpected purpose change that would affect our results */
+  if (circ->pathbias_shouldcount == PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_IGNORED) {
+      log_info(LD_BUG,
+              "Circuit %d is now being counted despite being ignored "
+              "in the past. Purpose is %s, path state is %s",
+              circ->global_identifier,
+              circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+              pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state));
+  }
+  circ->pathbias_shouldcount = PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_COUNTED;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check our circuit state to see if this is a successful circuit attempt.
+ * If so, record it in the current guard's path bias circ_attempt count.
+ *
+ * Also check for several potential error cases for bug #6475.
+ */
+static int
+pathbias_count_build_attempt(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+#define CIRC_ATTEMPT_NOTICE_INTERVAL (600)
+  static ratelim_t circ_attempt_notice_limit =
+    RATELIM_INIT(CIRC_ATTEMPT_NOTICE_INTERVAL);
+  char *rate_msg = NULL;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (pathbias_is_new_circ_attempt(circ)) {
     /* Help track down the real cause of bug #6475: */
-    if (circ->has_opened && circ->path_state != PATH_STATE_DID_FIRST_HOP) {
-      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&first_hop_notice_limit,
+    if (circ->has_opened && circ->path_state != PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED) {
+      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&circ_attempt_notice_limit,
                                      approx_time()))) {
         log_info(LD_BUG,
                 "Opened circuit is in strange path state %s. "
                 "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
                 pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-                circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-                circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+                circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+                circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
                 rate_msg);
         tor_free(rate_msg);
       }
     }
 
-    /* Don't count cannibalized circs for path bias */
+    /* Don't re-count cannibalized circs.. */
     if (!circ->has_opened) {
-      entry_guard_t *guard;
+      entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
+
+      if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+        guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+                  circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+      } else if (circ->base_.n_chan) {
+        guard =
+          entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(circ->base_.n_chan->identity_digest);
+      }
 
-      guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
-              circ->_base.n_conn->identity_digest);
       if (guard) {
         if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_NEW_CIRC) {
-          circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_DID_FIRST_HOP;
+          circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED;
 
-          if (entry_guard_inc_first_hop_count(guard) < 0) {
+          if (entry_guard_inc_circ_attempt_count(guard) < 0) {
             /* Bogus guard; we already warned. */
             return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
           }
         } else {
-          if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&first_hop_notice_limit,
+          if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&circ_attempt_notice_limit,
                   approx_time()))) {
             log_info(LD_BUG,
                    "Unopened circuit has strange path state %s. "
                    "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
                    pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-                   circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-                   circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+                   circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+                   circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
                    rate_msg);
             tor_free(rate_msg);
           }
         }
       } else {
-        if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&first_hop_notice_limit,
+        if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&circ_attempt_notice_limit,
                 approx_time()))) {
-          log_info(LD_BUG,
+          log_info(LD_CIRC,
               "Unopened circuit has no known guard. "
               "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
-              circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-              circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+              circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+              circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
               rate_msg);
           tor_free(rate_msg);
         }
       }
     }
-  } else {
-    /* Help track down the real cause of bug #6475: */
-    if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_NEW_CIRC) {
-      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&first_hop_notice_limit,
-                approx_time()))) {
-        log_info(LD_BUG,
-            "A %s circuit is in cpath state %d (opened: %d). "
-            "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
-            pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-            circ->cpath->state, circ->has_opened,
-            circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-            circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
-            rate_msg);
-        tor_free(rate_msg);
-      }
-    }
   }
 
   return 0;
@@ -2753,48 +1576,34 @@ pathbias_count_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ)
  * Also check for several potential error cases for bug #6475.
  */
 static void
-pathbias_count_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+pathbias_count_build_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
 #define SUCCESS_NOTICE_INTERVAL (600)
   static ratelim_t success_notice_limit =
     RATELIM_INIT(SUCCESS_NOTICE_INTERVAL);
   char *rate_msg = NULL;
+  entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
 
-  /* Ignore one hop circuits */
-  if (circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel ||
-      circ->build_state->desired_path_len == 1) {
-    /* Check for consistency */
-    if (circ->build_state->desired_path_len != 1 ||
-        !circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel) {
-      if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&success_notice_limit,
-              approx_time()))) {
-        log_info(LD_BUG,
-               "One-hop circuit has length %d. Path state is %s. "
-               "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
-               circ->build_state->desired_path_len,
-               pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-               circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
-               rate_msg);
-        tor_free(rate_msg);
-      }
-      tor_fragile_assert();
-    }
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
     return;
   }
 
-  /* Don't count cannibalized/reused circs for path bias */
+  /* Don't count cannibalized/reused circs for path bias
+   * "build" success, since they get counted under "use" success. */
   if (!circ->has_opened) {
-    entry_guard_t *guard =
-      entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(circ->_base.n_conn->identity_digest);
+    if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+      guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+                circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+    }
 
     if (guard) {
-      if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_DID_FIRST_HOP) {
-        circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_SUCCEEDED;
-        guard->circuit_successes++;
+      if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED) {
+        circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED;
+        guard->circ_successes++;
+        entry_guards_changed();
 
-        log_info(LD_PROTOCOL, "Got success count %u/%u for guard %s=%s",
-                 guard->circuit_successes, guard->first_hops,
+        log_info(LD_CIRC, "Got success count %f/%f for guard %s ($%s)",
+                 guard->circ_successes, guard->circ_attempts,
                  guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
       } else {
         if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&success_notice_limit,
@@ -2803,41 +1612,44 @@ pathbias_count_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
               "Succeeded circuit is in strange path state %s. "
               "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
               pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-              circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-              circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+              circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+              circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
               rate_msg);
           tor_free(rate_msg);
         }
       }
 
-      if (guard->first_hops < guard->circuit_successes) {
-        log_info(LD_BUG, "Unexpectedly high circuit_successes (%u/%u) "
-                 "for guard %s=%s",
-                 guard->circuit_successes, guard->first_hops,
+      if (guard->circ_attempts < guard->circ_successes) {
+        log_notice(LD_BUG, "Unexpectedly high successes counts (%f/%f) "
+                 "for guard %s ($%s)",
+                 guard->circ_successes, guard->circ_attempts,
                  guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
       }
-    } else {
+    /* In rare cases, CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING can get converted to
+     * CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT and have no guards here.
+     * No need to log that case. */
+    } else if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
       if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&success_notice_limit,
               approx_time()))) {
-        log_info(LD_BUG,
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,
             "Completed circuit has no known guard. "
             "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
-            circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-            circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+            circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+            circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
             rate_msg);
         tor_free(rate_msg);
       }
     }
   } else {
-    if (circ->path_state != PATH_STATE_SUCCEEDED) {
+    if (circ->path_state < PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED) {
       if ((rate_msg = rate_limit_log(&success_notice_limit,
               approx_time()))) {
         log_info(LD_BUG,
             "Opened circuit is in strange path state %s. "
             "Circuit is a %s currently %s.%s",
             pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
-            circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->_base.purpose),
-            circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state),
+            circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+            circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state),
             rate_msg);
         tor_free(rate_msg);
       }
@@ -2845,61 +1657,1012 @@ pathbias_count_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   }
 }
 
-/** Increment the number of times we successfully extended a circuit to
- * 'guard', first checking if the failure rate is high enough that we should
- * eliminate the guard.  Return -1 if the guard looks no good; return 0 if the
- * guard looks fine. */
+/**
+ * Record an attempt to use a circuit. Changes the circuit's
+ * path state and update its guard's usage counter.
+ *
+ * Used for path bias usage accounting.
+ */
+void
+pathbias_count_use_attempt(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->path_state < PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED) {
+    log_notice(LD_BUG,
+        "Used circuit is in strange path state %s. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s.",
+        pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  } else if (circ->path_state < PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED) {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+                circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+    if (guard) {
+      pathbias_measure_use_rate(guard);
+      pathbias_scale_use_rates(guard);
+      guard->use_attempts++;
+      entry_guards_changed();
+
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+               "Marked circuit %d (%f/%f) as used for guard %s ($%s).",
+               circ->global_identifier,
+               guard->use_successes, guard->use_attempts,
+               guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+    }
+
+    circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED;
+  } else {
+    /* Harmless but educational log message */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+        "Used circuit %d is already in path state %s. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s.",
+        circ->global_identifier,
+        pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the circuit's path state is appropriate and mark it as
+ * successfully used. Used for path bias usage accounting.
+ *
+ * We don't actually increment the guard's counters until
+ * pathbias_check_close(), because the circuit can still transition
+ * back to PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED if a stream fails later (this
+ * is done so we can probe the circuit for liveness at close).
+ */
+void
+pathbias_mark_use_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->path_state < PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED) {
+    log_notice(LD_BUG,
+        "Used circuit %d is in strange path state %s. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s.",
+        circ->global_identifier,
+        pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+
+    pathbias_count_use_attempt(circ);
+  }
+
+  /* We don't do any accounting at the guard until actual circuit close */
+  circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED;
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * If a stream ever detatches from a circuit in a retriable way,
+ * we need to mark this circuit as still needing either another
+ * successful stream, or in need of a probe.
+ *
+ * An adversary could let the first stream request succeed (ie the
+ * resolve), but then tag and timeout the remainder (via cell
+ * dropping), forcing them on new circuits.
+ *
+ * Rolling back the state will cause us to probe such circuits, which
+ * should lead to probe failures in the event of such tagging due to
+ * either unrecognized cells coming in while we wait for the probe,
+ * or the cipher state getting out of sync in the case of dropped cells.
+ */
+void
+pathbias_mark_use_rollback(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Rolling back pathbias use state to 'attempted' for detached "
+             "circuit %d", circ->global_identifier);
+    circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Actually count a circuit success towards a guard's usage counters
+ * if the path state is appropriate.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_count_use_success(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->path_state != PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED) {
+    log_notice(LD_BUG,
+        "Successfully used circuit %d is in strange path state %s. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s.",
+        circ->global_identifier,
+        pathbias_state_to_string(circ->path_state),
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  } else {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+                circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+    if (guard) {
+      guard->use_successes++;
+      entry_guards_changed();
+
+      if (guard->use_attempts < guard->use_successes) {
+        log_notice(LD_BUG, "Unexpectedly high use successes counts (%f/%f) "
+                 "for guard %s=%s",
+                 guard->use_successes, guard->use_attempts,
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+      }
+
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+                "Marked circuit %d (%f/%f) as used successfully for guard "
+                "%s ($%s).",
+                circ->global_identifier, guard->use_successes,
+                guard->use_attempts, guard->nickname,
+                hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send a probe down a circuit that the client attempted to use,
+ * but for which the stream timed out/failed. The probe is a
+ * RELAY_BEGIN cell with a 0.a.b.c destination address, which
+ * the exit will reject and reply back, echoing that address.
+ *
+ * The reason for such probes is because it is possible to bias
+ * a user's paths simply by causing timeouts, and these timeouts
+ * are not possible to differentiate from unresponsive servers.
+ *
+ * The probe is sent at the end of the circuit lifetime for two
+ * reasons: to prevent cryptographic taggers from being able to
+ * drop cells to cause timeouts, and to prevent easy recognition
+ * of probes before any real client traffic happens.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 if we couldn't probe, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int
+pathbias_send_usable_probe(circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  /* Based on connection_ap_handshake_send_begin() */
+  char payload[CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  int payload_len;
+  origin_circuit_t *ocirc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
+  crypt_path_t *cpath_layer = NULL;
+  char *probe_nonce = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(ocirc);
+
+  cpath_layer = ocirc->cpath->prev;
+
+  if (cpath_layer->state != CPATH_STATE_OPEN) {
+    /* This can happen for cannibalized circuits. Their
+     * last hop isn't yet open */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Got pathbias probe request for unopened circuit %d. "
+             "Opened %d, len %d", ocirc->global_identifier,
+             ocirc->has_opened, ocirc->build_state->desired_path_len);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* We already went down this road. */
+  if (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING &&
+      ocirc->pathbias_probe_id) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Got pathbias probe request for circuit %d with "
+             "outstanding probe", ocirc->global_identifier);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* Can't probe if the channel isn't open */
+  if (circ->n_chan == NULL ||
+      (circ->n_chan->state != CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+       && circ->n_chan->state != CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT)) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Skipping pathbias probe for circuit %d: Channel is not open.",
+             ocirc->global_identifier);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  circuit_change_purpose(circ, CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING);
+
+  /* Update timestamp for when circuit_expire_building() should kill us */
+  tor_gettimeofday(&circ->timestamp_began);
+
+  /* Generate a random address for the nonce */
+  crypto_rand((char*)&ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce,
+              sizeof(ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce));
+  ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce &= 0x00ffffff;
+  probe_nonce = tor_dup_ip(ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce);
+
+  tor_snprintf(payload,RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE, "%s:25", probe_nonce);
+  payload_len = (int)strlen(payload)+1;
+
+  // XXX: need this? Can we assume ipv4 will always be supported?
+  // If not, how do we tell?
+  //if (payload_len <= RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 4 && edge_conn->begincell_flags) {
+  //  set_uint32(payload + payload_len, htonl(edge_conn->begincell_flags));
+  //  payload_len += 4;
+  //}
+
+  /* Generate+Store stream id, make sure it's non-zero */
+  ocirc->pathbias_probe_id = get_unique_stream_id_by_circ(ocirc);
+
+  if (ocirc->pathbias_probe_id==0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+             "Ran out of stream IDs on circuit %u during "
+             "pathbias probe attempt.", ocirc->global_identifier);
+    tor_free(probe_nonce);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+           "Sending pathbias testing cell to %s:25 on stream %d for circ %d.",
+           probe_nonce, ocirc->pathbias_probe_id, ocirc->global_identifier);
+  tor_free(probe_nonce);
+
+  /* Send a test relay cell */
+  if (relay_send_command_from_edge(ocirc->pathbias_probe_id, circ,
+                               RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, payload,
+                               payload_len, cpath_layer) < 0) {
+    log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+               "Failed to send pathbias probe cell on circuit %d.",
+               ocirc->global_identifier);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* Mark it freshly dirty so it doesn't get expired in the meantime */
+  circ->timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the response to a pathbias probe, to ensure the
+ * cell is recognized and the nonce and other probe
+ * characteristics are as expected.
+ *
+ * If the response is valid, return 0. Otherwise return < 0.
+ */
+int
+pathbias_check_probe_response(circuit_t *circ, const cell_t *cell)
+{
+  /* Based on connection_edge_process_relay_cell() */
+  relay_header_t rh;
+  int reason;
+  uint32_t ipv4_host;
+  origin_circuit_t *ocirc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(ocirc);
+  tor_assert(circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING);
+
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell->payload);
+
+  reason = rh.length > 0 ?
+        get_uint8(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE) : END_STREAM_REASON_MISC;
+
+  if (rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_END &&
+      reason == END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY &&
+      ocirc->pathbias_probe_id == rh.stream_id) {
+
+    /* Check length+extract host: It is in network order after the reason code.
+     * See connection_edge_end(). */
+    if (rh.length < 9) { /* reason+ipv4+dns_ttl */
+      log_notice(LD_PROTOCOL,
+             "Short path bias probe response length field (%d).", rh.length);
+      return - END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    }
+
+    ipv4_host = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+1));
+
+    /* Check nonce */
+    if (ipv4_host == ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce) {
+      pathbias_mark_use_success(ocirc);
+      circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Got valid path bias probe back for circ %d, stream %d.",
+               ocirc->global_identifier, ocirc->pathbias_probe_id);
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+               "Got strange probe value 0x%x vs 0x%x back for circ %d, "
+               "stream %d.", ipv4_host, ocirc->pathbias_probe_nonce,
+               ocirc->global_identifier, ocirc->pathbias_probe_id);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Got another cell back back on pathbias probe circuit %d: "
+             "Command: %d, Reason: %d, Stream-id: %d",
+             ocirc->global_identifier, rh.command, reason, rh.stream_id);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a circuit was used and/or closed successfully.
+ *
+ * If we attempted to use the circuit to carry a stream but failed
+ * for whatever reason, or if the circuit mysteriously died before
+ * we could attach any streams, record these two cases.
+ *
+ * If we *have* successfully used the circuit, or it appears to
+ * have been closed by us locally, count it as a success.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if we're done making decisions with the circ,
+ * or -1 if we want to probe it first.
+ */
+int
+pathbias_check_close(origin_circuit_t *ocirc, int reason)
+{
+  circuit_t *circ = &ocirc->base_;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(ocirc)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  switch (ocirc->path_state) {
+    /* If the circuit was closed after building, but before use, we need
+     * to ensure we were the ones who tried to close it (and not a remote
+     * actor). */
+    case PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED:
+      if (reason & END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE) {
+        /* Remote circ close reasons on an unused circuit all could be bias */
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,
+            "Circuit %d remote-closed without successful use for reason %d. "
+            "Circuit purpose %d currently %d,%s. Len %d.",
+            ocirc->global_identifier,
+            reason, circ->purpose, ocirc->has_opened,
+            circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+            ocirc->build_state->desired_path_len);
+        pathbias_count_collapse(ocirc);
+      } else if ((reason & ~END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE)
+                  == END_CIRC_REASON_CHANNEL_CLOSED &&
+                 circ->n_chan &&
+                 circ->n_chan->reason_for_closing
+                  != CHANNEL_CLOSE_REQUESTED) {
+        /* If we didn't close the channel ourselves, it could be bias */
+        /* XXX: Only count bias if the network is live?
+         * What about clock jumps/suspends? */
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,
+            "Circuit %d's channel closed without successful use for reason "
+            "%d, channel reason %d. Circuit purpose %d currently %d,%s. Len "
+            "%d.", ocirc->global_identifier,
+            reason, circ->n_chan->reason_for_closing,
+            circ->purpose, ocirc->has_opened,
+            circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+            ocirc->build_state->desired_path_len);
+        pathbias_count_collapse(ocirc);
+      } else {
+        pathbias_count_successful_close(ocirc);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    /* If we tried to use a circuit but failed, we should probe it to ensure
+     * it has not been tampered with. */
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED:
+      /* XXX: Only probe and/or count failure if the network is live?
+       * What about clock jumps/suspends? */
+      if (pathbias_send_usable_probe(circ) == 0)
+        return -1;
+      else
+        pathbias_count_use_failed(ocirc);
+
+      /* Any circuit where there were attempted streams but no successful
+       * streams could be bias */
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+            "Circuit %d closed without successful use for reason %d. "
+            "Circuit purpose %d currently %d,%s. Len %d.",
+            ocirc->global_identifier,
+            reason, circ->purpose, ocirc->has_opened,
+            circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+            ocirc->build_state->desired_path_len);
+      break;
+
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED:
+      pathbias_count_successful_close(ocirc);
+      pathbias_count_use_success(ocirc);
+      break;
+
+    case PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED:
+      pathbias_count_use_failed(ocirc);
+      break;
+
+    case PATH_STATE_NEW_CIRC:
+    case PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED:
+    case PATH_STATE_ALREADY_COUNTED:
+    default:
+      // Other states are uninteresting. No stats to count.
+      break;
+  }
+
+  ocirc->path_state = PATH_STATE_ALREADY_COUNTED;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count a successfully closed circuit.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_count_successful_close(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+              circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+  }
+
+  if (guard) {
+    /* In the long run: circuit_success ~= successful_circuit_close +
+     *                                     circ_failure + stream_failure */
+    guard->successful_circuits_closed++;
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  } else if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
+   /* In rare cases, CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING can get converted to
+    * CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT and have no guards here.
+    * No need to log that case. */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+        "Successfully closed circuit has no known guard. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s",
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count a circuit that fails after it is built, but before it can
+ * carry any traffic.
+ *
+ * This is needed because there are ways to destroy a
+ * circuit after it has successfully completed. Right now, this is
+ * used for purely informational/debugging purposes.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_count_collapse(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+              circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+  }
+
+  if (guard) {
+    guard->collapsed_circuits++;
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  } else if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
+   /* In rare cases, CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING can get converted to
+    * CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT and have no guards here.
+    * No need to log that case. */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+        "Destroyed circuit has no known guard. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s",
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count a known failed circuit (because we could not probe it).
+ *
+ * This counter is informational.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_count_use_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+              circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+  }
+
+  if (guard) {
+    guard->unusable_circuits++;
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  } else if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT) {
+   /* In rare cases, CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING can get converted to
+    * CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT and have no guards here.
+    * No need to log that case. */
+    /* XXX note cut-and-paste code in this function compared to nearby
+     * functions. Would be nice to refactor. -RD */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+        "Stream-failing circuit has no known guard. "
+        "Circuit is a %s currently %s",
+        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->base_.purpose),
+        circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count timeouts for path bias log messages.
+ *
+ * These counts are purely informational.
+ */
+void
+pathbias_count_timeout(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *guard = NULL;
+
+  if (!pathbias_should_count(circ)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* For hidden service circs, they can actually be used
+   * successfully and then time out later (because
+   * the other side declines to use them). */
+  if (circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (circ->cpath && circ->cpath->extend_info) {
+    guard = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(
+              circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest);
+  }
+
+  if (guard) {
+    guard->timeouts++;
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to count all of the currently opened circuits
+ * for a guard that are in a given path state range. The state
+ * range is inclusive on both ends.
+ */
 static int
-entry_guard_inc_first_hop_count(entry_guard_t *guard)
+pathbias_count_circs_in_states(entry_guard_t *guard,
+                              path_state_t from,
+                              path_state_t to)
+{
+  circuit_t *circ;
+  int open_circuits = 0;
+
+  /* Count currently open circuits. Give them the benefit of the doubt. */
+  for (circ = global_circuitlist; circ; circ = circ->next) {
+    origin_circuit_t *ocirc = NULL;
+    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) || /* didn't originate here */
+        circ->marked_for_close) /* already counted */
+      continue;
+
+    ocirc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
+
+    if (!ocirc->cpath || !ocirc->cpath->extend_info)
+      continue;
+
+    if (ocirc->path_state >= from &&
+        ocirc->path_state <= to &&
+        pathbias_should_count(ocirc) &&
+        fast_memeq(guard->identity,
+                   ocirc->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest,
+                   DIGEST_LEN)) {
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Found opened circuit %d in path_state %s",
+                ocirc->global_identifier,
+                pathbias_state_to_string(ocirc->path_state));
+      open_circuits++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return open_circuits;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of circuits counted as successfully closed for
+ * this guard.
+ *
+ * Also add in the currently open circuits to give them the benefit
+ * of the doubt.
+ */
+double
+pathbias_get_close_success_count(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  return guard->successful_circuits_closed +
+         pathbias_count_circs_in_states(guard,
+                       PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED,
+                       PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of circuits counted as successfully used
+ * this guard.
+ *
+ * Also add in the currently open circuits that we are attempting
+ * to use to give them the benefit of the doubt.
+ */
+double
+pathbias_get_use_success_count(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  return guard->use_successes +
+         pathbias_count_circs_in_states(guard,
+                       PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED,
+                       PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the path bias use rate against our consensus parameter limits.
+ *
+ * Emits a log message if the use success rates are too low.
+ *
+ * If pathbias_get_dropguards() is set, we also disable the use of
+ * very failure prone guards.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_measure_use_rate(entry_guard_t *guard)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
-  entry_guards_changed();
+  if (guard->use_attempts > pathbias_get_min_use(options)) {
+    /* Note: We rely on the < comparison here to allow us to set a 0
+     * rate and disable the feature entirely. If refactoring, don't
+     * change to <= */
+    if (pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)/guard->use_attempts
+        < pathbias_get_extreme_use_rate(options)) {
+      /* Dropping is currently disabled by default. */
+      if (pathbias_get_dropguards(options)) {
+        if (!guard->path_bias_disabled) {
+          log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing to carry an extremely large "
+                 "amount of stream on its circuits. "
+                 "To avoid potential route manipulation attacks, Tor has "
+                 "disabled use of this guard. "
+                 "Use counts are %ld/%ld. Success counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+          guard->path_bias_disabled = 1;
+          guard->bad_since = approx_time();
+          entry_guards_changed();
+          return;
+        }
+      } else if (!guard->path_bias_use_extreme) {
+        guard->path_bias_use_extreme = 1;
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing to carry an extremely large "
+                 "amount of streams on its circuits. "
+                 "This could indicate a route manipulation attack, network "
+                 "overload, bad local network connectivity, or a bug. "
+                 "Use counts are %ld/%ld. Success counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+      }
+    } else if (pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)/guard->use_attempts
+               < pathbias_get_notice_use_rate(options)) {
+      if (!guard->path_bias_use_noticed) {
+        guard->path_bias_use_noticed = 1;
+        log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing to carry more streams on its "
+                 "circuits than usual. "
+                 "Most likely this means the Tor network is overloaded "
+                 "or your network connection is poor. "
+                 "Use counts are %ld/%ld. Success counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the path bias circuit close status rates against our consensus
+ * parameter limits.
+ *
+ * Emits a log message if the use success rates are too low.
+ *
+ * If pathbias_get_dropguards() is set, we also disable the use of
+ * very failure prone guards.
+ *
+ * XXX: This function shares similar log messages and checks to
+ * pathbias_measure_use_rate(). It may be possible to combine them
+ * eventually, especially if we can ever remove the need for 3
+ * levels of closure warns (if the overall circuit failure rate
+ * goes down with ntor). One way to do so would be to multiply
+ * the build rate with the use rate to get an idea of the total
+ * fraction of the total network paths the user is able to use.
+ * See ticket #8159.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_measure_close_rate(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
-  if (guard->first_hops > (unsigned)pathbias_get_min_circs(options)) {
+  if (guard->circ_attempts > pathbias_get_min_circs(options)) {
     /* Note: We rely on the < comparison here to allow us to set a 0
      * rate and disable the feature entirely. If refactoring, don't
      * change to <= */
-    if (guard->circuit_successes/((double)guard->first_hops)
-        < pathbias_get_disable_rate(options)) {
+    if (pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)/guard->circ_attempts
+        < pathbias_get_extreme_rate(options)) {
+      /* Dropping is currently disabled by default. */
+      if (pathbias_get_dropguards(options)) {
+        if (!guard->path_bias_disabled) {
+          log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing an extremely large "
+                 "amount of circuits. "
+                 "To avoid potential route manipulation attacks, Tor has "
+                 "disabled use of this guard. "
+                 "Success counts are %ld/%ld. Use counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+          guard->path_bias_disabled = 1;
+          guard->bad_since = approx_time();
+          entry_guards_changed();
+          return;
+        }
+      } else if (!guard->path_bias_extreme) {
+        guard->path_bias_extreme = 1;
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing an extremely large "
+                 "amount of circuits. "
+                 "This could indicate a route manipulation attack, "
+                 "extreme network overload, or a bug. "
+                 "Success counts are %ld/%ld. Use counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+      }
+    } else if (pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)/guard->circ_attempts
+                < pathbias_get_warn_rate(options)) {
+      if (!guard->path_bias_warned) {
+        guard->path_bias_warned = 1;
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing a very large "
+                 "amount of circuits. "
+                 "Most likely this means the Tor network is "
+                 "overloaded, but it could also mean an attack against "
+                 "you or potentially the guard itself. "
+                 "Success counts are %ld/%ld. Use counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+      }
+    } else if (pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)/guard->circ_attempts
+               < pathbias_get_notice_rate(options)) {
+      if (!guard->path_bias_noticed) {
+        guard->path_bias_noticed = 1;
+        log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Your Guard %s ($%s) is failing more circuits than "
+                 "usual. "
+                 "Most likely this means the Tor network is overloaded. "
+                 "Success counts are %ld/%ld. Use counts are %ld/%ld. "
+                 "%ld circuits completed, %ld were unusable, %ld collapsed, "
+                 "and %ld timed out. "
+                 "For reference, your timeout cutoff is %ld seconds.",
+                 guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_close_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(pathbias_get_use_success_count(guard)),
+                 tor_lround(guard->use_attempts),
+                 tor_lround(guard->circ_successes),
+                 tor_lround(guard->unusable_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->collapsed_circuits),
+                 tor_lround(guard->timeouts),
+                 tor_lround(circ_times.close_ms/1000));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
 
-      log_info(LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Extremely low circuit success rate %u/%u for guard %s=%s. "
-               "This might indicate an attack, or a bug.",
-               guard->circuit_successes, guard->first_hops, guard->nickname,
-               hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+/**
+ * This function scales the path bias use rates if we have
+ * more data than the scaling threshold. This allows us to
+ * be more sensitive to recent measurements.
+ *
+ * XXX: The attempt count transfer stuff here might be done
+ * better by keeping separate pending counters that get
+ * transfered at circuit close. See ticket #8160.
+ */
+static void
+pathbias_scale_close_rates(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
-      guard->path_bias_disabled = 1;
-      guard->bad_since = approx_time();
-      return -1;
-    } else if (guard->circuit_successes/((double)guard->first_hops)
-               < pathbias_get_notice_rate(options)
-               && !guard->path_bias_notice) {
-      guard->path_bias_notice = 1;
-      log_info(LD_PROTOCOL,
-                 "Low circuit success rate %u/%u for guard %s=%s.",
-                 guard->circuit_successes, guard->first_hops, guard->nickname,
-                 hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+  /* If we get a ton of circuits, just scale everything down */
+  if (guard->circ_attempts > pathbias_get_scale_threshold(options)) {
+    double scale_ratio = pathbias_get_scale_ratio(options);
+    int opened_attempts = pathbias_count_circs_in_states(guard,
+            PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED, PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED);
+    int opened_built = pathbias_count_circs_in_states(guard,
+                        PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED,
+                        PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED);
+    /* Verify that the counts are sane before and after scaling */
+    int counts_are_sane = (guard->circ_attempts >= guard->circ_successes);
+
+    guard->circ_attempts -= (opened_attempts+opened_built);
+    guard->circ_successes -= opened_built;
+
+    guard->circ_attempts *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->circ_successes *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->timeouts *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->successful_circuits_closed *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->collapsed_circuits *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->unusable_circuits *= scale_ratio;
+
+    guard->circ_attempts += (opened_attempts+opened_built);
+    guard->circ_successes += opened_built;
+
+    entry_guards_changed();
+
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Scaled pathbias counts to (%f,%f)/%f (%d/%d open) for guard "
+             "%s ($%s)",
+             guard->circ_successes, guard->successful_circuits_closed,
+             guard->circ_attempts, opened_built, opened_attempts,
+             guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+
+    /* Have the counts just become invalid by this scaling attempt? */
+    if (counts_are_sane && guard->circ_attempts < guard->circ_successes) {
+      log_notice(LD_BUG,
+               "Scaling has mangled pathbias counts to %f/%f (%d/%d open) "
+               "for guard %s ($%s)",
+               guard->circ_successes, guard->circ_attempts, opened_built,
+               opened_attempts, guard->nickname,
+               hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
     }
   }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function scales the path bias circuit close rates if we have
+ * more data than the scaling threshold. This allows us to be more
+ * sensitive to recent measurements.
+ *
+ * XXX: The attempt count transfer stuff here might be done
+ * better by keeping separate pending counters that get
+ * transfered at circuit close. See ticket #8160.
+ */
+void
+pathbias_scale_use_rates(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
   /* If we get a ton of circuits, just scale everything down */
-  if (guard->first_hops > (unsigned)pathbias_get_scale_threshold(options)) {
-    const int scale_factor = pathbias_get_scale_factor(options);
-    guard->first_hops /= scale_factor;
-    guard->circuit_successes /= scale_factor;
+  if (guard->use_attempts > pathbias_get_scale_use_threshold(options)) {
+    double scale_ratio = pathbias_get_scale_ratio(options);
+    int opened_attempts = pathbias_count_circs_in_states(guard,
+            PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED, PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED);
+    /* Verify that the counts are sane before and after scaling */
+    int counts_are_sane = (guard->use_attempts >= guard->use_successes);
+
+    guard->use_attempts -= opened_attempts;
+
+    guard->use_attempts *= scale_ratio;
+    guard->use_successes *= scale_ratio;
+
+    guard->use_attempts += opened_attempts;
+
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+           "Scaled pathbias use counts to %f/%f (%d open) for guard %s ($%s)",
+           guard->use_successes, guard->use_attempts, opened_attempts,
+           guard->nickname, hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+
+    /* Have the counts just become invalid by this scaling attempt? */
+    if (counts_are_sane && guard->use_attempts < guard->use_successes) {
+      log_notice(LD_BUG,
+               "Scaling has mangled pathbias usage counts to %f/%f "
+               "(%d open) for guard %s ($%s)",
+               guard->circ_successes, guard->circ_attempts,
+               opened_attempts, guard->nickname,
+               hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+    }
+
+    entry_guards_changed();
   }
-  guard->first_hops++;
-  log_info(LD_PROTOCOL, "Got success count %u/%u for guard %s=%s",
-           guard->circuit_successes, guard->first_hops, guard->nickname,
+}
+
+/** Increment the number of times we successfully extended a circuit to
+ * <b>guard</b>, first checking if the failure rate is high enough that
+ * we should eliminate the guard. Return -1 if the guard looks no good;
+ * return 0 if the guard looks fine.
+ */
+static int
+entry_guard_inc_circ_attempt_count(entry_guard_t *guard)
+{
+  entry_guards_changed();
+
+  pathbias_measure_close_rate(guard);
+
+  if (guard->path_bias_disabled)
+    return -1;
+
+  pathbias_scale_close_rates(guard);
+  guard->circ_attempts++;
+
+  log_info(LD_CIRC, "Got success count %f/%f for guard %s ($%s)",
+           guard->circ_successes, guard->circ_attempts, guard->nickname,
            hex_str(guard->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** A created or extended cell came back to us on the circuit, and it included
- * <b>reply</b> as its body.  (If <b>reply_type</b> is CELL_CREATED, the body
- * contains (the second DH key, plus KH).  If <b>reply_type</b> is
- * CELL_CREATED_FAST, the body contains a secret y and a hash H(x|y).)
+/** A "created" cell <b>reply</b> came back to us on circuit <b>circ</b>.
+ * (The body of <b>reply</b> varies depending on what sort of handshake
+ * this is.)
  *
  * Calculate the appropriate keys and digests, make sure KH is
  * correct, and initialize this hop of the cpath.
@@ -2907,14 +2670,14 @@ entry_guard_inc_first_hop_count(entry_guard_t *guard)
  * Return - reason if we want to mark circ for close, else return 0.
  */
 int
-circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t reply_type,
-                         const uint8_t *reply)
+circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ,
+                         const created_cell_t *reply)
 {
   char keys[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
   crypt_path_t *hop;
   int rv;
 
-  if ((rv = pathbias_count_first_hop(circ)) < 0)
+  if ((rv = pathbias_count_build_attempt(circ)) < 0)
     return rv;
 
   if (circ->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS) {
@@ -2928,39 +2691,25 @@ circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t reply_type,
   }
   tor_assert(hop->state == CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS);
 
-  if (reply_type == CELL_CREATED && hop->dh_handshake_state) {
-    if (onion_skin_client_handshake(hop->dh_handshake_state, (char*)reply,keys,
-                                    DIGEST_LEN*2+CIPHER_KEY_LEN*2) < 0) {
+  {
+    if (onion_skin_client_handshake(hop->handshake_state.tag,
+                                    &hop->handshake_state,
+                                    reply->reply, reply->handshake_len,
+                                    (uint8_t*)keys, sizeof(keys),
+                                    (uint8_t*)hop->rend_circ_nonce) < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_CIRC,"onion_skin_client_handshake failed.");
       return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
     }
-    /* Remember hash of g^xy */
-    memcpy(hop->handshake_digest, reply+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
-  } else if (reply_type == CELL_CREATED_FAST && !hop->dh_handshake_state) {
-    if (fast_client_handshake(hop->fast_handshake_state, reply,
-                              (uint8_t*)keys,
-                              DIGEST_LEN*2+CIPHER_KEY_LEN*2) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_CIRC,"fast_client_handshake failed.");
-      return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
-    }
-    memcpy(hop->handshake_digest, reply+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"CREATED cell type did not match CREATE cell type.");
-    return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
   }
 
-  crypto_dh_free(hop->dh_handshake_state); /* don't need it anymore */
-  hop->dh_handshake_state = NULL;
-
-  memset(hop->fast_handshake_state, 0, sizeof(hop->fast_handshake_state));
+  onion_handshake_state_release(&hop->handshake_state);
 
   if (circuit_init_cpath_crypto(hop, keys, 0)<0) {
     return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
   }
 
   hop->state = CPATH_STATE_OPEN;
-  log_info(LD_CIRC,"Finished building %scircuit hop:",
-           (reply_type == CELL_CREATED_FAST) ? "fast " : "");
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,"Finished building circuit hop:");
   circuit_log_path(LOG_INFO,LD_CIRC,circ);
   control_event_circuit_status(circ, CIRC_EVENT_EXTENDED, 0);
 
@@ -2969,12 +2718,12 @@ circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t reply_type,
 
 /** We received a relay truncated cell on circ.
  *
- * Since we don't ask for truncates currently, getting a truncated
+ * Since we don't send truncates currently, getting a truncated
  * means that a connection broke or an extend failed. For now,
- * just give up: for circ to close, and return 0.
+ * just give up: force circ to close, and return 0.
  */
 int
-circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer)
+circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer, int reason)
 {
 //  crypt_path_t *victim;
 //  connection_t *stream;
@@ -2982,12 +2731,12 @@ circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer)
   tor_assert(circ);
   tor_assert(layer);
 
-  /* XXX Since we don't ask for truncates currently, getting a truncated
+  /* XXX Since we don't send truncates currently, getting a truncated
    *     means that a connection broke or an extend failed. For now,
    *     just give up.
    */
   circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
-          END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE|END_CIRC_REASON_OR_CONN_CLOSED);
+          END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE|reason);
   return 0;
 
 #if 0
@@ -3020,24 +2769,26 @@ circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer)
  * cell back.
  */
 int
-onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type, const char *payload,
-                 const char *keys)
+onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ,
+                 const created_cell_t *created_cell,
+                 const char *keys,
+                 const uint8_t *rend_circ_nonce)
 {
   cell_t cell;
   crypt_path_t *tmp_cpath;
 
+  if (created_cell_format(&cell, created_cell) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,"couldn't format created cell (type=%d, len=%d)",
+             (int)created_cell->cell_type, (int)created_cell->handshake_len);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  cell.circ_id = circ->p_circ_id;
+
   tmp_cpath = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(crypt_path_t));
   tmp_cpath->magic = CRYPT_PATH_MAGIC;
 
-  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell_t));
-  cell.command = cell_type;
-  cell.circ_id = circ->p_circ_id;
-
   circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
 
-  memcpy(cell.payload, payload,
-         cell_type == CELL_CREATED ? ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN : DIGEST_LEN*2);
-
   log_debug(LD_CIRC,"init digest forward 0x%.8x, backward 0x%.8x.",
             (unsigned int)get_uint32(keys),
             (unsigned int)get_uint32(keys+20));
@@ -3053,20 +2804,17 @@ onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type, const char *payload,
   tmp_cpath->magic = 0;
   tor_free(tmp_cpath);
 
-  if (cell_type == CELL_CREATED)
-    memcpy(circ->handshake_digest, cell.payload+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
-  else
-    memcpy(circ->handshake_digest, cell.payload+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(circ->rend_circ_nonce, rend_circ_nonce, DIGEST_LEN);
 
-  circ->is_first_hop = (cell_type == CELL_CREATED_FAST);
+  circ->is_first_hop = (created_cell->cell_type == CELL_CREATED_FAST);
 
   append_cell_to_circuit_queue(TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
-                               circ->p_conn, &cell, CELL_DIRECTION_IN, 0);
+                               circ->p_chan, &cell, CELL_DIRECTION_IN, 0);
   log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Finished sending '%s' cell.",
             circ->is_first_hop ? "created_fast" : "created");
 
-  if (!is_local_addr(&circ->p_conn->_base.addr) &&
-      !connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(circ->p_conn)) {
+  if (!channel_is_local(circ->p_chan) &&
+      !channel_is_outgoing(circ->p_chan)) {
     /* record that we could process create cells from a non-local conn
      * that we didn't initiate; presumably this means that create cells
      * can reach us too. */
@@ -3076,15 +2824,18 @@ onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type, const char *payload,
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Choose a length for a circuit of purpose <b>purpose</b>.
- * Default length is 3 + the number of endpoints that would give something
- * away. If the routerlist <b>routers</b> doesn't have enough routers
+/** Choose a length for a circuit of purpose <b>purpose</b>: three + the
+ * number of endpoints that would give something away about our destination.
+ *
+ * If the routerlist <b>nodes</b> doesn't have enough routers
  * to handle the desired path length, return as large a path length as
  * is feasible, except if it's less than 2, in which case return -1.
+ * XXX ^^ I think this behavior is a hold-over from back when we had only a
+ *     few relays in the network, and certainly back before guards existed.
+ *     We should very likely get rid of it. -RD
  */
 static int
-new_route_len(uint8_t purpose, extend_info_t *exit,
-              smartlist_t *nodes)
+new_route_len(uint8_t purpose, extend_info_t *exit, smartlist_t *nodes)
 {
   int num_acceptable_routers;
   int routelen;
@@ -3149,7 +2900,7 @@ circuit_all_predicted_ports_handled(time_t now, int *need_uptime,
   enough = (smartlist_len(sl) == 0);
   for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(sl); ++i) {
     port = smartlist_get(sl, i);
-    if (smartlist_string_num_isin(LongLivedServices, *port))
+    if (smartlist_contains_int_as_string(LongLivedServices, *port))
       *need_uptime = 1;
     tor_free(port);
   }
@@ -3268,7 +3019,7 @@ choose_good_exit_server_general(int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
       n_supported[i] = -1;
       continue;
     }
-    if (routerset_contains_node(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion, node)) {
+    if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_, node)) {
       n_supported[i] = -1;
       continue; /* user asked us not to use it, no matter what */
     }
@@ -3285,7 +3036,7 @@ choose_good_exit_server_general(int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
                  * we'll retry later in this function with need_update and
                  * need_capacity set to 0. */
     }
-    if (!(node->is_valid || options->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_EXIT)) {
+    if (!(node->is_valid || options->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_EXIT)) {
       /* if it's invalid and we don't want it */
       n_supported[i] = -1;
 //      log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,"Skipping node %s (index %d) -- invalid router.",
@@ -3371,7 +3122,7 @@ choose_good_exit_server_general(int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
       }
       log_notice(LD_CIRC, "All routers are down or won't exit%s -- "
                  "choosing a doomed exit at random.",
-                 options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion ? " or are Excluded" : "");
+                 options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_ ? " or are Excluded" : "");
     }
     supporting = smartlist_new();
     needed_ports = circuit_get_unhandled_ports(time(NULL));
@@ -3410,7 +3161,7 @@ choose_good_exit_server_general(int need_uptime, int need_capacity)
     log_warn(LD_CIRC,
              "No specified %sexit routers seem to be running: "
              "can't choose an exit.",
-             options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion ? "non-excluded " : "");
+             options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_ ? "non-excluded " : "");
   }
   return NULL;
 }
@@ -3438,14 +3189,14 @@ choose_good_exit_server(uint8_t purpose,
 
   switch (purpose) {
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL:
-      if (options->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE)
+      if (options->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE)
         flags |= CRN_ALLOW_INVALID;
       if (is_internal) /* pick it like a middle hop */
         return router_choose_random_node(NULL, options->ExcludeNodes, flags);
       else
         return choose_good_exit_server_general(need_uptime,need_capacity);
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND:
-      if (options->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_RENDEZVOUS)
+      if (options->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_RENDEZVOUS)
         flags |= CRN_ALLOW_INVALID;
       return router_choose_random_node(NULL, options->ExcludeNodes, flags);
   }
@@ -3462,7 +3213,7 @@ warn_if_last_router_excluded(origin_circuit_t *circ, const extend_info_t *exit)
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   routerset_t *rs = options->ExcludeNodes;
   const char *description;
-  uint8_t purpose = circ->_base.purpose;
+  uint8_t purpose = circ->base_.purpose;
 
   if (circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel)
     return;
@@ -3482,7 +3233,7 @@ warn_if_last_router_excluded(origin_circuit_t *circ, const extend_info_t *exit)
       if (circ->build_state->is_internal)
         return;
       description = "requested exit node";
-      rs = options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion;
+      rs = options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_;
       break;
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING:
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT:
@@ -3499,7 +3250,7 @@ warn_if_last_router_excluded(origin_circuit_t *circ, const extend_info_t *exit)
       description = "chosen rendezvous point";
       break;
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER:
-      rs = options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion;
+      rs = options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_;
       description = "controller-selected circuit target";
       break;
     }
@@ -3541,7 +3292,7 @@ onion_pick_cpath_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *exit)
     log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Launching a one-hop circuit for dir tunnel.");
     state->desired_path_len = 1;
   } else {
-    int r = new_route_len(circ->_base.purpose, exit, nodelist_get_list());
+    int r = new_route_len(circ->base_.purpose, exit, nodelist_get_list());
     if (r < 1) /* must be at least 1 */
       return -1;
     state->desired_path_len = r;
@@ -3554,7 +3305,7 @@ onion_pick_cpath_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *exit)
     exit = extend_info_dup(exit);
   } else { /* we have to decide one */
     const node_t *node =
-      choose_good_exit_server(circ->_base.purpose, state->need_uptime,
+      choose_good_exit_server(circ->base_.purpose, state->need_uptime,
                               state->need_capacity, state->is_internal);
     if (!node) {
       log_warn(LD_CIRC,"failed to choose an exit server");
@@ -3597,6 +3348,9 @@ circuit_extend_to_new_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *exit)
 {
   int err_reason = 0;
   warn_if_last_router_excluded(circ, exit);
+
+  tor_gettimeofday(&circ->base_.timestamp_began);
+
   circuit_append_new_exit(circ, exit);
   circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING);
   if ((err_reason = circuit_send_next_onion_skin(circ))<0) {
@@ -3605,6 +3359,9 @@ circuit_extend_to_new_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *exit)
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), -err_reason);
     return -1;
   }
+
+  // XXX: Should cannibalized circuits be dirty or not? Not easy to say..
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3675,8 +3432,8 @@ choose_good_middle_server(uint8_t purpose,
   smartlist_t *excluded;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   router_crn_flags_t flags = CRN_NEED_DESC;
-  tor_assert(_CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN <= purpose &&
-             purpose <= _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX);
+  tor_assert(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN_ <= purpose &&
+             purpose <= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX_);
 
   log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Contemplating intermediate hop: random choice.");
   excluded = smartlist_new();
@@ -3693,7 +3450,7 @@ choose_good_middle_server(uint8_t purpose,
     flags |= CRN_NEED_UPTIME;
   if (state->need_capacity)
     flags |= CRN_NEED_CAPACITY;
-  if (options->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE)
+  if (options->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE)
     flags |= CRN_ALLOW_INVALID;
   choice = router_choose_random_node(excluded, options->ExcludeNodes, flags);
   smartlist_free(excluded);
@@ -3708,7 +3465,8 @@ choose_good_middle_server(uint8_t purpose,
  * If <b>state</b> is NULL, we're choosing a router to serve as an entry
  * guard, not for any particular circuit.
  */
-static const node_t *
+/* XXXX024 I'd like to have this be static again, but entrynodes.c needs it. */
+const node_t *
 choose_good_entry_server(uint8_t purpose, cpath_build_state_t *state)
 {
   const node_t *choice;
@@ -3740,8 +3498,9 @@ choose_good_entry_server(uint8_t purpose, cpath_build_state_t *state)
     });
   }
   /* and exclude current entry guards and their families, if applicable */
-  if (options->UseEntryGuards && entry_guards) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
+  /*XXXX025 use the using_as_guard flag to accomplish this.*/
+  if (options->UseEntryGuards) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(get_entry_guards(), const entry_guard_t *, entry,
       {
         if ((node = node_get_by_id(entry->identity))) {
           nodelist_add_node_and_family(excluded, node);
@@ -3755,7 +3514,7 @@ choose_good_entry_server(uint8_t purpose, cpath_build_state_t *state)
     if (state->need_capacity)
       flags |= CRN_NEED_CAPACITY;
   }
-  if (options->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_ENTRY)
+  if (options->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_ENTRY)
     flags |= CRN_ALLOW_INVALID;
 
   choice = router_choose_random_node(excluded, options->ExcludeNodes, flags);
@@ -3779,11 +3538,14 @@ onion_next_hop_in_cpath(crypt_path_t *cpath)
 
 /** Choose a suitable next hop in the cpath <b>head_ptr</b>,
  * based on <b>state</b>. Append the hop info to head_ptr.
+ *
+ * Return 1 if the path is complete, 0 if we successfully added a hop,
+ * and -1 on error.
  */
 static int
 onion_extend_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  uint8_t purpose = circ->_base.purpose;
+  uint8_t purpose = circ->base_.purpose;
   cpath_build_state_t *state = circ->build_state;
   int cur_len = circuit_get_cpath_len(circ);
   extend_info_t *info = NULL;
@@ -3802,12 +3564,10 @@ onion_extend_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   } else if (cur_len == 0) { /* picking first node */
     const node_t *r = choose_good_entry_server(purpose, state);
     if (r) {
-      /* If we're extending to a bridge, use the preferred address
-         rather than the primary, for potentially extending to an IPv6
-         bridge.  */
-      int use_pref_addr = (r->ri != NULL &&
-                           r->ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE);
-      info = extend_info_from_node(r, use_pref_addr);
+      /* If we're a client, use the preferred address rather than the
+         primary address, for potentially connecting to an IPv6 OR
+         port. */
+      info = extend_info_from_node(r, server_mode(get_options()) == 0);
       tor_assert(info);
     }
   } else {
@@ -3858,9 +3618,10 @@ onion_append_hop(crypt_path_t **head_ptr, extend_info_t *choice)
 
 /** Allocate a new extend_info object based on the various arguments. */
 extend_info_t *
-extend_info_alloc(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
-                  crypto_pk_t *onion_key,
-                  const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
+extend_info_new(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
+                crypto_pk_t *onion_key,
+                const curve25519_public_key_t *curve25519_key,
+                const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
 {
   extend_info_t *info = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(extend_info_t));
   memcpy(info->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
@@ -3868,52 +3629,59 @@ extend_info_alloc(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
     strlcpy(info->nickname, nickname, sizeof(info->nickname));
   if (onion_key)
     info->onion_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(onion_key);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  if (curve25519_key)
+    memcpy(&info->curve25519_onion_key, curve25519_key,
+           sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+#else
+  (void)curve25519_key;
+#endif
   tor_addr_copy(&info->addr, addr);
   info->port = port;
   return info;
 }
 
-/** Allocate and return a new extend_info_t that can be used to build
- * a circuit to or through the router <b>r</b>. Use the primary
- * address of the router unless <b>for_direct_connect</b> is true, in
- * which case the preferred address is used instead. */
+/** Allocate and return a new extend_info that can be used to build a
+ * circuit to or through the node <b>node</b>. Use the primary address
+ * of the node (i.e. its IPv4 address) unless
+ * <b>for_direct_connect</b> is true, in which case the preferred
+ * address is used instead. May return NULL if there is not enough
+ * info about <b>node</b> to extend to it--for example, if there is no
+ * routerinfo_t or microdesc_t.
+ **/
 extend_info_t *
-extend_info_from_router(const routerinfo_t *r, int for_direct_connect)
+extend_info_from_node(const node_t *node, int for_direct_connect)
 {
   tor_addr_port_t ap;
-  tor_assert(r);
+
+  if (node->ri == NULL && (node->rs == NULL || node->md == NULL))
+    return NULL;
 
   if (for_direct_connect)
-    router_get_pref_orport(r, &ap);
+    node_get_pref_orport(node, &ap);
   else
-    router_get_prim_orport(r, &ap);
-  return extend_info_alloc(r->nickname, r->cache_info.identity_digest,
-                           r->onion_pkey, &ap.addr, ap.port);
-}
+    node_get_prim_orport(node, &ap);
 
-/** Allocate and return a new extend_info that can be used to build a
- * circuit to or through the node <b>node</b>. Use the primary address
- * of the node unless <b>for_direct_connect</b> is true, in which case
- * the preferred address is used instead. May return NULL if there is
- * not enough info about <b>node</b> to extend to it--for example, if
- * there is no routerinfo_t or microdesc_t.
- **/
-extend_info_t *
-extend_info_from_node(const node_t *node, int for_direct_connect)
-{
-  if (node->ri) {
-    return extend_info_from_router(node->ri, for_direct_connect);
-  } else if (node->rs && node->md) {
-    tor_addr_t addr;
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, node->rs->addr);
-    return extend_info_alloc(node->rs->nickname,
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC, "using %s for %s",
+            fmt_addrport(&ap.addr, ap.port),
+            node->ri ? node->ri->nickname : node->rs->nickname);
+
+  if (node->ri)
+    return extend_info_new(node->ri->nickname,
+                             node->identity,
+                             node->ri->onion_pkey,
+                             node->ri->onion_curve25519_pkey,
+                             &ap.addr,
+                             ap.port);
+  else if (node->rs && node->md)
+    return extend_info_new(node->rs->nickname,
                              node->identity,
                              node->md->onion_pkey,
-                             &addr,
-                             node->rs->or_port);
-  } else {
+                             node->md->onion_curve25519_pkey,
+                             &ap.addr,
+                             ap.port);
+  else
     return NULL;
-  }
 }
 
 /** Release storage held by an extend_info_t struct. */
@@ -3966,2067 +3734,3 @@ build_state_get_exit_nickname(cpath_build_state_t *state)
   return state->chosen_exit->nickname;
 }
 
-/** Check whether the entry guard <b>e</b> is usable, given the directory
- * authorities' opinion about the router (stored in <b>ri</b>) and the user's
- * configuration (in <b>options</b>). Set <b>e</b>-&gt;bad_since
- * accordingly. Return true iff the entry guard's status changes.
- *
- * If it's not usable, set *<b>reason</b> to a static string explaining why.
- */
-static int
-entry_guard_set_status(entry_guard_t *e, const node_t *node,
-                       time_t now, const or_options_t *options,
-                       const char **reason)
-{
-  char buf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-  int changed = 0;
-
-  *reason = NULL;
-
-  /* Do we want to mark this guard as bad? */
-  if (!node)
-    *reason = "unlisted";
-  else if (!node->is_running)
-    *reason = "down";
-  else if (options->UseBridges && (!node->ri ||
-                                   node->ri->purpose != ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE))
-    *reason = "not a bridge";
-  else if (options->UseBridges && !node_is_a_configured_bridge(node))
-    *reason = "not a configured bridge";
-  else if (!options->UseBridges && !node->is_possible_guard &&
-           !routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes,node))
-    *reason = "not recommended as a guard";
-  else if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeNodes, node))
-    *reason = "excluded";
-  else if (e->path_bias_disabled)
-    *reason = "path-biased";
-
-  if (*reason && ! e->bad_since) {
-    /* Router is newly bad. */
-    base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard %s (%s) is %s: marking as unusable.",
-             e->nickname, buf, *reason);
-
-    e->bad_since = now;
-    control_event_guard(e->nickname, e->identity, "BAD");
-    changed = 1;
-  } else if (!*reason && e->bad_since) {
-    /* There's nothing wrong with the router any more. */
-    base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard %s (%s) is no longer unusable: "
-             "marking as ok.", e->nickname, buf);
-
-    e->bad_since = 0;
-    control_event_guard(e->nickname, e->identity, "GOOD");
-    changed = 1;
-  }
-  return changed;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff enough time has passed since we last tried to connect
- * to the unreachable guard <b>e</b> that we're willing to try again. */
-static int
-entry_is_time_to_retry(entry_guard_t *e, time_t now)
-{
-  long diff;
-  if (e->last_attempted < e->unreachable_since)
-    return 1;
-  diff = now - e->unreachable_since;
-  if (diff < 6*60*60)
-    return now > (e->last_attempted + 60*60);
-  else if (diff < 3*24*60*60)
-    return now > (e->last_attempted + 4*60*60);
-  else if (diff < 7*24*60*60)
-    return now > (e->last_attempted + 18*60*60);
-  else
-    return now > (e->last_attempted + 36*60*60);
-}
-
-/** Return the node corresponding to <b>e</b>, if <b>e</b> is
- * working well enough that we are willing to use it as an entry
- * right now. (Else return NULL.) In particular, it must be
- * - Listed as either up or never yet contacted;
- * - Present in the routerlist;
- * - Listed as 'stable' or 'fast' by the current dirserver consensus,
- *   if demanded by <b>need_uptime</b> or <b>need_capacity</b>
- *   (unless it's a configured EntryNode);
- * - Allowed by our current ReachableORAddresses config option; and
- * - Currently thought to be reachable by us (unless <b>assume_reachable</b>
- *   is true).
- *
- * If the answer is no, set *<b>msg</b> to an explanation of why.
- */
-static INLINE const node_t *
-entry_is_live(entry_guard_t *e, int need_uptime, int need_capacity,
-              int assume_reachable, const char **msg)
-{
-  const node_t *node;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  tor_assert(msg);
-
-  if (e->path_bias_disabled) {
-    *msg = "path-biased";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (e->bad_since) {
-    *msg = "bad";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  /* no good if it's unreachable, unless assume_unreachable or can_retry. */
-  if (!assume_reachable && !e->can_retry &&
-      e->unreachable_since && !entry_is_time_to_retry(e, time(NULL))) {
-    *msg = "unreachable";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
-  if (!node || !node_has_descriptor(node)) {
-    *msg = "no descriptor";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (get_options()->UseBridges) {
-    if (node_get_purpose(node) != ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE) {
-      *msg = "not a bridge";
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    if (!node_is_a_configured_bridge(node)) {
-      *msg = "not a configured bridge";
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  } else { /* !get_options()->UseBridges */
-    if (node_get_purpose(node) != ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL) {
-      *msg = "not general-purpose";
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  }
-  if (routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes, node)) {
-    /* they asked for it, they get it */
-    need_uptime = need_capacity = 0;
-  }
-  if (node_is_unreliable(node, need_uptime, need_capacity, 0)) {
-    *msg = "not fast/stable";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!fascist_firewall_allows_node(node)) {
-    *msg = "unreachable by config";
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return node;
-}
-
-/** Return the number of entry guards that we think are usable. */
-static int
-num_live_entry_guards(void)
-{
-  int n = 0;
-  const char *msg;
-  if (! entry_guards)
-    return 0;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
-    {
-      if (entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, &msg))
-        ++n;
-    });
-  return n;
-}
-
-/** If <b>digest</b> matches the identity of any node in the
- * entry_guards list, return that node. Else return NULL. */
-static entry_guard_t *
-entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest)
-{
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
-                    if (tor_memeq(digest, entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN))
-                      return entry;
-                   );
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Dump a description of our list of entry guards to the log at level
- * <b>severity</b>. */
-static void
-log_entry_guards(int severity)
-{
-  smartlist_t *elements = smartlist_new();
-  char *s;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e)
-    {
-      const char *msg = NULL;
-      if (entry_is_live(e, 0, 1, 0, &msg))
-        smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s [%s] (up %s)",
-                     e->nickname,
-                     hex_str(e->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
-                     e->made_contact ? "made-contact" : "never-contacted");
-      else
-        smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s [%s] (%s, %s)",
-                     e->nickname,
-                     hex_str(e->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
-                     msg,
-                     e->made_contact ? "made-contact" : "never-contacted");
-    }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-
-  s = smartlist_join_strings(elements, ",", 0, NULL);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(elements, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(elements);
-  log_fn(severity,LD_CIRC,"%s",s);
-  tor_free(s);
-}
-
-/** Called when one or more guards that we would previously have used for some
- * purpose are no longer in use because a higher-priority guard has become
- * usable again. */
-static void
-control_event_guard_deferred(void)
-{
-  /* XXXX We don't actually have a good way to figure out _how many_ entries
-   * are live for some purpose.  We need an entry_is_even_slightly_live()
-   * function for this to work right.  NumEntryGuards isn't reliable: if we
-   * need guards with weird properties, we can have more than that number
-   * live.
-   **/
-#if 0
-  int n = 0;
-  const char *msg;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  if (!entry_guards)
-    return;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
-    {
-      if (entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, &msg)) {
-        if (n++ == options->NumEntryGuards) {
-          control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DEFERRED");
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    });
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Add a new (preferably stable and fast) router to our
- * entry_guards list. Return a pointer to the router if we succeed,
- * or NULL if we can't find any more suitable entries.
- *
- * If <b>chosen</b> is defined, use that one, and if it's not
- * already in our entry_guards list, put it at the *beginning*.
- * Else, put the one we pick at the end of the list. */
-static const node_t *
-add_an_entry_guard(const node_t *chosen, int reset_status, int prepend)
-{
-  const node_t *node;
-  entry_guard_t *entry;
-
-  if (chosen) {
-    node = chosen;
-    entry = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(node->identity);
-    if (entry) {
-      if (reset_status) {
-        entry->bad_since = 0;
-        entry->can_retry = 1;
-      }
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  } else {
-    node = choose_good_entry_server(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL, NULL);
-    if (!node)
-      return NULL;
-  }
-  entry = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(entry_guard_t));
-  log_info(LD_CIRC, "Chose %s as new entry guard.",
-           node_describe(node));
-  strlcpy(entry->nickname, node_get_nickname(node), sizeof(entry->nickname));
-  memcpy(entry->identity, node->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-  /* Choose expiry time smudged over the past month. The goal here
-   * is to a) spread out when Tor clients rotate their guards, so they
-   * don't all select them on the same day, and b) avoid leaving a
-   * precise timestamp in the state file about when we first picked
-   * this guard. For details, see the Jan 2010 or-dev thread. */
-  entry->chosen_on_date = time(NULL) - crypto_rand_int(3600*24*30);
-  entry->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(VERSION);
-  if (prepend)
-    smartlist_insert(entry_guards, 0, entry);
-  else
-    smartlist_add(entry_guards, entry);
-  control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "NEW");
-  control_event_guard_deferred();
-  log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-  return node;
-}
-
-/** If the use of entry guards is configured, choose more entry guards
- * until we have enough in the list. */
-static void
-pick_entry_guards(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  int changed = 0;
-
-  tor_assert(entry_guards);
-
-  while (num_live_entry_guards() < options->NumEntryGuards) {
-    if (!add_an_entry_guard(NULL, 0, 0))
-      break;
-    changed = 1;
-  }
-  if (changed)
-    entry_guards_changed();
-}
-
-/** How long (in seconds) do we allow an entry guard to be nonfunctional,
- * unlisted, excluded, or otherwise nonusable before we give up on it? */
-#define ENTRY_GUARD_REMOVE_AFTER (30*24*60*60)
-
-/** Release all storage held by <b>e</b>. */
-static void
-entry_guard_free(entry_guard_t *e)
-{
-  if (!e)
-    return;
-  tor_free(e->chosen_by_version);
-  tor_free(e);
-}
-
-/** Remove any entry guard which was selected by an unknown version of Tor,
- * or which was selected by a version of Tor that's known to select
- * entry guards badly, or which was selected more 2 months ago. */
-/* XXXX The "obsolete guards" and "chosen long ago guards" things should
- * probably be different functions. */
-static int
-remove_obsolete_entry_guards(time_t now)
-{
-  int changed = 0, i;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(entry_guards); ++i) {
-    entry_guard_t *entry = smartlist_get(entry_guards, i);
-    const char *ver = entry->chosen_by_version;
-    const char *msg = NULL;
-    tor_version_t v;
-    int version_is_bad = 0, date_is_bad = 0;
-    if (!ver) {
-      msg = "does not say what version of Tor it was selected by";
-      version_is_bad = 1;
-    } else if (tor_version_parse(ver, &v)) {
-      msg = "does not seem to be from any recognized version of Tor";
-      version_is_bad = 1;
-    } else {
-      char *tor_ver = NULL;
-      tor_asprintf(&tor_ver, "Tor %s", ver);
-      if ((tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.1.0.10-alpha") &&
-           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.1.2.16-dev")) ||
-          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.0.0-alpha") &&
-           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.0.6-alpha")) ||
-          /* above are bug 440; below are bug 1217 */
-          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.1.3-alpha") &&
-           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.1.23")) ||
-          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.2.0-alpha") &&
-           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.2.7-alpha"))) {
-        msg = "was selected without regard for guard bandwidth";
-        version_is_bad = 1;
-      }
-      tor_free(tor_ver);
-    }
-    if (!version_is_bad && entry->chosen_on_date + 3600*24*60 < now) {
-      /* It's been 2 months since the date listed in our state file. */
-      msg = "was selected several months ago";
-      date_is_bad = 1;
-    }
-
-    if (version_is_bad || date_is_bad) { /* we need to drop it */
-      char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-      tor_assert(msg);
-      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-      log_fn(version_is_bad ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO, LD_CIRC,
-             "Entry guard '%s' (%s) %s. (Version=%s.) Replacing it.",
-             entry->nickname, dbuf, msg, ver?escaped(ver):"none");
-      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
-      entry_guard_free(entry);
-      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, i--);
-      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-      changed = 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return changed ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** Remove all entry guards that have been down or unlisted for so
- * long that we don't think they'll come up again. Return 1 if we
- * removed any, or 0 if we did nothing. */
-static int
-remove_dead_entry_guards(time_t now)
-{
-  char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-  char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-  int i;
-  int changed = 0;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(entry_guards); ) {
-    entry_guard_t *entry = smartlist_get(entry_guards, i);
-    if (entry->bad_since &&
-        ! entry->path_bias_disabled &&
-        entry->bad_since + ENTRY_GUARD_REMOVE_AFTER < now) {
-
-      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-      format_local_iso_time(tbuf, entry->bad_since);
-      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard '%s' (%s) has been down or unlisted "
-               "since %s local time; removing.",
-               entry->nickname, dbuf, tbuf);
-      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
-      entry_guard_free(entry);
-      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, i);
-      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-      changed = 1;
-    } else
-      ++i;
-  }
-  return changed ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** A new directory or router-status has arrived; update the down/listed
- * status of the entry guards.
- *
- * An entry is 'down' if the directory lists it as nonrunning.
- * An entry is 'unlisted' if the directory doesn't include it.
- *
- * Don't call this on startup; only on a fresh download. Otherwise we'll
- * think that things are unlisted.
- */
-void
-entry_guards_compute_status(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
-{
-  int changed = 0;
-  digestmap_t *reasons;
-
-  if (! entry_guards)
-    return;
-
-  if (options->EntryNodes) /* reshuffle the entry guard list if needed */
-    entry_nodes_should_be_added();
-
-  reasons = digestmap_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry)
-    {
-      const node_t *r = node_get_by_id(entry->identity);
-      const char *reason = NULL;
-      if (entry_guard_set_status(entry, r, now, options, &reason))
-        changed = 1;
-
-      if (entry->bad_since)
-        tor_assert(reason);
-      if (reason)
-        digestmap_set(reasons, entry->identity, (char*)reason);
-    }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
-
-  if (remove_dead_entry_guards(now))
-    changed = 1;
-  if (remove_obsolete_entry_guards(now))
-    changed = 1;
-
-  if (changed) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
-      const char *reason = digestmap_get(reasons, entry->identity);
-      const char *live_msg = "";
-      const node_t *r = entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, &live_msg);
-      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Summary: Entry %s [%s] is %s, %s%s%s, and %s%s.",
-               entry->nickname,
-               hex_str(entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
-               entry->unreachable_since ? "unreachable" : "reachable",
-               entry->bad_since ? "unusable" : "usable",
-               reason ? ", ": "",
-               reason ? reason : "",
-               r ? "live" : "not live / ",
-               r ? "" : live_msg);
-    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
-    log_info(LD_CIRC, "    (%d/%d entry guards are usable/new)",
-             num_live_entry_guards(), smartlist_len(entry_guards));
-    log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-    entry_guards_changed();
-  }
-
-  digestmap_free(reasons, NULL);
-}
-
-/** Called when a connection to an OR with the identity digest <b>digest</b>
- * is established (<b>succeeded</b>==1) or has failed (<b>succeeded</b>==0).
- * If the OR is an entry, change that entry's up/down status.
- * Return 0 normally, or -1 if we want to tear down the new connection.
- *
- * If <b>mark_relay_status</b>, also call router_set_status() on this
- * relay.
- *
- * XXX024 change succeeded and mark_relay_status into 'int flags'.
- */
-int
-entry_guard_register_connect_status(const char *digest, int succeeded,
-                                    int mark_relay_status, time_t now)
-{
-  int changed = 0;
-  int refuse_conn = 0;
-  int first_contact = 0;
-  entry_guard_t *entry = NULL;
-  int idx = -1;
-  char buf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-
-  if (! entry_guards)
-    return 0;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-    tor_assert(e);
-    if (tor_memeq(e->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
-      entry = e;
-      idx = e_sl_idx;
-      break;
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-
-  if (!entry)
-    return 0;
-
-  base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-
-  if (succeeded) {
-    if (entry->unreachable_since) {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard '%s' (%s) is now reachable again. Good.",
-               entry->nickname, buf);
-      entry->can_retry = 0;
-      entry->unreachable_since = 0;
-      entry->last_attempted = now;
-      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "UP");
-      changed = 1;
-    }
-    if (!entry->made_contact) {
-      entry->made_contact = 1;
-      first_contact = changed = 1;
-    }
-  } else { /* ! succeeded */
-    if (!entry->made_contact) {
-      /* We've never connected to this one. */
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Connection to never-contacted entry guard '%s' (%s) failed. "
-               "Removing from the list. %d/%d entry guards usable/new.",
-               entry->nickname, buf,
-               num_live_entry_guards()-1, smartlist_len(entry_guards)-1);
-      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
-      entry_guard_free(entry);
-      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, idx);
-      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-      changed = 1;
-    } else if (!entry->unreachable_since) {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Unable to connect to entry guard '%s' (%s). "
-               "Marking as unreachable.", entry->nickname, buf);
-      entry->unreachable_since = entry->last_attempted = now;
-      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DOWN");
-      changed = 1;
-      entry->can_retry = 0; /* We gave it an early chance; no good. */
-    } else {
-      char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-      format_iso_time(tbuf, entry->unreachable_since);
-      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Failed to connect to unreachable entry guard "
-                "'%s' (%s).  It has been unreachable since %s.",
-                entry->nickname, buf, tbuf);
-      entry->last_attempted = now;
-      entry->can_retry = 0; /* We gave it an early chance; no good. */
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* if the caller asked us to, also update the is_running flags for this
-   * relay */
-  if (mark_relay_status)
-    router_set_status(digest, succeeded);
-
-  if (first_contact) {
-    /* We've just added a new long-term entry guard. Perhaps the network just
-     * came back? We should give our earlier entries another try too,
-     * and close this connection so we don't use it before we've given
-     * the others a shot. */
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-        if (e == entry)
-          break;
-        if (e->made_contact) {
-          const char *msg;
-          const node_t *r = entry_is_live(e, 0, 1, 1, &msg);
-          if (r && e->unreachable_since) {
-            refuse_conn = 1;
-            e->can_retry = 1;
-          }
-        }
-    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-    if (refuse_conn) {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,
-               "Connected to new entry guard '%s' (%s). Marking earlier "
-               "entry guards up. %d/%d entry guards usable/new.",
-               entry->nickname, buf,
-               num_live_entry_guards(), smartlist_len(entry_guards));
-      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
-      changed = 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (changed)
-    entry_guards_changed();
-  return refuse_conn ? -1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** When we try to choose an entry guard, should we parse and add
- * config's EntryNodes first? */
-static int should_add_entry_nodes = 0;
-
-/** Called when the value of EntryNodes changes in our configuration. */
-void
-entry_nodes_should_be_added(void)
-{
-  log_info(LD_CIRC, "EntryNodes config option set. Putting configured "
-           "relays at the front of the entry guard list.");
-  should_add_entry_nodes = 1;
-}
-
-/** Adjust the entry guards list so that it only contains entries from
- * EntryNodes, adding new entries from EntryNodes to the list as needed. */
-static void
-entry_guards_set_from_config(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  smartlist_t *entry_nodes, *worse_entry_nodes, *entry_fps;
-  smartlist_t *old_entry_guards_on_list, *old_entry_guards_not_on_list;
-  tor_assert(entry_guards);
-
-  should_add_entry_nodes = 0;
-
-  if (!options->EntryNodes) {
-    /* It's possible that a controller set EntryNodes, thus making
-     * should_add_entry_nodes set, then cleared it again, all before the
-     * call to choose_random_entry() that triggered us. If so, just return.
-     */
-    return;
-  }
-
-  {
-    char *string = routerset_to_string(options->EntryNodes);
-    log_info(LD_CIRC,"Adding configured EntryNodes '%s'.", string);
-    tor_free(string);
-  }
-
-  entry_nodes = smartlist_new();
-  worse_entry_nodes = smartlist_new();
-  entry_fps = smartlist_new();
-  old_entry_guards_on_list = smartlist_new();
-  old_entry_guards_not_on_list = smartlist_new();
-
-  /* Split entry guards into those on the list and those not. */
-
-  routerset_get_all_nodes(entry_nodes, options->EntryNodes,
-                          options->ExcludeNodes, 0);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_nodes, const node_t *,node,
-                    smartlist_add(entry_fps, (void*)node->identity));
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e, {
-    if (smartlist_digest_isin(entry_fps, e->identity))
-      smartlist_add(old_entry_guards_on_list, e);
-    else
-      smartlist_add(old_entry_guards_not_on_list, e);
-  });
-
-  /* Remove all currently configured guard nodes, excluded nodes, unreachable
-   * nodes, or non-Guard nodes from entry_nodes. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_nodes, const node_t *, node) {
-    if (entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(node->identity)) {
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
-      continue;
-    } else if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeNodes, node)) {
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
-      continue;
-    } else if (!fascist_firewall_allows_node(node)) {
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
-      continue;
-    } else if (! node->is_possible_guard) {
-      smartlist_add(worse_entry_nodes, (node_t*)node);
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
-
-  /* Now build the new entry_guards list. */
-  smartlist_clear(entry_guards);
-  /* First, the previously configured guards that are in EntryNodes. */
-  smartlist_add_all(entry_guards, old_entry_guards_on_list);
-  /* Next, scramble the rest of EntryNodes, putting the guards first. */
-  smartlist_shuffle(entry_nodes);
-  smartlist_shuffle(worse_entry_nodes);
-  smartlist_add_all(entry_nodes, worse_entry_nodes);
-
-  /* Next, the rest of EntryNodes */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_nodes, const node_t *, node) {
-    add_an_entry_guard(node, 0, 0);
-    if (smartlist_len(entry_guards) > options->NumEntryGuards * 10)
-      break;
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
-  log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "%d entries in guards", smartlist_len(entry_guards));
-  /* Finally, free the remaining previously configured guards that are not in
-   * EntryNodes. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(old_entry_guards_not_on_list, entry_guard_t *, e,
-                    entry_guard_free(e));
-
-  smartlist_free(entry_nodes);
-  smartlist_free(worse_entry_nodes);
-  smartlist_free(entry_fps);
-  smartlist_free(old_entry_guards_on_list);
-  smartlist_free(old_entry_guards_not_on_list);
-  entry_guards_changed();
-}
-
-/** Return 0 if we're fine adding arbitrary routers out of the
- * directory to our entry guard list, or return 1 if we have a
- * list already and we must stick to it.
- */
-int
-entry_list_is_constrained(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  if (options->EntryNodes)
-    return 1;
-  if (options->UseBridges)
-    return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Pick a live (up and listed) entry guard from entry_guards. If
- * <b>state</b> is non-NULL, this is for a specific circuit --
- * make sure not to pick this circuit's exit or any node in the
- * exit's family. If <b>state</b> is NULL, we're looking for a random
- * guard (likely a bridge). */
-const node_t *
-choose_random_entry(cpath_build_state_t *state)
-{
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  smartlist_t *live_entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-  smartlist_t *exit_family = smartlist_new();
-  const node_t *chosen_exit =
-    state?build_state_get_exit_node(state) : NULL;
-  const node_t *node = NULL;
-  int need_uptime = state ? state->need_uptime : 0;
-  int need_capacity = state ? state->need_capacity : 0;
-  int preferred_min, consider_exit_family = 0;
-
-  if (chosen_exit) {
-    nodelist_add_node_and_family(exit_family, chosen_exit);
-    consider_exit_family = 1;
-  }
-
-  if (!entry_guards)
-    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-
-  if (should_add_entry_nodes)
-    entry_guards_set_from_config(options);
-
-  if (!entry_list_is_constrained(options) &&
-      smartlist_len(entry_guards) < options->NumEntryGuards)
-    pick_entry_guards(options);
-
- retry:
-  smartlist_clear(live_entry_guards);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
-      const char *msg;
-      node = entry_is_live(entry, need_uptime, need_capacity, 0, &msg);
-      if (!node)
-        continue; /* down, no point */
-      if (node == chosen_exit)
-        continue; /* don't pick the same node for entry and exit */
-      if (consider_exit_family && smartlist_isin(exit_family, node))
-        continue; /* avoid relays that are family members of our exit */
-#if 0 /* since EntryNodes is always strict now, this clause is moot */
-      if (options->EntryNodes &&
-          !routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes, node)) {
-        /* We've come to the end of our preferred entry nodes. */
-        if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards))
-          goto choose_and_finish; /* only choose from the ones we like */
-        if (options->StrictNodes) {
-          /* in theory this case should never happen, since
-           * entry_guards_set_from_config() drops unwanted relays */
-          tor_fragile_assert();
-        } else {
-          log_info(LD_CIRC,
-                   "No relays from EntryNodes available. Using others.");
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      smartlist_add(live_entry_guards, (void*)node);
-      if (!entry->made_contact) {
-        /* Always start with the first not-yet-contacted entry
-         * guard. Otherwise we might add several new ones, pick
-         * the second new one, and now we've expanded our entry
-         * guard list without needing to. */
-        goto choose_and_finish;
-      }
-      if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards) >= options->NumEntryGuards)
-        goto choose_and_finish; /* we have enough */
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
-
-  if (entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
-    /* If we prefer the entry nodes we've got, and we have at least
-     * one choice, that's great. Use it. */
-    preferred_min = 1;
-  } else {
-    /* Try to have at least 2 choices available. This way we don't
-     * get stuck with a single live-but-crummy entry and just keep
-     * using him.
-     * (We might get 2 live-but-crummy entry guards, but so be it.) */
-    preferred_min = 2;
-  }
-
-  if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards) < preferred_min) {
-    if (!entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
-      /* still no? try adding a new entry then */
-      /* XXX if guard doesn't imply fast and stable, then we need
-       * to tell add_an_entry_guard below what we want, or it might
-       * be a long time til we get it. -RD */
-      node = add_an_entry_guard(NULL, 0, 0);
-      if (node) {
-        entry_guards_changed();
-        /* XXX we start over here in case the new node we added shares
-         * a family with our exit node. There's a chance that we'll just
-         * load up on entry guards here, if the network we're using is
-         * one big family. Perhaps we should teach add_an_entry_guard()
-         * to understand nodes-to-avoid-if-possible? -RD */
-        goto retry;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!node && need_uptime) {
-      need_uptime = 0; /* try without that requirement */
-      goto retry;
-    }
-    if (!node && need_capacity) {
-      /* still no? last attempt, try without requiring capacity */
-      need_capacity = 0;
-      goto retry;
-    }
-#if 0
-    /* Removing this retry logic: if we only allow one exit, and it is in the
-       same family as all our entries, then we are just plain not going to win
-       here. */
-    if (!node && entry_list_is_constrained(options) && consider_exit_family) {
-      /* still no? if we're using bridges or have strictentrynodes
-       * set, and our chosen exit is in the same family as all our
-       * bridges/entry guards, then be flexible about families. */
-      consider_exit_family = 0;
-      goto retry;
-    }
-#endif
-    /* live_entry_guards may be empty below. Oh well, we tried. */
-  }
-
- choose_and_finish:
-  if (entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
-    /* We need to weight by bandwidth, because our bridges or entryguards
-     * were not already selected proportional to their bandwidth. */
-    node = node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(live_entry_guards, WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD);
-  } else {
-    /* We choose uniformly at random here, because choose_good_entry_server()
-     * already weights its choices by bandwidth, so we don't want to
-     * *double*-weight our guard selection. */
-    node = smartlist_choose(live_entry_guards);
-  }
-  smartlist_free(live_entry_guards);
-  smartlist_free(exit_family);
-  return node;
-}
-
-/** Parse <b>state</b> and learn about the entry guards it describes.
- * If <b>set</b> is true, and there are no errors, replace the global
- * entry_list with what we find.
- * On success, return 0. On failure, alloc into *<b>msg</b> a string
- * describing the error, and return -1.
- */
-int
-entry_guards_parse_state(or_state_t *state, int set, char **msg)
-{
-  entry_guard_t *node = NULL;
-  smartlist_t *new_entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-  config_line_t *line;
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  const char *state_version = state->TorVersion;
-  digestmap_t *added_by = digestmap_new();
-
-  *msg = NULL;
-  for (line = state->EntryGuards; line; line = line->next) {
-    if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuard")) {
-      smartlist_t *args = smartlist_new();
-      node = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(entry_guard_t));
-      /* all entry guards on disk have been contacted */
-      node->made_contact = 1;
-      smartlist_add(new_entry_guards, node);
-      smartlist_split_string(args, line->value, " ",
-                             SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
-      if (smartlist_len(args)<2) {
-        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-                          "Too few arguments to EntryGuard");
-      } else if (!is_legal_nickname(smartlist_get(args,0))) {
-        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-                          "Bad nickname for EntryGuard");
-      } else {
-        strlcpy(node->nickname, smartlist_get(args,0), MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1);
-        if (base16_decode(node->identity, DIGEST_LEN, smartlist_get(args,1),
-                          strlen(smartlist_get(args,1)))<0) {
-          *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-                            "Bad hex digest for EntryGuard");
-        }
-      }
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_free(args);
-      if (*msg)
-        break;
-    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardDownSince") ||
-               !strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardUnlistedSince")) {
-      time_t when;
-      time_t last_try = 0;
-      if (!node) {
-        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-               "EntryGuardDownSince/UnlistedSince without EntryGuard");
-        break;
-      }
-      if (parse_iso_time(line->value, &when)<0) {
-        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-                          "Bad time in EntryGuardDownSince/UnlistedSince");
-        break;
-      }
-      if (when > now) {
-        /* It's a bad idea to believe info in the future: you can wind
-         * up with timeouts that aren't allowed to happen for years. */
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (strlen(line->value) >= ISO_TIME_LEN+ISO_TIME_LEN+1) {
-        /* ignore failure */
-        (void) parse_iso_time(line->value+ISO_TIME_LEN+1, &last_try);
-      }
-      if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardDownSince")) {
-        node->unreachable_since = when;
-        node->last_attempted = last_try;
-      } else {
-        node->bad_since = when;
-      }
-    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardAddedBy")) {
-      char d[DIGEST_LEN];
-      /* format is digest version date */
-      if (strlen(line->value) < HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1+1+1+ISO_TIME_LEN) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "EntryGuardAddedBy line is not long enough.");
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (base16_decode(d, sizeof(d), line->value, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0 ||
-          line->value[HEX_DIGEST_LEN] != ' ') {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "EntryGuardAddedBy line %s does not begin with "
-                 "hex digest", escaped(line->value));
-        continue;
-      }
-      digestmap_set(added_by, d, tor_strdup(line->value+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1));
-    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardPathBias")) {
-      const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-      unsigned hop_cnt, success_cnt;
-
-      if (!node) {
-        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
-               "EntryGuardPathBias without EntryGuard");
-        break;
-      }
-
-      if (tor_sscanf(line->value, "%u %u", &success_cnt, &hop_cnt) != 2) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse guard path bias info: "
-                 "Misformated EntryGuardPathBias %s", escaped(line->value));
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      node->first_hops = hop_cnt;
-      node->circuit_successes = success_cnt;
-      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Read %u/%u path bias for node %s",
-               node->circuit_successes, node->first_hops, node->nickname);
-      /* Note: We rely on the < comparison here to allow us to set a 0
-       * rate and disable the feature entirely. If refactoring, don't
-       * change to <= */
-      if (node->circuit_successes/((double)node->first_hops)
-          < pathbias_get_disable_rate(options)) {
-        node->path_bias_disabled = 1;
-        log_info(LD_GENERAL,
-                 "Path bias is too high (%u/%u); disabling node %s",
-                 node->circuit_successes, node->first_hops, node->nickname);
-      }
-
-    } else {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unexpected key %s", line->key);
-    }
-  }
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(new_entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-     char *sp;
-     char *val = digestmap_get(added_by, e->identity);
-     if (val && (sp = strchr(val, ' '))) {
-       time_t when;
-       *sp++ = '\0';
-       if (parse_iso_time(sp, &when)<0) {
-         log_warn(LD_BUG, "Can't read time %s in EntryGuardAddedBy", sp);
-       } else {
-         e->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(val);
-         e->chosen_on_date = when;
-       }
-     } else {
-       if (state_version) {
-         e->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(state_version);
-         e->chosen_on_date = time(NULL) - crypto_rand_int(3600*24*30);
-       }
-     }
-     if (e->path_bias_disabled && !e->bad_since)
-       e->bad_since = time(NULL);
-    }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-
-  if (*msg || !set) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(new_entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
-                      entry_guard_free(e));
-    smartlist_free(new_entry_guards);
-  } else { /* !err && set */
-    if (entry_guards) {
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
-                        entry_guard_free(e));
-      smartlist_free(entry_guards);
-    }
-    entry_guards = new_entry_guards;
-    entry_guards_dirty = 0;
-    /* XXX024 hand new_entry_guards to this func, and move it up a
-     * few lines, so we don't have to re-dirty it */
-    if (remove_obsolete_entry_guards(now))
-      entry_guards_dirty = 1;
-  }
-  digestmap_free(added_by, _tor_free);
-  return *msg ? -1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** Our list of entry guards has changed, or some element of one
- * of our entry guards has changed. Write the changes to disk within
- * the next few minutes.
- */
-static void
-entry_guards_changed(void)
-{
-  time_t when;
-  entry_guards_dirty = 1;
-
-  /* or_state_save() will call entry_guards_update_state(). */
-  when = get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites ? time(NULL) + 3600 : time(NULL)+600;
-  or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), when);
-}
-
-/** If the entry guard info has not changed, do nothing and return.
- * Otherwise, free the EntryGuards piece of <b>state</b> and create
- * a new one out of the global entry_guards list, and then mark
- * <b>state</b> dirty so it will get saved to disk.
- */
-void
-entry_guards_update_state(or_state_t *state)
-{
-  config_line_t **next, *line;
-  if (! entry_guards_dirty)
-    return;
-
-  config_free_lines(state->EntryGuards);
-  next = &state->EntryGuards;
-  *next = NULL;
-  if (!entry_guards)
-    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-      char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-      if (!e->made_contact)
-        continue; /* don't write this one to disk */
-      *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-      line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuard");
-      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-      tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s", e->nickname, dbuf);
-      next = &(line->next);
-      if (e->unreachable_since) {
-        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardDownSince");
-        line->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1+ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
-        format_iso_time(line->value, e->unreachable_since);
-        if (e->last_attempted) {
-          line->value[ISO_TIME_LEN] = ' ';
-          format_iso_time(line->value+ISO_TIME_LEN+1, e->last_attempted);
-        }
-        next = &(line->next);
-      }
-      if (e->bad_since) {
-        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardUnlistedSince");
-        line->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
-        format_iso_time(line->value, e->bad_since);
-        next = &(line->next);
-      }
-      if (e->chosen_on_date && e->chosen_by_version &&
-          !strchr(e->chosen_by_version, ' ')) {
-        char d[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-        char t[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardAddedBy");
-        base16_encode(d, sizeof(d), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-        format_iso_time(t, e->chosen_on_date);
-        tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s %s",
-                     d, e->chosen_by_version, t);
-        next = &(line->next);
-      }
-      if (e->first_hops) {
-        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardPathBias");
-        tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%u %u",
-                     e->circuit_successes, e->first_hops);
-        next = &(line->next);
-      }
-
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-  if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
-    or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
-  entry_guards_dirty = 0;
-}
-
-/** If <b>question</b> is the string "entry-guards", then dump
- * to *<b>answer</b> a newly allocated string describing all of
- * the nodes in the global entry_guards list. See control-spec.txt
- * for details.
- * For backward compatibility, we also handle the string "helper-nodes".
- * */
-int
-getinfo_helper_entry_guards(control_connection_t *conn,
-                            const char *question, char **answer,
-                            const char **errmsg)
-{
-  (void) conn;
-  (void) errmsg;
-
-  if (!strcmp(question,"entry-guards") ||
-      !strcmp(question,"helper-nodes")) {
-    smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
-    char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-    char nbuf[MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
-    if (!entry_guards)
-      entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-        const char *status = NULL;
-        time_t when = 0;
-        const node_t *node;
-
-        if (!e->made_contact) {
-          status = "never-connected";
-        } else if (e->bad_since) {
-          when = e->bad_since;
-          status = "unusable";
-        } else {
-          status = "up";
-        }
-
-        node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
-        if (node) {
-          node_get_verbose_nickname(node, nbuf);
-        } else {
-          nbuf[0] = '$';
-          base16_encode(nbuf+1, sizeof(nbuf)-1, e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-          /* e->nickname field is not very reliable if we don't know about
-           * this router any longer; don't include it. */
-        }
-
-        if (when) {
-          format_iso_time(tbuf, when);
-          smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s %s %s\n", nbuf, status, tbuf);
-        } else {
-          smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s %s\n", nbuf, status);
-        }
-    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-    *answer = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c));
-    smartlist_free(sl);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** A list of configured bridges. Whenever we actually get a descriptor
- * for one, we add it as an entry guard.  Note that the order of bridges
- * in this list does not necessarily correspond to the order of bridges
- * in the torrc. */
-static smartlist_t *bridge_list = NULL;
-
-/** Mark every entry of the bridge list to be removed on our next call to
- * sweep_bridge_list unless it has first been un-marked. */
-void
-mark_bridge_list(void)
-{
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b,
-                    b->marked_for_removal = 1);
-}
-
-/** Remove every entry of the bridge list that was marked with
- * mark_bridge_list if it has not subsequently been un-marked. */
-void
-sweep_bridge_list(void)
-{
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b) {
-    if (b->marked_for_removal) {
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(bridge_list, b);
-      bridge_free(b);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(b);
-}
-
-/** Initialize the bridge list to empty, creating it if needed. */
-static void
-clear_bridge_list(void)
-{
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b, bridge_free(b));
-  smartlist_clear(bridge_list);
-}
-
-/** Free the bridge <b>bridge</b>. */
-static void
-bridge_free(bridge_info_t *bridge)
-{
-  if (!bridge)
-    return;
-
-  tor_free(bridge->transport_name);
-  tor_free(bridge);
-}
-
-/** A list of pluggable transports found in torrc. */
-static smartlist_t *transport_list = NULL;
-
-/** Mark every entry of the transport list to be removed on our next call to
- * sweep_transport_list unless it has first been un-marked. */
-void
-mark_transport_list(void)
-{
-  if (!transport_list)
-    transport_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(transport_list, transport_t *, t,
-                    t->marked_for_removal = 1);
-}
-
-/** Remove every entry of the transport list that was marked with
- * mark_transport_list if it has not subsequently been un-marked. */
-void
-sweep_transport_list(void)
-{
-  if (!transport_list)
-    transport_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(transport_list, transport_t *, t) {
-    if (t->marked_for_removal) {
-      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(transport_list, t);
-      transport_free(t);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
-}
-
-/** Initialize the pluggable transports list to empty, creating it if
- *  needed. */
-void
-clear_transport_list(void)
-{
-  if (!transport_list)
-    transport_list = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(transport_list, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
-  smartlist_clear(transport_list);
-}
-
-/** Free the pluggable transport struct <b>transport</b>. */
-void
-transport_free(transport_t *transport)
-{
-  if (!transport)
-    return;
-
-  tor_free(transport->name);
-  tor_free(transport);
-}
-
-/** Returns the transport in our transport list that has the name <b>name</b>.
- *  Else returns NULL. */
-transport_t *
-transport_get_by_name(const char *name)
-{
-  tor_assert(name);
-
-  if (!transport_list)
-    return NULL;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(transport_list, transport_t *, transport) {
-    if (!strcmp(transport->name, name))
-      return transport;
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(transport);
-
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Returns a transport_t struct for a transport proxy supporting the
-    protocol <b>name</b> listening at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> using
-    SOCKS version <b>socks_ver</b>. */
-transport_t *
-transport_new(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                 const char *name, int socks_ver)
-{
-  transport_t *t = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(transport_t));
-
-  tor_addr_copy(&t->addr, addr);
-  t->port = port;
-  t->name = tor_strdup(name);
-  t->socks_version = socks_ver;
-
-  return t;
-}
-
-/** Resolve any conflicts that the insertion of transport <b>t</b>
- *  might cause.
- *  Return 0 if <b>t</b> is OK and should be registered, 1 if there is
- *  a transport identical to <b>t</b> already registered and -1 if
- *  <b>t</b> cannot be added due to conflicts. */
-static int
-transport_resolve_conflicts(transport_t *t)
-{
-  /* This is how we resolve transport conflicts:
-
-     If there is already a transport with the same name and addrport,
-     we either have duplicate torrc lines OR we are here post-HUP and
-     this transport was here pre-HUP as well. In any case, mark the
-     old transport so that it doesn't get removed and ignore the new
-     one. Our caller has to free the new transport so we return '1' to
-     signify this.
-
-     If there is already a transport with the same name but different
-     addrport:
-     * if it's marked for removal, it means that it either has a lower
-     priority than 't' in torrc (otherwise the mark would have been
-     cleared by the paragraph above), or it doesn't exist at all in
-     the post-HUP torrc. We destroy the old transport and register 't'.
-     * if it's *not* marked for removal, it means that it was newly
-     added in the post-HUP torrc or that it's of higher priority, in
-     this case we ignore 't'. */
-  transport_t *t_tmp = transport_get_by_name(t->name);
-  if (t_tmp) { /* same name */
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&t->addr, &t_tmp->addr) && (t->port == t_tmp->port)) {
-      /* same name *and* addrport */
-      t_tmp->marked_for_removal = 0;
-      return 1;
-    } else { /* same name but different addrport */
-      char *new_transport_addr = tor_strdup(fmt_addr(&t->addr));
-      if (t_tmp->marked_for_removal) { /* marked for removal */
-        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "You tried to add transport '%s' at '%s:%u' "
-                   "but there was already a transport marked for deletion at "
-                   "'%s:%u'. We deleted the old transport and registered the "
-                   "new one.", t->name, new_transport_addr, t->port,
-                   fmt_addr(&t_tmp->addr), t_tmp->port);
-        smartlist_remove(transport_list, t_tmp);
-        transport_free(t_tmp);
-        tor_free(new_transport_addr);
-      } else { /* *not* marked for removal */
-        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "You tried to add transport '%s' at '%s:%u' "
-                   "but the same transport already exists at '%s:%u'. "
-                   "Skipping.", t->name, new_transport_addr, t->port,
-                   fmt_addr(&t_tmp->addr), t_tmp->port);
-        tor_free(new_transport_addr);
-        return -1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Add transport <b>t</b> to the internal list of pluggable
- *  transports.
- *  Returns 0 if the transport was added correctly, 1 if the same
- *  transport was already registered (in this case the caller must
- *  free the transport) and -1 if there was an error.  */
-int
-transport_add(transport_t *t)
-{
-  int r;
-  tor_assert(t);
-
-  r = transport_resolve_conflicts(t);
-
-  switch (r) {
-  case 0: /* should register transport */
-    if (!transport_list)
-      transport_list = smartlist_new();
-    smartlist_add(transport_list, t);
-    return 0;
-  default: /* let our caller know the return code */
-    return r;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Remember a new pluggable transport proxy at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>.
- *  <b>name</b> is set to the name of the protocol this proxy uses.
- *  <b>socks_ver</b> is set to the SOCKS version of the proxy. */
-int
-transport_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                          const char *name, int socks_ver)
-{
-  transport_t *t = transport_new(addr, port, name, socks_ver);
-
-  int r = transport_add(t);
-
-  switch (r) {
-  case -1:
-  default:
-    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Could not add transport %s at %s:%u. Skipping.",
-               t->name, fmt_addr(&t->addr), t->port);
-    transport_free(t);
-    return -1;
-  case 1:
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Succesfully registered transport %s at %s:%u.",
-             t->name, fmt_addr(&t->addr), t->port);
-     transport_free(t); /* falling */
-     return 0;
-  case 0:
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Succesfully registered transport %s at %s:%u.",
-             t->name, fmt_addr(&t->addr), t->port);
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Return a bridge pointer if <b>ri</b> is one of our known bridges
- * (either by comparing keys if possible, else by comparing addr/port).
- * Else return NULL. */
-static bridge_info_t *
-get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(const tor_addr_t *addr,
-                                          uint16_t port,
-                                          const char *digest)
-{
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    return NULL;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge)
-    {
-      if (tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) &&
-          !tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
-          bridge->port == port)
-        return bridge;
-      if (digest && tor_memeq(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
-        return bridge;
-    }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Wrapper around get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest() to look
- * it up via router descriptor <b>ri</b>. */
-static bridge_info_t *
-get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(const routerinfo_t *ri)
-{
-  tor_addr_port_t ap;
-
-  router_get_pref_orport(ri, &ap);
-  return get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(&ap.addr, ap.port,
-                                               ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if <b>ri</b> is one of our known bridges, else 0. */
-int
-routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(const routerinfo_t *ri)
-{
-  return get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(ri) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if <b>node</b> is one of our configured bridges, else 0. */
-int
-node_is_a_configured_bridge(const node_t *node)
-{
-  int retval = 0;               /* Negative.  */
-  smartlist_t *orports = NULL;
-
-  if (!node)
-    goto out;
-
-  orports = node_get_all_orports(node);
-  if (orports == NULL)
-    goto out;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(orports, tor_addr_port_t *, orport) {
-    if (get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(&orport->addr, orport->port,
-                                                  node->identity) != NULL) {
-      retval = 1;
-      goto out;
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(orport);
-
- out:
-  if (orports != NULL) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(orports, tor_addr_port_t *, p, tor_free(p));
-    smartlist_free(orports);
-    orports = NULL;
-  }
-  return retval;
-}
-
-/** We made a connection to a router at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>
- * without knowing its digest. Its digest turned out to be <b>digest</b>.
- * If it was a bridge, and we still don't know its digest, record it.
- */
-void
-learned_router_identity(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                        const char *digest)
-{
-  bridge_info_t *bridge =
-    get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(addr, port, digest);
-  if (bridge && tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity)) {
-    memcpy(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-    log_notice(LD_DIR, "Learned fingerprint %s for bridge %s:%d",
-               hex_str(digest, DIGEST_LEN), fmt_addr(addr), port);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Return true if <b>bridge</b> has the same identity digest as
- *  <b>digest</b>. If <b>digest</b> is NULL, it matches
- *  bridges with unspecified identity digests. */
-static int
-bridge_has_digest(const bridge_info_t *bridge, const char *digest)
-{
-  if (digest)
-    return tor_memeq(digest, bridge->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-  else
-    return tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity);
-}
-
-/** We are about to add a new bridge at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>, with optional
- * <b>digest</b> and <b>transport_name</b>. Mark for removal any previously
- * existing bridge with the same address and port, and warn the user as
- * appropriate.
- */
-static void
-bridge_resolve_conflicts(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                         const char *digest, const char *transport_name)
-{
-  /* Iterate the already-registered bridge list:
-
-     If you find a bridge with the same adress and port, mark it for
-     removal. It doesn't make sense to have two active bridges with
-     the same IP:PORT. If the bridge in question has a different
-     digest or transport than <b>digest</b>/<b>transport_name</b>,
-     it's probably a misconfiguration and we should warn the user.
-  */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
-    if (bridge->marked_for_removal)
-      continue;
-
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) && (bridge->port == port)) {
-
-      bridge->marked_for_removal = 1;
-
-      if (!bridge_has_digest(bridge, digest) ||
-          strcmp_opt(bridge->transport_name, transport_name)) {
-        /* warn the user */
-        char *bridge_description_new, *bridge_description_old;
-        tor_asprintf(&bridge_description_new, "%s:%u:%s:%s",
-                     fmt_addr(addr), port,
-                     digest ? hex_str(digest, DIGEST_LEN) : "",
-                     transport_name ? transport_name : "");
-        tor_asprintf(&bridge_description_old, "%s:%u:%s:%s",
-                     fmt_addr(&bridge->addr), bridge->port,
-                     tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) ?
-                     "" : hex_str(bridge->identity,DIGEST_LEN),
-                     bridge->transport_name ? bridge->transport_name : "");
-
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Tried to add bridge '%s', but we found a conflict"
-                 " with the already registered bridge '%s'. We will discard"
-                 " the old bridge and keep '%s'. If this is not what you"
-                 " wanted, please change your configuration file accordingly.",
-                 bridge_description_new, bridge_description_old,
-                 bridge_description_new);
-
-        tor_free(bridge_description_new);
-        tor_free(bridge_description_old);
-      }
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
-}
-
-/** Remember a new bridge at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>. If <b>digest</b>
- * is set, it tells us the identity key too.  If we already had the
- * bridge in our list, unmark it, and don't actually add anything new.
- * If <b>transport_name</b> is non-NULL - the bridge is associated with a
- * pluggable transport - we assign the transport to the bridge. */
-void
-bridge_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                       const char *digest, const char *transport_name)
-{
-  bridge_info_t *b;
-
-  bridge_resolve_conflicts(addr, port, digest, transport_name);
-
-  b = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(bridge_info_t));
-  tor_addr_copy(&b->addr, addr);
-  b->port = port;
-  if (digest)
-    memcpy(b->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-  if (transport_name)
-    b->transport_name = tor_strdup(transport_name);
-  b->fetch_status.schedule = DL_SCHED_BRIDGE;
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
-
-  smartlist_add(bridge_list, b);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>routerset</b> contains the bridge <b>bridge</b>. */
-static int
-routerset_contains_bridge(const routerset_t *routerset,
-                          const bridge_info_t *bridge)
-{
-  int result;
-  extend_info_t *extinfo;
-  tor_assert(bridge);
-  if (!routerset)
-    return 0;
-
-  extinfo = extend_info_alloc(
-         NULL, bridge->identity, NULL, &bridge->addr, bridge->port);
-  result = routerset_contains_extendinfo(routerset, extinfo);
-  extend_info_free(extinfo);
-  return result;
-}
-
-/** If <b>digest</b> is one of our known bridges, return it. */
-static bridge_info_t *
-find_bridge_by_digest(const char *digest)
-{
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge,
-    {
-      if (tor_memeq(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
-        return bridge;
-    });
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/* DOCDOC find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport */
-const char *
-find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
-{
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    return NULL;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, const bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) &&
-        (bridge->port == port))
-      return bridge->transport_name;
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
-
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** If <b>addr</b> and <b>port</b> match the address and port of a
- * bridge of ours that uses pluggable transports, place its transport
- * in <b>transport</b>.
- *
- * Return 0 on success (found a transport, or found a bridge with no
- * transport, or found no bridge); return -1 if we should be using a
- * transport, but the transport could not be found.
- */
-int
-find_transport_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                  const transport_t **transport)
-{
-  *transport = NULL;
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    return 0;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, const bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) &&
-        (bridge->port == port)) { /* bridge matched */
-      if (bridge->transport_name) { /* it also uses pluggable transports */
-        *transport = transport_get_by_name(bridge->transport_name);
-        if (*transport == NULL) { /* it uses pluggable transports, but
-                                     the transport could not be found! */
-          return -1;
-        }
-        return 0;
-      } else { /* bridge matched, but it doesn't use transports. */
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
-
-  *transport = NULL;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** We need to ask <b>bridge</b> for its server descriptor. */
-static void
-launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge_info_t *bridge)
-{
-  char *address;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-
-  if (connection_get_by_type_addr_port_purpose(
-      CONN_TYPE_DIR, &bridge->addr, bridge->port,
-      DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC))
-    return; /* it's already on the way */
-
-  if (routerset_contains_bridge(options->ExcludeNodes, bridge)) {
-    download_status_mark_impossible(&bridge->fetch_status);
-    log_warn(LD_APP, "Not using bridge at %s: it is in ExcludeNodes.",
-             safe_str_client(fmt_addr(&bridge->addr)));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  address = tor_dup_addr(&bridge->addr);
-
-  directory_initiate_command(address, &bridge->addr,
-                             bridge->port, 0,
-                             0, /* does not matter */
-                             1, bridge->identity,
-                             DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
-                             ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE,
-                             0, "authority.z", NULL, 0, 0);
-  tor_free(address);
-}
-
-/** Fetching the bridge descriptor from the bridge authority returned a
- * "not found". Fall back to trying a direct fetch. */
-void
-retry_bridge_descriptor_fetch_directly(const char *digest)
-{
-  bridge_info_t *bridge = find_bridge_by_digest(digest);
-  if (!bridge)
-    return; /* not found? oh well. */
-
-  launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge);
-}
-
-/** For each bridge in our list for which we don't currently have a
- * descriptor, fetch a new copy of its descriptor -- either directly
- * from the bridge or via a bridge authority. */
-void
-fetch_bridge_descriptors(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
-{
-  int num_bridge_auths = get_n_authorities(BRIDGE_DIRINFO);
-  int ask_bridge_directly;
-  int can_use_bridge_authority;
-
-  if (!bridge_list)
-    return;
-
-  /* If we still have unconfigured managed proxies, don't go and
-     connect to a bridge. */
-  if (pt_proxies_configuration_pending())
-    return;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge)
-    {
-      if (!download_status_is_ready(&bridge->fetch_status, now,
-                                    IMPOSSIBLE_TO_DOWNLOAD))
-        continue; /* don't bother, no need to retry yet */
-      if (routerset_contains_bridge(options->ExcludeNodes, bridge)) {
-        download_status_mark_impossible(&bridge->fetch_status);
-        log_warn(LD_APP, "Not using bridge at %s: it is in ExcludeNodes.",
-                 safe_str_client(fmt_addr(&bridge->addr)));
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      /* schedule another fetch as if this one will fail, in case it does */
-      download_status_failed(&bridge->fetch_status, 0);
-
-      can_use_bridge_authority = !tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) &&
-                                 num_bridge_auths;
-      ask_bridge_directly = !can_use_bridge_authority ||
-                            !options->UpdateBridgesFromAuthority;
-      log_debug(LD_DIR, "ask_bridge_directly=%d (%d, %d, %d)",
-                ask_bridge_directly, tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity),
-                !options->UpdateBridgesFromAuthority, !num_bridge_auths);
-
-      if (ask_bridge_directly &&
-          !fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(&bridge->addr, bridge->port)) {
-        log_notice(LD_DIR, "Bridge at '%s:%d' isn't reachable by our "
-                   "firewall policy. %s.", fmt_addr(&bridge->addr),
-                   bridge->port,
-                   can_use_bridge_authority ?
-                     "Asking bridge authority instead" : "Skipping");
-        if (can_use_bridge_authority)
-          ask_bridge_directly = 0;
-        else
-          continue;
-      }
-
-      if (ask_bridge_directly) {
-        /* we need to ask the bridge itself for its descriptor. */
-        launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge);
-      } else {
-        /* We have a digest and we want to ask an authority. We could
-         * combine all the requests into one, but that may give more
-         * hints to the bridge authority than we want to give. */
-        char resource[10 + HEX_DIGEST_LEN];
-        memcpy(resource, "fp/", 3);
-        base16_encode(resource+3, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1,
-                      bridge->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
-        memcpy(resource+3+HEX_DIGEST_LEN, ".z", 3);
-        log_info(LD_DIR, "Fetching bridge info '%s' from bridge authority.",
-                 resource);
-        directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
-                ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE, resource, 0);
-      }
-    }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
-}
-
-/** If our <b>bridge</b> is configured to be a different address than
- * the bridge gives in <b>node</b>, rewrite the routerinfo
- * we received to use the address we meant to use. Now we handle
- * multihomed bridges better.
- */
-static void
-rewrite_node_address_for_bridge(const bridge_info_t *bridge, node_t *node)
-{
-  /* XXXX move this function. */
-  /* XXXX overridden addresses should really live in the node_t, so that the
-   *   routerinfo_t and the microdesc_t can be immutable.  But we can only
-   *   do that safely if we know that no function that connects to an OR
-   *   does so through an address from any source other than node_get_addr().
-   */
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-
-  if (node->ri) {
-    routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, ri->addr);
-
-    if ((!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
-         bridge->port == ri->or_port) ||
-        (!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &ri->ipv6_addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
-         bridge->port == ri->ipv6_orport)) {
-      /* they match, so no need to do anything */
-    } else {
-      if (tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET) {
-        ri->addr = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&bridge->addr);
-        tor_free(ri->address);
-        ri->address = tor_dup_ip(ri->addr);
-        ri->or_port = bridge->port;
-        log_info(LD_DIR,
-                 "Adjusted bridge routerinfo for '%s' to match configured "
-                 "address %s:%d.",
-                 ri->nickname, ri->address, ri->or_port);
-      } else if (tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET6) {
-        tor_addr_copy(&ri->ipv6_addr, &bridge->addr);
-        ri->ipv6_orport = bridge->port;
-        log_info(LD_DIR,
-                 "Adjusted bridge routerinfo for '%s' to match configured "
-                 "address %s:%d.",
-                 ri->nickname, fmt_addr(&ri->ipv6_addr), ri->ipv6_orport);
-      } else {
-        log_err(LD_BUG, "Address family not supported: %d.",
-                tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Indicate that we prefer connecting to this bridge over the
-       protocol that the bridge address indicates.  Last bridge
-       descriptor handled wins.  */
-    ri->ipv6_preferred = tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET6;
-
-    /* XXXipv6 we lack support for falling back to another address for
-       the same relay, warn the user */
-    if (!tor_addr_is_null(&ri->ipv6_addr)) {
-      tor_addr_port_t ap;
-      router_get_pref_orport(ri, &ap);
-      log_notice(LD_CONFIG,
-                 "Bridge '%s' has both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address.  "
-                 "Will prefer using its %s address (%s:%d).",
-                 ri->nickname,
-                 ri->ipv6_preferred ? "IPv6" : "IPv4",
-                 fmt_addr(&ap.addr), ap.port);
-    }
-  }
-  if (node->rs) {
-    routerstatus_t *rs = node->rs;
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, rs->addr);
-
-    if (!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
-        bridge->port == rs->or_port) {
-      /* they match, so no need to do anything */
-    } else {
-      rs->addr = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&bridge->addr);
-      rs->or_port = bridge->port;
-      log_info(LD_DIR,
-               "Adjusted bridge routerstatus for '%s' to match "
-               "configured address %s:%d.",
-               rs->nickname, fmt_addr(&bridge->addr), rs->or_port);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/** We just learned a descriptor for a bridge. See if that
- * digest is in our entry guard list, and add it if not. */
-void
-learned_bridge_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri, int from_cache)
-{
-  tor_assert(ri);
-  tor_assert(ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE);
-  if (get_options()->UseBridges) {
-    int first = !any_bridge_descriptors_known();
-    bridge_info_t *bridge = get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(ri);
-    time_t now = time(NULL);
-    router_set_status(ri->cache_info.identity_digest, 1);
-
-    if (bridge) { /* if we actually want to use this one */
-      node_t *node;
-      /* it's here; schedule its re-fetch for a long time from now. */
-      if (!from_cache)
-        download_status_reset(&bridge->fetch_status);
-
-      node = node_get_mutable_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
-      tor_assert(node);
-      rewrite_node_address_for_bridge(bridge, node);
-      add_an_entry_guard(node, 1, 1);
-
-      log_notice(LD_DIR, "new bridge descriptor '%s' (%s): %s", ri->nickname,
-                 from_cache ? "cached" : "fresh", router_describe(ri));
-      /* set entry->made_contact so if it goes down we don't drop it from
-       * our entry node list */
-      entry_guard_register_connect_status(ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
-                                          1, 0, now);
-      if (first)
-        routerlist_retry_directory_downloads(now);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if any of our entry guards have descriptors that
- * are marked with purpose 'bridge' and are running. Else return 0.
- *
- * We use this function to decide if we're ready to start building
- * circuits through our bridges, or if we need to wait until the
- * directory "server/authority" requests finish. */
-int
-any_bridge_descriptors_known(void)
-{
-  tor_assert(get_options()->UseBridges);
-  return choose_random_entry(NULL)!=NULL ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if there are any directory conns fetching bridge descriptors
- * that aren't marked for close. We use this to guess if we should tell
- * the controller that we have a problem. */
-int
-any_pending_bridge_descriptor_fetches(void)
-{
-  smartlist_t *conns = get_connection_array();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
-    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR &&
-        conn->purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC &&
-        TO_DIR_CONN(conn)->router_purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE &&
-        !conn->marked_for_close &&
-        conn->linked &&
-        conn->linked_conn && !conn->linked_conn->marked_for_close) {
-      log_debug(LD_DIR, "found one: %s", conn->address);
-      return 1;
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if we have at least one descriptor for an entry guard
- * (bridge or member of EntryNodes) and all descriptors we know are
- * down. Else return 0. If <b>act</b> is 1, then mark the down guards
- * up; else just observe and report. */
-static int
-entries_retry_helper(const or_options_t *options, int act)
-{
-  const node_t *node;
-  int any_known = 0;
-  int any_running = 0;
-  int need_bridges = options->UseBridges != 0;
-  if (!entry_guards)
-    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-      node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
-      if (node && node_has_descriptor(node) &&
-          node_is_bridge(node) == need_bridges) {
-        any_known = 1;
-        if (node->is_running)
-          any_running = 1; /* some entry is both known and running */
-        else if (act) {
-          /* Mark all current connections to this OR as unhealthy, since
-           * otherwise there could be one that started 30 seconds
-           * ago, and in 30 seconds it will time out, causing us to mark
-           * the node down and undermine the retry attempt. We mark even
-           * the established conns, since if the network just came back
-           * we'll want to attach circuits to fresh conns. */
-          connection_or_set_bad_connections(node->identity, 1);
-
-          /* mark this entry node for retry */
-          router_set_status(node->identity, 1);
-          e->can_retry = 1;
-          e->bad_since = 0;
-        }
-      }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-  log_debug(LD_DIR, "%d: any_known %d, any_running %d",
-            act, any_known, any_running);
-  return any_known && !any_running;
-}
-
-/** Do we know any descriptors for our bridges / entrynodes, and are
- * all the ones we have descriptors for down? */
-int
-entries_known_but_down(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  tor_assert(entry_list_is_constrained(options));
-  return entries_retry_helper(options, 0);
-}
-
-/** Mark all down known bridges / entrynodes up. */
-void
-entries_retry_all(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  tor_assert(entry_list_is_constrained(options));
-  entries_retry_helper(options, 1);
-}
-
-/** Return true if we've ever had a bridge running a Tor version that can't
- * provide microdescriptors to us. In that case fall back to asking for
- * full descriptors. Eventually all bridges will support microdescriptors
- * and we can take this check out; see bug 4013. */
-int
-any_bridges_dont_support_microdescriptors(void)
-{
-  const node_t *node;
-  static int ever_answered_yes = 0;
-  if (!get_options()->UseBridges || !entry_guards)
-    return 0;
-  if (ever_answered_yes)
-    return 1; /* if we ever answer 'yes', always answer 'yes' */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
-    node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
-    if (node && node->ri &&
-        node_is_bridge(node) && node_is_a_configured_bridge(node) &&
-        !tor_version_supports_microdescriptors(node->ri->platform)) {
-      /* This is one of our current bridges, and we know enough about
-       * it to know that it won't be able to answer our microdescriptor
-       * questions. */
-      ever_answered_yes = 1;
-      return 1;
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Release all storage held by the list of entry guards and related
- * memory structs. */
-void
-entry_guards_free_all(void)
-{
-  if (entry_guards) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
-                      entry_guard_free(e));
-    smartlist_free(entry_guards);
-    entry_guards = NULL;
-  }
-  clear_bridge_list();
-  clear_transport_list();
-  smartlist_free(bridge_list);
-  smartlist_free(transport_list);
-  bridge_list = NULL;
-  transport_list = NULL;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/or/circuitbuild.h b/src/or/circuitbuild.h
index fc6ca65fca..a3091707e8 100644
--- a/src/or/circuitbuild.h
+++ b/src/or/circuitbuild.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,36 +9,20 @@
  * \brief Header file for circuitbuild.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H
-#define _TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H
-
-/** Represents a pluggable transport proxy used by a bridge. */
-typedef struct {
-  /** SOCKS version: One of PROXY_SOCKS4, PROXY_SOCKS5. */
-  int socks_version;
-  /** Name of pluggable transport protocol */
-  char *name;
-  /** Address of proxy */
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-  /** Port of proxy */
-  uint16_t port;
-  /** Boolean: We are re-parsing our transport list, and we are going to remove
-   * this one if we don't find it in the list of configured transports. */
-  unsigned marked_for_removal : 1;
-} transport_t;
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H
 
 char *circuit_list_path(origin_circuit_t *circ, int verbose);
 char *circuit_list_path_for_controller(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 void circuit_log_path(int severity, unsigned int domain,
                       origin_circuit_t *circ);
 void circuit_rep_hist_note_result(origin_circuit_t *circ);
-int circuit_build_times_disabled(void);
 origin_circuit_t *origin_circuit_init(uint8_t purpose, int flags);
 origin_circuit_t *circuit_establish_circuit(uint8_t purpose,
                                             extend_info_t *exit,
                                             int flags);
 int circuit_handle_first_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ);
-void circuit_n_conn_done(or_connection_t *or_conn, int status);
+void circuit_n_chan_done(channel_t *chan, int status);
 int inform_testing_reachability(void);
 int circuit_timeout_want_to_count_circ(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 int circuit_send_next_onion_skin(origin_circuit_t *circ);
@@ -46,127 +30,43 @@ void circuit_note_clock_jumped(int seconds_elapsed);
 int circuit_extend(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ);
 int circuit_init_cpath_crypto(crypt_path_t *cpath, const char *key_data,
                               int reverse);
-int circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type,
-                             const uint8_t *reply);
-int circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer);
-int onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ, uint8_t cell_type,
-                     const char *payload, const char *keys);
+struct created_cell_t;
+int circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circuit_t *circ,
+                             const struct created_cell_t *created_cell);
+int circuit_truncated(origin_circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer,
+                      int reason);
+int onionskin_answer(or_circuit_t *circ,
+                     const struct created_cell_t *created_cell,
+                     const char *keys,
+                     const uint8_t *rend_circ_nonce);
 int circuit_all_predicted_ports_handled(time_t now, int *need_uptime,
                                         int *need_capacity);
 
 int circuit_append_new_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *info);
 int circuit_extend_to_new_exit(origin_circuit_t *circ, extend_info_t *info);
 void onion_append_to_cpath(crypt_path_t **head_ptr, crypt_path_t *new_hop);
-extend_info_t *extend_info_alloc(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
-                                 crypto_pk_t *onion_key,
-                                 const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
-extend_info_t *extend_info_from_router(const routerinfo_t *r,
-                                       int for_direct_connect);
-extend_info_t *extend_info_from_node(const node_t *node,
-                                     int for_direct_connect);
+extend_info_t *extend_info_new(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
+                               crypto_pk_t *onion_key,
+                               const curve25519_public_key_t *curve25519_key,
+                               const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
+extend_info_t *extend_info_from_node(const node_t *r, int for_direct_connect);
 extend_info_t *extend_info_dup(extend_info_t *info);
 void extend_info_free(extend_info_t *info);
 const node_t *build_state_get_exit_node(cpath_build_state_t *state);
 const char *build_state_get_exit_nickname(cpath_build_state_t *state);
 
-void entry_guards_compute_status(const or_options_t *options, time_t now);
-int entry_guard_register_connect_status(const char *digest, int succeeded,
-                                        int mark_relay_status, time_t now);
-void entry_nodes_should_be_added(void);
-int entry_list_is_constrained(const or_options_t *options);
-const node_t *choose_random_entry(cpath_build_state_t *state);
-int entry_guards_parse_state(or_state_t *state, int set, char **msg);
-void entry_guards_update_state(or_state_t *state);
-int getinfo_helper_entry_guards(control_connection_t *conn,
-                                const char *question, char **answer,
-                                const char **errmsg);
-
-void mark_bridge_list(void);
-void sweep_bridge_list(void);
-void mark_transport_list(void);
-void sweep_transport_list(void);
-
-int routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(const routerinfo_t *ri);
-int node_is_a_configured_bridge(const node_t *node);
-void learned_router_identity(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                             const char *digest);
-void bridge_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                            const char *digest,
-                            const char *transport_name);
-void retry_bridge_descriptor_fetch_directly(const char *digest);
-void fetch_bridge_descriptors(const or_options_t *options, time_t now);
-void learned_bridge_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri, int from_cache);
-int any_bridge_descriptors_known(void);
-int any_pending_bridge_descriptor_fetches(void);
-int entries_known_but_down(const or_options_t *options);
-void entries_retry_all(const or_options_t *options);
-
-int any_bridges_dont_support_microdescriptors(void);
-
-void entry_guards_free_all(void);
-
-extern circuit_build_times_t circ_times;
-int circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-void circuit_build_times_update_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                      or_state_t *state);
-int circuit_build_times_parse_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                    or_state_t *state);
-void circuit_build_times_count_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                       int did_onehop);
-int circuit_build_times_count_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                    int did_onehop, time_t start_time);
-void circuit_build_times_set_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-int circuit_build_times_add_time(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                 build_time_t time);
-int circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-
-int circuit_build_times_needs_circuits_now(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-void circuit_build_times_init(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-void circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-void circuit_build_times_new_consensus_params(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                              networkstatus_t *ns);
-double circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-double circuit_build_times_close_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-
-#ifdef CIRCUIT_PRIVATE
-double circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                             double quantile);
-build_time_t circuit_build_times_generate_sample(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                                 double q_lo, double q_hi);
-void circuit_build_times_initial_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
-                                       double quantile, double time_ms);
-int circuit_build_times_update_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-double circuit_build_times_cdf(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, double x);
-void circuitbuild_running_unit_tests(void);
-void circuit_build_times_reset(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-
-/* Network liveness functions */
-int circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-#endif
-
-/* Network liveness functions */
-void circuit_build_times_network_is_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-int circuit_build_times_network_check_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-void circuit_build_times_network_circ_success(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
-
-/* DOCDOC circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale */
-int circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(networkstatus_t *ns);
-
-void clear_transport_list(void);
-int transport_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                               const char *name, int socks_ver);
-int transport_add(transport_t *t);
-void transport_free(transport_t *transport);
-transport_t *transport_new(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                      const char *name, int socks_ver);
-
-/* DOCDOC find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport */
-const char *find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr,
-                                                   uint16_t port);
-
-int find_transport_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                      const transport_t **transport);
-transport_t *transport_get_by_name(const char *name);
+const node_t *choose_good_entry_server(uint8_t purpose,
+                                       cpath_build_state_t *state);
+double pathbias_get_extreme_rate(const or_options_t *options);
+double pathbias_get_extreme_use_rate(const or_options_t *options);
+int pathbias_get_dropguards(const or_options_t *options);
+void pathbias_count_timeout(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+int pathbias_check_close(origin_circuit_t *circ, int reason);
+int pathbias_check_probe_response(circuit_t *circ, const cell_t *cell);
+void pathbias_count_use_attempt(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+void pathbias_mark_use_success(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+void pathbias_mark_use_rollback(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+const char *pathbias_state_to_string(path_state_t state);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/circuitlist.c b/src/or/circuitlist.c
index 6250c11d2e..c7b15e40ba 100644
--- a/src/or/circuitlist.c
+++ b/src/or/circuitlist.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@
  **/
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
@@ -21,11 +23,14 @@
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "onion_fast.h"
+#include "policies.h"
 #include "relay.h"
 #include "rendclient.h"
 #include "rendcommon.h"
 #include "rephist.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 #include "ht.h"
 
 /********* START VARIABLES **********/
@@ -33,8 +38,8 @@
 /** A global list of all circuits at this hop. */
 circuit_t *global_circuitlist=NULL;
 
-/** A list of all the circuits in CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT. */
-static smartlist_t *circuits_pending_or_conns=NULL;
+/** A list of all the circuits in CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT. */
+static smartlist_t *circuits_pending_chans = NULL;
 
 static void circuit_free(circuit_t *circ);
 static void circuit_free_cpath(crypt_path_t *cpath);
@@ -43,154 +48,190 @@ static void cpath_ref_decref(crypt_path_reference_t *cpath_ref);
 
 /********* END VARIABLES ************/
 
-/** A map from OR connection and circuit ID to circuit.  (Lookup performance is
+/** A map from channel and circuit ID to circuit.  (Lookup performance is
  * very important here, since we need to do it every time a cell arrives.) */
-typedef struct orconn_circid_circuit_map_t {
-  HT_ENTRY(orconn_circid_circuit_map_t) node;
-  or_connection_t *or_conn;
+typedef struct chan_circid_circuit_map_t {
+  HT_ENTRY(chan_circid_circuit_map_t) node;
+  channel_t *chan;
   circid_t circ_id;
   circuit_t *circuit;
-} orconn_circid_circuit_map_t;
+} chan_circid_circuit_map_t;
 
-/** Helper for hash tables: compare the OR connection and circuit ID for a and
+/** Helper for hash tables: compare the channel and circuit ID for a and
  * b, and return less than, equal to, or greater than zero appropriately.
  */
 static INLINE int
-_orconn_circid_entries_eq(orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *a,
-                          orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *b)
+chan_circid_entries_eq_(chan_circid_circuit_map_t *a,
+                        chan_circid_circuit_map_t *b)
 {
-  return a->or_conn == b->or_conn && a->circ_id == b->circ_id;
+  return a->chan == b->chan && a->circ_id == b->circ_id;
 }
 
 /** Helper: return a hash based on circuit ID and the pointer value of
- * or_conn in <b>a</b>. */
+ * chan in <b>a</b>. */
 static INLINE unsigned int
-_orconn_circid_entry_hash(orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *a)
+chan_circid_entry_hash_(chan_circid_circuit_map_t *a)
 {
-  return (((unsigned)a->circ_id)<<8) ^ (unsigned)(uintptr_t)(a->or_conn);
+  return ((unsigned)a->circ_id) ^ (unsigned)(uintptr_t)(a->chan);
 }
 
-/** Map from [orconn,circid] to circuit. */
-static HT_HEAD(orconn_circid_map, orconn_circid_circuit_map_t)
-     orconn_circid_circuit_map = HT_INITIALIZER();
-HT_PROTOTYPE(orconn_circid_map, orconn_circid_circuit_map_t, node,
-             _orconn_circid_entry_hash, _orconn_circid_entries_eq)
-HT_GENERATE(orconn_circid_map, orconn_circid_circuit_map_t, node,
-            _orconn_circid_entry_hash, _orconn_circid_entries_eq, 0.6,
+/** Map from [chan,circid] to circuit. */
+static HT_HEAD(chan_circid_map, chan_circid_circuit_map_t)
+     chan_circid_map = HT_INITIALIZER();
+HT_PROTOTYPE(chan_circid_map, chan_circid_circuit_map_t, node,
+             chan_circid_entry_hash_, chan_circid_entries_eq_)
+HT_GENERATE(chan_circid_map, chan_circid_circuit_map_t, node,
+            chan_circid_entry_hash_, chan_circid_entries_eq_, 0.6,
             malloc, realloc, free)
 
-/** The most recently returned entry from circuit_get_by_circid_orconn;
+/** The most recently returned entry from circuit_get_by_circid_chan;
  * used to improve performance when many cells arrive in a row from the
  * same circuit.
  */
-orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *_last_circid_orconn_ent = NULL;
+chan_circid_circuit_map_t *_last_circid_chan_ent = NULL;
 
-/** Implementation helper for circuit_set_{p,n}_circid_orconn: A circuit ID
- * and/or or_connection for circ has just changed from <b>old_conn, old_id</b>
- * to <b>conn, id</b>.  Adjust the conn,circid map as appropriate, removing
+/** Implementation helper for circuit_set_{p,n}_circid_channel: A circuit ID
+ * and/or channel for circ has just changed from <b>old_chan, old_id</b>
+ * to <b>chan, id</b>.  Adjust the chan,circid map as appropriate, removing
  * the old entry (if any) and adding a new one. */
 static void
-circuit_set_circid_orconn_helper(circuit_t *circ, int direction,
-                                 circid_t id,
-                                 or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_set_circid_chan_helper(circuit_t *circ, int direction,
+                               circid_t id,
+                               channel_t *chan)
 {
-  orconn_circid_circuit_map_t search;
-  orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *found;
-  or_connection_t *old_conn, **conn_ptr;
+  chan_circid_circuit_map_t search;
+  chan_circid_circuit_map_t *found;
+  channel_t *old_chan, **chan_ptr;
   circid_t old_id, *circid_ptr;
-  int was_active, make_active;
+  int make_active, attached = 0;
 
   if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
-    conn_ptr = &circ->n_conn;
+    chan_ptr = &circ->n_chan;
     circid_ptr = &circ->n_circ_id;
-    was_active = circ->next_active_on_n_conn != NULL;
-    make_active = circ->n_conn_cells.n > 0;
+    make_active = circ->n_chan_cells.n > 0;
   } else {
     or_circuit_t *c = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    conn_ptr = &c->p_conn;
+    chan_ptr = &c->p_chan;
     circid_ptr = &c->p_circ_id;
-    was_active = c->next_active_on_p_conn != NULL;
-    make_active = c->p_conn_cells.n > 0;
+    make_active = c->p_chan_cells.n > 0;
   }
-  old_conn = *conn_ptr;
+  old_chan = *chan_ptr;
   old_id = *circid_ptr;
 
-  if (id == old_id && conn == old_conn)
+  if (id == old_id && chan == old_chan)
     return;
 
-  if (_last_circid_orconn_ent &&
-      ((old_id == _last_circid_orconn_ent->circ_id &&
-        old_conn == _last_circid_orconn_ent->or_conn) ||
-       (id == _last_circid_orconn_ent->circ_id &&
-        conn == _last_circid_orconn_ent->or_conn))) {
-    _last_circid_orconn_ent = NULL;
+  if (_last_circid_chan_ent &&
+      ((old_id == _last_circid_chan_ent->circ_id &&
+        old_chan == _last_circid_chan_ent->chan) ||
+       (id == _last_circid_chan_ent->circ_id &&
+        chan == _last_circid_chan_ent->chan))) {
+    _last_circid_chan_ent = NULL;
   }
 
-  if (old_conn) { /* we may need to remove it from the conn-circid map */
-    tor_assert(old_conn->_base.magic == OR_CONNECTION_MAGIC);
+  if (old_chan) {
+    /*
+     * If we're changing channels or ID and had an old channel and a non
+     * zero old ID and weren't marked for close (i.e., we should have been
+     * attached), detach the circuit. ID changes require this because
+     * circuitmux hashes on (channel_id, circuit_id).
+     */
+    if (old_id != 0 && (old_chan != chan || old_id != id) &&
+        !(circ->marked_for_close)) {
+      tor_assert(old_chan->cmux);
+      circuitmux_detach_circuit(old_chan->cmux, circ);
+    }
+
+    /* we may need to remove it from the conn-circid map */
     search.circ_id = old_id;
-    search.or_conn = old_conn;
-    found = HT_REMOVE(orconn_circid_map, &orconn_circid_circuit_map, &search);
+    search.chan = old_chan;
+    found = HT_REMOVE(chan_circid_map, &chan_circid_map, &search);
     if (found) {
       tor_free(found);
-      --old_conn->n_circuits;
+      if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+        /* One fewer circuits use old_chan as n_chan */
+        --(old_chan->num_n_circuits);
+      } else {
+        /* One fewer circuits use old_chan as p_chan */
+        --(old_chan->num_p_circuits);
+      }
     }
-    if (was_active && old_conn != conn)
-      make_circuit_inactive_on_conn(circ,old_conn);
   }
 
   /* Change the values only after we have possibly made the circuit inactive
-   * on the previous conn. */
-  *conn_ptr = conn;
+   * on the previous chan. */
+  *chan_ptr = chan;
   *circid_ptr = id;
 
-  if (conn == NULL)
+  if (chan == NULL)
     return;
 
   /* now add the new one to the conn-circid map */
   search.circ_id = id;
-  search.or_conn = conn;
-  found = HT_FIND(orconn_circid_map, &orconn_circid_circuit_map, &search);
+  search.chan = chan;
+  found = HT_FIND(chan_circid_map, &chan_circid_map, &search);
   if (found) {
     found->circuit = circ;
   } else {
-    found = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(orconn_circid_circuit_map_t));
+    found = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(chan_circid_circuit_map_t));
     found->circ_id = id;
-    found->or_conn = conn;
+    found->chan = chan;
     found->circuit = circ;
-    HT_INSERT(orconn_circid_map, &orconn_circid_circuit_map, found);
+    HT_INSERT(chan_circid_map, &chan_circid_map, found);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Attach to the circuitmux if we're changing channels or IDs and
+   * have a new channel and ID to use and the circuit is not marked for
+   * close.
+   */
+  if (chan && id != 0 && (old_chan != chan || old_id != id) &&
+      !(circ->marked_for_close)) {
+    tor_assert(chan->cmux);
+    circuitmux_attach_circuit(chan->cmux, circ, direction);
+    attached = 1;
   }
-  if (make_active && old_conn != conn)
-    make_circuit_active_on_conn(circ,conn);
 
-  ++conn->n_circuits;
+  /*
+   * This is a no-op if we have no cells, but if we do it marks us active to
+   * the circuitmux
+   */
+  if (make_active && attached)
+    update_circuit_on_cmux(circ, direction);
+
+  /* Adjust circuit counts on new channel */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    ++chan->num_n_circuits;
+  } else {
+    ++chan->num_p_circuits;
+  }
 }
 
 /** Set the p_conn field of a circuit <b>circ</b>, along
  * with the corresponding circuit ID, and add the circuit as appropriate
- * to the (orconn,id)-\>circuit map. */
+ * to the (chan,id)-\>circuit map. */
 void
-circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(or_circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
-                            or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_set_p_circid_chan(or_circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
+                          channel_t *chan)
 {
-  circuit_set_circid_orconn_helper(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CELL_DIRECTION_IN,
-                                   id, conn);
+  circuit_set_circid_chan_helper(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CELL_DIRECTION_IN,
+                                 id, chan);
 
-  if (conn)
-    tor_assert(bool_eq(circ->p_conn_cells.n, circ->next_active_on_p_conn));
+  if (chan)
+    tor_assert(bool_eq(circ->p_chan_cells.n, circ->next_active_on_p_chan));
 }
 
 /** Set the n_conn field of a circuit <b>circ</b>, along
  * with the corresponding circuit ID, and add the circuit as appropriate
- * to the (orconn,id)-\>circuit map. */
+ * to the (chan,id)-\>circuit map. */
 void
-circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
-                            or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
+                          channel_t *chan)
 {
-  circuit_set_circid_orconn_helper(circ, CELL_DIRECTION_OUT, id, conn);
+  circuit_set_circid_chan_helper(circ, CELL_DIRECTION_OUT, id, chan);
 
-  if (conn)
-    tor_assert(bool_eq(circ->n_conn_cells.n, circ->next_active_on_n_conn));
+  if (chan)
+    tor_assert(bool_eq(circ->n_chan_cells.n, circ->next_active_on_n_chan));
 }
 
 /** Change the state of <b>circ</b> to <b>state</b>, adding it to or removing
@@ -201,18 +242,18 @@ circuit_set_state(circuit_t *circ, uint8_t state)
   tor_assert(circ);
   if (state == circ->state)
     return;
-  if (!circuits_pending_or_conns)
-    circuits_pending_or_conns = smartlist_new();
-  if (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT) {
+  if (!circuits_pending_chans)
+    circuits_pending_chans = smartlist_new();
+  if (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT) {
     /* remove from waiting-circuit list. */
-    smartlist_remove(circuits_pending_or_conns, circ);
+    smartlist_remove(circuits_pending_chans, circ);
   }
-  if (state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT) {
+  if (state == CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT) {
     /* add to waiting-circuit list. */
-    smartlist_add(circuits_pending_or_conns, circ);
+    smartlist_add(circuits_pending_chans, circ);
   }
   if (state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
-    tor_assert(!circ->n_conn_onionskin);
+    tor_assert(!circ->n_chan_create_cell);
   circ->state = state;
 }
 
@@ -231,51 +272,53 @@ circuit_add(circuit_t *circ)
   }
 }
 
-/** Append to <b>out</b> all circuits in state OR_WAIT waiting for
+/** Append to <b>out</b> all circuits in state CHAN_WAIT waiting for
  * the given connection. */
 void
-circuit_get_all_pending_on_or_conn(smartlist_t *out, or_connection_t *or_conn)
+circuit_get_all_pending_on_channel(smartlist_t *out, channel_t *chan)
 {
   tor_assert(out);
-  tor_assert(or_conn);
+  tor_assert(chan);
 
-  if (!circuits_pending_or_conns)
+  if (!circuits_pending_chans)
     return;
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(circuits_pending_or_conns, circuit_t *, circ) {
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(circuits_pending_chans, circuit_t *, circ) {
     if (circ->marked_for_close)
       continue;
     if (!circ->n_hop)
       continue;
-    tor_assert(circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT);
+    tor_assert(circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT);
     if (tor_digest_is_zero(circ->n_hop->identity_digest)) {
       /* Look at addr/port. This is an unkeyed connection. */
-      if (!tor_addr_eq(&circ->n_hop->addr, &or_conn->_base.addr) ||
-          circ->n_hop->port != or_conn->_base.port)
+      if (!channel_matches_extend_info(chan, circ->n_hop))
         continue;
     } else {
       /* We expected a key. See if it's the right one. */
-      if (tor_memneq(or_conn->identity_digest,
-                 circ->n_hop->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+      if (tor_memneq(chan->identity_digest,
+                     circ->n_hop->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN))
         continue;
     }
     smartlist_add(out, circ);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(circ);
 }
 
-/** Return the number of circuits in state OR_WAIT, waiting for the given
- * connection. */
+/** Return the number of circuits in state CHAN_WAIT, waiting for the given
+ * channel. */
 int
-circuit_count_pending_on_or_conn(or_connection_t *or_conn)
+circuit_count_pending_on_channel(channel_t *chan)
 {
   int cnt;
   smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
-  circuit_get_all_pending_on_or_conn(sl, or_conn);
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  circuit_get_all_pending_on_channel(sl, chan);
   cnt = smartlist_len(sl);
   smartlist_free(sl);
   log_debug(LD_CIRC,"or_conn to %s at %s, %d pending circs",
-            or_conn->nickname ? or_conn->nickname : "NULL",
-            or_conn->_base.address,
+            chan->nickname ? chan->nickname : "NULL",
+            channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan),
             cnt);
   return cnt;
 }
@@ -310,7 +353,7 @@ circuit_close_all_marked(void)
 
 /** Return the head of the global linked list of circuits. */
 circuit_t *
-_circuit_get_global_list(void)
+circuit_get_global_list_(void)
 {
   return global_circuitlist;
 }
@@ -323,7 +366,7 @@ circuit_state_to_string(int state)
   switch (state) {
     case CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING: return "doing handshakes";
     case CIRCUIT_STATE_ONIONSKIN_PENDING: return "processing the onion";
-    case CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT: return "connecting to server";
+    case CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT: return "connecting to server";
     case CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN: return "open";
     default:
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unknown circuit state %d", state);
@@ -372,6 +415,8 @@ circuit_purpose_to_controller_string(uint8_t purpose)
       return "MEASURE_TIMEOUT";
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER:
       return "CONTROLLER";
+    case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING:
+      return "PATH_BIAS_TESTING";
 
     default:
       tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "UNKNOWN_%d", (int)purpose);
@@ -399,6 +444,7 @@ circuit_purpose_to_controller_hs_state_string(uint8_t purpose)
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT:
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING:
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER:
+    case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING:
       return NULL;
 
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_INTRO_POINT:
@@ -486,6 +532,9 @@ circuit_purpose_to_string(uint8_t purpose)
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER:
       return "Circuit made by controller";
 
+    case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING:
+      return "Path-bias testing circuit";
+
     default:
       tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "UNKNOWN_%d", (int)purpose);
       return buf;
@@ -514,15 +563,14 @@ init_circuit_base(circuit_t *circ)
 {
   tor_gettimeofday(&circ->timestamp_created);
 
+  // Gets reset when we send CREATE_FAST.
+  // circuit_expire_building() expects these to be equal
+  // until the orconn is built.
+  circ->timestamp_began = circ->timestamp_created;
+
   circ->package_window = circuit_initial_package_window();
   circ->deliver_window = CIRCWINDOW_START;
 
-  /* Initialize the cell_ewma_t structure */
-  circ->n_cell_ewma.last_adjusted_tick = cell_ewma_get_tick();
-  circ->n_cell_ewma.cell_count = 0.0;
-  circ->n_cell_ewma.heap_index = -1;
-  circ->n_cell_ewma.is_for_p_conn = 0;
-
   circuit_add(circ);
 }
 
@@ -538,7 +586,7 @@ origin_circuit_new(void)
   static uint32_t n_circuits_allocated = 1;
 
   circ = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(origin_circuit_t));
-  circ->_base.magic = ORIGIN_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
+  circ->base_.magic = ORIGIN_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
 
   circ->next_stream_id = crypto_rand_int(1<<16);
   circ->global_identifier = n_circuits_allocated++;
@@ -555,31 +603,21 @@ origin_circuit_new(void)
 /** Allocate a new or_circuit_t, connected to <b>p_conn</b> as
  * <b>p_circ_id</b>.  If <b>p_conn</b> is NULL, the circuit is unattached. */
 or_circuit_t *
-or_circuit_new(circid_t p_circ_id, or_connection_t *p_conn)
+or_circuit_new(circid_t p_circ_id, channel_t *p_chan)
 {
   /* CircIDs */
   or_circuit_t *circ;
 
   circ = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_circuit_t));
-  circ->_base.magic = OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
+  circ->base_.magic = OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
 
-  if (p_conn)
-    circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(circ, p_circ_id, p_conn);
+  if (p_chan)
+    circuit_set_p_circid_chan(circ, p_circ_id, p_chan);
 
   circ->remaining_relay_early_cells = MAX_RELAY_EARLY_CELLS_PER_CIRCUIT;
 
   init_circuit_base(TO_CIRCUIT(circ));
 
-  /* Initialize the cell_ewma_t structure */
-
-  /* Initialize the cell counts to 0 */
-  circ->p_cell_ewma.cell_count = 0.0;
-  circ->p_cell_ewma.last_adjusted_tick = cell_ewma_get_tick();
-  circ->p_cell_ewma.is_for_p_conn = 1;
-
-  /* It's not in any heap yet. */
-  circ->p_cell_ewma.heap_index = -1;
-
   return circ;
 }
 
@@ -619,6 +657,7 @@ circuit_free(circuit_t *circ)
       memwipe(ocirc->socks_password, 0x06, ocirc->socks_password_len);
       tor_free(ocirc->socks_password);
     }
+    addr_policy_list_free(ocirc->prepend_policy);
   } else {
     or_circuit_t *ocirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
     /* Remember cell statistics for this circuit before deallocating. */
@@ -635,27 +674,27 @@ circuit_free(circuit_t *circ)
 
     if (ocirc->rend_splice) {
       or_circuit_t *other = ocirc->rend_splice;
-      tor_assert(other->_base.magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC);
+      tor_assert(other->base_.magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC);
       other->rend_splice = NULL;
     }
 
     /* remove from map. */
-    circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(ocirc, 0, NULL);
+    circuit_set_p_circid_chan(ocirc, 0, NULL);
 
     /* Clear cell queue _after_ removing it from the map.  Otherwise our
      * "active" checks will be violated. */
-    cell_queue_clear(&ocirc->p_conn_cells);
+    cell_queue_clear(&ocirc->p_chan_cells);
   }
 
   extend_info_free(circ->n_hop);
-  tor_free(circ->n_conn_onionskin);
+  tor_free(circ->n_chan_create_cell);
 
   /* Remove from map. */
-  circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circ, 0, NULL);
+  circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circ, 0, NULL);
 
   /* Clear cell queue _after_ removing it from the map.  Otherwise our
    * "active" checks will be violated. */
-  cell_queue_clear(&circ->n_conn_cells);
+  cell_queue_clear(&circ->n_chan_cells);
 
   memwipe(mem, 0xAA, memlen); /* poison memory */
   tor_free(mem);
@@ -670,7 +709,7 @@ circuit_free_cpath(crypt_path_t *cpath)
   if (!cpath)
     return;
 
-  /* it's a doubly linked list, so we have to notice when we've
+  /* it's a circular list, so we have to notice when we've
    * gone through it once. */
   while (cpath->next && cpath->next != head) {
     victim = cpath;
@@ -681,6 +720,14 @@ circuit_free_cpath(crypt_path_t *cpath)
   circuit_free_cpath_node(cpath);
 }
 
+/** Remove all the items in the cpath on <b>circ</b>.*/
+void
+circuit_clear_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  circuit_free_cpath(circ->cpath);
+  circ->cpath = NULL;
+}
+
 /** Release all storage held by circuits. */
 void
 circuit_free_all(void)
@@ -701,10 +748,10 @@ circuit_free_all(void)
     global_circuitlist = next;
   }
 
-  smartlist_free(circuits_pending_or_conns);
-  circuits_pending_or_conns = NULL;
+  smartlist_free(circuits_pending_chans);
+  circuits_pending_chans = NULL;
 
-  HT_CLEAR(orconn_circid_map, &orconn_circid_circuit_map);
+  HT_CLEAR(chan_circid_map, &chan_circid_map);
 }
 
 /** Deallocate space associated with the cpath node <b>victim</b>. */
@@ -718,7 +765,8 @@ circuit_free_cpath_node(crypt_path_t *victim)
   crypto_cipher_free(victim->b_crypto);
   crypto_digest_free(victim->f_digest);
   crypto_digest_free(victim->b_digest);
-  crypto_dh_free(victim->dh_handshake_state);
+  onion_handshake_state_release(&victim->handshake_state);
+  crypto_dh_free(victim->rend_dh_handshake_state);
   extend_info_free(victim->extend_info);
 
   memwipe(victim, 0xBB, sizeof(crypt_path_t)); /* poison memory */
@@ -741,14 +789,18 @@ cpath_ref_decref(crypt_path_reference_t *cpath_ref)
  * of information about circuit <b>circ</b>.
  */
 static void
-circuit_dump_details(int severity, circuit_t *circ, int conn_array_index,
-                     const char *type, int this_circid, int other_circid)
+circuit_dump_conn_details(int severity,
+                          circuit_t *circ,
+                          int conn_array_index,
+                          const char *type,
+                          circid_t this_circid,
+                          circid_t other_circid)
 {
-  log(severity, LD_CIRC, "Conn %d has %s circuit: circID %d (other side %d), "
-      "state %d (%s), born %ld:",
-      conn_array_index, type, this_circid, other_circid, circ->state,
-      circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
-      (long)circ->timestamp_created.tv_sec);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_CIRC, "Conn %d has %s circuit: circID %u "
+      "(other side %u), state %d (%s), born %ld:",
+      conn_array_index, type, (unsigned)this_circid, (unsigned)other_circid,
+      circ->state, circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+      (long)circ->timestamp_began.tv_sec);
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) { /* circ starts at this node */
     circuit_log_path(severity, LD_CIRC, TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
   }
@@ -763,50 +815,101 @@ circuit_dump_by_conn(connection_t *conn, int severity)
   circuit_t *circ;
   edge_connection_t *tmpconn;
 
-  for (circ=global_circuitlist;circ;circ = circ->next) {
+  for (circ = global_circuitlist; circ; circ = circ->next) {
     circid_t n_circ_id = circ->n_circ_id, p_circ_id = 0;
-    if (circ->marked_for_close)
+
+    if (circ->marked_for_close) {
       continue;
+    }
 
-    if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
+    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
       p_circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+    }
 
-    if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) && TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn &&
-        TO_CONN(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn) == conn)
-      circuit_dump_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index, "App-ward",
-                           p_circ_id, n_circ_id);
     if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
       for (tmpconn=TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_streams; tmpconn;
            tmpconn=tmpconn->next_stream) {
         if (TO_CONN(tmpconn) == conn) {
-          circuit_dump_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index,
-                               "App-ward", p_circ_id, n_circ_id);
+          circuit_dump_conn_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index,
+                                    "App-ward", p_circ_id, n_circ_id);
         }
       }
     }
-    if (circ->n_conn && TO_CONN(circ->n_conn) == conn)
-      circuit_dump_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index, "Exit-ward",
-                           n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
+
     if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
       for (tmpconn=TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->n_streams; tmpconn;
            tmpconn=tmpconn->next_stream) {
         if (TO_CONN(tmpconn) == conn) {
-          circuit_dump_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index,
-                               "Exit-ward", n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
+          circuit_dump_conn_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index,
+                                    "Exit-ward", n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
         }
       }
     }
-    if (!circ->n_conn && circ->n_hop &&
-        tor_addr_eq(&circ->n_hop->addr, &conn->addr) &&
-        circ->n_hop->port == conn->port &&
-        conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR &&
-        tor_memeq(TO_OR_CONN(conn)->identity_digest,
-                circ->n_hop->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
-      circuit_dump_details(severity, circ, conn->conn_array_index,
-                           (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
-                            !CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) ?
-                             "Endpoint" : "Pending",
-                           n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
+  }
+}
+
+/** A helper function for circuit_dump_by_chan() below. Log a bunch
+ * of information about circuit <b>circ</b>.
+ */
+static void
+circuit_dump_chan_details(int severity,
+                          circuit_t *circ,
+                          channel_t *chan,
+                          const char *type,
+                          circid_t this_circid,
+                          circid_t other_circid)
+{
+  tor_log(severity, LD_CIRC, "Conn %p has %s circuit: circID %u "
+      "(other side %u), state %d (%s), born %ld:",
+      chan, type, (unsigned)this_circid, (unsigned)other_circid, circ->state,
+      circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+      (long)circ->timestamp_began.tv_sec);
+  if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) { /* circ starts at this node */
+    circuit_log_path(severity, LD_CIRC, TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
+  }
+}
+
+/** Log, at severity <b>severity</b>, information about each circuit
+ * that is connected to <b>chan</b>.
+ */
+void
+circuit_dump_by_chan(channel_t *chan, int severity)
+{
+  circuit_t *circ;
+
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  for (circ = global_circuitlist; circ; circ = circ->next) {
+    circid_t n_circ_id = circ->n_circ_id, p_circ_id = 0;
+
+    if (circ->marked_for_close) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
+      p_circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+    }
+
+    if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) && TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan &&
+        TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan == chan) {
+      circuit_dump_chan_details(severity, circ, chan, "App-ward",
+                                p_circ_id, n_circ_id);
+    }
+
+    if (circ->n_chan && circ->n_chan == chan) {
+      circuit_dump_chan_details(severity, circ, chan, "Exit-ward",
+                                n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
+    }
+
+    if (!circ->n_chan && circ->n_hop &&
+        channel_matches_extend_info(chan, circ->n_hop) &&
+        tor_memeq(chan->identity_digest,
+                  circ->n_hop->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
+      circuit_dump_chan_details(severity, circ, chan,
+                                (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
+                                 !CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) ?
+                                "Endpoint" : "Pending",
+                                n_circ_id, p_circ_id);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -831,27 +934,39 @@ circuit_get_by_global_id(uint32_t id)
 
 /** Return a circ such that:
  *  - circ-\>n_circ_id or circ-\>p_circ_id is equal to <b>circ_id</b>, and
- *  - circ is attached to <b>conn</b>, either as p_conn or n_conn.
+ *  - circ is attached to <b>chan</b>, either as p_chan or n_chan.
  * Return NULL if no such circuit exists.
  */
 static INLINE circuit_t *
-circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan)
 {
-  orconn_circid_circuit_map_t search;
-  orconn_circid_circuit_map_t *found;
+  chan_circid_circuit_map_t search;
+  chan_circid_circuit_map_t *found;
 
-  if (_last_circid_orconn_ent &&
-      circ_id == _last_circid_orconn_ent->circ_id &&
-      conn == _last_circid_orconn_ent->or_conn) {
-    found = _last_circid_orconn_ent;
+  if (_last_circid_chan_ent &&
+      circ_id == _last_circid_chan_ent->circ_id &&
+      chan == _last_circid_chan_ent->chan) {
+    found = _last_circid_chan_ent;
   } else {
     search.circ_id = circ_id;
-    search.or_conn = conn;
-    found = HT_FIND(orconn_circid_map, &orconn_circid_circuit_map, &search);
-    _last_circid_orconn_ent = found;
+    search.chan = chan;
+    found = HT_FIND(chan_circid_map, &chan_circid_map, &search);
+    _last_circid_chan_ent = found;
   }
-  if (found && found->circuit)
+  if (found && found->circuit) {
+    log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+              "circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl() returning circuit %p for"
+              " circ_id %u, channel ID " U64_FORMAT " (%p)",
+              found->circuit, (unsigned)circ_id,
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan);
     return found->circuit;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+            "circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl() found nothing for"
+            " circ_id %u, channel ID " U64_FORMAT " (%p)",
+            (unsigned)circ_id,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan);
 
   return NULL;
   /* The rest of this checks for bugs. Disabled by default. */
@@ -861,15 +976,15 @@ circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn)
     for (circ=global_circuitlist;circ;circ = circ->next) {
       if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
         or_circuit_t *or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-        if (or_circ->p_conn == conn && or_circ->p_circ_id == circ_id) {
+        if (or_circ->p_chan == chan && or_circ->p_circ_id == circ_id) {
           log_warn(LD_BUG,
-                   "circuit matches p_conn, but not in hash table (Bug!)");
+                   "circuit matches p_chan, but not in hash table (Bug!)");
           return circ;
         }
       }
-      if (circ->n_conn == conn && circ->n_circ_id == circ_id) {
+      if (circ->n_chan == chan && circ->n_circ_id == circ_id) {
         log_warn(LD_BUG,
-                 "circuit matches n_conn, but not in hash table (Bug!)");
+                 "circuit matches n_chan, but not in hash table (Bug!)");
         return circ;
       }
     }
@@ -879,26 +994,38 @@ circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn)
 
 /** Return a circ such that:
  *  - circ-\>n_circ_id or circ-\>p_circ_id is equal to <b>circ_id</b>, and
- *  - circ is attached to <b>conn</b>, either as p_conn or n_conn.
+ *  - circ is attached to <b>chan</b>, either as p_chan or n_chan.
  *  - circ is not marked for close.
  * Return NULL if no such circuit exists.
  */
 circuit_t *
-circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_get_by_circid_channel(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan)
 {
-  circuit_t *circ = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(circ_id, conn);
+  circuit_t *circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(circ_id, chan);
   if (!circ || circ->marked_for_close)
     return NULL;
   else
     return circ;
 }
 
+/** Return a circ such that:
+ *  - circ-\>n_circ_id or circ-\>p_circ_id is equal to <b>circ_id</b>, and
+ *  - circ is attached to <b>chan</b>, either as p_chan or n_chan.
+ * Return NULL if no such circuit exists.
+ */
+circuit_t *
+circuit_get_by_circid_channel_even_if_marked(circid_t circ_id,
+                                             channel_t *chan)
+{
+  return circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(circ_id, chan);
+}
+
 /** Return true iff the circuit ID <b>circ_id</b> is currently used by a
- * circuit, marked or not, on <b>conn</b>. */
+ * circuit, marked or not, on <b>chan</b>. */
 int
-circuit_id_in_use_on_orconn(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn)
+circuit_id_in_use_on_channel(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan)
 {
-  return circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(circ_id, conn) != NULL;
+  return circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(circ_id, chan) != NULL;
 }
 
 /** Return the circuit that a given edge connection is using. */
@@ -915,27 +1042,32 @@ circuit_get_by_edge_conn(edge_connection_t *conn)
   return circ;
 }
 
-/** For each circuit that has <b>conn</b> as n_conn or p_conn, unlink the
- * circuit from the orconn,circid map, and mark it for close if it hasn't
+/** For each circuit that has <b>chan</b> as n_chan or p_chan, unlink the
+ * circuit from the chan,circid map, and mark it for close if it hasn't
  * been marked already.
  */
 void
-circuit_unlink_all_from_or_conn(or_connection_t *conn, int reason)
+circuit_unlink_all_from_channel(channel_t *chan, int reason)
 {
   circuit_t *circ;
 
-  connection_or_unlink_all_active_circs(conn);
+  channel_unlink_all_circuits(chan);
 
   for (circ = global_circuitlist; circ; circ = circ->next) {
     int mark = 0;
-    if (circ->n_conn == conn) {
-        circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circ, 0, NULL);
-        mark = 1;
+    if (circ->n_chan == chan) {
+      circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circ, 0, NULL);
+      mark = 1;
+
+      /* If we didn't request this closure, pass the remote
+       * bit to mark_for_close. */
+      if (chan->reason_for_closing != CHANNEL_CLOSE_REQUESTED)
+        reason |= END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
     }
     if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
       or_circuit_t *or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-      if (or_circ->p_conn == conn) {
-        circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(or_circ, 0, NULL);
+      if (or_circ->p_chan == chan) {
+        circuit_set_p_circid_chan(or_circ, 0, NULL);
         mark = 1;
       }
     }
@@ -1059,7 +1191,7 @@ origin_circuit_t *
 circuit_find_to_cannibalize(uint8_t purpose, extend_info_t *info,
                             int flags)
 {
-  circuit_t *_circ;
+  circuit_t *circ_;
   origin_circuit_t *best=NULL;
   int need_uptime = (flags & CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_UPTIME) != 0;
   int need_capacity = (flags & CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_CAPACITY) != 0;
@@ -1075,16 +1207,17 @@ circuit_find_to_cannibalize(uint8_t purpose, extend_info_t *info,
             "capacity %d, internal %d",
             purpose, need_uptime, need_capacity, internal);
 
-  for (_circ=global_circuitlist; _circ; _circ = _circ->next) {
-    if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(_circ) &&
-        _circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
-        !_circ->marked_for_close &&
-        _circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
-        !_circ->timestamp_dirty) {
-      origin_circuit_t *circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(_circ);
+  for (circ_=global_circuitlist; circ_; circ_ = circ_->next) {
+    if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ_) &&
+        circ_->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
+        !circ_->marked_for_close &&
+        circ_->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
+        !circ_->timestamp_dirty) {
+      origin_circuit_t *circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ_);
       if ((!need_uptime || circ->build_state->need_uptime) &&
           (!need_capacity || circ->build_state->need_capacity) &&
           (internal == circ->build_state->is_internal) &&
+          !circ->unusable_for_new_conns &&
           circ->remaining_relay_early_cells &&
           circ->build_state->desired_path_len == DEFAULT_ROUTE_LEN &&
           !circ->build_state->onehop_tunnel &&
@@ -1180,20 +1313,17 @@ circuit_mark_all_unused_circs(void)
  * This is useful for letting the user change pseudonyms, so new
  * streams will not be linkable to old streams.
  */
-/* XXX024 this is a bad name for what this function does */
 void
-circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs(void)
+circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable(void)
 {
   circuit_t *circ;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
   for (circ=global_circuitlist; circ; circ = circ->next) {
     if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) &&
         !circ->marked_for_close &&
-        circ->timestamp_dirty)
-      /* XXXX024 This is a screwed-up way to say "This is too dirty
-       * for new circuits. */
-      circ->timestamp_dirty -= options->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+        circ->timestamp_dirty) {
+      mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1215,7 +1345,7 @@ circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs(void)
  *     rendezvous stream), then mark the other circuit to close as well.
  */
 void
-_circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
+circuit_mark_for_close_(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
                         const char *file)
 {
   int orig_reason = reason; /* Passed to the controller */
@@ -1224,7 +1354,7 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
   tor_assert(file);
 
   if (circ->marked_for_close) {
-    log(LOG_WARN,LD_BUG,
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
         "Duplicate call to circuit_mark_for_close at %s:%d"
         " (first at %s:%d)", file, line,
         circ->marked_for_close_file, circ->marked_for_close);
@@ -1238,7 +1368,13 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
     }
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NONE;
   }
+
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
+    if (pathbias_check_close(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ), reason) == -1) {
+      /* Don't close it yet, we need to test it first */
+      return;
+    }
+
     /* We don't send reasons when closing circuits at the origin. */
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NONE;
   }
@@ -1246,7 +1382,7 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
   if (reason & END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE)
     reason &= ~END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
 
-  if (reason < _END_CIRC_REASON_MIN || reason > _END_CIRC_REASON_MAX) {
+  if (reason < END_CIRC_REASON_MIN_ || reason > END_CIRC_REASON_MAX_) {
     if (!(orig_reason & END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE))
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Reason %d out of range at %s:%d", reason, file, line);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NONE;
@@ -1266,9 +1402,9 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
       circuit_rep_hist_note_result(ocirc);
     }
   }
-  if (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT) {
-    if (circuits_pending_or_conns)
-      smartlist_remove(circuits_pending_or_conns, circ);
+  if (circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT) {
+    if (circuits_pending_chans)
+      smartlist_remove(circuits_pending_chans, circ);
   }
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
     control_event_circuit_status(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ),
@@ -1305,9 +1441,15 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
                                              INTRO_POINT_FAILURE_UNREACHABLE);
     }
   }
-  if (circ->n_conn) {
-    circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, circ->n_conn);
-    connection_or_send_destroy(circ->n_circ_id, circ->n_conn, reason);
+  if (circ->n_chan) {
+    circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, circ->n_chan);
+    /* Only send destroy if the channel isn't closing anyway */
+    if (!(circ->n_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+          circ->n_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+          circ->n_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+      channel_send_destroy(circ->n_circ_id, circ->n_chan, reason);
+    }
+    circuitmux_detach_circuit(circ->n_chan->cmux, circ);
   }
 
   if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
@@ -1320,7 +1462,7 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
     while (or_circ->resolving_streams) {
       conn = or_circ->resolving_streams;
       or_circ->resolving_streams = conn->next_stream;
-      if (!conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+      if (!conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
         /* The client will see a DESTROY, and infer that the connections
          * are closing because the circuit is getting torn down.  No need
          * to send an end cell. */
@@ -1332,9 +1474,15 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
       conn->on_circuit = NULL;
     }
 
-    if (or_circ->p_conn) {
-      circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, or_circ->p_conn);
-      connection_or_send_destroy(or_circ->p_circ_id, or_circ->p_conn, reason);
+    if (or_circ->p_chan) {
+      circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, or_circ->p_chan);
+      /* Only send destroy if the channel isn't closing anyway */
+      if (!(or_circ->p_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+            or_circ->p_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+            or_circ->p_chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+        channel_send_destroy(or_circ->p_circ_id, or_circ->p_chan, reason);
+      }
+      circuitmux_detach_circuit(or_circ->p_chan->cmux, circ);
     }
   } else {
     origin_circuit_t *ocirc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
@@ -1350,7 +1498,7 @@ _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason, int line,
   if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
     or_circuit_t *or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
     if (or_circ->rend_splice) {
-      if (!or_circ->rend_splice->_base.marked_for_close) {
+      if (!or_circ->rend_splice->base_.marked_for_close) {
         /* do this after marking this circuit, to avoid infinite recursion. */
         circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(or_circ->rend_splice), reason);
       }
@@ -1368,18 +1516,20 @@ marked_circuit_free_cells(circuit_t *circ)
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called on non-marked circuit");
     return;
   }
-  cell_queue_clear(&circ->n_conn_cells);
+  cell_queue_clear(&circ->n_chan_cells);
   if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
-    cell_queue_clear(& TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn_cells);
+    cell_queue_clear(& TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan_cells);
 }
 
 /** Return the number of cells used by the circuit <b>c</b>'s cell queues. */
 static size_t
 n_cells_in_circ_queues(const circuit_t *c)
 {
-  size_t n = c->n_conn_cells.n;
-  if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c))
-    n += TO_OR_CIRCUIT((circuit_t*)c)->p_conn_cells.n;
+  size_t n = c->n_chan_cells.n;
+  if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c)) {
+    circuit_t *cc = (circuit_t *) c;
+    n += TO_OR_CIRCUIT(cc)->p_chan_cells.n;
+  }
   return n;
 }
 
@@ -1395,13 +1545,13 @@ static uint32_t
 circuit_max_queued_cell_age(const circuit_t *c, uint32_t now)
 {
   uint32_t age = 0;
-  if (c->n_conn_cells.head)
-    age = now - c->n_conn_cells.head->inserted_time;
+  if (c->n_chan_cells.head)
+    age = now - c->n_chan_cells.head->inserted_time;
 
   if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c)) {
     const or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT((circuit_t*)c);
-    if (orcirc->p_conn_cells.head) {
-      uint32_t age2 = now - orcirc->p_conn_cells.head->inserted_time;
+    if (orcirc->p_chan_cells.head) {
+      uint32_t age2 = now - orcirc->p_chan_cells.head->inserted_time;
       if (age2 > age)
         return age2;
     }
@@ -1514,7 +1664,8 @@ assert_cpath_layer_ok(const crypt_path_t *cp)
       tor_assert(cp->b_crypto);
       /* fall through */
     case CPATH_STATE_CLOSED:
-      tor_assert(!cp->dh_handshake_state);
+      /*XXXX Assert that there's no handshake_state either. */
+      tor_assert(!cp->rend_dh_handshake_state);
       break;
     case CPATH_STATE_AWAITING_KEYS:
       /* tor_assert(cp->dh_handshake_state); */
@@ -1562,8 +1713,8 @@ assert_circuit_ok(const circuit_t *c)
 
   tor_assert(c);
   tor_assert(c->magic == ORIGIN_CIRCUIT_MAGIC || c->magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC);
-  tor_assert(c->purpose >= _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN &&
-             c->purpose <= _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX);
+  tor_assert(c->purpose >= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN_ &&
+             c->purpose <= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX_);
 
   {
     /* Having a separate variable for this pleases GCC 4.2 in ways I hope I
@@ -1575,33 +1726,33 @@ assert_circuit_ok(const circuit_t *c)
       or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(nonconst_circ);
   }
 
-  if (c->n_conn) {
+  if (c->n_chan) {
     tor_assert(!c->n_hop);
 
     if (c->n_circ_id) {
       /* We use the _impl variant here to make sure we don't fail on marked
        * circuits, which would not be returned by the regular function. */
-      circuit_t *c2 = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(c->n_circ_id,
-                                                        c->n_conn);
+      circuit_t *c2 = circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(c->n_circ_id,
+                                                         c->n_chan);
       tor_assert(c == c2);
     }
   }
-  if (or_circ && or_circ->p_conn) {
+  if (or_circ && or_circ->p_chan) {
     if (or_circ->p_circ_id) {
       /* ibid */
-      circuit_t *c2 = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn_impl(or_circ->p_circ_id,
-                                                        or_circ->p_conn);
+      circuit_t *c2 = circuit_get_by_circid_channel_impl(or_circ->p_circ_id,
+                                                         or_circ->p_chan);
       tor_assert(c == c2);
     }
   }
   if (or_circ)
     for (conn = or_circ->n_streams; conn; conn = conn->next_stream)
-      tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
+      tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
 
   tor_assert(c->deliver_window >= 0);
   tor_assert(c->package_window >= 0);
   if (c->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
-    tor_assert(!c->n_conn_onionskin);
+    tor_assert(!c->n_chan_create_cell);
     if (or_circ) {
       tor_assert(or_circ->n_crypto);
       tor_assert(or_circ->p_crypto);
@@ -1609,12 +1760,12 @@ assert_circuit_ok(const circuit_t *c)
       tor_assert(or_circ->p_digest);
     }
   }
-  if (c->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT && !c->marked_for_close) {
-    tor_assert(circuits_pending_or_conns &&
-               smartlist_isin(circuits_pending_or_conns, c));
+  if (c->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT && !c->marked_for_close) {
+    tor_assert(circuits_pending_chans &&
+               smartlist_contains(circuits_pending_chans, c));
   } else {
-    tor_assert(!circuits_pending_or_conns ||
-               !smartlist_isin(circuits_pending_or_conns, c));
+    tor_assert(!circuits_pending_chans ||
+               !smartlist_contains(circuits_pending_chans, c));
   }
   if (origin_circ && origin_circ->cpath) {
     assert_cpath_ok(origin_circ->cpath);
diff --git a/src/or/circuitlist.h b/src/or/circuitlist.h
index 44f0c1fe3b..acc4b81fcd 100644
--- a/src/or/circuitlist.h
+++ b/src/or/circuitlist.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,29 +9,33 @@
  * \brief Header file for circuitlist.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H
-#define _TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H
 
-circuit_t * _circuit_get_global_list(void);
+circuit_t * circuit_get_global_list_(void);
 const char *circuit_state_to_string(int state);
 const char *circuit_purpose_to_controller_string(uint8_t purpose);
 const char *circuit_purpose_to_controller_hs_state_string(uint8_t purpose);
 const char *circuit_purpose_to_string(uint8_t purpose);
 void circuit_dump_by_conn(connection_t *conn, int severity);
-void circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(or_circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
-                                 or_connection_t *conn);
-void circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
-                                 or_connection_t *conn);
+void circuit_dump_by_chan(channel_t *chan, int severity);
+void circuit_set_p_circid_chan(or_circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
+                               channel_t *chan);
+void circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circuit_t *circ, circid_t id,
+                               channel_t *chan);
 void circuit_set_state(circuit_t *circ, uint8_t state);
 void circuit_close_all_marked(void);
 int32_t circuit_initial_package_window(void);
 origin_circuit_t *origin_circuit_new(void);
-or_circuit_t *or_circuit_new(circid_t p_circ_id, or_connection_t *p_conn);
-circuit_t *circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(circid_t circ_id,
-                                        or_connection_t *conn);
-int circuit_id_in_use_on_orconn(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn);
+or_circuit_t *or_circuit_new(circid_t p_circ_id, channel_t *p_chan);
+circuit_t *circuit_get_by_circid_channel(circid_t circ_id,
+                                         channel_t *chan);
+circuit_t *
+circuit_get_by_circid_channel_even_if_marked(circid_t circ_id,
+                                             channel_t *chan);
+int circuit_id_in_use_on_channel(circid_t circ_id, channel_t *chan);
 circuit_t *circuit_get_by_edge_conn(edge_connection_t *conn);
-void circuit_unlink_all_from_or_conn(or_connection_t *conn, int reason);
+void circuit_unlink_all_from_channel(channel_t *chan, int reason);
 origin_circuit_t *circuit_get_by_global_id(uint32_t id);
 origin_circuit_t *circuit_get_ready_rend_circ_by_rend_data(
   const rend_data_t *rend_data);
@@ -42,17 +46,18 @@ or_circuit_t *circuit_get_intro_point(const char *digest);
 origin_circuit_t *circuit_find_to_cannibalize(uint8_t purpose,
                                               extend_info_t *info, int flags);
 void circuit_mark_all_unused_circs(void);
-void circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs(void);
-void _circuit_mark_for_close(circuit_t *circ, int reason,
+void circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable(void);
+void circuit_mark_for_close_(circuit_t *circ, int reason,
                              int line, const char *file);
 int circuit_get_cpath_len(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+void circuit_clear_cpath(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 crypt_path_t *circuit_get_cpath_hop(origin_circuit_t *circ, int hopnum);
-void circuit_get_all_pending_on_or_conn(smartlist_t *out,
-                                        or_connection_t *or_conn);
-int circuit_count_pending_on_or_conn(or_connection_t *or_conn);
+void circuit_get_all_pending_on_channel(smartlist_t *out,
+                                        channel_t *chan);
+int circuit_count_pending_on_channel(channel_t *chan);
 
 #define circuit_mark_for_close(c, reason)                               \
-  _circuit_mark_for_close((c), (reason), __LINE__, _SHORT_FILE_)
+  circuit_mark_for_close_((c), (reason), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
 
 void assert_cpath_layer_ok(const crypt_path_t *cp);
 void assert_circuit_ok(const circuit_t *c);
diff --git a/src/or/circuitmux.c b/src/or/circuitmux.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..545cfd0650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitmux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1745 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file circuitmux.c
+ * \brief Circuit mux/cell selection abstraction
+ **/
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+
+/*
+ * Private typedefs for circuitmux.c
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Map of muxinfos for circuitmux_t to use; struct is defined below (name
+ * of struct must match HT_HEAD line).
+ */
+typedef struct chanid_circid_muxinfo_map chanid_circid_muxinfo_map_t;
+
+/*
+ * Hash table entry (yeah, calling it chanid_circid_muxinfo_s seems to
+ * break the hash table code).
+ */
+typedef struct chanid_circid_muxinfo_t chanid_circid_muxinfo_t;
+
+/*
+ * Anything the mux wants to store per-circuit in the map; right now just
+ * a count of queued cells.
+ */
+
+typedef struct circuit_muxinfo_s circuit_muxinfo_t;
+
+/*
+ * Structures for circuitmux.c
+ */
+
+/*
+ * A circuitmux is a collection of circuits; it tracks which subset
+ * of the attached circuits are 'active' (i.e., have cells available
+ * to transmit) and how many cells on each.  It expoes three distinct
+ * interfaces to other components:
+ *
+ * To channels, which each have a circuitmux_t, the supported operations
+ * are:
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_get_first_active_circuit():
+ *
+ *     Pick one of the circuitmux's active circuits to send cells from.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_notify_xmit_cells():
+ *
+ *     Notify the circuitmux that cells have been sent on a circuit.
+ *
+ * To circuits, the exposed operations are:
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_attach_circuit():
+ *
+ *     Attach a circuit to the circuitmux; this will allocate any policy-
+ *     specific data wanted for this circuit and add it to the active
+ *     circuits list if it has queued cells.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_detach_circuit():
+ *
+ *     Detach a circuit from the circuitmux, freeing associated structures.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_clear_num_cells():
+ *
+ *     Clear the circuitmux's cell counter for this circuit.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_set_num_cells():
+ *
+ *     Set the circuitmux's cell counter for this circuit.
+ *
+ * See circuitmux.h for the circuitmux_policy_t data structure, which contains
+ * a table of function pointers implementing a circuit selection policy, and
+ * circuitmux_ewma.c for an example of a circuitmux policy.  Circuitmux
+ * policies can be manipulated with:
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_get_policy():
+ *
+ *     Return the current policy for a circuitmux_t, if any.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_clear_policy():
+ *
+ *     Remove a policy installed on a circuitmux_t, freeing all associated
+ *     data.  The circuitmux will revert to the built-in round-robin behavior.
+ *
+ *   circuitmux_set_policy():
+ *
+ *     Install a policy on a circuitmux_t; the appropriate callbacks will be
+ *     made to attach all existing circuits to the new policy.
+ *
+ */
+
+struct circuitmux_s {
+  /* Keep count of attached, active circuits */
+  unsigned int n_circuits, n_active_circuits;
+
+  /* Total number of queued cells on all circuits */
+  unsigned int n_cells;
+
+  /*
+   * Map from (channel ID, circuit ID) pairs to circuit_muxinfo_t
+   */
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_map_t *chanid_circid_map;
+
+  /*
+   * Double-linked ring of circuits with queued cells waiting for room to
+   * free up on this connection's outbuf.  Every time we pull cells from
+   * a circuit, we advance this pointer to the next circuit in the ring.
+   */
+  struct circuit_t *active_circuits_head, *active_circuits_tail;
+
+  /*
+   * Circuitmux policy; if this is non-NULL, it can override the built-
+   * in round-robin active circuits behavior.  This is how EWMA works in
+   * the new circuitmux_t world.
+   */
+  const circuitmux_policy_t *policy;
+
+  /* Policy-specific data */
+  circuitmux_policy_data_t *policy_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * This struct holds whatever we want to store per attached circuit on a
+ * circuitmux_t; right now, just the count of queued cells and the direction.
+ */
+
+struct circuit_muxinfo_s {
+  /* Count of cells on this circuit at last update */
+  unsigned int cell_count;
+  /* Direction of flow */
+  cell_direction_t direction;
+  /* Policy-specific data */
+  circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *policy_data;
+  /* Mark bit for consistency checker */
+  unsigned int mark:1;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A map from channel ID and circuit ID to a circuit_muxinfo_t for that
+ * circuit.
+ */
+
+struct chanid_circid_muxinfo_t {
+  HT_ENTRY(chanid_circid_muxinfo_t) node;
+  uint64_t chan_id;
+  circid_t circ_id;
+  circuit_muxinfo_t muxinfo;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Internal-use #defines
+ */
+
+#ifdef CMUX_PARANOIA
+#define circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux) \
+  circuitmux_assert_okay(cmux)
+#else
+#define circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Static function declarations
+ */
+
+static INLINE int
+chanid_circid_entries_eq(chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *a,
+                         chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *b);
+static INLINE unsigned int
+chanid_circid_entry_hash(chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *a);
+static chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *
+circuitmux_find_map_entry(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+static void
+circuitmux_make_circuit_active(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                               cell_direction_t direction);
+static void
+circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                                 cell_direction_t direction);
+static INLINE void
+circuitmux_move_active_circ_to_tail(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                                    cell_direction_t direction);
+static INLINE circuit_t **
+circuitmux_next_active_circ_p(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+static INLINE circuit_t **
+circuitmux_prev_active_circ_p(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+static void circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_one(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+static void circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_two(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+static void circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_three(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+
+/* Function definitions */
+
+/**
+ * Linked list helpers
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Move an active circuit to the tail of the cmux's active circuits list;
+ * used by circuitmux_notify_xmit_cells().
+ */
+
+static INLINE void
+circuitmux_move_active_circ_to_tail(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                                    cell_direction_t direction)
+{
+  circuit_t **next_p = NULL, **prev_p = NULL;
+  circuit_t **next_prev = NULL, **prev_next = NULL;
+  circuit_t **tail_next = NULL;
+  or_circuit_t *or_circ = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+
+  /* Figure out our next_p and prev_p for this cmux/direction */
+  if (direction) {
+    if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+      tor_assert(circ->n_mux == cmux);
+      next_p = &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+      prev_p = &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+    } else {
+      or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
+      tor_assert(or_circ->p_mux == cmux);
+      next_p = &(or_circ->next_active_on_p_chan);
+      prev_p = &(or_circ->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (circ->n_mux == cmux) {
+      next_p = &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+      prev_p = &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+      direction = CELL_DIRECTION_OUT;
+    } else {
+      or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
+      tor_assert(or_circ->p_mux == cmux);
+      next_p = &(or_circ->next_active_on_p_chan);
+      prev_p = &(or_circ->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+      direction = CELL_DIRECTION_IN;
+    }
+  }
+  tor_assert(next_p);
+  tor_assert(prev_p);
+
+  /* Check if this really is an active circuit */
+  if ((*next_p == NULL && *prev_p == NULL) &&
+      !(circ == cmux->active_circuits_head ||
+        circ == cmux->active_circuits_tail)) {
+    /* Not active, no-op */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Check if this is already the tail */
+  if (circ == cmux->active_circuits_tail) return;
+
+  /* Okay, we have to move it; figure out next_prev and prev_next */
+  if (*next_p) next_prev = circuitmux_prev_active_circ_p(cmux, *next_p);
+  if (*prev_p) prev_next = circuitmux_next_active_circ_p(cmux, *prev_p);
+  /* Adjust the previous node's next pointer, if any */
+  if (prev_next) *prev_next = *next_p;
+  /* Otherwise, we were the head */
+  else cmux->active_circuits_head = *next_p;
+  /* Adjust the next node's previous pointer, if any */
+  if (next_prev) *next_prev = *prev_p;
+  /* We're out of the list; now re-attach at the tail */
+  /* Adjust our next and prev pointers */
+  *next_p = NULL;
+  *prev_p = cmux->active_circuits_tail;
+  /* Set the next pointer of the tail, or the head if none */
+  if (cmux->active_circuits_tail) {
+    tail_next = circuitmux_next_active_circ_p(cmux,
+                                              cmux->active_circuits_tail);
+    *tail_next = circ;
+  } else {
+    cmux->active_circuits_head = circ;
+  }
+  /* Set the tail to this circuit */
+  cmux->active_circuits_tail = circ;
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+static INLINE circuit_t **
+circuitmux_next_active_circ_p(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  if (circ->n_mux == cmux) return &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+  else {
+    tor_assert(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux == cmux);
+    return &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->next_active_on_p_chan);
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE circuit_t **
+circuitmux_prev_active_circ_p(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  if (circ->n_mux == cmux) return &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+  else {
+    tor_assert(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux == cmux);
+    return &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper for chanid_circid_cell_count_map_t hash table: compare the channel
+ * ID and circuit ID for a and b, and return less than, equal to, or greater
+ * than zero appropriately.
+ */
+
+static INLINE int
+chanid_circid_entries_eq(chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *a,
+                         chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *b)
+{
+    return a->chan_id == b->chan_id && a->circ_id == b->circ_id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper: return a hash based on circuit ID and channel ID in a.
+ */
+
+static INLINE unsigned int
+chanid_circid_entry_hash(chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *a)
+{
+    return (((unsigned int)(a->circ_id) << 8) ^
+            ((unsigned int)((a->chan_id >> 32) & 0xffffffff)) ^
+            ((unsigned int)(a->chan_id & 0xffffffff)));
+}
+
+/* Declare the struct chanid_circid_muxinfo_map type */
+HT_HEAD(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, chanid_circid_muxinfo_t);
+
+/* Emit a bunch of hash table stuff */
+HT_PROTOTYPE(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, chanid_circid_muxinfo_t, node,
+             chanid_circid_entry_hash, chanid_circid_entries_eq);
+HT_GENERATE(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, chanid_circid_muxinfo_t, node,
+            chanid_circid_entry_hash, chanid_circid_entries_eq, 0.6,
+            malloc, realloc, free);
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux alloc/free functions
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new circuitmux_t
+ */
+
+circuitmux_t *
+circuitmux_alloc(void)
+{
+  circuitmux_t *rv = NULL;
+
+  rv = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*rv));
+  rv->chanid_circid_map = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*( rv->chanid_circid_map)));
+  HT_INIT(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, rv->chanid_circid_map);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detach all circuits from a circuitmux (use before circuitmux_free())
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_detach_all_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t **i = NULL, *to_remove;
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  circuit_t *circ = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  /*
+   * Don't circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid() here; this gets called when
+   * channels are being freed and have already been unregistered, so
+   * the channel ID lookups it does will fail.
+   */
+
+  i = HT_START(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  while (i) {
+    to_remove = *i;
+    if (to_remove) {
+      /* Find a channel and circuit */
+      chan = channel_find_by_global_id(to_remove->chan_id);
+      if (chan) {
+        circ =
+          circuit_get_by_circid_channel_even_if_marked(to_remove->circ_id,
+                                                       chan);
+        if (circ) {
+          /* Clear the circuit's mux for this direction */
+          if (to_remove->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+            /*
+             * Update active_circuits et al.; this does policy notifies, so
+             * comes before freeing policy data
+             */
+
+            if (to_remove->muxinfo.cell_count > 0) {
+              circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, CELL_DIRECTION_OUT);
+            }
+
+            /* Clear n_mux */
+            circ->n_mux = NULL;
+          } else if (circ->magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC) {
+            /*
+             * Update active_circuits et al.; this does policy notifies, so
+             * comes before freeing policy data
+             */
+
+            if (to_remove->muxinfo.cell_count > 0) {
+              circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * It has a sensible p_chan and direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN,
+             * so clear p_mux.
+             */
+            TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux = NULL;
+          } else {
+            /* Complain and move on */
+            log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                     "Circuit %u/channel " U64_FORMAT " had direction == "
+                     "CELL_DIRECTION_IN, but isn't an or_circuit_t",
+                     (unsigned)to_remove->circ_id,
+                     U64_PRINTF_ARG(to_remove->chan_id));
+          }
+
+          /* Free policy-specific data if we have it */
+          if (to_remove->muxinfo.policy_data) {
+            /*
+             * If we have policy data, assert that we have the means to
+             * free it
+             */
+            tor_assert(cmux->policy);
+            tor_assert(cmux->policy->free_circ_data);
+            /* Call free_circ_data() */
+            cmux->policy->free_circ_data(cmux,
+                                         cmux->policy_data,
+                                         circ,
+                                         to_remove->muxinfo.policy_data);
+            to_remove->muxinfo.policy_data = NULL;
+          }
+        } else {
+          /* Complain and move on */
+          log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                   "Couldn't find circuit %u (for channel " U64_FORMAT ")",
+                   (unsigned)to_remove->circ_id,
+                   U64_PRINTF_ARG(to_remove->chan_id));
+        }
+      } else {
+        /* Complain and move on */
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Couldn't find channel " U64_FORMAT " (for circuit id %u)",
+                 U64_PRINTF_ARG(to_remove->chan_id),
+                 (unsigned)to_remove->circ_id);
+      }
+
+      /* Assert that we don't have un-freed policy data for this circuit */
+      tor_assert(to_remove->muxinfo.policy_data == NULL);
+    }
+
+    i = HT_NEXT_RMV(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map, i);
+
+    /* Free it */
+    tor_free(to_remove);
+  }
+
+  cmux->n_circuits = 0;
+  cmux->n_active_circuits = 0;
+  cmux->n_cells = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a circuitmux_t; the circuits must be detached first with
+ * circuitmux_detach_all_circuits().
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_free(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  if (!cmux) return;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux->n_circuits == 0);
+  tor_assert(cmux->n_active_circuits == 0);
+
+  /*
+   * Free policy-specific data if we have any; we don't
+   * need to do circuitmux_set_policy(cmux, NULL) to cover
+   * the circuits because they would have been handled in
+   * circuitmux_detach_all_circuits() before this was
+   * called.
+   */
+  if (cmux->policy && cmux->policy->free_cmux_data) {
+    if (cmux->policy_data) {
+      cmux->policy->free_cmux_data(cmux, cmux->policy_data);
+      cmux->policy_data = NULL;
+    }
+  } else tor_assert(cmux->policy_data == NULL);
+
+  if (cmux->chanid_circid_map) {
+    HT_CLEAR(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+    tor_free(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  }
+
+  tor_free(cmux);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux policy control functions
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Remove any policy installed on cmux; all policy data will be freed and
+ * cmux behavior will revert to the built-in round-robin active_circuits
+ * mechanism.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_clear_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  /* Internally, this is just setting policy to NULL */
+  if (cmux->policy) {
+    circuitmux_set_policy(cmux, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the policy currently installed on a circuitmux_t
+ */
+
+const circuitmux_policy_t *
+circuitmux_get_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  return cmux->policy;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set policy; allocate for new policy, detach all circuits from old policy
+ * if any, attach them to new policy, and free old policy data.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_set_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                      const circuitmux_policy_t *pol)
+{
+  const circuitmux_policy_t *old_pol = NULL, *new_pol = NULL;
+  circuitmux_policy_data_t *old_pol_data = NULL, *new_pol_data = NULL;
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t **i = NULL;
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  uint64_t last_chan_id_searched = 0;
+  circuit_t *circ = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  /* Set up variables */
+  old_pol = cmux->policy;
+  old_pol_data = cmux->policy_data;
+  new_pol = pol;
+
+  /* Check if this is the trivial case */
+  if (old_pol == new_pol) return;
+
+  /* Allocate data for new policy, if any */
+  if (new_pol && new_pol->alloc_cmux_data) {
+    /*
+     * If alloc_cmux_data is not null, then we expect to get some policy
+     * data.  Assert that we also have free_cmux_data so we can free it
+     * when the time comes, and allocate it.
+     */
+    tor_assert(new_pol->free_cmux_data);
+    new_pol_data = new_pol->alloc_cmux_data(cmux);
+    tor_assert(new_pol_data);
+  }
+
+  /* Install new policy and new policy data on cmux */
+  cmux->policy = new_pol;
+  cmux->policy_data = new_pol_data;
+
+  /* Iterate over all circuits, attaching/detaching each one */
+  i = HT_START(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  while (i) {
+    /* Assert that this entry isn't NULL */
+    tor_assert(*i);
+
+    /*
+     * Get the channel; since normal case is all circuits on the mux share a
+     * channel, we cache last_chan_id_searched
+     */
+    if (!chan || last_chan_id_searched != (*i)->chan_id) {
+      chan = channel_find_by_global_id((*i)->chan_id);
+      last_chan_id_searched = (*i)->chan_id;
+    }
+    tor_assert(chan);
+
+    /* Get the circuit */
+    circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel_even_if_marked((*i)->circ_id, chan);
+    tor_assert(circ);
+
+    /* Need to tell old policy it becomes inactive (i.e., it is active) ? */
+    if (old_pol && old_pol->notify_circ_inactive &&
+        (*i)->muxinfo.cell_count > 0) {
+      old_pol->notify_circ_inactive(cmux, old_pol_data, circ,
+                                    (*i)->muxinfo.policy_data);
+    }
+
+    /* Need to free old policy data? */
+    if ((*i)->muxinfo.policy_data) {
+      /* Assert that we have the means to free it if we have policy data */
+      tor_assert(old_pol);
+      tor_assert(old_pol->free_circ_data);
+      /* Free it */
+      old_pol->free_circ_data(cmux, old_pol_data, circ,
+                             (*i)->muxinfo.policy_data);
+      (*i)->muxinfo.policy_data = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Need to allocate new policy data? */
+    if (new_pol && new_pol->alloc_circ_data) {
+      /*
+       * If alloc_circ_data is not null, we expect to get some per-circuit
+       * policy data.  Assert that we also have free_circ_data so we can
+       * free it when the time comes, and allocate it.
+       */
+      tor_assert(new_pol->free_circ_data);
+      (*i)->muxinfo.policy_data =
+        new_pol->alloc_circ_data(cmux, new_pol_data, circ,
+                                 (*i)->muxinfo.direction,
+                                 (*i)->muxinfo.cell_count);
+    }
+
+    /* Need to make active on new policy? */
+    if (new_pol && new_pol->notify_circ_active &&
+        (*i)->muxinfo.cell_count > 0) {
+      new_pol->notify_circ_active(cmux, new_pol_data, circ,
+                                  (*i)->muxinfo.policy_data);
+    }
+
+    /* Advance to next circuit map entry */
+    i = HT_NEXT(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map, i);
+  }
+
+  /* Free data for old policy, if any */
+  if (old_pol_data) {
+    /*
+     * If we had old policy data, we should have an old policy and a free
+     * function for it.
+     */
+    tor_assert(old_pol);
+    tor_assert(old_pol->free_cmux_data);
+    old_pol->free_cmux_data(cmux, old_pol_data);
+    old_pol_data = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux/circuit attachment status inquiry functions
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Query the direction of an attached circuit
+ */
+
+cell_direction_t
+circuitmux_attached_circuit_direction(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+
+  /* Try to find a map entry */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+
+  /*
+   * This function should only be called on attached circuits; assert that
+   * we had a map entry.
+   */
+  tor_assert(hashent);
+
+  /* Return the direction from the map entry */
+  return hashent->muxinfo.direction;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find an entry in the cmux's map for this circuit or return NULL if there
+ * is none.
+ */
+
+static chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *
+circuitmux_find_map_entry(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t search, *hashent = NULL;
+
+  /* Sanity-check parameters */
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  /* Check if we have n_chan */
+  if (circ->n_chan) {
+    /* Okay, let's see if it's attached for n_chan/n_circ_id */
+    search.chan_id = circ->n_chan->global_identifier;
+    search.circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
+
+    /* Query */
+    hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                      &search);
+  }
+
+  /* Found something? */
+  if (hashent) {
+    /*
+     * Assert that the direction makes sense for a hashent we found by
+     * n_chan/n_circ_id before we return it.
+     */
+    tor_assert(hashent->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT);
+  } else {
+    /* Not there, have we got a p_chan/p_circ_id to try? */
+    if (circ->magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC) {
+      search.circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+      /* Check for p_chan */
+      if (TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan) {
+        search.chan_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan->global_identifier;
+        /* Okay, search for that */
+        hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                          &search);
+        /* Find anything? */
+        if (hashent) {
+          /* Assert that the direction makes sense before we return it */
+          tor_assert(hashent->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Okay, hashent is it if it was there */
+  return hashent;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query whether a circuit is attached to a circuitmux
+ */
+
+int
+circuitmux_is_circuit_attached(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+
+  /* Look if it's in the circuit map */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+
+  return (hashent != NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query whether a circuit is active on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+int
+circuitmux_is_circuit_active(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+  int is_active = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  /* Look if it's in the circuit map */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+  if (hashent) {
+    /* Check the number of cells on this circuit */
+    is_active = (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count > 0);
+  }
+  /* else not attached, so not active */
+
+  return is_active;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query number of available cells for a circuit on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+unsigned int
+circuitmux_num_cells_for_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+  unsigned int n_cells = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  /* Look if it's in the circuit map */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+  if (hashent) {
+    /* Just get the cell count for this circuit */
+    n_cells = hashent->muxinfo.cell_count;
+  }
+  /* else not attached, so 0 cells */
+
+  return n_cells;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query total number of available cells on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+unsigned int
+circuitmux_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  return cmux->n_cells;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query total number of circuits active on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+unsigned int
+circuitmux_num_active_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  return cmux->n_active_circuits;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query total number of circuits attached to a circuitmux
+ */
+
+unsigned int
+circuitmux_num_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  return cmux->n_circuits;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for circuit code to call to update circuit status
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Attach a circuit to a circuitmux, for the specified direction.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_attach_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                          cell_direction_t direction)
+{
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  uint64_t channel_id;
+  circid_t circ_id;
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t search, *hashent = NULL;
+  unsigned int cell_count;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN ||
+             direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT);
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+
+  /*
+   * Figure out which channel we're using, and get the circuit's current
+   * cell count and circuit ID; assert that the circuit is not already
+   * attached to another mux.
+   */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    /* It's n_chan */
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
+    cell_count = circ->n_chan_cells.n;
+    circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
+  } else {
+    /* We want p_chan */
+    chan = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan;
+    cell_count = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan_cells.n;
+    circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+  }
+  /* Assert that we did get a channel */
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  /* Assert that the circuit ID is sensible */
+  tor_assert(circ_id != 0);
+
+  /* Get the channel ID */
+  channel_id = chan->global_identifier;
+
+  /* See if we already have this one */
+  search.chan_id = channel_id;
+  search.circ_id = circ_id;
+  hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                    &search);
+
+  if (hashent) {
+    /*
+     * This circuit was already attached to this cmux; make sure the
+     * directions match and update the cell count and active circuit count.
+     */
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Circuit %u on channel " U64_FORMAT " was already attached to "
+             "cmux %p (trying to attach to %p)",
+             (unsigned)circ_id, U64_PRINTF_ARG(channel_id),
+             ((direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) ?
+                circ->n_mux : TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux),
+             cmux);
+
+    /*
+     * The mux pointer on this circuit and the direction in result should
+     * match; otherwise assert.
+     */
+    if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) tor_assert(circ->n_mux == cmux);
+    else tor_assert(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux == cmux);
+    tor_assert(hashent->muxinfo.direction == direction);
+
+    /*
+     * Looks okay; just update the cell count and active circuits if we must
+     */
+    if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count > 0 && cell_count == 0) {
+      --(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+      circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, direction);
+    } else if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count == 0 && cell_count > 0) {
+      ++(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+      circuitmux_make_circuit_active(cmux, circ, direction);
+    }
+    cmux->n_cells -= hashent->muxinfo.cell_count;
+    cmux->n_cells += cell_count;
+    hashent->muxinfo.cell_count = cell_count;
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * New circuit; add an entry and update the circuit/active circuit
+     * counts.
+     */
+    log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+             "Attaching circuit %u on channel " U64_FORMAT " to cmux %p",
+              (unsigned)circ_id, U64_PRINTF_ARG(channel_id), cmux);
+
+    /*
+     * Assert that the circuit doesn't already have a mux for this
+     * direction.
+     */
+    if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) tor_assert(circ->n_mux == NULL);
+    else tor_assert(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux == NULL);
+
+    /* Insert it in the map */
+    hashent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*hashent));
+    hashent->chan_id = channel_id;
+    hashent->circ_id = circ_id;
+    hashent->muxinfo.cell_count = cell_count;
+    hashent->muxinfo.direction = direction;
+    /* Allocate policy specific circuit data if we need it */
+    if (cmux->policy && cmux->policy->alloc_circ_data) {
+      /* Assert that we have the means to free policy-specific data */
+      tor_assert(cmux->policy->free_circ_data);
+      /* Allocate it */
+      hashent->muxinfo.policy_data =
+        cmux->policy->alloc_circ_data(cmux,
+                                      cmux->policy_data,
+                                      circ,
+                                      direction,
+                                      cell_count);
+      /* If we wanted policy data, it's an error  not to get any */
+      tor_assert(hashent->muxinfo.policy_data);
+    }
+    HT_INSERT(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+              hashent);
+
+    /* Set the circuit's mux for this direction */
+    if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) circ->n_mux = cmux;
+    else TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux = cmux;
+
+    /* Make sure the next/prev pointers are NULL */
+    if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+      circ->next_active_on_n_chan = NULL;
+      circ->prev_active_on_n_chan = NULL;
+    } else {
+      TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->next_active_on_p_chan = NULL;
+      TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->prev_active_on_p_chan = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Update counters */
+    ++(cmux->n_circuits);
+    if (cell_count > 0) {
+      ++(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+      circuitmux_make_circuit_active(cmux, circ, direction);
+    }
+    cmux->n_cells += cell_count;
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detach a circuit from a circuitmux and update all counters as needed;
+ * no-op if not attached.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_detach_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t search, *hashent = NULL;
+  /*
+   * Use this to keep track of whether we found it for n_chan or
+   * p_chan for consistency checking.
+   */
+  cell_direction_t last_searched_direction;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+
+  /* See if we have it for n_chan/n_circ_id */
+  if (circ->n_chan) {
+    search.chan_id = circ->n_chan->global_identifier;
+    search.circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
+    hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                        &search);
+    last_searched_direction = CELL_DIRECTION_OUT;
+  }
+
+  /* Got one? If not, see if it's an or_circuit_t and try p_chan/p_circ_id */
+  if (!hashent) {
+    if (circ->magic == OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC) {
+      search.circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+      if (TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan) {
+        search.chan_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan->global_identifier;
+        hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map,
+                            cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                            &search);
+        last_searched_direction = CELL_DIRECTION_IN;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * If hashent isn't NULL, we have a circuit to detach; don't remove it from
+   * the map until later of circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive() breaks.
+   */
+  if (hashent) {
+    /* Update counters */
+    --(cmux->n_circuits);
+    if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count > 0) {
+      --(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+      /* This does policy notifies, so comes before freeing policy data */
+      circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, last_searched_direction);
+    }
+    cmux->n_cells -= hashent->muxinfo.cell_count;
+
+    /* Free policy-specific data if we have it */
+    if (hashent->muxinfo.policy_data) {
+      /* If we have policy data, assert that we have the means to free it */
+      tor_assert(cmux->policy);
+      tor_assert(cmux->policy->free_circ_data);
+      /* Call free_circ_data() */
+      cmux->policy->free_circ_data(cmux,
+                                   cmux->policy_data,
+                                   circ,
+                                   hashent->muxinfo.policy_data);
+      hashent->muxinfo.policy_data = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Consistency check: the direction must match the direction searched */
+    tor_assert(last_searched_direction == hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+    /* Clear the circuit's mux for this direction */
+    if (last_searched_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) circ->n_mux = NULL;
+    else TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux = NULL;
+
+    /* Now remove it from the map */
+    HT_REMOVE(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map, hashent);
+
+    /* Free the hash entry */
+    tor_free(hashent);
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Make a circuit active; update active list and policy-specific info, but
+ * we don't mess with the counters or hash table here.
+ */
+
+static void
+circuitmux_make_circuit_active(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                               cell_direction_t direction)
+{
+  circuit_t **next_active = NULL, **prev_active = NULL, **next_prev = NULL;
+  circuitmux_t *circuit_cmux = NULL;
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  circid_t circ_id;
+  int already_active;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT ||
+             direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+  /*
+   * Don't circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux) here because the cell count
+   * already got changed and we have to update the list for it to be consistent
+   * again.
+   */
+
+  /* Get the right set of active list links for this direction */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    next_active = &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+    prev_active = &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+    circuit_cmux = circ->n_mux;
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
+    circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
+  } else {
+    next_active = &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->next_active_on_p_chan);
+    prev_active = &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+    circuit_cmux = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux;
+    chan = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan;
+    circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+  }
+
+  /* Assert that it is attached to this mux and a channel */
+  tor_assert(cmux == circuit_cmux);
+  tor_assert(chan != NULL);
+
+  /*
+   * Check if the circuit really was inactive; if it's active, at least one
+   * of the next_active and prev_active pointers will not be NULL, or this
+   * circuit will be either the head or tail of the list for this cmux.
+   */
+  already_active = (*prev_active != NULL || *next_active != NULL ||
+                    cmux->active_circuits_head == circ ||
+                    cmux->active_circuits_tail == circ);
+
+  /* If we're already active, log a warning and finish */
+  if (already_active) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+             "Circuit %u on channel " U64_FORMAT " was already active",
+             (unsigned)circ_id, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * This is going at the head of the list; if the old head is not NULL,
+   * then its prev pointer should point to this.
+   */
+  *next_active = cmux->active_circuits_head; /* Next is old head */
+  *prev_active = NULL; /* Prev is NULL (this will be the head) */
+  if (cmux->active_circuits_head) {
+    /* The list had an old head; update its prev pointer */
+    next_prev =
+      circuitmux_prev_active_circ_p(cmux, cmux->active_circuits_head);
+    tor_assert(next_prev);
+    *next_prev = circ;
+  } else {
+    /* The list was empty; this becomes the tail as well */
+    cmux->active_circuits_tail = circ;
+  }
+  /* This becomes the new head of the list */
+  cmux->active_circuits_head = circ;
+
+  /* Policy-specific notification */
+  if (cmux->policy &&
+      cmux->policy->notify_circ_active) {
+    /* Okay, we need to check the circuit for policy data now */
+    hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+    /* We should have found something */
+    tor_assert(hashent);
+    /* Notify */
+    cmux->policy->notify_circ_active(cmux, cmux->policy_data,
+                                     circ, hashent->muxinfo.policy_data);
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Make a circuit inactive; update active list and policy-specific info, but
+ * we don't mess with the counters or hash table here.
+ */
+
+static void
+circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                                 cell_direction_t direction)
+{
+  circuit_t **next_active = NULL, **prev_active = NULL;
+  circuit_t **next_prev = NULL, **prev_next = NULL;
+  circuitmux_t *circuit_cmux = NULL;
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  circid_t circ_id;
+  int already_inactive;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT ||
+             direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+  /*
+   * Don't circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux) here because the cell count
+   * already got changed and we have to update the list for it to be consistent
+   * again.
+   */
+
+  /* Get the right set of active list links for this direction */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    next_active = &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+    prev_active = &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+    circuit_cmux = circ->n_mux;
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
+    circ_id = circ->n_circ_id;
+  } else {
+    next_active = &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->next_active_on_p_chan);
+    prev_active = &(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+    circuit_cmux = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_mux;
+    chan = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan;
+    circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id;
+  }
+
+  /* Assert that it is attached to this mux and a channel */
+  tor_assert(cmux == circuit_cmux);
+  tor_assert(chan != NULL);
+
+  /*
+   * Check if the circuit really was active; if it's inactive, the
+   * next_active and prev_active pointers will be NULL and this circuit
+   * will not be the head or tail of the list for this cmux.
+   */
+  already_inactive = (*prev_active == NULL && *next_active == NULL &&
+                      cmux->active_circuits_head != circ &&
+                      cmux->active_circuits_tail != circ);
+
+  /* If we're already inactive, log a warning and finish */
+  if (already_inactive) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+             "Circuit %d on channel " U64_FORMAT " was already inactive",
+             (unsigned)circ_id, U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Remove from the list; first get next_prev and prev_next */
+  if (*next_active) {
+    /*
+     * If there's a next circuit, its previous circuit becomes this
+     * circuit's previous circuit.
+     */
+    next_prev = circuitmux_prev_active_circ_p(cmux, *next_active);
+  } else {
+    /* Else, the tail becomes this circuit's previous circuit */
+    next_prev = &(cmux->active_circuits_tail);
+  }
+
+  /* Got next_prev, now prev_next */
+  if (*prev_active) {
+    /*
+     * If there's a previous circuit, its next circuit becomes this circuit's
+     * next circuit.
+     */
+    prev_next = circuitmux_next_active_circ_p(cmux, *prev_active);
+  } else {
+    /* Else, the head becomes this circuit's next circuit */
+    prev_next = &(cmux->active_circuits_head);
+  }
+
+  /* Assert that we got sensible values for the next/prev pointers */
+  tor_assert(next_prev != NULL);
+  tor_assert(prev_next != NULL);
+
+  /* Update the next/prev pointers - this removes circ from the list */
+  *next_prev = *prev_active;
+  *prev_next = *next_active;
+
+  /* Now null out prev_active/next_active */
+  *prev_active = NULL;
+  *next_active = NULL;
+
+  /* Policy-specific notification */
+  if (cmux->policy &&
+      cmux->policy->notify_circ_inactive) {
+    /* Okay, we need to check the circuit for policy data now */
+    hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+    /* We should have found something */
+    tor_assert(hashent);
+    /* Notify */
+    cmux->policy->notify_circ_inactive(cmux, cmux->policy_data,
+                                       circ, hashent->muxinfo.policy_data);
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear the cell counter for a circuit on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_clear_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  /* This is the same as setting the cell count to zero */
+  circuitmux_set_num_cells(cmux, circ, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the cell counter for a circuit on a circuitmux
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_set_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                         unsigned int n_cells)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+
+  /* Search for this circuit's entry */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+  /* Assert that we found one */
+  tor_assert(hashent);
+
+  /* Update cmux cell counter */
+  cmux->n_cells -= hashent->muxinfo.cell_count;
+  cmux->n_cells += n_cells;
+
+  /* Do we need to notify a cmux policy? */
+  if (cmux->policy && cmux->policy->notify_set_n_cells) {
+    /* Call notify_set_n_cells */
+    cmux->policy->notify_set_n_cells(cmux,
+                                     cmux->policy_data,
+                                     circ,
+                                     hashent->muxinfo.policy_data,
+                                     n_cells);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Update cmux active circuit counter: is the old cell count > 0 and the
+   * new cell count == 0 ?
+   */
+  if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count > 0 && n_cells == 0) {
+    --(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+    hashent->muxinfo.cell_count = n_cells;
+    circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+  /* Is the old cell count == 0 and the new cell count > 0 ? */
+  } else if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count == 0 && n_cells > 0) {
+    ++(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+    hashent->muxinfo.cell_count = n_cells;
+    circuitmux_make_circuit_active(cmux, circ, hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * Update the entry cell count like this so we can put a
+     * circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid inside make_circuit_(in)active() too.
+     */
+    hashent->muxinfo.cell_count = n_cells;
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions for channel code to call to get a circuit to transmit from or
+ * notify that cells have been transmitted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Pick a circuit to send from, using the active circuits list or a
+ * circuitmux policy if one is available.  This is called from channel.c.
+ */
+
+circuit_t *
+circuitmux_get_first_active_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  circuit_t *circ = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  if (cmux->n_active_circuits > 0) {
+    /* We also must have a cell available for this to be the case */
+    tor_assert(cmux->n_cells > 0);
+    /* Do we have a policy-provided circuit selector? */
+    if (cmux->policy && cmux->policy->pick_active_circuit) {
+      circ = cmux->policy->pick_active_circuit(cmux, cmux->policy_data);
+    }
+    /* Fall back on the head of the active circuits list */
+    if (!circ) {
+      tor_assert(cmux->active_circuits_head);
+      circ = cmux->active_circuits_head;
+    }
+  } else tor_assert(cmux->n_cells == 0);
+
+  return circ;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Notify the circuitmux that cells have been sent on a circuit; this
+ * is called from channel.c.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_notify_xmit_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                             unsigned int n_cells)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t *hashent = NULL;
+  int becomes_inactive = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+
+  if (n_cells == 0) return;
+
+  /*
+   * To handle this, we have to:
+   *
+   * 1.) Adjust the circuit's cell counter in the cmux hash table
+   * 2.) Move the circuit to the tail of the active_circuits linked list
+   *     for this cmux, or make the circuit inactive if the cell count
+   *     went to zero.
+   * 3.) Call cmux->policy->notify_xmit_cells(), if any
+   */
+
+  /* Find the hash entry */
+  hashent = circuitmux_find_map_entry(cmux, circ);
+  /* Assert that we found one */
+  tor_assert(hashent);
+
+  /* Adjust the cell counter and assert that we had that many cells to send */
+  tor_assert(n_cells <= hashent->muxinfo.cell_count);
+  hashent->muxinfo.cell_count -= n_cells;
+  /* Do we need to make the circuit inactive? */
+  if (hashent->muxinfo.cell_count == 0) becomes_inactive = 1;
+  /* Adjust the mux cell counter */
+  cmux->n_cells -= n_cells;
+
+  /* If we aren't making it inactive later, move it to the tail of the list */
+  if (!becomes_inactive) {
+    circuitmux_move_active_circ_to_tail(cmux, circ,
+                                        hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * We call notify_xmit_cells() before making the circuit inactive if needed,
+   * so the policy can always count on this coming in on an active circuit.
+   */
+  if (cmux->policy && cmux->policy->notify_xmit_cells) {
+    cmux->policy->notify_xmit_cells(cmux, cmux->policy_data, circ,
+                                    hashent->muxinfo.policy_data,
+                                    n_cells);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Now make the circuit inactive if needed; this will call the policy's
+   * notify_circ_inactive() if present.
+   */
+  if (becomes_inactive) {
+    --(cmux->n_active_circuits);
+    circuitmux_make_circuit_inactive(cmux, circ, hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+  }
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_paranoid(cmux);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux consistency checking assertions
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Check that circuitmux data structures are consistent and fail with an
+ * assert if not.
+ */
+
+void
+circuitmux_assert_okay(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  /*
+   * Pass 1: iterate the hash table; for each entry:
+   *  a) Check that the circuit has this cmux for n_mux or p_mux
+   *  b) If the cell_count is > 0, set the mark bit; otherwise clear it
+   *  c) Also check activeness (cell_count > 0 should be active)
+   *  d) Count the number of circuits, active circuits and queued cells
+   *     and at the end check that they match the counters in the cmux.
+   *
+   * Pass 2: iterate the active circuits list; for each entry,
+   *         make sure the circuit is attached to this mux and appears
+   *         in the hash table.  Make sure the mark bit is 1, and clear
+   *         it in the hash table entry.  Consistency-check the linked
+   *         list pointers.
+   *
+   * Pass 3: iterate the hash table again; assert if any active circuits
+   *         (mark bit set to 1) are discovered that weren't cleared in pass 2
+   *         (don't appear in the linked list).
+   */
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_one(cmux);
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_two(cmux);
+  circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_three(cmux);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do the first pass of circuitmux_assert_okay(); see the comment in that
+ * function.
+ */
+
+static void
+circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_one(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t **i = NULL;
+  uint64_t chan_id;
+  channel_t *chan;
+  circid_t circ_id;
+  circuit_t *circ;
+  or_circuit_t *or_circ;
+  unsigned int circ_is_active;
+  circuit_t **next_p, **prev_p;
+  unsigned int n_circuits, n_active_circuits, n_cells;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+
+  /* Reset the counters */
+  n_circuits = n_active_circuits = n_cells = 0;
+  /* Start iterating the hash table */
+  i = HT_START(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+  while (i) {
+    /* Assert that the hash table entry isn't null */
+    tor_assert(*i);
+
+    /* Get the channel and circuit id */
+    chan_id = (*i)->chan_id;
+    circ_id = (*i)->circ_id;
+
+    /* Find the channel and circuit, assert that they exist */
+    chan = channel_find_by_global_id(chan_id);
+    tor_assert(chan);
+    circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel_even_if_marked(circ_id, chan);
+    tor_assert(circ);
+    /* Clear the circ_is_active bit to start */
+    circ_is_active = 0;
+
+    /* Assert that we know which direction this is going */
+    tor_assert((*i)->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT ||
+               (*i)->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+
+    if ((*i)->muxinfo.direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+      /* We should be n_mux on this circuit */
+      tor_assert(cmux == circ->n_mux);
+      tor_assert(chan == circ->n_chan);
+      /* Get next and prev for next test */
+      next_p = &(circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+      prev_p = &(circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+    } else {
+      /* This should be an or_circuit_t and we should be p_mux */
+      or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
+      tor_assert(cmux == or_circ->p_mux);
+      tor_assert(chan == or_circ->p_chan);
+      /* Get next and prev for next test */
+      next_p = &(or_circ->next_active_on_p_chan);
+      prev_p = &(or_circ->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Should this circuit be active?  I.e., does the mux know about > 0
+     * cells on it?
+     */
+    circ_is_active = ((*i)->muxinfo.cell_count > 0);
+
+    /* It should be in the linked list iff it's active */
+    if (circ_is_active) {
+      /* Either we have a next link or we are the tail */
+      tor_assert(*next_p || (circ == cmux->active_circuits_tail));
+      /* Either we have a prev link or we are the head */
+      tor_assert(*prev_p || (circ == cmux->active_circuits_head));
+      /* Increment the active circuits counter */
+      ++n_active_circuits;
+    } else {
+      /* Shouldn't be in list, so no next or prev link */
+      tor_assert(!(*next_p));
+      tor_assert(!(*prev_p));
+      /* And can't be head or tail */
+      tor_assert(circ != cmux->active_circuits_head);
+      tor_assert(circ != cmux->active_circuits_tail);
+    }
+
+    /* Increment the circuits counter */
+    ++n_circuits;
+    /* Adjust the cell counter */
+    n_cells += (*i)->muxinfo.cell_count;
+
+    /* Set the mark bit to circ_is_active */
+    (*i)->muxinfo.mark = circ_is_active;
+
+    /* Advance to the next entry */
+    i = HT_NEXT(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map, i);
+  }
+
+  /* Now check the counters */
+  tor_assert(n_cells == cmux->n_cells);
+  tor_assert(n_circuits == cmux->n_circuits);
+  tor_assert(n_active_circuits == cmux->n_active_circuits);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do the second pass of circuitmux_assert_okay(); see the comment in that
+ * function.
+ */
+
+static void
+circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_two(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  circuit_t *curr_circ, *prev_circ = NULL, *next_circ;
+  or_circuit_t *curr_or_circ;
+  uint64_t curr_chan_id;
+  circid_t curr_circ_id;
+  circuit_t **next_p, **prev_p;
+  channel_t *chan;
+  unsigned int n_active_circuits = 0;
+  cell_direction_t direction;
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t search, *hashent = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+
+  /*
+   * Walk the linked list of active circuits in cmux; keep track of the
+   * previous circuit seen for consistency checking purposes.  Count them
+   * to make sure the number in the linked list matches
+   * cmux->n_active_circuits.
+   */
+  curr_circ = cmux->active_circuits_head;
+  while (curr_circ) {
+    /* Reset some things */
+    chan = NULL;
+    curr_or_circ = NULL;
+    next_circ = NULL;
+    next_p = prev_p = NULL;
+    direction = 0;
+
+    /* Figure out if this is n_mux or p_mux */
+    if (cmux == curr_circ->n_mux) {
+      /* Get next_p and prev_p */
+      next_p = &(curr_circ->next_active_on_n_chan);
+      prev_p = &(curr_circ->prev_active_on_n_chan);
+      /* Get the channel */
+      chan = curr_circ->n_chan;
+      /* Get the circuit id */
+      curr_circ_id = curr_circ->n_circ_id;
+      /* Remember the direction */
+      direction = CELL_DIRECTION_OUT;
+    } else {
+      /* We must be p_mux and this must be an or_circuit_t */
+      curr_or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(curr_circ);
+      tor_assert(cmux == curr_or_circ->p_mux);
+      /* Get next_p and prev_p */
+      next_p = &(curr_or_circ->next_active_on_p_chan);
+      prev_p = &(curr_or_circ->prev_active_on_p_chan);
+      /* Get the channel */
+      chan = curr_or_circ->p_chan;
+      /* Get the circuit id */
+      curr_circ_id = curr_or_circ->p_circ_id;
+      /* Remember the direction */
+      direction = CELL_DIRECTION_IN;
+    }
+
+    /* Assert that we got a channel and get the channel ID */
+    tor_assert(chan);
+    curr_chan_id = chan->global_identifier;
+
+    /* Assert that prev_p points to last circuit we saw */
+    tor_assert(*prev_p == prev_circ);
+    /* If that's NULL, assert that we are the head */
+    if (!(*prev_p)) tor_assert(curr_circ == cmux->active_circuits_head);
+
+    /* Get the next circuit */
+    next_circ = *next_p;
+    /* If it's NULL, assert that we are the tail */
+    if (!(*next_p)) tor_assert(curr_circ == cmux->active_circuits_tail);
+
+    /* Now find the hash table entry for this circuit */
+    search.chan_id = curr_chan_id;
+    search.circ_id = curr_circ_id;
+    hashent = HT_FIND(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map,
+                      &search);
+
+    /* Assert that we have one */
+    tor_assert(hashent);
+
+    /* Assert that the direction matches */
+    tor_assert(direction == hashent->muxinfo.direction);
+
+    /* Assert that the hash entry got marked in pass one */
+    tor_assert(hashent->muxinfo.mark);
+
+    /* Clear the mark */
+    hashent->muxinfo.mark = 0;
+
+    /* Increment the counter */
+    ++n_active_circuits;
+
+    /* Advance to the next active circuit and update prev_circ */
+    prev_circ = curr_circ;
+    curr_circ = next_circ;
+  }
+
+  /* Assert that the counter matches the cmux */
+  tor_assert(n_active_circuits == cmux->n_active_circuits);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do the third pass of circuitmux_assert_okay(); see the comment in that
+ * function.
+ */
+
+static void
+circuitmux_assert_okay_pass_three(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  chanid_circid_muxinfo_t **i = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+
+  /* Start iterating the hash table */
+  i = HT_START(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map);
+
+  /* Advance through each entry */
+  while (i) {
+    /* Assert that it isn't null */
+    tor_assert(*i);
+
+    /*
+     * Assert that this entry is not marked - i.e., that either we didn't
+     * think it should be active in pass one or we saw it in the active
+     * circuits linked list.
+     */
+    tor_assert(!((*i)->muxinfo.mark));
+
+    /* Advance to the next entry */
+    i = HT_NEXT(chanid_circid_muxinfo_map, cmux->chanid_circid_map, i);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitmux.h b/src/or/circuitmux.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25644ffab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitmux.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file circuitmux.h
+ * \brief Header file for circuitmux.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITMUX_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITMUX_H
+
+#include "or.h"
+
+typedef struct circuitmux_policy_s circuitmux_policy_t;
+typedef struct circuitmux_policy_data_s circuitmux_policy_data_t;
+typedef struct circuitmux_policy_circ_data_s circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t;
+
+struct circuitmux_policy_s {
+  /* Allocate cmux-wide policy-specific data */
+  circuitmux_policy_data_t * (*alloc_cmux_data)(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+  /* Free cmux-wide policy-specific data */
+  void (*free_cmux_data)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                         circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data);
+  /* Allocate circuit policy-specific data for a newly attached circuit */
+  circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *
+    (*alloc_circ_data)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                       circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                       circuit_t *circ,
+                       cell_direction_t direction,
+                       unsigned int cell_count);
+  /* Free circuit policy-specific data */
+  void (*free_circ_data)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                         circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                         circuit_t *circ,
+                         circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+  /* Notify that a circuit has become active/inactive */
+  void (*notify_circ_active)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                             circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                             circuit_t *circ,
+                             circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+  void (*notify_circ_inactive)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                               circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                               circuit_t *circ,
+                               circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+  /* Notify of arriving/transmitted cells on a circuit */
+  void (*notify_set_n_cells)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                             circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                             circuit_t *circ,
+                             circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data,
+                             unsigned int n_cells);
+  void (*notify_xmit_cells)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                            circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                            circuit_t *circ,
+                            circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data,
+                            unsigned int n_cells);
+  /* Choose a circuit */
+  circuit_t * (*pick_active_circuit)(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                                     circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data);
+};
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux policy implementations can subclass this to store circuitmux-
+ * wide data; it just has the magic number in the base struct.
+ */
+
+struct circuitmux_policy_data_s {
+  uint32_t magic;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Circuitmux policy implementations can subclass this to store circuit-
+ * specific data; it just has the magic number in the base struct.
+ */
+
+struct circuitmux_policy_circ_data_s {
+  uint32_t magic;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Upcast #defines for the above types
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Convert a circuitmux_policy_data_t subtype to a circuitmux_policy_data_t.
+ */
+
+#define TO_CMUX_POL_DATA(x)  (&((x)->base_))
+
+/**
+ * Convert a circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t subtype to a
+ * circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t.
+ */
+
+#define TO_CMUX_POL_CIRC_DATA(x)  (&((x)->base_))
+
+/* Consistency check */
+void circuitmux_assert_okay(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+
+/* Create/destroy */
+circuitmux_t * circuitmux_alloc(void);
+void circuitmux_detach_all_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+void circuitmux_free(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+
+/* Policy control */
+void circuitmux_clear_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+const circuitmux_policy_t * circuitmux_get_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+void circuitmux_set_policy(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                           const circuitmux_policy_t *pol);
+
+/* Status inquiries */
+cell_direction_t circuitmux_attached_circuit_direction(
+    circuitmux_t *cmux,
+    circuit_t *circ);
+int circuitmux_is_circuit_attached(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+int circuitmux_is_circuit_active(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+unsigned int circuitmux_num_cells_for_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                                              circuit_t *circ);
+unsigned int circuitmux_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+unsigned int circuitmux_num_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+unsigned int circuitmux_num_active_circuits(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+
+/* Channel interface */
+circuit_t * circuitmux_get_first_active_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+void circuitmux_notify_xmit_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                                  unsigned int n_cells);
+
+/* Circuit interface */
+void circuitmux_attach_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                               cell_direction_t direction);
+void circuitmux_detach_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+void circuitmux_clear_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ);
+void circuitmux_set_num_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuit_t *circ,
+                              unsigned int n_cells);
+
+#endif /* TOR_CIRCUITMUX_H */
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.c b/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f37d7b9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.c
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file circuitmux_ewma.c
+ * \brief EWMA circuit selection as a circuitmux_t policy
+ **/
+
+#define TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_C_
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+#include "circuitmux_ewma.h"
+#include "networkstatus.h"
+
+/*** EWMA parameter #defines ***/
+
+/** How long does a tick last (seconds)? */
+#define EWMA_TICK_LEN 10
+
+/** The default per-tick scale factor, if it hasn't been overridden by a
+ * consensus or a configuration setting.  zero means "disabled". */
+#define EWMA_DEFAULT_HALFLIFE 0.0
+
+/*** Some useful constant #defines ***/
+
+/*DOCDOC*/
+#define EPSILON 0.00001
+/*DOCDOC*/
+#define LOG_ONEHALF -0.69314718055994529
+
+/*** EWMA structures ***/
+
+typedef struct cell_ewma_s cell_ewma_t;
+typedef struct ewma_policy_data_s ewma_policy_data_t;
+typedef struct ewma_policy_circ_data_s ewma_policy_circ_data_t;
+
+/**
+ * The cell_ewma_t structure keeps track of how many cells a circuit has
+ * transferred recently.  It keeps an EWMA (exponentially weighted moving
+ * average) of the number of cells flushed from the circuit queue onto a
+ * connection in channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit().
+ */
+
+struct cell_ewma_s {
+  /** The last 'tick' at which we recalibrated cell_count.
+   *
+   * A cell sent at exactly the start of this tick has weight 1.0. Cells sent
+   * since the start of this tick have weight greater than 1.0; ones sent
+   * earlier have less weight. */
+  unsigned int last_adjusted_tick;
+  /** The EWMA of the cell count. */
+  double cell_count;
+  /** True iff this is the cell count for a circuit's previous
+   * channel. */
+  unsigned int is_for_p_chan : 1;
+  /** The position of the circuit within the OR connection's priority
+   * queue. */
+  int heap_index;
+};
+
+struct ewma_policy_data_s {
+  circuitmux_policy_data_t base_;
+
+  /**
+   * Priority queue of cell_ewma_t for circuits with queued cells waiting
+   * for room to free up on the channel that owns this circuitmux.  Kept
+   * in heap order according to EWMA.  This was formerly in channel_t, and
+   * in or_connection_t before that.
+   */
+  smartlist_t *active_circuit_pqueue;
+
+  /**
+   * The tick on which the cell_ewma_ts in active_circuit_pqueue last had
+   * their ewma values rescaled.  This was formerly in channel_t, and in
+   * or_connection_t before that.
+   */
+  unsigned int active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated;
+};
+
+struct ewma_policy_circ_data_s {
+  circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t base_;
+
+  /**
+   * The EWMA count for the number of cells flushed from this circuit
+   * onto this circuitmux.  Used to determine which circuit to flush
+   * from next.  This was formerly in circuit_t and or_circuit_t.
+   */
+  cell_ewma_t cell_ewma;
+
+  /**
+   * Pointer back to the circuit_t this is for; since we're separating
+   * out circuit selection policy like this, we can't attach cell_ewma_t
+   * to the circuit_t any more, so we can't use SUBTYPE_P directly to a
+   * circuit_t like before; instead get it here.
+   */
+  circuit_t *circ;
+};
+
+#define EWMA_POL_DATA_MAGIC 0x2fd8b16aU
+#define EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA_MAGIC 0x761e7747U
+
+/*** Downcasts for the above types ***/
+
+static ewma_policy_data_t *
+TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(circuitmux_policy_data_t *);
+
+static ewma_policy_circ_data_t *
+TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *);
+
+/**
+ * Downcast a circuitmux_policy_data_t to an ewma_policy_data_t and assert
+ * if the cast is impossible.
+ */
+
+static INLINE ewma_policy_data_t *
+TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol)
+{
+  if (!pol) return NULL;
+  else {
+    tor_assert(pol->magic == EWMA_POL_DATA_MAGIC);
+    return DOWNCAST(ewma_policy_data_t, pol);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Downcast a circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t to an ewma_policy_circ_data_t
+ * and assert if the cast is impossible.
+ */
+
+static INLINE ewma_policy_circ_data_t *
+TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol)
+{
+  if (!pol) return NULL;
+  else {
+    tor_assert(pol->magic == EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA_MAGIC);
+    return DOWNCAST(ewma_policy_circ_data_t, pol);
+  }
+}
+
+/*** Static declarations for circuitmux_ewma.c ***/
+
+static void add_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol, cell_ewma_t *ewma);
+static int compare_cell_ewma_counts(const void *p1, const void *p2);
+static unsigned cell_ewma_tick_from_timeval(const struct timeval *now,
+                                            double *remainder_out);
+static circuit_t * cell_ewma_to_circuit(cell_ewma_t *ewma);
+static INLINE double get_scale_factor(unsigned from_tick, unsigned to_tick);
+static cell_ewma_t * pop_first_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol);
+static void remove_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol, cell_ewma_t *ewma);
+static void scale_single_cell_ewma(cell_ewma_t *ewma, unsigned cur_tick);
+static void scale_active_circuits(ewma_policy_data_t *pol,
+                                  unsigned cur_tick);
+
+/*** Circuitmux policy methods ***/
+
+static circuitmux_policy_data_t * ewma_alloc_cmux_data(circuitmux_t *cmux);
+static void ewma_free_cmux_data(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                                circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data);
+static circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *
+ewma_alloc_circ_data(circuitmux_t *cmux, circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                     circuit_t *circ, cell_direction_t direction,
+                     unsigned int cell_count);
+static void
+ewma_free_circ_data(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                    circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                    circuit_t *circ,
+                    circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+static void
+ewma_notify_circ_active(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                        circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                        circuit_t *circ,
+                        circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+static void
+ewma_notify_circ_inactive(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                          circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                          circuit_t *circ,
+                          circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data);
+static void
+ewma_notify_xmit_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                       circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                       circuit_t *circ,
+                       circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data,
+                       unsigned int n_cells);
+static circuit_t *
+ewma_pick_active_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                         circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data);
+
+/*** EWMA global variables ***/
+
+/** The per-tick scale factor to be used when computing cell-count EWMA
+ * values.  (A cell sent N ticks before the start of the current tick
+ * has value ewma_scale_factor ** N.)
+ */
+static double ewma_scale_factor = 0.1;
+/* DOCDOC ewma_enabled */
+static int ewma_enabled = 0;
+
+/*** EWMA circuitmux_policy_t method table ***/
+
+circuitmux_policy_t ewma_policy = {
+  /*.alloc_cmux_data =*/ ewma_alloc_cmux_data,
+  /*.free_cmux_data =*/ ewma_free_cmux_data,
+  /*.alloc_circ_data =*/ ewma_alloc_circ_data,
+  /*.free_circ_data =*/ ewma_free_circ_data,
+  /*.notify_circ_active =*/ ewma_notify_circ_active,
+  /*.notify_circ_inactive =*/ ewma_notify_circ_inactive,
+  /*.notify_set_n_cells =*/ NULL, /* EWMA doesn't need this */
+  /*.notify_xmit_cells =*/ ewma_notify_xmit_cells,
+  /*.pick_active_circuit =*/ ewma_pick_active_circuit
+};
+
+/*** EWMA method implementations using the below EWMA helper functions ***/
+
+/**
+ * Allocate an ewma_policy_data_t and upcast it to a circuitmux_policy_data_t;
+ * this is called when setting the policy on a circuitmux_t to ewma_policy.
+ */
+
+static circuitmux_policy_data_t *
+ewma_alloc_cmux_data(circuitmux_t *cmux)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+
+  pol = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*pol));
+  pol->base_.magic = EWMA_POL_DATA_MAGIC;
+  pol->active_circuit_pqueue = smartlist_new();
+  pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated = cell_ewma_get_tick();
+
+  return TO_CMUX_POL_DATA(pol);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free an ewma_policy_data_t allocated with ewma_alloc_cmux_data()
+ */
+
+static void
+ewma_free_cmux_data(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                    circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  if (!pol_data) return;
+
+  pol = TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(pol_data);
+
+  smartlist_free(pol->active_circuit_pqueue);
+  tor_free(pol);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate an ewma_policy_circ_data_t and upcast it to a
+ * circuitmux_policy_data_t; this is called when attaching a circuit to a
+ * circuitmux_t with ewma_policy.
+ */
+
+static circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *
+ewma_alloc_circ_data(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                     circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                     circuit_t *circ,
+                     cell_direction_t direction,
+                     unsigned int cell_count)
+{
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT ||
+             direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN);
+  /* Shut the compiler up */
+  tor_assert(cell_count == cell_count);
+
+  cdata = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*cdata));
+  cdata->base_.magic = EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA_MAGIC;
+  cdata->circ = circ;
+
+  /*
+   * Initialize the cell_ewma_t structure (formerly in
+   * init_circuit_base())
+   */
+  cdata->cell_ewma.last_adjusted_tick = cell_ewma_get_tick();
+  cdata->cell_ewma.cell_count = 0.0;
+  cdata->cell_ewma.heap_index = -1;
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_IN) {
+    cdata->cell_ewma.is_for_p_chan = 1;
+  } else {
+    cdata->cell_ewma.is_for_p_chan = 0;
+  }
+
+  return TO_CMUX_POL_CIRC_DATA(cdata);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free an ewma_policy_circ_data_t allocated with ewma_alloc_circ_data()
+ */
+
+static void
+ewma_free_circ_data(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                    circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                    circuit_t *circ,
+                    circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data)
+
+{
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+
+  if (!pol_circ_data) return;
+
+  cdata = TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(pol_circ_data);
+
+  tor_free(cdata);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle circuit activation; this inserts the circuit's cell_ewma into
+ * the active_circuits_pqueue.
+ */
+
+static void
+ewma_notify_circ_active(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                        circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                        circuit_t *circ,
+                        circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(pol_circ_data);
+
+  pol = TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(pol_data);
+  cdata = TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(pol_circ_data);
+
+  add_cell_ewma(pol, &(cdata->cell_ewma));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle circuit deactivation; this removes the circuit's cell_ewma from
+ * the active_circuits_pqueue.
+ */
+
+static void
+ewma_notify_circ_inactive(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                          circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                          circuit_t *circ,
+                          circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(pol_circ_data);
+
+  pol = TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(pol_data);
+  cdata = TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(pol_circ_data);
+
+  remove_cell_ewma(pol, &(cdata->cell_ewma));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update cell_ewma for this circuit after we've sent some cells, and
+ * remove/reinsert it in the queue.  This used to be done (brokenly,
+ * see bug 6816) in channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit().
+ */
+
+static void
+ewma_notify_xmit_cells(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                       circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data,
+                       circuit_t *circ,
+                       circuitmux_policy_circ_data_t *pol_circ_data,
+                       unsigned int n_cells)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+  unsigned int tick;
+  double fractional_tick, ewma_increment;
+  /* The current (hi-res) time */
+  struct timeval now_hires;
+  cell_ewma_t *cell_ewma, *tmp;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+  tor_assert(circ);
+  tor_assert(pol_circ_data);
+  tor_assert(n_cells > 0);
+
+  pol = TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(pol_data);
+  cdata = TO_EWMA_POL_CIRC_DATA(pol_circ_data);
+
+  /* Rescale the EWMAs if needed */
+  tor_gettimeofday_cached(&now_hires);
+  tick = cell_ewma_tick_from_timeval(&now_hires, &fractional_tick);
+
+  if (tick != pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated) {
+    scale_active_circuits(pol, tick);
+  }
+
+  /* How much do we adjust the cell count in cell_ewma by? */
+  ewma_increment =
+    ((double)(n_cells)) * pow(ewma_scale_factor, -fractional_tick);
+
+  /* Do the adjustment */
+  cell_ewma = &(cdata->cell_ewma);
+  cell_ewma->cell_count += ewma_increment;
+
+  /*
+   * Since we just sent on this circuit, it should be at the head of
+   * the queue.  Pop the head, assert that it matches, then re-add.
+   */
+  tmp = pop_first_cell_ewma(pol);
+  tor_assert(tmp == cell_ewma);
+  add_cell_ewma(pol, cell_ewma);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pick the preferred circuit to send from; this will be the one with
+ * the lowest EWMA value in the priority queue.  This used to be done
+ * in channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit().
+ */
+
+static circuit_t *
+ewma_pick_active_circuit(circuitmux_t *cmux,
+                         circuitmux_policy_data_t *pol_data)
+{
+  ewma_policy_data_t *pol = NULL;
+  circuit_t *circ = NULL;
+  cell_ewma_t *cell_ewma = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cmux);
+  tor_assert(pol_data);
+
+  pol = TO_EWMA_POL_DATA(pol_data);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(pol->active_circuit_pqueue) > 0) {
+    /* Get the head of the queue */
+    cell_ewma = smartlist_get(pol->active_circuit_pqueue, 0);
+    circ = cell_ewma_to_circuit(cell_ewma);
+  }
+
+  return circ;
+}
+
+/** Helper for sorting cell_ewma_t values in their priority queue. */
+static int
+compare_cell_ewma_counts(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+  const cell_ewma_t *e1 = p1, *e2 = p2;
+
+  if (e1->cell_count < e2->cell_count)
+    return -1;
+  else if (e1->cell_count > e2->cell_count)
+    return 1;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/** Given a cell_ewma_t, return a pointer to the circuit containing it. */
+static circuit_t *
+cell_ewma_to_circuit(cell_ewma_t *ewma)
+{
+  ewma_policy_circ_data_t *cdata = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(ewma);
+  cdata = SUBTYPE_P(ewma, ewma_policy_circ_data_t, cell_ewma);
+  tor_assert(cdata);
+
+  return cdata->circ;
+}
+
+/* ==== Functions for scaling cell_ewma_t ====
+
+   When choosing which cells to relay first, we favor circuits that have been
+   quiet recently.  This gives better latency on connections that aren't
+   pushing lots of data, and makes the network feel more interactive.
+
+   Conceptually, we take an exponentially weighted mean average of the number
+   of cells a circuit has sent, and allow active circuits (those with cells to
+   relay) to send cells in reverse order of their exponentially-weighted mean
+   average (EWMA) cell count.  [That is, a cell sent N seconds ago 'counts'
+   F^N times as much as a cell sent now, for 0<F<1.0, and we favor the
+   circuit that has sent the fewest cells]
+
+   If 'double' had infinite precision, we could do this simply by counting a
+   cell sent at startup as having weight 1.0, and a cell sent N seconds later
+   as having weight F^-N.  This way, we would never need to re-scale
+   any already-sent cells.
+
+   To prevent double from overflowing, we could count a cell sent now as
+   having weight 1.0 and a cell sent N seconds ago as having weight F^N.
+   This, however, would mean we'd need to re-scale *ALL* old circuits every
+   time we wanted to send a cell.
+
+   So as a compromise, we divide time into 'ticks' (currently, 10-second
+   increments) and say that a cell sent at the start of a current tick is
+   worth 1.0, a cell sent N seconds before the start of the current tick is
+   worth F^N, and a cell sent N seconds after the start of the current tick is
+   worth F^-N.  This way we don't overflow, and we don't need to constantly
+   rescale.
+ */
+
+/** Given a timeval <b>now</b>, compute the cell_ewma tick in which it occurs
+ * and the fraction of the tick that has elapsed between the start of the tick
+ * and <b>now</b>.  Return the former and store the latter in
+ * *<b>remainder_out</b>.
+ *
+ * These tick values are not meant to be shared between Tor instances, or used
+ * for other purposes. */
+
+static unsigned
+cell_ewma_tick_from_timeval(const struct timeval *now,
+                            double *remainder_out)
+{
+  unsigned res = (unsigned) (now->tv_sec / EWMA_TICK_LEN);
+  /* rem */
+  double rem = (now->tv_sec % EWMA_TICK_LEN) +
+    ((double)(now->tv_usec)) / 1.0e6;
+  *remainder_out = rem / EWMA_TICK_LEN;
+  return res;
+}
+
+/** Tell the caller whether ewma_enabled is set */
+int
+cell_ewma_enabled(void)
+{
+  return ewma_enabled;
+}
+
+/** Compute and return the current cell_ewma tick. */
+unsigned int
+cell_ewma_get_tick(void)
+{
+  return ((unsigned)approx_time() / EWMA_TICK_LEN);
+}
+
+/** Adjust the global cell scale factor based on <b>options</b> */
+void
+cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(const or_options_t *options,
+                           const networkstatus_t *consensus)
+{
+  int32_t halflife_ms;
+  double halflife;
+  const char *source;
+  if (options && options->CircuitPriorityHalflife >= -EPSILON) {
+    halflife = options->CircuitPriorityHalflife;
+    source = "CircuitPriorityHalflife in configuration";
+  } else if (consensus && (halflife_ms = networkstatus_get_param(
+                 consensus, "CircuitPriorityHalflifeMsec",
+                 -1, -1, INT32_MAX)) >= 0) {
+    halflife = ((double)halflife_ms)/1000.0;
+    source = "CircuitPriorityHalflifeMsec in consensus";
+  } else {
+    halflife = EWMA_DEFAULT_HALFLIFE;
+    source = "Default value";
+  }
+
+  if (halflife <= EPSILON) {
+    /* The cell EWMA algorithm is disabled. */
+    ewma_scale_factor = 0.1;
+    ewma_enabled = 0;
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Disabled cell_ewma algorithm because of value in %s",
+             source);
+  } else {
+    /* convert halflife into halflife-per-tick. */
+    halflife /= EWMA_TICK_LEN;
+    /* compute per-tick scale factor. */
+    ewma_scale_factor = exp( LOG_ONEHALF / halflife );
+    ewma_enabled = 1;
+    log_info(LD_OR,
+             "Enabled cell_ewma algorithm because of value in %s; "
+             "scale factor is %f per %d seconds",
+             source, ewma_scale_factor, EWMA_TICK_LEN);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return the multiplier necessary to convert the value of a cell sent in
+ * 'from_tick' to one sent in 'to_tick'. */
+static INLINE double
+get_scale_factor(unsigned from_tick, unsigned to_tick)
+{
+  /* This math can wrap around, but that's okay: unsigned overflow is
+     well-defined */
+  int diff = (int)(to_tick - from_tick);
+  return pow(ewma_scale_factor, diff);
+}
+
+/** Adjust the cell count of <b>ewma</b> so that it is scaled with respect to
+ * <b>cur_tick</b> */
+static void
+scale_single_cell_ewma(cell_ewma_t *ewma, unsigned cur_tick)
+{
+  double factor = get_scale_factor(ewma->last_adjusted_tick, cur_tick);
+  ewma->cell_count *= factor;
+  ewma->last_adjusted_tick = cur_tick;
+}
+
+/** Adjust the cell count of every active circuit on <b>chan</b> so
+ * that they are scaled with respect to <b>cur_tick</b> */
+static void
+scale_active_circuits(ewma_policy_data_t *pol, unsigned cur_tick)
+{
+  double factor;
+
+  tor_assert(pol);
+  tor_assert(pol->active_circuit_pqueue);
+
+  factor =
+    get_scale_factor(
+      pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated,
+      cur_tick);
+  /** Ordinarily it isn't okay to change the value of an element in a heap,
+   * but it's okay here, since we are preserving the order. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(
+      pol->active_circuit_pqueue,
+      cell_ewma_t *, e) {
+    tor_assert(e->last_adjusted_tick ==
+               pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated);
+    e->cell_count *= factor;
+    e->last_adjusted_tick = cur_tick;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+  pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated = cur_tick;
+}
+
+/** Rescale <b>ewma</b> to the same scale as <b>pol</b>, and add it to
+ * <b>pol</b>'s priority queue of active circuits */
+static void
+add_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol, cell_ewma_t *ewma)
+{
+  tor_assert(pol);
+  tor_assert(pol->active_circuit_pqueue);
+  tor_assert(ewma);
+  tor_assert(ewma->heap_index == -1);
+
+  scale_single_cell_ewma(
+      ewma,
+      pol->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated);
+
+  smartlist_pqueue_add(pol->active_circuit_pqueue,
+                       compare_cell_ewma_counts,
+                       STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index),
+                       ewma);
+}
+
+/** Remove <b>ewma</b> from <b>pol</b>'s priority queue of active circuits */
+static void
+remove_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol, cell_ewma_t *ewma)
+{
+  tor_assert(pol);
+  tor_assert(pol->active_circuit_pqueue);
+  tor_assert(ewma);
+  tor_assert(ewma->heap_index != -1);
+
+  smartlist_pqueue_remove(pol->active_circuit_pqueue,
+                          compare_cell_ewma_counts,
+                          STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index),
+                          ewma);
+}
+
+/** Remove and return the first cell_ewma_t from pol's priority queue of
+ * active circuits.  Requires that the priority queue is nonempty. */
+static cell_ewma_t *
+pop_first_cell_ewma(ewma_policy_data_t *pol)
+{
+  tor_assert(pol);
+  tor_assert(pol->active_circuit_pqueue);
+
+  return smartlist_pqueue_pop(pol->active_circuit_pqueue,
+                              compare_cell_ewma_counts,
+                              STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index));
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.h b/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a512745c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitmux_ewma.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file circuitmux_ewma.h
+ * \brief Header file for circuitmux_ewma.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_H
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+
+/* Everything but circuitmux_ewma.c should see this extern */
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_C_
+
+extern circuitmux_policy_t ewma_policy;
+
+#endif /* !(TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_C_) */
+
+/* Externally visible EWMA functions */
+int cell_ewma_enabled(void);
+unsigned int cell_ewma_get_tick(void);
+void cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(const or_options_t *options,
+                                const networkstatus_t *consensus);
+
+#endif /* TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_H */
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitstats.c b/src/or/circuitstats.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d7812bf2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitstats.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1556 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#define CIRCUITSTATS_PRIVATE
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
+#include "control.h"
+#include "networkstatus.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
+
+#undef log
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define CBT_BIN_TO_MS(bin) ((bin)*CBT_BIN_WIDTH + (CBT_BIN_WIDTH/2))
+
+/** Global list of circuit build times */
+// XXXX: Add this as a member for entry_guard_t instead of global?
+// Then we could do per-guard statistics, as guards are likely to
+// vary in their own latency. The downside of this is that guards
+// can change frequently, so we'd be building a lot more circuits
+// most likely.
+/* XXXX024 Make this static; add accessor functions. */
+circuit_build_times_t circ_times;
+
+/** If set, we're running the unit tests: we should avoid clobbering
+ * our state file or accessing get_options() or get_or_state() */
+static int unit_tests = 0;
+
+/**
+ * This function decides if CBT learning should be disabled. It returns
+ * true if one or more of the following four conditions are met:
+ *
+ *  1. If the cbtdisabled consensus parameter is set.
+ *  2. If the torrc option LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is false.
+ *  3. If we are a directory authority
+ *  4. If we fail to write circuit build time history to our state file.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_disabled(void)
+{
+  if (unit_tests) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    int consensus_disabled = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtdisabled",
+                                                     0, 0, 1);
+    int config_disabled = !get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout;
+    int dirauth_disabled = get_options()->AuthoritativeDir;
+    int state_disabled = did_last_state_file_write_fail() ? 1 : 0;
+
+    if (consensus_disabled || config_disabled || dirauth_disabled ||
+           state_disabled) {
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+               "CircuitBuildTime learning is disabled. "
+               "Consensus=%d, Config=%d, AuthDir=%d, StateFile=%d",
+               consensus_disabled, config_disabled, dirauth_disabled,
+               state_disabled);
+      return 1;
+    } else {
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC,
+                "CircuitBuildTime learning is not disabled. "
+                "Consensus=%d, Config=%d, AuthDir=%d, StateFile=%d",
+                consensus_disabled, config_disabled, dirauth_disabled,
+                state_disabled);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmaxtimeouts consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: When this many timeouts happen in the last 'cbtrecentcount'
+ * circuit attempts, the client should discard all of its history and
+ * begin learning a fresh timeout value.
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_max_timeouts(void)
+{
+  int32_t cbt_maxtimeouts;
+
+  cbt_maxtimeouts = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmaxtimeouts",
+                                 CBT_DEFAULT_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT,
+                                 CBT_MIN_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT,
+                                 CBT_MAX_MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_max_timeouts() called, cbtmaxtimeouts is"
+              " %d",
+              cbt_maxtimeouts);
+  }
+
+  return cbt_maxtimeouts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtnummodes consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This value governs how many modes to use in the weighted
+ * average calculation of Pareto parameter Xm. A value of 3 introduces
+ * some bias (2-5% of CDF) under ideal conditions, but allows for better
+ * performance in the event that a client chooses guard nodes of radically
+ * different performance characteristics.
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes(void)
+{
+  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtnummodes",
+                                        CBT_DEFAULT_NUM_XM_MODES,
+                                        CBT_MIN_NUM_XM_MODES,
+                                        CBT_MAX_NUM_XM_MODES);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes() called, cbtnummodes"
+              " is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmincircs consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the minimum number of circuits to build before
+ * computing a timeout.
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe(void)
+{
+  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmincircs",
+                                        CBT_DEFAULT_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE,
+                                        CBT_MIN_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE,
+                                        CBT_MAX_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe() called, cbtmincircs"
+              " is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>cbt</b> has recorded enough build times that we
+ * want to start acting on the timeout it implies. */
+int
+circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  return cbt->total_build_times >= circuit_build_times_min_circs_to_observe();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtquantile consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the position on the quantile curve to use to set the
+ * timeout value. It is a percent (10-99).
+ */
+double
+circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff(void)
+{
+  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtquantile",
+                                        CBT_DEFAULT_QUANTILE_CUTOFF,
+                                        CBT_MIN_QUANTILE_CUTOFF,
+                                        CBT_MAX_QUANTILE_CUTOFF);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff() called, cbtquantile"
+              " is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num/100.0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtclosequantile consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the position on the quantile curve to use to set the
+ * timeout value to use to actually close circuits. It is a percent
+ * (0-99).
+ */
+static double
+circuit_build_times_close_quantile(void)
+{
+  int32_t param;
+  /* Cast is safe - circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff() is capped */
+  int32_t min = (int)tor_lround(100*circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff());
+  param = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtclosequantile",
+             CBT_DEFAULT_CLOSE_QUANTILE,
+             CBT_MIN_CLOSE_QUANTILE,
+             CBT_MAX_CLOSE_QUANTILE);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_close_quantile() called, cbtclosequantile"
+              " is %d", param);
+  }
+
+  if (param < min) {
+    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Consensus parameter cbtclosequantile is "
+             "too small, raising to %d", min);
+    param = min;
+  }
+  return param / 100.0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbttestfreq consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: Describes how often in seconds to build a test circuit to
+ * gather timeout values. Only applies if less than 'cbtmincircs'
+ * have been recorded.
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_test_frequency(void)
+{
+  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbttestfreq",
+                                        CBT_DEFAULT_TEST_FREQUENCY,
+                                        CBT_MIN_TEST_FREQUENCY,
+                                        CBT_MAX_TEST_FREQUENCY);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_test_frequency() called, cbttestfreq is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtmintimeout consensus parameter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the minimum allowed timeout value in milliseconds.
+ * The minimum is to prevent rounding to 0 (we only check once
+ * per second).
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_min_timeout(void)
+{
+  int32_t num = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtmintimeout",
+                                        CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE,
+                                        CBT_MIN_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE,
+                                        CBT_MAX_TIMEOUT_MIN_VALUE);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_min_timeout() called, cbtmintimeout is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtinitialtimeout consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the timeout value to use before computing a timeout,
+ * in milliseconds.
+ */
+int32_t
+circuit_build_times_initial_timeout(void)
+{
+  int32_t min = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
+  int32_t param = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "cbtinitialtimeout",
+                                          CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE,
+                                          CBT_MIN_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE,
+                                          CBT_MAX_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_initial_timeout() called, "
+              "cbtinitialtimeout is %d",
+              param);
+  }
+
+  if (param < min) {
+    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Consensus parameter cbtinitialtimeout is too small, "
+             "raising to %d", min);
+    param = min;
+  }
+  return param;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve and bounds-check the cbtrecentcount consensus paramter.
+ *
+ * Effect: This is the number of circuit build times to keep track of
+ * for deciding if we hit cbtmaxtimeouts and need to reset our state
+ * and learn a new timeout.
+ */
+static int32_t
+circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(networkstatus_t *ns)
+{
+  int32_t num;
+  num = networkstatus_get_param(ns, "cbtrecentcount",
+                                CBT_DEFAULT_RECENT_CIRCUITS,
+                                CBT_MIN_RECENT_CIRCUITS,
+                                CBT_MAX_RECENT_CIRCUITS);
+
+  if (!(get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout)) {
+    log_debug(LD_BUG,
+              "circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count() called, "
+              "cbtrecentcount is %d",
+              num);
+  }
+
+  return num;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function is called when we get a consensus update.
+ *
+ * It checks to see if we have changed any consensus parameters
+ * that require reallocation or discard of previous stats.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_new_consensus_params(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                         networkstatus_t *ns)
+{
+  int32_t num;
+
+  /*
+   * First check if we're doing adaptive timeouts at all; nothing to
+   * update if we aren't.
+   */
+
+  if (!circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
+    num = circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(ns);
+
+    if (num > 0) {
+      if (num != cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs) {
+        int8_t *recent_circs;
+        log_notice(LD_CIRC, "The Tor Directory Consensus has changed how many "
+                   "circuits we must track to detect network failures from %d "
+                   "to %d.", cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs, num);
+
+        tor_assert(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop ||
+                   cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs == 0);
+
+        /*
+         * Technically this is a circular array that we are reallocating
+         * and memcopying. However, since it only consists of either 1s
+         * or 0s, and is only used in a statistical test to determine when
+         * we should discard our history after a sufficient number of 1's
+         * have been reached, it is fine if order is not preserved or
+         * elements are lost.
+         *
+         * cbtrecentcount should only be changing in cases of severe network
+         * distress anyway, so memory correctness here is paramount over
+         * doing acrobatics to preserve the array.
+         */
+        recent_circs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(int8_t)*num);
+        if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
+            cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
+          memcpy(recent_circs, cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop,
+                 sizeof(int8_t)*MIN(num, cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs));
+        }
+
+        // Adjust the index if it needs it.
+        if (num < cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs) {
+          cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx = MIN(num-1,
+                  cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx);
+        }
+
+        tor_free(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop);
+        cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop = recent_circs;
+        cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = num;
+      }
+      /* else no change, nothing to do */
+    } else { /* num == 0 */
+      /*
+       * Weird.  This probably shouldn't happen, so log a warning, but try
+       * to do something sensible anyway.
+       */
+
+      log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+               "The cbtrecentcircs consensus parameter came back zero!  "
+               "This disables adaptive timeouts since we can't keep track of "
+               "any recent circuits.");
+
+      circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(cbt);
+    }
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * Adaptive timeouts are disabled; this might be because of the
+     * LearnCircuitBuildTimes config parameter, and hence permanent, or
+     * the cbtdisabled consensus parameter, so it may be a new condition.
+     * Treat it like getting num == 0 above and free the circuit history
+     * if we have any.
+     */
+
+    circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(cbt);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the initial default or configured timeout in milliseconds
+ */
+static double
+circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout(void)
+{
+  double timeout;
+
+  /*
+   * Check if we have LearnCircuitBuildTimeout, and if we don't,
+   * always use CircuitBuildTimeout, no questions asked.
+   */
+  if (!unit_tests && get_options()->CircuitBuildTimeout) {
+    timeout = get_options()->CircuitBuildTimeout*1000;
+    if (get_options()->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout &&
+        timeout < circuit_build_times_min_timeout()) {
+      log_warn(LD_CIRC, "Config CircuitBuildTimeout too low. Setting to %ds",
+               circuit_build_times_min_timeout()/1000);
+      timeout = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
+    }
+  } else {
+    timeout = circuit_build_times_initial_timeout();
+  }
+
+  return timeout;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset the build time state.
+ *
+ * Leave estimated parameters, timeout and network liveness intact
+ * for future use.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_reset(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  memset(cbt->circuit_build_times, 0, sizeof(cbt->circuit_build_times));
+  cbt->total_build_times = 0;
+  cbt->build_times_idx = 0;
+  cbt->have_computed_timeout = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the buildtimes structure for first use.
+ *
+ * Sets the initial timeout values based on either the config setting,
+ * the consensus param, or the default (CBT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INITIAL_VALUE).
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_init(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  memset(cbt, 0, sizeof(*cbt));
+  /*
+   * Check if we really are using adaptive timeouts, and don't keep
+   * track of this stuff if not.
+   */
+  if (!circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
+    cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs =
+      circuit_build_times_recent_circuit_count(NULL);
+    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop =
+      tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(int8_t)*cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs);
+  } else {
+    cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = 0;
+    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop = NULL;
+  }
+  cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
+  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_RESET);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free the saved timeouts, if the cbtdisabled consensus parameter got turned
+ * on or something.
+ */
+
+void
+circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  if (!cbt) return;
+
+  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop) {
+    tor_free(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop);
+  }
+
+  cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs = 0;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/**
+ * Rewind our build time history by n positions.
+ */
+static void
+circuit_build_times_rewind_history(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, int n)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+
+  cbt->build_times_idx -= n;
+  cbt->build_times_idx %= CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    cbt->circuit_build_times[(i+cbt->build_times_idx)
+                             %CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE]=0;
+  }
+
+  if (cbt->total_build_times > n) {
+    cbt->total_build_times -= n;
+  } else {
+    cbt->total_build_times = 0;
+  }
+
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+          "Rewound history by %d places. Current index: %d. "
+          "Total: %d", n, cbt->build_times_idx, cbt->total_build_times);
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Add a new build time value <b>time</b> to the set of build times. Time
+ * units are milliseconds.
+ *
+ * circuit_build_times <b>cbt</b> is a circular array, so loop around when
+ * array is full.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_add_time(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, build_time_t time)
+{
+  if (time <= 0 || time > CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Circuit build time is too large (%u)."
+                      "This is probably a bug.", time);
+    tor_fragile_assert();
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Adding circuit build time %u", time);
+
+  cbt->circuit_build_times[cbt->build_times_idx] = time;
+  cbt->build_times_idx = (cbt->build_times_idx + 1) % CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE;
+  if (cbt->total_build_times < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE)
+    cbt->total_build_times++;
+
+  if ((cbt->total_build_times % CBT_SAVE_STATE_EVERY) == 0) {
+    /* Save state every n circuit builds */
+    if (!unit_tests && !get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
+      or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return maximum circuit build time
+ */
+static build_time_t
+circuit_build_times_max(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+  build_time_t max_build_time = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] > max_build_time
+            && cbt->circuit_build_times[i] != CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
+      max_build_time = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
+  }
+  return max_build_time;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/** Return minimum circuit build time */
+build_time_t
+circuit_build_times_min(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+  build_time_t min_build_time = CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] && /* 0 <-> uninitialized */
+        cbt->circuit_build_times[i] < min_build_time)
+      min_build_time = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
+  }
+  if (min_build_time == CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC, "No build times less than CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX!");
+  }
+  return min_build_time;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Calculate and return a histogram for the set of build times.
+ *
+ * Returns an allocated array of histrogram bins representing
+ * the frequency of index*CBT_BIN_WIDTH millisecond
+ * build times. Also outputs the number of bins in nbins.
+ *
+ * The return value must be freed by the caller.
+ */
+static uint32_t *
+circuit_build_times_create_histogram(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                     build_time_t *nbins)
+{
+  uint32_t *histogram;
+  build_time_t max_build_time = circuit_build_times_max(cbt);
+  int i, c;
+
+  *nbins = 1 + (max_build_time / CBT_BIN_WIDTH);
+  histogram = tor_malloc_zero(*nbins * sizeof(build_time_t));
+
+  // calculate histogram
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == 0
+            || cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
+      continue; /* 0 <-> uninitialized */
+
+    c = (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] / CBT_BIN_WIDTH);
+    histogram[c]++;
+  }
+
+  return histogram;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the Pareto start-of-curve parameter Xm.
+ *
+ * Because we are not a true Pareto curve, we compute this as the
+ * weighted average of the N most frequent build time bins. N is either
+ * 1 if we don't have enough circuit build time data collected, or
+ * determined by the consensus parameter cbtnummodes (default 3).
+ */
+static build_time_t
+circuit_build_times_get_xm(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  build_time_t i, nbins;
+  build_time_t *nth_max_bin;
+  int32_t bin_counts=0;
+  build_time_t ret = 0;
+  uint32_t *histogram = circuit_build_times_create_histogram(cbt, &nbins);
+  int n=0;
+  int num_modes = circuit_build_times_default_num_xm_modes();
+
+  tor_assert(nbins > 0);
+  tor_assert(num_modes > 0);
+
+  // Only use one mode if < 1000 buildtimes. Not enough data
+  // for multiple.
+  if (cbt->total_build_times < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE)
+    num_modes = 1;
+
+  nth_max_bin = (build_time_t*)tor_malloc_zero(num_modes*sizeof(build_time_t));
+
+  /* Determine the N most common build times */
+  for (i = 0; i < nbins; i++) {
+    if (histogram[i] >= histogram[nth_max_bin[0]]) {
+      nth_max_bin[0] = i;
+    }
+
+    for (n = 1; n < num_modes; n++) {
+      if (histogram[i] >= histogram[nth_max_bin[n]] &&
+           (!histogram[nth_max_bin[n-1]]
+               || histogram[i] < histogram[nth_max_bin[n-1]])) {
+        nth_max_bin[n] = i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (n = 0; n < num_modes; n++) {
+    bin_counts += histogram[nth_max_bin[n]];
+    ret += CBT_BIN_TO_MS(nth_max_bin[n])*histogram[nth_max_bin[n]];
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Xm mode #%d: %u %u", n, CBT_BIN_TO_MS(nth_max_bin[n]),
+             histogram[nth_max_bin[n]]);
+  }
+
+  /* The following assert is safe, because we don't get called when we
+   * haven't observed at least CBT_MIN_MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE circuits. */
+  tor_assert(bin_counts > 0);
+
+  ret /= bin_counts;
+  tor_free(histogram);
+  tor_free(nth_max_bin);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output a histogram of current circuit build times to
+ * the or_state_t state structure.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_update_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                 or_state_t *state)
+{
+  uint32_t *histogram;
+  build_time_t i = 0;
+  build_time_t nbins = 0;
+  config_line_t **next, *line;
+
+  histogram = circuit_build_times_create_histogram(cbt, &nbins);
+  // write to state
+  config_free_lines(state->BuildtimeHistogram);
+  next = &state->BuildtimeHistogram;
+  *next = NULL;
+
+  state->TotalBuildTimes = cbt->total_build_times;
+  state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED)
+      state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount++;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nbins; i++) {
+    // compress the histogram by skipping the blanks
+    if (histogram[i] == 0) continue;
+    *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+    line->key = tor_strdup("CircuitBuildTimeBin");
+    tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%d %d",
+            CBT_BIN_TO_MS(i), histogram[i]);
+    next = &(line->next);
+  }
+
+  if (!unit_tests) {
+    if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
+      or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
+  }
+
+  tor_free(histogram);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shuffle the build times array.
+ *
+ * Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
+ */
+static void
+circuit_build_times_shuffle_and_store_array(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                            build_time_t *raw_times,
+                                            uint32_t num_times)
+{
+  uint32_t n = num_times;
+  if (num_times > CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE) {
+    log_notice(LD_CIRC, "The number of circuit times that this Tor version "
+               "uses to calculate build times is less than the number stored "
+               "in your state file. Decreasing the circuit time history from "
+               "%lu to %d.", (unsigned long)num_times,
+               CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE);
+  }
+
+  if (n > INT_MAX-1) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC, "For some insane reasons, you had %lu circuit build "
+             "observations in your state file. That's far too many; probably "
+             "there's a bug here.", (unsigned long)n);
+    n = INT_MAX-1;
+  }
+
+  /* This code can only be run on a compact array */
+  while (n-- > 1) {
+    int k = crypto_rand_int(n + 1); /* 0 <= k <= n. */
+    build_time_t tmp = raw_times[k];
+    raw_times[k] = raw_times[n];
+    raw_times[n] = tmp;
+  }
+
+  /* Since the times are now shuffled, take a random CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE
+   * subset (ie the first CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE values) */
+  for (n = 0; n < MIN(num_times, CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE); n++) {
+    circuit_build_times_add_time(cbt, raw_times[n]);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Filter old synthetic timeouts that were created before the
+ * new right-censored Pareto calculation was deployed.
+ *
+ * Once all clients before 0.2.1.13-alpha are gone, this code
+ * will be unused.
+ */
+static int
+circuit_build_times_filter_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int num_filtered=0, i=0;
+  double timeout_rate = 0;
+  build_time_t max_timeout = 0;
+
+  timeout_rate = circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(cbt);
+  max_timeout = (build_time_t)cbt->close_ms;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] > max_timeout) {
+      build_time_t replaced = cbt->circuit_build_times[i];
+      num_filtered++;
+      cbt->circuit_build_times[i] = CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED;
+
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Replaced timeout %d with %d", replaced,
+               cbt->circuit_build_times[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+           "We had %d timeouts out of %d build times, "
+           "and filtered %d above the max of %u",
+          (int)(cbt->total_build_times*timeout_rate),
+          cbt->total_build_times, num_filtered, max_timeout);
+
+  return num_filtered;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load histogram from <b>state</b>, shuffling the resulting array
+ * after we do so. Use this result to estimate parameters and
+ * calculate the timeout.
+ *
+ * Return -1 on error.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_parse_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                or_state_t *state)
+{
+  int tot_values = 0;
+  uint32_t loaded_cnt = 0, N = 0;
+  config_line_t *line;
+  unsigned int i;
+  build_time_t *loaded_times;
+  int err = 0;
+  circuit_build_times_init(cbt);
+
+  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* build_time_t 0 means uninitialized */
+  loaded_times = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(build_time_t)*state->TotalBuildTimes);
+
+  for (line = state->BuildtimeHistogram; line; line = line->next) {
+    smartlist_t *args = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_split_string(args, line->value, " ",
+                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
+    if (smartlist_len(args) < 2) {
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
+                           "Too few arguments to CircuitBuildTime");
+      err = 1;
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+      smartlist_free(args);
+      break;
+    } else {
+      const char *ms_str = smartlist_get(args,0);
+      const char *count_str = smartlist_get(args,1);
+      uint32_t count, k;
+      build_time_t ms;
+      int ok;
+      ms = (build_time_t)tor_parse_ulong(ms_str, 0, 0,
+                                         CBT_BUILD_TIME_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+      if (!ok) {
+        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
+                             "Unparsable bin number");
+        err = 1;
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+        smartlist_free(args);
+        break;
+      }
+      count = (uint32_t)tor_parse_ulong(count_str, 0, 0,
+                                        UINT32_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+      if (!ok) {
+        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse circuit build times: "
+                             "Unparsable bin count");
+        err = 1;
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+        smartlist_free(args);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (loaded_cnt+count+state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount
+            > state->TotalBuildTimes) {
+        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Too many build times in state file. "
+                 "Stopping short before %d",
+                 loaded_cnt+count);
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+        smartlist_free(args);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      for (k = 0; k < count; k++) {
+        loaded_times[loaded_cnt++] = ms;
+      }
+      N++;
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+      smartlist_free(args);
+    }
+  }
+
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+           "Adding %d timeouts.", state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount);
+  for (i=0; i < state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount; i++) {
+    loaded_times[loaded_cnt++] = CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED;
+  }
+
+  if (loaded_cnt != state->TotalBuildTimes) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+            "Corrupt state file? Build times count mismatch. "
+            "Read %d times, but file says %d", loaded_cnt,
+            state->TotalBuildTimes);
+    err = 1;
+    circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  circuit_build_times_shuffle_and_store_array(cbt, loaded_times, loaded_cnt);
+
+  /* Verify that we didn't overwrite any indexes */
+  for (i=0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (!cbt->circuit_build_times[i])
+      break;
+    tot_values++;
+  }
+  log_info(LD_CIRC,
+           "Loaded %d/%d values from %d lines in circuit time histogram",
+           tot_values, cbt->total_build_times, N);
+
+  if (cbt->total_build_times != tot_values
+        || cbt->total_build_times > CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE) {
+    log_warn(LD_CIRC,
+            "Corrupt state file? Shuffled build times mismatch. "
+            "Read %d times, but file says %d", tot_values,
+            state->TotalBuildTimes);
+    err = 1;
+    circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  circuit_build_times_set_timeout(cbt);
+
+  if (!state->CircuitBuildAbandonedCount && cbt->total_build_times) {
+    circuit_build_times_filter_timeouts(cbt);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(loaded_times);
+  return err ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Estimates the Xm and Alpha parameters using
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Parameter_estimation
+ *
+ * The notable difference is that we use mode instead of min to estimate Xm.
+ * This is because our distribution is frechet-like. We claim this is
+ * an acceptable approximation because we are only concerned with the
+ * accuracy of the CDF of the tail.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_update_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  build_time_t *x=cbt->circuit_build_times;
+  double a = 0;
+  int n=0,i=0,abandoned_count=0;
+  build_time_t max_time=0;
+
+  /* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Parameter_estimation */
+  /* We sort of cheat here and make our samples slightly more pareto-like
+   * and less frechet-like. */
+  cbt->Xm = circuit_build_times_get_xm(cbt);
+
+  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
+
+  for (i=0; i< CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (!x[i]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (x[i] < cbt->Xm) {
+      a += tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm);
+    } else if (x[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED) {
+      abandoned_count++;
+    } else {
+      a += tor_mathlog(x[i]);
+      if (x[i] > max_time)
+        max_time = x[i];
+    }
+    n++;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * We are erring and asserting here because this can only happen
+   * in codepaths other than startup. The startup state parsing code
+   * performs this same check, and resets state if it hits it. If we
+   * hit it at runtime, something serious has gone wrong.
+   */
+  if (n!=cbt->total_build_times) {
+    log_err(LD_CIRC, "Discrepancy in build times count: %d vs %d", n,
+            cbt->total_build_times);
+  }
+  tor_assert(n==cbt->total_build_times);
+
+  if (max_time <= 0) {
+    /* This can happen if Xm is actually the *maximum* value in the set.
+     * It can also happen if we've abandoned every single circuit somehow.
+     * In either case, tell the caller not to compute a new build timeout. */
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Could not determine largest build time (%d). "
+             "Xm is %dms and we've abandoned %d out of %d circuits.", max_time,
+             cbt->Xm, abandoned_count, n);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  a += abandoned_count*tor_mathlog(max_time);
+
+  a -= n*tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm);
+  // Estimator comes from Eq #4 in:
+  // "Bayesian estimation based on trimmed samples from Pareto populations"
+  // by Arturo J. Fernández. We are right-censored only.
+  a = (n-abandoned_count)/a;
+
+  cbt->alpha = a;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is the Pareto Quantile Function. It calculates the point x
+ * in the distribution such that F(x) = quantile (ie quantile*100%
+ * of the mass of the density function is below x on the curve).
+ *
+ * We use it to calculate the timeout and also to generate synthetic
+ * values of time for circuits that timeout before completion.
+ *
+ * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function,
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_transform_sampling and
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Generating_a_
+ *     random_sample_from_Pareto_distribution
+ * That's right. I'll cite wikipedia all day long.
+ *
+ * Return value is in milliseconds.
+ */
+double
+circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                      double quantile)
+{
+  double ret;
+  tor_assert(quantile >= 0);
+  tor_assert(1.0-quantile > 0);
+  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
+
+  ret = cbt->Xm/pow(1.0-quantile,1.0/cbt->alpha);
+  if (ret > INT32_MAX) {
+    ret = INT32_MAX;
+  }
+  tor_assert(ret > 0);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/** Pareto CDF */
+double
+circuit_build_times_cdf(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, double x)
+{
+  double ret;
+  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
+  ret = 1.0-pow(cbt->Xm/x,cbt->alpha);
+  tor_assert(0 <= ret && ret <= 1.0);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a synthetic time using our distribution parameters.
+ *
+ * The return value will be within the [q_lo, q_hi) quantile points
+ * on the CDF.
+ */
+build_time_t
+circuit_build_times_generate_sample(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                    double q_lo, double q_hi)
+{
+  double randval = crypto_rand_double();
+  build_time_t ret;
+  double u;
+
+  /* Generate between [q_lo, q_hi) */
+  /*XXXX This is what nextafter is supposed to be for; we should use it on the
+   * platforms that support it. */
+  q_hi -= 1.0/(INT32_MAX);
+
+  tor_assert(q_lo >= 0);
+  tor_assert(q_hi < 1);
+  tor_assert(q_lo < q_hi);
+
+  u = q_lo + (q_hi-q_lo)*randval;
+
+  tor_assert(0 <= u && u < 1.0);
+  /* circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout returns <= INT32_MAX */
+  ret = (build_time_t)
+    tor_lround(circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt, u));
+  tor_assert(ret > 0);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Estimate an initial alpha parameter by solving the quantile
+ * function with a quantile point and a specific timeout value.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_initial_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                  double quantile, double timeout_ms)
+{
+  // Q(u) = Xm/((1-u)^(1/a))
+  // Q(0.8) = Xm/((1-0.8))^(1/a)) = CircBuildTimeout
+  // CircBuildTimeout = Xm/((1-0.8))^(1/a))
+  // CircBuildTimeout = Xm*((1-0.8))^(-1/a))
+  // ln(CircBuildTimeout) = ln(Xm)+ln(((1-0.8)))*(-1/a)
+  // -ln(1-0.8)/(ln(CircBuildTimeout)-ln(Xm))=a
+  tor_assert(quantile >= 0);
+  tor_assert(cbt->Xm > 0);
+  cbt->alpha = tor_mathlog(1.0-quantile)/
+    (tor_mathlog(cbt->Xm)-tor_mathlog(timeout_ms));
+  tor_assert(cbt->alpha > 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if we need circuits to be built
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  /* Return true if < MIN_CIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE */
+  return !circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(cbt);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if we should build a timeout test circuit
+ * right now.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_needs_circuits_now(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  return circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(cbt) &&
+    approx_time()-cbt->last_circ_at > circuit_build_times_test_frequency();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Called to indicate that the network showed some signs of liveness,
+ * i.e. we received a cell.
+ *
+ * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_live() to decide
+ * if we should record the circuit build timeout or not.
+ *
+ * This function is called every time we receive a cell. Avoid
+ * syscalls, events, and other high-intensity work.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_network_is_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  time_t now = approx_time();
+  if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts > 0) {
+    log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+               "Tor now sees network activity. Restoring circuit build "
+               "timeout recording. Network was down for %d seconds "
+               "during %d circuit attempts.",
+               (int)(now - cbt->liveness.network_last_live),
+               cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts);
+  }
+  cbt->liveness.network_last_live = now;
+  cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Called to indicate that we completed a circuit. Because this circuit
+ * succeeded, it doesn't count as a timeout-after-the-first-hop.
+ *
+ * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_changed() to determine
+ * if we had too many recent timeouts and need to reset our learned timeout
+ * to something higher.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_network_circ_success(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  /* Check for NULLness because we might not be using adaptive timeouts */
+  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
+      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
+    cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx]
+      = 0;
+    cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx++;
+    cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx %= cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A circuit just timed out. If it failed after the first hop, record it
+ * in our history for later deciding if the network speed has changed.
+ *
+ * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_changed() to determine
+ * if we had too many recent timeouts and need to reset our learned timeout
+ * to something higher.
+ */
+static void
+circuit_build_times_network_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                    int did_onehop)
+{
+  /* Check for NULLness because we might not be using adaptive timeouts */
+  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
+      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
+    if (did_onehop) {
+      cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx]
+        = 1;
+      cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx++;
+      cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx %= cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A circuit was just forcibly closed. If there has been no recent network
+ * activity at all, but this circuit was launched back when we thought the
+ * network was live, increment the number of "nonlive" circuit timeouts.
+ *
+ * This is used by circuit_build_times_network_check_live() to decide
+ * if we should record the circuit build timeout or not.
+ */
+static void
+circuit_build_times_network_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                    int did_onehop, time_t start_time)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  /*
+   * Check if this is a timeout that was for a circuit that spent its
+   * entire existence during a time where we have had no network activity.
+   */
+  if (cbt->liveness.network_last_live < start_time) {
+    if (did_onehop) {
+      char last_live_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+      char start_time_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+      char now_buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+      format_local_iso_time(last_live_buf, cbt->liveness.network_last_live);
+      format_local_iso_time(start_time_buf, start_time);
+      format_local_iso_time(now_buf, now);
+      log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+               "A circuit somehow completed a hop while the network was "
+               "not live. The network was last live at %s, but the circuit "
+               "launched at %s. It's now %s. This could mean your clock "
+               "changed.", last_live_buf, start_time_buf, now_buf);
+    }
+    cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts++;
+    if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts == 1) {
+      log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+                 "Tor has not observed any network activity for the past %d "
+                 "seconds. Disabling circuit build timeout recording.",
+                 (int)(now - cbt->liveness.network_last_live));
+    } else {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Got non-live timeout. Current count is: %d",
+             cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * When the network is not live, we do not record circuit build times.
+ *
+ * The network is considered not live if there has been at least one
+ * circuit build that began and ended (had its close_ms measurement
+ * period expire) since we last received a cell.
+ *
+ * Also has the side effect of rewinding the circuit time history
+ * in the case of recent liveness changes.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_network_check_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  if (cbt->liveness.nonlive_timeouts > 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if we have seen more than MAX_RECENT_TIMEOUT_COUNT of
+ * the past RECENT_CIRCUITS time out after the first hop. Used to detect
+ * if the network connection has changed significantly, and if so,
+ * resets our circuit build timeout to the default.
+ *
+ * Also resets the entire timeout history in this case and causes us
+ * to restart the process of building test circuits and estimating a
+ * new timeout.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int total_build_times = cbt->total_build_times;
+  int timeout_count=0;
+  int i;
+
+  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
+      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
+    /* how many of our recent circuits made it to the first hop but then
+     * timed out? */
+    for (i = 0; i < cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs; i++) {
+      timeout_count += cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If 80% of our recent circuits are timing out after the first hop,
+   * we need to re-estimate a new initial alpha and timeout. */
+  if (timeout_count < circuit_build_times_max_timeouts()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  circuit_build_times_reset(cbt);
+  if (cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop &&
+      cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs > 0) {
+    memset(cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop, 0,
+            sizeof(*cbt->liveness.timeouts_after_firsthop)*
+            cbt->liveness.num_recent_circs);
+  }
+  cbt->liveness.after_firsthop_idx = 0;
+
+  /* Check to see if this has happened before. If so, double the timeout
+   * to give people on abysmally bad network connections a shot at access */
+  if (cbt->timeout_ms >= circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout()) {
+    if (cbt->timeout_ms > INT32_MAX/2 || cbt->close_ms > INT32_MAX/2) {
+      log_warn(LD_CIRC, "Insanely large circuit build timeout value. "
+              "(timeout = %fmsec, close = %fmsec)",
+               cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms);
+    } else {
+      cbt->timeout_ms *= 2;
+      cbt->close_ms *= 2;
+    }
+  } else {
+    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
+                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
+  }
+
+  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_RESET);
+
+  log_notice(LD_CIRC,
+            "Your network connection speed appears to have changed. Resetting "
+            "timeout to %lds after %d timeouts and %d buildtimes.",
+            tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000), timeout_count,
+            total_build_times);
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count the number of timeouts in a set of cbt data.
+ */
+double
+circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int i=0,timeouts=0;
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] >= cbt->timeout_ms) {
+       timeouts++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!cbt->total_build_times)
+    return 0;
+
+  return ((double)timeouts)/cbt->total_build_times;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count the number of closed circuits in a set of cbt data.
+ */
+double
+circuit_build_times_close_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  int i=0,closed=0;
+  for (i = 0; i < CBT_NCIRCUITS_TO_OBSERVE; i++) {
+    if (cbt->circuit_build_times[i] == CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED) {
+       closed++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!cbt->total_build_times)
+    return 0;
+
+  return ((double)closed)/cbt->total_build_times;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Store a timeout as a synthetic value.
+ *
+ * Returns true if the store was successful and we should possibly
+ * update our timeout estimate.
+ */
+int
+circuit_build_times_count_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                int did_onehop,
+                                time_t start_time)
+{
+  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
+    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
+                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Record this force-close to help determine if the network is dead */
+  circuit_build_times_network_close(cbt, did_onehop, start_time);
+
+  /* Only count timeouts if network is live.. */
+  if (!circuit_build_times_network_check_live(cbt)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  circuit_build_times_add_time(cbt, CBT_BUILD_ABANDONED);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update timeout counts to determine if we need to expire
+ * our build time history due to excessive timeouts.
+ *
+ * We do not record any actual time values at this stage;
+ * we are only interested in recording the fact that a timeout
+ * happened. We record the time values via
+ * circuit_build_times_count_close() and circuit_build_times_add_time().
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_count_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                  int did_onehop)
+{
+  if (circuit_build_times_disabled()) {
+    cbt->close_ms = cbt->timeout_ms
+                  = circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Register the fact that a timeout just occurred. */
+  circuit_build_times_network_timeout(cbt, did_onehop);
+
+  /* If there are a ton of timeouts, we should reset
+   * the circuit build timeout. */
+  circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(cbt);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Estimate a new timeout based on history and set our timeout
+ * variable accordingly.
+ */
+static int
+circuit_build_times_set_timeout_worker(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  build_time_t max_time;
+  if (!circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(cbt))
+    return 0;
+
+  if (!circuit_build_times_update_alpha(cbt))
+    return 0;
+
+  cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt,
+                                circuit_build_times_quantile_cutoff());
+
+  cbt->close_ms = circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(cbt,
+                                circuit_build_times_close_quantile());
+
+  max_time = circuit_build_times_max(cbt);
+
+  if (cbt->timeout_ms > max_time) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Circuit build timeout of %dms is beyond the maximum build "
+               "time we have ever observed. Capping it to %dms.",
+               (int)cbt->timeout_ms, max_time);
+    cbt->timeout_ms = max_time;
+  }
+
+  if (max_time < INT32_MAX/2 && cbt->close_ms > 2*max_time) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Circuit build measurement period of %dms is more than twice "
+               "the maximum build time we have ever observed. Capping it to "
+               "%dms.", (int)cbt->close_ms, 2*max_time);
+    cbt->close_ms = 2*max_time;
+  }
+
+  /* Sometimes really fast guard nodes give us such a steep curve
+   * that this ends up being not that much greater than timeout_ms.
+   * Make it be at least 1 min to handle this case. */
+  cbt->close_ms = MAX(cbt->close_ms, circuit_build_times_initial_timeout());
+
+  cbt->have_computed_timeout = 1;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exposed function to compute a new timeout. Dispatches events and
+ * also filters out extremely high timeout values.
+ */
+void
+circuit_build_times_set_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt)
+{
+  long prev_timeout = tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000);
+  double timeout_rate;
+
+  /*
+   * Just return if we aren't using adaptive timeouts
+   */
+  if (circuit_build_times_disabled())
+    return;
+
+  if (!circuit_build_times_set_timeout_worker(cbt))
+    return;
+
+  if (cbt->timeout_ms < circuit_build_times_min_timeout()) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Set buildtimeout to low value %fms. Setting to %dms",
+             cbt->timeout_ms, circuit_build_times_min_timeout());
+    cbt->timeout_ms = circuit_build_times_min_timeout();
+    if (cbt->close_ms < cbt->timeout_ms) {
+      /* This shouldn't happen because of MAX() in timeout_worker above,
+       * but doing it just in case */
+      cbt->close_ms = circuit_build_times_initial_timeout();
+    }
+  }
+
+  control_event_buildtimeout_set(cbt, BUILDTIMEOUT_SET_EVENT_COMPUTED);
+
+  timeout_rate = circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(cbt);
+
+  if (prev_timeout > tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000)) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Based on %d circuit times, it looks like we don't need to "
+               "wait so long for circuits to finish. We will now assume a "
+               "circuit is too slow to use after waiting %ld seconds.",
+               cbt->total_build_times,
+               tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000));
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Circuit timeout data: %fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f, r: %f",
+             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha,
+             timeout_rate);
+  } else if (prev_timeout < tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000)) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Based on %d circuit times, it looks like we need to wait "
+               "longer for circuits to finish. We will now assume a "
+               "circuit is too slow to use after waiting %ld seconds.",
+               cbt->total_build_times,
+               tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000));
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Circuit timeout data: %fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f, r: %f",
+             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha,
+             timeout_rate);
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,
+             "Set circuit build timeout to %lds (%fms, %fms, Xm: %d, a: %f,"
+             " r: %f) based on %d circuit times",
+             tor_lround(cbt->timeout_ms/1000),
+             cbt->timeout_ms, cbt->close_ms, cbt->Xm, cbt->alpha, timeout_rate,
+             cbt->total_build_times);
+  }
+}
+/** Make a note that we're running unit tests (rather than running Tor
+ * itself), so we avoid clobbering our state file. */
+void
+circuitbuild_running_unit_tests(void)
+{
+  unit_tests = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuitstats.h b/src/or/circuitstats.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87dce99f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/circuitstats.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file circuitstats.h
+ * \brief Header file for circuitstats.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITSTATS_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITSTATS_H
+
+extern circuit_build_times_t circ_times;
+
+int circuit_build_times_disabled(void);
+int circuit_build_times_enough_to_compute(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+void circuit_build_times_update_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                      or_state_t *state);
+int circuit_build_times_parse_state(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                    or_state_t *state);
+void circuit_build_times_count_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                       int did_onehop);
+int circuit_build_times_count_close(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                    int did_onehop, time_t start_time);
+void circuit_build_times_set_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+int circuit_build_times_add_time(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                 build_time_t time);
+int circuit_build_times_needs_circuits(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+
+int circuit_build_times_needs_circuits_now(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+void circuit_build_times_init(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+void circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+void circuit_build_times_new_consensus_params(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                              networkstatus_t *ns);
+double circuit_build_times_timeout_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+double circuit_build_times_close_rate(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+
+#ifdef CIRCUITSTATS_PRIVATE
+double circuit_build_times_calculate_timeout(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                             double quantile);
+build_time_t circuit_build_times_generate_sample(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                                 double q_lo, double q_hi);
+void circuit_build_times_initial_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
+                                       double quantile, double time_ms);
+int circuit_build_times_update_alpha(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+double circuit_build_times_cdf(circuit_build_times_t *cbt, double x);
+void circuitbuild_running_unit_tests(void);
+void circuit_build_times_reset(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+
+/* Network liveness functions */
+int circuit_build_times_network_check_changed(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+#endif
+
+/* Network liveness functions */
+void circuit_build_times_network_is_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+int circuit_build_times_network_check_live(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+void circuit_build_times_network_circ_success(circuit_build_times_t *cbt);
+
+/* DOCDOC circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale */
+int circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(networkstatus_t *ns);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuituse.c b/src/or/circuituse.c
index 7218ecc077..c2d2b2e87c 100644
--- a/src/or/circuituse.c
+++ b/src/or/circuituse.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@
  **/
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "control.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "policies.h"
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ circuit_is_acceptable(const origin_circuit_t *origin_circ,
   tor_assert(conn);
   tor_assert(conn->socks_request);
 
-  if (must_be_open && (circ->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN || !circ->n_conn))
+  if (must_be_open && (circ->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN || !circ->n_chan))
     return 0; /* ignore non-open circs */
   if (circ->marked_for_close)
     return 0;
@@ -81,10 +85,14 @@ circuit_is_acceptable(const origin_circuit_t *origin_circ,
   }
 
   if (purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL ||
-      purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_JOINED)
+      purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_JOINED) {
     if (circ->timestamp_dirty &&
        circ->timestamp_dirty+get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness <= now)
       return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (origin_circ->unusable_for_new_conns)
+    return 0;
 
   /* decide if this circ is suitable for this conn */
 
@@ -101,6 +109,8 @@ circuit_is_acceptable(const origin_circuit_t *origin_circ,
     return 0;
 
   if (purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL) {
+    tor_addr_t addr;
+    const int family = tor_addr_parse(&addr, conn->socks_request->address);
     if (!exitnode && !build_state->onehop_tunnel) {
       log_debug(LD_CIRC,"Not considering circuit with unknown router.");
       return 0; /* this circuit is screwed and doesn't know it yet,
@@ -121,9 +131,7 @@ circuit_is_acceptable(const origin_circuit_t *origin_circ,
           return 0; /* this is a circuit to somewhere else */
         if (tor_digest_is_zero(digest)) {
           /* we don't know the digest; have to compare addr:port */
-          tor_addr_t addr;
-          int r = tor_addr_parse(&addr, conn->socks_request->address);
-          if (r < 0 ||
+          if (family < 0 ||
               !tor_addr_eq(&build_state->chosen_exit->addr, &addr) ||
               build_state->chosen_exit->port != conn->socks_request->port)
             return 0;
@@ -135,6 +143,13 @@ circuit_is_acceptable(const origin_circuit_t *origin_circ,
         return 0;
       }
     }
+    if (origin_circ->prepend_policy && family != -1) {
+      int r = compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(&addr,
+                                              conn->socks_request->port,
+                                              origin_circ->prepend_policy);
+      if (r == ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED)
+        return 0;
+    }
     if (exitnode && !connection_ap_can_use_exit(conn, exitnode)) {
       /* can't exit from this router */
       return 0;
@@ -172,6 +187,13 @@ circuit_is_better(const origin_circuit_t *oa, const origin_circuit_t *ob,
   const uint8_t purpose = ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->purpose;
   int a_bits, b_bits;
 
+  /* If one of the circuits was allowed to live due to relaxing its timeout,
+   * it is definitely worse (it's probably a much slower path). */
+  if (oa->relaxed_timeout && !ob->relaxed_timeout)
+    return 0; /* ob is better. It's not relaxed. */
+  if (!oa->relaxed_timeout && ob->relaxed_timeout)
+    return 1; /* oa is better. It's not relaxed. */
+
   switch (purpose) {
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL:
       /* if it's used but less dirty it's best;
@@ -183,7 +205,7 @@ circuit_is_better(const origin_circuit_t *oa, const origin_circuit_t *ob,
           return 1;
       } else {
         if (a->timestamp_dirty ||
-            timercmp(&a->timestamp_created, &b->timestamp_created, >))
+            timercmp(&a->timestamp_began, &b->timestamp_began, >))
           return 1;
         if (ob->build_state->is_internal)
           /* XXX023 what the heck is this internal thing doing here. I
@@ -269,17 +291,19 @@ circuit_get_best(const entry_connection_t *conn,
     if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
       continue;
     origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    if (!circuit_is_acceptable(origin_circ,conn,must_be_open,purpose,
-                               need_uptime,need_internal,now.tv_sec))
-      continue;
 
+    /* Log an info message if we're going to launch a new intro circ in
+     * parallel */
     if (purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT &&
-        !must_be_open && circ->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
-        tv_mdiff(&now, &circ->timestamp_created) > circ_times.timeout_ms) {
-      intro_going_on_but_too_old = 1;
-      continue;
+        !must_be_open && origin_circ->hs_circ_has_timed_out) {
+        intro_going_on_but_too_old = 1;
+        continue;
     }
 
+    if (!circuit_is_acceptable(origin_circ,conn,must_be_open,purpose,
+                               need_uptime,need_internal,now.tv_sec))
+      continue;
+
     /* now this is an acceptable circ to hand back. but that doesn't
      * mean it's the *best* circ to hand back. try to decide.
      */
@@ -356,13 +380,38 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
    * circuit_build_times_get_initial_timeout() if we haven't computed
    * custom timeouts yet */
   struct timeval general_cutoff, begindir_cutoff, fourhop_cutoff,
-    cannibalize_cutoff, close_cutoff, extremely_old_cutoff,
-    hs_extremely_old_cutoff;
+    close_cutoff, extremely_old_cutoff, hs_extremely_old_cutoff,
+    cannibalized_cutoff, c_intro_cutoff, s_intro_cutoff, stream_cutoff;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   struct timeval now;
   cpath_build_state_t *build_state;
+  int any_opened_circs = 0;
 
   tor_gettimeofday(&now);
+
+  /* Check to see if we have any opened circuits. If we don't,
+   * we want to be more lenient with timeouts, in case the
+   * user has relocated and/or changed network connections.
+   * See bug #3443. */
+  while (next_circ) {
+    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(next_circ) || /* didn't originate here */
+        next_circ->marked_for_close) { /* don't mess with marked circs */
+      next_circ = next_circ->next;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(next_circ)->has_opened &&
+        next_circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
+        TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(next_circ)->build_state &&
+        TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(next_circ)->build_state->desired_path_len
+          == DEFAULT_ROUTE_LEN) {
+      any_opened_circs = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    next_circ = next_circ->next;
+  }
+  next_circ = global_circuitlist;
+
 #define SET_CUTOFF(target, msec) do {                       \
     long ms = tor_lround(msec);                             \
     struct timeval diff;                                    \
@@ -371,10 +420,60 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
     timersub(&now, &diff, &target);                         \
   } while (0)
 
+  /**
+   * Because circuit build timeout is calculated only based on 3 hop
+   * general purpose circuit construction, we need to scale the timeout
+   * to make it properly apply to longer circuits, and circuits of
+   * certain usage types. The following diagram illustrates how we
+   * derive the scaling below. In short, we calculate the number
+   * of times our telescoping-based circuit construction causes cells
+   * to traverse each link for the circuit purpose types in question,
+   * and then assume each link is equivalent.
+   *
+   * OP --a--> A --b--> B --c--> C
+   * OP --a--> A --b--> B --c--> C --d--> D
+   *
+   * Let h = a = b = c = d
+   *
+   * Three hops (general_cutoff)
+   *   RTTs = 3a + 2b + c
+   *   RTTs = 6h
+   * Cannibalized:
+   *   RTTs = a+b+c+d
+   *   RTTs = 4h
+   * Four hops:
+   *   RTTs = 4a + 3b + 2c + d
+   *   RTTs = 10h
+   * Client INTRODUCE1+ACK: // XXX: correct?
+   *   RTTs = 5a + 4b + 3c + 2d
+   *   RTTs = 14h
+   * Server intro:
+   *   RTTs = 4a + 3b + 2c
+   *   RTTs = 9h
+   */
   SET_CUTOFF(general_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms);
   SET_CUTOFF(begindir_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms);
-  SET_CUTOFF(fourhop_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms * (4/3.0));
-  SET_CUTOFF(cannibalize_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms / 2.0);
+
+  /* > 3hop circs seem to have a 1.0 second delay on their cannibalized
+   * 4th hop. */
+  SET_CUTOFF(fourhop_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms * (10/6.0) + 1000);
+
+  /* CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND behaves more like a RELAY cell.
+   * Use the stream cutoff (more or less). */
+  SET_CUTOFF(stream_cutoff, MAX(options->CircuitStreamTimeout,15)*1000 + 1000);
+
+  /* Be lenient with cannibalized circs. They already survived the official
+   * CBT, and they're usually not performance-critical. */
+  SET_CUTOFF(cannibalized_cutoff,
+             MAX(circ_times.close_ms*(4/6.0),
+                 options->CircuitStreamTimeout * 1000) + 1000);
+
+  /* Intro circs have an extra round trip (and are also 4 hops long) */
+  SET_CUTOFF(c_intro_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms * (14/6.0) + 1000);
+
+  /* Server intro circs have an extra round trip */
+  SET_CUTOFF(s_intro_cutoff, circ_times.timeout_ms * (9/6.0) + 1000);
+
   SET_CUTOFF(close_cutoff, circ_times.close_ms);
   SET_CUTOFF(extremely_old_cutoff, circ_times.close_ms*2 + 1000);
 
@@ -387,28 +486,95 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
     victim = next_circ;
     next_circ = next_circ->next;
     if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(victim) || /* didn't originate here */
-        victim->marked_for_close) /* don't mess with marked circs */
+        victim->marked_for_close)     /* don't mess with marked circs */
+      continue;
+
+    /* If we haven't yet started the first hop, it means we don't have
+     * any orconns available, and thus have not started counting time yet
+     * for this circuit. See circuit_deliver_create_cell() and uses of
+     * timestamp_began.
+     *
+     * Continue to wait in this case. The ORConn should timeout
+     * independently and kill us then.
+     */
+    if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->cpath->state == CPATH_STATE_CLOSED) {
       continue;
+    }
 
     build_state = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state;
     if (build_state && build_state->onehop_tunnel)
       cutoff = begindir_cutoff;
-    else if (build_state && build_state->desired_path_len == 4
-             && !TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->has_opened)
-      cutoff = fourhop_cutoff;
-    else if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->has_opened)
-      cutoff = cannibalize_cutoff;
     else if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT)
       cutoff = close_cutoff;
+    else if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING ||
+             victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT)
+      cutoff = c_intro_cutoff;
+    else if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO)
+      cutoff = s_intro_cutoff;
+    else if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND)
+      cutoff = stream_cutoff;
+    else if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING)
+      cutoff = close_cutoff;
+    else if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->has_opened &&
+             victim->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
+      cutoff = cannibalized_cutoff;
+    else if (build_state && build_state->desired_path_len >= 4)
+      cutoff = fourhop_cutoff;
     else
       cutoff = general_cutoff;
 
     if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->hs_circ_has_timed_out)
       cutoff = hs_extremely_old_cutoff;
 
-    if (timercmp(&victim->timestamp_created, &cutoff, >))
+    if (timercmp(&victim->timestamp_began, &cutoff, >))
       continue; /* it's still young, leave it alone */
 
+    /* We need to double-check the opened state here because
+     * we don't want to consider opened 1-hop dircon circuits for
+     * deciding when to relax the timeout, but we *do* want to relax
+     * those circuits too if nothing else is opened *and* they still
+     * aren't either. */
+    if (!any_opened_circs && victim->state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
+      /* It's still young enough that we wouldn't close it, right? */
+      if (timercmp(&victim->timestamp_began, &close_cutoff, >)) {
+        if (!TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->relaxed_timeout) {
+          int first_hop_succeeded = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->cpath->state
+                                      == CPATH_STATE_OPEN;
+          log_info(LD_CIRC,
+                 "No circuits are opened. Relaxing timeout for circuit %d "
+                 "(a %s %d-hop circuit in state %s with channel state %s). "
+                 "%d guards are live.",
+                 TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->global_identifier,
+                 circuit_purpose_to_string(victim->purpose),
+                 TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state->desired_path_len,
+                 circuit_state_to_string(victim->state),
+                 channel_state_to_string(victim->n_chan->state),
+                 num_live_entry_guards(0));
+
+          /* We count the timeout here for CBT, because technically this
+           * was a timeout, and the timeout value needs to reset if we
+           * see enough of them. Note this means we also need to avoid
+           * double-counting below, too. */
+          circuit_build_times_count_timeout(&circ_times, first_hop_succeeded);
+          TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->relaxed_timeout = 1;
+        }
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        static ratelim_t relax_timeout_limit = RATELIM_INIT(3600);
+        log_fn_ratelim(&relax_timeout_limit, LOG_NOTICE, LD_CIRC,
+                 "No circuits are opened. Relaxed timeout for circuit %d "
+                 "(a %s %d-hop circuit in state %s with channel state %s) to "
+                 "%ldms. However, it appears the circuit has timed out "
+                 "anyway. %d guards are live.",
+                 TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->global_identifier,
+                 circuit_purpose_to_string(victim->purpose),
+                 TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state->desired_path_len,
+                 circuit_state_to_string(victim->state),
+                 channel_state_to_string(victim->n_chan->state),
+                 (long)circ_times.close_ms, num_live_entry_guards(0));
+      }
+    }
+
 #if 0
     /* some debug logs, to help track bugs */
     if (victim->purpose >= CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING &&
@@ -436,8 +602,6 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
         default: /* most open circuits can be left alone. */
           continue; /* yes, continue inside a switch refers to the nearest
                      * enclosing loop. C is smart. */
-        case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND:
-        case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING:
         case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO:
           break; /* too old, need to die */
         case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY:
@@ -449,6 +613,19 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
               victim->timestamp_dirty > cutoff.tv_sec)
             continue;
           break;
+        case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING:
+          /* Open path bias testing circuits are given a long
+           * time to complete the test, but not forever */
+          TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED;
+          break;
+        case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING:
+          /* We keep old introducing circuits around for
+           * a while in parallel, and they can end up "opened".
+           * We decide below if we're going to mark them timed
+           * out and eventually close them.
+           */
+          break;
+        case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND:
         case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED:
         case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT:
           /* rend and intro circs become dirty each time they
@@ -485,9 +662,12 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
           /* Record this failure to check for too many timeouts
            * in a row. This function does not record a time value yet
            * (we do that later); it only counts the fact that we did
-           * have a timeout. */
-          circuit_build_times_count_timeout(&circ_times,
-                                            first_hop_succeeded);
+           * have a timeout. We also want to avoid double-counting
+           * already "relaxed" circuits, which are counted above. */
+          if (!TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->relaxed_timeout) {
+            circuit_build_times_count_timeout(&circ_times,
+                                              first_hop_succeeded);
+          }
           continue;
         }
 
@@ -496,11 +676,11 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
          * it off at, we probably had a suspend event along this codepath,
          * and we should discard the value.
          */
-        if (timercmp(&victim->timestamp_created, &extremely_old_cutoff, <)) {
+        if (timercmp(&victim->timestamp_began, &extremely_old_cutoff, <)) {
           log_notice(LD_CIRC,
                      "Extremely large value for circuit build timeout: %lds. "
                      "Assuming clock jump. Purpose %d (%s)",
-                     (long)(now.tv_sec - victim->timestamp_created.tv_sec),
+                     (long)(now.tv_sec - victim->timestamp_began.tv_sec),
                      victim->purpose,
                      circuit_purpose_to_string(victim->purpose));
         } else if (circuit_build_times_count_close(&circ_times,
@@ -534,12 +714,15 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
         if (TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state->pending_final_cpath ==
             NULL)
           break;
+        /* fallthrough! */
+      case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING:
+        /* connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit() will relaunch for us */
       case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT:
       case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED:
         /* If we have reached this line, we want to spare the circ for now. */
-        log_info(LD_CIRC,"Marking circ %d (state %d:%s, purpose %d) "
+        log_info(LD_CIRC,"Marking circ %u (state %d:%s, purpose %d) "
                  "as timed-out HS circ",
-                 victim->n_circ_id,
+                 (unsigned)victim->n_circ_id,
                  victim->state, circuit_state_to_string(victim->state),
                  victim->purpose);
         TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->hs_circ_has_timed_out = 1;
@@ -555,9 +738,9 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
     if (!(options->CloseHSServiceRendCircuitsImmediatelyOnTimeout) &&
         !(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->hs_circ_has_timed_out) &&
         victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND) {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,"Marking circ %d (state %d:%s, purpose %d) "
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,"Marking circ %u (state %d:%s, purpose %d) "
                "as timed-out HS circ; relaunching rendezvous attempt.",
-               victim->n_circ_id,
+               (unsigned)victim->n_circ_id,
                victim->state, circuit_state_to_string(victim->state),
                victim->purpose);
       TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->hs_circ_has_timed_out = 1;
@@ -565,22 +748,33 @@ circuit_expire_building(void)
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (victim->n_conn)
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,"Abandoning circ %s:%d:%d (state %d:%s, purpose %d)",
-               victim->n_conn->_base.address, victim->n_conn->_base.port,
-               victim->n_circ_id,
+    if (victim->n_chan)
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Abandoning circ %u %s:%d (state %d,%d:%s, purpose %d, "
+               "len %d)", TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->global_identifier,
+               channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(victim->n_chan),
+               (unsigned)victim->n_circ_id,
+               TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->has_opened,
                victim->state, circuit_state_to_string(victim->state),
-               victim->purpose);
+               victim->purpose,
+               TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state->desired_path_len);
     else
-      log_info(LD_CIRC,"Abandoning circ %d (state %d:%s, purpose %d)",
-               victim->n_circ_id, victim->state,
-               circuit_state_to_string(victim->state), victim->purpose);
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Abandoning circ %u %d (state %d,%d:%s, purpose %d, len %d)",
+               TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->global_identifier,
+               (unsigned)victim->n_circ_id,
+               TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->has_opened,
+               victim->state,
+               circuit_state_to_string(victim->state), victim->purpose,
+               TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim)->build_state->desired_path_len);
 
     circuit_log_path(LOG_INFO,LD_CIRC,TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim));
     if (victim->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT)
       circuit_mark_for_close(victim, END_CIRC_REASON_MEASUREMENT_EXPIRED);
     else
       circuit_mark_for_close(victim, END_CIRC_REASON_TIMEOUT);
+
+    pathbias_count_timeout(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(victim));
   }
 }
 
@@ -620,7 +814,8 @@ circuit_stream_is_being_handled(entry_connection_t *conn,
   const node_t *exitnode;
   int num=0;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
-  int need_uptime = smartlist_string_num_isin(get_options()->LongLivedPorts,
+  int need_uptime = smartlist_contains_int_as_string(
+                                   get_options()->LongLivedPorts,
                                    conn ? conn->socks_request->port : port);
 
   for (circ=global_circuitlist;circ;circ = circ->next) {
@@ -629,9 +824,12 @@ circuit_stream_is_being_handled(entry_connection_t *conn,
         circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
         (!circ->timestamp_dirty ||
          circ->timestamp_dirty + get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness > now)) {
-      cpath_build_state_t *build_state = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->build_state;
+      origin_circuit_t *origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
+      cpath_build_state_t *build_state = origin_circ->build_state;
       if (build_state->is_internal || build_state->onehop_tunnel)
         continue;
+      if (origin_circ->unusable_for_new_conns)
+        continue;
 
       exitnode = build_state_get_exit_node(build_state);
       if (exitnode && (!need_uptime || build_state->need_uptime)) {
@@ -673,6 +871,7 @@ circuit_predict_and_launch_new(void)
   /* First, count how many of each type of circuit we have already. */
   for (circ=global_circuitlist;circ;circ = circ->next) {
     cpath_build_state_t *build_state;
+    origin_circuit_t *origin_circ;
     if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
       continue;
     if (circ->marked_for_close)
@@ -681,7 +880,10 @@ circuit_predict_and_launch_new(void)
       continue; /* only count clean circs */
     if (circ->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL)
       continue; /* only pay attention to general-purpose circs */
-    build_state = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->build_state;
+    origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
+    if (origin_circ->unusable_for_new_conns)
+      continue;
+    build_state = origin_circ->build_state;
     if (build_state->onehop_tunnel)
       continue;
     num++;
@@ -787,7 +989,7 @@ circuit_build_needed_circs(time_t now)
     circ = circuit_get_youngest_clean_open(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL);
     if (get_options()->RunTesting &&
         circ &&
-        circ->timestamp_created.tv_sec + TESTING_CIRCUIT_INTERVAL < now) {
+        circ->timestamp_began.tv_sec + TESTING_CIRCUIT_INTERVAL < now) {
       log_fn(LOG_INFO,"Creating a new testing circuit.");
       circuit_launch(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL, 0);
     }
@@ -808,7 +1010,7 @@ circuit_detach_stream(circuit_t *circ, edge_connection_t *conn)
   tor_assert(circ);
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+  if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
     entry_connection_t *entry_conn = EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
     entry_conn->may_use_optimistic_data = 0;
   }
@@ -901,13 +1103,17 @@ circuit_expire_old_circuits_clientside(void)
         circ->timestamp_dirty + get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness <
           now.tv_sec &&
         !TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_streams /* nothing attached */ ) {
-      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Closing n_circ_id %d (dirty %ld sec ago, "
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Closing n_circ_id %u (dirty %ld sec ago, "
                 "purpose %d)",
-                circ->n_circ_id, (long)(now.tv_sec - circ->timestamp_dirty),
+                (unsigned)circ->n_circ_id,
+                (long)(now.tv_sec - circ->timestamp_dirty),
                 circ->purpose);
-      circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
+      /* Don't do this magic for testing circuits. Their death is governed
+       * by circuit_expire_building */
+      if (circ->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING)
+        circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
     } else if (!circ->timestamp_dirty && circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
-      if (timercmp(&circ->timestamp_created, &cutoff, <)) {
+      if (timercmp(&circ->timestamp_began, &cutoff, <)) {
         if (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL ||
                 circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT ||
                 circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO ||
@@ -917,7 +1123,7 @@ circuit_expire_old_circuits_clientside(void)
                 circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND) {
           log_debug(LD_CIRC,
                     "Closing circuit that has been unused for %ld msec.",
-                    tv_mdiff(&circ->timestamp_created, &now));
+                    tv_mdiff(&circ->timestamp_began, &now));
           circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
         } else if (!TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->is_ancient) {
           /* Server-side rend joined circuits can end up really old, because
@@ -931,7 +1137,7 @@ circuit_expire_old_circuits_clientside(void)
                        "Ancient non-dirty circuit %d is still around after "
                        "%ld milliseconds. Purpose: %d (%s)",
                        TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->global_identifier,
-                       tv_mdiff(&circ->timestamp_created, &now),
+                       tv_mdiff(&circ->timestamp_began, &now),
                        circ->purpose,
                        circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->purpose));
             TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->is_ancient = 1;
@@ -977,13 +1183,13 @@ circuit_expire_old_circuits_serverside(time_t now)
     /* If the circuit has been idle for too long, and there are no streams
      * on it, and it ends here, and it used a create_fast, mark it for close.
      */
-    if (or_circ->is_first_hop && !circ->n_conn &&
+    if (or_circ->is_first_hop && !circ->n_chan &&
         !or_circ->n_streams && !or_circ->resolving_streams &&
-        or_circ->p_conn &&
-        or_circ->p_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding <= cutoff) {
-      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Closing circ_id %d (empty %d secs ago)",
-               or_circ->p_circ_id,
-               (int)(now - or_circ->p_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding));
+        or_circ->p_chan &&
+        channel_when_last_xmit(or_circ->p_chan) <= cutoff) {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Closing circ_id %u (empty %d secs ago)",
+               (unsigned)or_circ->p_circ_id,
+               (int)(now - channel_when_last_xmit(or_circ->p_chan)));
       circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
     }
   }
@@ -1125,7 +1331,7 @@ static int
 circuit_try_clearing_isolation_state(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
   if (/* The circuit may have become non-open if it was cannibalized.*/
-      circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
+      circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
       /* If !isolation_values_set, there is nothing to clear. */
       circ->isolation_values_set &&
       /* It's not legal to clear a circuit's isolation info if it's ever had
@@ -1163,6 +1369,7 @@ circuit_try_attaching_streams(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 void
 circuit_build_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
+  channel_t *n_chan = NULL;
   /* we should examine circ and see if it failed because of
    * the last hop or an earlier hop. then use this info below.
    */
@@ -1179,11 +1386,12 @@ circuit_build_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ)
     /* We failed at the first hop. If there's an OR connection
      * to blame, blame it. Also, avoid this relay for a while, and
      * fail any one-hop directory fetches destined for it. */
-    const char *n_conn_id = circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest;
+    const char *n_chan_id = circ->cpath->extend_info->identity_digest;
     int already_marked = 0;
-    if (circ->_base.n_conn) {
-      or_connection_t *n_conn = circ->_base.n_conn;
-      if (n_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs) {
+    if (circ->base_.n_chan) {
+      n_chan = circ->base_.n_chan;
+
+      if (n_chan->is_bad_for_new_circs) {
         /* We only want to blame this router when a fresh healthy
          * connection fails. So don't mark this router as newly failed,
          * since maybe this was just an old circuit attempt that's
@@ -1195,22 +1403,22 @@ circuit_build_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ)
       }
       log_info(LD_OR,
                "Our circuit failed to get a response from the first hop "
-               "(%s:%d). I'm going to try to rotate to a better connection.",
-               n_conn->_base.address, n_conn->_base.port);
-      n_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+               "(%s). I'm going to try to rotate to a better connection.",
+               channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(n_chan));
+      n_chan->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
     } else {
       log_info(LD_OR,
                "Our circuit died before the first hop with no connection");
     }
-    if (n_conn_id && !already_marked) {
-      entry_guard_register_connect_status(n_conn_id, 0, 1, time(NULL));
+    if (n_chan_id && !already_marked) {
+      entry_guard_register_connect_status(n_chan_id, 0, 1, time(NULL));
       /* if there are any one-hop streams waiting on this circuit, fail
        * them now so they can retry elsewhere. */
-      connection_ap_fail_onehop(n_conn_id, circ->build_state);
+      connection_ap_fail_onehop(n_chan_id, circ->build_state);
     }
   }
 
-  switch (circ->_base.purpose) {
+  switch (circ->base_.purpose) {
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL:
       /* If we never built the circuit, note it as a failure. */
       circuit_increment_failure_count();
@@ -1225,7 +1433,7 @@ circuit_build_failed(origin_circuit_t *circ)
       break;
     case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO:
       /* at Bob, waiting for introductions */
-      if (circ->_base.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
+      if (circ->base_.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
         circuit_increment_failure_count();
       }
       /* no need to care here, because bob will rebuild intro
@@ -1309,21 +1517,46 @@ circuit_launch_by_extend_info(uint8_t purpose,
      * internal circs rather than exit circs? -RD */
     circ = circuit_find_to_cannibalize(purpose, extend_info, flags);
     if (circ) {
-      uint8_t old_purpose = circ->_base.purpose;
-      struct timeval old_timestamp_created = circ->_base.timestamp_created;
+      uint8_t old_purpose = circ->base_.purpose;
+      struct timeval old_timestamp_began = circ->base_.timestamp_began;
 
       log_info(LD_CIRC,"Cannibalizing circ '%s' for purpose %d (%s)",
                build_state_get_exit_nickname(circ->build_state), purpose,
                circuit_purpose_to_string(purpose));
 
+      if ((purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND ||
+           purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING) &&
+          circ->path_state == PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED) {
+        /* Path bias: Cannibalized rends pre-emptively count as a
+         * successfully built but unused closed circuit. We don't
+         * wait until the extend (or the close) because the rend
+         * point could be malicious.
+         *
+         * Same deal goes for client side introductions. Clients
+         * can be manipulated to connect repeatedly to them
+         * (especially web clients).
+         *
+         * If we decide to probe the initial portion of these circs,
+         * (up to the adversary's final hop), we need to remove this,
+         * or somehow mark the circuit with a special path state.
+         */
+
+        /* This must be called before the purpose change */
+        pathbias_check_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
+      }
+
       circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), purpose);
-      /* reset the birth date of this circ, else expire_building
+      /* Reset the start date of this circ, else expire_building
        * will see it and think it's been trying to build since it
-       * began. */
-      tor_gettimeofday(&circ->_base.timestamp_created);
+       * began.
+       *
+       * Technically, the code should reset this when the
+       * create cell is finally sent, but we're close enough
+       * here. */
+      tor_gettimeofday(&circ->base_.timestamp_began);
 
       control_event_circuit_cannibalized(circ, old_purpose,
-                                         &old_timestamp_created);
+                                         &old_timestamp_began);
 
       switch (purpose) {
         case CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND:
@@ -1412,7 +1645,7 @@ circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch(entry_connection_t *conn,
   want_onehop = conn->want_onehop;
 
   need_uptime = !conn->want_onehop && !conn->use_begindir &&
-                smartlist_string_num_isin(options->LongLivedPorts,
+                smartlist_contains_int_as_string(options->LongLivedPorts,
                                           conn->socks_request->port);
 
   if (desired_circuit_purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL)
@@ -1513,8 +1746,8 @@ circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch(entry_connection_t *conn,
       if ((m = rate_limit_log(&delay_limit, approx_time()))) {
         log_notice(LD_APP, "We'd like to launch a circuit to handle a "
                    "connection, but we already have %d general-purpose client "
-                   "circuits pending. Waiting until some finish.",
-                   n_pending);
+                   "circuits pending. Waiting until some finish.%s",
+                   n_pending, m);
         tor_free(m);
       }
       return 0;
@@ -1570,9 +1803,9 @@ circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch(entry_connection_t *conn,
                        escaped_safe_str_client(conn->socks_request->address));
               return -1;
             }
-            extend_info = extend_info_alloc(conn->chosen_exit_name+1,
-                                            digest, NULL, &addr,
-                                            conn->socks_request->port);
+            extend_info = extend_info_new(conn->chosen_exit_name+1,
+                                          digest, NULL, NULL, &addr,
+                                          conn->socks_request->port);
           } else {
             /* We will need an onion key for the router, and we
              * don't have one. Refuse or relax requirements. */
@@ -1634,8 +1867,8 @@ circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch(entry_connection_t *conn,
       if (circ) {
         /* write the service_id into circ */
         circ->rend_data = rend_data_dup(ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(conn)->rend_data);
-        if (circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND &&
-            circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
+        if (circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND &&
+            circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
           rend_client_rendcirc_has_opened(circ);
       }
     }
@@ -1697,8 +1930,8 @@ link_apconn_to_circ(entry_connection_t *apconn, origin_circuit_t *circ,
   const node_t *exitnode;
 
   /* add it into the linked list of streams on this circuit */
-  log_debug(LD_APP|LD_CIRC, "attaching new conn to circ. n_circ_id %d.",
-            circ->_base.n_circ_id);
+  log_debug(LD_APP|LD_CIRC, "attaching new conn to circ. n_circ_id %u.",
+            (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
   /* reset it, so we can measure circ timeouts */
   ENTRY_TO_CONN(apconn)->timestamp_lastread = time(NULL);
   ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(apconn)->next_stream = circ->p_streams;
@@ -1734,7 +1967,7 @@ link_apconn_to_circ(entry_connection_t *apconn, origin_circuit_t *circ,
       exitnode->rs) {
     /* Okay; we know what exit node this is. */
     if (optimistic_data_enabled() &&
-        circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
+        circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
         exitnode->rs->version_supports_optimistic_data)
       apconn->may_use_optimistic_data = 1;
     else
@@ -1820,12 +2053,14 @@ connection_ap_handshake_attach_chosen_circuit(entry_connection_t *conn,
              base_conn->state == AP_CONN_STATE_CONTROLLER_WAIT);
   tor_assert(conn->socks_request);
   tor_assert(circ);
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
 
   base_conn->state = AP_CONN_STATE_CIRCUIT_WAIT;
 
-  if (!circ->_base.timestamp_dirty)
-    circ->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+  if (!circ->base_.timestamp_dirty)
+    circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  pathbias_count_use_attempt(circ);
 
   link_apconn_to_circ(conn, circ, cpath);
   tor_assert(conn->socks_request);
@@ -1920,8 +2155,8 @@ connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit(entry_connection_t *conn)
       return retval;
 
     log_debug(LD_APP|LD_CIRC,
-              "Attaching apconn to circ %d (stream %d sec old).",
-              circ->_base.n_circ_id, conn_age);
+              "Attaching apconn to circ %u (stream %d sec old).",
+              (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id, conn_age);
     /* print the circ's path, so people can figure out which circs are
      * sucking. */
     circuit_log_path(LOG_INFO,LD_APP|LD_CIRC,circ);
@@ -1946,25 +2181,30 @@ connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit(entry_connection_t *conn)
       log_info(LD_REND,
                "rend joined circ %d already here. attaching. "
                "(stream %d sec old)",
-               rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id, conn_age);
+               (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id, conn_age);
       /* Mark rendezvous circuits as 'newly dirty' every time you use
        * them, since the process of rebuilding a rendezvous circ is so
        * expensive. There is a tradeoff between linkability and
        * feasibility, at this point.
        */
-      rendcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+      rendcirc->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+      /* We've also attempted to use them. If they fail, we need to
+       * probe them for path bias */
+      pathbias_count_use_attempt(rendcirc);
+
       link_apconn_to_circ(conn, rendcirc, NULL);
       if (connection_ap_handshake_send_begin(conn) < 0)
         return 0; /* already marked, let them fade away */
       return 1;
     }
 
-    if (rendcirc && (rendcirc->_base.purpose ==
+    if (rendcirc && (rendcirc->base_.purpose ==
                      CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED)) {
       log_info(LD_REND,
-               "pending-join circ %d already here, with intro ack. "
+               "pending-join circ %u already here, with intro ack. "
                "Stalling. (stream %d sec old)",
-                rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id, conn_age);
+               (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id, conn_age);
       return 0;
     }
 
@@ -1975,51 +2215,40 @@ connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit(entry_connection_t *conn)
 
     if (retval > 0) {
       /* one has already sent the intro. keep waiting. */
-      circuit_t *c = NULL;
       tor_assert(introcirc);
-      log_info(LD_REND, "Intro circ %d present and awaiting ack (rend %d). "
+      log_info(LD_REND, "Intro circ %u present and awaiting ack (rend %u). "
                "Stalling. (stream %d sec old)",
-               introcirc->_base.n_circ_id,
-               rendcirc ? rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id : 0,
+               (unsigned)introcirc->base_.n_circ_id,
+               rendcirc ? (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id : 0,
                conn_age);
-      /* abort parallel intro circs, if any */
-      for (c = global_circuitlist; c; c = c->next) {
-        if (c->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING &&
-            !c->marked_for_close && CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c)) {
-          origin_circuit_t *oc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(c);
-          if (oc->rend_data &&
-              !rend_cmp_service_ids(
-                            ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(conn)->rend_data->onion_address,
-                            oc->rend_data->onion_address)) {
-            log_info(LD_REND|LD_CIRC, "Closing introduction circuit that we "
-                     "built in parallel.");
-            circuit_mark_for_close(c, END_CIRC_REASON_TIMEOUT);
-          }
-        }
-      }
       return 0;
     }
 
     /* now rendcirc and introcirc are each either undefined or not finished */
 
     if (rendcirc && introcirc &&
-        rendcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY) {
+        rendcirc->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY) {
       log_info(LD_REND,
-               "ready rend circ %d already here (no intro-ack yet on "
-               "intro %d). (stream %d sec old)",
-               rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id,
-               introcirc->_base.n_circ_id, conn_age);
-
-      tor_assert(introcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
-      if (introcirc->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
-        log_info(LD_REND,"found open intro circ %d (rend %d); sending "
+               "ready rend circ %u already here (no intro-ack yet on "
+               "intro %u). (stream %d sec old)",
+               (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id,
+               (unsigned)introcirc->base_.n_circ_id, conn_age);
+
+      tor_assert(introcirc->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
+      if (introcirc->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
+        log_info(LD_REND,"found open intro circ %u (rend %u); sending "
                  "introduction. (stream %d sec old)",
-                 introcirc->_base.n_circ_id, rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id,
+                 (unsigned)introcirc->base_.n_circ_id,
+                 (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id,
                  conn_age);
         switch (rend_client_send_introduction(introcirc, rendcirc)) {
         case 0: /* success */
-          rendcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
-          introcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+          rendcirc->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+          introcirc->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+          pathbias_count_use_attempt(introcirc);
+          pathbias_count_use_attempt(rendcirc);
+
           assert_circuit_ok(TO_CIRCUIT(rendcirc));
           assert_circuit_ok(TO_CIRCUIT(introcirc));
           return 0;
@@ -2034,10 +2263,10 @@ connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit(entry_connection_t *conn)
       }
     }
 
-    log_info(LD_REND, "Intro (%d) and rend (%d) circs are not both ready. "
+    log_info(LD_REND, "Intro (%u) and rend (%u) circs are not both ready. "
              "Stalling conn. (%d sec old)",
-             introcirc ? introcirc->_base.n_circ_id : 0,
-             rendcirc ? rendcirc->_base.n_circ_id : 0, conn_age);
+             introcirc ? (unsigned)introcirc->base_.n_circ_id : 0,
+             rendcirc ? (unsigned)rendcirc->base_.n_circ_id : 0, conn_age);
     return 0;
   }
 }
@@ -2078,3 +2307,23 @@ circuit_change_purpose(circuit_t *circ, uint8_t new_purpose)
   }
 }
 
+/** Mark <b>circ</b> so that no more connections can be attached to it. */
+void
+mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(origin_circuit_t *circ)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  tor_assert(circ);
+
+  /* XXXX025 This is a kludge; we're only keeping it around in case there's
+   * something that doesn't check unusable_for_new_conns, and to avoid
+   * deeper refactoring of our expiration logic. */
+  if (! circ->base_.timestamp_dirty)
+    circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = approx_time();
+  if (options->MaxCircuitDirtiness >= circ->base_.timestamp_dirty)
+    circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = 1; /* prevent underflow */
+  else
+    circ->base_.timestamp_dirty -= options->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+
+  circ->unusable_for_new_conns = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/circuituse.h b/src/or/circuituse.h
index be2bd7ec51..11e5a64163 100644
--- a/src/or/circuituse.h
+++ b/src/or/circuituse.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for circuituse.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H
-#define _TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H
+#ifndef TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H
+#define TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H
 
 void circuit_expire_building(void);
 void circuit_remove_handled_ports(smartlist_t *needed_ports);
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ void circuit_change_purpose(circuit_t *circ, uint8_t new_purpose);
 
 int hostname_in_track_host_exits(const or_options_t *options,
                                  const char *address);
+void mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/command.c b/src/or/command.c
index 61e1e13a71..699b02fb47 100644
--- a/src/or/command.c
+++ b/src/or/command.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
 /* In-points to command.c:
  *
  * - command_process_cell(), called from
- *   connection_or_process_cells_from_inbuf() in connection_or.c
+ *   incoming cell handlers of channel_t instances;
+ *   callbacks registered in command_setup_channel(),
+ *   called when channels are created in circuitbuild.c
  */
-
 #include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "command.h"
@@ -27,12 +29,11 @@
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
 #include "relay.h"
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 
-/** How many CELL_PADDING cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_padding_cells_processed = 0;
 /** How many CELL_CREATE cells have we received, ever? */
 uint64_t stats_n_create_cells_processed = 0;
 /** How many CELL_CREATED cells have we received, ever? */
@@ -41,38 +42,16 @@ uint64_t stats_n_created_cells_processed = 0;
 uint64_t stats_n_relay_cells_processed = 0;
 /** How many CELL_DESTROY cells have we received, ever? */
 uint64_t stats_n_destroy_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_VERSIONS cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_versions_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_NETINFO cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_netinfo_cells_processed = 0;
 
-/** How many CELL_VPADDING cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_vpadding_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_CERTS cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_certs_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_AUTH_CHALLENGE cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_auth_challenge_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_AUTHENTICATE cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_authenticate_cells_processed = 0;
-/** How many CELL_AUTHORIZE cells have we received, ever? */
-uint64_t stats_n_authorize_cells_processed = 0;
+/* Handle an incoming channel */
+static void command_handle_incoming_channel(channel_listener_t *listener,
+                                            channel_t *chan);
 
 /* These are the main functions for processing cells */
-static void command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_destroy_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_versions_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
-                                          or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_netinfo_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_certs_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
-                                      or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_auth_challenge_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
-                                          or_connection_t *conn);
-static void command_process_authenticate_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
-                                          or_connection_t *conn);
-static int enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
-                                        or_connection_t *conn);
+static void command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan);
+static void command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan);
+static void command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan);
+static void command_process_destroy_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan);
 
 #ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
 /** This is a wrapper function around the actual function that processes the
@@ -80,15 +59,15 @@ static int enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell_t *cell,
  * by the number of microseconds used by the call to <b>*func(cell, conn)</b>.
  */
 static void
-command_time_process_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn, int *time,
-                               void (*func)(cell_t *, or_connection_t *))
+command_time_process_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan, int *time,
+                               void (*func)(cell_t *, channel_t *))
 {
   struct timeval start, end;
   long time_passed;
 
   tor_gettimeofday(&start);
 
-  (*func)(cell, conn);
+  (*func)(cell, chan);
 
   tor_gettimeofday(&end);
   time_passed = tv_udiff(&start, &end) ;
@@ -104,15 +83,14 @@ command_time_process_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn, int *time,
 }
 #endif
 
-/** Process a <b>cell</b> that was just received on <b>conn</b>. Keep internal
+/** Process a <b>cell</b> that was just received on <b>chan</b>. Keep internal
  * statistics about how many of each cell we've processed so far
  * this second, and the total number of microseconds it took to
  * process each type of cell.
  */
 void
-command_process_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell)
 {
-  int handshaking = (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN);
 #ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
   /* how many of each cell have we seen so far this second? needs better
    * name. */
@@ -152,263 +130,130 @@ command_process_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
 #define PROCESS_CELL(tp, cl, cn) command_process_ ## tp ## _cell(cl, cn)
 #endif
 
-  if (conn->_base.marked_for_close)
-    return;
-
-  /* Reject all but VERSIONS and NETINFO when handshaking. */
-  /* (VERSIONS should actually be impossible; it's variable-length.) */
-  if (handshaking && cell->command != CELL_VERSIONS &&
-      cell->command != CELL_NETINFO) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Received unexpected cell command %d in state %s; closing the "
-           "connection.",
-           (int)cell->command,
-           conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR,conn->_base.state));
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    or_handshake_state_record_cell(conn->handshake_state, cell, 1);
-
   switch (cell->command) {
-    case CELL_PADDING:
-      ++stats_n_padding_cells_processed;
-      /* do nothing */
-      break;
     case CELL_CREATE:
     case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+    case CELL_CREATE2:
       ++stats_n_create_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(create, cell, conn);
+      PROCESS_CELL(create, cell, chan);
       break;
     case CELL_CREATED:
     case CELL_CREATED_FAST:
+    case CELL_CREATED2:
       ++stats_n_created_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(created, cell, conn);
+      PROCESS_CELL(created, cell, chan);
       break;
     case CELL_RELAY:
     case CELL_RELAY_EARLY:
       ++stats_n_relay_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(relay, cell, conn);
+      PROCESS_CELL(relay, cell, chan);
       break;
     case CELL_DESTROY:
       ++stats_n_destroy_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(destroy, cell, conn);
-      break;
-    case CELL_VERSIONS:
-      tor_fragile_assert();
-      break;
-    case CELL_NETINFO:
-      ++stats_n_netinfo_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(netinfo, cell, conn);
+      PROCESS_CELL(destroy, cell, chan);
       break;
     default:
       log_fn(LOG_INFO, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Cell of unknown type (%d) received. Dropping.", cell->command);
+             "Cell of unknown or unexpected type (%d) received.  "
+             "Dropping.",
+             cell->command);
       break;
   }
 }
 
-/** Return true if <b>command</b> is a cell command that's allowed to start a
- * V3 handshake. */
-static int
-command_allowed_before_handshake(uint8_t command)
-{
-  switch (command) {
-    case CELL_VERSIONS:
-    case CELL_VPADDING:
-    case CELL_AUTHORIZE:
-      return 1;
-    default:
-      return 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Process a <b>cell</b> that was just received on <b>conn</b>. Keep internal
- * statistics about how many of each cell we've processed so far
- * this second, and the total number of microseconds it took to
- * process each type of cell.
+/** Process an incoming var_cell from a channel; in the current protocol all
+ * the var_cells are handshake-related and handled below the channel layer,
+ * so this just logs a warning and drops the cell.
  */
+
 void
-command_process_var_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *var_cell)
 {
-#ifdef KEEP_TIMING_STATS
-  /* how many of each cell have we seen so far this second? needs better
-   * name. */
-  static int num_versions=0, num_certs=0;
-
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-
-  if (now > current_second) { /* the second has rolled over */
-    /* print stats */
-    log_info(LD_OR,
-             "At end of second: %d versions (%d ms), %d certs (%d ms)",
-             num_versions, versions_time/1000,
-             num_certs, certs_time/1000);
-
-    num_versions = num_certs = 0;
-    versions_time = certs_time = 0;
-
-    /* remember which second it is, for next time */
-    current_second = now;
-  }
-#endif
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(var_cell);
 
-  if (conn->_base.marked_for_close)
-    return;
-
-  switch (conn->_base.state)
-  {
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2:
-      if (cell->command != CELL_VERSIONS) {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Received a cell with command %d in state %s; "
-               "closing the connection.",
-               (int)cell->command,
-               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR,conn->_base.state));
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING:
-      /* If we're using bufferevents, it's entirely possible for us to
-       * notice "hey, data arrived!" before we notice "hey, the handshake
-       * finished!" And we need to be accepting both at once to handle both
-       * the v2 and v3 handshakes. */
-
-      /* fall through */
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING:
-      if (! command_allowed_before_handshake(cell->command)) {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Received a cell with command %d in state %s; "
-               "closing the connection.",
-               (int)cell->command,
-               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR,conn->_base.state));
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      } else {
-        if (enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(cell, conn)<0)
-          return;
-      }
-      break;
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3:
-      if (cell->command != CELL_AUTHENTICATE)
-        or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(conn->handshake_state, cell, 1);
-      break; /* Everything is allowed */
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
-      if (conn->link_proto < 3) {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Received a variable-length cell with command %d in state %s "
-               "with link protocol %d; ignoring it.",
-               (int)cell->command,
-               conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR,conn->_base.state),
-               (int)conn->link_proto);
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Received var-length cell with command %d in unexpected state "
-             "%s [%d]; ignoring it.",
-             (int)cell->command,
-             conn_state_to_string(CONN_TYPE_OR,conn->_base.state),
-             (int)conn->_base.state);
-      return;
-  }
-
-  switch (cell->command) {
-    case CELL_VERSIONS:
-      ++stats_n_versions_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(versions, cell, conn);
-      break;
-    case CELL_VPADDING:
-      ++stats_n_vpadding_cells_processed;
-      /* Do nothing */
-      break;
-    case CELL_CERTS:
-      ++stats_n_certs_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(certs, cell, conn);
-      break;
-    case CELL_AUTH_CHALLENGE:
-      ++stats_n_auth_challenge_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(auth_challenge, cell, conn);
-      break;
-    case CELL_AUTHENTICATE:
-      ++stats_n_authenticate_cells_processed;
-      PROCESS_CELL(authenticate, cell, conn);
-      break;
-    case CELL_AUTHORIZE:
-      ++stats_n_authorize_cells_processed;
-      /* Ignored so far. */
-      break;
-    default:
-      log_fn(LOG_INFO, LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Variable-length cell of unknown type (%d) received.",
-               cell->command);
-      break;
-  }
+  log_info(LD_PROTOCOL,
+           "Received unexpected var_cell above the channel layer of type %d"
+           "; dropping it.",
+           var_cell->command);
 }
 
-/** Process a 'create' <b>cell</b> that just arrived from <b>conn</b>. Make a
+/** Process a 'create' <b>cell</b> that just arrived from <b>chan</b>. Make a
  * new circuit with the p_circ_id specified in cell. Put the circuit in state
  * onionskin_pending, and pass the onionskin to the cpuworker. Circ will get
  * picked up again when the cpuworker finishes decrypting it.
  */
 static void
-command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan)
 {
   or_circuit_t *circ;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int id_is_high;
+  create_cell_t *create_cell;
+
+  tor_assert(cell);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+
+  log_debug(LD_OR,
+            "Got a CREATE cell for circ_id %u on channel " U64_FORMAT
+            " (%p)",
+            (unsigned)cell->circ_id,
+            U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan->global_identifier), chan);
 
   if (we_are_hibernating()) {
     log_info(LD_OR,
              "Received create cell but we're shutting down. Sending back "
              "destroy.");
-    connection_or_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, conn,
+    channel_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, chan,
                                END_CIRC_REASON_HIBERNATING);
     return;
   }
 
   if (!server_mode(options) ||
-      (!public_server_mode(options) && conn->is_outgoing)) {
+      (!public_server_mode(options) && channel_is_outgoing(chan))) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Received create cell (type %d) from %s:%d, but we're connected "
+           "Received create cell (type %d) from %s, but we're connected "
            "to it as a client. "
            "Sending back a destroy.",
-           (int)cell->command, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
-    connection_or_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, conn,
-                               END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+           (int)cell->command, channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan));
+    channel_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, chan,
+                         END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
     return;
   }
 
   if (cell->circ_id == 0) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Received a create cell (type %d) from %s:%d with zero circID; "
-           " ignoring.", (int)cell->command, conn->_base.address,
-           conn->_base.port);
+           "Received a create cell (type %d) from %s with zero circID; "
+           " ignoring.", (int)cell->command,
+           channel_get_actual_remote_descr(chan));
     return;
   }
 
   /* If the high bit of the circuit ID is not as expected, close the
    * circ. */
-  id_is_high = cell->circ_id & (1<<15);
-  if ((id_is_high && conn->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER) ||
-      (!id_is_high && conn->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_LOWER)) {
+  if (chan->wide_circ_ids)
+    id_is_high = cell->circ_id & (1u<<31);
+  else
+    id_is_high = cell->circ_id & (1u<<15);
+  if ((id_is_high &&
+       chan->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER) ||
+      (!id_is_high &&
+       chan->circ_id_type == CIRC_ID_TYPE_LOWER)) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Received create cell with unexpected circ_id %d. Closing.",
-           cell->circ_id);
-    connection_or_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, conn,
-                               END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+           "Received create cell with unexpected circ_id %u. Closing.",
+           (unsigned)cell->circ_id);
+    channel_send_destroy(cell->circ_id, chan,
+                         END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
     return;
   }
 
-  if (circuit_id_in_use_on_orconn(cell->circ_id, conn)) {
-    const node_t *node = node_get_by_id(conn->identity_digest);
+  if (circuit_id_in_use_on_channel(cell->circ_id, chan)) {
+    const node_t *node = node_get_by_id(chan->identity_digest);
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-           "Received CREATE cell (circID %d) for known circ. "
+           "Received CREATE cell (circID %u) for known circ. "
            "Dropping (age %d).",
-           cell->circ_id, (int)(time(NULL) - conn->_base.timestamp_created));
+           (unsigned)cell->circ_id,
+           (int)(time(NULL) - channel_when_created(chan)));
     if (node) {
       char *p = esc_for_log(node_get_platform(node));
       log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
@@ -419,23 +264,24 @@ command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
     return;
   }
 
-  circ = or_circuit_new(cell->circ_id, conn);
-  circ->_base.purpose = CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR;
+  circ = or_circuit_new(cell->circ_id, chan);
+  circ->base_.purpose = CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR;
   circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_ONIONSKIN_PENDING);
-  if (cell->command == CELL_CREATE) {
-    char *onionskin = tor_malloc(ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
-    memcpy(onionskin, cell->payload, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  create_cell = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(create_cell_t));
+  if (create_cell_parse(create_cell, cell) < 0) {
+    tor_free(create_cell);
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
+           "Bogus/unrecognized create cell; closing.");
+    circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+    return;
+  }
 
+  if (create_cell->handshake_type != ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST) {
     /* hand it off to the cpuworkers, and then return. */
-    if (assign_onionskin_to_cpuworker(NULL, circ, onionskin) < 0) {
-#define WARN_HANDOFF_FAILURE_INTERVAL (6*60*60)
-      static ratelim_t handoff_warning =
-        RATELIM_INIT(WARN_HANDOFF_FAILURE_INTERVAL);
-      char *m;
-      if ((m = rate_limit_log(&handoff_warning, approx_time()))) {
-        log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Failed to hand off onionskin. Closing.%s",m);
-        tor_free(m);
-      }
+    if (connection_or_digest_is_known_relay(chan->identity_digest))
+      rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_requested(create_cell->handshake_type);
+    if (assign_onionskin_to_cpuworker(NULL, circ, create_cell) < 0) {
+      log_debug(LD_GENERAL,"Failed to hand off onionskin. Closing.");
       circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT);
       return;
     }
@@ -443,30 +289,44 @@ command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
   } else {
     /* This is a CREATE_FAST cell; we can handle it immediately without using
      * a CPU worker. */
-    char keys[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
-    char reply[DIGEST_LEN*2];
-
-    tor_assert(cell->command == CELL_CREATE_FAST);
+    uint8_t keys[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    uint8_t rend_circ_nonce[DIGEST_LEN];
+    int len;
+    created_cell_t created_cell;
 
     /* Make sure we never try to use the OR connection on which we
      * received this cell to satisfy an EXTEND request,  */
-    conn->is_connection_with_client = 1;
-
-    if (fast_server_handshake(cell->payload, (uint8_t*)reply,
-                              (uint8_t*)keys, sizeof(keys))<0) {
+    channel_mark_client(chan);
+
+    memset(&created_cell, 0, sizeof(created_cell));
+    len = onion_skin_server_handshake(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST,
+                                       create_cell->onionskin,
+                                       create_cell->handshake_len,
+                                       NULL,
+                                       created_cell.reply,
+                                       keys, CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN,
+                                       rend_circ_nonce);
+    tor_free(create_cell);
+    if (len < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_OR,"Failed to generate key material. Closing.");
       circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
+      tor_free(create_cell);
       return;
     }
-    if (onionskin_answer(circ, CELL_CREATED_FAST, reply, keys)<0) {
+    created_cell.cell_type = CELL_CREATED_FAST;
+    created_cell.handshake_len = len;
+
+    if (onionskin_answer(circ, &created_cell,
+                         (const char *)keys, rend_circ_nonce)<0) {
       log_warn(LD_OR,"Failed to reply to CREATE_FAST cell. Closing.");
       circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
       return;
     }
+    memwipe(keys, 0, sizeof(keys));
   }
 }
 
-/** Process a 'created' <b>cell</b> that just arrived from <b>conn</b>.
+/** Process a 'created' <b>cell</b> that just arrived from <b>chan</b>.
  * Find the circuit
  * that it's intended for. If we're not the origin of the circuit, package
  * the 'created' cell in an 'extended' relay cell and pass it back. If we
@@ -475,16 +335,17 @@ command_process_create_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
  * extend to the next hop in the circuit if necessary.
  */
 static void
-command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan)
 {
   circuit_t *circ;
+  extended_cell_t extended_cell;
 
-  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(cell->circ_id, conn);
+  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel(cell->circ_id, chan);
 
   if (!circ) {
     log_info(LD_OR,
-             "(circID %d) unknown circ (probably got a destroy earlier). "
-             "Dropping.", cell->circ_id);
+             "(circID %u) unknown circ (probably got a destroy earlier). "
+             "Dropping.", (unsigned)cell->circ_id);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -495,12 +356,18 @@ command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
     return;
   }
 
+  if (created_cell_parse(&extended_cell.created_cell, cell) < 0) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR, "Unparseable created cell.");
+    circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) { /* we're the OP. Handshake this. */
     origin_circuit_t *origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
     int err_reason = 0;
     log_debug(LD_OR,"at OP. Finishing handshake.");
-    if ((err_reason = circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circ, cell->command,
-                                               cell->payload)) < 0) {
+    if ((err_reason = circuit_finish_handshake(origin_circ,
+                                        &extended_cell.created_cell)) < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_OR,"circuit_finish_handshake failed.");
       circuit_mark_for_close(circ, -err_reason);
       return;
@@ -513,11 +380,24 @@ command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
       return;
     }
   } else { /* pack it into an extended relay cell, and send it. */
+    uint8_t command=0;
+    uint16_t len=0;
+    uint8_t payload[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
     log_debug(LD_OR,
               "Converting created cell to extended relay cell, sending.");
-    relay_send_command_from_edge(0, circ, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED,
-                                 (char*)cell->payload, ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN,
-                                 NULL);
+    memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));
+    if (extended_cell.created_cell.cell_type == CELL_CREATED2)
+      extended_cell.cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2;
+    else
+      extended_cell.cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED;
+    if (extended_cell_format(&command, &len, payload, &extended_cell) < 0) {
+      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR, "Can't format extended cell.");
+      circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    relay_send_command_from_edge(0, circ, command,
+                                 (const char*)payload, len, NULL);
   }
 }
 
@@ -526,17 +406,18 @@ command_process_created_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
  * circuit_receive_relay_cell() for actual processing.
  */
 static void
-command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan)
 {
   circuit_t *circ;
   int reason, direction;
 
-  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(cell->circ_id, conn);
+  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel(cell->circ_id, chan);
 
   if (!circ) {
     log_debug(LD_OR,
-              "unknown circuit %d on connection from %s:%d. Dropping.",
-              cell->circ_id, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+              "unknown circuit %u on connection from %s. Dropping.",
+              (unsigned)cell->circ_id,
+              channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -549,7 +430,7 @@ command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
     /* if we're a relay and treating connections with recent local
      * traffic better, then this is one of them. */
-    conn->client_used = time(NULL);
+    channel_timestamp_client(chan);
   }
 
   if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) &&
@@ -570,10 +451,10 @@ command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
       or_circuit_t *or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
       if (or_circ->remaining_relay_early_cells == 0) {
         log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-               "Received too many RELAY_EARLY cells on circ %d from %s:%d."
+               "Received too many RELAY_EARLY cells on circ %u from %s."
                "  Closing circuit.",
-               cell->circ_id, safe_str(conn->_base.address),
-               conn->_base.port);
+               (unsigned)cell->circ_id,
+               safe_str(channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan)));
         circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
         return;
       }
@@ -590,7 +471,7 @@ command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
 }
 
 /** Process a 'destroy' <b>cell</b> that just arrived from
- * <b>conn</b>. Find the circ that it refers to (if any).
+ * <b>chan</b>. Find the circ that it refers to (if any).
  *
  * If the circ is in state
  * onionskin_pending, then call onion_pending_remove() to remove it
@@ -603,28 +484,29 @@ command_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
  * and passes the destroy cell onward if necessary).
  */
 static void
-command_process_destroy_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_process_destroy_cell(cell_t *cell, channel_t *chan)
 {
   circuit_t *circ;
   int reason;
 
-  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(cell->circ_id, conn);
+  circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel(cell->circ_id, chan);
   if (!circ) {
-    log_info(LD_OR,"unknown circuit %d on connection from %s:%d. Dropping.",
-             cell->circ_id, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+    log_info(LD_OR,"unknown circuit %u on connection from %s. Dropping.",
+             (unsigned)cell->circ_id,
+             channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(chan));
     return;
   }
-  log_debug(LD_OR,"Received for circID %d.",cell->circ_id);
+  log_debug(LD_OR,"Received for circID %u.",(unsigned)cell->circ_id);
 
   reason = (uint8_t)cell->payload[0];
 
   if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) &&
       cell->circ_id == TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id) {
     /* the destroy came from behind */
-    circuit_set_p_circid_orconn(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ), 0, NULL);
+    circuit_set_p_circid_chan(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ), 0, NULL);
     circuit_mark_for_close(circ, reason|END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE);
   } else { /* the destroy came from ahead */
-    circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circ, 0, NULL);
+    circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circ, 0, NULL);
     if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
       circuit_mark_for_close(circ, reason|END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE);
     } else {
@@ -637,740 +519,43 @@ command_process_destroy_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
   }
 }
 
-/** Called when we as a server receive an appropriate cell while waiting
- * either for a cell or a TLS handshake.  Set the connection's state to
- * "handshaking_v3', initializes the or_handshake_state field as needed,
- * and add the cell to the hash of incoming cells.)
- *
- * Return 0 on success; return -1 and mark the connection on failure.
+/** Callback to handle a new channel; call command_setup_channel() to give
+ * it the right cell handlers.
  */
-static int
-enter_v3_handshake_with_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  const int started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn);
-
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING ||
-             conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING);
-
-  if (started_here) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Received a cell while TLS-handshaking, not in "
-           "OR_HANDSHAKING_V3, on a connection we originated.");
-  }
-  connection_or_block_renegotiation(conn);
-  conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3;
-  if (connection_init_or_handshake_state(conn, started_here) < 0) {
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return -1;
-  }
-  or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(conn->handshake_state, cell, 1);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Process a 'versions' cell.  The current link protocol version must be 0
- * to indicate that no version has yet been negotiated.  We compare the
- * versions in the cell to the list of versions we support, pick the
- * highest version we have in common, and continue the negotiation from
- * there.
- */
-static void
-command_process_versions_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  int highest_supported_version = 0;
-  const uint8_t *cp, *end;
-  const int started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn);
-  if (conn->link_proto != 0 ||
-      (conn->handshake_state && conn->handshake_state->received_versions)) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Received a VERSIONS cell on a connection with its version "
-           "already set to %d; dropping", (int) conn->link_proto);
-    return;
-  }
-  switch (conn->_base.state)
-    {
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2:
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3:
-      break;
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING:
-    case OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING:
-    default:
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-             "VERSIONS cell while in unexpected state");
-      return;
-  }
-
-  tor_assert(conn->handshake_state);
-  end = cell->payload + cell->payload_len;
-  for (cp = cell->payload; cp+1 < end; ++cp) {
-    uint16_t v = ntohs(get_uint16(cp));
-    if (is_or_protocol_version_known(v) && v > highest_supported_version)
-      highest_supported_version = v;
-  }
-  if (!highest_supported_version) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Couldn't find a version in common between my version list and the "
-           "list in the VERSIONS cell; closing connection.");
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  } else if (highest_supported_version == 1) {
-    /* Negotiating version 1 makes no sense, since version 1 has no VERSIONS
-     * cells. */
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Used version negotiation protocol to negotiate a v1 connection. "
-           "That's crazily non-compliant. Closing connection.");
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  } else if (highest_supported_version < 3 &&
-             conn->_base.state ==  OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Negotiated link protocol 2 or lower after doing a v3 TLS "
-           "handshake. Closing connection.");
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  } else if (highest_supported_version != 2 &&
-             conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2) {
-    /* XXXX This should eventually be a log_protocol_warn */
-    log_fn(LOG_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Negotiated link with non-2 protocol after doing a v2 TLS "
-           "handshake with %s. Closing connection.",
-           fmt_addr(&conn->_base.addr));
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  }
-
-  conn->link_proto = highest_supported_version;
-  conn->handshake_state->received_versions = 1;
-
-  if (conn->link_proto == 2) {
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Negotiated version %d with %s:%d; sending NETINFO.",
-             highest_supported_version,
-             safe_str_client(conn->_base.address),
-             conn->_base.port);
-
-    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(conn) < 0) {
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      return;
-    }
-  } else {
-    const int send_versions = !started_here;
-    /* If we want to authenticate, send a CERTS cell */
-    const int send_certs = !started_here || public_server_mode(get_options());
-    /* If we're a host that got a connection, ask for authentication. */
-    const int send_chall = !started_here;
-    /* If our certs cell will authenticate us, we can send a netinfo cell
-     * right now. */
-    const int send_netinfo = !started_here;
-    const int send_any =
-      send_versions || send_certs || send_chall || send_netinfo;
-    tor_assert(conn->link_proto >= 3);
-
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Negotiated version %d with %s:%d; %s%s%s%s%s",
-             highest_supported_version,
-             safe_str_client(conn->_base.address),
-             conn->_base.port,
-             send_any ? "Sending cells:" : "Waiting for CERTS cell",
-             send_versions ? " VERSIONS" : "",
-             send_certs ? " CERTS" : "",
-             send_chall ? " AUTH_CHALLENGE" : "",
-             send_netinfo ? " NETINFO" : "");
-
-#ifdef DISABLE_V3_LINKPROTO_SERVERSIDE
-    if (1) {
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      return;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    if (send_versions) {
-      if (connection_or_send_versions(conn, 1) < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send versions cell");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    if (send_certs) {
-      if (connection_or_send_certs_cell(conn) < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send certs cell");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    if (send_chall) {
-      if (connection_or_send_auth_challenge_cell(conn) < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send auth_challenge cell");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    if (send_netinfo) {
-      if (connection_or_send_netinfo(conn) < 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
 
-/** Process a 'netinfo' cell: read and act on its contents, and set the
- * connection state to "open". */
 static void
-command_process_netinfo_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+command_handle_incoming_channel(channel_listener_t *listener, channel_t *chan)
 {
-  time_t timestamp;
-  uint8_t my_addr_type;
-  uint8_t my_addr_len;
-  const uint8_t *my_addr_ptr;
-  const uint8_t *cp, *end;
-  uint8_t n_other_addrs;
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-
-  long apparent_skew = 0;
-  uint32_t my_apparent_addr = 0;
-
-  if (conn->link_proto < 2) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Received a NETINFO cell on %s connection; dropping.",
-           conn->link_proto == 0 ? "non-versioned" : "a v1");
-    return;
-  }
-  if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2 &&
-      conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Received a NETINFO cell on non-handshaking connection; dropping.");
-    return;
-  }
-  tor_assert(conn->handshake_state &&
-             conn->handshake_state->received_versions);
-
-  if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3) {
-    tor_assert(conn->link_proto >= 3);
-    if (conn->handshake_state->started_here) {
-      if (!conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR, "Got a NETINFO cell from server, "
-               "but no authentication.  Closing the connection.");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-        return;
-      }
-    } else {
-      /* we're the server.  If the client never authenticated, we have
-         some housekeeping to do.*/
-      if (!conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
-        tor_assert(tor_digest_is_zero(
-                  (const char*)conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id));
-        connection_or_set_circid_type(conn, NULL);
-
-        connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn,
-                  &conn->_base.addr,
-                  conn->_base.port,
-                  (const char*)conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
-                  0);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Decode the cell. */
-  timestamp = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload));
-  if (labs(now - conn->handshake_state->sent_versions_at) < 180) {
-    apparent_skew = now - timestamp;
-  }
-
-  my_addr_type = (uint8_t) cell->payload[4];
-  my_addr_len = (uint8_t) cell->payload[5];
-  my_addr_ptr = (uint8_t*) cell->payload + 6;
-  end = cell->payload + CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
-  cp = cell->payload + 6 + my_addr_len;
-  if (cp >= end) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
-           "Addresses too long in netinfo cell; closing connection.");
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  } else if (my_addr_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && my_addr_len == 4) {
-    my_apparent_addr = ntohl(get_uint32(my_addr_ptr));
-  }
-
-  n_other_addrs = (uint8_t) *cp++;
-  while (n_other_addrs && cp < end-2) {
-    /* Consider all the other addresses; if any matches, this connection is
-     * "canonical." */
-    tor_addr_t addr;
-    const uint8_t *next =
-      decode_address_from_payload(&addr, cp, (int)(end-cp));
-    if (next == NULL) {
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN,  LD_OR,
-             "Bad address in netinfo cell; closing connection.");
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&addr, &conn->real_addr)) {
-      conn->is_canonical = 1;
-      break;
-    }
-    cp = next;
-    --n_other_addrs;
-  }
-
-  /* Act on apparent skew. */
-  /** Warn when we get a netinfo skew with at least this value. */
-#define NETINFO_NOTICE_SKEW 3600
-  if (labs(apparent_skew) > NETINFO_NOTICE_SKEW &&
-      router_get_by_id_digest(conn->identity_digest)) {
-    char dbuf[64];
-    int severity;
-    /*XXXX be smarter about when everybody says we are skewed. */
-    if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(conn->identity_digest))
-      severity = LOG_WARN;
-    else
-      severity = LOG_INFO;
-    format_time_interval(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), apparent_skew);
-    log_fn(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Received NETINFO cell with skewed time from "
-           "server at %s:%d.  It seems that our clock is %s by %s, or "
-           "that theirs is %s. Tor requires an accurate clock to work: "
-           "please check your time and date settings.",
-           conn->_base.address, (int)conn->_base.port,
-           apparent_skew>0 ? "ahead" : "behind", dbuf,
-           apparent_skew>0 ? "behind" : "ahead");
-    if (severity == LOG_WARN) /* only tell the controller if an authority */
-      control_event_general_status(LOG_WARN,
-                          "CLOCK_SKEW SKEW=%ld SOURCE=OR:%s:%d",
-                          apparent_skew,
-                          conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
-  }
-
-  /* XXX maybe act on my_apparent_addr, if the source is sufficiently
-   * trustworthy. */
-  (void)my_apparent_addr;
-
-  if (! conn->handshake_state->sent_netinfo) {
-    /* If we were prepared to authenticate, but we never got an AUTH_CHALLENGE
-     * cell, then we would not previously have sent a NETINFO cell. Do so
-     * now. */
-    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(conn) < 0) {
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      return;
-    }
-  }
+  tor_assert(listener);
+  tor_assert(chan);
 
-  if (connection_or_set_state_open(conn)<0) {
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR, "Got good NETINFO cell from %s:%d; but "
-           "was unable to make the OR connection become open.",
-           safe_str_client(conn->_base.address),
-           conn->_base.port);
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-  } else {
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got good NETINFO cell from %s:%d; OR connection is now "
-             "open, using protocol version %d. Its ID digest is %s",
-             safe_str_client(conn->_base.address),
-             conn->_base.port, (int)conn->link_proto,
-             hex_str(conn->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
-  }
-  assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(conn),time(NULL));
+  command_setup_channel(chan);
 }
 
-/** Process a CERTS cell from an OR connection.
- *
- * If the other side should not have sent us a CERTS cell, or the cell is
- * malformed, or it is supposed to authenticate the TLS key but it doesn't,
- * then mark the connection.
- *
- * If the cell has a good cert chain and we're doing a v3 handshake, then
- * store the certificates in or_handshake_state.  If this is the client side
- * of the connection, we then authenticate the server or mark the connection.
- * If it's the server side, wait for an AUTHENTICATE cell.
+/** Given a channel, install the right handlers to process incoming
+ * cells on it.
  */
-static void
-command_process_certs_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-#define ERR(s)                                                  \
-  do {                                                          \
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
-           "Received a bad CERTS cell from %s:%d: %s",          \
-           safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port, (s)); \
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));                   \
-    goto err;                                                   \
-  } while (0)
-
-  tor_cert_t *link_cert = NULL;
-  tor_cert_t *id_cert = NULL;
-  tor_cert_t *auth_cert = NULL;
-
-  uint8_t *ptr;
-  int n_certs, i;
-  int send_netinfo = 0;
-
-  if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    ERR("We're not doing a v3 handshake!");
-  if (conn->link_proto < 3)
-    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell)
-    ERR("We already got one");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
-    /* Should be unreachable, but let's make sure. */
-    ERR("We're already authenticated!");
-  }
-  if (cell->payload_len < 1)
-    ERR("It had no body");
-  if (cell->circ_id)
-    ERR("It had a nonzero circuit ID");
-
-  n_certs = cell->payload[0];
-  ptr = cell->payload + 1;
-  for (i = 0; i < n_certs; ++i) {
-    uint8_t cert_type;
-    uint16_t cert_len;
-    if (ptr + 3 > cell->payload + cell->payload_len) {
-      goto truncated;
-    }
-    cert_type = *ptr;
-    cert_len = ntohs(get_uint16(ptr+1));
-    if (ptr + 3 + cert_len > cell->payload + cell->payload_len) {
-      goto truncated;
-    }
-    if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_TLS_LINK ||
-        cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_ID_1024 ||
-        cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_AUTH_1024) {
-      tor_cert_t *cert = tor_cert_decode(ptr + 3, cert_len);
-      if (!cert) {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Received undecodable certificate in CERTS cell from %s:%d",
-               safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-      } else {
-        if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_TLS_LINK) {
-          if (link_cert) {
-            tor_cert_free(cert);
-            ERR("Too many TLS_LINK certificates");
-          }
-          link_cert = cert;
-        } else if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_ID_1024) {
-          if (id_cert) {
-            tor_cert_free(cert);
-            ERR("Too many ID_1024 certificates");
-          }
-          id_cert = cert;
-        } else if (cert_type == OR_CERT_TYPE_AUTH_1024) {
-          if (auth_cert) {
-            tor_cert_free(cert);
-            ERR("Too many AUTH_1024 certificates");
-          }
-          auth_cert = cert;
-        } else {
-          tor_cert_free(cert);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    ptr += 3 + cert_len;
-    continue;
-
-  truncated:
-    ERR("It ends in the middle of a certificate");
-  }
-
-  if (conn->handshake_state->started_here) {
-    int severity;
-    if (! (id_cert && link_cert))
-      ERR("The certs we wanted were missing");
-    /* Okay. We should be able to check the certificates now. */
-    if (! tor_tls_cert_matches_key(conn->tls, link_cert)) {
-      ERR("The link certificate didn't match the TLS public key");
-    }
-    /* Note that this warns more loudly about time and validity if we were
-    * _trying_ to connect to an authority, not necessarily if we _did_ connect
-    * to one. */
-    if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(conn->identity_digest))
-      severity = LOG_WARN;
-    else
-      severity = LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN;
-
-    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(severity, link_cert, id_cert, 0))
-      ERR("The link certificate was not valid");
-    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(severity, id_cert, id_cert, 1))
-      ERR("The ID certificate was not valid");
-
-    conn->handshake_state->authenticated = 1;
-    {
-      const digests_t *id_digests = tor_cert_get_id_digests(id_cert);
-      crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd;
-      if (!id_digests)
-        ERR("Couldn't compute digests for key in ID cert");
-
-      identity_rcvd = tor_tls_cert_get_key(id_cert);
-      if (!identity_rcvd)
-        ERR("Internal error: Couldn't get RSA key from ID cert.");
-      memcpy(conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
-             id_digests->d[DIGEST_SHA1], DIGEST_LEN);
-      connection_or_set_circid_type(conn, identity_rcvd);
-      crypto_pk_free(identity_rcvd);
-    }
 
-    if (connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(conn,
-                      conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id) < 0)
-      ERR("Problem setting or checking peer id");
-
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got some good certificates from %s:%d: Authenticated it.",
-             safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-
-    conn->handshake_state->id_cert = id_cert;
-    id_cert = NULL;
-
-    if (!public_server_mode(get_options())) {
-      /* If we initiated the connection and we are not a public server, we
-       * aren't planning to authenticate at all.  At this point we know who we
-       * are talking to, so we can just send a netinfo now. */
-      send_netinfo = 1;
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (! (id_cert && auth_cert))
-      ERR("The certs we wanted were missing");
-
-    /* Remember these certificates so we can check an AUTHENTICATE cell */
-    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, auth_cert, id_cert, 1))
-      ERR("The authentication certificate was not valid");
-    if (! tor_tls_cert_is_valid(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, id_cert, id_cert, 1))
-      ERR("The ID certificate was not valid");
-
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got some good certificates from %s:%d: "
-             "Waiting for AUTHENTICATE.",
-             safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-    /* XXXX check more stuff? */
-
-    conn->handshake_state->id_cert = id_cert;
-    conn->handshake_state->auth_cert = auth_cert;
-    id_cert = auth_cert = NULL;
-  }
-
-  conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell = 1;
-
-  if (send_netinfo) {
-    if (connection_or_send_netinfo(conn) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      goto err;
-    }
-  }
-
- err:
-  tor_cert_free(id_cert);
-  tor_cert_free(link_cert);
-  tor_cert_free(auth_cert);
-#undef ERR
-}
-
-/** Process an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from an OR connection.
- *
- * If we weren't supposed to get one (for example, because we're not the
- * originator of the connection), or it's ill-formed, or we aren't doing a v3
- * handshake, mark the connection.  If the cell is well-formed but we don't
- * want to authenticate, just drop it.  If the cell is well-formed *and* we
- * want to authenticate, send an AUTHENTICATE cell and then a NETINFO cell. */
-static void
-command_process_auth_challenge_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
+void
+command_setup_channel(channel_t *chan)
 {
-  int n_types, i, use_type = -1;
-  uint8_t *cp;
-
-#define ERR(s)                                                  \
-  do {                                                          \
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
-           "Received a bad AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d: %s", \
-           safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port, (s));       \
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));                   \
-    return;                                                     \
-  } while (0)
-
-  if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    ERR("We're not currently doing a v3 handshake");
-  if (conn->link_proto < 3)
-    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
-  if (! conn->handshake_state->started_here)
-    ERR("We didn't originate this connection");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->received_auth_challenge)
-    ERR("We already received one");
-  if (! conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell)
-    ERR("We haven't gotten a CERTS cell yet");
-  if (cell->payload_len < OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN + 2)
-    ERR("It was too short");
-  if (cell->circ_id)
-    ERR("It had a nonzero circuit ID");
-
-  n_types = ntohs(get_uint16(cell->payload + OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN));
-  if (cell->payload_len < OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN + 2 + 2*n_types)
-    ERR("It looks truncated");
-
-  /* Now see if there is an authentication type we can use */
-  cp=cell->payload+OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN+2;
-  for (i=0; i < n_types; ++i, cp += 2) {
-    uint16_t authtype = ntohs(get_uint16(cp));
-    if (authtype == AUTHTYPE_RSA_SHA256_TLSSECRET)
-      use_type = authtype;
-  }
-
-  conn->handshake_state->received_auth_challenge = 1;
+  tor_assert(chan);
 
-  if (! public_server_mode(get_options())) {
-    /* If we're not a public server then we don't want to authenticate on a
-       connection we originated, and we already sent a NETINFO cell when we
-       got the CERTS cell. We have nothing more to do. */
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (use_type >= 0) {
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d: Sending "
-             "authentication",
-             safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-
-    if (connection_or_send_authenticate_cell(conn, use_type) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send authenticate cell");
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-      return;
-    }
-  } else {
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell from %s:%d, but we don't "
-             "know any of its authentication types. Not authenticating.",
-             safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-  }
-
-  if (connection_or_send_netinfo(conn) < 0) {
-    log_warn(LD_OR, "Couldn't send netinfo cell");
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
-    return;
-  }
-
-#undef ERR
+  channel_set_cell_handlers(chan,
+                            command_process_cell,
+                            command_process_var_cell);
 }
 
-/** Process an AUTHENTICATE cell from an OR connection.
- *
- * If it's ill-formed or we weren't supposed to get one or we're not doing a
- * v3 handshake, then mark the connection.  If it does not authenticate the
- * other side of the connection successfully (because it isn't signed right,
- * we didn't get a CERTS cell, etc) mark the connection.  Otherwise, accept
- * the identity of the router on the other side of the connection.
+/** Given a listener, install the right handler to process incoming
+ * channels on it.
  */
-static void
-command_process_authenticate_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  uint8_t expected[V3_AUTH_FIXED_PART_LEN];
-  const uint8_t *auth;
-  int authlen;
-
-#define ERR(s)                                                  \
-  do {                                                          \
-    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,                      \
-           "Received a bad AUTHENTICATE cell from %s:%d: %s",   \
-           safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port, (s));       \
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));                   \
-    return;                                                     \
-  } while (0)
-
-  if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    ERR("We're not doing a v3 handshake");
-  if (conn->link_proto < 3)
-    ERR("We're not using link protocol >= 3");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->started_here)
-    ERR("We originated this connection");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->received_authenticate)
-    ERR("We already got one!");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->authenticated) {
-    /* Should be impossible given other checks */
-    ERR("The peer is already authenticated");
-  }
-  if (! conn->handshake_state->received_certs_cell)
-    ERR("We never got a certs cell");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->auth_cert == NULL)
-    ERR("We never got an authentication certificate");
-  if (conn->handshake_state->id_cert == NULL)
-    ERR("We never got an identity certificate");
-  if (cell->payload_len < 4)
-    ERR("Cell was way too short");
-
-  auth = cell->payload;
-  {
-    uint16_t type = ntohs(get_uint16(auth));
-    uint16_t len = ntohs(get_uint16(auth+2));
-    if (4 + len > cell->payload_len)
-      ERR("Authenticator was truncated");
-
-    if (type != AUTHTYPE_RSA_SHA256_TLSSECRET)
-      ERR("Authenticator type was not recognized");
-
-    auth += 4;
-    authlen = len;
-  }
-
-  if (authlen < V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN + 1)
-    ERR("Authenticator was too short");
-
-  if (connection_or_compute_authenticate_cell_body(
-                        conn, expected, sizeof(expected), NULL, 1) < 0)
-    ERR("Couldn't compute expected AUTHENTICATE cell body");
 
-  if (tor_memneq(expected, auth, sizeof(expected)))
-    ERR("Some field in the AUTHENTICATE cell body was not as expected");
-
-  {
-    crypto_pk_t *pk = tor_tls_cert_get_key(
-                                   conn->handshake_state->auth_cert);
-    char d[DIGEST256_LEN];
-    char *signed_data;
-    size_t keysize;
-    int signed_len;
-
-    if (!pk)
-      ERR("Internal error: couldn't get RSA key from AUTH cert.");
-    crypto_digest256(d, (char*)auth, V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN, DIGEST_SHA256);
-
-    keysize = crypto_pk_keysize(pk);
-    signed_data = tor_malloc(keysize);
-    signed_len = crypto_pk_public_checksig(pk, signed_data, keysize,
-                                           (char*)auth + V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN,
-                                           authlen - V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN);
-    crypto_pk_free(pk);
-    if (signed_len < 0) {
-      tor_free(signed_data);
-      ERR("Signature wasn't valid");
-    }
-    if (signed_len < DIGEST256_LEN) {
-      tor_free(signed_data);
-      ERR("Not enough data was signed");
-    }
-    /* Note that we deliberately allow *more* than DIGEST256_LEN bytes here,
-     * in case they're later used to hold a SHA3 digest or something. */
-    if (tor_memneq(signed_data, d, DIGEST256_LEN)) {
-      tor_free(signed_data);
-      ERR("Signature did not match data to be signed.");
-    }
-    tor_free(signed_data);
-  }
-
-  /* Okay, we are authenticated. */
-  conn->handshake_state->received_authenticate = 1;
-  conn->handshake_state->authenticated = 1;
-  conn->handshake_state->digest_received_data = 0;
-  {
-    crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd =
-      tor_tls_cert_get_key(conn->handshake_state->id_cert);
-    const digests_t *id_digests =
-      tor_cert_get_id_digests(conn->handshake_state->id_cert);
-
-    /* This must exist; we checked key type when reading the cert. */
-    tor_assert(id_digests);
-
-    memcpy(conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
-           id_digests->d[DIGEST_SHA1], DIGEST_LEN);
-
-    connection_or_set_circid_type(conn, identity_rcvd);
-    crypto_pk_free(identity_rcvd);
-
-    connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn,
-                  &conn->_base.addr,
-                  conn->_base.port,
-                  (const char*)conn->handshake_state->authenticated_peer_id,
-                  0);
-
-    log_info(LD_OR, "Got an AUTHENTICATE cell from %s:%d: Looks good.",
-             safe_str(conn->_base.address), conn->_base.port);
-  }
+void
+command_setup_listener(channel_listener_t *listener)
+{
+  tor_assert(listener);
+  tor_assert(listener->state == CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING);
 
-#undef ERR
+  channel_listener_set_listener_fn(listener, command_handle_incoming_channel);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/command.h b/src/or/command.h
index 078ccc9f5d..913f46a5cd 100644
--- a/src/or/command.h
+++ b/src/or/command.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,11 +9,15 @@
  * \brief Header file for command.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_COMMAND_H
-#define _TOR_COMMAND_H
+#ifndef TOR_COMMAND_H
+#define TOR_COMMAND_H
 
-void command_process_cell(cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
-void command_process_var_cell(var_cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn);
+#include "channel.h"
+
+void command_process_cell(channel_t *chan, cell_t *cell);
+void command_process_var_cell(channel_t *chan, var_cell_t *cell);
+void command_setup_channel(channel_t *chan);
+void command_setup_listener(channel_listener_t *chan_l);
 
 extern uint64_t stats_n_padding_cells_processed;
 extern uint64_t stats_n_create_cells_processed;
diff --git a/src/or/config.c b/src/or/config.c
index f6db98e667..09fdc0c493 100644
--- a/src/or/config.c
+++ b/src/or/config.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -12,21 +12,28 @@
 #define CONFIG_PRIVATE
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+#include "circuitmux_ewma.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
 #include "control.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
 #include "cpuworker.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
 #include "dns.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
+#include "nodelist.h"
 #include "policies.h"
 #include "relay.h"
 #include "rendclient.h"
@@ -35,6 +42,8 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
 #include "transports.h"
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <shlobj.h>
@@ -45,51 +54,9 @@
 /* From main.c */
 extern int quiet_level;
 
-/** Enumeration of types which option values can take */
-typedef enum config_type_t {
-  CONFIG_TYPE_STRING = 0,   /**< An arbitrary string. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME,     /**< A filename: some prefixes get expanded. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_UINT,         /**< A non-negative integer less than MAX_INT */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_INT,          /**< Any integer. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_PORT,         /**< A port from 1...65535, 0 for "not set", or
-                             * "auto".  */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL,     /**< A number of seconds, with optional units*/
-  CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL,/**< A number of milliseconds, with optional
-                              * units */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT,      /**< A number of bytes, with optional units*/
-  CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE,       /**< A floating-point value */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL,         /**< A boolean value, expressed as 0 or 1. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL,     /**< A boolean+auto value, expressed 0 for false,
-                             * 1 for true, and -1 for auto  */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME,      /**< An ISO-formatted time relative to GMT. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_CSV,          /**< A list of strings, separated by commas and
-                              * optional whitespace. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST,     /**< Uninterpreted config lines */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S,   /**< Uninterpreted, context-sensitive config lines,
-                             * mixed with other keywords. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V,   /**< Catch-all "virtual" option to summarize
-                             * context-sensitive config lines when fetching.
-                             */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET,    /**< A list of router names, addrs, and fps,
-                             * parsed into a routerset_t. */
-  CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE,     /**< Obsolete (ignored) option. */
-} config_type_t;
-
-/** An abbreviation for a configuration option allowed on the command line. */
-typedef struct config_abbrev_t {
-  const char *abbreviated;
-  const char *full;
-  int commandline_only;
-  int warn;
-} config_abbrev_t;
-
-/* Handy macro for declaring "In the config file or on the command line,
- * you can abbreviate <b>tok</b>s as <b>tok</b>". */
-#define PLURAL(tok) { #tok, #tok "s", 0, 0 }
-
 /** A list of abbreviations and aliases to map command-line options, obsolete
  * option names, or alternative option names, to their current values. */
-static config_abbrev_t _option_abbrevs[] = {
+static config_abbrev_t option_abbrevs_[] = {
   PLURAL(AuthDirBadDirCC),
   PLURAL(AuthDirBadExitCC),
   PLURAL(AuthDirInvalidCC),
@@ -114,6 +81,7 @@ static config_abbrev_t _option_abbrevs[] = {
   { "BandwidthRateBytes", "BandwidthRate", 0, 0},
   { "BandwidthBurstBytes", "BandwidthBurst", 0, 0},
   { "DirFetchPostPeriod", "StatusFetchPeriod", 0, 0},
+  { "DirServer", "DirAuthority", 0, 0}, /* XXXX024 later, make this warn? */
   { "MaxConn", "ConnLimit", 0, 1},
   { "ORBindAddress", "ORListenAddress", 0, 0},
   { "DirBindAddress", "DirListenAddress", 0, 0},
@@ -130,31 +98,11 @@ static config_abbrev_t _option_abbrevs[] = {
   { "HashedControlPassword", "__HashedControlSessionPassword", 1, 0},
   { "StrictEntryNodes", "StrictNodes", 0, 1},
   { "StrictExitNodes", "StrictNodes", 0, 1},
+  { "VirtualAddrNetwork", "VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4", 0, 0},
+  { "_UseFilteringSSLBufferevents", "UseFilteringSSLBufferevents", 0, 1},
   { NULL, NULL, 0, 0},
 };
 
-/** A list of state-file "abbreviations," for compatibility. */
-static config_abbrev_t _state_abbrevs[] = {
-  { "AccountingBytesReadInterval", "AccountingBytesReadInInterval", 0, 0 },
-  { "HelperNode", "EntryGuard", 0, 0 },
-  { "HelperNodeDownSince", "EntryGuardDownSince", 0, 0 },
-  { "HelperNodeUnlistedSince", "EntryGuardUnlistedSince", 0, 0 },
-  { "EntryNode", "EntryGuard", 0, 0 },
-  { "EntryNodeDownSince", "EntryGuardDownSince", 0, 0 },
-  { "EntryNodeUnlistedSince", "EntryGuardUnlistedSince", 0, 0 },
-  { NULL, NULL, 0, 0},
-};
-#undef PLURAL
-
-/** A variable allowed in the configuration file or on the command line. */
-typedef struct config_var_t {
-  const char *name; /**< The full keyword (case insensitive). */
-  config_type_t type; /**< How to interpret the type and turn it into a
-                       * value. */
-  off_t var_offset; /**< Offset of the corresponding member of or_options_t. */
-  const char *initvalue; /**< String (or null) describing initial value. */
-} config_var_t;
-
 /** An entry for config_vars: "The option <b>name</b> has type
  * CONFIG_TYPE_<b>conftype</b>, and corresponds to
  * or_options_t.<b>member</b>"
@@ -175,7 +123,7 @@ typedef struct config_var_t {
  * abbreviations, order is significant, since the first matching option will
  * be chosen first.
  */
-static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
+static config_var_t option_vars_[] = {
   OBSOLETE("AccountingMaxKB"),
   V(AccountingMax,               MEMUNIT,  "0 bytes"),
   V(AccountingStart,             STRING,   NULL),
@@ -204,12 +152,13 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(AuthDirListBadExits,         BOOL,     "0"),
   V(AuthDirMaxServersPerAddr,    UINT,     "2"),
   V(AuthDirMaxServersPerAuthAddr,UINT,     "5"),
+  V(AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity,  BOOL,     "0"),
   VAR("AuthoritativeDirectory",  BOOL, AuthoritativeDir,    "0"),
   V(AutomapHostsOnResolve,       BOOL,     "0"),
   V(AutomapHostsSuffixes,        CSV,      ".onion,.exit"),
   V(AvoidDiskWrites,             BOOL,     "0"),
-  V(BandwidthBurst,              MEMUNIT,  "10 MB"),
-  V(BandwidthRate,               MEMUNIT,  "5 MB"),
+  V(BandwidthBurst,              MEMUNIT,  "1 GB"),
+  V(BandwidthRate,               MEMUNIT,  "1 GB"),
   V(BridgeAuthoritativeDir,      BOOL,     "0"),
   VAR("Bridge",                  LINELIST, Bridges,    NULL),
   V(BridgePassword,              STRING,   NULL),
@@ -223,8 +172,10 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(CircuitPriorityHalflife,     DOUBLE,  "-100.0"), /*negative:'Use default'*/
   V(ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses, BOOL,"1"),
   V(ClientOnly,                  BOOL,     "0"),
+  V(ClientPreferIPv6ORPort,      BOOL,     "0"),
   V(ClientRejectInternalAddresses, BOOL,   "1"),
   V(ClientTransportPlugin,       LINELIST, NULL),
+  V(ClientUseIPv6,               BOOL,     "0"),
   V(ConsensusParams,             STRING,   NULL),
   V(ConnLimit,                   UINT,     "1000"),
   V(ConnDirectionStatistics,     BOOL,     "0"),
@@ -257,10 +208,12 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   OBSOLETE("DirRecordUsageRetainIPs"),
   OBSOLETE("DirRecordUsageSaveInterval"),
   V(DirReqStatistics,            BOOL,     "1"),
-  VAR("DirServer",               LINELIST, DirServers, NULL),
+  VAR("DirAuthority",            LINELIST, DirAuthorities, NULL),
+  V(DirAuthorityFallbackRate,    DOUBLE,   "1.0"),
   V(DisableAllSwap,              BOOL,     "0"),
   V(DisableDebuggerAttachment,   BOOL,     "1"),
   V(DisableIOCP,                 BOOL,     "1"),
+  V(DisableV2DirectoryInfo_,     BOOL,     "0"),
   V(DynamicDHGroups,             BOOL,     "0"),
   VPORT(DNSPort,                     LINELIST, NULL),
   V(DNSListenAddress,            LINELIST, NULL),
@@ -278,13 +231,9 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(ExitPortStatistics,          BOOL,     "0"),
   V(ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses, BOOL,     "0"),
   V(ExtraInfoStatistics,         BOOL,     "1"),
+  V(FallbackDir,                 LINELIST, NULL),
 
-#if defined (WINCE)
-  V(FallbackNetworkstatusFile,   FILENAME, "fallback-consensus"),
-#else
-  V(FallbackNetworkstatusFile,   FILENAME,
-    SHARE_DATADIR PATH_SEPARATOR "tor" PATH_SEPARATOR "fallback-consensus"),
-#endif
+  OBSOLETE("FallbackNetworkstatusFile"),
   V(FascistFirewall,             BOOL,     "0"),
   V(FirewallPorts,               CSV,      ""),
   V(FastFirstHopPK,              BOOL,     "1"),
@@ -294,14 +243,19 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(FetchHidServDescriptors,     BOOL,     "1"),
   V(FetchUselessDescriptors,     BOOL,     "0"),
   V(FetchV2Networkstatus,        BOOL,     "0"),
+  V(GeoIPExcludeUnknown,         AUTOBOOL, "auto"),
 #ifdef _WIN32
   V(GeoIPFile,                   FILENAME, "<default>"),
+  V(GeoIPv6File,                 FILENAME, "<default>"),
 #else
   V(GeoIPFile,                   FILENAME,
     SHARE_DATADIR PATH_SEPARATOR "tor" PATH_SEPARATOR "geoip"),
+  V(GeoIPv6File,                 FILENAME,
+    SHARE_DATADIR PATH_SEPARATOR "tor" PATH_SEPARATOR "geoip6"),
 #endif
   OBSOLETE("GiveGuardFlagTo_CVE_2011_2768_VulnerableRelays"),
   OBSOLETE("Group"),
+  V(GuardLifetime,               INTERVAL, "0 minutes"),
   V(HardwareAccel,               BOOL,     "0"),
   V(HeartbeatPeriod,             INTERVAL, "6 hours"),
   V(AccelName,                   STRING,   NULL),
@@ -324,7 +278,9 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(HTTPProxyAuthenticator,      STRING,   NULL),
   V(HTTPSProxy,                  STRING,   NULL),
   V(HTTPSProxyAuthenticator,     STRING,   NULL),
+  V(IPv6Exit,                    BOOL,     "0"),
   VAR("ServerTransportPlugin",   LINELIST, ServerTransportPlugin,  NULL),
+  V(ServerTransportListenAddr,   LINELIST, NULL),
   V(Socks4Proxy,                 STRING,   NULL),
   V(Socks5Proxy,                 STRING,   NULL),
   V(Socks5ProxyUsername,         STRING,   NULL),
@@ -344,7 +300,9 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(MaxCircuitDirtiness,         INTERVAL, "10 minutes"),
   V(MaxClientCircuitsPending,    UINT,     "32"),
   V(MaxMemInCellQueues,          MEMUNIT,  "8 GB"),
-  V(MaxOnionsPending,            UINT,     "100"),
+  OBSOLETE("MaxOnionsPending"),
+  V(MaxOnionQueueDelay,          MSEC_INTERVAL, "1750 msec"),
+  V(MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised, INT, "500"),
   OBSOLETE("MonthlyAccountingStart"),
   V(MyFamily,                    STRING,   NULL),
   V(NewCircuitPeriod,            INTERVAL, "30 seconds"),
@@ -356,22 +314,36 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   OBSOLETE("NoPublish"),
   VAR("NodeFamily",              LINELIST, NodeFamilies,         NULL),
   V(NumCPUs,                     UINT,     "0"),
+  V(NumDirectoryGuards,          UINT,     "0"),
   V(NumEntryGuards,              UINT,     "3"),
   V(ORListenAddress,             LINELIST, NULL),
   VPORT(ORPort,                      LINELIST, NULL),
-  V(OutboundBindAddress,         STRING,   NULL),
+  V(OutboundBindAddress,         LINELIST,   NULL),
 
+  OBSOLETE("PathBiasDisableRate"),
   V(PathBiasCircThreshold,       INT,      "-1"),
   V(PathBiasNoticeRate,          DOUBLE,   "-1"),
-  V(PathBiasDisableRate,         DOUBLE,   "-1"),
+  V(PathBiasWarnRate,            DOUBLE,   "-1"),
+  V(PathBiasExtremeRate,         DOUBLE,   "-1"),
   V(PathBiasScaleThreshold,      INT,      "-1"),
-  V(PathBiasScaleFactor,         INT,      "-1"),
+  OBSOLETE("PathBiasScaleFactor"),
+  OBSOLETE("PathBiasMultFactor"),
+  V(PathBiasDropGuards,          AUTOBOOL, "0"),
+  OBSOLETE("PathBiasUseCloseCounts"),
 
+  V(PathBiasUseThreshold,       INT,      "-1"),
+  V(PathBiasNoticeUseRate,          DOUBLE,   "-1"),
+  V(PathBiasExtremeUseRate,         DOUBLE,   "-1"),
+  V(PathBiasScaleUseThreshold,      INT,      "-1"),
+
+  V(PathsNeededToBuildCircuits,  DOUBLE,   "-1"),
   OBSOLETE("PathlenCoinWeight"),
   V(PerConnBWBurst,              MEMUNIT,  "0"),
   V(PerConnBWRate,               MEMUNIT,  "0"),
   V(PidFile,                     STRING,   NULL),
   V(TestingTorNetwork,           BOOL,     "0"),
+  V(TestingMinExitFlagThreshold, MEMUNIT,  "0"),
+  V(TestingMinFastFlagThreshold, MEMUNIT,  "0"),
   V(OptimisticData,              AUTOBOOL, "auto"),
   V(PortForwarding,              BOOL,     "0"),
   V(PortForwardingHelper,        FILENAME, "tor-fw-helper"),
@@ -413,13 +385,16 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(SocksPolicy,                 LINELIST, NULL),
   VPORT(SocksPort,                   LINELIST, NULL),
   V(SocksTimeout,                INTERVAL, "2 minutes"),
+  V(SSLKeyLifetime,              INTERVAL, "0"),
   OBSOLETE("StatusFetchPeriod"),
   V(StrictNodes,                 BOOL,     "0"),
+  V(Support022HiddenServices,    AUTOBOOL, "auto"),
   OBSOLETE("SysLog"),
   V(TestSocks,                   BOOL,     "0"),
   OBSOLETE("TestVia"),
   V(TokenBucketRefillInterval,   MSEC_INTERVAL, "100 msec"),
   V(Tor2webMode,                 BOOL,     "0"),
+  V(TLSECGroup,                  STRING,   NULL),
   V(TrackHostExits,              CSV,      NULL),
   V(TrackHostExitsExpire,        INTERVAL, "30 minutes"),
   OBSOLETE("TrafficShaping"),
@@ -429,7 +404,9 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(UpdateBridgesFromAuthority,  BOOL,     "0"),
   V(UseBridges,                  BOOL,     "0"),
   V(UseEntryGuards,              BOOL,     "1"),
+  V(UseEntryGuardsAsDirGuards,   BOOL,     "1"),
   V(UseMicrodescriptors,         AUTOBOOL, "auto"),
+  V(UseNTorHandshake,            AUTOBOOL, "auto"),
   V(User,                        STRING,   NULL),
   V(UserspaceIOCPBuffers,        BOOL,     "0"),
   VAR("V1AuthoritativeDirectory",BOOL, V1AuthoritativeDir,   "0"),
@@ -445,9 +422,10 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   V(V3AuthUseLegacyKey,          BOOL,     "0"),
   V(V3BandwidthsFile,            FILENAME, NULL),
   VAR("VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory",BOOL,VersioningAuthoritativeDir, "0"),
-  V(VirtualAddrNetwork,          STRING,   "127.192.0.0/10"),
+  V(VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4,      STRING,   "127.192.0.0/10"),
+  V(VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6,      STRING,   "[FE80::]/10"),
   V(WarnPlaintextPorts,          CSV,      "23,109,110,143"),
-  V(_UseFilteringSSLBufferevents, BOOL,    "0"),
+  V(UseFilteringSSLBufferevents, BOOL,    "0"),
   VAR("__ReloadTorrcOnSIGHUP",   BOOL,  ReloadTorrcOnSIGHUP,      "1"),
   VAR("__AllDirActionsPrivate",  BOOL,  AllDirActionsPrivate,     "0"),
   VAR("__DisablePredictedCircuits",BOOL,DisablePredictedCircuits, "0"),
@@ -457,7 +435,7 @@ static config_var_t _option_vars[] = {
   VAR("__OwningControllerProcess",STRING,OwningControllerProcess, NULL),
   V(MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2, INTERVAL, "25 hours"),
   V(VoteOnHidServDirectoriesV2,  BOOL,     "1"),
-  V(_UsingTestNetworkDefaults,   BOOL,     "0"),
+  VAR("___UsingTestNetworkDefaults", BOOL, UsingTestNetworkDefaults_, "0"),
 
   { NULL, CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE, 0, NULL }
 };
@@ -485,127 +463,18 @@ static const config_var_t testing_tor_network_defaults[] = {
   V(TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability, INTERVAL, "0 minutes"),
   V(TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime, INTERVAL, "0 minutes"),
   V(MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2, INTERVAL, "0 minutes"),
-  V(_UsingTestNetworkDefaults,   BOOL,     "1"),
+  VAR("___UsingTestNetworkDefaults", BOOL, UsingTestNetworkDefaults_, "1"),
 
   { NULL, CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE, 0, NULL }
 };
-#undef VAR
-
-#define VAR(name,conftype,member,initvalue)                             \
-  { name, CONFIG_TYPE_ ## conftype, STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, member),  \
-      initvalue }
-
-/** Array of "state" variables saved to the ~/.tor/state file. */
-static config_var_t _state_vars[] = {
-  /* Remember to document these in state-contents.txt ! */
-
-  V(AccountingBytesReadInInterval,    MEMUNIT,  NULL),
-  V(AccountingBytesWrittenInInterval, MEMUNIT,  NULL),
-  V(AccountingExpectedUsage,          MEMUNIT,  NULL),
-  V(AccountingIntervalStart,          ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(AccountingSecondsActive,          INTERVAL, NULL),
-  V(AccountingSecondsToReachSoftLimit,INTERVAL, NULL),
-  V(AccountingSoftLimitHitAt,         ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(AccountingBytesAtSoftLimit,       MEMUNIT,  NULL),
-
-  VAR("EntryGuard",              LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
-  VAR("EntryGuardDownSince",     LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
-  VAR("EntryGuardUnlistedSince", LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
-  VAR("EntryGuardAddedBy",       LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
-  VAR("EntryGuardPathBias",      LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
-  V(EntryGuards,                 LINELIST_V,  NULL),
-
-  VAR("TransportProxy",               LINELIST_S, TransportProxies, NULL),
-  V(TransportProxies,                 LINELIST_V, NULL),
-
-  V(BWHistoryReadEnds,                ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(BWHistoryReadInterval,            UINT,     "900"),
-  V(BWHistoryReadValues,              CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryReadMaxima,              CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryWriteEnds,               ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(BWHistoryWriteInterval,           UINT,     "900"),
-  V(BWHistoryWriteValues,             CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryWriteMaxima,             CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryDirReadEnds,             ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(BWHistoryDirReadInterval,         UINT,     "900"),
-  V(BWHistoryDirReadValues,           CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryDirReadMaxima,           CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryDirWriteEnds,            ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(BWHistoryDirWriteInterval,        UINT,     "900"),
-  V(BWHistoryDirWriteValues,          CSV,      ""),
-  V(BWHistoryDirWriteMaxima,          CSV,      ""),
-
-  V(TorVersion,                       STRING,   NULL),
-
-  V(LastRotatedOnionKey,              ISOTIME,  NULL),
-  V(LastWritten,                      ISOTIME,  NULL),
-
-  V(TotalBuildTimes,                  UINT,     NULL),
-  V(CircuitBuildAbandonedCount,       UINT,     "0"),
-  VAR("CircuitBuildTimeBin",          LINELIST_S, BuildtimeHistogram, NULL),
-  VAR("BuildtimeHistogram",           LINELIST_V, BuildtimeHistogram, NULL),
-  { NULL, CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE, 0, NULL }
-};
 
 #undef VAR
 #undef V
 #undef OBSOLETE
 
-/** Represents an English description of a configuration variable; used when
- * generating configuration file comments. */
-typedef struct config_var_description_t {
-  const char *name;
-  const char *description;
-} config_var_description_t;
-
-/** Type of a callback to validate whether a given configuration is
- * well-formed and consistent. See options_trial_assign() for documentation
- * of arguments. */
-typedef int (*validate_fn_t)(void*,void*,int,char**);
-
-/** Information on the keys, value types, key-to-struct-member mappings,
- * variable descriptions, validation functions, and abbreviations for a
- * configuration or storage format. */
-typedef struct {
-  size_t size; /**< Size of the struct that everything gets parsed into. */
-  uint32_t magic; /**< Required 'magic value' to make sure we have a struct
-                   * of the right type. */
-  off_t magic_offset; /**< Offset of the magic value within the struct. */
-  config_abbrev_t *abbrevs; /**< List of abbreviations that we expand when
-                             * parsing this format. */
-  config_var_t *vars; /**< List of variables we recognize, their default
-                       * values, and where we stick them in the structure. */
-  validate_fn_t validate_fn; /**< Function to validate config. */
-  /** If present, extra is a LINELIST variable for unrecognized
-   * lines.  Otherwise, unrecognized lines are an error. */
-  config_var_t *extra;
-} config_format_t;
-
-/** Macro: assert that <b>cfg</b> has the right magic field for format
- * <b>fmt</b>. */
-#define CHECK(fmt, cfg) STMT_BEGIN                                      \
-    tor_assert(fmt && cfg);                                             \
-    tor_assert((fmt)->magic ==                                          \
-               *(uint32_t*)STRUCT_VAR_P(cfg,fmt->magic_offset));        \
-  STMT_END
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 static char *get_windows_conf_root(void);
 #endif
-static void config_line_append(config_line_t **lst,
-                               const char *key, const char *val);
-static void option_clear(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-                         const config_var_t *var);
-static void option_reset(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-                         const config_var_t *var, int use_defaults);
-static void config_free(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options);
-static int config_lines_eq(config_line_t *a, config_line_t *b);
-static int config_count_key(const config_line_t *a, const char *key);
-static int option_is_same(const config_format_t *fmt,
-                          const or_options_t *o1, const or_options_t *o2,
-                          const char *name);
-static or_options_t *options_dup(const config_format_t *fmt,
-                                 const or_options_t *old);
 static int options_validate(or_options_t *old_options,
                             or_options_t *options,
                             int from_setconf, char **msg);
@@ -624,9 +493,13 @@ static int parse_bridge_line(const char *line, int validate_only);
 static int parse_client_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only);
 
 static int parse_server_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only);
-static int parse_dir_server_line(const char *line,
+static char *get_bindaddr_from_transport_listen_line(const char *line,
+                                                     const char *transport);
+static int parse_dir_authority_line(const char *line,
                                  dirinfo_type_t required_type,
                                  int validate_only);
+static int parse_dir_fallback_line(const char *line,
+                                   int validate_only);
 static void port_cfg_free(port_cfg_t *port);
 static int parse_ports(or_options_t *options, int validate_only,
                               char **msg_out, int *n_ports_out);
@@ -636,20 +509,14 @@ static int check_server_ports(const smartlist_t *ports,
 static int validate_data_directory(or_options_t *options);
 static int write_configuration_file(const char *fname,
                                     const or_options_t *options);
-static config_line_t *get_assigned_option(const config_format_t *fmt,
-                                        const void *options, const char *key,
-                                        int escape_val);
-static void config_init(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options);
-static int or_state_validate(or_state_t *old_options, or_state_t *options,
-                             int from_setconf, char **msg);
-static int or_state_load(void);
 static int options_init_logs(or_options_t *options, int validate_only);
 
-static uint64_t config_parse_memunit(const char *s, int *ok);
-static int config_parse_msec_interval(const char *s, int *ok);
-static int config_parse_interval(const char *s, int *ok);
 static void init_libevent(const or_options_t *options);
 static int opt_streq(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+static int parse_outbound_addresses(or_options_t *options, int validate_only,
+                                    char **msg);
+static void config_maybe_load_geoip_files_(const or_options_t *options,
+                                           const or_options_t *old_options);
 
 /** Magic value for or_options_t. */
 #define OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC 9090909
@@ -658,33 +525,13 @@ static int opt_streq(const char *s1, const char *s2);
 static config_format_t options_format = {
   sizeof(or_options_t),
   OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC,
-  STRUCT_OFFSET(or_options_t, _magic),
-  _option_abbrevs,
-  _option_vars,
+  STRUCT_OFFSET(or_options_t, magic_),
+  option_abbrevs_,
+  option_vars_,
   (validate_fn_t)options_validate,
   NULL
 };
 
-/** Magic value for or_state_t. */
-#define OR_STATE_MAGIC 0x57A73f57
-
-/** "Extra" variable in the state that receives lines we can't parse. This
- * lets us preserve options from versions of Tor newer than us. */
-static config_var_t state_extra_var = {
-  "__extra", CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST, STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, ExtraLines), NULL
-};
-
-/** Configuration format for or_state_t. */
-static const config_format_t state_format = {
-  sizeof(or_state_t),
-  OR_STATE_MAGIC,
-  STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, _magic),
-  _state_abbrevs,
-  _state_vars,
-  (validate_fn_t)or_state_validate,
-  &state_extra_var,
-};
-
 /*
  * Functions to read and write the global options pointer.
  */
@@ -698,8 +545,6 @@ static or_options_t *global_default_options = NULL;
 static char *torrc_fname = NULL;
 /** Name of the most recently read torrc-defaults file.*/
 static char *torrc_defaults_fname;
-/** Persistent serialized state. */
-static or_state_t *global_state = NULL;
 /** Configuration Options set by command line. */
 static config_line_t *global_cmdline_options = NULL;
 /** Contents of most recently read DirPortFrontPage file. */
@@ -714,16 +559,6 @@ get_dirportfrontpage(void)
   return global_dirfrontpagecontents;
 }
 
-/** Allocate an empty configuration object of a given format type. */
-static void *
-config_alloc(const config_format_t *fmt)
-{
-  void *opts = tor_malloc_zero(fmt->size);
-  *(uint32_t*)STRUCT_VAR_P(opts, fmt->magic_offset) = fmt->magic;
-  CHECK(fmt, opts);
-  return opts;
-}
-
 /** Return the currently configured options. */
 or_options_t *
 get_options_mutable(void)
@@ -774,21 +609,26 @@ set_options(or_options_t *new_val, char **msg)
           var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE) {
         continue;
       }
-      if (!option_is_same(&options_format, new_val, old_options, var_name)) {
-        line = get_assigned_option(&options_format, new_val, var_name, 1);
+      if (!config_is_same(&options_format, new_val, old_options, var_name)) {
+        line = config_get_assigned_option(&options_format, new_val,
+                                          var_name, 1);
 
         if (line) {
-          for (; line; line = line->next) {
+          config_line_t *next;
+          for (; line; line = next) {
+            next = line->next;
             smartlist_add(elements, line->key);
             smartlist_add(elements, line->value);
+            tor_free(line);
           }
         } else {
-          smartlist_add(elements, (char*)options_format.vars[i].name);
+          smartlist_add(elements, tor_strdup(options_format.vars[i].name));
           smartlist_add(elements, NULL);
         }
       }
     }
     control_event_conf_changed(elements);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(elements, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
     smartlist_free(elements);
   }
 
@@ -844,13 +684,13 @@ or_options_free(or_options_t *options)
   if (!options)
     return;
 
-  routerset_free(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion);
+  routerset_free(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_);
   if (options->NodeFamilySets) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->NodeFamilySets, routerset_t *,
                       rs, routerset_free(rs));
     smartlist_free(options->NodeFamilySets);
   }
-  tor_free(options->_BridgePassword_AuthDigest);
+  tor_free(options->BridgePassword_AuthDigest_);
   config_free(&options_format, options);
 }
 
@@ -864,15 +704,12 @@ config_free_all(void)
   or_options_free(global_default_options);
   global_default_options = NULL;
 
-  config_free(&state_format, global_state);
-  global_state = NULL;
-
   config_free_lines(global_cmdline_options);
   global_cmdline_options = NULL;
 
   if (configured_ports) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(configured_ports,
-                      port_cfg_t *, p, tor_free(p));
+                      port_cfg_t *, p, port_cfg_free(p));
     smartlist_free(configured_ports);
     configured_ports = NULL;
   }
@@ -881,6 +718,9 @@ config_free_all(void)
   tor_free(torrc_defaults_fname);
   tor_free(the_tor_version);
   tor_free(global_dirfrontpagecontents);
+
+  tor_free(the_short_tor_version);
+  tor_free(the_tor_version);
 }
 
 /** Make <b>address</b> -- a piece of information related to our operation as
@@ -893,7 +733,7 @@ const char *
 safe_str_client(const char *address)
 {
   tor_assert(address);
-  if (get_options()->_SafeLogging == SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL)
+  if (get_options()->SafeLogging_ == SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL)
     return "[scrubbed]";
   else
     return address;
@@ -910,7 +750,7 @@ const char *
 safe_str(const char *address)
 {
   tor_assert(address);
-  if (get_options()->_SafeLogging != SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE)
+  if (get_options()->SafeLogging_ != SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE)
     return "[scrubbed]";
   else
     return address;
@@ -922,7 +762,7 @@ safe_str(const char *address)
 const char *
 escaped_safe_str_client(const char *address)
 {
-  if (get_options()->_SafeLogging == SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL)
+  if (get_options()->SafeLogging_ == SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL)
     return "[scrubbed]";
   else
     return escaped(address);
@@ -934,7 +774,7 @@ escaped_safe_str_client(const char *address)
 const char *
 escaped_safe_str(const char *address)
 {
-  if (get_options()->_SafeLogging != SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE)
+  if (get_options()->SafeLogging_ != SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE)
     return "[scrubbed]";
   else
     return escaped(address);
@@ -946,7 +786,7 @@ static void
 add_default_trusted_dir_authorities(dirinfo_type_t type)
 {
   int i;
-  const char *dirservers[] = {
+  const char *authorities[] = {
     "moria1 orport=9101 no-v2 "
       "v3ident=D586D18309DED4CD6D57C18FDB97EFA96D330566 "
       "128.31.0.39:9131 9695 DFC3 5FFE B861 329B 9F1A B04C 4639 7020 CE31",
@@ -975,10 +815,27 @@ add_default_trusted_dir_authorities(dirinfo_type_t type)
       "154.35.32.5:80 CF6D 0AAF B385 BE71 B8E1 11FC 5CFF 4B47 9237 33BC",
     NULL
   };
-  for (i=0; dirservers[i]; i++) {
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(dirservers[i], type, 0)<0) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG, "Couldn't parse internal dirserver line %s",
-              dirservers[i]);
+  for (i=0; authorities[i]; i++) {
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(authorities[i], type, 0)<0) {
+      log_err(LD_BUG, "Couldn't parse internal DirAuthority line %s",
+              authorities[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Add the default fallback directory servers into the fallback directory
+ * server list. */
+static void
+add_default_fallback_dir_servers(void)
+{
+  int i;
+  const char *fallback[] = {
+    NULL
+  };
+  for (i=0; fallback[i]; i++) {
+    if (parse_dir_fallback_line(fallback[i], 0)<0) {
+      log_err(LD_BUG, "Couldn't parse internal FallbackDir line %s",
+              fallback[i]);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -988,28 +845,29 @@ add_default_trusted_dir_authorities(dirinfo_type_t type)
  * user if we changed any dangerous ones.
  */
 static int
-validate_dir_authorities(or_options_t *options, or_options_t *old_options)
+validate_dir_servers(or_options_t *options, or_options_t *old_options)
 {
   config_line_t *cl;
 
-  if (options->DirServers &&
+  if (options->DirAuthorities &&
       (options->AlternateDirAuthority || options->AlternateBridgeAuthority ||
        options->AlternateHSAuthority)) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-             "You cannot set both DirServers and Alternate*Authority.");
+             "You cannot set both DirAuthority and Alternate*Authority.");
     return -1;
   }
 
   /* do we want to complain to the user about being partitionable? */
-  if ((options->DirServers &&
+  if ((options->DirAuthorities &&
        (!old_options ||
-        !config_lines_eq(options->DirServers, old_options->DirServers))) ||
+        !config_lines_eq(options->DirAuthorities,
+                         old_options->DirAuthorities))) ||
       (options->AlternateDirAuthority &&
        (!old_options ||
         !config_lines_eq(options->AlternateDirAuthority,
                          old_options->AlternateDirAuthority)))) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-             "You have used DirServer or AlternateDirAuthority to "
+             "You have used DirAuthority or AlternateDirAuthority to "
              "specify alternate directory authorities in "
              "your configuration. This is potentially dangerous: it can "
              "make you look different from all other Tor users, and hurt "
@@ -1020,17 +878,20 @@ validate_dir_authorities(or_options_t *options, or_options_t *old_options)
 
   /* Now go through the four ways you can configure an alternate
    * set of directory authorities, and make sure none are broken. */
-  for (cl = options->DirServers; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
+  for (cl = options->DirAuthorities; cl; cl = cl->next)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateBridgeAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateDirAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateHSAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 1)<0)
+      return -1;
+  for (cl = options->FallbackDir; cl; cl = cl->next)
+    if (parse_dir_fallback_line(cl->value, 1)<0)
       return -1;
   return 0;
 }
@@ -1039,13 +900,15 @@ validate_dir_authorities(or_options_t *options, or_options_t *old_options)
  * as appropriate.
  */
 static int
-consider_adding_dir_authorities(const or_options_t *options,
-                                const or_options_t *old_options)
+consider_adding_dir_servers(const or_options_t *options,
+                            const or_options_t *old_options)
 {
   config_line_t *cl;
   int need_to_update =
-    !smartlist_len(router_get_trusted_dir_servers()) || !old_options ||
-    !config_lines_eq(options->DirServers, old_options->DirServers) ||
+    !smartlist_len(router_get_trusted_dir_servers()) ||
+    !smartlist_len(router_get_fallback_dir_servers()) || !old_options ||
+    !config_lines_eq(options->DirAuthorities, old_options->DirAuthorities) ||
+    !config_lines_eq(options->FallbackDir, old_options->FallbackDir) ||
     !config_lines_eq(options->AlternateBridgeAuthority,
                      old_options->AlternateBridgeAuthority) ||
     !config_lines_eq(options->AlternateDirAuthority,
@@ -1057,9 +920,9 @@ consider_adding_dir_authorities(const or_options_t *options,
     return 0; /* all done */
 
   /* Start from a clean slate. */
-  clear_trusted_dir_servers();
+  clear_dir_servers();
 
-  if (!options->DirServers) {
+  if (!options->DirAuthorities) {
     /* then we may want some of the defaults */
     dirinfo_type_t type = NO_DIRINFO;
     if (!options->AlternateBridgeAuthority)
@@ -1071,18 +934,23 @@ consider_adding_dir_authorities(const or_options_t *options,
       type |= HIDSERV_DIRINFO;
     add_default_trusted_dir_authorities(type);
   }
+  if (!options->FallbackDir)
+    add_default_fallback_dir_servers();
 
-  for (cl = options->DirServers; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
+  for (cl = options->DirAuthorities; cl; cl = cl->next)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateBridgeAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateDirAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
       return -1;
   for (cl = options->AlternateHSAuthority; cl; cl = cl->next)
-    if (parse_dir_server_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
+    if (parse_dir_authority_line(cl->value, NO_DIRINFO, 0)<0)
+      return -1;
+  for (cl = options->FallbackDir; cl; cl = cl->next)
+    if (parse_dir_fallback_line(cl->value, 0)<0)
       return -1;
   return 0;
 }
@@ -1131,7 +999,7 @@ options_act_reversible(const or_options_t *old_options, char **msg)
     int n_ports=0;
     /* We need to set the connection limit before we can open the listeners. */
     if (set_max_file_descriptors((unsigned)options->ConnLimit,
-                                 &options->_ConnLimit) < 0) {
+                                 &options->ConnLimit_) < 0) {
       *msg = tor_strdup("Problem with ConnLimit value. See logs for details.");
       goto rollback;
     }
@@ -1237,7 +1105,7 @@ options_act_reversible(const or_options_t *old_options, char **msg)
 
   mark_logs_temp(); /* Close current logs once new logs are open. */
   logs_marked = 1;
-  if (options_init_logs(options, 0)<0) { /* Configure the log(s) */
+  if (options_init_logs(options, 0)<0) { /* Configure the tor_log(s) */
     *msg = tor_strdup("Failed to init Log options. See logs for details.");
     goto rollback;
   }
@@ -1272,7 +1140,7 @@ options_act_reversible(const or_options_t *old_options, char **msg)
 
   if (set_conn_limit && old_options)
     set_max_file_descriptors((unsigned)old_options->ConnLimit,
-                             &options->_ConnLimit);
+                             &options->ConnLimit_);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(new_listeners, connection_t *, conn,
   {
@@ -1354,6 +1222,9 @@ options_transition_requires_fresh_tls_context(const or_options_t *old_options,
     return 1;
   }
 
+  if (!opt_streq(old_options->TLSECGroup, new_options->TLSECGroup))
+    return 1;
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1372,9 +1243,10 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
   config_line_t *cl;
   or_options_t *options = get_options_mutable();
   int running_tor = options->command == CMD_RUN_TOR;
-  char *msg;
+  char *msg=NULL;
   const int transition_affects_workers =
     old_options && options_transition_affects_workers(old_options, options);
+  int old_ewma_enabled;
 
   /* disable ptrace and later, other basic debugging techniques */
   {
@@ -1405,11 +1277,11 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
       return -1;
   }
 
-  if (consider_adding_dir_authorities(options, old_options) < 0)
+  if (consider_adding_dir_servers(options, old_options) < 0)
     return -1;
 
 #ifdef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED
-  log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL, "This copy of Tor was compiled to run in a "
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "This copy of Tor was compiled to run in a "
       "non-anonymous mode. It will provide NO ANONYMITY.");
 #endif
 
@@ -1455,7 +1327,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
   }
 
   /* Load state */
-  if (! global_state && running_tor) {
+  if (! or_state_loaded() && running_tor) {
     if (or_state_load())
       return -1;
     rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time(NULL));
@@ -1541,7 +1413,8 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
 
   /* Register addressmap directives */
   config_register_addressmaps(options);
-  parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetwork, 0, &msg);
+  parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4, AF_INET,0,NULL);
+  parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6, AF_INET6,0,NULL);
 
   /* Update address policies. */
   if (policies_parse_from_options(options) < 0) {
@@ -1558,7 +1431,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
   monitor_owning_controller_process(options->OwningControllerProcess);
 
   /* reload keys as needed for rendezvous services. */
-  if (rend_service_load_keys()<0) {
+  if (rend_service_load_all_keys()<0) {
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Error loading rendezvous service keys");
     return -1;
   }
@@ -1582,8 +1455,16 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
     connection_bucket_init();
 #endif
 
+  old_ewma_enabled = cell_ewma_enabled();
   /* Change the cell EWMA settings */
   cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(options, networkstatus_get_latest_consensus());
+  /* If we just enabled ewma, set the cmux policy on all active channels */
+  if (cell_ewma_enabled() && !old_ewma_enabled) {
+    channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(&ewma_policy);
+  } else if (!cell_ewma_enabled() && old_ewma_enabled) {
+    /* Turn it off everywhere */
+    channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(NULL);
+  }
 
   /* Update the BridgePassword's hashed version as needed.  We store this as a
    * digest so that we can do side-channel-proof comparisons on it.
@@ -1596,13 +1477,19 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
                "BridgePassword.");
       return -1;
     }
-    options->_BridgePassword_AuthDigest = tor_malloc(DIGEST256_LEN);
-    crypto_digest256(options->_BridgePassword_AuthDigest,
+    options->BridgePassword_AuthDigest_ = tor_malloc(DIGEST256_LEN);
+    crypto_digest256(options->BridgePassword_AuthDigest_,
                      http_authenticator, strlen(http_authenticator),
                      DIGEST_SHA256);
     tor_free(http_authenticator);
   }
 
+  if (parse_outbound_addresses(options, 0, &msg) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Failed parsing oubound bind addresses: %s", msg);
+    tor_free(msg);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
   /* Check for transitions that need action. */
   if (old_options) {
     int revise_trackexithosts = 0;
@@ -1622,7 +1509,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
                "preferred or excluded node lists. "
                "Abandoning previous circuits.");
       circuit_mark_all_unused_circs();
-      circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs();
+      circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable();
       revise_trackexithosts = 1;
     }
 
@@ -1640,8 +1527,10 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
       if (!smartlist_strings_eq(old_options->AutomapHostsSuffixes,
                                 options->AutomapHostsSuffixes))
         revise_automap_entries = 1;
-      else if (!opt_streq(old_options->VirtualAddrNetwork,
-                          options->VirtualAddrNetwork))
+      else if (!opt_streq(old_options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4,
+                          options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4) ||
+               !opt_streq(old_options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6,
+                          options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6))
         revise_automap_entries = 1;
     }
 
@@ -1696,23 +1585,18 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
       connection_or_update_token_buckets(get_connection_array(), options);
   }
 
-  /* Maybe load geoip file */
-  if (options->GeoIPFile &&
-      ((!old_options || !opt_streq(old_options->GeoIPFile, options->GeoIPFile))
-       || !geoip_is_loaded())) {
-    /* XXXX Don't use this "<default>" junk; make our filename options
-     * understand prefixes somehow. -NM */
-    /* XXXX024 Reload GeoIPFile on SIGHUP. -NM */
-    char *actual_fname = tor_strdup(options->GeoIPFile);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    if (!strcmp(actual_fname, "<default>")) {
-      const char *conf_root = get_windows_conf_root();
-      tor_free(actual_fname);
-      tor_asprintf(&actual_fname, "%s\\geoip", conf_root);
-    }
-#endif
-    geoip_load_file(actual_fname, options);
-    tor_free(actual_fname);
+  config_maybe_load_geoip_files_(options, old_options);
+
+  if (geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET) && options->GeoIPExcludeUnknown) {
+    /* ExcludeUnknown is true or "auto" */
+    const int is_auto = options->GeoIPExcludeUnknown == -1;
+    int changed;
+
+    changed  = routerset_add_unknown_ccs(&options->ExcludeNodes, is_auto);
+    changed += routerset_add_unknown_ccs(&options->ExcludeExitNodes, is_auto);
+
+    if (changed)
+      routerset_add_unknown_ccs(&options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_, is_auto);
   }
 
   if (options->CellStatistics || options->DirReqStatistics ||
@@ -1737,7 +1621,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
     }
     if ((!old_options || !old_options->DirReqStatistics) &&
         options->DirReqStatistics) {
-      if (geoip_is_loaded()) {
+      if (geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET)) {
         geoip_dirreq_stats_init(now);
         print_notice = 1;
       } else {
@@ -1752,7 +1636,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
     }
     if ((!old_options || !old_options->EntryStatistics) &&
         options->EntryStatistics && !should_record_bridge_info(options)) {
-      if (geoip_is_loaded()) {
+      if (geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET) || geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET6)) {
         geoip_entry_stats_init(now);
         print_notice = 1;
       } else {
@@ -1848,42 +1732,6 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Functions to parse config options
- */
-
-/** If <b>option</b> is an official abbreviation for a longer option,
- * return the longer option.  Otherwise return <b>option</b>.
- * If <b>command_line</b> is set, apply all abbreviations.  Otherwise, only
- * apply abbreviations that work for the config file and the command line.
- * If <b>warn_obsolete</b> is set, warn about deprecated names. */
-static const char *
-expand_abbrev(const config_format_t *fmt, const char *option, int command_line,
-              int warn_obsolete)
-{
-  int i;
-  if (! fmt->abbrevs)
-    return option;
-  for (i=0; fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated; ++i) {
-    /* Abbreviations are case insensitive. */
-    if (!strcasecmp(option,fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated) &&
-        (command_line || !fmt->abbrevs[i].commandline_only)) {
-      if (warn_obsolete && fmt->abbrevs[i].warn) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-                 "The configuration option '%s' is deprecated; "
-                 "use '%s' instead.",
-                 fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated,
-                 fmt->abbrevs[i].full);
-      }
-      /* Keep going through the list in case we want to rewrite it more.
-       * (We could imagine recursing here, but I don't want to get the
-       * user into an infinite loop if we craft our list wrong.) */
-      option = fmt->abbrevs[i].full;
-    }
-  }
-  return option;
-}
-
 /** Helper: Read a list of configuration options from the command line.
  * If successful, put them in *<b>result</b> and return 0, and return
  * -1 and leave *<b>result</b> alone. */
@@ -1943,11 +1791,11 @@ config_get_commandlines(int argc, char **argv, config_line_t **result)
       return -1;
     }
 
-    (*new)->key = tor_strdup(expand_abbrev(&options_format, s, 1, 1));
+    (*new)->key = tor_strdup(config_expand_abbrev(&options_format, s, 1, 1));
     (*new)->value = want_arg ? tor_strdup(argv[i+1]) : tor_strdup("");
     (*new)->command = command;
     (*new)->next = NULL;
-    log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_CONFIG, "command line: parsed keyword '%s', value '%s'",
+    log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "command line: parsed keyword '%s', value '%s'",
         (*new)->key, (*new)->value);
 
     new = &((*new)->next);
@@ -1957,444 +1805,6 @@ config_get_commandlines(int argc, char **argv, config_line_t **result)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Helper: allocate a new configuration option mapping 'key' to 'val',
- * append it to *<b>lst</b>. */
-static void
-config_line_append(config_line_t **lst,
-                   const char *key,
-                   const char *val)
-{
-  config_line_t *newline;
-
-  newline = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-  newline->key = tor_strdup(key);
-  newline->value = tor_strdup(val);
-  newline->next = NULL;
-  while (*lst)
-    lst = &((*lst)->next);
-
-  (*lst) = newline;
-}
-
-/** Helper: parse the config string and strdup into key/value
- * strings. Set *result to the list, or NULL if parsing the string
- * failed.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. Warn and ignore any
- * misformatted lines.
- *
- * If <b>extended</b> is set, then treat keys beginning with / and with + as
- * indicating "clear" and "append" respectively. */
-int
-config_get_lines(const char *string, config_line_t **result, int extended)
-{
-  config_line_t *list = NULL, **next;
-  char *k, *v;
-
-  next = &list;
-  do {
-    k = v = NULL;
-    string = parse_config_line_from_str(string, &k, &v);
-    if (!string) {
-      config_free_lines(list);
-      tor_free(k);
-      tor_free(v);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (k && v) {
-      unsigned command = CONFIG_LINE_NORMAL;
-      if (extended) {
-        if (k[0] == '+') {
-          char *k_new = tor_strdup(k+1);
-          tor_free(k);
-          k = k_new;
-          command = CONFIG_LINE_APPEND;
-        } else if (k[0] == '/') {
-          char *k_new = tor_strdup(k+1);
-          tor_free(k);
-          k = k_new;
-          tor_free(v);
-          v = tor_strdup("");
-          command = CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR;
-        }
-      }
-      /* This list can get long, so we keep a pointer to the end of it
-       * rather than using config_line_append over and over and getting
-       * n^2 performance. */
-      *next = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-      (*next)->key = k;
-      (*next)->value = v;
-      (*next)->next = NULL;
-      (*next)->command = command;
-      next = &((*next)->next);
-    } else {
-      tor_free(k);
-      tor_free(v);
-    }
-  } while (*string);
-
-  *result = list;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Free all the configuration lines on the linked list <b>front</b>.
- */
-void
-config_free_lines(config_line_t *front)
-{
-  config_line_t *tmp;
-
-  while (front) {
-    tmp = front;
-    front = tmp->next;
-
-    tor_free(tmp->key);
-    tor_free(tmp->value);
-    tor_free(tmp);
-  }
-}
-
-/** As config_find_option, but return a non-const pointer. */
-static config_var_t *
-config_find_option_mutable(config_format_t *fmt, const char *key)
-{
-  int i;
-  size_t keylen = strlen(key);
-  if (!keylen)
-    return NULL; /* if they say "--" on the command line, it's not an option */
-  /* First, check for an exact (case-insensitive) match */
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    if (!strcasecmp(key, fmt->vars[i].name)) {
-      return &fmt->vars[i];
-    }
-  }
-  /* If none, check for an abbreviated match */
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    if (!strncasecmp(key, fmt->vars[i].name, keylen)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "The abbreviation '%s' is deprecated. "
-               "Please use '%s' instead",
-               key, fmt->vars[i].name);
-      return &fmt->vars[i];
-    }
-  }
-  /* Okay, unrecognized option */
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** If <b>key</b> is a configuration option, return the corresponding const
- * config_var_t.  Otherwise, if <b>key</b> is a non-standard abbreviation,
- * warn, and return the corresponding const config_var_t.  Otherwise return
- * NULL.
- */
-static const config_var_t *
-config_find_option(const config_format_t *fmt, const char *key)
-{
-  return config_find_option_mutable((config_format_t*)fmt, key);
-}
-
-/** Return the number of option entries in <b>fmt</b>. */
-static int
-config_count_options(const config_format_t *fmt)
-{
-  int i;
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i)
-    ;
-  return i;
-}
-
-/*
- * Functions to assign config options.
- */
-
-/** <b>c</b>-\>key is known to be a real key. Update <b>options</b>
- * with <b>c</b>-\>value and return 0, or return -1 if bad value.
- *
- * Called from config_assign_line() and option_reset().
- */
-static int
-config_assign_value(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-                    config_line_t *c, char **msg)
-{
-  int i, ok;
-  const config_var_t *var;
-  void *lvalue;
-
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  var = config_find_option(fmt, c->key);
-  tor_assert(var);
-
-  lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
-
-  switch (var->type) {
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
-    if (!strcasecmp(c->value, "auto")) {
-      *(int *)lvalue = CFG_AUTO_PORT;
-      break;
-    }
-    /* fall through */
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
-    i = (int)tor_parse_long(c->value, 10,
-                            var->type==CONFIG_TYPE_INT ? INT_MIN : 0,
-                            var->type==CONFIG_TYPE_PORT ? 65535 : INT_MAX,
-                            &ok, NULL);
-    if (!ok) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Int keyword '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
-          c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *(int *)lvalue = i;
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL: {
-    i = config_parse_interval(c->value, &ok);
-    if (!ok) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Interval '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
-          c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *(int *)lvalue = i;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL: {
-    i = config_parse_msec_interval(c->value, &ok);
-    if (!ok) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Msec interval '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
-          c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *(int *)lvalue = i;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT: {
-    uint64_t u64 = config_parse_memunit(c->value, &ok);
-    if (!ok) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Value '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
-          c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *(uint64_t *)lvalue = u64;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
-    i = (int)tor_parse_long(c->value, 10, 0, 1, &ok, NULL);
-    if (!ok) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Boolean '%s %s' expects 0 or 1.",
-          c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    *(int *)lvalue = i;
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
-    if (!strcmp(c->value, "auto"))
-      *(int *)lvalue = -1;
-    else if (!strcmp(c->value, "0"))
-      *(int *)lvalue = 0;
-    else if (!strcmp(c->value, "1"))
-      *(int *)lvalue = 1;
-    else {
-      tor_asprintf(msg, "Boolean '%s %s' expects 0, 1, or 'auto'.",
-                   c->key, c->value);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
-    tor_free(*(char **)lvalue);
-    *(char **)lvalue = tor_strdup(c->value);
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-    *(double *)lvalue = atof(c->value);
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
-    if (parse_iso_time(c->value, (time_t *)lvalue)) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-          "Invalid time '%s' for keyword '%s'", c->value, c->key);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
-    if (*(routerset_t**)lvalue) {
-      routerset_free(*(routerset_t**)lvalue);
-    }
-    *(routerset_t**)lvalue = routerset_new();
-    if (routerset_parse(*(routerset_t**)lvalue, c->value, c->key)<0) {
-      tor_asprintf(msg, "Invalid exit list '%s' for option '%s'",
-                   c->value, c->key);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
-    if (*(smartlist_t**)lvalue) {
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_clear(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue);
-    } else {
-      *(smartlist_t**)lvalue = smartlist_new();
-    }
-
-    smartlist_split_string(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue, c->value, ",",
-                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
-    break;
-
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
-    {
-      config_line_t *lastval = *(config_line_t**)lvalue;
-      if (lastval && lastval->fragile) {
-        if (c->command != CONFIG_LINE_APPEND) {
-          config_free_lines(lastval);
-          *(config_line_t**)lvalue = NULL;
-        } else {
-          lastval->fragile = 0;
-        }
-      }
-
-      config_line_append((config_line_t**)lvalue, c->key, c->value);
-    }
-    break;
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Skipping obsolete configuration option '%s'", c->key);
-    break;
-  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
-    tor_asprintf(msg,
-        "You may not provide a value for virtual option '%s'", c->key);
-    return -1;
-  default:
-    tor_assert(0);
-    break;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Mark every linelist in <b>options</b> "fragile", so that fresh assignments
- * to it will replace old ones. */
-static void
-config_mark_lists_fragile(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options)
-{
-  int i;
-  tor_assert(fmt);
-  tor_assert(options);
-
-  for (i = 0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    const config_var_t *var = &fmt->vars[i];
-    config_line_t *list;
-    if (var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST &&
-        var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V)
-      continue;
-
-    list = *(config_line_t **)STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
-    if (list)
-      list->fragile = 1;
-  }
-}
-
-/** If <b>c</b> is a syntactically valid configuration line, update
- * <b>options</b> with its value and return 0.  Otherwise return -1 for bad
- * key, -2 for bad value.
- *
- * If <b>clear_first</b> is set, clear the value first. Then if
- * <b>use_defaults</b> is set, set the value to the default.
- *
- * Called from config_assign().
- */
-static int
-config_assign_line(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-                   config_line_t *c, int use_defaults,
-                   int clear_first, bitarray_t *options_seen, char **msg)
-{
-  const config_var_t *var;
-
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  var = config_find_option(fmt, c->key);
-  if (!var) {
-    if (fmt->extra) {
-      void *lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
-      log_info(LD_CONFIG,
-               "Found unrecognized option '%s'; saving it.", c->key);
-      config_line_append((config_line_t**)lvalue, c->key, c->value);
-      return 0;
-    } else {
-      tor_asprintf(msg,
-                "Unknown option '%s'.  Failing.", c->key);
-      return -1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Put keyword into canonical case. */
-  if (strcmp(var->name, c->key)) {
-    tor_free(c->key);
-    c->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
-  }
-
-  if (!strlen(c->value)) {
-    /* reset or clear it, then return */
-    if (!clear_first) {
-      if ((var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST ||
-           var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S) &&
-          c->command != CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR) {
-        /* We got an empty linelist from the torrc or command line.
-           As a special case, call this an error. Warn and ignore. */
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-                 "Linelist option '%s' has no value. Skipping.", c->key);
-      } else { /* not already cleared */
-        option_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
-      }
-    }
-    return 0;
-  } else if (c->command == CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR && !clear_first) {
-    option_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
-  }
-
-  if (options_seen && (var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST &&
-                       var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)) {
-    /* We're tracking which options we've seen, and this option is not
-     * supposed to occur more than once. */
-    int var_index = (int)(var - fmt->vars);
-    if (bitarray_is_set(options_seen, var_index)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Option '%s' used more than once; all but the last "
-               "value will be ignored.", var->name);
-    }
-    bitarray_set(options_seen, var_index);
-  }
-
-  if (config_assign_value(fmt, options, c, msg) < 0)
-    return -2;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Restore the option named <b>key</b> in options to its default value.
- * Called from config_assign(). */
-static void
-config_reset_line(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-                  const char *key, int use_defaults)
-{
-  const config_var_t *var;
-
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  var = config_find_option(fmt, key);
-  if (!var)
-    return; /* give error on next pass. */
-
-  option_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
-}
-
 /** Return true iff key is a valid configuration option. */
 int
 option_is_recognized(const char *key)
@@ -2417,287 +1827,7 @@ option_get_canonical_name(const char *key)
 config_line_t *
 option_get_assignment(const or_options_t *options, const char *key)
 {
-  return get_assigned_option(&options_format, options, key, 1);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff value needs to be quoted and escaped to be used in
- * a configuration file. */
-static int
-config_value_needs_escape(const char *value)
-{
-  if (*value == '\"')
-    return 1;
-  while (*value) {
-    switch (*value)
-    {
-    case '\r':
-    case '\n':
-    case '#':
-      /* Note: quotes and backspaces need special handling when we are using
-       * quotes, not otherwise, so they don't trigger escaping on their
-       * own. */
-      return 1;
-    default:
-      if (!TOR_ISPRINT(*value))
-        return 1;
-    }
-    ++value;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return a newly allocated deep copy of the lines in <b>inp</b>. */
-static config_line_t *
-config_lines_dup(const config_line_t *inp)
-{
-  config_line_t *result = NULL;
-  config_line_t **next_out = &result;
-  while (inp) {
-    *next_out = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-    (*next_out)->key = tor_strdup(inp->key);
-    (*next_out)->value = tor_strdup(inp->value);
-    inp = inp->next;
-    next_out = &((*next_out)->next);
-  }
-  (*next_out) = NULL;
-  return result;
-}
-
-/** Return newly allocated line or lines corresponding to <b>key</b> in the
- * configuration <b>options</b>.  If <b>escape_val</b> is true and a
- * value needs to be quoted before it's put in a config file, quote and
- * escape that value. Return NULL if no such key exists. */
-static config_line_t *
-get_assigned_option(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *options,
-                    const char *key, int escape_val)
-{
-  const config_var_t *var;
-  const void *value;
-  config_line_t *result;
-  tor_assert(options && key);
-
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  var = config_find_option(fmt, key);
-  if (!var) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unknown option '%s'.  Failing.", key);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  value = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
-
-  result = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-  result->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
-  switch (var->type)
-    {
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
-      if (*(char**)value) {
-        result->value = tor_strdup(*(char**)value);
-      } else {
-        tor_free(result->key);
-        tor_free(result);
-        return NULL;
-      }
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
-      if (*(time_t*)value) {
-        result->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
-        format_iso_time(result->value, *(time_t*)value);
-      } else {
-        tor_free(result->key);
-        tor_free(result);
-      }
-      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
-      if (*(int*)value == CFG_AUTO_PORT) {
-        result->value = tor_strdup("auto");
-        escape_val = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      /* fall through */
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
-      /* This means every or_options_t uint or bool element
-       * needs to be an int. Not, say, a uint16_t or char. */
-      tor_asprintf(&result->value, "%d", *(int*)value);
-      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT:
-      tor_asprintf(&result->value, U64_FORMAT,
-                   U64_PRINTF_ARG(*(uint64_t*)value));
-      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-      tor_asprintf(&result->value, "%f", *(double*)value);
-      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
-      break;
-
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
-      if (*(int*)value == -1) {
-        result->value = tor_strdup("auto");
-        escape_val = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-      /* fall through */
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
-      result->value = tor_strdup(*(int*)value ? "1" : "0");
-      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
-      result->value = routerset_to_string(*(routerset_t**)value);
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
-      if (*(smartlist_t**)value)
-        result->value =
-          smartlist_join_strings(*(smartlist_t**)value, ",", 0, NULL);
-      else
-        result->value = tor_strdup("");
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_CONFIG,
-             "You asked me for the value of an obsolete config option '%s'.",
-             key);
-      tor_free(result->key);
-      tor_free(result);
-      return NULL;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-               "Can't return context-sensitive '%s' on its own", key);
-      tor_free(result->key);
-      tor_free(result);
-      return NULL;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
-      tor_free(result->key);
-      tor_free(result);
-      result = config_lines_dup(*(const config_line_t**)value);
-      break;
-    default:
-      tor_free(result->key);
-      tor_free(result);
-      log_warn(LD_BUG,"Unknown type %d for known key '%s'",
-               var->type, key);
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  if (escape_val) {
-    config_line_t *line;
-    for (line = result; line; line = line->next) {
-      if (line->value && config_value_needs_escape(line->value)) {
-        char *newval = esc_for_log(line->value);
-        tor_free(line->value);
-        line->value = newval;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-/** Iterate through the linked list of requested options <b>list</b>.
- * For each item, convert as appropriate and assign to <b>options</b>.
- * If an item is unrecognized, set *msg and return -1 immediately,
- * else return 0 for success.
- *
- * If <b>clear_first</b>, interpret config options as replacing (not
- * extending) their previous values. If <b>clear_first</b> is set,
- * then <b>use_defaults</b> to decide if you set to defaults after
- * clearing, or make the value 0 or NULL.
- *
- * Here are the use cases:
- * 1. A non-empty AllowInvalid line in your torrc. Appends to current
- *    if linelist, replaces current if csv.
- * 2. An empty AllowInvalid line in your torrc. Should clear it.
- * 3. "RESETCONF AllowInvalid" sets it to default.
- * 4. "SETCONF AllowInvalid" makes it NULL.
- * 5. "SETCONF AllowInvalid=foo" clears it and sets it to "foo".
- *
- * Use_defaults   Clear_first
- *    0                0       "append"
- *    1                0       undefined, don't use
- *    0                1       "set to null first"
- *    1                1       "set to defaults first"
- * Return 0 on success, -1 on bad key, -2 on bad value.
- *
- * As an additional special case, if a LINELIST config option has
- * no value and clear_first is 0, then warn and ignore it.
- */
-
-/*
-There are three call cases for config_assign() currently.
-
-Case one: Torrc entry
-options_init_from_torrc() calls config_assign(0, 0)
-  calls config_assign_line(0, 0).
-    if value is empty, calls option_reset(0) and returns.
-    calls config_assign_value(), appends.
-
-Case two: setconf
-options_trial_assign() calls config_assign(0, 1)
-  calls config_reset_line(0)
-    calls option_reset(0)
-      calls option_clear().
-  calls config_assign_line(0, 1).
-    if value is empty, returns.
-    calls config_assign_value(), appends.
-
-Case three: resetconf
-options_trial_assign() calls config_assign(1, 1)
-  calls config_reset_line(1)
-    calls option_reset(1)
-      calls option_clear().
-      calls config_assign_value(default)
-  calls config_assign_line(1, 1).
-    returns.
-*/
-static int
-config_assign(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options, config_line_t *list,
-              int use_defaults, int clear_first, char **msg)
-{
-  config_line_t *p;
-  bitarray_t *options_seen;
-  const int n_options = config_count_options(fmt);
-
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  /* pass 1: normalize keys */
-  for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
-    const char *full = expand_abbrev(fmt, p->key, 0, 1);
-    if (strcmp(full,p->key)) {
-      tor_free(p->key);
-      p->key = tor_strdup(full);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* pass 2: if we're reading from a resetting source, clear all
-   * mentioned config options, and maybe set to their defaults. */
-  if (clear_first) {
-    for (p = list; p; p = p->next)
-      config_reset_line(fmt, options, p->key, use_defaults);
-  }
-
-  options_seen = bitarray_init_zero(n_options);
-  /* pass 3: assign. */
-  while (list) {
-    int r;
-    if ((r=config_assign_line(fmt, options, list, use_defaults,
-                              clear_first, options_seen, msg))) {
-      bitarray_free(options_seen);
-      return r;
-    }
-    list = list->next;
-  }
-  bitarray_free(options_seen);
-
-  /** Now we're done assigning a group of options to the configuration.
-   * Subsequent group assignments should _replace_ linelists, not extend
-   * them. */
-  config_mark_lists_fragile(fmt, options);
-
-  return 0;
+  return config_get_assigned_option(&options_format, options, key, 1);
 }
 
 /** Try assigning <b>list</b> to the global options. You do this by duping
@@ -2714,7 +1844,7 @@ options_trial_assign(config_line_t *list, int use_defaults,
                      int clear_first, char **msg)
 {
   int r;
-  or_options_t *trial_options = options_dup(&options_format, get_options());
+  or_options_t *trial_options = config_dup(&options_format, get_options());
 
   if ((r=config_assign(&options_format, trial_options,
                        list, use_defaults, clear_first, msg)) < 0) {
@@ -2741,90 +1871,6 @@ options_trial_assign(config_line_t *list, int use_defaults,
   return SETOPT_OK;
 }
 
-/** Reset config option <b>var</b> to 0, 0.0, NULL, or the equivalent.
- * Called from option_reset() and config_free(). */
-static void
-option_clear(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-             const config_var_t *var)
-{
-  void *lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
-  (void)fmt; /* unused */
-  switch (var->type) {
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
-      tor_free(*(char**)lvalue);
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-      *(double*)lvalue = 0.0;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
-      *(time_t*)lvalue = 0;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
-      *(int*)lvalue = 0;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
-      *(int*)lvalue = -1;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT:
-      *(uint64_t*)lvalue = 0;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
-      if (*(routerset_t**)lvalue) {
-        routerset_free(*(routerset_t**)lvalue);
-        *(routerset_t**)lvalue = NULL;
-      }
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
-      if (*(smartlist_t**)lvalue) {
-        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(*(smartlist_t **)lvalue, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-        smartlist_free(*(smartlist_t **)lvalue);
-        *(smartlist_t **)lvalue = NULL;
-      }
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
-      config_free_lines(*(config_line_t **)lvalue);
-      *(config_line_t **)lvalue = NULL;
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
-      /* handled by linelist_s. */
-      break;
-    case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Clear the option indexed by <b>var</b> in <b>options</b>. Then if
- * <b>use_defaults</b>, set it to its default value.
- * Called by config_init() and option_reset_line() and option_assign_line(). */
-static void
-option_reset(const config_format_t *fmt, or_options_t *options,
-             const config_var_t *var, int use_defaults)
-{
-  config_line_t *c;
-  char *msg = NULL;
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-  option_clear(fmt, options, var); /* clear it first */
-  if (!use_defaults)
-    return; /* all done */
-  if (var->initvalue) {
-    c = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-    c->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
-    c->value = tor_strdup(var->initvalue);
-    if (config_assign_value(fmt, options, c, &msg) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Failed to assign default: %s", msg);
-      tor_free(msg); /* if this happens it's a bug */
-    }
-    config_free_lines(c);
-  }
-}
-
 /** Print a usage message for tor. */
 static void
 print_usage(void)
@@ -2832,7 +1878,7 @@ print_usage(void)
   printf(
 "Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine\n"
 "Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson\n"
-"Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc.\n\n"
+"Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc.\n\n"
 "tor -f <torrc> [args]\n"
 "See man page for options, or https://www.torproject.org/ for "
 "documentation.\n");
@@ -2844,8 +1890,8 @@ list_torrc_options(void)
 {
   int i;
   smartlist_t *lines = smartlist_new();
-  for (i = 0; _option_vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    const config_var_t *var = &_option_vars[i];
+  for (i = 0; option_vars_[i].name; ++i) {
+    const config_var_t *var = &option_vars_[i];
     if (var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE ||
         var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V)
       continue;
@@ -2856,21 +1902,41 @@ list_torrc_options(void)
 
 /** Last value actually set by resolve_my_address. */
 static uint32_t last_resolved_addr = 0;
+
+/** Accessor for last_resolved_addr from outside this file. */
+uint32_t
+get_last_resolved_addr(void)
+{
+  return last_resolved_addr;
+}
+
 /**
- * Based on <b>options-\>Address</b>, guess our public IP address and put it
- * (in host order) into *<b>addr_out</b>. If <b>hostname_out</b> is provided,
- * set *<b>hostname_out</b> to a new string holding the hostname we used to
- * get the address. Return 0 if all is well, or -1 if we can't find a suitable
+ * Use <b>options-\>Address</b> to guess our public IP address.
+ *
+ * Return 0 if all is well, or -1 if we can't find a suitable
  * public IP address.
+ *
+ * If we are returning 0:
+ *   - Put our public IP address (in host order) into *<b>addr_out</b>.
+ *   - If <b>method_out</b> is non-NULL, set *<b>method_out</b> to a static
+ *     string describing how we arrived at our answer.
+ *   - If <b>hostname_out</b> is non-NULL, and we resolved a hostname to
+ *     get our address, set *<b>hostname_out</b> to a newly allocated string
+ *     holding that hostname. (If we didn't get our address by resolving a
+ *     hostname, set *<b>hostname_out</b> to NULL.)
+ *
  * XXXX ipv6
  */
 int
 resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
-                   uint32_t *addr_out, char **hostname_out)
+                   uint32_t *addr_out,
+                   const char **method_out, char **hostname_out)
 {
   struct in_addr in;
   uint32_t addr; /* host order */
   char hostname[256];
+  const char *method_used;
+  const char *hostname_used;
   int explicit_ip=1;
   int explicit_hostname=1;
   int from_interface=0;
@@ -2881,6 +1947,10 @@ resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
 
   tor_assert(addr_out);
 
+  /*
+   * Step one: Fill in 'hostname' to be our best guess.
+   */
+
   if (address && *address) {
     strlcpy(hostname, address, sizeof(hostname));
   } else { /* then we need to guess our address */
@@ -2891,10 +1961,14 @@ resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
       log_fn(warn_severity, LD_NET,"Error obtaining local hostname");
       return -1;
     }
-    log_debug(LD_CONFIG,"Guessed local host name as '%s'",hostname);
+    log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Guessed local host name as '%s'", hostname);
   }
 
-  /* now we know hostname. resolve it and keep only the IP address */
+  /*
+   * Step two: Now that we know 'hostname', parse it or resolve it. If
+   * it doesn't parse or resolve, look at the interface address. Set 'addr'
+   * to be our (host-order) 32-bit answer.
+   */
 
   if (tor_inet_aton(hostname, &in) == 0) {
     /* then we have to resolve it */
@@ -2951,21 +2025,26 @@ resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
                               * illformed */
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Step three: Check whether 'addr' is an internal IP address, and error
+   * out if it is and we don't want that.
+   */
+
   addr_string = tor_dup_ip(addr);
   if (is_internal_IP(addr, 0)) {
     /* make sure we're ok with publishing an internal IP */
-    if (!options->DirServers && !options->AlternateDirAuthority) {
-      /* if they are using the default dirservers, disallow internal IPs
+    if (!options->DirAuthorities && !options->AlternateDirAuthority) {
+      /* if they are using the default authorities, disallow internal IPs
        * always. */
       log_fn(warn_severity, LD_CONFIG,
              "Address '%s' resolves to private IP address '%s'. "
-             "Tor servers that use the default DirServers must have public "
-             "IP addresses.", hostname, addr_string);
+             "Tor servers that use the default DirAuthorities must have "
+             "public IP addresses.", hostname, addr_string);
       tor_free(addr_string);
       return -1;
     }
     if (!explicit_ip) {
-      /* even if they've set their own dirservers, require an explicit IP if
+      /* even if they've set their own authorities, require an explicit IP if
        * they're using an internal address. */
       log_fn(warn_severity, LD_CONFIG, "Address '%s' resolves to private "
              "IP address '%s'. Please set the Address config option to be "
@@ -2975,37 +2054,65 @@ resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
     }
   }
 
-  log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Resolved Address to '%s'.", fmt_addr32(addr));
+  /*
+   * Step four: We have a winner! 'addr' is our answer for sure, and
+   * 'addr_string' is its string form. Fill out the various fields to
+   * say how we decided it.
+   */
+
+  log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Resolved Address to '%s'.", addr_string);
+
+  if (explicit_ip) {
+    method_used = "CONFIGURED";
+    hostname_used = NULL;
+  } else if (explicit_hostname) {
+    method_used = "RESOLVED";
+    hostname_used = hostname;
+  } else if (from_interface) {
+    method_used = "INTERFACE";
+    hostname_used = NULL;
+  } else {
+    method_used = "GETHOSTNAME";
+    hostname_used = hostname;
+  }
+
   *addr_out = addr;
+  if (method_out)
+    *method_out = method_used;
+  if (hostname_out)
+    *hostname_out = hostname_used ? tor_strdup(hostname_used) : NULL;
+
+  /*
+   * Step five: Check if the answer has changed since last time (or if
+   * there was no last time), and if so call various functions to keep
+   * us up-to-date.
+   */
+
   if (last_resolved_addr && last_resolved_addr != *addr_out) {
     /* Leave this as a notice, regardless of the requested severity,
      * at least until dynamic IP address support becomes bulletproof. */
     log_notice(LD_NET,
-               "Your IP address seems to have changed to %s. Updating.",
-               addr_string);
+               "Your IP address seems to have changed to %s "
+               "(METHOD=%s%s%s). Updating.",
+               addr_string, method_used,
+               hostname_used ? " HOSTNAME=" : "",
+               hostname_used ? hostname_used : "");
     ip_address_changed(0);
   }
+
   if (last_resolved_addr != *addr_out) {
-    const char *method;
-    const char *h = hostname;
-    if (explicit_ip) {
-      method = "CONFIGURED";
-      h = NULL;
-    } else if (explicit_hostname) {
-      method = "RESOLVED";
-    } else if (from_interface) {
-      method = "INTERFACE";
-      h = NULL;
-    } else {
-      method = "GETHOSTNAME";
-    }
     control_event_server_status(LOG_NOTICE,
-                                "EXTERNAL_ADDRESS ADDRESS=%s METHOD=%s %s%s",
-                                addr_string, method, h?"HOSTNAME=":"", h);
+                                "EXTERNAL_ADDRESS ADDRESS=%s METHOD=%s%s%s",
+                                addr_string, method_used,
+                                hostname_used ? " HOSTNAME=" : "",
+                                hostname_used ? hostname_used : "");
   }
   last_resolved_addr = *addr_out;
-  if (hostname_out)
-    *hostname_out = tor_strdup(hostname);
+
+  /*
+   * And finally, clean up and return success.
+   */
+
   tor_free(addr_string);
   return 0;
 }
@@ -3039,112 +2146,11 @@ is_local_addr(const tor_addr_t *addr)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Release storage held by <b>options</b>. */
-static void
-config_free(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options)
-{
-  int i;
-
-  if (!options)
-    return;
-
-  tor_assert(fmt);
-
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i)
-    option_clear(fmt, options, &(fmt->vars[i]));
-  if (fmt->extra) {
-    config_line_t **linep = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
-    config_free_lines(*linep);
-    *linep = NULL;
-  }
-  tor_free(options);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff a and b contain identical keys and values in identical
- * order. */
-static int
-config_lines_eq(config_line_t *a, config_line_t *b)
-{
-  while (a && b) {
-    if (strcasecmp(a->key, b->key) || strcmp(a->value, b->value))
-      return 0;
-    a = a->next;
-    b = b->next;
-  }
-  if (a || b)
-    return 0;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/** Return the number of lines in <b>a</b> whose key is <b>key</b>. */
-static int
-config_count_key(const config_line_t *a, const char *key)
-{
-  int n = 0;
-  while (a) {
-    if (!strcasecmp(a->key, key)) {
-      ++n;
-    }
-    a = a->next;
-  }
-  return n;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff the option <b>name</b> has the same value in <b>o1</b>
- * and <b>o2</b>.  Must not be called for LINELIST_S or OBSOLETE options.
- */
-static int
-option_is_same(const config_format_t *fmt,
-               const or_options_t *o1, const or_options_t *o2,
-               const char *name)
-{
-  config_line_t *c1, *c2;
-  int r = 1;
-  CHECK(fmt, o1);
-  CHECK(fmt, o2);
-
-  c1 = get_assigned_option(fmt, o1, name, 0);
-  c2 = get_assigned_option(fmt, o2, name, 0);
-  r = config_lines_eq(c1, c2);
-  config_free_lines(c1);
-  config_free_lines(c2);
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Copy storage held by <b>old</b> into a new or_options_t and return it. */
-static or_options_t *
-options_dup(const config_format_t *fmt, const or_options_t *old)
-{
-  or_options_t *newopts;
-  int i;
-  config_line_t *line;
-
-  newopts = config_alloc(fmt);
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)
-      continue;
-    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE)
-      continue;
-    line = get_assigned_option(fmt, old, fmt->vars[i].name, 0);
-    if (line) {
-      char *msg = NULL;
-      if (config_assign(fmt, newopts, line, 0, 0, &msg) < 0) {
-        log_err(LD_BUG, "Config_get_assigned_option() generated "
-                "something we couldn't config_assign(): %s", msg);
-        tor_free(msg);
-        tor_assert(0);
-      }
-    }
-    config_free_lines(line);
-  }
-  return newopts;
-}
-
 /** Return a new empty or_options_t.  Used for testing. */
 or_options_t *
 options_new(void)
 {
-  return config_alloc(&options_format);
+  return config_new(&options_format);
 }
 
 /** Set <b>options</b> to hold reasonable defaults for most options.
@@ -3155,94 +2161,6 @@ options_init(or_options_t *options)
   config_init(&options_format, options);
 }
 
-/** Set all vars in the configuration object <b>options</b> to their default
- * values. */
-static void
-config_init(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options)
-{
-  int i;
-  const config_var_t *var;
-  CHECK(fmt, options);
-
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    var = &fmt->vars[i];
-    if (!var->initvalue)
-      continue; /* defaults to NULL or 0 */
-    option_reset(fmt, options, var, 1);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Allocate and return a new string holding the written-out values of the vars
- * in 'options'.  If 'minimal', do not write out any default-valued vars.
- * Else, if comment_defaults, write default values as comments.
- */
-static char *
-config_dump(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *default_options,
-            const void *options, int minimal,
-            int comment_defaults)
-{
-  smartlist_t *elements;
-  const or_options_t *defaults = default_options;
-  void *defaults_tmp = NULL;
-  config_line_t *line, *assigned;
-  char *result;
-  int i;
-  char *msg = NULL;
-
-  if (defaults == NULL) {
-    defaults = defaults_tmp = config_alloc(fmt);
-    config_init(fmt, defaults_tmp);
-  }
-
-  /* XXX use a 1 here so we don't add a new log line while dumping */
-  if (default_options == NULL) {
-    if (fmt->validate_fn(NULL, defaults_tmp, 1, &msg) < 0) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG, "Failed to validate default config.");
-      tor_free(msg);
-      tor_assert(0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  elements = smartlist_new();
-  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
-    int comment_option = 0;
-    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE ||
-        fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)
-      continue;
-    /* Don't save 'hidden' control variables. */
-    if (!strcmpstart(fmt->vars[i].name, "__"))
-      continue;
-    if (minimal && option_is_same(fmt, options, defaults, fmt->vars[i].name))
-      continue;
-    else if (comment_defaults &&
-             option_is_same(fmt, options, defaults, fmt->vars[i].name))
-      comment_option = 1;
-
-    line = assigned = get_assigned_option(fmt, options, fmt->vars[i].name, 1);
-
-    for (; line; line = line->next) {
-      smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s%s %s\n",
-                   comment_option ? "# " : "",
-                   line->key, line->value);
-    }
-    config_free_lines(assigned);
-  }
-
-  if (fmt->extra) {
-    line = *(config_line_t**)STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
-    for (; line; line = line->next) {
-      smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s %s\n", line->key, line->value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  result = smartlist_join_strings(elements, "", 0, NULL);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(elements, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(elements);
-  if (defaults_tmp)
-    config_free(fmt, defaults_tmp);
-  return result;
-}
-
 /** Return a string containing a possible configuration file that would give
  * the configuration in <b>options</b>.  If <b>minimal</b> is true, do not
  * include options that are the same as Tor's defaults.
@@ -3299,16 +2217,16 @@ ensure_bandwidth_cap(uint64_t *value, const char *desc, char **msg)
 }
 
 /** Parse an authority type from <b>options</b>-\>PublishServerDescriptor
- * and write it to <b>options</b>-\>_PublishServerDescriptor. Treat "1"
+ * and write it to <b>options</b>-\>PublishServerDescriptor_. Treat "1"
  * as "v2,v3" unless BridgeRelay is 1, in which case treat it as "bridge".
  * Treat "0" as "".
  * Return 0 on success or -1 if not a recognized authority type (in which
- * case the value of _PublishServerDescriptor is undefined). */
+ * case the value of PublishServerDescriptor_ is undefined). */
 static int
 compute_publishserverdescriptor(or_options_t *options)
 {
   smartlist_t *list = options->PublishServerDescriptor;
-  dirinfo_type_t *auth = &options->_PublishServerDescriptor;
+  dirinfo_type_t *auth = &options->PublishServerDescriptor_;
   *auth = NO_DIRINFO;
   if (!list) /* empty list, answer is none */
     return 0;
@@ -3349,6 +2267,10 @@ compute_publishserverdescriptor(or_options_t *options)
  * will generate too many circuits and potentially overload the network. */
 #define MIN_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS 10
 
+/** Highest allowable value for MaxCircuitDirtiness: prevents time_t
+ * overflows. */
+#define MAX_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS (30*24*60*60)
+
 /** Lowest allowable value for CircuitStreamTimeout; if this is too low, Tor
  * will generate too many circuits and potentially overload the network. */
 #define MIN_CIRCUIT_STREAM_TIMEOUT 10
@@ -3386,7 +2308,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   int n_ports=0;
 #define REJECT(arg) \
   STMT_BEGIN *msg = tor_strdup(arg); return -1; STMT_END
-#define COMPLAIN(arg) STMT_BEGIN log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG, arg); STMT_END
+#define COMPLAIN(arg) STMT_BEGIN log_warn(LD_CONFIG, arg); STMT_END
 
   tor_assert(msg);
   *msg = NULL;
@@ -3395,15 +2317,18 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
       (!strcmpstart(uname, "Windows 95") ||
        !strcmpstart(uname, "Windows 98") ||
        !strcmpstart(uname, "Windows Me"))) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG, "Tor is running as a server, but you are "
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Tor is running as a server, but you are "
         "running %s; this probably won't work. See "
-        "https://wiki.torproject.org/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerOS "
+        "https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq.html#BestOSForRelay "
         "for details.", uname);
   }
 
   if (parse_ports(options, 1, msg, &n_ports) < 0)
     return -1;
 
+  if (parse_outbound_addresses(options, 1, msg) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
   if (validate_data_directory(options)<0)
     REJECT("Invalid DataDirectory");
 
@@ -3421,7 +2346,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (server_mode(options) && !options->ContactInfo)
-    log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG, "Your ContactInfo config option is not set. "
+    log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "Your ContactInfo config option is not set. "
         "Please consider setting it, so we can contact you if your server is "
         "misconfigured or something else goes wrong.");
 
@@ -3433,13 +2358,13 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
         config_line_append(&options->Logs, "Log", "warn stdout");
   }
 
-  if (options_init_logs(options, 1)<0) /* Validate the log(s) */
+  if (options_init_logs(options, 1)<0) /* Validate the tor_log(s) */
     REJECT("Failed to validate Log options. See logs for details.");
 
   if (authdir_mode(options)) {
     /* confirm that our address isn't broken, so we can complain now */
     uint32_t tmp;
-    if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &tmp, NULL) < 0)
+    if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &tmp, NULL, NULL) < 0)
       REJECT("Failed to resolve/guess local address. See logs for details.");
   }
 
@@ -3451,7 +2376,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   /* XXXX require that the only port not be DirPort? */
   /* XXXX require that at least one port be listened-upon. */
   if (n_ports == 0 && !options->RendConfigLines)
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG,
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
         "SocksPort, TransPort, NATDPort, DNSPort, and ORPort are all "
         "undefined, and there aren't any hidden services configured.  "
         "Tor will still run, but probably won't do anything.");
@@ -3467,10 +2392,14 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     REJECT("TokenBucketRefillInterval must be between 1 and 1000 inclusive.");
   }
 
+  if (options->DisableV2DirectoryInfo_ && ! authdir_mode(options)) {
+    REJECT("DisableV2DirectoryInfo_ set, but we aren't an authority.");
+  }
+
   if (options->ExcludeExitNodes || options->ExcludeNodes) {
-    options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion = routerset_new();
-    routerset_union(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion,options->ExcludeExitNodes);
-    routerset_union(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion,options->ExcludeNodes);
+    options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_ = routerset_new();
+    routerset_union(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_,options->ExcludeExitNodes);
+    routerset_union(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_,options->ExcludeNodes);
   }
 
   if (options->NodeFamilies) {
@@ -3485,6 +2414,12 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     }
   }
 
+  if (options->TLSECGroup && (strcasecmp(options->TLSECGroup, "P256") &&
+                              strcasecmp(options->TLSECGroup, "P224"))) {
+    COMPLAIN("Unrecognized TLSECGroup: Falling back to the default.");
+    tor_free(options->TLSECGroup);
+  }
+
   if (options->ExcludeNodes && options->StrictNodes) {
     COMPLAIN("You have asked to exclude certain relays from all positions "
              "in your circuits. Expect hidden services and other Tor "
@@ -3552,6 +2487,18 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     return -1;
   }
 
+  if (options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits >= 0.0) {
+    if (options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits < 0.25) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "PathsNeededToBuildCircuits is too low. Increasing "
+               "to 0.25");
+      options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits = 0.25;
+    } else if (options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits > 0.95) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "PathsNeededToBuildCircuits is too high. Decreasing "
+               "to 0.95");
+      options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits = 0.95;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (options->MaxClientCircuitsPending <= 0 ||
       options->MaxClientCircuitsPending > MAX_MAX_CLIENT_CIRCUITS_PENDING) {
     tor_asprintf(msg,
@@ -3593,7 +2540,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
       });
       new_line->value = smartlist_join_strings(instead,",",0,NULL);
       /* These have been deprecated since 0.1.1.5-alpha-cvs */
-      log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG,
+      log_notice(LD_CONFIG,
           "Converting FascistFirewall and FirewallPorts "
           "config options to new format: \"ReachableAddresses %s\"",
           new_line->value);
@@ -3608,7 +2555,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
         new_line->key = tor_strdup("ReachableDirAddresses");
         new_line->value = tor_strdup("*:80");
         options->ReachableDirAddresses = new_line;
-        log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG, "Converting FascistFirewall config option "
+        log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "Converting FascistFirewall config option "
             "to new format: \"ReachableDirAddresses *:80\"");
       }
       if (!options->ReachableORAddresses) {
@@ -3616,7 +2563,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
         new_line->key = tor_strdup("ReachableORAddresses");
         new_line->value = tor_strdup("*:443");
         options->ReachableORAddresses = new_line;
-        log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG, "Converting FascistFirewall config option "
+        log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "Converting FascistFirewall config option "
             "to new format: \"ReachableORAddresses *:443\"");
       }
     }
@@ -3665,29 +2612,30 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   if (options->UseBridges && options->EntryNodes)
     REJECT("You cannot set both UseBridges and EntryNodes.");
 
-  if (options->EntryNodes && !options->UseEntryGuards)
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "EntryNodes is set, but UseEntryGuards is disabled. "
-             "EntryNodes will be ignored.");
+  if (options->EntryNodes && !options->UseEntryGuards) {
+    REJECT("If EntryNodes is set, UseEntryGuards must be enabled.");
+  }
 
-  if (options->MaxMemInCellQueues < (500 << 20)) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "MaxMemInCellQueues must be at least 500 MB for now. "
+  if (options->MaxMemInCellQueues < (256 << 20)) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "MaxMemInCellQueues must be at least 256 MB for now. "
              "Ideally, have it as large as you can afford.");
-    options->MaxMemInCellQueues = (500 << 20);
+    options->MaxMemInCellQueues = (256 << 20);
   }
 
-  options->_AllowInvalid = 0;
+  options->AllowInvalid_ = 0;
+
   if (options->AllowInvalidNodes) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(options->AllowInvalidNodes, const char *, cp) {
         if (!strcasecmp(cp, "entry"))
-          options->_AllowInvalid |= ALLOW_INVALID_ENTRY;
+          options->AllowInvalid_ |= ALLOW_INVALID_ENTRY;
         else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "exit"))
-          options->_AllowInvalid |= ALLOW_INVALID_EXIT;
+          options->AllowInvalid_ |= ALLOW_INVALID_EXIT;
         else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "middle"))
-          options->_AllowInvalid |= ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE;
+          options->AllowInvalid_ |= ALLOW_INVALID_MIDDLE;
         else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "introduction"))
-          options->_AllowInvalid |= ALLOW_INVALID_INTRODUCTION;
+          options->AllowInvalid_ |= ALLOW_INVALID_INTRODUCTION;
         else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "rendezvous"))
-          options->_AllowInvalid |= ALLOW_INVALID_RENDEZVOUS;
+          options->AllowInvalid_ |= ALLOW_INVALID_RENDEZVOUS;
         else {
           tor_asprintf(msg,
               "Unrecognized value '%s' in AllowInvalidNodes", cp);
@@ -3698,11 +2646,11 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
 
   if (!options->SafeLogging ||
       !strcasecmp(options->SafeLogging, "0")) {
-    options->_SafeLogging = SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE;
+    options->SafeLogging_ = SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE;
   } else if (!strcasecmp(options->SafeLogging, "relay")) {
-    options->_SafeLogging = SAFELOG_SCRUB_RELAY;
+    options->SafeLogging_ = SAFELOG_SCRUB_RELAY;
   } else if (!strcasecmp(options->SafeLogging, "1")) {
-    options->_SafeLogging = SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL;
+    options->SafeLogging_ = SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL;
   } else {
     tor_asprintf(msg,
                      "Unrecognized value '%s' in SafeLogging",
@@ -3716,8 +2664,8 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if ((options->BridgeRelay
-        || options->_PublishServerDescriptor & BRIDGE_DIRINFO)
-      && (options->_PublishServerDescriptor
+        || options->PublishServerDescriptor_ & BRIDGE_DIRINFO)
+      && (options->PublishServerDescriptor_
           & (V1_DIRINFO|V2_DIRINFO|V3_DIRINFO))) {
     REJECT("Bridges are not supposed to publish router descriptors to the "
            "directory authorities. Please correct your "
@@ -3768,15 +2716,73 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     options->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout = 0;
   }
 
-  if (!(options->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout) &&
-        options->CircuitBuildTimeout < RECOMMENDED_MIN_CIRCUIT_BUILD_TIMEOUT) {
+  if (options->Tor2webMode && options->UseEntryGuards) {
+    /* tor2web mode clients do not (and should not) use entry guards
+     * in any meaningful way.  Further, tor2web mode causes the hidden
+     * service client code to do things which break the path bias
+     * detector, and it's far easier to turn off entry guards (and
+     * thus the path bias detector with it) than to figure out how to
+     * make a piece of code which cannot possibly help tor2web mode
+     * users compatible with tor2web mode.
+     */
+    log_notice(LD_CONFIG,
+               "Tor2WebMode is enabled; disabling UseEntryGuards.");
+    options->UseEntryGuards = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!(options->UseEntryGuards) &&
+      (options->RendConfigLines != NULL)) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-        "CircuitBuildTimeout is shorter (%d seconds) than recommended "
-        "(%d seconds), and LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is disabled.  "
+             "UseEntryGuards is disabled, but you have configured one or more "
+             "hidden services on this Tor instance.  Your hidden services "
+             "will be very easy to locate using a well-known attack -- see "
+             "http://freehaven.net/anonbib/#hs-attack06 for details.");
+  }
+
+  if (!options->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout && options->CircuitBuildTimeout &&
+      options->CircuitBuildTimeout < RECOMMENDED_MIN_CIRCUIT_BUILD_TIMEOUT) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+        "CircuitBuildTimeout is shorter (%d seconds) than the recommended "
+        "minimum (%d seconds), and LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is disabled.  "
         "If tor isn't working, raise this value or enable "
         "LearnCircuitBuildTimeout.",
         options->CircuitBuildTimeout,
         RECOMMENDED_MIN_CIRCUIT_BUILD_TIMEOUT );
+  } else if (!options->LearnCircuitBuildTimeout &&
+             !options->CircuitBuildTimeout) {
+    log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "You disabled LearnCircuitBuildTimeout, but didn't "
+               "a CircuitBuildTimeout. I'll pick a plausible default.");
+  }
+
+  if (options->PathBiasNoticeRate > 1.0) {
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+              "PathBiasNoticeRate is too high. "
+              "It must be between 0 and 1.0");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (options->PathBiasWarnRate > 1.0) {
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+              "PathBiasWarnRate is too high. "
+              "It must be between 0 and 1.0");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (options->PathBiasExtremeRate > 1.0) {
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+              "PathBiasExtremeRate is too high. "
+              "It must be between 0 and 1.0");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (options->PathBiasNoticeUseRate > 1.0) {
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+              "PathBiasNoticeUseRate is too high. "
+              "It must be between 0 and 1.0");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (options->PathBiasExtremeUseRate > 1.0) {
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+              "PathBiasExtremeUseRate is too high. "
+              "It must be between 0 and 1.0");
+    return -1;
   }
 
   if (options->MaxCircuitDirtiness < MIN_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS) {
@@ -3785,6 +2791,12 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     options->MaxCircuitDirtiness = MIN_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS;
   }
 
+  if (options->MaxCircuitDirtiness > MAX_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "MaxCircuitDirtiness option is too high; "
+             "setting to %d days.", MAX_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS/86400);
+    options->MaxCircuitDirtiness = MAX_MAX_CIRCUIT_DIRTINESS;
+  }
+
   if (options->CircuitStreamTimeout &&
       options->CircuitStreamTimeout < MIN_CIRCUIT_STREAM_TIMEOUT) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "CircuitStreamTimeout option is too short; "
@@ -4042,8 +3054,9 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   if (validate_addr_policies(options, msg) < 0)
     return -1;
 
-  if (validate_dir_authorities(options, old_options) < 0)
-    REJECT("Directory authority line did not parse. See logs for details.");
+  if (validate_dir_servers(options, old_options) < 0)
+    REJECT("Directory authority/fallback line did not parse. See logs "
+           "for details.");
 
   if (options->UseBridges && !options->Bridges)
     REJECT("If you set UseBridges, you must specify at least one bridge.");
@@ -4073,7 +3086,23 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor is not configured as a relay but you specified"
                " a ServerTransportPlugin line (%s). The ServerTransportPlugin "
                "line will be ignored.",
-               esc_for_log(options->ServerTransportPlugin->value));
+               escaped(options->ServerTransportPlugin->value));
+  }
+
+  for (cl = options->ServerTransportListenAddr; cl; cl = cl->next) {
+    /** If get_bindaddr_from_transport_listen_line() fails with
+        'transport' being NULL, it means that something went wrong
+        while parsing the ServerTransportListenAddr line. */
+    char *bindaddr = get_bindaddr_from_transport_listen_line(cl->value, NULL);
+    if (!bindaddr)
+      REJECT("ServerTransportListenAddr did not parse. See logs for details.");
+    tor_free(bindaddr);
+  }
+
+  if (options->ServerTransportListenAddr && !options->ServerTransportPlugin) {
+    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "You need at least a single managed-proxy to "
+               "specify a transport listen address. The "
+               "ServerTransportListenAddr line will be ignored.");
   }
 
   if (options->ConstrainedSockets) {
@@ -4127,7 +3156,11 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
     REJECT("Failed to configure client authorization for hidden services. "
            "See logs for details.");
 
-  if (parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetwork, 1, NULL)<0)
+  if (parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4,
+                                 AF_INET, 1, msg)<0)
+    return -1;
+  if (parse_virtual_addr_network(options->VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6,
+                                 AF_INET6, 1, msg)<0)
     return -1;
 
   if (options->PreferTunneledDirConns && !options->TunnelDirConns)
@@ -4149,15 +3182,15 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (options->TestingTorNetwork &&
-      !(options->DirServers ||
+      !(options->DirAuthorities ||
         (options->AlternateDirAuthority &&
          options->AlternateBridgeAuthority))) {
     REJECT("TestingTorNetwork may only be configured in combination with "
-           "a non-default set of DirServer or both of AlternateDirAuthority "
-           "and AlternateBridgeAuthority configured.");
+           "a non-default set of DirAuthority or both of "
+           "AlternateDirAuthority and AlternateBridgeAuthority configured.");
   }
 
-  if (options->AllowSingleHopExits && !options->DirServers) {
+  if (options->AllowSingleHopExits && !options->DirAuthorities) {
     COMPLAIN("You have set AllowSingleHopExits; now your relay will allow "
              "others to make one-hop exits. However, since by default most "
              "clients avoid relays that set this option, most clients will "
@@ -4169,7 +3202,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   /* Keep changes to hard-coded values synchronous to man page and default
    * values table. */
   if (options->TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval != 30*60 &&
-      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->_UsingTestNetworkDefaults) {
+      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->UsingTestNetworkDefaults_) {
     REJECT("TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval may only be changed in testing "
            "Tor networks!");
   } else if (options->TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval < MIN_VOTE_INTERVAL) {
@@ -4180,7 +3213,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (options->TestingV3AuthInitialVoteDelay != 5*60 &&
-      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->_UsingTestNetworkDefaults) {
+      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->UsingTestNetworkDefaults_) {
 
     REJECT("TestingV3AuthInitialVoteDelay may only be changed in testing "
            "Tor networks!");
@@ -4189,7 +3222,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (options->TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay != 5*60 &&
-      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->_UsingTestNetworkDefaults) {
+      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->UsingTestNetworkDefaults_) {
     REJECT("TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay may only be changed in testing "
            "Tor networks!");
   } else if (options->TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay < MIN_DIST_SECONDS) {
@@ -4204,7 +3237,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (options->TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability != 30*60 &&
-      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->_UsingTestNetworkDefaults) {
+      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->UsingTestNetworkDefaults_) {
     REJECT("TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability may only be changed in "
            "testing Tor networks!");
   } else if (options->TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability < 0) {
@@ -4214,7 +3247,7 @@ options_validate(or_options_t *old_options, or_options_t *options,
   }
 
   if (options->TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime != 10*60 &&
-      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->_UsingTestNetworkDefaults) {
+      !options->TestingTorNetwork && !options->UsingTestNetworkDefaults_) {
     REJECT("TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime may only be changed in "
            "testing Tor networks!");
   } else if (options->TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime < 0) {
@@ -4350,7 +3383,7 @@ options_transition_affects_workers(const or_options_t *old_options,
       !config_lines_eq(old_options->ORPort_lines, new_options->ORPort_lines) ||
       old_options->ServerDNSSearchDomains !=
                                        new_options->ServerDNSSearchDomains ||
-      old_options->_SafeLogging != new_options->_SafeLogging ||
+      old_options->SafeLogging_ != new_options->SafeLogging_ ||
       old_options->ClientOnly != new_options->ClientOnly ||
       public_server_mode(old_options) != public_server_mode(new_options) ||
       !config_lines_eq(old_options->Logs, new_options->Logs) ||
@@ -4377,14 +3410,15 @@ options_transition_affects_descriptor(const or_options_t *old_options,
       !config_lines_eq(old_options->ExitPolicy,new_options->ExitPolicy) ||
       old_options->ExitPolicyRejectPrivate !=
         new_options->ExitPolicyRejectPrivate ||
+      old_options->IPv6Exit != new_options->IPv6Exit ||
       !config_lines_eq(old_options->ORPort_lines,
                        new_options->ORPort_lines) ||
       !config_lines_eq(old_options->DirPort_lines,
                        new_options->DirPort_lines) ||
       old_options->ClientOnly != new_options->ClientOnly ||
       old_options->DisableNetwork != new_options->DisableNetwork ||
-      old_options->_PublishServerDescriptor !=
-        new_options->_PublishServerDescriptor ||
+      old_options->PublishServerDescriptor_ !=
+        new_options->PublishServerDescriptor_ ||
       get_effective_bwrate(old_options) != get_effective_bwrate(new_options) ||
       get_effective_bwburst(old_options) !=
         get_effective_bwburst(new_options) ||
@@ -4535,7 +3569,7 @@ find_torrc_filename(int argc, char **argv,
   for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
     if (i < argc-1 && !strcmp(argv[i],fname_opt)) {
       if (fname) {
-        log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG, "Duplicate %s options on command line.",
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Duplicate %s options on command line.",
             fname_opt);
         tor_free(fname);
       }
@@ -4598,7 +3632,7 @@ load_torrc_from_disk(int argc, char **argv, int defaults_file)
   fname = find_torrc_filename(argc, argv, defaults_file,
                               &using_default_torrc, &ignore_missing_torrc);
   tor_assert(fname);
-  log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_CONFIG, "Opening config file \"%s\"", fname);
+  log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Opening config file \"%s\"", fname);
 
   tor_free(*fname_var);
   *fname_var = fname;
@@ -4608,18 +3642,18 @@ load_torrc_from_disk(int argc, char **argv, int defaults_file)
       !(cf = read_file_to_str(fname,0,NULL))) {
     if (using_default_torrc == 1 || ignore_missing_torrc) {
       if (!defaults_file)
-        log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG, "Configuration file \"%s\" not present, "
+        log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "Configuration file \"%s\" not present, "
             "using reasonable defaults.", fname);
       tor_free(fname); /* sets fname to NULL */
       *fname_var = NULL;
       cf = tor_strdup("");
     } else {
-      log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG,
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
           "Unable to open configuration file \"%s\".", fname);
       goto err;
     }
   } else {
-    log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONFIG, "Read configuration file \"%s\".", fname);
+    log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "Read configuration file \"%s\".", fname);
   }
 
   return cf;
@@ -4695,6 +3729,7 @@ options_init_from_torrc(int argc, char **argv)
   }
 
   if (command == CMD_HASH_PASSWORD) {
+    cf_defaults = tor_strdup("");
     cf = tor_strdup("");
   } else {
     cf_defaults = load_torrc_from_disk(argc, argv, 1);
@@ -4711,7 +3746,7 @@ options_init_from_torrc(int argc, char **argv)
   tor_free(cf);
   tor_free(cf_defaults);
   if (errmsg) {
-    log(LOG_WARN,LD_CONFIG,"%s", errmsg);
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"%s", errmsg);
     tor_free(errmsg);
   }
   return retval < 0 ? -1 : 0;
@@ -4741,7 +3776,7 @@ options_init_from_string(const char *cf_defaults, const char *cf,
                                   this is the first time we run*/
 
   newoptions = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_options_t));
-  newoptions->_magic = OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC;
+  newoptions->magic_ = OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC;
   options_init(newoptions);
   newoptions->command = command;
   newoptions->command_arg = command_arg;
@@ -4763,7 +3798,11 @@ options_init_from_string(const char *cf_defaults, const char *cf,
       goto err;
     }
     if (i==0)
-      newdefaultoptions = options_dup(&options_format, newoptions);
+      newdefaultoptions = config_dup(&options_format, newoptions);
+  }
+
+  if (newdefaultoptions == NULL) {
+    newdefaultoptions = config_dup(&options_format, global_default_options);
   }
 
   /* Go through command-line variables too */
@@ -4801,7 +3840,7 @@ options_init_from_string(const char *cf_defaults, const char *cf,
     config_free(&options_format, newdefaultoptions);
     newdefaultoptions = NULL;
     newoptions = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_options_t));
-    newoptions->_magic = OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC;
+    newoptions->magic_ = OR_OPTIONS_MAGIC;
     options_init(newoptions);
     newoptions->command = command;
     newoptions->command_arg = command_arg;
@@ -4824,7 +3863,7 @@ options_init_from_string(const char *cf_defaults, const char *cf,
         goto err;
       }
       if (i==0)
-        newdefaultoptions = options_dup(&options_format, newoptions);
+        newdefaultoptions = config_dup(&options_format, newoptions);
     }
     /* Assign command-line variables a second time too */
     retval = config_assign(&options_format, newoptions,
@@ -5158,8 +4197,8 @@ parse_bridge_line(const char *line, int validate_only)
   }
 
   if (!validate_only) {
-    log_debug(LD_DIR, "Bridge at %s:%d (transport: %s) (%s)",
-              fmt_addr(&addr), (int)port,
+    log_debug(LD_DIR, "Bridge at %s (transport: %s) (%s)",
+              fmt_addrport(&addr, port),
               transport_name ? transport_name : "no transport",
               fingerprint ? fingerprint : "no key listed");
     bridge_add_from_config(&addr, port,
@@ -5292,8 +4331,8 @@ parse_client_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only)
       transport_add_from_config(&addr, port, smartlist_get(transport_list, 0),
                                 socks_ver);
 
-      log_info(LD_DIR, "Transport '%s' found at %s:%d",
-               transports, fmt_addr(&addr), (int)port);
+      log_info(LD_DIR, "Transport '%s' found at %s",
+               transports, fmt_addrport(&addr, port));
     }
   }
 
@@ -5314,6 +4353,80 @@ parse_client_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only)
   return r;
 }
 
+/** Given a ServerTransportListenAddr <b>line</b>, return its
+ *  <address:port> string. Return NULL if the line was not
+ *  well-formed.
+ *
+ *  If <b>transport</b> is set, return NULL if the line is not
+ *  referring to <b>transport</b>.
+ *
+ *  The returned string is allocated on the heap and it's the
+ *  responsibility of the caller to free it. */
+static char *
+get_bindaddr_from_transport_listen_line(const char *line,const char *transport)
+{
+  smartlist_t *items = NULL;
+  const char *parsed_transport = NULL;
+  char *addrport = NULL;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  uint16_t port = 0;
+
+  items = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_split_string(items, line, NULL,
+                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(items) < 2) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"Too few arguments on ServerTransportListenAddr line.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  parsed_transport = smartlist_get(items, 0);
+  addrport = tor_strdup(smartlist_get(items, 1));
+
+  /* If 'transport' is given, check if it matches the one on the line */
+  if (transport && strcmp(transport, parsed_transport))
+    goto err;
+
+  /* Validate addrport */
+  if (tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_WARN, addrport, &addr, &port)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error parsing ServerTransportListenAddr "
+             "address '%s'", addrport);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  tor_free(addrport);
+  addrport = NULL;
+
+ done:
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
+  smartlist_free(items);
+
+  return addrport;
+}
+
+/** Given the name of a pluggable transport in <b>transport</b>, check
+ *  the configuration file to see if the user has explicitly asked for
+ *  it to listen on a specific port. Return a <address:port> string if
+ *  so, otherwise NULL. */
+char *
+get_transport_bindaddr_from_config(const char *transport)
+{
+  config_line_t *cl;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  for (cl = options->ServerTransportListenAddr; cl; cl = cl->next) {
+    char *bindaddr =
+      get_bindaddr_from_transport_listen_line(cl->value, transport);
+    if (bindaddr)
+      return bindaddr;
+  }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 /** Read the contents of a ServerTransportPlugin line from
  * <b>line</b>. Return 0 if the line is well-formed, and -1 if it
  * isn't.
@@ -5412,8 +4525,8 @@ parse_server_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only)
     }
 
     if (!validate_only) {
-      log_info(LD_DIR, "Server transport '%s' at %s:%d.",
-               transports, fmt_addr(&addr), (int)port);
+      log_info(LD_DIR, "Server transport '%s' at %s.",
+               transports, fmt_addrport(&addr, port));
     }
   }
 
@@ -5434,15 +4547,15 @@ parse_server_transport_line(const char *line, int validate_only)
   return r;
 }
 
-/** Read the contents of a DirServer line from <b>line</b>. If
+/** Read the contents of a DirAuthority line from <b>line</b>. If
  * <b>validate_only</b> is 0, and the line is well-formed, and it
  * shares any bits with <b>required_type</b> or <b>required_type</b>
  * is 0, then add the dirserver described in the line (minus whatever
  * bits it's missing) as a valid authority. Return 0 on success,
  * or -1 if the line isn't well-formed or if we can't add it. */
 static int
-parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
-                      int validate_only)
+parse_dir_authority_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
+                         int validate_only)
 {
   smartlist_t *items = NULL;
   int r;
@@ -5452,12 +4565,13 @@ parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
   char v3_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
   dirinfo_type_t type = V2_DIRINFO;
   int is_not_hidserv_authority = 0, is_not_v2_authority = 0;
+  double weight = 1.0;
 
   items = smartlist_new();
   smartlist_split_string(items, line, NULL,
                          SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
   if (smartlist_len(items) < 1) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "No arguments on DirServer line.");
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "No arguments on DirAuthority line.");
     goto err;
   }
 
@@ -5485,19 +4599,27 @@ parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
       char *portstring = flag + strlen("orport=");
       or_port = (uint16_t) tor_parse_long(portstring, 10, 1, 65535, &ok, NULL);
       if (!ok)
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Invalid orport '%s' on DirServer line.",
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Invalid orport '%s' on DirAuthority line.",
                  portstring);
+    } else if (!strcmpstart(flag, "weight=")) {
+      int ok;
+      const char *wstring = flag + strlen("weight=");
+      weight = tor_parse_double(wstring, 0, UINT64_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+      if (!ok) {
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Invalid weight '%s' on DirAuthority line.",flag);
+        weight=1.0;
+      }
     } else if (!strcasecmpstart(flag, "v3ident=")) {
       char *idstr = flag + strlen("v3ident=");
       if (strlen(idstr) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN ||
           base16_decode(v3_digest, DIGEST_LEN, idstr, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Bad v3 identity digest '%s' on DirServer line",
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Bad v3 identity digest '%s' on DirAuthority line",
                  flag);
       } else {
         type |= V3_DIRINFO|EXTRAINFO_DIRINFO|MICRODESC_DIRINFO;
       }
     } else {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unrecognized flag '%s' on DirServer line",
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unrecognized flag '%s' on DirAuthority line",
                flag);
     }
     tor_free(flag);
@@ -5509,24 +4631,24 @@ parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
     type &= ~V2_DIRINFO;
 
   if (smartlist_len(items) < 2) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Too few arguments to DirServer line.");
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Too few arguments to DirAuthority line.");
     goto err;
   }
   addrport = smartlist_get(items, 0);
   smartlist_del_keeporder(items, 0);
   if (addr_port_lookup(LOG_WARN, addrport, &address, NULL, &dir_port)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error parsing DirServer address '%s'", addrport);
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error parsing DirAuthority address '%s'", addrport);
     goto err;
   }
   if (!dir_port) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Missing port in DirServer address '%s'",addrport);
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Missing port in DirAuthority address '%s'",addrport);
     goto err;
   }
 
   fingerprint = smartlist_join_strings(items, "", 0, NULL);
   if (strlen(fingerprint) != HEX_DIGEST_LEN) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Key digest for DirServer is wrong length %d.",
-             (int)strlen(fingerprint));
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Key digest '%s' for DirAuthority is wrong length %d.",
+             fingerprint, (int)strlen(fingerprint));
     goto err;
   }
   if (!strcmp(fingerprint, "E623F7625FBE0C87820F11EC5F6D5377ED816294")) {
@@ -5538,19 +4660,21 @@ parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
     goto err;
   }
   if (base16_decode(digest, DIGEST_LEN, fingerprint, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unable to decode DirServer key digest.");
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unable to decode DirAuthority key digest.");
     goto err;
   }
 
   if (!validate_only && (!required_type || required_type & type)) {
+    dir_server_t *ds;
     if (required_type)
       type &= required_type; /* pare down what we think of them as an
                               * authority for. */
     log_debug(LD_DIR, "Trusted %d dirserver at %s:%d (%s)", (int)type,
               address, (int)dir_port, (char*)smartlist_get(items,0));
-    if (!add_trusted_dir_server(nickname, address, dir_port, or_port,
-                                digest, v3_digest, type))
+    if (!(ds = trusted_dir_server_new(nickname, address, dir_port, or_port,
+                                      digest, v3_digest, type, weight)))
       goto err;
+    dir_server_add(ds);
   }
 
   r = 0;
@@ -5569,6 +4693,110 @@ parse_dir_server_line(const char *line, dirinfo_type_t required_type,
   return r;
 }
 
+/** Read the contents of a FallbackDir line from <b>line</b>. If
+ * <b>validate_only</b> is 0, and the line is well-formed, then add the
+ * dirserver described in the line as a fallback directory. Return 0 on
+ * success, or -1 if the line isn't well-formed or if we can't add it. */
+static int
+parse_dir_fallback_line(const char *line,
+                        int validate_only)
+{
+  int r = -1;
+  smartlist_t *items = smartlist_new(), *positional = smartlist_new();
+  int orport = -1;
+  uint16_t dirport;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  int ok;
+  char id[DIGEST_LEN];
+  char *address=NULL;
+  double weight=1.0;
+
+  memset(id, 0, sizeof(id));
+  smartlist_split_string(items, line, NULL,
+                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(items, const char *, cp) {
+    const char *eq = strchr(cp, '=');
+    ok = 1;
+    if (! eq) {
+      smartlist_add(positional, (char*)cp);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!strcmpstart(cp, "orport=")) {
+      orport = (int)tor_parse_long(cp+strlen("orport="), 10,
+                                   1, 65535, &ok, NULL);
+    } else if (!strcmpstart(cp, "id=")) {
+      ok = !base16_decode(id, DIGEST_LEN,
+                          cp+strlen("id="), strlen(cp)-strlen("id="));
+    } else if (!strcmpstart(cp, "weight=")) {
+      int ok;
+      const char *wstring = cp + strlen("weight=");
+      weight = tor_parse_double(wstring, 0, UINT64_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+      if (!ok) {
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Invalid weight '%s' on FallbackDir line.", cp);
+        weight=1.0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!ok) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Bad FallbackDir option %s", escaped(cp));
+      goto end;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(cp);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(positional) != 1) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Couldn't parse FallbackDir line %s", escaped(line));
+    goto end;
+  }
+
+  if (tor_digest_is_zero(id)) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Missing identity on FallbackDir line");
+    goto end;
+  }
+
+  if (orport <= 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Missing orport on FallbackDir line");
+    goto end;
+  }
+
+  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_INFO, smartlist_get(positional, 0),
+                          &address, &dirport) < 0 ||
+      tor_addr_parse(&addr, address)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Couldn't parse address:port %s on FallbackDir line",
+             (const char*)smartlist_get(positional, 0));
+    goto end;
+  }
+
+  if (!validate_only) {
+    dir_server_t *ds;
+    ds = fallback_dir_server_new(&addr, dirport, orport, id, weight);
+    if (!ds) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Couldn't create FallbackDir %s", escaped(line));
+      goto end;
+    }
+    dir_server_add(ds);
+  }
+
+  r = 0;
+
+ end:
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(items);
+  smartlist_free(positional);
+  tor_free(address);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Allocate and return a new port_cfg_t with reasonable defaults. */
+static port_cfg_t *
+port_cfg_new(void)
+{
+  port_cfg_t *cfg = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+  cfg->ipv4_traffic = 1;
+  cfg->cache_ipv4_answers = 1;
+  cfg->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr = 1;
+  return cfg;
+}
+
 /** Free all storage held in <b>port</b> */
 static void
 port_cfg_free(port_cfg_t *port)
@@ -5576,24 +4804,29 @@ port_cfg_free(port_cfg_t *port)
   tor_free(port);
 }
 
-/** Warn for every port in <b>ports</b> that is on a publicly routable
- * address. */
+/** Warn for every port in <b>ports</b> of type <b>listener_type</b> that is
+ * on a publicly routable address. */
 static void
-warn_nonlocal_client_ports(const smartlist_t *ports, const char *portname)
+warn_nonlocal_client_ports(const smartlist_t *ports, const char *portname,
+                           int listener_type)
 {
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(ports, const port_cfg_t *, port) {
+    if (port->type != listener_type)
+      continue;
     if (port->is_unix_addr) {
       /* Unix sockets aren't accessible over a network. */
     } else if (!tor_addr_is_internal(&port->addr, 1)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "You specified a public address for %sPort. "
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "You specified a public address '%s' for %sPort. "
                "Other people on the Internet might find your computer and "
                "use it as an open proxy. Please don't allow this unless you "
-               "have a good reason.", portname);
+               "have a good reason.",
+               fmt_addrport(&port->addr, port->port), portname);
     } else if (!tor_addr_is_loopback(&port->addr)) {
-      log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "You configured a non-loopback address for "
-                 "%sPort. This allows everybody on your local network to use "
-                 "your machine as a proxy. Make sure this is what you wanted.",
-                 portname);
+      log_notice(LD_CONFIG, "You configured a non-loopback address '%s' "
+                 "for %sPort. This allows everybody on your local network to "
+                 "use your machine as a proxy. Make sure this is what you "
+                 "wanted.",
+                 fmt_addrport(&port->addr, port->port), portname);
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port);
 }
@@ -5645,6 +4878,7 @@ warn_nonlocal_controller_ports(smartlist_t *ports, unsigned forbid)
 #define CL_PORT_ALLOW_EXTRA_LISTENADDR (1u<<2)
 #define CL_PORT_SERVER_OPTIONS (1u<<3)
 #define CL_PORT_FORBID_NONLOCAL (1u<<4)
+#define CL_PORT_TAKES_HOSTNAMES (1u<<5)
 
 /**
  * Parse port configuration for a single port type.
@@ -5677,6 +4911,9 @@ warn_nonlocal_controller_ports(smartlist_t *ports, unsigned forbid)
  * isolation options in the FooPort entries; instead allow the
  * server-port option set.
  *
+ * If CL_PORT_TAKES_HOSTNAMES is set in <b>flags</b>, allow the options
+ * {No,}IPv{4,6}Traffic.
+ *
  * On success, if <b>out</b> is given, add a new port_cfg_t entry to
  * <b>out</b> for every port that the client should listen on.  Return 0
  * on success, -1 on failure.
@@ -5700,6 +4937,7 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
   const unsigned forbid_nonlocal = flags & CL_PORT_FORBID_NONLOCAL;
   const unsigned allow_spurious_listenaddr =
     flags & CL_PORT_ALLOW_EXTRA_LISTENADDR;
+  const unsigned takes_hostnames = flags & CL_PORT_TAKES_HOSTNAMES;
   int got_zero_port=0, got_nonzero_port=0;
 
   /* FooListenAddress is deprecated; let's make it work like it used to work,
@@ -5736,12 +4974,14 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
 
     if (use_server_options && out) {
       /* Add a no_listen port. */
-      port_cfg_t *cfg = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+      port_cfg_t *cfg = port_cfg_new();
       cfg->type = listener_type;
       cfg->port = mainport;
       tor_addr_make_unspec(&cfg->addr); /* Server ports default to 0.0.0.0 */
       cfg->no_listen = 1;
-      cfg->ipv4_only = 1;
+      cfg->bind_ipv4_only = 1;
+      cfg->ipv4_traffic = 1;
+      cfg->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr = 1;
       smartlist_add(out, cfg);
     }
 
@@ -5754,7 +4994,7 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
         return -1;
       }
       if (out) {
-        port_cfg_t *cfg = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+        port_cfg_t *cfg = port_cfg_new();
         cfg->type = listener_type;
         cfg->port = port ? port : mainport;
         tor_addr_copy(&cfg->addr, &addr);
@@ -5769,7 +5009,7 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
       if (is_control)
         warn_nonlocal_controller_ports(out, forbid_nonlocal);
       else
-        warn_nonlocal_client_ports(out, portname);
+        warn_nonlocal_client_ports(out, portname, listener_type);
     }
     return 0;
   } /* end if (listenaddrs) */
@@ -5778,7 +5018,7 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
    * one. */
   if (! ports) {
     if (defaultport && out) {
-       port_cfg_t *cfg = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+       port_cfg_t *cfg = port_cfg_new();
        cfg->type = listener_type;
        cfg->port = defaultport;
        tor_addr_parse(&cfg->addr, defaultaddr);
@@ -5798,12 +5038,17 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
     int port;
     int sessiongroup = SESSION_GROUP_UNSET;
     unsigned isolation = ISO_DEFAULT;
+    int prefer_no_auth = 0;
 
     char *addrport;
     uint16_t ptmp=0;
     int ok;
     int no_listen = 0, no_advertise = 0, all_addrs = 0,
-      ipv4_only = 0, ipv6_only = 0;
+      bind_ipv4_only = 0, bind_ipv6_only = 0,
+      ipv4_traffic = 1, ipv6_traffic = 0, prefer_ipv6 = 0,
+      cache_ipv4 = 1, use_cached_ipv4 = 0,
+      cache_ipv6 = 0, use_cached_ipv6 = 0,
+      prefer_ipv6_automap = 1;
 
     smartlist_split_string(elts, ports->value, NULL,
                            SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
@@ -5868,9 +5113,9 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
           all_addrs = 1;
 #endif
         } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "IPv4Only")) {
-          ipv4_only = 1;
+          bind_ipv4_only = 1;
         } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "IPv6Only")) {
-          ipv6_only = 1;
+          bind_ipv6_only = 1;
         } else {
           log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unrecognized %sPort option '%s'",
                    portname, escaped(elt));
@@ -5883,18 +5128,18 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
                  portname, escaped(ports->value));
         goto err;
       }
-      if (ipv4_only && ipv6_only) {
+      if (bind_ipv4_only && bind_ipv6_only) {
         log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Tried to set both IPv4Only and IPv6Only "
                  "on %sPort line '%s'",
                  portname, escaped(ports->value));
         goto err;
       }
-      if (ipv4_only && tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6) {
+      if (bind_ipv4_only && tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6) {
         log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not interpret %sPort address as IPv6",
                  portname);
         goto err;
       }
-      if (ipv6_only && tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET) {
+      if (bind_ipv6_only && tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET) {
         log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not interpret %sPort address as IPv4",
                  portname);
         goto err;
@@ -5927,6 +5172,45 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
           no = 1;
           elt += 2;
         }
+
+        if (takes_hostnames) {
+          if (!strcasecmp(elt, "IPv4Traffic")) {
+            ipv4_traffic = ! no;
+            continue;
+          } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "IPv6Traffic")) {
+            ipv6_traffic = ! no;
+            continue;
+          } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "PreferIPv6")) {
+            prefer_ipv6 = ! no;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!strcasecmp(elt, "CacheIPv4DNS")) {
+          cache_ipv4 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "CacheIPv6DNS")) {
+          cache_ipv6 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "CacheDNS")) {
+          cache_ipv4 = cache_ipv6 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "UseIPv4Cache")) {
+          use_cached_ipv4 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "UseIPv6Cache")) {
+          use_cached_ipv6 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "UseDNSCache")) {
+          use_cached_ipv4 = use_cached_ipv6 = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "PreferIPv6Automap")) {
+          prefer_ipv6_automap = ! no;
+          continue;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(elt, "PreferSOCKSNoAuth")) {
+          prefer_no_auth = ! no;
+          continue;
+        }
+
         if (!strcasecmpend(elt, "s"))
           elt[strlen(elt)-1] = '\0'; /* kill plurals. */
 
@@ -5958,8 +5242,14 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
     else
       got_zero_port = 1;
 
+    if (ipv4_traffic == 0 && ipv6_traffic == 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "You have a %sPort entry with both IPv4 and "
+               "IPv6 disabled; that won't work.", portname);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
     if (out && port) {
-      port_cfg_t *cfg = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+      port_cfg_t *cfg = port_cfg_new();
       tor_addr_copy(&cfg->addr, &addr);
       cfg->port = port;
       cfg->type = listener_type;
@@ -5968,8 +5258,19 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
       cfg->no_advertise = no_advertise;
       cfg->no_listen = no_listen;
       cfg->all_addrs = all_addrs;
-      cfg->ipv4_only = ipv4_only;
-      cfg->ipv6_only = ipv6_only;
+      cfg->bind_ipv4_only = bind_ipv4_only;
+      cfg->bind_ipv6_only = bind_ipv6_only;
+      cfg->ipv4_traffic = ipv4_traffic;
+      cfg->ipv6_traffic = ipv6_traffic;
+      cfg->prefer_ipv6 = prefer_ipv6;
+      cfg->cache_ipv4_answers = cache_ipv4;
+      cfg->cache_ipv6_answers = cache_ipv6;
+      cfg->use_cached_ipv4_answers = use_cached_ipv4;
+      cfg->use_cached_ipv6_answers = use_cached_ipv6;
+      cfg->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr = prefer_ipv6_automap;
+      cfg->socks_prefer_no_auth = prefer_no_auth;
+      if (! (isolation & ISO_SOCKSAUTH))
+        cfg->socks_prefer_no_auth = 1;
 
       smartlist_add(out, cfg);
     }
@@ -5981,7 +5282,7 @@ parse_port_config(smartlist_t *out,
     if (is_control)
       warn_nonlocal_controller_ports(out, forbid_nonlocal);
     else
-      warn_nonlocal_client_ports(out, portname);
+      warn_nonlocal_client_ports(out, portname, listener_type);
   }
 
   if (got_zero_port && got_nonzero_port) {
@@ -6062,7 +5363,8 @@ parse_ports(or_options_t *options, int validate_only,
              options->SocksPort_lines, options->SocksListenAddress,
              "Socks", CONN_TYPE_AP_LISTENER,
              "127.0.0.1", 9050,
-             CL_PORT_WARN_NONLOCAL|CL_PORT_ALLOW_EXTRA_LISTENADDR) < 0) {
+             CL_PORT_WARN_NONLOCAL|CL_PORT_ALLOW_EXTRA_LISTENADDR|
+             CL_PORT_TAKES_HOSTNAMES) < 0) {
     *msg = tor_strdup("Invalid SocksPort/SocksListenAddress configuration");
     goto err;
   }
@@ -6070,7 +5372,7 @@ parse_ports(or_options_t *options, int validate_only,
                         options->DNSPort_lines, options->DNSListenAddress,
                         "DNS", CONN_TYPE_AP_DNS_LISTENER,
                         "127.0.0.1", 0,
-                        CL_PORT_WARN_NONLOCAL) < 0) {
+                        CL_PORT_WARN_NONLOCAL|CL_PORT_TAKES_HOSTNAMES) < 0) {
     *msg = tor_strdup("Invalid DNSPort/DNSListenAddress configuration");
     goto err;
   }
@@ -6202,7 +5504,8 @@ check_server_ports(const smartlist_t *ports,
       if (! port->no_advertise) {
         ++n_orport_advertised;
         if (tor_addr_family(&port->addr) == AF_INET ||
-            (tor_addr_family(&port->addr) == AF_UNSPEC && !port->ipv6_only))
+            (tor_addr_family(&port->addr) == AF_UNSPEC &&
+                !port->bind_ipv6_only))
           ++n_orport_advertised_ipv4;
       }
       if (! port->no_listen)
@@ -6211,7 +5514,7 @@ check_server_ports(const smartlist_t *ports,
       continue;
     }
 #ifndef _WIN32
-    if (!port->no_advertise && port->port < 1024)
+    if (!port->no_listen && port->port < 1024)
       ++n_low_port;
 #endif
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port);
@@ -6221,6 +5524,13 @@ check_server_ports(const smartlist_t *ports,
              "listening on one.");
     r = -1;
   }
+  if (n_orport_listeners && !n_orport_advertised) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "We are listening on an ORPort, but not advertising "
+             "any ORPorts. This will keep us from building a %s "
+             "descriptor, and make us impossible to use.",
+             options->BridgeRelay ? "bridge" : "router");
+    r = -1;
+  }
   if (n_dirport_advertised && !n_dirport_listeners) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "We are advertising a DirPort, but not actually "
              "listening on one.");
@@ -6238,7 +5548,7 @@ check_server_ports(const smartlist_t *ports,
   }
 
   if (n_low_port && options->AccountingMax) {
-    log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG,
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
           "You have set AccountingMax to use hibernation. You have also "
           "chosen a low DirPort or OrPort. This combination can make Tor stop "
           "working when it tries to re-attach the port after a period of "
@@ -6302,7 +5612,8 @@ get_first_listener_addrport_string(int listener_type)
          to iterate all listener connections and find out in which
          port it ended up listening: */
       if (cfg->port == CFG_AUTO_PORT) {
-        port = router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(listener_type);
+        port = router_get_active_listener_port_by_type_af(listener_type,
+                                                  tor_addr_family(&cfg->addr));
         if (!port)
           return NULL;
       } else {
@@ -6332,8 +5643,8 @@ get_first_advertised_port_by_type_af(int listener_type, int address_family)
         (tor_addr_family(&cfg->addr) == address_family ||
          tor_addr_family(&cfg->addr) == AF_UNSPEC)) {
       if (tor_addr_family(&cfg->addr) != AF_UNSPEC ||
-          (address_family == AF_INET && !cfg->ipv6_only) ||
-          (address_family == AF_INET6 && !cfg->ipv4_only)) {
+          (address_family == AF_INET && !cfg->bind_ipv6_only) ||
+          (address_family == AF_INET6 && !cfg->bind_ipv4_only)) {
         return cfg->port;
       }
     }
@@ -6494,180 +5805,6 @@ options_save_current(void)
   return write_configuration_file(get_torrc_fname(0), get_options());
 }
 
-/** Mapping from a unit name to a multiplier for converting that unit into a
- * base unit.  Used by config_parse_unit. */
-struct unit_table_t {
-  const char *unit; /**< The name of the unit */
-  uint64_t multiplier; /**< How many of the base unit appear in this unit */
-};
-
-/** Table to map the names of memory units to the number of bytes they
- * contain. */
-static struct unit_table_t memory_units[] = {
-  { "",          1 },
-  { "b",         1<< 0 },
-  { "byte",      1<< 0 },
-  { "bytes",     1<< 0 },
-  { "kb",        1<<10 },
-  { "kbyte",     1<<10 },
-  { "kbytes",    1<<10 },
-  { "kilobyte",  1<<10 },
-  { "kilobytes", 1<<10 },
-  { "m",         1<<20 },
-  { "mb",        1<<20 },
-  { "mbyte",     1<<20 },
-  { "mbytes",    1<<20 },
-  { "megabyte",  1<<20 },
-  { "megabytes", 1<<20 },
-  { "gb",        1<<30 },
-  { "gbyte",     1<<30 },
-  { "gbytes",    1<<30 },
-  { "gigabyte",  1<<30 },
-  { "gigabytes", 1<<30 },
-  { "tb",        U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
-  { "terabyte",  U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
-  { "terabytes", U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
-  { NULL, 0 },
-};
-
-/** Table to map the names of time units to the number of seconds they
- * contain. */
-static struct unit_table_t time_units[] = {
-  { "",         1 },
-  { "second",   1 },
-  { "seconds",  1 },
-  { "minute",   60 },
-  { "minutes",  60 },
-  { "hour",     60*60 },
-  { "hours",    60*60 },
-  { "day",      24*60*60 },
-  { "days",     24*60*60 },
-  { "week",     7*24*60*60 },
-  { "weeks",    7*24*60*60 },
-  { NULL, 0 },
-};
-
-/** Table to map the names of time units to the number of milliseconds
- * they contain. */
-static struct unit_table_t time_msec_units[] = {
-  { "",         1 },
-  { "msec",     1 },
-  { "millisecond", 1 },
-  { "milliseconds", 1 },
-  { "second",   1000 },
-  { "seconds",  1000 },
-  { "minute",   60*1000 },
-  { "minutes",  60*1000 },
-  { "hour",     60*60*1000 },
-  { "hours",    60*60*1000 },
-  { "day",      24*60*60*1000 },
-  { "days",     24*60*60*1000 },
-  { "week",     7*24*60*60*1000 },
-  { "weeks",    7*24*60*60*1000 },
-  { NULL, 0 },
-};
-
-/** Parse a string <b>val</b> containing a number, zero or more
- * spaces, and an optional unit string.  If the unit appears in the
- * table <b>u</b>, then multiply the number by the unit multiplier.
- * On success, set *<b>ok</b> to 1 and return this product.
- * Otherwise, set *<b>ok</b> to 0.
- */
-static uint64_t
-config_parse_units(const char *val, struct unit_table_t *u, int *ok)
-{
-  uint64_t v = 0;
-  double d = 0;
-  int use_float = 0;
-  char *cp;
-
-  tor_assert(ok);
-
-  v = tor_parse_uint64(val, 10, 0, UINT64_MAX, ok, &cp);
-  if (!*ok || (cp && *cp == '.')) {
-    d = tor_parse_double(val, 0, UINT64_MAX, ok, &cp);
-    if (!*ok)
-      goto done;
-    use_float = 1;
-  }
-
-  if (!cp) {
-    *ok = 1;
-    v = use_float ? DBL_TO_U64(d) :  v;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  cp = (char*) eat_whitespace(cp);
-
-  for ( ;u->unit;++u) {
-    if (!strcasecmp(u->unit, cp)) {
-      if (use_float)
-        v = u->multiplier * d;
-      else
-        v *= u->multiplier;
-      *ok = 1;
-      goto done;
-    }
-  }
-  log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unknown unit '%s'.", cp);
-  *ok = 0;
- done:
-
-  if (*ok)
-    return v;
-  else
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of
- * information (byte, KB, M, etc).  On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true
- * and return the number of bytes specified.  Otherwise, set
- * *<b>ok</b> to false and return 0. */
-static uint64_t
-config_parse_memunit(const char *s, int *ok)
-{
-  uint64_t u = config_parse_units(s, memory_units, ok);
-  return u;
-}
-
-/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of
- * time in milliseconds.  On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true and return
- * the number of milliseconds in the provided interval.  Otherwise, set
- * *<b>ok</b> to 0 and return -1. */
-static int
-config_parse_msec_interval(const char *s, int *ok)
-{
-  uint64_t r;
-  r = config_parse_units(s, time_msec_units, ok);
-  if (!ok)
-    return -1;
-  if (r > INT_MAX) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Msec interval '%s' is too long", s);
-    *ok = 0;
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return (int)r;
-}
-
-/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of time.
- * On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true and return the number of seconds in
- * the provided interval.  Otherwise, set *<b>ok</b> to 0 and return -1.
- */
-static int
-config_parse_interval(const char *s, int *ok)
-{
-  uint64_t r;
-  r = config_parse_units(s, time_units, ok);
-  if (!ok)
-    return -1;
-  if (r > INT_MAX) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Interval '%s' is too long", s);
-    *ok = 0;
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return (int)r;
-}
-
 /** Return the number of cpus configured in <b>options</b>.  If we are
  * told to auto-detect the number of cpus, return the auto-detected number. */
 int
@@ -6721,14 +5858,6 @@ init_libevent(const or_options_t *options)
   }
 }
 
-/** Return the persistent state struct for this Tor. */
-or_state_t *
-get_or_state(void)
-{
-  tor_assert(global_state);
-  return global_state;
-}
-
 /** Return a newly allocated string holding a filename relative to the data
  * directory.  If <b>sub1</b> is present, it is the first path component after
  * the data directory.  If <b>sub2</b> is also present, it is the second path
@@ -6779,474 +5908,6 @@ options_get_datadir_fname2_suffix(const or_options_t *options,
   return fname;
 }
 
-/** Return true if <b>line</b> is a valid state TransportProxy line.
- *  Return false otherwise. */
-static int
-state_transport_line_is_valid(const char *line)
-{
-  smartlist_t *items = NULL;
-  char *addrport=NULL;
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-  uint16_t port = 0;
-  int r;
-
-  items = smartlist_new();
-  smartlist_split_string(items, line, NULL,
-                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
-
-  if (smartlist_len(items) != 2) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Not enough arguments in TransportProxy line.");
-    goto err;
-  }
-
-  addrport = smartlist_get(items, 1);
-  if (tor_addr_port_lookup(addrport, &addr, &port) < 0) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Could not parse addrport.");
-    goto err;
-  }
-
-  if (!port) {
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Transport line did not contain port.");
-    goto err;
-  }
-
-  r = 1;
-  goto done;
-
- err:
-  r = 0;
-
- done:
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
-  smartlist_free(items);
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Return 0 if all TransportProxy lines in <b>state</b> are well
- *  formed. Otherwise, return -1. */
-static int
-validate_transports_in_state(or_state_t *state)
-{
-  int broken = 0;
-  config_line_t *line;
-
-  for (line = state->TransportProxies ; line ; line = line->next) {
-    tor_assert(!strcmp(line->key, "TransportProxy"));
-    if (!state_transport_line_is_valid(line->value))
-      broken = 1;
-  }
-
-  if (broken)
-    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: State file seems to be broken.");
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return 0 if every setting in <b>state</b> is reasonable, and a
- * permissible transition from <b>old_state</b>.  Else warn and return -1.
- * Should have no side effects, except for normalizing the contents of
- * <b>state</b>.
- */
-/* XXX from_setconf is here because of bug 238 */
-static int
-or_state_validate(or_state_t *old_state, or_state_t *state,
-                  int from_setconf, char **msg)
-{
-  /* We don't use these; only options do. Still, we need to match that
-   * signature. */
-  (void) from_setconf;
-  (void) old_state;
-
-  if (entry_guards_parse_state(state, 0, msg)<0)
-    return -1;
-
-  if (validate_transports_in_state(state)<0)
-    return -1;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Replace the current persistent state with <b>new_state</b> */
-static int
-or_state_set(or_state_t *new_state)
-{
-  char *err = NULL;
-  int ret = 0;
-  tor_assert(new_state);
-  config_free(&state_format, global_state);
-  global_state = new_state;
-  if (entry_guards_parse_state(global_state, 1, &err)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"%s",err);
-    tor_free(err);
-    ret = -1;
-  }
-  if (rep_hist_load_state(global_state, &err)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Unparseable bandwidth history state: %s",err);
-    tor_free(err);
-    ret = -1;
-  }
-  if (circuit_build_times_parse_state(&circ_times, global_state) < 0) {
-    ret = -1;
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/**
- * Save a broken state file to a backup location.
- */
-static void
-or_state_save_broken(char *fname)
-{
-  int i;
-  file_status_t status;
-  char *fname2 = NULL;
-  for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
-    tor_asprintf(&fname2, "%s.%d", fname, i);
-    status = file_status(fname2);
-    if (status == FN_NOENT)
-      break;
-    tor_free(fname2);
-  }
-  if (i == 100) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to parse state in \"%s\"; too many saved bad "
-             "state files to move aside. Discarding the old state file.",
-             fname);
-    unlink(fname);
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to parse state in \"%s\". Moving it aside "
-             "to \"%s\".  This could be a bug in Tor; please tell "
-             "the developers.", fname, fname2);
-    if (rename(fname, fname2) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Weirdly, I couldn't even move the state aside. The "
-               "OS gave an error of %s", strerror(errno));
-    }
-  }
-  tor_free(fname2);
-}
-
-/** Reload the persistent state from disk, generating a new state as needed.
- * Return 0 on success, less than 0 on failure.
- */
-static int
-or_state_load(void)
-{
-  or_state_t *new_state = NULL;
-  char *contents = NULL, *fname;
-  char *errmsg = NULL;
-  int r = -1, badstate = 0;
-
-  fname = get_datadir_fname("state");
-  switch (file_status(fname)) {
-    case FN_FILE:
-      if (!(contents = read_file_to_str(fname, 0, NULL))) {
-        log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to read state file \"%s\"", fname);
-        goto done;
-      }
-      break;
-    case FN_NOENT:
-      break;
-    case FN_ERROR:
-    case FN_DIR:
-    default:
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"State file \"%s\" is not a file? Failing.", fname);
-      goto done;
-  }
-  new_state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_state_t));
-  new_state->_magic = OR_STATE_MAGIC;
-  config_init(&state_format, new_state);
-  if (contents) {
-    config_line_t *lines=NULL;
-    int assign_retval;
-    if (config_get_lines(contents, &lines, 0)<0)
-      goto done;
-    assign_retval = config_assign(&state_format, new_state,
-                                  lines, 0, 0, &errmsg);
-    config_free_lines(lines);
-    if (assign_retval<0)
-      badstate = 1;
-    if (errmsg) {
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "%s", errmsg);
-      tor_free(errmsg);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!badstate && or_state_validate(NULL, new_state, 1, &errmsg) < 0)
-    badstate = 1;
-
-  if (errmsg) {
-    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "%s", errmsg);
-    tor_free(errmsg);
-  }
-
-  if (badstate && !contents) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Uh oh.  We couldn't even validate our own default state."
-             " This is a bug in Tor.");
-    goto done;
-  } else if (badstate && contents) {
-    or_state_save_broken(fname);
-
-    tor_free(contents);
-    config_free(&state_format, new_state);
-
-    new_state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_state_t));
-    new_state->_magic = OR_STATE_MAGIC;
-    config_init(&state_format, new_state);
-  } else if (contents) {
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Loaded state from \"%s\"", fname);
-  } else {
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Initialized state");
-  }
-  if (or_state_set(new_state) == -1) {
-    or_state_save_broken(fname);
-  }
-  new_state = NULL;
-  if (!contents) {
-    global_state->next_write = 0;
-    or_state_save(time(NULL));
-  }
-  r = 0;
-
- done:
-  tor_free(fname);
-  tor_free(contents);
-  if (new_state)
-    config_free(&state_format, new_state);
-
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Did the last time we tried to write the state file fail? If so, we
- * should consider disabling such features as preemptive circuit generation
- * to compute circuit-build-time. */
-static int last_state_file_write_failed = 0;
-
-/** Return whether the state file failed to write last time we tried. */
-int
-did_last_state_file_write_fail(void)
-{
-  return last_state_file_write_failed;
-}
-
-/** If writing the state to disk fails, try again after this many seconds. */
-#define STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL 3600
-
-/** If we're a relay, how often should we checkpoint our state file even
- * if nothing else dirties it? This will checkpoint ongoing stats like
- * bandwidth used, per-country user stats, etc. */
-#define STATE_RELAY_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL (12*60*60)
-
-/** Write the persistent state to disk. Return 0 for success, <0 on failure. */
-int
-or_state_save(time_t now)
-{
-  char *state, *contents;
-  char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-  char *fname;
-
-  tor_assert(global_state);
-
-  if (global_state->next_write > now)
-    return 0;
-
-  /* Call everything else that might dirty the state even more, in order
-   * to avoid redundant writes. */
-  entry_guards_update_state(global_state);
-  rep_hist_update_state(global_state);
-  circuit_build_times_update_state(&circ_times, global_state);
-  if (accounting_is_enabled(get_options()))
-    accounting_run_housekeeping(now);
-
-  global_state->LastWritten = now;
-
-  tor_free(global_state->TorVersion);
-  tor_asprintf(&global_state->TorVersion, "Tor %s", get_version());
-
-  state = config_dump(&state_format, NULL, global_state, 1, 0);
-  format_local_iso_time(tbuf, now);
-  tor_asprintf(&contents,
-               "# Tor state file last generated on %s local time\n"
-               "# Other times below are in GMT\n"
-               "# You *do not* need to edit this file.\n\n%s",
-               tbuf, state);
-  tor_free(state);
-  fname = get_datadir_fname("state");
-  if (write_str_to_file(fname, contents, 0)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to write state to file \"%s\"; "
-             "will try again later", fname);
-    last_state_file_write_failed = 1;
-    tor_free(fname);
-    tor_free(contents);
-    /* Try again after STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL (or sooner, if the state
-     * changes sooner). */
-    global_state->next_write = now + STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL;
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  last_state_file_write_failed = 0;
-  log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Saved state to \"%s\"", fname);
-  tor_free(fname);
-  tor_free(contents);
-
-  if (server_mode(get_options()))
-    global_state->next_write = now + STATE_RELAY_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL;
-  else
-    global_state->next_write = TIME_MAX;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return the config line for transport <b>transport</b> in the current state.
- *  Return NULL if there is no config line for <b>transport</b>. */
-static config_line_t *
-get_transport_in_state_by_name(const char *transport)
-{
-  or_state_t *or_state = get_or_state();
-  config_line_t *line;
-  config_line_t *ret = NULL;
-  smartlist_t *items = NULL;
-
-  for (line = or_state->TransportProxies ; line ; line = line->next) {
-    tor_assert(!strcmp(line->key, "TransportProxy"));
-
-    items = smartlist_new();
-    smartlist_split_string(items, line->value, NULL,
-                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
-    if (smartlist_len(items) != 2) /* broken state */
-      goto done;
-
-    if (!strcmp(smartlist_get(items, 0), transport)) {
-      ret = line;
-      goto done;
-    }
-
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
-    smartlist_free(items);
-    items = NULL;
-  }
-
- done:
-  if (items) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
-    smartlist_free(items);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-/** Return string containing the address:port part of the
- *  TransportProxy <b>line</b> for transport <b>transport</b>.
- *  If the line is corrupted, return NULL. */
-static const char *
-get_transport_bindaddr(const char *line, const char *transport)
-{
-  char *line_tmp = NULL;
-
-  if (strlen(line) < strlen(transport) + 2) {
-    goto broken_state;
-  } else {
-    /* line should start with the name of the transport and a space.
-       (for example, "obfs2 127.0.0.1:47245") */
-    tor_asprintf(&line_tmp, "%s ", transport);
-    if (strcmpstart(line, line_tmp))
-      goto broken_state;
-
-    tor_free(line_tmp);
-    return (line+strlen(transport)+1);
-  }
-
- broken_state:
-  tor_free(line_tmp);
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Return a string containing the address:port that a proxy transport
- *  should bind on. The string is stored on the heap and must be freed
- *  by the caller of this function. */
-char *
-get_stored_bindaddr_for_server_transport(const char *transport)
-{
-  char *default_addrport = NULL;
-  const char *stored_bindaddr = NULL;
-
-  config_line_t *line = get_transport_in_state_by_name(transport);
-  if (!line) /* Found no references in state for this transport. */
-    goto no_bindaddr_found;
-
-  stored_bindaddr = get_transport_bindaddr(line->value, transport);
-  if (stored_bindaddr) /* found stored bindaddr in state file. */
-    return tor_strdup(stored_bindaddr);
-
- no_bindaddr_found:
-  /** If we didn't find references for this pluggable transport in the
-      state file, we should instruct the pluggable transport proxy to
-      listen on INADDR_ANY on a random ephemeral port. */
-  tor_asprintf(&default_addrport, "%s:%s", fmt_addr32(INADDR_ANY), "0");
-  return default_addrport;
-}
-
-/** Save <b>transport</b> listening on <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> to
-    state */
-void
-save_transport_to_state(const char *transport,
-                        const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
-{
-  or_state_t *state = get_or_state();
-
-  char *transport_addrport=NULL;
-
-  /** find where to write on the state */
-  config_line_t **next, *line;
-
-  /* see if this transport is already stored in state */
-  config_line_t *transport_line =
-    get_transport_in_state_by_name(transport);
-
-  if (transport_line) { /* if transport already exists in state... */
-    const char *prev_bindaddr = /* get its addrport... */
-      get_transport_bindaddr(transport_line->value, transport);
-    tor_asprintf(&transport_addrport, "%s:%d", fmt_addr(addr), (int)port);
-
-    /* if transport in state has the same address as this one, life is good */
-    if (!strcmp(prev_bindaddr, transport_addrport)) {
-      log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Transport seems to have spawned on its usual "
-               "address:port.");
-      goto done;
-    } else { /* if addrport in state is different than the one we got */
-      log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Transport seems to have spawned on different "
-               "address:port. Let's update the state file with the new "
-               "address:port");
-      tor_free(transport_line->value); /* free the old line */
-      tor_asprintf(&transport_line->value, "%s %s:%d", transport,
-                   fmt_addr(addr),
-                   (int) port); /* replace old addrport line with new line */
-    }
-  } else { /* never seen this one before; save it in state for next time */
-    log_info(LD_CONFIG, "It's the first time we see this transport. "
-             "Let's save its address:port");
-    next = &state->TransportProxies;
-    /* find the last TransportProxy line in the state and point 'next'
-       right after it  */
-    line = state->TransportProxies;
-    while (line) {
-      next = &(line->next);
-      line = line->next;
-    }
-
-    /* allocate space for the new line and fill it in */
-    *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
-    line->key = tor_strdup("TransportProxy");
-    tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s:%d", transport,
-                 fmt_addr(addr), (int) port);
-
-    next = &(line->next);
-  }
-
-  if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
-    or_state_mark_dirty(state, 0);
-
- done:
-  tor_free(transport_addrport);
-}
-
 /** Given a file name check to see whether the file exists but has not been
  * modified for a very long time.  If so, remove it. */
 void
@@ -7264,6 +5925,43 @@ remove_file_if_very_old(const char *fname, time_t now)
   }
 }
 
+/** Return a smartlist of ports that must be forwarded by
+ *  tor-fw-helper. The smartlist contains the ports in a string format
+ *  that is understandable by tor-fw-helper. */
+smartlist_t *
+get_list_of_ports_to_forward(void)
+{
+  smartlist_t *ports_to_forward = smartlist_new();
+  int port = 0;
+
+  /** XXX TODO tor-fw-helper does not support forwarding ports to
+      other hosts than the local one. If the user is binding to a
+      different IP address, tor-fw-helper won't work.  */
+  port = router_get_advertised_or_port(get_options());  /* Get ORPort */
+  if (port)
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(ports_to_forward, "%d:%d", port, port);
+
+  port = router_get_advertised_dir_port(get_options(), 0); /* Get DirPort */
+  if (port)
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(ports_to_forward, "%d:%d", port, port);
+
+  /* Get ports of transport proxies */
+  {
+    smartlist_t *transport_ports = get_transport_proxy_ports();
+    if (transport_ports) {
+      smartlist_add_all(ports_to_forward, transport_ports);
+      smartlist_free(transport_ports);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!smartlist_len(ports_to_forward)) {
+    smartlist_free(ports_to_forward);
+    ports_to_forward = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return ports_to_forward;
+}
+
 /** Helper to implement GETINFO functions about configuration variables (not
  * their values).  Given a "config/names" question, set *<b>answer</b> to a
  * new string describing the supported configuration variables and their
@@ -7278,9 +5976,12 @@ getinfo_helper_config(control_connection_t *conn,
   if (!strcmp(question, "config/names")) {
     smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
     int i;
-    for (i = 0; _option_vars[i].name; ++i) {
-      const config_var_t *var = &_option_vars[i];
+    for (i = 0; option_vars_[i].name; ++i) {
+      const config_var_t *var = &option_vars_[i];
       const char *type;
+      /* don't tell controller about triple-underscore options */
+      if (!strncmp(option_vars_[i].name, "___", 3))
+        continue;
       switch (var->type) {
         case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING: type = "String"; break;
         case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME: type = "Filename"; break;
@@ -7310,7 +6011,120 @@ getinfo_helper_config(control_connection_t *conn,
     *answer = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c));
     smartlist_free(sl);
+  } else if (!strcmp(question, "config/defaults")) {
+    smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; option_vars_[i].name; ++i) {
+      const config_var_t *var = &option_vars_[i];
+      if (var->initvalue != NULL) {
+          char *val = esc_for_log(var->initvalue);
+          smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s %s\n",var->name,val);
+          tor_free(val);
+      }
+    }
+    *answer = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c));
+    smartlist_free(sl);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Parse outbound bind address option lines. If <b>validate_only</b>
+ * is not 0 update OutboundBindAddressIPv4_ and
+ * OutboundBindAddressIPv6_ in <b>options</b>. On failure, set
+ * <b>msg</b> (if provided) to a newly allocated string containing a
+ * description of the problem and return -1. */
+static int
+parse_outbound_addresses(or_options_t *options, int validate_only, char **msg)
+{
+  const config_line_t *lines = options->OutboundBindAddress;
+  int found_v4 = 0, found_v6 = 0;
+
+  if (!validate_only) {
+    memset(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_, 0,
+           sizeof(options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_));
+    memset(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv6_, 0,
+           sizeof(options->OutboundBindAddressIPv6_));
+  }
+  while (lines) {
+    tor_addr_t addr, *dst_addr = NULL;
+    int af = tor_addr_parse(&addr, lines->value);
+    switch (af) {
+    case AF_INET:
+      if (found_v4) {
+        if (msg)
+          tor_asprintf(msg, "Multiple IPv4 outbound bind addresses "
+                       "configured: %s", lines->value);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      found_v4 = 1;
+      dst_addr = &options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_;
+      break;
+    case AF_INET6:
+      if (found_v6) {
+        if (msg)
+          tor_asprintf(msg, "Multiple IPv6 outbound bind addresses "
+                       "configured: %s", lines->value);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      found_v6 = 1;
+      dst_addr = &options->OutboundBindAddressIPv6_;
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (msg)
+        tor_asprintf(msg, "Outbound bind address '%s' didn't parse.",
+                     lines->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (!validate_only)
+      tor_addr_copy(dst_addr, &addr);
+    lines = lines->next;
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Load one of the geoip files, <a>family</a> determining which
+ * one. <a>default_fname</a> is used if on Windows and
+ * <a>fname</a> equals "<default>". */
+static void
+config_load_geoip_file_(sa_family_t family,
+                        const char *fname,
+                        const char *default_fname)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  char *free_fname = NULL; /* Used to hold any temporary-allocated value */
+  /* XXXX Don't use this "<default>" junk; make our filename options
+   * understand prefixes somehow. -NM */
+  if (!strcmp(fname, "<default>")) {
+    const char *conf_root = get_windows_conf_root();
+    tor_asprintf(&free_fname, "%s\\%s", conf_root, default_fname);
+    fname = free_fname;
+  }
+  geoip_load_file(family, fname);
+  tor_free(free_fname);
+#else
+  (void)default_fname;
+  geoip_load_file(family, fname);
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Load geoip files for IPv4 and IPv6 if <a>options</a> and
+ * <a>old_options</a> indicate we should. */
+static void
+config_maybe_load_geoip_files_(const or_options_t *options,
+                               const or_options_t *old_options)
+{
+  /* XXXX024 Reload GeoIPFile on SIGHUP. -NM */
+
+  if (options->GeoIPFile &&
+      ((!old_options || !opt_streq(old_options->GeoIPFile,
+                                   options->GeoIPFile))
+       || !geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET)))
+    config_load_geoip_file_(AF_INET, options->GeoIPFile, "geoip");
+  if (options->GeoIPv6File &&
+      ((!old_options || !opt_streq(old_options->GeoIPv6File,
+                                   options->GeoIPv6File))
+       || !geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET6)))
+    config_load_geoip_file_(AF_INET6, options->GeoIPv6File, "geoip6");
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/config.h b/src/or/config.h
index dd76edcf1d..ef4acac514 100644
--- a/src/or/config.h
+++ b/src/or/config.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for config.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONFIG_H
-#define _TOR_CONFIG_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONFIG_H
+#define TOR_CONFIG_H
 
 const char *get_dirportfrontpage(void);
 const or_options_t *get_options(void);
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ const char *escaped_safe_str_client(const char *address);
 const char *escaped_safe_str(const char *address);
 const char *get_version(void);
 const char *get_short_version(void);
-
-int config_get_lines(const char *string, config_line_t **result, int extended);
-void config_free_lines(config_line_t *front);
 setopt_err_t options_trial_assign(config_line_t *list, int use_defaults,
                                   int clear_first, char **msg);
+
+uint32_t get_last_resolved_addr(void);
 int resolve_my_address(int warn_severity, const or_options_t *options,
-                       uint32_t *addr, char **hostname_out);
+                       uint32_t *addr_out,
+                       const char **method_out, char **hostname_out);
 int is_local_addr(const tor_addr_t *addr);
 void options_init(or_options_t *options);
 char *options_dump(const or_options_t *options, int minimal);
@@ -61,10 +61,6 @@ char *options_get_datadir_fname2_suffix(const or_options_t *options,
 
 int get_num_cpus(const or_options_t *options);
 
-or_state_t *get_or_state(void);
-int did_last_state_file_write_fail(void);
-int or_state_save(time_t now);
-
 const smartlist_t *get_configured_ports(void);
 int get_first_advertised_port_by_type_af(int listener_type,
                                          int address_family);
@@ -78,9 +74,7 @@ char *get_first_listener_addrport_string(int listener_type);
 int options_need_geoip_info(const or_options_t *options,
                             const char **reason_out);
 
-void save_transport_to_state(const char *transport_name,
-                             const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
-char *get_stored_bindaddr_for_server_transport(const char *transport);
+smartlist_t *get_list_of_ports_to_forward(void);
 
 int getinfo_helper_config(control_connection_t *conn,
                           const char *question, char **answer,
@@ -90,6 +84,8 @@ const char *tor_get_digests(void);
 uint32_t get_effective_bwrate(const or_options_t *options);
 uint32_t get_effective_bwburst(const or_options_t *options);
 
+char *get_transport_bindaddr_from_config(const char *transport);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRIVATE
 /* Used only by config.c and test.c */
 or_options_t *options_new(void);
diff --git a/src/or/confparse.c b/src/or/confparse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8863d92409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/confparse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+
+static uint64_t config_parse_memunit(const char *s, int *ok);
+static int config_parse_msec_interval(const char *s, int *ok);
+static int config_parse_interval(const char *s, int *ok);
+static void config_reset(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+                         const config_var_t *var, int use_defaults);
+
+/** Allocate an empty configuration object of a given format type. */
+void *
+config_new(const config_format_t *fmt)
+{
+  void *opts = tor_malloc_zero(fmt->size);
+  *(uint32_t*)STRUCT_VAR_P(opts, fmt->magic_offset) = fmt->magic;
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, opts);
+  return opts;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions to parse config options
+ */
+
+/** If <b>option</b> is an official abbreviation for a longer option,
+ * return the longer option.  Otherwise return <b>option</b>.
+ * If <b>command_line</b> is set, apply all abbreviations.  Otherwise, only
+ * apply abbreviations that work for the config file and the command line.
+ * If <b>warn_obsolete</b> is set, warn about deprecated names. */
+const char *
+config_expand_abbrev(const config_format_t *fmt, const char *option,
+                     int command_line, int warn_obsolete)
+{
+  int i;
+  if (! fmt->abbrevs)
+    return option;
+  for (i=0; fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated; ++i) {
+    /* Abbreviations are case insensitive. */
+    if (!strcasecmp(option,fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated) &&
+        (command_line || !fmt->abbrevs[i].commandline_only)) {
+      if (warn_obsolete && fmt->abbrevs[i].warn) {
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+                 "The configuration option '%s' is deprecated; "
+                 "use '%s' instead.",
+                 fmt->abbrevs[i].abbreviated,
+                 fmt->abbrevs[i].full);
+      }
+      /* Keep going through the list in case we want to rewrite it more.
+       * (We could imagine recursing here, but I don't want to get the
+       * user into an infinite loop if we craft our list wrong.) */
+      option = fmt->abbrevs[i].full;
+    }
+  }
+  return option;
+}
+
+/** Helper: allocate a new configuration option mapping 'key' to 'val',
+ * append it to *<b>lst</b>. */
+void
+config_line_append(config_line_t **lst,
+                   const char *key,
+                   const char *val)
+{
+  config_line_t *newline;
+
+  newline = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+  newline->key = tor_strdup(key);
+  newline->value = tor_strdup(val);
+  newline->next = NULL;
+  while (*lst)
+    lst = &((*lst)->next);
+
+  (*lst) = newline;
+}
+
+/** Helper: parse the config string and strdup into key/value
+ * strings. Set *result to the list, or NULL if parsing the string
+ * failed.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. Warn and ignore any
+ * misformatted lines.
+ *
+ * If <b>extended</b> is set, then treat keys beginning with / and with + as
+ * indicating "clear" and "append" respectively. */
+int
+config_get_lines(const char *string, config_line_t **result, int extended)
+{
+  config_line_t *list = NULL, **next;
+  char *k, *v;
+  const char *parse_err;
+
+  next = &list;
+  do {
+    k = v = NULL;
+    string = parse_config_line_from_str_verbose(string, &k, &v, &parse_err);
+    if (!string) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error while parsing configuration: %s",
+               parse_err?parse_err:"<unknown>");
+      config_free_lines(list);
+      tor_free(k);
+      tor_free(v);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (k && v) {
+      unsigned command = CONFIG_LINE_NORMAL;
+      if (extended) {
+        if (k[0] == '+') {
+          char *k_new = tor_strdup(k+1);
+          tor_free(k);
+          k = k_new;
+          command = CONFIG_LINE_APPEND;
+        } else if (k[0] == '/') {
+          char *k_new = tor_strdup(k+1);
+          tor_free(k);
+          k = k_new;
+          tor_free(v);
+          v = tor_strdup("");
+          command = CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR;
+        }
+      }
+      /* This list can get long, so we keep a pointer to the end of it
+       * rather than using config_line_append over and over and getting
+       * n^2 performance. */
+      *next = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+      (*next)->key = k;
+      (*next)->value = v;
+      (*next)->next = NULL;
+      (*next)->command = command;
+      next = &((*next)->next);
+    } else {
+      tor_free(k);
+      tor_free(v);
+    }
+  } while (*string);
+
+  *result = list;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free all the configuration lines on the linked list <b>front</b>.
+ */
+void
+config_free_lines(config_line_t *front)
+{
+  config_line_t *tmp;
+
+  while (front) {
+    tmp = front;
+    front = tmp->next;
+
+    tor_free(tmp->key);
+    tor_free(tmp->value);
+    tor_free(tmp);
+  }
+}
+
+/** As config_find_option, but return a non-const pointer. */
+config_var_t *
+config_find_option_mutable(config_format_t *fmt, const char *key)
+{
+  int i;
+  size_t keylen = strlen(key);
+  if (!keylen)
+    return NULL; /* if they say "--" on the command line, it's not an option */
+  /* First, check for an exact (case-insensitive) match */
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(key, fmt->vars[i].name)) {
+      return &fmt->vars[i];
+    }
+  }
+  /* If none, check for an abbreviated match */
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    if (!strncasecmp(key, fmt->vars[i].name, keylen)) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "The abbreviation '%s' is deprecated. "
+               "Please use '%s' instead",
+               key, fmt->vars[i].name);
+      return &fmt->vars[i];
+    }
+  }
+  /* Okay, unrecognized option */
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** If <b>key</b> is a configuration option, return the corresponding const
+ * config_var_t.  Otherwise, if <b>key</b> is a non-standard abbreviation,
+ * warn, and return the corresponding const config_var_t.  Otherwise return
+ * NULL.
+ */
+const config_var_t *
+config_find_option(const config_format_t *fmt, const char *key)
+{
+  return config_find_option_mutable((config_format_t*)fmt, key);
+}
+
+/** Return the number of option entries in <b>fmt</b>. */
+static int
+config_count_options(const config_format_t *fmt)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i)
+    ;
+  return i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Functions to assign config options.
+ */
+
+/** <b>c</b>-\>key is known to be a real key. Update <b>options</b>
+ * with <b>c</b>-\>value and return 0, or return -1 if bad value.
+ *
+ * Called from config_assign_line() and option_reset().
+ */
+static int
+config_assign_value(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+                    config_line_t *c, char **msg)
+{
+  int i, ok;
+  const config_var_t *var;
+  void *lvalue;
+
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  var = config_find_option(fmt, c->key);
+  tor_assert(var);
+
+  lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
+
+  switch (var->type) {
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
+    if (!strcasecmp(c->value, "auto")) {
+      *(int *)lvalue = CFG_AUTO_PORT;
+      break;
+    }
+    /* fall through */
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
+    i = (int)tor_parse_long(c->value, 10,
+                            var->type==CONFIG_TYPE_INT ? INT_MIN : 0,
+                            var->type==CONFIG_TYPE_PORT ? 65535 : INT_MAX,
+                            &ok, NULL);
+    if (!ok) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Int keyword '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
+          c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *(int *)lvalue = i;
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL: {
+    i = config_parse_interval(c->value, &ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Interval '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
+          c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *(int *)lvalue = i;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL: {
+    i = config_parse_msec_interval(c->value, &ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Msec interval '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
+          c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *(int *)lvalue = i;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT: {
+    uint64_t u64 = config_parse_memunit(c->value, &ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Value '%s %s' is malformed or out of bounds.",
+          c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *(uint64_t *)lvalue = u64;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
+    i = (int)tor_parse_long(c->value, 10, 0, 1, &ok, NULL);
+    if (!ok) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Boolean '%s %s' expects 0 or 1.",
+          c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *(int *)lvalue = i;
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
+    if (!strcmp(c->value, "auto"))
+      *(int *)lvalue = -1;
+    else if (!strcmp(c->value, "0"))
+      *(int *)lvalue = 0;
+    else if (!strcmp(c->value, "1"))
+      *(int *)lvalue = 1;
+    else {
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "Boolean '%s %s' expects 0, 1, or 'auto'.",
+                   c->key, c->value);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
+    tor_free(*(char **)lvalue);
+    *(char **)lvalue = tor_strdup(c->value);
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    *(double *)lvalue = atof(c->value);
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
+    if (parse_iso_time(c->value, (time_t *)lvalue)) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+          "Invalid time '%s' for keyword '%s'", c->value, c->key);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
+    if (*(routerset_t**)lvalue) {
+      routerset_free(*(routerset_t**)lvalue);
+    }
+    *(routerset_t**)lvalue = routerset_new();
+    if (routerset_parse(*(routerset_t**)lvalue, c->value, c->key)<0) {
+      tor_asprintf(msg, "Invalid exit list '%s' for option '%s'",
+                   c->value, c->key);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
+    if (*(smartlist_t**)lvalue) {
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+      smartlist_clear(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue);
+    } else {
+      *(smartlist_t**)lvalue = smartlist_new();
+    }
+
+    smartlist_split_string(*(smartlist_t**)lvalue, c->value, ",",
+                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
+    break;
+
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
+    {
+      config_line_t *lastval = *(config_line_t**)lvalue;
+      if (lastval && lastval->fragile) {
+        if (c->command != CONFIG_LINE_APPEND) {
+          config_free_lines(lastval);
+          *(config_line_t**)lvalue = NULL;
+        } else {
+          lastval->fragile = 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      config_line_append((config_line_t**)lvalue, c->key, c->value);
+    }
+    break;
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Skipping obsolete configuration option '%s'", c->key);
+    break;
+  case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
+    tor_asprintf(msg,
+        "You may not provide a value for virtual option '%s'", c->key);
+    return -1;
+  default:
+    tor_assert(0);
+    break;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Mark every linelist in <b>options</b> "fragile", so that fresh assignments
+ * to it will replace old ones. */
+static void
+config_mark_lists_fragile(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options)
+{
+  int i;
+  tor_assert(fmt);
+  tor_assert(options);
+
+  for (i = 0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    const config_var_t *var = &fmt->vars[i];
+    config_line_t *list;
+    if (var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST &&
+        var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V)
+      continue;
+
+    list = *(config_line_t **)STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
+    if (list)
+      list->fragile = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/** If <b>c</b> is a syntactically valid configuration line, update
+ * <b>options</b> with its value and return 0.  Otherwise return -1 for bad
+ * key, -2 for bad value.
+ *
+ * If <b>clear_first</b> is set, clear the value first. Then if
+ * <b>use_defaults</b> is set, set the value to the default.
+ *
+ * Called from config_assign().
+ */
+static int
+config_assign_line(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+                   config_line_t *c, int use_defaults,
+                   int clear_first, bitarray_t *options_seen, char **msg)
+{
+  const config_var_t *var;
+
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  var = config_find_option(fmt, c->key);
+  if (!var) {
+    if (fmt->extra) {
+      void *lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
+      log_info(LD_CONFIG,
+               "Found unrecognized option '%s'; saving it.", c->key);
+      config_line_append((config_line_t**)lvalue, c->key, c->value);
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      tor_asprintf(msg,
+                "Unknown option '%s'.  Failing.", c->key);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Put keyword into canonical case. */
+  if (strcmp(var->name, c->key)) {
+    tor_free(c->key);
+    c->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
+  }
+
+  if (!strlen(c->value)) {
+    /* reset or clear it, then return */
+    if (!clear_first) {
+      if ((var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST ||
+           var->type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S) &&
+          c->command != CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR) {
+        /* We got an empty linelist from the torrc or command line.
+           As a special case, call this an error. Warn and ignore. */
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+                 "Linelist option '%s' has no value. Skipping.", c->key);
+      } else { /* not already cleared */
+        config_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
+      }
+    }
+    return 0;
+  } else if (c->command == CONFIG_LINE_CLEAR && !clear_first) {
+    config_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
+  }
+
+  if (options_seen && (var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST &&
+                       var->type != CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)) {
+    /* We're tracking which options we've seen, and this option is not
+     * supposed to occur more than once. */
+    int var_index = (int)(var - fmt->vars);
+    if (bitarray_is_set(options_seen, var_index)) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Option '%s' used more than once; all but the last "
+               "value will be ignored.", var->name);
+    }
+    bitarray_set(options_seen, var_index);
+  }
+
+  if (config_assign_value(fmt, options, c, msg) < 0)
+    return -2;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Restore the option named <b>key</b> in options to its default value.
+ * Called from config_assign(). */
+static void
+config_reset_line(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+                  const char *key, int use_defaults)
+{
+  const config_var_t *var;
+
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  var = config_find_option(fmt, key);
+  if (!var)
+    return; /* give error on next pass. */
+
+  config_reset(fmt, options, var, use_defaults);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff value needs to be quoted and escaped to be used in
+ * a configuration file. */
+static int
+config_value_needs_escape(const char *value)
+{
+  if (*value == '\"')
+    return 1;
+  while (*value) {
+    switch (*value)
+    {
+    case '\r':
+    case '\n':
+    case '#':
+      /* Note: quotes and backspaces need special handling when we are using
+       * quotes, not otherwise, so they don't trigger escaping on their
+       * own. */
+      return 1;
+    default:
+      if (!TOR_ISPRINT(*value))
+        return 1;
+    }
+    ++value;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return a newly allocated deep copy of the lines in <b>inp</b>. */
+config_line_t *
+config_lines_dup(const config_line_t *inp)
+{
+  config_line_t *result = NULL;
+  config_line_t **next_out = &result;
+  while (inp) {
+    *next_out = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+    (*next_out)->key = tor_strdup(inp->key);
+    (*next_out)->value = tor_strdup(inp->value);
+    inp = inp->next;
+    next_out = &((*next_out)->next);
+  }
+  (*next_out) = NULL;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Return newly allocated line or lines corresponding to <b>key</b> in the
+ * configuration <b>options</b>.  If <b>escape_val</b> is true and a
+ * value needs to be quoted before it's put in a config file, quote and
+ * escape that value. Return NULL if no such key exists. */
+config_line_t *
+config_get_assigned_option(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *options,
+                             const char *key, int escape_val)
+{
+  const config_var_t *var;
+  const void *value;
+  config_line_t *result;
+  tor_assert(options && key);
+
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  var = config_find_option(fmt, key);
+  if (!var) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unknown option '%s'.  Failing.", key);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  value = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
+
+  result = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+  result->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
+  switch (var->type)
+    {
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
+      if (*(char**)value) {
+        result->value = tor_strdup(*(char**)value);
+      } else {
+        tor_free(result->key);
+        tor_free(result);
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
+      if (*(time_t*)value) {
+        result->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
+        format_iso_time(result->value, *(time_t*)value);
+      } else {
+        tor_free(result->key);
+        tor_free(result);
+      }
+      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
+      if (*(int*)value == CFG_AUTO_PORT) {
+        result->value = tor_strdup("auto");
+        escape_val = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      /* fall through */
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
+      /* This means every or_options_t uint or bool element
+       * needs to be an int. Not, say, a uint16_t or char. */
+      tor_asprintf(&result->value, "%d", *(int*)value);
+      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT:
+      tor_asprintf(&result->value, U64_FORMAT,
+                   U64_PRINTF_ARG(*(uint64_t*)value));
+      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      tor_asprintf(&result->value, "%f", *(double*)value);
+      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
+      break;
+
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
+      if (*(int*)value == -1) {
+        result->value = tor_strdup("auto");
+        escape_val = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      /* fall through */
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
+      result->value = tor_strdup(*(int*)value ? "1" : "0");
+      escape_val = 0; /* Can't need escape. */
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
+      result->value = routerset_to_string(*(routerset_t**)value);
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
+      if (*(smartlist_t**)value)
+        result->value =
+          smartlist_join_strings(*(smartlist_t**)value, ",", 0, NULL);
+      else
+        result->value = tor_strdup("");
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
+      log_fn(LOG_INFO, LD_CONFIG,
+             "You asked me for the value of an obsolete config option '%s'.",
+             key);
+      tor_free(result->key);
+      tor_free(result);
+      return NULL;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+               "Can't return context-sensitive '%s' on its own", key);
+      tor_free(result->key);
+      tor_free(result);
+      return NULL;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
+      tor_free(result->key);
+      tor_free(result);
+      result = config_lines_dup(*(const config_line_t**)value);
+      break;
+    default:
+      tor_free(result->key);
+      tor_free(result);
+      log_warn(LD_BUG,"Unknown type %d for known key '%s'",
+               var->type, key);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (escape_val) {
+    config_line_t *line;
+    for (line = result; line; line = line->next) {
+      if (line->value && config_value_needs_escape(line->value)) {
+        char *newval = esc_for_log(line->value);
+        tor_free(line->value);
+        line->value = newval;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+/** Iterate through the linked list of requested options <b>list</b>.
+ * For each item, convert as appropriate and assign to <b>options</b>.
+ * If an item is unrecognized, set *msg and return -1 immediately,
+ * else return 0 for success.
+ *
+ * If <b>clear_first</b>, interpret config options as replacing (not
+ * extending) their previous values. If <b>clear_first</b> is set,
+ * then <b>use_defaults</b> to decide if you set to defaults after
+ * clearing, or make the value 0 or NULL.
+ *
+ * Here are the use cases:
+ * 1. A non-empty AllowInvalid line in your torrc. Appends to current
+ *    if linelist, replaces current if csv.
+ * 2. An empty AllowInvalid line in your torrc. Should clear it.
+ * 3. "RESETCONF AllowInvalid" sets it to default.
+ * 4. "SETCONF AllowInvalid" makes it NULL.
+ * 5. "SETCONF AllowInvalid=foo" clears it and sets it to "foo".
+ *
+ * Use_defaults   Clear_first
+ *    0                0       "append"
+ *    1                0       undefined, don't use
+ *    0                1       "set to null first"
+ *    1                1       "set to defaults first"
+ * Return 0 on success, -1 on bad key, -2 on bad value.
+ *
+ * As an additional special case, if a LINELIST config option has
+ * no value and clear_first is 0, then warn and ignore it.
+ */
+
+/*
+There are three call cases for config_assign() currently.
+
+Case one: Torrc entry
+options_init_from_torrc() calls config_assign(0, 0)
+  calls config_assign_line(0, 0).
+    if value is empty, calls config_reset(0) and returns.
+    calls config_assign_value(), appends.
+
+Case two: setconf
+options_trial_assign() calls config_assign(0, 1)
+  calls config_reset_line(0)
+    calls config_reset(0)
+      calls option_clear().
+  calls config_assign_line(0, 1).
+    if value is empty, returns.
+    calls config_assign_value(), appends.
+
+Case three: resetconf
+options_trial_assign() calls config_assign(1, 1)
+  calls config_reset_line(1)
+    calls config_reset(1)
+      calls option_clear().
+      calls config_assign_value(default)
+  calls config_assign_line(1, 1).
+    returns.
+*/
+int
+config_assign(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options, config_line_t *list,
+              int use_defaults, int clear_first, char **msg)
+{
+  config_line_t *p;
+  bitarray_t *options_seen;
+  const int n_options = config_count_options(fmt);
+
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  /* pass 1: normalize keys */
+  for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+    const char *full = config_expand_abbrev(fmt, p->key, 0, 1);
+    if (strcmp(full,p->key)) {
+      tor_free(p->key);
+      p->key = tor_strdup(full);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* pass 2: if we're reading from a resetting source, clear all
+   * mentioned config options, and maybe set to their defaults. */
+  if (clear_first) {
+    for (p = list; p; p = p->next)
+      config_reset_line(fmt, options, p->key, use_defaults);
+  }
+
+  options_seen = bitarray_init_zero(n_options);
+  /* pass 3: assign. */
+  while (list) {
+    int r;
+    if ((r=config_assign_line(fmt, options, list, use_defaults,
+                              clear_first, options_seen, msg))) {
+      bitarray_free(options_seen);
+      return r;
+    }
+    list = list->next;
+  }
+  bitarray_free(options_seen);
+
+  /** Now we're done assigning a group of options to the configuration.
+   * Subsequent group assignments should _replace_ linelists, not extend
+   * them. */
+  config_mark_lists_fragile(fmt, options);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Reset config option <b>var</b> to 0, 0.0, NULL, or the equivalent.
+ * Called from config_reset() and config_free(). */
+static void
+config_clear(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+             const config_var_t *var)
+{
+  void *lvalue = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, var->var_offset);
+  (void)fmt; /* unused */
+  switch (var->type) {
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_STRING:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME:
+      tor_free(*(char**)lvalue);
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      *(double*)lvalue = 0.0;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME:
+      *(time_t*)lvalue = 0;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_UINT:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_INT:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_PORT:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL:
+      *(int*)lvalue = 0;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL:
+      *(int*)lvalue = -1;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT:
+      *(uint64_t*)lvalue = 0;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET:
+      if (*(routerset_t**)lvalue) {
+        routerset_free(*(routerset_t**)lvalue);
+        *(routerset_t**)lvalue = NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_CSV:
+      if (*(smartlist_t**)lvalue) {
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH(*(smartlist_t **)lvalue, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+        smartlist_free(*(smartlist_t **)lvalue);
+        *(smartlist_t **)lvalue = NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST:
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S:
+      config_free_lines(*(config_line_t **)lvalue);
+      *(config_line_t **)lvalue = NULL;
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V:
+      /* handled by linelist_s. */
+      break;
+    case CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Clear the option indexed by <b>var</b> in <b>options</b>. Then if
+ * <b>use_defaults</b>, set it to its default value.
+ * Called by config_init() and option_reset_line() and option_assign_line(). */
+static void
+config_reset(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+             const config_var_t *var, int use_defaults)
+{
+  config_line_t *c;
+  char *msg = NULL;
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+  config_clear(fmt, options, var); /* clear it first */
+  if (!use_defaults)
+    return; /* all done */
+  if (var->initvalue) {
+    c = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+    c->key = tor_strdup(var->name);
+    c->value = tor_strdup(var->initvalue);
+    if (config_assign_value(fmt, options, c, &msg) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Failed to assign default: %s", msg);
+      tor_free(msg); /* if this happens it's a bug */
+    }
+    config_free_lines(c);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Release storage held by <b>options</b>. */
+void
+config_free(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (!options)
+    return;
+
+  tor_assert(fmt);
+
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i)
+    config_clear(fmt, options, &(fmt->vars[i]));
+  if (fmt->extra) {
+    config_line_t **linep = STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
+    config_free_lines(*linep);
+    *linep = NULL;
+  }
+  tor_free(options);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff a and b contain identical keys and values in identical
+ * order. */
+int
+config_lines_eq(config_line_t *a, config_line_t *b)
+{
+  while (a && b) {
+    if (strcasecmp(a->key, b->key) || strcmp(a->value, b->value))
+      return 0;
+    a = a->next;
+    b = b->next;
+  }
+  if (a || b)
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/** Return the number of lines in <b>a</b> whose key is <b>key</b>. */
+int
+config_count_key(const config_line_t *a, const char *key)
+{
+  int n = 0;
+  while (a) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(a->key, key)) {
+      ++n;
+    }
+    a = a->next;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff the option <b>name</b> has the same value in <b>o1</b>
+ * and <b>o2</b>.  Must not be called for LINELIST_S or OBSOLETE options.
+ */
+int
+config_is_same(const config_format_t *fmt,
+               const void *o1, const void *o2,
+               const char *name)
+{
+  config_line_t *c1, *c2;
+  int r = 1;
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, o1);
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, o2);
+
+  c1 = config_get_assigned_option(fmt, o1, name, 0);
+  c2 = config_get_assigned_option(fmt, o2, name, 0);
+  r = config_lines_eq(c1, c2);
+  config_free_lines(c1);
+  config_free_lines(c2);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Copy storage held by <b>old</b> into a new or_options_t and return it. */
+void *
+config_dup(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *old)
+{
+  void *newopts;
+  int i;
+  config_line_t *line;
+
+  newopts = config_new(fmt);
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)
+      continue;
+    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE)
+      continue;
+    line = config_get_assigned_option(fmt, old, fmt->vars[i].name, 0);
+    if (line) {
+      char *msg = NULL;
+      if (config_assign(fmt, newopts, line, 0, 0, &msg) < 0) {
+        log_err(LD_BUG, "config_get_assigned_option() generated "
+                "something we couldn't config_assign(): %s", msg);
+        tor_free(msg);
+        tor_assert(0);
+      }
+    }
+    config_free_lines(line);
+  }
+  return newopts;
+}
+/** Set all vars in the configuration object <b>options</b> to their default
+ * values. */
+void
+config_init(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options)
+{
+  int i;
+  const config_var_t *var;
+  CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, options);
+
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    var = &fmt->vars[i];
+    if (!var->initvalue)
+      continue; /* defaults to NULL or 0 */
+    config_reset(fmt, options, var, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Allocate and return a new string holding the written-out values of the vars
+ * in 'options'.  If 'minimal', do not write out any default-valued vars.
+ * Else, if comment_defaults, write default values as comments.
+ */
+char *
+config_dump(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *default_options,
+            const void *options, int minimal,
+            int comment_defaults)
+{
+  smartlist_t *elements;
+  const void *defaults = default_options;
+  void *defaults_tmp = NULL;
+  config_line_t *line, *assigned;
+  char *result;
+  int i;
+  char *msg = NULL;
+
+  if (defaults == NULL) {
+    defaults = defaults_tmp = config_new(fmt);
+    config_init(fmt, defaults_tmp);
+  }
+
+  /* XXX use a 1 here so we don't add a new log line while dumping */
+  if (default_options == NULL) {
+    if (fmt->validate_fn(NULL, defaults_tmp, 1, &msg) < 0) {
+      log_err(LD_BUG, "Failed to validate default config.");
+      tor_free(msg);
+      tor_assert(0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  elements = smartlist_new();
+  for (i=0; fmt->vars[i].name; ++i) {
+    int comment_option = 0;
+    if (fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE ||
+        fmt->vars[i].type == CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S)
+      continue;
+    /* Don't save 'hidden' control variables. */
+    if (!strcmpstart(fmt->vars[i].name, "__"))
+      continue;
+    if (minimal && config_is_same(fmt, options, defaults, fmt->vars[i].name))
+      continue;
+    else if (comment_defaults &&
+             config_is_same(fmt, options, defaults, fmt->vars[i].name))
+      comment_option = 1;
+
+    line = assigned =
+      config_get_assigned_option(fmt, options, fmt->vars[i].name, 1);
+
+    for (; line; line = line->next) {
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s%s %s\n",
+                   comment_option ? "# " : "",
+                   line->key, line->value);
+    }
+    config_free_lines(assigned);
+  }
+
+  if (fmt->extra) {
+    line = *(config_line_t**)STRUCT_VAR_P(options, fmt->extra->var_offset);
+    for (; line; line = line->next) {
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s %s\n", line->key, line->value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  result = smartlist_join_strings(elements, "", 0, NULL);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(elements, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(elements);
+  if (defaults_tmp)
+    config_free(fmt, defaults_tmp);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Mapping from a unit name to a multiplier for converting that unit into a
+ * base unit.  Used by config_parse_unit. */
+struct unit_table_t {
+  const char *unit; /**< The name of the unit */
+  uint64_t multiplier; /**< How many of the base unit appear in this unit */
+};
+
+/** Table to map the names of memory units to the number of bytes they
+ * contain. */
+static struct unit_table_t memory_units[] = {
+  { "",          1 },
+  { "b",         1<< 0 },
+  { "byte",      1<< 0 },
+  { "bytes",     1<< 0 },
+  { "kb",        1<<10 },
+  { "kbyte",     1<<10 },
+  { "kbytes",    1<<10 },
+  { "kilobyte",  1<<10 },
+  { "kilobytes", 1<<10 },
+  { "m",         1<<20 },
+  { "mb",        1<<20 },
+  { "mbyte",     1<<20 },
+  { "mbytes",    1<<20 },
+  { "megabyte",  1<<20 },
+  { "megabytes", 1<<20 },
+  { "gb",        1<<30 },
+  { "gbyte",     1<<30 },
+  { "gbytes",    1<<30 },
+  { "gigabyte",  1<<30 },
+  { "gigabytes", 1<<30 },
+  { "tb",        U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
+  { "terabyte",  U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
+  { "terabytes", U64_LITERAL(1)<<40 },
+  { NULL, 0 },
+};
+
+/** Table to map the names of time units to the number of seconds they
+ * contain. */
+static struct unit_table_t time_units[] = {
+  { "",         1 },
+  { "second",   1 },
+  { "seconds",  1 },
+  { "minute",   60 },
+  { "minutes",  60 },
+  { "hour",     60*60 },
+  { "hours",    60*60 },
+  { "day",      24*60*60 },
+  { "days",     24*60*60 },
+  { "week",     7*24*60*60 },
+  { "weeks",    7*24*60*60 },
+  { "month",    2629728, }, /* about 30.437 days */
+  { "months",   2629728, },
+  { NULL, 0 },
+};
+
+/** Table to map the names of time units to the number of milliseconds
+ * they contain. */
+static struct unit_table_t time_msec_units[] = {
+  { "",         1 },
+  { "msec",     1 },
+  { "millisecond", 1 },
+  { "milliseconds", 1 },
+  { "second",   1000 },
+  { "seconds",  1000 },
+  { "minute",   60*1000 },
+  { "minutes",  60*1000 },
+  { "hour",     60*60*1000 },
+  { "hours",    60*60*1000 },
+  { "day",      24*60*60*1000 },
+  { "days",     24*60*60*1000 },
+  { "week",     7*24*60*60*1000 },
+  { "weeks",    7*24*60*60*1000 },
+  { NULL, 0 },
+};
+
+/** Parse a string <b>val</b> containing a number, zero or more
+ * spaces, and an optional unit string.  If the unit appears in the
+ * table <b>u</b>, then multiply the number by the unit multiplier.
+ * On success, set *<b>ok</b> to 1 and return this product.
+ * Otherwise, set *<b>ok</b> to 0.
+ */
+static uint64_t
+config_parse_units(const char *val, struct unit_table_t *u, int *ok)
+{
+  uint64_t v = 0;
+  double d = 0;
+  int use_float = 0;
+  char *cp;
+
+  tor_assert(ok);
+
+  v = tor_parse_uint64(val, 10, 0, UINT64_MAX, ok, &cp);
+  if (!*ok || (cp && *cp == '.')) {
+    d = tor_parse_double(val, 0, UINT64_MAX, ok, &cp);
+    if (!*ok)
+      goto done;
+    use_float = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!cp) {
+    *ok = 1;
+    v = use_float ? DBL_TO_U64(d) :  v;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  cp = (char*) eat_whitespace(cp);
+
+  for ( ;u->unit;++u) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(u->unit, cp)) {
+      if (use_float)
+        v = u->multiplier * d;
+      else
+        v *= u->multiplier;
+      *ok = 1;
+      goto done;
+    }
+  }
+  log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Unknown unit '%s'.", cp);
+  *ok = 0;
+ done:
+
+  if (*ok)
+    return v;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of
+ * information (byte, KB, M, etc).  On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true
+ * and return the number of bytes specified.  Otherwise, set
+ * *<b>ok</b> to false and return 0. */
+static uint64_t
+config_parse_memunit(const char *s, int *ok)
+{
+  uint64_t u = config_parse_units(s, memory_units, ok);
+  return u;
+}
+
+/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of
+ * time in milliseconds.  On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true and return
+ * the number of milliseconds in the provided interval.  Otherwise, set
+ * *<b>ok</b> to 0 and return -1. */
+static int
+config_parse_msec_interval(const char *s, int *ok)
+{
+  uint64_t r;
+  r = config_parse_units(s, time_msec_units, ok);
+  if (!ok)
+    return -1;
+  if (r > INT_MAX) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Msec interval '%s' is too long", s);
+    *ok = 0;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return (int)r;
+}
+
+/** Parse a string in the format "number unit", where unit is a unit of time.
+ * On success, set *<b>ok</b> to true and return the number of seconds in
+ * the provided interval.  Otherwise, set *<b>ok</b> to 0 and return -1.
+ */
+static int
+config_parse_interval(const char *s, int *ok)
+{
+  uint64_t r;
+  r = config_parse_units(s, time_units, ok);
+  if (!ok)
+    return -1;
+  if (r > INT_MAX) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Interval '%s' is too long", s);
+    *ok = 0;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return (int)r;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/confparse.h b/src/or/confparse.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b987f3bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/confparse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#ifndef TOR_CONFPARSE_H
+#define TOR_CONFPARSE_H
+
+/** Enumeration of types which option values can take */
+typedef enum config_type_t {
+  CONFIG_TYPE_STRING = 0,   /**< An arbitrary string. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_FILENAME,     /**< A filename: some prefixes get expanded. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_UINT,         /**< A non-negative integer less than MAX_INT */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_INT,          /**< Any integer. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_PORT,         /**< A port from 1...65535, 0 for "not set", or
+                             * "auto".  */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_INTERVAL,     /**< A number of seconds, with optional units*/
+  CONFIG_TYPE_MSEC_INTERVAL,/**< A number of milliseconds, with optional
+                              * units */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_MEMUNIT,      /**< A number of bytes, with optional units*/
+  CONFIG_TYPE_DOUBLE,       /**< A floating-point value */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_BOOL,         /**< A boolean value, expressed as 0 or 1. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_AUTOBOOL,     /**< A boolean+auto value, expressed 0 for false,
+                             * 1 for true, and -1 for auto  */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_ISOTIME,      /**< An ISO-formatted time relative to UTC. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_CSV,          /**< A list of strings, separated by commas and
+                              * optional whitespace. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST,     /**< Uninterpreted config lines */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_S,   /**< Uninterpreted, context-sensitive config lines,
+                             * mixed with other keywords. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST_V,   /**< Catch-all "virtual" option to summarize
+                             * context-sensitive config lines when fetching.
+                             */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_ROUTERSET,    /**< A list of router names, addrs, and fps,
+                             * parsed into a routerset_t. */
+  CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE,     /**< Obsolete (ignored) option. */
+} config_type_t;
+
+/** An abbreviation for a configuration option allowed on the command line. */
+typedef struct config_abbrev_t {
+  const char *abbreviated;
+  const char *full;
+  int commandline_only;
+  int warn;
+} config_abbrev_t;
+
+/* Handy macro for declaring "In the config file or on the command line,
+ * you can abbreviate <b>tok</b>s as <b>tok</b>". */
+#define PLURAL(tok) { #tok, #tok "s", 0, 0 }
+
+/** A variable allowed in the configuration file or on the command line. */
+typedef struct config_var_t {
+  const char *name; /**< The full keyword (case insensitive). */
+  config_type_t type; /**< How to interpret the type and turn it into a
+                       * value. */
+  off_t var_offset; /**< Offset of the corresponding member of or_options_t. */
+  const char *initvalue; /**< String (or null) describing initial value. */
+} config_var_t;
+
+/** Represents an English description of a configuration variable; used when
+ * generating configuration file comments. */
+typedef struct config_var_description_t {
+  const char *name;
+  const char *description;
+} config_var_description_t;
+
+/** Type of a callback to validate whether a given configuration is
+ * well-formed and consistent. See options_trial_assign() for documentation
+ * of arguments. */
+typedef int (*validate_fn_t)(void*,void*,int,char**);
+
+/** Information on the keys, value types, key-to-struct-member mappings,
+ * variable descriptions, validation functions, and abbreviations for a
+ * configuration or storage format. */
+typedef struct {
+  size_t size; /**< Size of the struct that everything gets parsed into. */
+  uint32_t magic; /**< Required 'magic value' to make sure we have a struct
+                   * of the right type. */
+  off_t magic_offset; /**< Offset of the magic value within the struct. */
+  config_abbrev_t *abbrevs; /**< List of abbreviations that we expand when
+                             * parsing this format. */
+  config_var_t *vars; /**< List of variables we recognize, their default
+                       * values, and where we stick them in the structure. */
+  validate_fn_t validate_fn; /**< Function to validate config. */
+  /** If present, extra is a LINELIST variable for unrecognized
+   * lines.  Otherwise, unrecognized lines are an error. */
+  config_var_t *extra;
+} config_format_t;
+
+/** Macro: assert that <b>cfg</b> has the right magic field for format
+ * <b>fmt</b>. */
+#define CONFIG_CHECK(fmt, cfg) STMT_BEGIN                               \
+    tor_assert(fmt && cfg);                                             \
+    tor_assert((fmt)->magic ==                                          \
+               *(uint32_t*)STRUCT_VAR_P(cfg,fmt->magic_offset));        \
+  STMT_END
+
+void *config_new(const config_format_t *fmt);
+void config_line_append(config_line_t **lst,
+                        const char *key, const char *val);
+config_line_t *config_lines_dup(const config_line_t *inp);
+void config_free(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options);
+int config_lines_eq(config_line_t *a, config_line_t *b);
+int config_count_key(const config_line_t *a, const char *key);
+config_line_t *config_get_assigned_option(const config_format_t *fmt,
+                                          const void *options, const char *key,
+                                          int escape_val);
+int config_is_same(const config_format_t *fmt,
+                   const void *o1, const void *o2,
+                   const char *name);
+void config_init(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options);
+void *config_dup(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *old);
+char *config_dump(const config_format_t *fmt, const void *default_options,
+                  const void *options, int minimal,
+                  int comment_defaults);
+int config_assign(const config_format_t *fmt, void *options,
+                  config_line_t *list,
+                  int use_defaults, int clear_first, char **msg);
+config_var_t *config_find_option_mutable(config_format_t *fmt,
+                                         const char *key);
+const config_var_t *config_find_option(const config_format_t *fmt,
+                                       const char *key);
+
+int config_get_lines(const char *string, config_line_t **result, int extended);
+void config_free_lines(config_line_t *front);
+const char *config_expand_abbrev(const config_format_t *fmt,
+                                 const char *option,
+                                 int command_line, int warn_obsolete);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/connection.c b/src/or/connection.c
index e366e0e77f..4f74a1d04b 100644
--- a/src/or/connection.c
+++ b/src/or/connection.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@
 
 #include "or.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+/*
+ * Define this so we get channel internal functions, since we're implementing
+ * part of a subclass (channel_tls_t).
+ */
+#define TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
@@ -25,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dns.h"
 #include "dnsserv.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "policies.h"
@@ -34,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "rendcommon.h"
 #include "rephist.h"
 #include "router.h"
+#include "transports.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
@@ -238,7 +247,16 @@ dir_connection_new(int socket_family)
 }
 
 /** Allocate and return a new or_connection_t, initialized as by
- * connection_init(). */
+ * connection_init().
+ *
+ * Set timestamp_last_added_nonpadding to now.
+ *
+ * Assign a pseudorandom next_circ_id between 0 and 2**15.
+ *
+ * Initialize active_circuit_pqueue.
+ *
+ * Set active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated to current cell_ewma tick.
+ */
 or_connection_t *
 or_connection_new(int socket_family)
 {
@@ -247,16 +265,15 @@ or_connection_new(int socket_family)
   connection_init(now, TO_CONN(or_conn), CONN_TYPE_OR, socket_family);
 
   or_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = time(NULL);
-  or_conn->next_circ_id = crypto_rand_int(1<<15);
-
-  or_conn->active_circuit_pqueue = smartlist_new();
-  or_conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated = cell_ewma_get_tick();
 
   return or_conn;
 }
 
 /** Allocate and return a new entry_connection_t, initialized as by
- * connection_init(). */
+ * connection_init().
+ *
+ * Allocate space to store the socks_request.
+ */
 entry_connection_t *
 entry_connection_new(int type, int socket_family)
 {
@@ -264,6 +281,13 @@ entry_connection_new(int type, int socket_family)
   tor_assert(type == CONN_TYPE_AP);
   connection_init(time(NULL), ENTRY_TO_CONN(entry_conn), type, socket_family);
   entry_conn->socks_request = socks_request_new();
+  /* If this is coming from a listener, we'll set it up based on the listener
+   * in a little while.  Otherwise, we're doing this as a linked connection
+   * of some kind, and we should set it up here based on the socket family */
+  if (socket_family == AF_INET)
+    entry_conn->ipv4_traffic_ok = 1;
+  else if (socket_family == AF_INET6)
+    entry_conn->ipv6_traffic_ok = 1;
   return entry_conn;
 }
 
@@ -338,14 +362,11 @@ connection_new(int type, int socket_family)
 /** Initializes conn. (you must call connection_add() to link it into the main
  * array).
  *
+ * Set conn-\>magic to the correct value.
+ *
  * Set conn-\>type to <b>type</b>. Set conn-\>s and conn-\>conn_array_index to
  * -1 to signify they are not yet assigned.
  *
- * If conn is not a listener type, allocate buffers for it. If it's
- * an AP type, allocate space to store the socks_request.
- *
- * Assign a pseudorandom next_circ_id between 0 and 2**15.
- *
  * Initialize conn's timestamps to now.
  */
 static void
@@ -414,7 +435,7 @@ connection_link_connections(connection_t *conn_a, connection_t *conn_b)
  * if <b>conn</b> is an OR or OP connection.
  */
 static void
-_connection_free(connection_t *conn)
+connection_free_(connection_t *conn)
 {
   void *mem;
   size_t memlen;
@@ -492,8 +513,23 @@ _connection_free(connection_t *conn)
     or_conn->tls = NULL;
     or_handshake_state_free(or_conn->handshake_state);
     or_conn->handshake_state = NULL;
-    smartlist_free(or_conn->active_circuit_pqueue);
     tor_free(or_conn->nickname);
+    if (or_conn->chan) {
+      /* Owww, this shouldn't happen, but... */
+      log_info(LD_CHANNEL,
+               "Freeing orconn at %p, saw channel %p with ID "
+               U64_FORMAT " left un-NULLed",
+               or_conn, TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan),
+               U64_PRINTF_ARG(
+                 TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan)->global_identifier));
+      if (!(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan)->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+            TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan)->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+        channel_close_for_error(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan));
+      }
+
+      or_conn->chan->conn = NULL;
+      or_conn->chan = NULL;
+    }
   }
   if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
     entry_connection_t *entry_conn = TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
@@ -592,7 +628,7 @@ connection_free(connection_t *conn)
     connection_control_closed(TO_CONTROL_CONN(conn));
   }
   connection_unregister_events(conn);
-  _connection_free(conn);
+  connection_free_(conn);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -668,7 +704,42 @@ connection_close_immediate(connection_t *conn)
 /** Mark <b>conn</b> to be closed next time we loop through
  * conn_close_if_marked() in main.c. */
 void
-_connection_mark_for_close(connection_t *conn, int line, const char *file)
+connection_mark_for_close_(connection_t *conn, int line, const char *file)
+{
+  assert_connection_ok(conn,0);
+  tor_assert(line);
+  tor_assert(line < 1<<16); /* marked_for_close can only fit a uint16_t. */
+  tor_assert(file);
+
+  if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
+    /*
+     * An or_connection should have been closed through one of the channel-
+     * aware functions in connection_or.c.  We'll assume this is an error
+     * close and do that, and log a bug warning.
+     */
+    log_warn(LD_CHANNEL | LD_BUG,
+             "Something tried to close an or_connection_t without going "
+             "through channels at %s:%d",
+             file, line);
+    connection_or_close_for_error(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
+  } else {
+    /* Pass it down to the real function */
+    connection_mark_for_close_internal_(conn, line, file);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Mark <b>conn</b> to be closed next time we loop through
+ * conn_close_if_marked() in main.c; the _internal version bypasses the
+ * CONN_TYPE_OR checks; this should be called when you either are sure that
+ * if this is an or_connection_t the controlling channel has been notified
+ * (e.g. with connection_or_notify_error()), or you actually are the
+ * connection_or_close_for_error() or connection_or_close_normally function.
+ * For all other cases, use connection_mark_and_flush() instead, which
+ * checks for or_connection_t properly, instead.  See below.
+ */
+void
+connection_mark_for_close_internal_(connection_t *conn,
+                                    int line, const char *file)
 {
   assert_connection_ok(conn,0);
   tor_assert(line);
@@ -676,13 +747,24 @@ _connection_mark_for_close(connection_t *conn, int line, const char *file)
   tor_assert(file);
 
   if (conn->marked_for_close) {
-    log(LOG_WARN,LD_BUG,"Duplicate call to connection_mark_for_close at %s:%d"
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,"Duplicate call to connection_mark_for_close at %s:%d"
         " (first at %s:%d)", file, line, conn->marked_for_close_file,
         conn->marked_for_close);
     tor_fragile_assert();
     return;
   }
 
+  if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
+    /*
+     * Bad news if this happens without telling the controlling channel; do
+     * this so we can find things that call this wrongly when the asserts hit.
+     */
+    log_debug(LD_CHANNEL,
+              "Calling connection_mark_for_close_internal_() on an OR conn "
+              "at %s:%d",
+              file, line);
+  }
+
   conn->marked_for_close = line;
   conn->marked_for_close_file = file;
   add_connection_to_closeable_list(conn);
@@ -852,11 +934,35 @@ make_socket_reuseable(tor_socket_t sock)
    * right after somebody else has let it go. But REUSEADDR on win32
    * means you can bind to the port _even when somebody else
    * already has it bound_. So, don't do that on Win32. */
-  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void*) &one,
-             (socklen_t)sizeof(one));
+  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void*) &one,
+             (socklen_t)sizeof(one)) == -1) {
+    log_warn(LD_NET, "Error setting SO_REUSEADDR flag: %s",
+             tor_socket_strerror(errno));
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
+/** Max backlog to pass to listen.  We start at */
+static int listen_limit = INT_MAX;
+
+/* Listen on <b>fd</b> with appropriate backlog. Return as for listen. */
+static int
+tor_listen(tor_socket_t fd)
+{
+  int r;
+
+  if ((r = listen(fd, listen_limit)) < 0) {
+    if (listen_limit == SOMAXCONN)
+      return r;
+    if ((r = listen(fd, SOMAXCONN)) == 0) {
+      listen_limit = SOMAXCONN;
+      log_warn(LD_NET, "Setting listen backlog to INT_MAX connections "
+               "didn't work, but SOMAXCONN did. Lowering backlog limit.");
+    }
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
 /** Bind a new non-blocking socket listening to the socket described
  * by <b>listensockaddr</b>.
  *
@@ -881,7 +987,7 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
   static int global_next_session_group = SESSION_GROUP_FIRST_AUTO;
   tor_addr_t addr;
 
-  if (get_n_open_sockets() >= get_options()->_ConnLimit-1) {
+  if (get_n_open_sockets() >= get_options()->ConnLimit_-1) {
     warn_too_many_conns();
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -894,8 +1000,8 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
 
     tor_addr_from_sockaddr(&addr, listensockaddr, &usePort);
 
-    log_notice(LD_NET, "Opening %s on %s:%d",
-               conn_type_to_string(type), fmt_addr(&addr), usePort);
+    log_notice(LD_NET, "Opening %s on %s",
+               conn_type_to_string(type), fmt_addrport(&addr, usePort));
 
     s = tor_open_socket(tor_addr_family(&addr),
                         is_tcp ? SOCK_STREAM : SOCK_DGRAM,
@@ -940,7 +1046,7 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
     }
 
     if (is_tcp) {
-      if (listen(s,SOMAXCONN) < 0) {
+      if (tor_listen(s) < 0) {
         log_warn(LD_NET, "Could not listen on %s:%u: %s", address, usePort,
                  tor_socket_strerror(tor_socket_errno(s)));
         tor_close_socket(s);
@@ -992,6 +1098,7 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
     if (bind(s, listensockaddr, (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)) == -1) {
       log_warn(LD_NET,"Bind to %s failed: %s.", address,
                tor_socket_strerror(tor_socket_errno(s)));
+      tor_close_socket(s);
       goto err;
     }
 #ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
@@ -1000,9 +1107,12 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
       if (pw == NULL) {
         log_warn(LD_NET,"Unable to chown() %s socket: user %s not found.",
                  address, options->User);
+        tor_close_socket(s);
+        goto err;
       } else if (chown(address, pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid) < 0) {
         log_warn(LD_NET,"Unable to chown() %s socket: %s.",
                  address, strerror(errno));
+        tor_close_socket(s);
         goto err;
       }
     }
@@ -1032,7 +1142,10 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
       tor_assert(0);
   }
 
-  set_socket_nonblocking(s);
+  if (set_socket_nonblocking(s) == -1) {
+    tor_close_socket(s);
+    goto err;
+  }
 
   lis_conn = listener_connection_new(type, listensockaddr->sa_family);
   conn = TO_CONN(lis_conn);
@@ -1056,6 +1169,20 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
       lis_conn->session_group = global_next_session_group--;
     }
   }
+  if (type == CONN_TYPE_AP_LISTENER) {
+    lis_conn->socks_ipv4_traffic = port_cfg->ipv4_traffic;
+    lis_conn->socks_ipv6_traffic = port_cfg->ipv6_traffic;
+    lis_conn->socks_prefer_ipv6 = port_cfg->prefer_ipv6;
+  } else {
+    lis_conn->socks_ipv4_traffic = 1;
+    lis_conn->socks_ipv6_traffic = 1;
+  }
+  lis_conn->cache_ipv4_answers = port_cfg->cache_ipv4_answers;
+  lis_conn->cache_ipv6_answers = port_cfg->cache_ipv6_answers;
+  lis_conn->use_cached_ipv4_answers = port_cfg->use_cached_ipv4_answers;
+  lis_conn->use_cached_ipv6_answers = port_cfg->use_cached_ipv6_answers;
+  lis_conn->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr = port_cfg->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr;
+  lis_conn->socks_prefer_no_auth = port_cfg->socks_prefer_no_auth;
 
   if (connection_add(conn) < 0) { /* no space, forget it */
     log_warn(LD_NET,"connection_add for listener failed. Giving up.");
@@ -1089,7 +1216,7 @@ connection_listener_new(const struct sockaddr *listensockaddr,
  * nmap does).  We want to detect that, and not go on with the connection.
  */
 static int
-check_sockaddr(struct sockaddr *sa, int len, int level)
+check_sockaddr(const struct sockaddr *sa, int len, int level)
 {
   int ok = 1;
 
@@ -1182,7 +1309,10 @@ connection_handle_listener_read(connection_t *conn, int new_type)
             (int)news,(int)conn->s);
 
   make_socket_reuseable(news);
-  set_socket_nonblocking(news);
+  if (set_socket_nonblocking(news) == -1) {
+    tor_close_socket(news);
+    return 0;
+  }
 
   if (options->ConstrainedSockets)
     set_constrained_socket_buffers(news, (int)options->ConstrainedSockSize);
@@ -1202,11 +1332,6 @@ connection_handle_listener_read(connection_t *conn, int new_type)
       return 0;
     }
 
-    if (check_sockaddr_family_match(remote->sa_family, conn) < 0) {
-      tor_close_socket(news);
-      return 0;
-    }
-
     tor_addr_from_sockaddr(&addr, remote, &port);
 
     /* process entrance policies here, before we even create the connection */
@@ -1215,7 +1340,7 @@ connection_handle_listener_read(connection_t *conn, int new_type)
       if (socks_policy_permits_address(&addr) == 0) {
         log_notice(LD_APP,
                    "Denying socks connection from untrusted address %s.",
-                   fmt_addr(&addr));
+                   fmt_and_decorate_addr(&addr));
         tor_close_socket(news);
         return 0;
       }
@@ -1224,7 +1349,7 @@ connection_handle_listener_read(connection_t *conn, int new_type)
       /* check dirpolicy to see if we should accept it */
       if (dir_policy_permits_address(&addr) == 0) {
         log_notice(LD_DIRSERV,"Denying dir connection from address %s.",
-                   fmt_addr(&addr));
+                   fmt_and_decorate_addr(&addr));
         tor_close_socket(news);
         return 0;
       }
@@ -1238,6 +1363,11 @@ connection_handle_listener_read(connection_t *conn, int new_type)
     newconn->port = port;
     newconn->address = tor_dup_addr(&addr);
 
+    if (new_type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(newconn)->socks_request->socks_prefer_no_auth =
+        TO_LISTENER_CONN(conn)->socks_prefer_no_auth;
+    }
+
   } else if (conn->socket_family == AF_UNIX) {
     /* For now only control ports can be Unix domain sockets
      * and listeners at the same time */
@@ -1276,17 +1406,36 @@ static int
 connection_init_accepted_conn(connection_t *conn,
                               const listener_connection_t *listener)
 {
+  int rv;
+
   connection_start_reading(conn);
 
   switch (conn->type) {
     case CONN_TYPE_OR:
       control_event_or_conn_status(TO_OR_CONN(conn), OR_CONN_EVENT_NEW, 0);
-      return connection_tls_start_handshake(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 1);
+      rv = connection_tls_start_handshake(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 1);
+      if (rv < 0) {
+        connection_or_close_for_error(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
+      }
+      return rv;
+      break;
     case CONN_TYPE_AP:
       TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->isolation_flags = listener->isolation_flags;
       TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->session_group = listener->session_group;
       TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->nym_epoch = get_signewnym_epoch();
-      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request->listener_type = listener->_base.type;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request->listener_type = listener->base_.type;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->ipv4_traffic_ok = listener->socks_ipv4_traffic;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->ipv6_traffic_ok = listener->socks_ipv6_traffic;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->prefer_ipv6_traffic = listener->socks_prefer_ipv6;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->cache_ipv4_answers = listener->cache_ipv4_answers;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->cache_ipv6_answers = listener->cache_ipv6_answers;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->use_cached_ipv4_answers =
+        listener->use_cached_ipv4_answers;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->use_cached_ipv6_answers =
+        listener->use_cached_ipv6_answers;
+      TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr =
+        listener->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr;
+
       switch (TO_CONN(listener)->type) {
         case CONN_TYPE_AP_LISTENER:
           conn->state = AP_CONN_STATE_SOCKS_WAIT;
@@ -1333,7 +1482,7 @@ connection_connect(connection_t *conn, const char *address,
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int protocol_family;
 
-  if (get_n_open_sockets() >= get_options()->_ConnLimit-1) {
+  if (get_n_open_sockets() >= get_options()->ConnLimit_-1) {
     warn_too_many_conns();
     *socket_error = SOCK_ERRNO(ENOBUFS);
     return -1;
@@ -1348,16 +1497,9 @@ connection_connect(connection_t *conn, const char *address,
     /* We should never even try to connect anyplace if DisableNetwork is set.
      * Warn if we do, and refuse to make the connection. */
     static ratelim_t disablenet_violated = RATELIM_INIT(30*60);
-    char *m;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    *socket_error = WSAENETUNREACH;
-#else
-    *socket_error = ENETUNREACH;
-#endif
-    if ((m = rate_limit_log(&disablenet_violated, approx_time()))) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Tried to open a socket with DisableNetwork set.%s", m);
-      tor_free(m);
-    }
+    *socket_error = SOCK_ERRNO(ENETUNREACH);
+    log_fn_ratelim(&disablenet_violated, LOG_WARN, LD_BUG,
+                   "Tried to open a socket with DisableNetwork set.");
     tor_fragile_assert();
     return -1;
   }
@@ -1372,28 +1514,43 @@ connection_connect(connection_t *conn, const char *address,
 
   make_socket_reuseable(s);
 
-  if (options->OutboundBindAddress && !tor_addr_is_loopback(addr)) {
-    struct sockaddr_in ext_addr;
-
-    memset(&ext_addr, 0, sizeof(ext_addr));
-    ext_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-    ext_addr.sin_port = 0;
-    if (!tor_inet_aton(options->OutboundBindAddress, &ext_addr.sin_addr)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"Outbound bind address '%s' didn't parse. Ignoring.",
-               options->OutboundBindAddress);
-    } else {
-      if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&ext_addr,
-               (socklen_t)sizeof(ext_addr)) < 0) {
-        *socket_error = tor_socket_errno(s);
-        log_warn(LD_NET,"Error binding network socket: %s",
-                 tor_socket_strerror(*socket_error));
-        tor_close_socket(s);
-        return -1;
+  if (!tor_addr_is_loopback(addr)) {
+    const tor_addr_t *ext_addr = NULL;
+    if (protocol_family == AF_INET &&
+        !tor_addr_is_null(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_))
+      ext_addr = &options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_;
+    else if (protocol_family == AF_INET6 &&
+             !tor_addr_is_null(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv6_))
+      ext_addr = &options->OutboundBindAddressIPv6_;
+    if (ext_addr) {
+      struct sockaddr_storage ext_addr_sa;
+      socklen_t ext_addr_len = 0;
+      memset(&ext_addr_sa, 0, sizeof(ext_addr_sa));
+      ext_addr_len = tor_addr_to_sockaddr(ext_addr, 0,
+                                          (struct sockaddr *) &ext_addr_sa,
+                                          sizeof(ext_addr_sa));
+      if (ext_addr_len == 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_NET,
+                 "Error converting OutboundBindAddress %s into sockaddr. "
+                 "Ignoring.", fmt_and_decorate_addr(ext_addr));
+      } else {
+        if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &ext_addr_sa, ext_addr_len) < 0) {
+          *socket_error = tor_socket_errno(s);
+          log_warn(LD_NET,"Error binding network socket to %s: %s",
+                   fmt_and_decorate_addr(ext_addr),
+                   tor_socket_strerror(*socket_error));
+          tor_close_socket(s);
+          return -1;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
 
-  set_socket_nonblocking(s);
+  if (set_socket_nonblocking(s) == -1) {
+    *socket_error = tor_socket_errno(s);
+    tor_close_socket(s);
+    return -1;
+  }
 
   if (options->ConstrainedSockets)
     set_constrained_socket_buffers(s, (int)options->ConstrainedSockSize);
@@ -1424,7 +1581,7 @@ connection_connect(connection_t *conn, const char *address,
 
   /* it succeeded. we're connected. */
   log_fn(inprogress?LOG_DEBUG:LOG_INFO, LD_NET,
-         "Connection to %s:%u %s (sock %d).",
+         "Connection to %s:%u %s (sock "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT").",
          escaped_safe_str_client(address),
          port, inprogress?"in progress":"established", s);
   conn->s = s;
@@ -1495,17 +1652,17 @@ connection_proxy_connect(connection_t *conn, int type)
       }
 
       if (base64_authenticator) {
-        const char *addr = fmt_addr(&conn->addr);
-        tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-                     "Host: %s:%d\r\n"
+        const char *addrport = fmt_addrport(&conn->addr, conn->port);
+        tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CONNECT %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                     "Host: %s\r\n"
                      "Proxy-Authorization: Basic %s\r\n\r\n",
-                     addr, conn->port,
-                     addr, conn->port,
+                     addrport,
+                     addrport,
                      base64_authenticator);
         tor_free(base64_authenticator);
       } else {
-        tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n",
-                     fmt_addr(&conn->addr), conn->port);
+        tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CONNECT %s HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n",
+                     fmt_addrport(&conn->addr, conn->port));
       }
 
       connection_write_to_buf(buf, strlen(buf), conn);
@@ -1607,6 +1764,7 @@ connection_read_https_proxy_response(connection_t *conn)
     tor_free(headers);
     return -1;
   }
+  tor_free(headers);
   if (!reason) reason = tor_strdup("[no reason given]");
 
   if (status_code == 200) {
@@ -1952,6 +2110,8 @@ retry_all_listeners(smartlist_t *replaced_conns,
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int retval = 0;
   const uint16_t old_or_port = router_get_advertised_or_port(options);
+  const uint16_t old_or_port_ipv6 =
+    router_get_advertised_or_port_by_af(options,AF_INET6);
   const uint16_t old_dir_port = router_get_advertised_dir_port(options, 0);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(get_connection_array(), connection_t *, conn) {
@@ -1980,8 +2140,9 @@ retry_all_listeners(smartlist_t *replaced_conns,
 
   smartlist_free(listeners);
 
-  /* XXXprop186 should take all advertised ports into account */
   if (old_or_port != router_get_advertised_or_port(options) ||
+      old_or_port_ipv6 != router_get_advertised_or_port_by_af(options,
+                                                              AF_INET6) ||
       old_dir_port != router_get_advertised_dir_port(options, 0)) {
     /* Our chosen ORPort or DirPort is not what it used to be: the
      * descriptor we had (if any) should be regenerated.  (We won't
@@ -2033,9 +2194,9 @@ connection_mark_all_noncontrol_connections(void)
 /** Return 1 if we should apply rate limiting to <b>conn</b>, and 0
  * otherwise.
  * Right now this just checks if it's an internal IP address or an
- * internal connection. We also check if the connection uses pluggable
- * transports, since we should then limit it even if it comes from an
- * internal IP address. */
+ * internal connection. We also should, but don't, check if the connection
+ * uses pluggable transports, since we should then limit it even if it
+ * comes from an internal IP address. */
 static int
 connection_is_rate_limited(connection_t *conn)
 {
@@ -2075,7 +2236,8 @@ static int
 connection_counts_as_relayed_traffic(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
 {
   if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR &&
-      TO_OR_CONN(conn)->client_used + CLIENT_IDLE_TIME_FOR_PRIORITY < now)
+      connection_or_client_used(TO_OR_CONN(conn)) +
+                                CLIENT_IDLE_TIME_FOR_PRIORITY < now)
     return 1;
   if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR && DIR_CONN_IS_SERVER(conn))
     return 1;
@@ -2120,8 +2282,7 @@ connection_bucket_round_robin(int base, int priority,
 static ssize_t
 connection_bucket_read_limit(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
 {
-  int base = connection_speaks_cells(conn) ?
-               CELL_NETWORK_SIZE : RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  int base = RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
   int priority = conn->type != CONN_TYPE_DIR;
   int conn_bucket = -1;
   int global_bucket = global_read_bucket;
@@ -2130,6 +2291,7 @@ connection_bucket_read_limit(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
     or_connection_t *or_conn = TO_OR_CONN(conn);
     if (conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
       conn_bucket = or_conn->read_bucket;
+    base = get_cell_network_size(or_conn->wide_circ_ids);
   }
 
   if (!connection_is_rate_limited(conn)) {
@@ -2149,8 +2311,7 @@ connection_bucket_read_limit(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
 ssize_t
 connection_bucket_write_limit(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
 {
-  int base = connection_speaks_cells(conn) ?
-               CELL_NETWORK_SIZE : RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+  int base = RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
   int priority = conn->type != CONN_TYPE_DIR;
   int conn_bucket = (int)conn->outbuf_flushlen;
   int global_bucket = global_write_bucket;
@@ -2168,6 +2329,7 @@ connection_bucket_write_limit(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
       if (or_conn->write_bucket < conn_bucket)
         conn_bucket = or_conn->write_bucket >= 0 ?
                         or_conn->write_bucket : 0;
+    base = get_cell_network_size(or_conn->wide_circ_ids);
   }
 
   if (connection_counts_as_relayed_traffic(conn, now) &&
@@ -2358,6 +2520,9 @@ connection_consider_empty_read_buckets(connection_t *conn)
   } else
     return; /* all good, no need to stop it */
 
+  if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_CPUWORKER)
+    return; /* Always okay. */
+
   LOG_FN_CONN(conn, (LOG_DEBUG, LD_NET, "%s", reason));
   conn->read_blocked_on_bw = 1;
   connection_stop_reading(conn);
@@ -2382,6 +2547,9 @@ connection_consider_empty_write_buckets(connection_t *conn)
   } else
     return; /* all good, no need to stop it */
 
+  if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_CPUWORKER)
+    return; /* Always okay. */
+
   LOG_FN_CONN(conn, (LOG_DEBUG, LD_NET, "%s", reason));
   conn->write_blocked_on_bw = 1;
   connection_stop_writing(conn);
@@ -2429,7 +2597,7 @@ connection_bucket_refill_helper(int *bucket, int rate, int burst,
         *bucket = burst;
       }
     }
-    log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_NET,"%s now %d.", name, *bucket);
+    log_debug(LD_NET,"%s now %d.", name, *bucket);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2534,7 +2702,7 @@ connection_bucket_should_increase(int bucket, or_connection_t *conn)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
+  if (conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
     return 0; /* only open connections play the rate limiting game */
   if (bucket >= conn->bandwidthburst)
     return 0;
@@ -2672,11 +2840,14 @@ connection_handle_read_impl(connection_t *conn)
   before = buf_datalen(conn->inbuf);
   if (connection_read_to_buf(conn, &max_to_read, &socket_error) < 0) {
     /* There's a read error; kill the connection.*/
-    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR &&
-        conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING) {
-      connection_or_connect_failed(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
-                                   errno_to_orconn_end_reason(socket_error),
-                                   tor_socket_strerror(socket_error));
+    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
+      connection_or_notify_error(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
+                                 socket_error != 0 ?
+                                   errno_to_orconn_end_reason(socket_error) :
+                                   END_OR_CONN_REASON_CONNRESET,
+                                 socket_error != 0 ?
+                                   tor_socket_strerror(socket_error) :
+                                   "(unknown, errno was 0)");
     }
     if (CONN_IS_EDGE(conn)) {
       edge_connection_t *edge_conn = TO_EDGE_CONN(conn);
@@ -2687,7 +2858,11 @@ connection_handle_read_impl(connection_t *conn)
       }
     }
     connection_close_immediate(conn); /* Don't flush; connection is dead. */
-    connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+    /*
+     * This can bypass normal channel checking since we did
+     * connection_or_notify_error() above.
+     */
+    connection_mark_for_close_internal(conn);
     return -1;
   }
   n_read += buf_datalen(conn->inbuf) - before;
@@ -3181,6 +3356,7 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
   ssize_t max_to_write;
   time_t now = approx_time();
   size_t n_read = 0, n_written = 0;
+  int dont_stop_writing = 0;
 
   tor_assert(!connection_is_listener(conn));
 
@@ -3211,12 +3387,16 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
         if (CONN_IS_EDGE(conn))
           connection_edge_end_errno(TO_EDGE_CONN(conn));
         if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR)
-          connection_or_connect_failed(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
-                                       errno_to_orconn_end_reason(e),
-                                       tor_socket_strerror(e));
+          connection_or_notify_error(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
+                                     errno_to_orconn_end_reason(e),
+                                     tor_socket_strerror(e));
 
         connection_close_immediate(conn);
-        connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+        /*
+         * This can bypass normal channel checking since we did
+         * connection_or_notify_error() above.
+         */
+        connection_mark_for_close_internal(conn);
         return -1;
       } else {
         return 0; /* no change, see if next time is better */
@@ -3233,13 +3413,22 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
   if (connection_speaks_cells(conn) &&
       conn->state > OR_CONN_STATE_PROXY_HANDSHAKING) {
     or_connection_t *or_conn = TO_OR_CONN(conn);
+    size_t initial_size;
     if (conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING ||
         conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING) {
       connection_stop_writing(conn);
       if (connection_tls_continue_handshake(or_conn) < 0) {
         /* Don't flush; connection is dead. */
+        connection_or_notify_error(or_conn,
+                                   END_OR_CONN_REASON_MISC,
+                                   "TLS error in connection_tls_"
+                                   "continue_handshake()");
         connection_close_immediate(conn);
-        connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+        /*
+         * This can bypass normal channel checking since we did
+         * connection_or_notify_error() above.
+         */
+        connection_mark_for_close_internal(conn);
         return -1;
       }
       return 0;
@@ -3248,29 +3437,39 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
     }
 
     /* else open, or closing */
+    initial_size = buf_datalen(conn->outbuf);
     result = flush_buf_tls(or_conn->tls, conn->outbuf,
                            max_to_write, &conn->outbuf_flushlen);
 
-    /* If we just flushed the last bytes, check if this tunneled dir
-     * request is done. */
+    /* If we just flushed the last bytes, tell the channel on the
+     * or_conn to check if it needs to geoip_change_dirreq_state() */
     /* XXXX move this to flushed_some or finished_flushing -NM */
-    if (buf_datalen(conn->outbuf) == 0 && conn->dirreq_id)
-      geoip_change_dirreq_state(conn->dirreq_id, DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
-                                DIRREQ_OR_CONN_BUFFER_FLUSHED);
+    if (buf_datalen(conn->outbuf) == 0 && or_conn->chan)
+      channel_notify_flushed(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan));
 
     switch (result) {
       CASE_TOR_TLS_ERROR_ANY:
       case TOR_TLS_CLOSE:
-        log_info(LD_NET,result!=TOR_TLS_CLOSE?
+        log_info(LD_NET, result != TOR_TLS_CLOSE ?
                  "tls error. breaking.":"TLS connection closed on flush");
         /* Don't flush; connection is dead. */
+        connection_or_notify_error(or_conn,
+                                   END_OR_CONN_REASON_MISC,
+                                   result != TOR_TLS_CLOSE ?
+                                     "TLS error in during flush" :
+                                     "TLS closed during flush");
         connection_close_immediate(conn);
-        connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+        /*
+         * This can bypass normal channel checking since we did
+         * connection_or_notify_error() above.
+         */
+        connection_mark_for_close_internal(conn);
         return -1;
       case TOR_TLS_WANTWRITE:
         log_debug(LD_NET,"wanted write.");
         /* we're already writing */
-        return 0;
+        dont_stop_writing = 1;
+        break;
       case TOR_TLS_WANTREAD:
         /* Make sure to avoid a loop if the receive buckets are empty. */
         log_debug(LD_NET,"wanted read.");
@@ -3292,6 +3491,12 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
     tor_tls_get_n_raw_bytes(or_conn->tls, &n_read, &n_written);
     log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "After TLS write of %d: %ld read, %ld written",
               result, (long)n_read, (long)n_written);
+    /* So we notice bytes were written even on error */
+    /* XXXX024 This cast is safe since we can never write INT_MAX bytes in a
+     * single set of TLS operations. But it looks kinda ugly. If we refactor
+     * the *_buf_tls functions, we should make them return ssize_t or size_t
+     * or something. */
+    result = (int)(initial_size-buf_datalen(conn->outbuf));
   } else {
     CONN_LOG_PROTECT(conn,
              result = flush_buf(conn->s, conn->outbuf,
@@ -3299,6 +3504,10 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
     if (result < 0) {
       if (CONN_IS_EDGE(conn))
         connection_edge_end_errno(TO_EDGE_CONN(conn));
+      if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+        /* writing failed; we couldn't send a SOCKS reply if we wanted to */
+        TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request->has_finished = 1;
+      }
 
       connection_close_immediate(conn); /* Don't flush; connection is dead. */
       connection_mark_for_close(conn);
@@ -3322,11 +3531,24 @@ connection_handle_write_impl(connection_t *conn, int force)
   if (result > 0) {
     /* If we wrote any bytes from our buffer, then call the appropriate
      * functions. */
-    if (connection_flushed_some(conn) < 0)
-      connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+    if (connection_flushed_some(conn) < 0) {
+      if (connection_speaks_cells(conn)) {
+        connection_or_notify_error(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
+                                   END_OR_CONN_REASON_MISC,
+                                   "Got error back from "
+                                   "connection_flushed_some()");
+      }
+
+      /*
+       * This can bypass normal channel checking since we did
+       * connection_or_notify_error() above.
+       */
+      connection_mark_for_close_internal(conn);
+    }
   }
 
-  if (!connection_wants_to_flush(conn)) { /* it's done flushing */
+  if (!connection_wants_to_flush(conn) &&
+      !dont_stop_writing) { /* it's done flushing */
     if (connection_finished_flushing(conn) < 0) {
       /* already marked */
       return -1;
@@ -3375,13 +3597,6 @@ connection_flush(connection_t *conn)
   return connection_handle_write(conn, 1);
 }
 
-/** OpenSSL TLS record size is 16383; this is close. The goal here is to
- * push data out as soon as we know there's enough for a TLS record, so
- * during periods of high load we won't read entire megabytes from
- * input before pushing any data out. It also has the feature of not
- * growing huge outbufs unless something is slow. */
-#define MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN 15872
-
 /** Append <b>len</b> bytes of <b>string</b> onto <b>conn</b>'s
  * outbuf, and ask it to start writing.
  *
@@ -3390,13 +3605,12 @@ connection_flush(connection_t *conn)
  * negative, this is the last data to be compressed, and the connection's zlib
  * state should be flushed.
  *
- * If it's an OR conn and an entire TLS record is ready, then try to
- * flush the record now. Similarly, if it's a local control connection
- * and a 64k chunk is ready, try to flush it all, so we don't end up with
- * many megabytes of controller info queued at once.
+ * If it's a local control connection and a 64k chunk is ready, try to flush
+ * it all, so we don't end up with many megabytes of controller info queued at
+ * once.
  */
 void
-_connection_write_to_buf_impl(const char *string, size_t len,
+connection_write_to_buf_impl_(const char *string, size_t len,
                               connection_t *conn, int zlib)
 {
   /* XXXX This function really needs to return -1 on failure. */
@@ -3461,7 +3675,6 @@ _connection_write_to_buf_impl(const char *string, size_t len,
   if (zlib) {
     conn->outbuf_flushlen += buf_datalen(conn->outbuf) - old_datalen;
   } else {
-    ssize_t extra = 0;
     conn->outbuf_flushlen += len;
 
     /* Should we try flushing the outbuf now? */
@@ -3471,14 +3684,7 @@ _connection_write_to_buf_impl(const char *string, size_t len,
       return;
     }
 
-    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR &&
-        conn->outbuf_flushlen-len < MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN &&
-        conn->outbuf_flushlen >= MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN) {
-      /* We just pushed outbuf_flushlen to MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN or above;
-       * we can send out a full TLS frame now if we like. */
-      extra = conn->outbuf_flushlen - MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN;
-      conn->outbuf_flushlen = MIN_TLS_FLUSHLEN;
-    } else if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_CONTROL &&
+    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_CONTROL &&
                !connection_is_rate_limited(conn) &&
                conn->outbuf_flushlen-len < 1<<16 &&
                conn->outbuf_flushlen >= 1<<16) {
@@ -3498,10 +3704,6 @@ _connection_write_to_buf_impl(const char *string, size_t len,
       }
       return;
     }
-    if (extra) {
-      conn->outbuf_flushlen += extra;
-      connection_start_writing(conn);
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -3792,7 +3994,7 @@ client_check_address_changed(tor_socket_t sock)
   } else {
     /* The interface changed.  We're a client, so we need to regenerate our
      * keys.  First, reset the state. */
-    log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_NET, "Our IP address has changed.  Rotating keys...");
+    log_notice(LD_NET, "Our IP address has changed.  Rotating keys...");
     tor_addr_copy(*last_interface_ip_ptr, &iface_addr);
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(outgoing_addrs, tor_addr_t*, a_ptr, tor_free(a_ptr));
     smartlist_clear(outgoing_addrs);
@@ -3876,8 +4078,9 @@ connection_flushed_some(connection_t *conn)
   return r;
 }
 
-/** We just finished flushing bytes from conn-\>outbuf, and there
- * are no more bytes remaining.
+/** We just finished flushing bytes to the appropriately low network layer,
+ * and there are no more bytes remaining in conn-\>outbuf, conn-\>bev, or
+ * conn-\>tls to be flushed.
  *
  * This function just passes conn to the connection-specific
  * connection_*_finished_flushing() function.
@@ -3975,9 +4178,9 @@ connection_reached_eof(connection_t *conn)
 void
 connection_dump_buffer_mem_stats(int severity)
 {
-  uint64_t used_by_type[_CONN_TYPE_MAX+1];
-  uint64_t alloc_by_type[_CONN_TYPE_MAX+1];
-  int n_conns_by_type[_CONN_TYPE_MAX+1];
+  uint64_t used_by_type[CONN_TYPE_MAX_+1];
+  uint64_t alloc_by_type[CONN_TYPE_MAX_+1];
+  int n_conns_by_type[CONN_TYPE_MAX_+1];
   uint64_t total_alloc = 0;
   uint64_t total_used = 0;
   int i;
@@ -3999,19 +4202,19 @@ connection_dump_buffer_mem_stats(int severity)
       alloc_by_type[tp] += buf_allocation(c->outbuf);
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(c);
-  for (i=0; i <= _CONN_TYPE_MAX; ++i) {
+  for (i=0; i <= CONN_TYPE_MAX_; ++i) {
     total_used += used_by_type[i];
     total_alloc += alloc_by_type[i];
   }
 
-  log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
      "In buffers for %d connections: "U64_FORMAT" used/"U64_FORMAT" allocated",
       smartlist_len(conns),
       U64_PRINTF_ARG(total_used), U64_PRINTF_ARG(total_alloc));
-  for (i=_CONN_TYPE_MIN; i <= _CONN_TYPE_MAX; ++i) {
+  for (i=CONN_TYPE_MIN_; i <= CONN_TYPE_MAX_; ++i) {
     if (!n_conns_by_type[i])
       continue;
-    log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
         "  For %d %s connections: "U64_FORMAT" used/"U64_FORMAT" allocated",
         n_conns_by_type[i], conn_type_to_string(i),
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(used_by_type[i]), U64_PRINTF_ARG(alloc_by_type[i]));
@@ -4026,8 +4229,8 @@ assert_connection_ok(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
 {
   (void) now; /* XXXX unused. */
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->type >= _CONN_TYPE_MIN);
-  tor_assert(conn->type <= _CONN_TYPE_MAX);
+  tor_assert(conn->type >= CONN_TYPE_MIN_);
+  tor_assert(conn->type <= CONN_TYPE_MAX_);
 
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
   if (conn->bufev) {
@@ -4142,34 +4345,33 @@ assert_connection_ok(connection_t *conn, time_t now)
       tor_assert(conn->state == LISTENER_STATE_READY);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_OR:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _OR_CONN_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _OR_CONN_STATE_MAX);
-      tor_assert(TO_OR_CONN(conn)->n_circuits >= 0);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= OR_CONN_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= OR_CONN_STATE_MAX_);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_EXIT:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _EXIT_CONN_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _EXIT_CONN_STATE_MAX);
-      tor_assert(conn->purpose >= _EXIT_PURPOSE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->purpose <= _EXIT_PURPOSE_MAX);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= EXIT_CONN_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= EXIT_CONN_STATE_MAX_);
+      tor_assert(conn->purpose >= EXIT_PURPOSE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->purpose <= EXIT_PURPOSE_MAX_);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_AP:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _AP_CONN_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _AP_CONN_STATE_MAX);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= AP_CONN_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= AP_CONN_STATE_MAX_);
       tor_assert(TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_DIR:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _DIR_CONN_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _DIR_CONN_STATE_MAX);
-      tor_assert(conn->purpose >= _DIR_PURPOSE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->purpose <= _DIR_PURPOSE_MAX);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= DIR_CONN_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= DIR_CONN_STATE_MAX_);
+      tor_assert(conn->purpose >= DIR_PURPOSE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->purpose <= DIR_PURPOSE_MAX_);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_CPUWORKER:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _CPUWORKER_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _CPUWORKER_STATE_MAX);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= CPUWORKER_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= CPUWORKER_STATE_MAX_);
       break;
     case CONN_TYPE_CONTROL:
-      tor_assert(conn->state >= _CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MIN);
-      tor_assert(conn->state <= _CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MAX);
+      tor_assert(conn->state >= CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MIN_);
+      tor_assert(conn->state <= CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MAX_);
       break;
     default:
       tor_assert(0);
@@ -4253,10 +4455,10 @@ log_failed_proxy_connection(connection_t *conn)
     return; /* if we have no proxy set up, leave this function. */
 
   log_warn(LD_NET,
-           "The connection to the %s proxy server at %s:%u just failed. "
+           "The connection to the %s proxy server at %s just failed. "
            "Make sure that the proxy server is up and running.",
-           proxy_type_to_string(get_proxy_type()), fmt_addr(&proxy_addr),
-           proxy_port);
+           proxy_type_to_string(get_proxy_type()),
+           fmt_addrport(&proxy_addr, proxy_port));
 }
 
 /** Return string representation of <b>proxy_type</b>. */
@@ -4274,7 +4476,7 @@ proxy_type_to_string(int proxy_type)
   return NULL; /*Unreached*/
 }
 
-/** Call _connection_free() on every connection in our array, and release all
+/** Call connection_free_() on every connection in our array, and release all
  * storage held by connection.c. This is used by cpuworkers and dnsworkers
  * when they fork, so they don't keep resources held open (especially
  * sockets).
@@ -4300,7 +4502,7 @@ connection_free_all(void)
   /* Clear out our list of broken connections */
   clear_broken_connection_map(0);
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(conns, connection_t *, conn, _connection_free(conn));
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(conns, connection_t *, conn, connection_free_(conn));
 
   if (outgoing_addrs) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(outgoing_addrs, tor_addr_t *, addr, tor_free(addr));
@@ -4308,6 +4510,9 @@ connection_free_all(void)
     outgoing_addrs = NULL;
   }
 
+  tor_free(last_interface_ipv4);
+  tor_free(last_interface_ipv6);
+
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
   if (global_rate_limit)
     bufferevent_rate_limit_group_free(global_rate_limit);
diff --git a/src/or/connection.h b/src/or/connection.h
index 785625e44b..c78fe6e652 100644
--- a/src/or/connection.h
+++ b/src/or/connection.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for connection.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONNECTION_H
-#define _TOR_CONNECTION_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONNECTION_H
+#define TOR_CONNECTION_H
 
 /* XXXX For buf_datalen in inline function */
 #include "buffers.h"
@@ -31,25 +31,57 @@ void connection_free(connection_t *conn);
 void connection_free_all(void);
 void connection_about_to_close_connection(connection_t *conn);
 void connection_close_immediate(connection_t *conn);
-void _connection_mark_for_close(connection_t *conn,int line, const char *file);
+void connection_mark_for_close_(connection_t *conn,
+                                int line, const char *file);
+void connection_mark_for_close_internal_(connection_t *conn,
+                                         int line, const char *file);
 
 #define connection_mark_for_close(c) \
-  _connection_mark_for_close((c), __LINE__, _SHORT_FILE_)
+  connection_mark_for_close_((c), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
+#define connection_mark_for_close_internal(c) \
+  connection_mark_for_close_internal_((c), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
 
 /**
  * Mark 'c' for close, but try to hold it open until all the data is written.
+ * Use the _internal versions of connection_mark_for_close; this should be
+ * called when you either are sure that if this is an or_connection_t the
+ * controlling channel has been notified (e.g. with
+ * connection_or_notify_error()), or you actually are the
+ * connection_or_close_for_error() or connection_or_close_normally function.
+ * For all other cases, use connection_mark_and_flush() instead, which
+ * checks for or_connection_t properly, instead.  See below.
  */
-#define _connection_mark_and_flush(c,line,file)                         \
-  do {                                                                  \
-    connection_t *tmp_conn_ = (c);                                      \
-    _connection_mark_for_close(tmp_conn_, (line), (file));              \
-    tmp_conn_->hold_open_until_flushed = 1;                             \
-    IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(tmp_conn_,                                       \
-                       connection_start_writing(tmp_conn_));            \
+#define connection_mark_and_flush_internal_(c,line,file)                  \
+  do {                                                                    \
+    connection_t *tmp_conn_ = (c);                                        \
+    connection_mark_for_close_internal_(tmp_conn_, (line), (file));       \
+    tmp_conn_->hold_open_until_flushed = 1;                               \
+    IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(tmp_conn_,                                         \
+                       connection_start_writing(tmp_conn_));              \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define connection_mark_and_flush_internal(c)            \
+  connection_mark_and_flush_internal_((c), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
+
+/**
+ * Mark 'c' for close, but try to hold it open until all the data is written.
+ */
+#define connection_mark_and_flush_(c,line,file)                           \
+  do {                                                                    \
+    connection_t *tmp_conn_ = (c);                                        \
+    if (tmp_conn_->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {                                \
+      log_warn(LD_CHANNEL | LD_BUG,                                       \
+               "Something tried to close (and flush) an or_connection_t"  \
+               " without going through channels at %s:%d",                \
+               file, line);                                               \
+      connection_or_close_for_error(TO_OR_CONN(tmp_conn_), 1);            \
+    } else {                                                              \
+      connection_mark_and_flush_internal_(c, line, file);                 \
+    }                                                                     \
   } while (0)
 
 #define connection_mark_and_flush(c)            \
-  _connection_mark_and_flush((c), __LINE__, _SHORT_FILE_)
+  connection_mark_and_flush_((c), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
 
 void connection_expire_held_open(void);
 
@@ -90,7 +122,7 @@ int connection_outbuf_too_full(connection_t *conn);
 int connection_handle_write(connection_t *conn, int force);
 int connection_flush(connection_t *conn);
 
-void _connection_write_to_buf_impl(const char *string, size_t len,
+void connection_write_to_buf_impl_(const char *string, size_t len,
                                    connection_t *conn, int zlib);
 /* DOCDOC connection_write_to_buf */
 static void connection_write_to_buf(const char *string, size_t len,
@@ -101,13 +133,13 @@ static void connection_write_to_buf_zlib(const char *string, size_t len,
 static INLINE void
 connection_write_to_buf(const char *string, size_t len, connection_t *conn)
 {
-  _connection_write_to_buf_impl(string, len, conn, 0);
+  connection_write_to_buf_impl_(string, len, conn, 0);
 }
 static INLINE void
 connection_write_to_buf_zlib(const char *string, size_t len,
                              dir_connection_t *conn, int done)
 {
-  _connection_write_to_buf_impl(string, len, TO_CONN(conn), done ? -1 : 1);
+  connection_write_to_buf_impl_(string, len, TO_CONN(conn), done ? -1 : 1);
 }
 
 /* DOCDOC connection_get_inbuf_len */
diff --git a/src/or/connection_edge.c b/src/or/connection_edge.c
index 362ad9af95..895c0f7f01 100644
--- a/src/or/connection_edge.c
+++ b/src/or/connection_edge.c
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
  * \file connection_edge.c
  * \brief Handle edge streams.
  **/
+#define CONNECTION_EDGE_PRIVATE
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
 #include "config.h"
@@ -33,6 +36,8 @@
 #include "rephist.h"
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+#include "circuitbuild.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_TYPES_H
 #include <linux/types.h>
@@ -54,17 +59,20 @@
 static int connection_ap_handshake_process_socks(entry_connection_t *conn);
 static int connection_ap_process_natd(entry_connection_t *conn);
 static int connection_exit_connect_dir(edge_connection_t *exitconn);
-static int address_is_in_virtual_range(const char *addr);
 static int consider_plaintext_ports(entry_connection_t *conn, uint16_t port);
-static void clear_trackexithost_mappings(const char *exitname);
 static int connection_ap_supports_optimistic_data(const entry_connection_t *);
+static void connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved_addr(
+                                            entry_connection_t *conn,
+                                            const tor_addr_t *answer,
+                                            int ttl,
+                                            time_t expires);
 
 /** An AP stream has failed/finished. If it hasn't already sent back
  * a socks reply, send one now (based on endreason). Also set
  * has_sent_end to 1, and mark the conn.
  */
 void
-_connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
+connection_mark_unattached_ap_(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
                                int line, const char *file)
 {
   connection_t *base_conn = ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn);
@@ -87,7 +95,7 @@ _connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
 
   if (base_conn->marked_for_close) {
     /* This call will warn as appropriate. */
-    _connection_mark_for_close(base_conn, line, file);
+    connection_mark_for_close_(base_conn, line, file);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -107,7 +115,7 @@ _connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
       conn->socks_request->has_finished = 1;
   }
 
-  _connection_mark_and_flush(base_conn, line, file);
+  connection_mark_and_flush_(base_conn, line, file);
 
   ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(conn)->end_reason = endreason;
 }
@@ -122,12 +130,13 @@ connection_edge_reached_eof(edge_connection_t *conn)
     /* it still has stuff to process. don't let it die yet. */
     return 0;
   }
-  log_info(LD_EDGE,"conn (fd %d) reached eof. Closing.", conn->_base.s);
-  if (!conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+  log_info(LD_EDGE,"conn (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") reached eof. Closing.",
+           conn->base_.s);
+  if (!conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
     /* only mark it if not already marked. it's possible to
      * get the 'end' right around when the client hangs up on us. */
     connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_DONE);
-    if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+    if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
       /* eof, so don't send a socks reply back */
       if (EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request)
         EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)->socks_request->has_finished = 1;
@@ -152,7 +161,7 @@ connection_edge_process_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case AP_CONN_STATE_SOCKS_WAIT:
       if (connection_ap_handshake_process_socks(EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn)) <0) {
         /* already marked */
@@ -178,7 +187,7 @@ connection_edge_process_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial)
         log_info(LD_EDGE,
                  "data from edge while in '%s' state. Sending it anyway. "
                  "package_partial=%d, buflen=%ld",
-                 conn_state_to_string(conn->_base.type, conn->_base.state),
+                 conn_state_to_string(conn->base_.type, conn->base_.state),
                  package_partial,
                  (long)connection_get_inbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)));
         if (connection_edge_package_raw_inbuf(conn, package_partial, NULL)<0) {
@@ -197,10 +206,10 @@ connection_edge_process_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial)
     case AP_CONN_STATE_CONTROLLER_WAIT:
       log_info(LD_EDGE,
                "data from edge while in '%s' state. Leaving it on buffer.",
-               conn_state_to_string(conn->_base.type, conn->_base.state));
+               conn_state_to_string(conn->base_.type, conn->base_.state));
       return 0;
   }
-  log_warn(LD_BUG,"Got unexpected state %d. Closing.",conn->_base.state);
+  log_warn(LD_BUG,"Got unexpected state %d. Closing.",conn->base_.state);
   tor_fragile_assert();
   connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL);
   connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
@@ -213,10 +222,10 @@ connection_edge_process_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial)
 int
 connection_edge_destroy(circid_t circ_id, edge_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  if (!conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
-    log_info(LD_EDGE,
-             "CircID %d: At an edge. Marking connection for close.", circ_id);
-    if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+  if (!conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
+    log_info(LD_EDGE, "CircID %u: At an edge. Marking connection for close.",
+             (unsigned) circ_id);
+    if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
       entry_connection_t *entry_conn = EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
       connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_DESTROY);
       control_event_stream_bandwidth(conn);
@@ -280,10 +289,10 @@ connection_edge_end(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t reason)
     return -1;
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+  if (conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,
              "called on conn that's already marked for close at %s:%d.",
-             conn->_base.marked_for_close_file, conn->_base.marked_for_close);
+             conn->base_.marked_for_close_file, conn->base_.marked_for_close);
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -299,11 +308,11 @@ connection_edge_end(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t reason)
   if (reason == END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY &&
       !connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(conn)) {
     int addrlen;
-    if (tor_addr_family(&conn->_base.addr) == AF_INET) {
-      set_uint32(payload+1, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conn->_base.addr));
+    if (tor_addr_family(&conn->base_.addr) == AF_INET) {
+      set_uint32(payload+1, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conn->base_.addr));
       addrlen = 4;
     } else {
-      memcpy(payload+1, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&conn->_base.addr), 16);
+      memcpy(payload+1, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&conn->base_.addr), 16);
       addrlen = 16;
     }
     set_uint32(payload+1+addrlen, htonl(dns_clip_ttl(conn->address_ttl)));
@@ -311,12 +320,14 @@ connection_edge_end(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t reason)
   }
 
   if (circ && !circ->marked_for_close) {
-    log_debug(LD_EDGE,"Sending end on conn (fd %d).",conn->_base.s);
+    log_debug(LD_EDGE,"Sending end on conn (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT").",
+              conn->base_.s);
     connection_edge_send_command(conn, RELAY_COMMAND_END,
                                  payload, payload_len);
   } else {
-    log_debug(LD_EDGE,"No circ to send end on conn (fd %d).",
-              conn->_base.s);
+    log_debug(LD_EDGE,"No circ to send end on conn "
+              "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT").",
+              conn->base_.s);
   }
 
   conn->edge_has_sent_end = 1;
@@ -333,7 +344,7 @@ connection_edge_end_errno(edge_connection_t *conn)
 {
   uint8_t reason;
   tor_assert(conn);
-  reason = errno_to_stream_end_reason(tor_socket_errno(conn->_base.s));
+  reason = errno_to_stream_end_reason(tor_socket_errno(conn->base_.s));
   return connection_edge_end(conn, reason);
 }
 
@@ -345,7 +356,7 @@ connection_edge_end_errno(edge_connection_t *conn)
 int
 connection_edge_flushed_some(edge_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
     case EXIT_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
       connection_edge_consider_sending_sendme(conn);
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@ connection_edge_finished_flushing(edge_connection_t *conn)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
     case EXIT_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
       connection_edge_consider_sending_sendme(conn);
@@ -383,13 +394,55 @@ connection_edge_finished_flushing(edge_connection_t *conn)
     case AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT:
       return 0;
     default:
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called in unexpected state %d.",conn->_base.state);
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called in unexpected state %d.",conn->base_.state);
       tor_fragile_assert();
       return -1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Longest size for the relay payload of a RELAY_CONNECTED cell that we're
+ * able to generate. */
+/* 4 zero bytes; 1 type byte; 16 byte IPv6 address; 4 byte TTL. */
+#define MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN 25
+
+/** Set the buffer at <b>payload_out</b> -- which must have at least
+ * MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN bytes available -- to the body of a
+ * RELAY_CONNECTED cell indicating that we have connected to <b>addr</b>, and
+ * that the name resolution that led us to <b>addr</b> will be valid for
+ * <b>ttl</b> seconds. Return -1 on error, or the number of bytes used on
+ * success. */
+/* private */int
+connected_cell_format_payload(uint8_t *payload_out,
+                              const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                              uint32_t ttl)
+{
+  const sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(addr);
+  int connected_payload_len;
+
+  /* should be needless */
+  memset(payload_out, 0, MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN);
+
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    set_uint32(payload_out, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(addr));
+    connected_payload_len = 4;
+  } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+    set_uint32(payload_out, 0);
+    set_uint8(payload_out + 4, 6);
+    memcpy(payload_out + 5, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(addr), 16);
+    connected_payload_len = 21;
+  } else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  set_uint32(payload_out + connected_payload_len, htonl(dns_clip_ttl(ttl)));
+  connected_payload_len += 4;
+
+  tor_assert(connected_payload_len <= MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN);
+
+  return connected_payload_len;
+}
+
 /** Connected handler for exit connections: start writing pending
  * data, deliver 'CONNECTED' relay cells as appropriate, and check
  * any pending data that may have been received. */
@@ -399,13 +452,13 @@ connection_edge_finished_connecting(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
   connection_t *conn;
 
   tor_assert(edge_conn);
-  tor_assert(edge_conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
+  tor_assert(edge_conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
   conn = TO_CONN(edge_conn);
   tor_assert(conn->state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING);
 
   log_info(LD_EXIT,"Exit connection to %s:%u (%s) established.",
            escaped_safe_str(conn->address), conn->port,
-           safe_str(fmt_addr(&conn->addr)));
+           safe_str(fmt_and_decorate_addr(&conn->addr)));
 
   rep_hist_note_exit_stream_opened(conn->port);
 
@@ -421,22 +474,16 @@ connection_edge_finished_connecting(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
                                      RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED, NULL, 0) < 0)
       return 0; /* circuit is closed, don't continue */
   } else {
-    char connected_payload[20];
-    int connected_payload_len;
-    if (tor_addr_family(&conn->addr) == AF_INET) {
-      set_uint32(connected_payload, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conn->addr));
-      set_uint32(connected_payload+4,
-                 htonl(dns_clip_ttl(edge_conn->address_ttl)));
-      connected_payload_len = 8;
-    } else {
-      memcpy(connected_payload, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&conn->addr), 16);
-      set_uint32(connected_payload+16,
-                 htonl(dns_clip_ttl(edge_conn->address_ttl)));
-      connected_payload_len = 20;
-    }
+    uint8_t connected_payload[MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN];
+    int connected_payload_len =
+      connected_cell_format_payload(connected_payload, &conn->addr,
+                                    edge_conn->address_ttl);
+    if (connected_payload_len < 0)
+      return -1;
+
     if (connection_edge_send_command(edge_conn,
-                                 RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
-                                 connected_payload, connected_payload_len) < 0)
+                        RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                        (char*)connected_payload, connected_payload_len) < 0)
       return 0; /* circuit is closed, don't continue */
   }
   tor_assert(edge_conn->package_window > 0);
@@ -600,12 +647,27 @@ connection_ap_expire_beginning(void)
                " '%s.onion'.",
                seconds_idle,
                safe_str_client(entry_conn->socks_request->address));
+        /* Roll back path bias use state so that we probe the circuit
+         * if nothing else succeeds on it */
+        pathbias_mark_use_rollback(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
+
         connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT);
         connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT);
       }
       continue;
     }
-    tor_assert(circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL);
+    if (circ->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL &&
+        circ->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT &&
+        circ->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "circuit->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL failed. "
+               "The purpose on the circuit was %s; it was in state %s, "
+               "path_state %s.",
+               circuit_purpose_to_string(circ->purpose),
+               circuit_state_to_string(circ->state),
+               CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) ?
+                pathbias_state_to_string(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->path_state) :
+                "none");
+    }
     log_fn(cutoff < 15 ? LOG_INFO : severity, LD_APP,
            "We tried for %d seconds to connect to '%s' using exit %s."
            " Retrying on a new circuit.",
@@ -619,14 +681,12 @@ connection_ap_expire_beginning(void)
     /* un-mark it as ending, since we're going to reuse it */
     conn->edge_has_sent_end = 0;
     conn->end_reason = 0;
-    /* kludge to make us not try this circuit again, yet to allow
-     * current streams on it to survive if they can: make it
-     * unattractive to use for new streams */
-    /* XXXX024 this is a kludgy way to do this. */
-    tor_assert(circ->timestamp_dirty);
-    circ->timestamp_dirty -= options->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+    /* make us not try this circuit again, but allow
+     * current streams on it to survive if they can */
+    mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
+
     /* give our stream another 'cutoff' seconds to try */
-    conn->_base.timestamp_lastread += cutoff;
+    conn->base_.timestamp_lastread += cutoff;
     if (entry_conn->num_socks_retries < 250) /* avoid overflow */
       entry_conn->num_socks_retries++;
     /* move it back into 'pending' state, and try to attach. */
@@ -752,7 +812,7 @@ circuit_discard_optional_exit_enclaves(extend_info_t *info)
 /** The AP connection <b>conn</b> has just failed while attaching or
  * sending a BEGIN or resolving on <b>circ</b>, but another circuit
  * might work. Detach the circuit, and either reattach it, launch a
- * new circuit, tell the controller, or give up as a appropriate.
+ * new circuit, tell the controller, or give up as appropriate.
  *
  * Returns -1 on err, 1 on success, 0 on not-yet-sure.
  */
@@ -764,6 +824,10 @@ connection_ap_detach_retriable(entry_connection_t *conn,
   control_event_stream_status(conn, STREAM_EVENT_FAILED_RETRIABLE, reason);
   ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->timestamp_lastread = time(NULL);
 
+  /* Roll back path bias use state so that we probe the circuit
+   * if nothing else succeeds on it */
+  pathbias_mark_use_rollback(circ);
+
   if (conn->pending_optimistic_data) {
     generic_buffer_set_to_copy(&conn->sending_optimistic_data,
                                conn->pending_optimistic_data);
@@ -782,957 +846,16 @@ connection_ap_detach_retriable(entry_connection_t *conn,
   }
 }
 
-/** A client-side struct to remember requests to rewrite addresses
- * to new addresses. These structs are stored in the hash table
- * "addressmap" below.
- *
- * There are 5 ways to set an address mapping:
- * - A MapAddress command from the controller [permanent]
- * - An AddressMap directive in the torrc [permanent]
- * - When a TrackHostExits torrc directive is triggered [temporary]
- * - When a DNS resolve succeeds [temporary]
- * - When a DNS resolve fails [temporary]
- *
- * When an addressmap request is made but one is already registered,
- * the new one is replaced only if the currently registered one has
- * no "new_address" (that is, it's in the process of DNS resolve),
- * or if the new one is permanent (expires==0 or 1).
- *
- * (We overload the 'expires' field, using "0" for mappings set via
- * the configuration file, "1" for mappings set from the control
- * interface, and other values for DNS and TrackHostExit mappings that can
- * expire.)
- *
- * A mapping may be 'wildcarded'.  If "src_wildcard" is true, then
- * any address that ends with a . followed by the key for this entry will
- * get remapped by it.  If "dst_wildcard" is also true, then only the
- * matching suffix of such addresses will get replaced by new_address.
- */
-typedef struct {
-  char *new_address;
-  time_t expires;
-  addressmap_entry_source_t source:3;
-  unsigned src_wildcard:1;
-  unsigned dst_wildcard:1;
-  short num_resolve_failures;
-} addressmap_entry_t;
-
-/** Entry for mapping addresses to which virtual address we mapped them to. */
-typedef struct {
-  char *ipv4_address;
-  char *hostname_address;
-} virtaddress_entry_t;
-
-/** A hash table to store client-side address rewrite instructions. */
-static strmap_t *addressmap=NULL;
-/**
- * Table mapping addresses to which virtual address, if any, we
- * assigned them to.
- *
- * We maintain the following invariant: if [A,B] is in
- * virtaddress_reversemap, then B must be a virtual address, and [A,B]
- * must be in addressmap.  We do not require that the converse hold:
- * if it fails, then we could end up mapping two virtual addresses to
- * the same address, which is no disaster.
- **/
-static strmap_t *virtaddress_reversemap=NULL;
-
-/** Initialize addressmap. */
-void
-addressmap_init(void)
-{
-  addressmap = strmap_new();
-  virtaddress_reversemap = strmap_new();
-}
-
-/** Free the memory associated with the addressmap entry <b>_ent</b>. */
-static void
-addressmap_ent_free(void *_ent)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-  if (!_ent)
-    return;
-
-  ent = _ent;
-  tor_free(ent->new_address);
-  tor_free(ent);
-}
-
-/** Free storage held by a virtaddress_entry_t* entry in <b>ent</b>. */
-static void
-addressmap_virtaddress_ent_free(void *_ent)
-{
-  virtaddress_entry_t *ent;
-  if (!_ent)
-    return;
-
-  ent = _ent;
-  tor_free(ent->ipv4_address);
-  tor_free(ent->hostname_address);
-  tor_free(ent);
-}
-
-/** Free storage held by a virtaddress_entry_t* entry in <b>ent</b>. */
-static void
-addressmap_virtaddress_remove(const char *address, addressmap_entry_t *ent)
-{
-  if (ent && ent->new_address &&
-      address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address)) {
-    virtaddress_entry_t *ve =
-      strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, ent->new_address);
-    /*log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,"remove reverse mapping for %s",ent->new_address);*/
-    if (ve) {
-      if (!strcmp(address, ve->ipv4_address))
-        tor_free(ve->ipv4_address);
-      if (!strcmp(address, ve->hostname_address))
-        tor_free(ve->hostname_address);
-      if (!ve->ipv4_address && !ve->hostname_address) {
-        tor_free(ve);
-        strmap_remove(virtaddress_reversemap, ent->new_address);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/** Remove <b>ent</b> (which must be mapped to by <b>address</b>) from the
- * client address maps. */
-static void
-addressmap_ent_remove(const char *address, addressmap_entry_t *ent)
-{
-  addressmap_virtaddress_remove(address, ent);
-  addressmap_ent_free(ent);
-}
-
-/** Unregister all TrackHostExits mappings from any address to
- * *.exitname.exit. */
-static void
-clear_trackexithost_mappings(const char *exitname)
-{
-  char *suffix = NULL;
-  if (!addressmap || !exitname)
-    return;
-  tor_asprintf(&suffix, ".%s.exit", exitname);
-  tor_strlower(suffix);
-
-  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
-    if (ent->source == ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT &&
-        !strcmpend(ent->new_address, suffix)) {
-      addressmap_ent_remove(address, ent);
-      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(address);
-    }
-  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
-
-  tor_free(suffix);
-}
-
-/** Remove all TRACKEXIT mappings from the addressmap for which the target
- * host is unknown or no longer allowed, or for which the source address
- * is no longer in trackexithosts. */
-void
-addressmap_clear_excluded_trackexithosts(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  const routerset_t *allow_nodes = options->ExitNodes;
-  const routerset_t *exclude_nodes = options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion;
-
-  if (!addressmap)
-    return;
-  if (routerset_is_empty(allow_nodes))
-    allow_nodes = NULL;
-  if (allow_nodes == NULL && routerset_is_empty(exclude_nodes))
-    return;
-
-  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
-    size_t len;
-    const char *target = ent->new_address, *dot;
-    char *nodename;
-    const node_t *node;
-
-    if (!target) {
-      /* DNS resolving in progress */
-      continue;
-    } else if (strcmpend(target, ".exit")) {
-      /* Not a .exit mapping */
-      continue;
-    } else if (ent->source != ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT) {
-      /* Not a trackexit mapping. */
-      continue;
-    }
-    len = strlen(target);
-    if (len < 6)
-      continue; /* malformed. */
-    dot = target + len - 6; /* dot now points to just before .exit */
-    while (dot > target && *dot != '.')
-      dot--;
-    if (*dot == '.') dot++;
-    nodename = tor_strndup(dot, len-5-(dot-target));;
-    node = node_get_by_nickname(nodename, 0);
-    tor_free(nodename);
-    if (!node ||
-        (allow_nodes && !routerset_contains_node(allow_nodes, node)) ||
-        routerset_contains_node(exclude_nodes, node) ||
-        !hostname_in_track_host_exits(options, address)) {
-      /* We don't know this one, or we want to be rid of it. */
-      addressmap_ent_remove(address, ent);
-      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(address);
-    }
-  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
-}
-
-/** Remove all AUTOMAP mappings from the addressmap for which the
- * source address no longer matches AutomapHostsSuffixes, which is
- * no longer allowed by AutomapHostsOnResolve, or for which the
- * target address is no longer in the virtual network. */
-void
-addressmap_clear_invalid_automaps(const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  int clear_all = !options->AutomapHostsOnResolve;
-  const smartlist_t *suffixes = options->AutomapHostsSuffixes;
-
-  if (!addressmap)
-    return;
-
-  if (!suffixes)
-    clear_all = 1; /* This should be impossible, but let's be sure. */
-
-  STRMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(addressmap, src_address, addressmap_entry_t *, ent) {
-    int remove = clear_all;
-    if (ent->source != ADDRMAPSRC_AUTOMAP)
-      continue; /* not an automap mapping. */
-
-    if (!remove) {
-      int suffix_found = 0;
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(suffixes, const char *, suffix, {
-          if (!strcasecmpend(src_address, suffix)) {
-            suffix_found = 1;
-            break;
-          }
-      });
-      if (!suffix_found)
-        remove = 1;
-    }
-
-    if (!remove && ! address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address))
-      remove = 1;
-
-    if (remove) {
-      addressmap_ent_remove(src_address, ent);
-      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(src_address);
-    }
-  } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
-}
-
-/** Remove all entries from the addressmap that were set via the
- * configuration file or the command line. */
-void
-addressmap_clear_configured(void)
-{
-  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 0, 0, 0);
-}
-
-/** Remove all entries from the addressmap that are set to expire, ever. */
-void
-addressmap_clear_transient(void)
-{
-  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 2, TIME_MAX, 0);
-}
-
-/** Clean out entries from the addressmap cache that were
- * added long enough ago that they are no longer valid.
- */
-void
-addressmap_clean(time_t now)
-{
-  addressmap_get_mappings(NULL, 2, now, 0);
-}
-
-/** Free all the elements in the addressmap, and free the addressmap
- * itself. */
-void
-addressmap_free_all(void)
-{
-  strmap_free(addressmap, addressmap_ent_free);
-  addressmap = NULL;
-
-  strmap_free(virtaddress_reversemap, addressmap_virtaddress_ent_free);
-  virtaddress_reversemap = NULL;
-}
-
-/** Try to find a match for AddressMap expressions that use
- *  wildcard notation such as '*.c.d *.e.f' (so 'a.c.d' will map to 'a.e.f') or
- *  '*.c.d a.b.c' (so 'a.c.d' will map to a.b.c).
- *  Return the matching entry in AddressMap or NULL if no match is found.
- *  For expressions such as '*.c.d *.e.f', truncate <b>address</b> 'a.c.d'
- *  to 'a' before we return the matching AddressMap entry.
- *
- * This function does not handle the case where a pattern of the form "*.c.d"
- * matches the address c.d -- that's done by the main addressmap_rewrite
- * function.
- */
-static addressmap_entry_t *
-addressmap_match_superdomains(char *address)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *val;
-  char *cp;
-
-  cp = address;
-  while ((cp = strchr(cp, '.'))) {
-    /* cp now points to a suffix of address that begins with a . */
-    val = strmap_get_lc(addressmap, cp+1);
-    if (val && val->src_wildcard) {
-      if (val->dst_wildcard)
-        *cp = '\0';
-      return val;
-    }
-    ++cp;
-  }
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Look at address, and rewrite it until it doesn't want any
- * more rewrites; but don't get into an infinite loop.
- * Don't write more than maxlen chars into address.  Return true if the
- * address changed; false otherwise.  Set *<b>expires_out</b> to the
- * expiry time of the result, or to <b>time_max</b> if the result does
- * not expire.
- *
- * If <b>exit_source_out</b> is non-null, we set it as follows.  If we the
- * address starts out as a non-exit address, and we remap it to an .exit
- * address at any point, then set *<b>exit_source_out</b> to the
- * address_entry_source_t of the first such rule.  Set *<b>exit_source_out</b>
- * to ADDRMAPSRC_NONE if there is no such rewrite, or if the original address
- * was a .exit.
- */
-int
-addressmap_rewrite(char *address, size_t maxlen, time_t *expires_out,
-                   addressmap_entry_source_t *exit_source_out)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-  int rewrites;
-  time_t expires = TIME_MAX;
-  addressmap_entry_source_t exit_source = ADDRMAPSRC_NONE;
-  char *addr_orig = tor_strdup(address);
-  char *log_addr_orig = NULL;
-
-  for (rewrites = 0; rewrites < 16; rewrites++) {
-    int exact_match = 0;
-    log_addr_orig = tor_strdup(escaped_safe_str_client(address));
-
-    ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
-
-    if (!ent || !ent->new_address) {
-      ent = addressmap_match_superdomains(address);
-    } else {
-      if (ent->src_wildcard && !ent->dst_wildcard &&
-          !strcasecmp(address, ent->new_address)) {
-        /* This is a rule like *.example.com example.com, and we just got
-         * "example.com" */
-        goto done;
-      }
-
-      exact_match = 1;
-    }
-
-    if (!ent || !ent->new_address) {
-      goto done;
-    }
-
-    if (ent->dst_wildcard && !exact_match) {
-      strlcat(address, ".", maxlen);
-      strlcat(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
-    } else {
-      strlcpy(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
-    }
-
-    if (!strcmpend(address, ".exit") &&
-        strcmpend(addr_orig, ".exit") &&
-        exit_source == ADDRMAPSRC_NONE) {
-      exit_source = ent->source;
-    }
-
-    log_info(LD_APP, "Addressmap: rewriting %s to %s",
-             log_addr_orig, escaped_safe_str_client(address));
-    if (ent->expires > 1 && ent->expires < expires)
-      expires = ent->expires;
-
-    tor_free(log_addr_orig);
-  }
-  log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-           "Loop detected: we've rewritten %s 16 times! Using it as-is.",
-           escaped_safe_str_client(address));
-  /* it's fine to rewrite a rewrite, but don't loop forever */
-
- done:
-  tor_free(addr_orig);
-  tor_free(log_addr_orig);
-  if (exit_source_out)
-    *exit_source_out = exit_source;
-  if (expires_out)
-    *expires_out = TIME_MAX;
-  return (rewrites > 0);
-}
-
-/** If we have a cached reverse DNS entry for the address stored in the
- * <b>maxlen</b>-byte buffer <b>address</b> (typically, a dotted quad) then
- * rewrite to the cached value and return 1.  Otherwise return 0.  Set
- * *<b>expires_out</b> to the expiry time of the result, or to <b>time_max</b>
- * if the result does not expire. */
-static int
-addressmap_rewrite_reverse(char *address, size_t maxlen, time_t *expires_out)
-{
-  char *s, *cp;
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-  int r = 0;
-  tor_asprintf(&s, "REVERSE[%s]", address);
-  ent = strmap_get(addressmap, s);
-  if (ent) {
-    cp = tor_strdup(escaped_safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
-    log_info(LD_APP, "Rewrote reverse lookup %s -> %s",
-             escaped_safe_str_client(s), cp);
-    tor_free(cp);
-    strlcpy(address, ent->new_address, maxlen);
-    r = 1;
-  }
-
-  if (expires_out)
-    *expires_out = (ent && ent->expires > 1) ? ent->expires : TIME_MAX;
-
-  tor_free(s);
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if <b>address</b> is already registered, else return 0. If address
- * is already registered, and <b>update_expires</b> is non-zero, then update
- * the expiry time on the mapping with update_expires if it is a
- * mapping created by TrackHostExits. */
-int
-addressmap_have_mapping(const char *address, int update_expiry)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-  if (!(ent=strmap_get_lc(addressmap, address)))
-    return 0;
-  if (update_expiry && ent->source==ADDRMAPSRC_TRACKEXIT)
-    ent->expires=time(NULL) + update_expiry;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/** Register a request to map <b>address</b> to <b>new_address</b>,
- * which will expire on <b>expires</b> (or 0 if never expires from
- * config file, 1 if never expires from controller, 2 if never expires
- * (virtual address mapping) from the controller.)
- *
- * <b>new_address</b> should be a newly dup'ed string, which we'll use or
- * free as appropriate. We will leave address alone.
- *
- * If <b>wildcard_addr</b> is true, then the mapping will match any address
- * equal to <b>address</b>, or any address ending with a period followed by
- * <b>address</b>.  If <b>wildcard_addr</b> and <b>wildcard_new_addr</b> are
- * both true, the mapping will rewrite addresses that end with
- * ".<b>address</b>" into ones that end with ".<b>new_address</b>."
- *
- * If <b>new_address</b> is NULL, or <b>new_address</b> is equal to
- * <b>address</b> and <b>wildcard_addr</b> is equal to
- * <b>wildcard_new_addr</b>, remove any mappings that exist from
- * <b>address</b>.
- *
- *
- * It is an error to set <b>wildcard_new_addr</b> if <b>wildcard_addr</b> is
- * not set. */
-void
-addressmap_register(const char *address, char *new_address, time_t expires,
-                    addressmap_entry_source_t source,
-                    const int wildcard_addr,
-                    const int wildcard_new_addr)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-
-  if (wildcard_new_addr)
-    tor_assert(wildcard_addr);
-
-  ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
-  if (!new_address || (!strcasecmp(address,new_address) &&
-                       wildcard_addr == wildcard_new_addr)) {
-    /* Remove the mapping, if any. */
-    tor_free(new_address);
-    if (ent) {
-      addressmap_ent_remove(address,ent);
-      strmap_remove(addressmap, address);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!ent) { /* make a new one and register it */
-    ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(addressmap_entry_t));
-    strmap_set(addressmap, address, ent);
-  } else if (ent->new_address) { /* we need to clean up the old mapping. */
-    if (expires > 1) {
-      log_info(LD_APP,"Temporary addressmap ('%s' to '%s') not performed, "
-               "since it's already mapped to '%s'",
-      safe_str_client(address),
-      safe_str_client(new_address),
-      safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
-      tor_free(new_address);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (address_is_in_virtual_range(ent->new_address) &&
-        expires != 2) {
-      /* XXX This isn't the perfect test; we want to avoid removing
-       * mappings set from the control interface _as virtual mapping */
-      addressmap_virtaddress_remove(address, ent);
-    }
-    tor_free(ent->new_address);
-  } /* else { we have an in-progress resolve with no mapping. } */
-
-  ent->new_address = new_address;
-  ent->expires = expires==2 ? 1 : expires;
-  ent->num_resolve_failures = 0;
-  ent->source = source;
-  ent->src_wildcard = wildcard_addr ? 1 : 0;
-  ent->dst_wildcard = wildcard_new_addr ? 1 : 0;
-
-  log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Addressmap: (re)mapped '%s' to '%s'",
-           safe_str_client(address),
-           safe_str_client(ent->new_address));
-  control_event_address_mapped(address, ent->new_address, expires, NULL);
-}
-
-/** An attempt to resolve <b>address</b> failed at some OR.
- * Increment the number of resolve failures we have on record
- * for it, and then return that number.
- */
-int
-client_dns_incr_failures(const char *address)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
-  if (!ent) {
-    ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(addressmap_entry_t));
-    ent->expires = time(NULL) + MAX_DNS_ENTRY_AGE;
-    strmap_set(addressmap,address,ent);
-  }
-  if (ent->num_resolve_failures < SHORT_MAX)
-    ++ent->num_resolve_failures; /* don't overflow */
-  log_info(LD_APP, "Address %s now has %d resolve failures.",
-           safe_str_client(address),
-           ent->num_resolve_failures);
-  return ent->num_resolve_failures;
-}
-
-/** If <b>address</b> is in the client DNS addressmap, reset
- * the number of resolve failures we have on record for it.
- * This is used when we fail a stream because it won't resolve:
- * otherwise future attempts on that address will only try once.
- */
-void
-client_dns_clear_failures(const char *address)
-{
-  addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, address);
-  if (ent)
-    ent->num_resolve_failures = 0;
-}
-
-/** Record the fact that <b>address</b> resolved to <b>name</b>.
- * We can now use this in subsequent streams via addressmap_rewrite()
- * so we can more correctly choose an exit that will allow <b>address</b>.
- *
- * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
- * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
- *
- * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
- * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
- */
-static void
-client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(const char *address, const char *name,
-                               const char *exitname,
-                               int ttl)
-{
-  /* <address>.<hex or nickname>.exit\0  or just  <address>\0 */
-  char extendedaddress[MAX_SOCKS_ADDR_LEN+MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+10];
-  /* 123.123.123.123.<hex or nickname>.exit\0  or just  123.123.123.123\0 */
-  char extendedval[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+10];
-
-  tor_assert(address);
-  tor_assert(name);
-
-  if (ttl<0)
-    ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL;
-  else
-    ttl = dns_clip_ttl(ttl);
-
-  if (exitname) {
-    /* XXXX fails to ever get attempts to get an exit address of
-     * google.com.digest[=~]nickname.exit; we need a syntax for this that
-     * won't make strict RFC952-compliant applications (like us) barf. */
-    tor_snprintf(extendedaddress, sizeof(extendedaddress),
-                 "%s.%s.exit", address, exitname);
-    tor_snprintf(extendedval, sizeof(extendedval),
-                 "%s.%s.exit", name, exitname);
-  } else {
-    tor_snprintf(extendedaddress, sizeof(extendedaddress),
-                 "%s", address);
-    tor_snprintf(extendedval, sizeof(extendedval),
-                 "%s", name);
-  }
-  addressmap_register(extendedaddress, tor_strdup(extendedval),
-                      time(NULL) + ttl, ADDRMAPSRC_DNS, 0, 0);
-}
-
-/** Record the fact that <b>address</b> resolved to <b>val</b>.
- * We can now use this in subsequent streams via addressmap_rewrite()
- * so we can more correctly choose an exit that will allow <b>address</b>.
- *
- * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
- * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
- *
- * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
- * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
- */
-void
-client_dns_set_addressmap(const char *address, uint32_t val,
-                          const char *exitname,
-                          int ttl)
-{
-  struct in_addr in;
-  char valbuf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN];
-
-  tor_assert(address);
-
-  if (tor_inet_aton(address, &in))
-    return; /* If address was an IP address already, don't add a mapping. */
-  in.s_addr = htonl(val);
-  tor_inet_ntoa(&in,valbuf,sizeof(valbuf));
-
-  client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(address, valbuf, exitname, ttl);
-}
-
-/** Add a cache entry noting that <b>address</b> (ordinarily a dotted quad)
- * resolved via a RESOLVE_PTR request to the hostname <b>v</b>.
- *
- * If <b>exitname</b> is defined, then append the addresses with
- * ".exitname.exit" before registering the mapping.
- *
- * If <b>ttl</b> is nonnegative, the mapping will be valid for
- * <b>ttl</b>seconds; otherwise, we use the default.
- */
-static void
-client_dns_set_reverse_addressmap(const char *address, const char *v,
-                                  const char *exitname,
-                                  int ttl)
-{
-  char *s = NULL;
-  tor_asprintf(&s, "REVERSE[%s]", address);
-  client_dns_set_addressmap_impl(s, v, exitname, ttl);
-  tor_free(s);
-}
-
-/* By default, we hand out 127.192.0.1 through 127.254.254.254.
- * These addresses should map to localhost, so even if the
- * application accidentally tried to connect to them directly (not
- * via Tor), it wouldn't get too far astray.
- *
- * These options are configured by parse_virtual_addr_network().
- */
-/** Which network should we use for virtual IPv4 addresses?  Only the first
- * bits of this value are fixed. */
-static uint32_t virtual_addr_network = 0x7fc00000u;
-/** How many bits of <b>virtual_addr_network</b> are fixed? */
-static maskbits_t virtual_addr_netmask_bits = 10;
-/** What's the next virtual address we will hand out? */
-static uint32_t next_virtual_addr    = 0x7fc00000u;
-
-/** Read a netmask of the form 127.192.0.0/10 from "val", and check whether
- * it's a valid set of virtual addresses to hand out in response to MAPADDRESS
- * requests.  Return 0 on success; set *msg (if provided) to a newly allocated
- * string and return -1 on failure.  If validate_only is false, sets the
- * actual virtual address range to the parsed value. */
-int
-parse_virtual_addr_network(const char *val, int validate_only,
-                           char **msg)
-{
-  uint32_t addr;
-  uint16_t port_min, port_max;
-  maskbits_t bits;
-
-  if (parse_addr_and_port_range(val, &addr, &bits, &port_min, &port_max)) {
-    if (msg) *msg = tor_strdup("Error parsing VirtualAddressNetwork");
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (port_min != 1 || port_max != 65535) {
-    if (msg) *msg = tor_strdup("Can't specify ports on VirtualAddressNetwork");
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (bits > 16) {
-    if (msg) *msg = tor_strdup("VirtualAddressNetwork expects a /16 "
-                               "network or larger");
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (validate_only)
-    return 0;
-
-  virtual_addr_network = (uint32_t)( addr & (0xfffffffful << (32-bits)) );
-  virtual_addr_netmask_bits = bits;
-
-  if (addr_mask_cmp_bits(next_virtual_addr, addr, bits))
-    next_virtual_addr = addr;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Return true iff <b>addr</b> is likely to have been returned by
- * client_dns_get_unused_address.
- **/
-static int
-address_is_in_virtual_range(const char *address)
-{
-  struct in_addr in;
-  tor_assert(address);
-  if (!strcasecmpend(address, ".virtual")) {
-    return 1;
-  } else if (tor_inet_aton(address, &in)) {
-    uint32_t addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
-    if (!addr_mask_cmp_bits(addr, virtual_addr_network,
-                            virtual_addr_netmask_bits))
-      return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Increment the value of next_virtual_addr; reset it to the start of the
- * virtual address range if it wraps around.
- */
-static INLINE void
-increment_virtual_addr(void)
-{
-  ++next_virtual_addr;
-  if (addr_mask_cmp_bits(next_virtual_addr, virtual_addr_network,
-                         virtual_addr_netmask_bits))
-    next_virtual_addr = virtual_addr_network;
-}
-
-/** Return a newly allocated string holding an address of <b>type</b>
- * (one of RESOLVED_TYPE_{IPV4|HOSTNAME}) that has not yet been mapped,
- * and that is very unlikely to be the address of any real host.
- *
- * May return NULL if we have run out of virtual addresses.
- */
-static char *
-addressmap_get_virtual_address(int type)
-{
-  char buf[64];
-  tor_assert(addressmap);
-
-  if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME) {
-    char rand[10];
-    do {
-      crypto_rand(rand, sizeof(rand));
-      base32_encode(buf,sizeof(buf),rand,sizeof(rand));
-      strlcat(buf, ".virtual", sizeof(buf));
-    } while (strmap_get(addressmap, buf));
-    return tor_strdup(buf);
-  } else if (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4) {
-    // This is an imperfect estimate of how many addresses are available, but
-    // that's ok.
-    struct in_addr in;
-    uint32_t available = 1u << (32-virtual_addr_netmask_bits);
-    while (available) {
-      /* Don't hand out any .0 or .255 address. */
-      while ((next_virtual_addr & 0xff) == 0 ||
-             (next_virtual_addr & 0xff) == 0xff) {
-        increment_virtual_addr();
-        if (! --available) {
-          log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Ran out of virtual addresses!");
-          return NULL;
-        }
-      }
-      in.s_addr = htonl(next_virtual_addr);
-      tor_inet_ntoa(&in, buf, sizeof(buf));
-      if (!strmap_get(addressmap, buf)) {
-        increment_virtual_addr();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      increment_virtual_addr();
-      --available;
-      // log_info(LD_CONFIG, "%d addrs available", (int)available);
-      if (! available) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Ran out of virtual addresses!");
-        return NULL;
-      }
-    }
-    return tor_strdup(buf);
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with unsupported address type (%d)", type);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-}
-
-/** A controller has requested that we map some address of type
- * <b>type</b> to the address <b>new_address</b>.  Choose an address
- * that is unlikely to be used, and map it, and return it in a newly
- * allocated string.  If another address of the same type is already
- * mapped to <b>new_address</b>, try to return a copy of that address.
- *
- * The string in <b>new_address</b> may be freed or inserted into a map
- * as appropriate.  May return NULL if are out of virtual addresses.
- **/
-const char *
-addressmap_register_virtual_address(int type, char *new_address)
-{
-  char **addrp;
-  virtaddress_entry_t *vent;
-  int vent_needs_to_be_added = 0;
-
-  tor_assert(new_address);
-  tor_assert(addressmap);
-  tor_assert(virtaddress_reversemap);
-
-  vent = strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address);
-  if (!vent) {
-    vent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(virtaddress_entry_t));
-    vent_needs_to_be_added = 1;
-  }
-
-  addrp = (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4) ?
-    &vent->ipv4_address : &vent->hostname_address;
-  if (*addrp) {
-    addressmap_entry_t *ent = strmap_get(addressmap, *addrp);
-    if (ent && ent->new_address &&
-        !strcasecmp(new_address, ent->new_address)) {
-      tor_free(new_address);
-      tor_assert(!vent_needs_to_be_added);
-      return tor_strdup(*addrp);
-    } else
-      log_warn(LD_BUG,
-               "Internal confusion: I thought that '%s' was mapped to by "
-               "'%s', but '%s' really maps to '%s'. This is a harmless bug.",
-               safe_str_client(new_address),
-               safe_str_client(*addrp),
-               safe_str_client(*addrp),
-               ent?safe_str_client(ent->new_address):"(nothing)");
-  }
-
-  tor_free(*addrp);
-  *addrp = addressmap_get_virtual_address(type);
-  if (!*addrp) {
-    tor_free(vent);
-    tor_free(new_address);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  log_info(LD_APP, "Registering map from %s to %s", *addrp, new_address);
-  if (vent_needs_to_be_added)
-    strmap_set(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address, vent);
-  addressmap_register(*addrp, new_address, 2, ADDRMAPSRC_AUTOMAP, 0, 0);
-
-#if 0
-  {
-    /* Try to catch possible bugs */
-    addressmap_entry_t *ent;
-    ent = strmap_get(addressmap, *addrp);
-    tor_assert(ent);
-    tor_assert(!strcasecmp(ent->new_address,new_address));
-    vent = strmap_get(virtaddress_reversemap, new_address);
-    tor_assert(vent);
-    tor_assert(!strcasecmp(*addrp,
-                           (type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4) ?
-                           vent->ipv4_address : vent->hostname_address));
-    log_info(LD_APP, "Map from %s to %s okay.",
-             safe_str_client(*addrp),
-             safe_str_client(new_address));
-  }
-#endif
-
-  return *addrp;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if <b>address</b> has funny characters in it like colons. Return
- * 0 if it's fine, or if we're configured to allow it anyway.  <b>client</b>
- * should be true if we're using this address as a client; false if we're
- * using it as a server.
- */
-int
-address_is_invalid_destination(const char *address, int client)
-{
-  if (client) {
-    if (get_options()->AllowNonRFC953Hostnames)
-      return 0;
-  } else {
-    if (get_options()->ServerDNSAllowNonRFC953Hostnames)
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  while (*address) {
-    if (TOR_ISALNUM(*address) ||
-        *address == '-' ||
-        *address == '.' ||
-        *address == '_') /* Underscore is not allowed, but Windows does it
-                          * sometimes, just to thumb its nose at the IETF. */
-      ++address;
-    else
-      return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Iterate over all address mappings which have expiry times between
- * min_expires and max_expires, inclusive.  If sl is provided, add an
- * "old-addr new-addr expiry" string to sl for each mapping, omitting
- * the expiry time if want_expiry is false. If sl is NULL, remove the
- * mappings.
- */
-void
-addressmap_get_mappings(smartlist_t *sl, time_t min_expires,
-                        time_t max_expires, int want_expiry)
-{
-   strmap_iter_t *iter;
-   const char *key;
-   void *_val;
-   addressmap_entry_t *val;
-
-   if (!addressmap)
-     addressmap_init();
-
-   for (iter = strmap_iter_init(addressmap); !strmap_iter_done(iter); ) {
-     strmap_iter_get(iter, &key, &_val);
-     val = _val;
-     if (val->expires >= min_expires && val->expires <= max_expires) {
-       if (!sl) {
-         iter = strmap_iter_next_rmv(addressmap,iter);
-         addressmap_ent_remove(key, val);
-         continue;
-       } else if (val->new_address) {
-         const char *src_wc = val->src_wildcard ? "*." : "";
-         const char *dst_wc = val->dst_wildcard ? "*." : "";
-         if (want_expiry) {
-           if (val->expires < 3 || val->expires == TIME_MAX)
-             smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s NEVER",
-                                    src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address);
-           else {
-             char time[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-             format_iso_time(time, val->expires);
-             smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s \"%s\"",
-                                    src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address,
-                                    time);
-           }
-         } else {
-           smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s%s %s%s",
-                                  src_wc, key, dst_wc, val->new_address);
-         }
-       }
-     }
-     iter = strmap_iter_next(addressmap,iter);
-   }
-}
-
 /** Check if <b>conn</b> is using a dangerous port. Then warn and/or
  * reject depending on our config options. */
 static int
 consider_plaintext_ports(entry_connection_t *conn, uint16_t port)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  int reject = smartlist_string_num_isin(options->RejectPlaintextPorts, port);
+  int reject = smartlist_contains_int_as_string(
+                                     options->RejectPlaintextPorts, port);
 
-  if (smartlist_string_num_isin(options->WarnPlaintextPorts, port)) {
+  if (smartlist_contains_int_as_string(options->WarnPlaintextPorts, port)) {
     log_warn(LD_APP, "Application request to port %d: this port is "
              "commonly used for unencrypted protocols. Please make sure "
              "you don't send anything you would mind the rest of the "
@@ -1798,7 +921,7 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
   socks_request_t *socks = conn->socks_request;
   hostname_type_t addresstype;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  struct in_addr addr_tmp;
+  tor_addr_t addr_tmp;
   /* We set this to true if this is an address we should automatically
    * remap to a local address in VirtualAddrNetwork */
   int automap = 0;
@@ -1828,17 +951,20 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
     conn->original_dest_address = tor_strdup(conn->socks_request->address);
 
   if (socks->command == SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE &&
-      !tor_inet_aton(socks->address, &addr_tmp) &&
-      options->AutomapHostsOnResolve && options->AutomapHostsSuffixes) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->AutomapHostsSuffixes, const char *, cp,
-                      if (!strcasecmpend(socks->address, cp)) {
-                        automap = 1;
-                        break;
-                      });
+      tor_addr_parse(&addr_tmp, socks->address)<0 &&
+      options->AutomapHostsOnResolve) {
+    automap = addressmap_address_should_automap(socks->address, options);
     if (automap) {
       const char *new_addr;
+      int addr_type = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4;
+      if (conn->socks_request->socks_version != 4) {
+        if (!conn->ipv4_traffic_ok ||
+            (conn->ipv6_traffic_ok && conn->prefer_ipv6_traffic) ||
+            conn->prefer_ipv6_virtaddr)
+          addr_type = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6;
+      }
       new_addr = addressmap_register_virtual_address(
-                              RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4, tor_strdup(socks->address));
+                                    addr_type, tor_strdup(socks->address));
       if (! new_addr) {
         log_warn(LD_APP, "Unable to automap address %s",
                  escaped_safe_str(socks->address));
@@ -1853,8 +979,14 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
   }
 
   if (socks->command == SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE_PTR) {
+    unsigned rewrite_flags = 0;
+    if (conn->use_cached_ipv4_answers)
+      rewrite_flags |= AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS;
+    if (conn->use_cached_ipv6_answers)
+      rewrite_flags |= AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS;
+
     if (addressmap_rewrite_reverse(socks->address, sizeof(socks->address),
-                                   &map_expires)) {
+                                   rewrite_flags, &map_expires)) {
       char *result = tor_strdup(socks->address);
       /* remember _what_ is supposed to have been resolved. */
       tor_snprintf(socks->address, sizeof(socks->address), "REVERSE[%s]",
@@ -1885,8 +1017,13 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
     }
   } else if (!automap) {
     /* For address map controls, remap the address. */
+    unsigned rewrite_flags = 0;
+    if (conn->use_cached_ipv4_answers)
+      rewrite_flags |= AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS;
+    if (conn->use_cached_ipv6_answers)
+      rewrite_flags |= AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS;
     if (addressmap_rewrite(socks->address, sizeof(socks->address),
-                           &map_expires, &exit_source)) {
+                           rewrite_flags, &map_expires, &exit_source)) {
       control_event_stream_status(conn, STREAM_EVENT_REMAP,
                                   REMAP_STREAM_SOURCE_CACHE);
     }
@@ -1923,7 +1060,7 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
 
     /* If StrictNodes is not set, then .exit overrides ExcludeNodes. */
     routerset_t *excludeset = options->StrictNodes ?
-      options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion : options->ExcludeExitNodes;
+      options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_ : options->ExcludeExitNodes;
     const node_t *node;
 
     if (exit_source == ADDRMAPSRC_AUTOMAP && !options->AllowDotExit) {
@@ -2024,17 +1161,13 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
     }
 
     if (socks->command == SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE) {
-      uint32_t answer;
-      struct in_addr in;
+      tor_addr_t answer;
       /* Reply to resolves immediately if we can. */
-      if (tor_inet_aton(socks->address, &in)) { /* see if it's an IP already */
-        /* leave it in network order */
-        answer = in.s_addr;
+      if (tor_addr_parse(&answer, socks->address) >= 0) {/* is it an IP? */
         /* remember _what_ is supposed to have been resolved. */
         strlcpy(socks->address, orig_address, sizeof(socks->address));
-        connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(conn,RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4,4,
-                                               (uint8_t*)&answer,
-                                               -1,map_expires);
+        connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved_addr(conn, &answer, -1,
+                                                    map_expires);
         connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn,
                                 END_STREAM_REASON_DONE |
                                 END_STREAM_REASON_FLAG_ALREADY_SOCKS_REPLIED);
@@ -2087,6 +1220,37 @@ connection_ap_handshake_rewrite_and_attach(entry_connection_t *conn,
         }
       }
 
+      {
+        tor_addr_t addr;
+        /* XXX Duplicate call to tor_addr_parse. */
+        if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, socks->address) >= 0) {
+          sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(&addr);
+          if ((family == AF_INET && ! conn->ipv4_traffic_ok) ||
+              (family == AF_INET6 && ! conn->ipv4_traffic_ok)) {
+            log_warn(LD_NET, "Rejecting SOCKS request for an IP address "
+                     "family that this listener does not support.");
+            connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_ENTRYPOLICY);
+            return -1;
+          } else if (family == AF_INET6 && socks->socks_version == 4) {
+            log_warn(LD_NET, "Rejecting SOCKS4 request for an IPv6 address.");
+            connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_ENTRYPOLICY);
+            return -1;
+          } else if (socks->socks_version == 4 && !conn->ipv4_traffic_ok) {
+            log_warn(LD_NET, "Rejecting SOCKS4 request on a listener with "
+                     "no IPv4 traffic supported.");
+            connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_ENTRYPOLICY);
+            return -1;
+          } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+            conn->ipv4_traffic_ok = 0;
+          } else if (family == AF_INET) {
+            conn->ipv6_traffic_ok = 0;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (socks->socks_version == 4)
+        conn->ipv6_traffic_ok = 0;
+
       if (!conn->use_begindir && !conn->chosen_exit_name && !circ) {
         /* see if we can find a suitable enclave exit */
         const node_t *r =
@@ -2256,7 +1420,7 @@ connection_ap_get_original_destination(entry_connection_t *conn,
   }
 
   tor_addr_from_sockaddr(&addr, (struct sockaddr*)&orig_dst, &req->port);
-  tor_addr_to_str(req->address, &addr, sizeof(req->address), 0);
+  tor_addr_to_str(req->address, &addr, sizeof(req->address), 1);
 
   return 0;
 #elif defined(TRANS_PF)
@@ -2317,7 +1481,7 @@ connection_ap_get_original_destination(entry_connection_t *conn,
     return -1;
   }
 
-  tor_addr_to_str(req->address, &addr, sizeof(req->address), 0);
+  tor_addr_to_str(req->address, &addr, sizeof(req->address), 1);
   req->port = ntohs(pnl.rdport);
 
   return 0;
@@ -2517,7 +1681,7 @@ connection_ap_process_natd(entry_connection_t *conn)
 /** Iterate over the two bytes of stream_id until we get one that is not
  * already in use; return it. Return 0 if can't get a unique stream_id.
  */
-static streamid_t
+streamid_t
 get_unique_stream_id_by_circ(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
   edge_connection_t *tmpconn;
@@ -2555,6 +1719,66 @@ connection_ap_supports_optimistic_data(const entry_connection_t *conn)
   return conn->may_use_optimistic_data;
 }
 
+/** Return a bitmask of BEGIN_FLAG_* flags that we should transmit in the
+ * RELAY_BEGIN cell for <b>ap_conn</b>. */
+static uint32_t
+connection_ap_get_begincell_flags(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
+{
+  edge_connection_t *edge_conn = ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(ap_conn);
+  const node_t *exitnode = NULL;
+  const crypt_path_t *cpath_layer = edge_conn->cpath_layer;
+  uint32_t flags = 0;
+
+  /* No flags for begindir */
+  if (ap_conn->use_begindir)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* No flags for hidden services. */
+  if (edge_conn->on_circuit->purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* If only IPv4 is supported, no flags */
+  if (ap_conn->ipv4_traffic_ok && !ap_conn->ipv6_traffic_ok)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (! cpath_layer ||
+      ! cpath_layer->extend_info)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (!ap_conn->ipv4_traffic_ok)
+    flags |= BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK;
+
+  exitnode = node_get_by_id(cpath_layer->extend_info->identity_digest);
+
+  if (ap_conn->ipv6_traffic_ok && exitnode) {
+    tor_addr_t a;
+    tor_addr_make_null(&a, AF_INET6);
+    if (compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(&a, ap_conn->socks_request->port,
+                                        exitnode)
+        != ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED) {
+      /* Only say "IPv6 OK" if the exit node supports IPv6. Otherwise there's
+       * no point. */
+      flags |= BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (flags == BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK) {
+    /* When IPv4 and IPv6 are both allowed, consider whether to say we
+     * prefer IPv6.  Otherwise there's no point in declaring a preference */
+    if (ap_conn->prefer_ipv6_traffic)
+      flags |= BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED;
+  }
+
+  if (flags == BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK) {
+    log_warn(LD_EDGE, "I'm about to ask a node for a connection that I "
+             "am telling it to fulfil with neither IPv4 nor IPv6. That's "
+             "not going to work. Did you perhaps ask for an IPv6 address "
+             "on an IPv4Only port, or vice versa?");
+  }
+
+  return flags;
+}
+
 /** Write a relay begin cell, using destaddr and destport from ap_conn's
  * socks_request field, and send it down circ.
  *
@@ -2584,17 +1808,22 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_begin(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
     connection_mark_unattached_ap(ap_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL);
 
     /* Mark this circuit "unusable for new streams". */
-    /* XXXX024 this is a kludgy way to do this. */
-    tor_assert(circ->_base.timestamp_dirty);
-    circ->_base.timestamp_dirty -= get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+    mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(circ);
     return -1;
   }
 
+  /* Set up begin cell flags. */
+  edge_conn->begincell_flags = connection_ap_get_begincell_flags(ap_conn);
+
   tor_snprintf(payload,RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE, "%s:%d",
-               (circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL) ?
+               (circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL) ?
                  ap_conn->socks_request->address : "",
                ap_conn->socks_request->port);
   payload_len = (int)strlen(payload)+1;
+  if (payload_len <= RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 4 && edge_conn->begincell_flags) {
+    set_uint32(payload + payload_len, htonl(edge_conn->begincell_flags));
+    payload_len += 4;
+  }
 
   log_info(LD_APP,
            "Sending relay cell %d to begin stream %d.",
@@ -2617,8 +1846,9 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_begin(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
   edge_conn->package_window = STREAMWINDOW_START;
   edge_conn->deliver_window = STREAMWINDOW_START;
   base_conn->state = AP_CONN_STATE_CONNECT_WAIT;
-  log_info(LD_APP,"Address/port sent, ap socket %d, n_circ_id %d",
-           base_conn->s, circ->_base.n_circ_id);
+  log_info(LD_APP,"Address/port sent, ap socket "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT
+           ", n_circ_id %u",
+           base_conn->s, (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
   control_event_stream_status(ap_conn, STREAM_EVENT_SENT_CONNECT, 0);
 
   /* If there's queued-up data, send it now */
@@ -2657,7 +1887,7 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_resolve(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
   tor_assert(base_conn->type == CONN_TYPE_AP);
   tor_assert(base_conn->state == AP_CONN_STATE_CIRCUIT_WAIT);
   tor_assert(ap_conn->socks_request);
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL);
 
   command = ap_conn->socks_request->command;
   tor_assert(SOCKS_COMMAND_IS_RESOLVE(command));
@@ -2669,9 +1899,7 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_resolve(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
     connection_mark_unattached_ap(ap_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL);
 
     /* Mark this circuit "unusable for new streams". */
-    /* XXXX024 this is a kludgy way to do this. */
-    tor_assert(circ->_base.timestamp_dirty);
-    circ->_base.timestamp_dirty -= get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+    mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(circ);
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -2686,7 +1914,7 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_resolve(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
 
     /* We're doing a reverse lookup.  The input could be an IP address, or
      * could be an .in-addr.arpa or .ip6.arpa address */
-    r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(&addr, a, AF_INET, 1);
+    r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(&addr, a, AF_UNSPEC, 1);
     if (r <= 0) {
       log_warn(LD_APP, "Rejecting ill-formed reverse lookup of %s",
                safe_str_client(a));
@@ -2715,12 +1943,14 @@ connection_ap_handshake_send_resolve(entry_connection_t *ap_conn)
                            string_addr, payload_len) < 0)
     return -1; /* circuit is closed, don't continue */
 
-  tor_free(base_conn->address); /* Maybe already set by dnsserv. */
-  base_conn->address = tor_strdup("(Tor_internal)");
+  if (!base_conn->address) {
+    /* This might be unnecessary. XXXX */
+    base_conn->address = tor_dup_addr(&base_conn->addr);
+  }
   base_conn->state = AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT;
-  log_info(LD_APP,"Address sent for resolve, ap socket %d, n_circ_id %d",
-           base_conn->s, circ->_base.n_circ_id);
-  control_event_stream_status(ap_conn, STREAM_EVENT_NEW, 0);
+  log_info(LD_APP,"Address sent for resolve, ap socket "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT
+           ", n_circ_id %u",
+           base_conn->s, (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
   control_event_stream_status(ap_conn, STREAM_EVENT_SENT_RESOLVE, 0);
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2812,25 +2042,49 @@ tell_controller_about_resolved_result(entry_connection_t *conn,
                                       int ttl,
                                       time_t expires)
 {
-
-  if (ttl >= 0 && (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 ||
-                   answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME)) {
-    return; /* we already told the controller. */
-  } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len >= 4) {
+  expires = time(NULL) + ttl;
+  if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len >= 4) {
     char *cp = tor_dup_ip(ntohl(get_uint32(answer)));
     control_event_address_mapped(conn->socks_request->address,
-                                 cp, expires, NULL);
+                                 cp, expires, NULL, 0);
     tor_free(cp);
   } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME && answer_len < 256) {
     char *cp = tor_strndup(answer, answer_len);
     control_event_address_mapped(conn->socks_request->address,
-                                 cp, expires, NULL);
+                                 cp, expires, NULL, 0);
     tor_free(cp);
   } else {
     control_event_address_mapped(conn->socks_request->address,
-                                 "<error>",
-                                 time(NULL)+ttl,
-                                 "error=yes");
+                                 "<error>", time(NULL)+ttl,
+                                 "error=yes", 0);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * As connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved, but take a tor_addr_t to send
+ * as the answer.
+ */
+static void
+connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved_addr(entry_connection_t *conn,
+                                            const tor_addr_t *answer,
+                                            int ttl,
+                                            time_t expires)
+{
+  if (tor_addr_family(answer) == AF_INET) {
+    uint32_t a = tor_addr_to_ipv4n(answer); /* network order */
+    connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(conn,RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4,4,
+                                           (uint8_t*)&a,
+                                           ttl, expires);
+  } else if (tor_addr_family(answer) == AF_INET6) {
+    const uint8_t *a = tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(answer);
+    connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(conn,RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6,16,
+                                           a,
+                                           ttl, expires);
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Got called with address of unexpected family %d",
+             tor_addr_family(answer));
+    connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(conn,
+                                           RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR,0,NULL,-1,-1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2856,13 +2110,25 @@ connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(entry_connection_t *conn,
 
   if (ttl >= 0) {
     if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len == 4) {
-      uint32_t a = ntohl(get_uint32(answer));
-      if (a)
-        client_dns_set_addressmap(conn->socks_request->address, a,
+      tor_addr_t a;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&a, get_uint32(answer));
+      if (! tor_addr_is_null(&a)) {
+        client_dns_set_addressmap(conn,
+                                  conn->socks_request->address, &a,
+                                  conn->chosen_exit_name, ttl);
+      }
+    } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6 && answer_len == 16) {
+      tor_addr_t a;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&a, (char*)answer);
+      if (! tor_addr_is_null(&a)) {
+        client_dns_set_addressmap(conn,
+                                  conn->socks_request->address, &a,
                                   conn->chosen_exit_name, ttl);
+      }
     } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME && answer_len < 256) {
       char *cp = tor_strndup((char*)answer, answer_len);
-      client_dns_set_reverse_addressmap(conn->socks_request->address,
+      client_dns_set_reverse_addressmap(conn,
+                                        conn->socks_request->address,
                                         cp,
                                         conn->chosen_exit_name, ttl);
       tor_free(cp);
@@ -2876,8 +2142,9 @@ connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(entry_connection_t *conn,
       conn->socks_request->has_finished = 1;
       return;
     } else {
-      /* This must be a request from the controller. We already sent
-       * a mapaddress if there's a ttl. */
+      /* This must be a request from the controller. Since answers to those
+       * requests are not cached, they do not generate an ADDRMAP event on
+       * their own. */
       tell_controller_about_resolved_result(conn, answer_type, answer_len,
                                             (char*)answer, ttl, expires);
       conn->socks_request->has_finished = 1;
@@ -2958,9 +2225,36 @@ connection_ap_handshake_socks_reply(entry_connection_t *conn, char *reply,
 
   tor_assert(conn->socks_request); /* make sure it's an AP stream */
 
-  control_event_stream_status(conn,
-     status==SOCKS5_SUCCEEDED ? STREAM_EVENT_SUCCEEDED : STREAM_EVENT_FAILED,
-                              endreason);
+  if (!SOCKS_COMMAND_IS_RESOLVE(conn->socks_request->command)) {
+    control_event_stream_status(conn, status==SOCKS5_SUCCEEDED ?
+                                STREAM_EVENT_SUCCEEDED : STREAM_EVENT_FAILED,
+                                endreason);
+  }
+
+  /* Flag this stream's circuit as having completed a stream successfully
+   * (for path bias) */
+  if (status == SOCKS5_SUCCEEDED ||
+      endreason == END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED ||
+      endreason == END_STREAM_REASON_CONNECTREFUSED ||
+      endreason == END_STREAM_REASON_CONNRESET ||
+      endreason == END_STREAM_REASON_NOROUTE ||
+      endreason == END_STREAM_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT) {
+    if (!conn->edge_.on_circuit ||
+       !CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(conn->edge_.on_circuit)) {
+      // DNS remaps can trigger this. So can failed hidden service
+      // lookups.
+      log_info(LD_BUG,
+               "No origin circuit for successful SOCKS stream "U64_FORMAT
+               ". Reason: %d",
+               U64_PRINTF_ARG(ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->global_identifier),
+               endreason);
+    } else {
+      // XXX: Hrmm. It looks like optimistic data can't go through this
+      // codepath, but someone should probably test it and make sure.
+      // We don't want to mark optimistically opened streams as successful.
+      pathbias_mark_use_success(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(conn->edge_.on_circuit));
+    }
+  }
 
   if (conn->socks_request->has_finished) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "(Harmless.) duplicate calls to "
@@ -2992,6 +2286,70 @@ connection_ap_handshake_socks_reply(entry_connection_t *conn, char *reply,
   return;
 }
 
+/** Read a RELAY_BEGIN or RELAY_BEGINDIR cell from <b>cell</b>, decode it, and
+ * place the result in <b>bcell</b>.  On success return 0; on failure return
+ * <0 and set *<b>end_reason_out</b> to the end reason we should send back to
+ * the client.
+ *
+ * Return -1 in the case where want to send a RELAY_END cell, and < -1 when
+ * we don't.
+ **/
+/* static */ int
+begin_cell_parse(const cell_t *cell, begin_cell_t *bcell,
+                 uint8_t *end_reason_out)
+{
+  relay_header_t rh;
+  const uint8_t *body, *nul;
+
+  memset(bcell, 0, sizeof(*bcell));
+  *end_reason_out = END_STREAM_REASON_MISC;
+
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell->payload);
+  if (rh.length > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+    return -2; /*XXXX why not TORPROTOCOL? */
+  }
+
+  bcell->stream_id = rh.stream_id;
+
+  if (rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR) {
+    bcell->is_begindir = 1;
+    return 0;
+  } else if (rh.command != RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Got an unexpected command %d", (int)rh.command);
+    *end_reason_out = END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  body = cell->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE;
+  nul = memchr(body, 0, rh.length);
+  if (! nul) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+           "Relay begin cell has no \\0. Closing.");
+    *end_reason_out = END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN,
+                          (char*)(body),
+                          &bcell->address,&bcell->port)<0) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+           "Unable to parse addr:port in relay begin cell. Closing.");
+    *end_reason_out = END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (bcell->port == 0) {
+    log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+           "Missing port in relay begin cell. Closing.");
+    tor_free(bcell->address);
+    *end_reason_out = END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (body + rh.length >= nul + 4)
+    bcell->flags = ntohl(get_uint32(nul+1));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /** A relay 'begin' or 'begin_dir' cell has arrived, and either we are
  * an exit hop for the circuit, or we are the origin and it is a
  * rendezvous begin.
@@ -3015,10 +2373,13 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
 {
   edge_connection_t *n_stream;
   relay_header_t rh;
-  char *address=NULL;
-  uint16_t port;
+  char *address = NULL;
+  uint16_t port = 0;
   or_circuit_t *or_circ = NULL;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  begin_cell_t bcell;
+  int r;
+  uint8_t end_reason=0;
 
   assert_circuit_ok(circ);
   if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
@@ -3042,52 +2403,43 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
     return 0;
   }
 
-  if (rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN) {
-    if (!memchr(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE, 0, rh.length)) {
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Relay begin cell has no \\0. Closing.");
-      relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
-                                    END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL, NULL);
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN,
-                            (char*)(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE),
-                            &address,&port)<0) {
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Unable to parse addr:port in relay begin cell. Closing.");
-      relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
-                                    END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL, NULL);
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (port==0) {
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Missing port in relay begin cell. Closing.");
-      relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
-                                    END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL, NULL);
-      tor_free(address);
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (or_circ && or_circ->p_conn && !options->AllowSingleHopExits &&
-        (or_circ->is_first_hop ||
-         (!connection_or_digest_is_known_relay(
-                                       or_circ->p_conn->identity_digest) &&
+  r = begin_cell_parse(cell, &bcell, &end_reason);
+  if (r < -1) {
+    return -1;
+  } else if (r == -1) {
+    tor_free(bcell.address);
+    relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ, end_reason, NULL);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (! bcell.is_begindir) {
+    /* Steal reference */
+    address = bcell.address;
+    port = bcell.port;
+
+    if (or_circ && or_circ->p_chan) {
+      if (!options->AllowSingleHopExits &&
+           (or_circ->is_first_hop ||
+            (!connection_or_digest_is_known_relay(
+                or_circ->p_chan->identity_digest) &&
           should_refuse_unknown_exits(options)))) {
-      /* Don't let clients use us as a single-hop proxy, unless the user
-       * has explicitly allowed that in the config. It attracts attackers
-       * and users who'd be better off with, well, single-hop proxies.
-       */
-      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Attempt by %s to open a stream %s. Closing.",
-             safe_str(or_circ->p_conn->_base.address),
-             or_circ->is_first_hop ? "on first hop of circuit" :
-                                     "from unknown relay");
-      relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
-                                    or_circ->is_first_hop ?
-                                      END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL :
-                                      END_STREAM_REASON_MISC,
-                                    NULL);
-      tor_free(address);
-      return 0;
+        /* Don't let clients use us as a single-hop proxy, unless the user
+         * has explicitly allowed that in the config. It attracts attackers
+         * and users who'd be better off with, well, single-hop proxies.
+         */
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
+               "Attempt by %s to open a stream %s. Closing.",
+               safe_str(channel_get_canonical_remote_descr(or_circ->p_chan)),
+               or_circ->is_first_hop ? "on first hop of circuit" :
+                                       "from unknown relay");
+        relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
+                                      or_circ->is_first_hop ?
+                                        END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL :
+                                        END_STREAM_REASON_MISC,
+                                      NULL);
+        tor_free(address);
+        return 0;
+      }
     }
   } else if (rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR) {
     if (!directory_permits_begindir_requests(options) ||
@@ -3098,10 +2450,10 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
     }
     /* Make sure to get the 'real' address of the previous hop: the
      * caller might want to know whether his IP address has changed, and
-     * we might already have corrected _base.addr[ess] for the relay's
+     * we might already have corrected base_.addr[ess] for the relay's
      * canonical IP address. */
-    if (or_circ && or_circ->p_conn)
-      address = tor_dup_addr(&or_circ->p_conn->real_addr);
+    if (or_circ && or_circ->p_chan)
+      address = tor_strdup(channel_get_actual_remote_address(or_circ->p_chan));
     else
       address = tor_strdup("127.0.0.1");
     port = 1; /* XXXX This value is never actually used anywhere, and there
@@ -3114,17 +2466,31 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
     return 0;
   }
 
+  if (! options->IPv6Exit) {
+    /* I don't care if you prefer IPv6; I can't give you any. */
+    bcell.flags &= ~BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED;
+    /* If you don't want IPv4, I can't help. */
+    if (bcell.flags & BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK) {
+      tor_free(address);
+      relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
+                                    END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY, NULL);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
   log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Creating new exit connection.");
+  /* The 'AF_INET' here is temporary; we might need to change it later in
+   * connection_exit_connect(). */
   n_stream = edge_connection_new(CONN_TYPE_EXIT, AF_INET);
 
   /* Remember the tunneled request ID in the new edge connection, so that
    * we can measure download times. */
-  TO_CONN(n_stream)->dirreq_id = circ->dirreq_id;
-
-  n_stream->_base.purpose = EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT;
+  n_stream->dirreq_id = circ->dirreq_id;
 
+  n_stream->base_.purpose = EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT;
+  n_stream->begincell_flags = bcell.flags;
   n_stream->stream_id = rh.stream_id;
-  n_stream->_base.port = port;
+  n_stream->base_.port = port;
   /* leave n_stream->s at -1, because it's not yet valid */
   n_stream->package_window = STREAMWINDOW_START;
   n_stream->deliver_window = STREAMWINDOW_START;
@@ -3132,14 +2498,14 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
   if (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED) {
     origin_circuit_t *origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
     log_info(LD_REND,"begin is for rendezvous. configuring stream.");
-    n_stream->_base.address = tor_strdup("(rendezvous)");
-    n_stream->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
+    n_stream->base_.address = tor_strdup("(rendezvous)");
+    n_stream->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
     n_stream->rend_data = rend_data_dup(origin_circ->rend_data);
     tor_assert(connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(n_stream));
     assert_circuit_ok(circ);
     if (rend_service_set_connection_addr_port(n_stream, origin_circ) < 0) {
       log_info(LD_REND,"Didn't find rendezvous service (port %d)",
-               n_stream->_base.port);
+               n_stream->base_.port);
       relay_send_end_cell_from_edge(rh.stream_id, circ,
                                     END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY,
                                     origin_circ->cpath->prev);
@@ -3158,12 +2524,16 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
     assert_circuit_ok(circ);
 
     connection_exit_connect(n_stream);
+
+    /* For path bias: This circuit was used successfully */
+    pathbias_mark_use_success(origin_circ);
+
     tor_free(address);
     return 0;
   }
   tor_strlower(address);
-  n_stream->_base.address = address;
-  n_stream->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+  n_stream->base_.address = address;
+  n_stream->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
   /* default to failed, change in dns_resolve if it turns out not to fail */
 
   if (we_are_hibernating()) {
@@ -3176,9 +2546,12 @@ connection_exit_begin_conn(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ)
   n_stream->on_circuit = circ;
 
   if (rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR) {
+    tor_addr_t tmp_addr;
     tor_assert(or_circ);
-    if (or_circ->p_conn && !tor_addr_is_null(&or_circ->p_conn->real_addr))
-      tor_addr_copy(&n_stream->_base.addr, &or_circ->p_conn->real_addr);
+    if (or_circ->p_chan &&
+        channel_get_addr_if_possible(or_circ->p_chan, &tmp_addr)) {
+      tor_addr_copy(&n_stream->base_.addr, &tmp_addr);
+    }
     return connection_exit_connect_dir(n_stream);
   }
 
@@ -3228,12 +2601,12 @@ connection_exit_begin_resolve(cell_t *cell, or_circuit_t *circ)
    */
   dummy_conn = edge_connection_new(CONN_TYPE_EXIT, AF_INET);
   dummy_conn->stream_id = rh.stream_id;
-  dummy_conn->_base.address = tor_strndup(
+  dummy_conn->base_.address = tor_strndup(
                                        (char*)cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
                                        rh.length);
-  dummy_conn->_base.port = 0;
-  dummy_conn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
-  dummy_conn->_base.purpose = EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
+  dummy_conn->base_.port = 0;
+  dummy_conn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+  dummy_conn->base_.purpose = EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
 
   dummy_conn->on_circuit = TO_CIRCUIT(circ);
 
@@ -3243,7 +2616,7 @@ connection_exit_begin_resolve(cell_t *cell, or_circuit_t *circ)
       /* Connection freed; don't touch it. */
       return 0;
     case 1: /* The result was cached; a resolved cell was sent. */
-      if (!dummy_conn->_base.marked_for_close)
+      if (!dummy_conn->base_.marked_for_close)
         connection_free(TO_CONN(dummy_conn));
       return 0;
     case 0: /* resolve added to pending list */
@@ -3268,8 +2641,11 @@ connection_exit_connect(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
   connection_t *conn = TO_CONN(edge_conn);
   int socket_error = 0;
 
-  if (!connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(edge_conn) &&
-      router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(edge_conn)) {
+  if ( (!connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(edge_conn) &&
+        router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(&edge_conn->base_.addr,
+                                         edge_conn->base_.port)) ||
+       (tor_addr_family(&conn->addr) == AF_INET6 &&
+        ! get_options()->IPv6Exit)) {
     log_info(LD_EXIT,"%s:%d failed exit policy. Closing.",
              escaped_safe_str_client(conn->address), conn->port);
     connection_edge_end(edge_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY);
@@ -3281,6 +2657,9 @@ connection_exit_connect(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
   addr = &conn->addr;
   port = conn->port;
 
+  if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6)
+    conn->socket_family = AF_INET6;
+
   log_debug(LD_EXIT,"about to try connecting");
   switch (connection_connect(conn, conn->address, addr, port, &socket_error)) {
     case -1: {
@@ -3318,21 +2697,21 @@ connection_exit_connect(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
                                  RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
                                  NULL, 0);
   } else { /* normal stream */
-    char connected_payload[20];
-    int connected_payload_len;
-    if (tor_addr_family(&conn->addr) == AF_INET) {
-      set_uint32(connected_payload, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conn->addr));
-      connected_payload_len = 4;
-    } else {
-      memcpy(connected_payload, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&conn->addr), 16);
-      connected_payload_len = 16;
+    uint8_t connected_payload[MAX_CONNECTED_CELL_PAYLOAD_LEN];
+    int connected_payload_len =
+      connected_cell_format_payload(connected_payload, &conn->addr,
+                                    edge_conn->address_ttl);
+    if (connected_payload_len < 0) {
+      connection_edge_end(edge_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL);
+      circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(edge_conn), edge_conn);
+      connection_free(conn);
+      return;
     }
-    set_uint32(connected_payload+connected_payload_len,
-               htonl(dns_clip_ttl(edge_conn->address_ttl)));
-    connected_payload_len += 4;
+
     connection_edge_send_command(edge_conn,
                                  RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
-                                 connected_payload, connected_payload_len);
+                                 (char*)connected_payload,
+                                 connected_payload_len);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3351,20 +2730,20 @@ connection_exit_connect_dir(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
 
   log_info(LD_EXIT, "Opening local connection for anonymized directory exit");
 
-  exitconn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
+  exitconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
 
-  dirconn = dir_connection_new(tor_addr_family(&exitconn->_base.addr));
+  dirconn = dir_connection_new(tor_addr_family(&exitconn->base_.addr));
 
-  tor_addr_copy(&dirconn->_base.addr, &exitconn->_base.addr);
-  dirconn->_base.port = 0;
-  dirconn->_base.address = tor_strdup(exitconn->_base.address);
-  dirconn->_base.type = CONN_TYPE_DIR;
-  dirconn->_base.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_SERVER;
-  dirconn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_COMMAND_WAIT;
+  tor_addr_copy(&dirconn->base_.addr, &exitconn->base_.addr);
+  dirconn->base_.port = 0;
+  dirconn->base_.address = tor_strdup(exitconn->base_.address);
+  dirconn->base_.type = CONN_TYPE_DIR;
+  dirconn->base_.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_SERVER;
+  dirconn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_COMMAND_WAIT;
 
   /* Note that the new dir conn belongs to the same tunneled request as
    * the edge conn, so that we can measure download times. */
-  TO_CONN(dirconn)->dirreq_id = TO_CONN(exitconn)->dirreq_id;
+  dirconn->dirreq_id = exitconn->dirreq_id;
 
   connection_link_connections(TO_CONN(dirconn), TO_CONN(exitconn));
 
@@ -3447,11 +2826,15 @@ connection_ap_can_use_exit(const entry_connection_t *conn, const node_t *exit)
   }
 
   if (conn->socks_request->command == SOCKS_COMMAND_CONNECT) {
-    struct in_addr in;
     tor_addr_t addr, *addrp = NULL;
     addr_policy_result_t r;
-    if (tor_inet_aton(conn->socks_request->address, &in)) {
-      tor_addr_from_in(&addr, &in);
+    if (0 == tor_addr_parse(&addr, conn->socks_request->address)) {
+      addrp = &addr;
+    } else if (!conn->ipv4_traffic_ok && conn->ipv6_traffic_ok) {
+      tor_addr_make_null(&addr, AF_INET6);
+      addrp = &addr;
+    } else if (conn->ipv4_traffic_ok && !conn->ipv6_traffic_ok) {
+      tor_addr_make_null(&addr, AF_INET);
       addrp = &addr;
     }
     r = compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(addrp, conn->socks_request->port,exit);
@@ -3466,7 +2849,7 @@ connection_ap_can_use_exit(const entry_connection_t *conn, const node_t *exit)
     if (!conn->chosen_exit_name && node_exit_policy_rejects_all(exit))
       return 0;
   }
-  if (routerset_contains_node(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion, exit)) {
+  if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_, exit)) {
     /* Not a suitable exit. Refuse it. */
     return 0;
   }
@@ -3477,6 +2860,9 @@ connection_ap_can_use_exit(const entry_connection_t *conn, const node_t *exit)
 /** If address is of the form "y.onion" with a well-formed handle y:
  *     Put a NUL after y, lower-case it, and return ONION_HOSTNAME.
  *
+ *  If address is of the form "x.y.onion" with a well-formed handle x:
+ *     Drop "x.", put a NUL after y, lower-case it, and return ONION_HOSTNAME.
+ *
  * If address is of the form "y.onion" with a badly-formed handle y:
  *     Return BAD_HOSTNAME and log a message.
  *
@@ -3490,6 +2876,7 @@ hostname_type_t
 parse_extended_hostname(char *address)
 {
     char *s;
+    char *q;
     char query[REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1];
 
     s = strrchr(address,'.');
@@ -3504,9 +2891,18 @@ parse_extended_hostname(char *address)
 
     /* so it is .onion */
     *s = 0; /* NUL-terminate it */
-    if (strlcpy(query, address, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1) >=
+    /* locate a 'sub-domain' component, in order to remove it */
+    q = strrchr(address, '.');
+    if (q == address) {
+      goto failed; /* reject sub-domain, as DNS does */
+    }
+    q = (NULL == q) ? address : q + 1;
+    if (strlcpy(query, q, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1) >=
         REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1)
       goto failed;
+    if (q != address) {
+      memmove(address, q, strlen(q) + 1 /* also get \0 */);
+    }
     if (rend_valid_service_id(query)) {
       return ONION_HOSTNAME; /* success */
     }
diff --git a/src/or/connection_edge.h b/src/or/connection_edge.h
index c320d6ba49..ea284cbcfd 100644
--- a/src/or/connection_edge.h
+++ b/src/or/connection_edge.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
  * \brief Header file for connection_edge.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H
-#define _TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H
+#define TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H
 
 #define connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, endreason) \
-  _connection_mark_unattached_ap((conn), (endreason), __LINE__, _SHORT_FILE_)
+  connection_mark_unattached_ap_((conn), (endreason), __LINE__, SHORT_FILE__)
 
-void _connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
+void connection_mark_unattached_ap_(entry_connection_t *conn, int endreason,
                                     int line, const char *file);
 int connection_edge_reached_eof(edge_connection_t *conn);
 int connection_edge_process_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn,
@@ -67,30 +67,6 @@ int connection_ap_process_transparent(entry_connection_t *conn);
 
 int address_is_invalid_destination(const char *address, int client);
 
-void addressmap_init(void);
-void addressmap_clear_excluded_trackexithosts(const or_options_t *options);
-void addressmap_clear_invalid_automaps(const or_options_t *options);
-void addressmap_clean(time_t now);
-void addressmap_clear_configured(void);
-void addressmap_clear_transient(void);
-void addressmap_free_all(void);
-int addressmap_rewrite(char *address, size_t maxlen, time_t *expires_out,
-                       addressmap_entry_source_t *exit_source_out);
-int addressmap_have_mapping(const char *address, int update_timeout);
-
-void addressmap_register(const char *address, char *new_address,
-                         time_t expires, addressmap_entry_source_t source,
-                         const int address_wildcard,
-                         const int new_address_wildcard);
-int parse_virtual_addr_network(const char *val, int validate_only,
-                               char **msg);
-int client_dns_incr_failures(const char *address);
-void client_dns_clear_failures(const char *address);
-void client_dns_set_addressmap(const char *address, uint32_t val,
-                               const char *exitname, int ttl);
-const char *addressmap_register_virtual_address(int type, char *new_address);
-void addressmap_get_mappings(smartlist_t *sl, time_t min_expires,
-                             time_t max_expires, int want_expiry);
 int connection_ap_rewrite_and_attach_if_allowed(entry_connection_t *conn,
                                                 origin_circuit_t *circ,
                                                 crypt_path_t *cpath);
@@ -114,6 +90,52 @@ int connection_edge_update_circuit_isolation(const entry_connection_t *conn,
                                              origin_circuit_t *circ,
                                              int dry_run);
 void circuit_clear_isolation(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+streamid_t get_unique_stream_id_by_circ(origin_circuit_t *circ);
+
+/** @name Begin-cell flags
+ *
+ * These flags are used in RELAY_BEGIN cells to change the default behavior
+ * of the cell.
+ *
+ * @{
+ **/
+/** When this flag is set, the client is willing to get connected to IPv6
+ * addresses */
+#define BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK        (1u<<0)
+/** When this flag is set, the client DOES NOT support connecting to IPv4
+ * addresses.  (The sense of this flag is inverted from IPV6_OK, so that the
+ * old default behavior of Tor is equivalent to having all flags set to 0.)
+ **/
+#define BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK    (1u<<1)
+/** When this flag is set, if we find both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address,
+ * we use the IPv6 address.  Otherwise we use the IPv4 address. */
+#define BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED (1u<<2)
+/**@}*/
+
+#ifdef CONNECTION_EDGE_PRIVATE
+
+/** A parsed BEGIN or BEGIN_DIR cell */
+typedef struct begin_cell_t {
+  /** The address the client has asked us to connect to, or NULL if this is
+   * a BEGIN_DIR cell*/
+  char *address;
+  /** The flags specified in the BEGIN cell's body.  One or more of
+   * BEGIN_FLAG_*. */
+  uint32_t flags;
+  /** The client's requested port. */
+  uint16_t port;
+  /** The client's requested Stream ID */
+  uint16_t stream_id;
+  /** True iff this is a BEGIN_DIR cell. */
+  unsigned is_begindir : 1;
+} begin_cell_t;
+
+int begin_cell_parse(const cell_t *cell, begin_cell_t *bcell,
+                     uint8_t *end_reason_out);
+int connected_cell_format_payload(uint8_t *payload_out,
+                                  const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                                  uint32_t ttl);
+#endif
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/connection_or.c b/src/or/connection_or.c
index fbb7c31e04..8e7cd9ea51 100644
--- a/src/or/connection_or.c
+++ b/src/or/connection_or.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,17 +9,25 @@
  * \brief Functions to handle OR connections, TLS handshaking, and
  * cells on the network.
  **/
-
 #include "or.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+/*
+ * Define this so we get channel internal functions, since we're implementing
+ * part of a subclass (channel_tls_t).
+ */
+#define TOR_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "command.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
 #include "control.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
@@ -43,6 +51,17 @@ static int connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
 
 static void connection_or_tls_renegotiated_cb(tor_tls_t *tls, void *_conn);
 
+static unsigned int
+connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_connection_t *or_conn);
+static void connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_connection_t *or_conn);
+
+/*
+ * Call this when changing connection state, so notifications to the owning
+ * channel can be handled.
+ */
+
+static void connection_or_change_state(or_connection_t *conn, uint8_t state);
+
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
 static void connection_or_handle_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bufev,
                                           short event, void *arg);
@@ -127,8 +146,11 @@ connection_or_set_identity_digest(or_connection_t *conn, const char *digest)
     return;
 
   /* If the identity was set previously, remove the old mapping. */
-  if (! tor_digest_is_zero(conn->identity_digest))
+  if (! tor_digest_is_zero(conn->identity_digest)) {
     connection_or_remove_from_identity_map(conn);
+    if (conn->chan)
+      channel_clear_identity_digest(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+  }
 
   memcpy(conn->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 
@@ -139,6 +161,10 @@ connection_or_set_identity_digest(or_connection_t *conn, const char *digest)
   tmp = digestmap_set(orconn_identity_map, digest, conn);
   conn->next_with_same_id = tmp;
 
+  /* Deal with channels */
+  if (conn->chan)
+    channel_set_identity_digest(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan), digest);
+
 #if 1
   /* Testing code to check for bugs in representation. */
   for (; tmp; tmp = tmp->next_with_same_id) {
@@ -268,13 +294,13 @@ connection_or_report_broken_states(int severity, int domain)
 
   smartlist_sort(items, broken_state_count_compare);
 
-  log(severity, domain, "%d connections have failed%s", total,
+  tor_log(severity, domain, "%d connections have failed%s", total,
       smartlist_len(items) > MAX_REASONS_TO_REPORT ? ". Top reasons:" : ":");
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(items, const broken_state_count_t *, c) {
     if (c_sl_idx > MAX_REASONS_TO_REPORT)
       break;
-    log(severity, domain,
+    tor_log(severity, domain,
         " %d connections died in state %s", (int)c->count, c->state);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(c);
 
@@ -282,6 +308,39 @@ connection_or_report_broken_states(int severity, int domain)
   smartlist_free(items);
 }
 
+/** Call this to change or_connection_t states, so the owning channel_tls_t can
+ * be notified.
+ */
+
+static void
+connection_or_change_state(or_connection_t *conn, uint8_t state)
+{
+  uint8_t old_state;
+
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  old_state = conn->base_.state;
+  conn->base_.state = state;
+
+  if (conn->chan)
+    channel_tls_handle_state_change_on_orconn(conn->chan, conn,
+                                              old_state, state);
+}
+
+/** Return the number of circuits using an or_connection_t; this used to
+ * be an or_connection_t field, but it got moved to channel_t and we
+ * shouldn't maintain two copies. */
+
+int
+connection_or_get_num_circuits(or_connection_t *conn)
+{
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  if (conn->chan) {
+    return channel_num_circuits(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+  } else return 0;
+}
+
 /**************************************************************/
 
 /** Pack the cell_t host-order structure <b>src</b> into network-order
@@ -292,33 +351,56 @@ connection_or_report_broken_states(int severity, int domain)
  * should set it or clear it as appropriate.
  */
 void
-cell_pack(packed_cell_t *dst, const cell_t *src)
+cell_pack(packed_cell_t *dst, const cell_t *src, int wide_circ_ids)
 {
   char *dest = dst->body;
-  set_uint16(dest, htons(src->circ_id));
-  *(uint8_t*)(dest+2) = src->command;
-  memcpy(dest+3, src->payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+  if (wide_circ_ids) {
+    set_uint32(dest, htonl(src->circ_id));
+    dest += 4;
+  } else {
+    set_uint16(dest, htons(src->circ_id));
+    dest += 2;
+    memset(dest+CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE-2, 0, 2); /*make sure it's clear */
+  }
+  set_uint8(dest, src->command);
+  memcpy(dest+1, src->payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
 }
 
 /** Unpack the network-order buffer <b>src</b> into a host-order
  * cell_t structure <b>dest</b>.
  */
 static void
-cell_unpack(cell_t *dest, const char *src)
+cell_unpack(cell_t *dest, const char *src, int wide_circ_ids)
 {
-  dest->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(src));
-  dest->command = *(uint8_t*)(src+2);
-  memcpy(dest->payload, src+3, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+  if (wide_circ_ids) {
+    dest->circ_id = ntohl(get_uint32(src));
+    src += 4;
+  } else {
+    dest->circ_id = ntohs(get_uint16(src));
+    src += 2;
+  }
+  dest->command = get_uint8(src);
+  memcpy(dest->payload, src+1, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
 }
 
-/** Write the header of <b>cell</b> into the first VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE
- * bytes of <b>hdr_out</b>. */
-void
-var_cell_pack_header(const var_cell_t *cell, char *hdr_out)
+/** Write the header of <b>cell</b> into the first VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE
+ * bytes of <b>hdr_out</b>. Returns number of bytes used. */
+int
+var_cell_pack_header(const var_cell_t *cell, char *hdr_out, int wide_circ_ids)
 {
-  set_uint16(hdr_out, htons(cell->circ_id));
-  set_uint8(hdr_out+2, cell->command);
-  set_uint16(hdr_out+3, htons(cell->payload_len));
+  int r;
+  if (wide_circ_ids) {
+    set_uint32(hdr_out, htonl(cell->circ_id));
+    hdr_out += 4;
+    r = VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
+  } else {
+    set_uint16(hdr_out, htons(cell->circ_id));
+    hdr_out += 2;
+    r = VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE - 2;
+  }
+  set_uint8(hdr_out, cell->command);
+  set_uint16(hdr_out+1, htons(cell->payload_len));
+  return r;
 }
 
 /** Allocate and return a new var_cell_t with <b>payload_len</b> bytes of
@@ -327,7 +409,7 @@ var_cell_t *
 var_cell_new(uint16_t payload_len)
 {
   size_t size = STRUCT_OFFSET(var_cell_t, payload) + payload_len;
-  var_cell_t *cell = tor_malloc(size);
+  var_cell_t *cell = tor_malloc_zero(size);
   cell->payload_len = payload_len;
   cell->command = 0;
   cell->circ_id = 0;
@@ -345,8 +427,11 @@ var_cell_free(var_cell_t *cell)
 int
 connection_or_reached_eof(or_connection_t *conn)
 {
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
   log_info(LD_OR,"OR connection reached EOF. Closing.");
-  connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+  connection_or_close_normally(conn, 1);
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -366,7 +451,7 @@ connection_or_process_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
   int ret = 0;
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case OR_CONN_STATE_PROXY_HANDSHAKING:
       ret = connection_read_proxy_handshake(TO_CONN(conn));
 
@@ -375,9 +460,12 @@ connection_or_process_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
         tor_assert(TO_CONN(conn)->proxy_state == PROXY_CONNECTED);
         if (connection_tls_start_handshake(conn, 0) < 0)
           ret = -1;
+        /* Touch the channel's active timestamp if there is one */
+        if (conn->chan)
+          channel_timestamp_active(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
       }
       if (ret < 0) {
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+        connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
       }
 
       return ret;
@@ -385,7 +473,7 @@ connection_or_process_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
       if (tor_tls_server_got_renegotiate(conn->tls))
         connection_or_tls_renegotiated_cb(conn->tls, conn);
-      if (conn->_base.marked_for_close)
+      if (conn->base_.marked_for_close)
         return 0;
       /* fall through. */
 #endif
@@ -403,14 +491,14 @@ connection_or_process_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
    *
    * XXX024 Remove this check once we verify that the above paragraph is
    * 100% true. */
-  if (buf_datalen(conn->_base.inbuf) > MAX_OR_INBUF_WHEN_NONOPEN) {
+  if (buf_datalen(conn->base_.inbuf) > MAX_OR_INBUF_WHEN_NONOPEN) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_NET, "Accumulated too much data (%d bytes) "
            "on nonopen OR connection %s %s:%u in state %s; closing.",
-           (int)buf_datalen(conn->_base.inbuf),
+           (int)buf_datalen(conn->base_.inbuf),
            connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn) ? "to" : "from",
-           conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port,
-           conn_state_to_string(conn->_base.type, conn->_base.state));
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+           conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port,
+           conn_state_to_string(conn->base_.type, conn->base_.state));
+    connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
     ret = -1;
   }
 
@@ -430,18 +518,32 @@ connection_or_process_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
 int
 connection_or_flushed_some(or_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  size_t datalen = connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn));
+  size_t datalen, temp;
+  ssize_t n, flushed;
+  size_t cell_network_size = get_cell_network_size(conn->wide_circ_ids);
+
   /* If we're under the low water mark, add cells until we're just over the
    * high water mark. */
+  datalen = connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn));
   if (datalen < OR_CONN_LOWWATER) {
-    ssize_t n = CEIL_DIV(OR_CONN_HIGHWATER - datalen, CELL_NETWORK_SIZE);
-    time_t now = approx_time();
-    while (conn->active_circuits && n > 0) {
-      int flushed;
-      flushed = connection_or_flush_from_first_active_circuit(conn, 1, now);
-      n -= flushed;
+    while ((conn->chan) && channel_tls_more_to_flush(conn->chan)) {
+      /* Compute how many more cells we want at most */
+      n = CEIL_DIV(OR_CONN_HIGHWATER - datalen, cell_network_size);
+      /* Bail out if we don't want any more */
+      if (n <= 0) break;
+      /* We're still here; try to flush some more cells */
+      flushed = channel_tls_flush_some_cells(conn->chan, n);
+      /* Bail out if it says it didn't flush anything */
+      if (flushed <= 0) break;
+      /* How much in the outbuf now? */
+      temp = connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn));
+      /* Bail out if we didn't actually increase the outbuf size */
+      if (temp <= datalen) break;
+      /* Update datalen for the next iteration */
+      datalen = temp;
     }
   }
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -459,14 +561,14 @@ connection_or_finished_flushing(or_connection_t *conn)
   tor_assert(conn);
   assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(conn),0);
 
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case OR_CONN_STATE_PROXY_HANDSHAKING:
     case OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN:
     case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2:
     case OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3:
       break;
     default:
-      log_err(LD_BUG,"Called in unexpected state %d.", conn->_base.state);
+      log_err(LD_BUG,"Called in unexpected state %d.", conn->base_.state);
       tor_fragile_assert();
       return -1;
   }
@@ -480,6 +582,7 @@ connection_or_finished_connecting(or_connection_t *or_conn)
 {
   const int proxy_type = or_conn->proxy_type;
   connection_t *conn;
+
   tor_assert(or_conn);
   conn = TO_CONN(or_conn);
   tor_assert(conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING);
@@ -491,18 +594,18 @@ connection_or_finished_connecting(or_connection_t *or_conn)
   if (proxy_type != PROXY_NONE) {
     /* start proxy handshake */
     if (connection_proxy_connect(conn, proxy_type) < 0) {
-      connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+      connection_or_close_for_error(or_conn, 0);
       return -1;
     }
 
     connection_start_reading(conn);
-    conn->state = OR_CONN_STATE_PROXY_HANDSHAKING;
+    connection_or_change_state(or_conn, OR_CONN_STATE_PROXY_HANDSHAKING);
     return 0;
   }
 
   if (connection_tls_start_handshake(or_conn, 0) < 0) {
     /* TLS handshaking error of some kind. */
-    connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+    connection_or_close_for_error(or_conn, 0);
     return -1;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -516,11 +619,19 @@ connection_or_about_to_close(or_connection_t *or_conn)
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   connection_t *conn = TO_CONN(or_conn);
 
+  /* Tell the controlling channel we're closed */
+  if (or_conn->chan) {
+    channel_closed(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan));
+    /*
+     * NULL this out because the channel might hang around a little
+     * longer before channel_run_cleanup() gets it.
+     */
+    or_conn->chan->conn = NULL;
+    or_conn->chan = NULL;
+  }
+
   /* Remember why we're closing this connection. */
   if (conn->state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) {
-    /* Inform any pending (not attached) circs that they should
-     * give up. */
-    circuit_n_conn_done(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
     /* now mark things down as needed */
     if (connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(or_conn)) {
       const or_options_t *options = get_options();
@@ -548,9 +659,6 @@ connection_or_about_to_close(or_connection_t *or_conn)
     control_event_or_conn_status(or_conn, OR_CONN_EVENT_CLOSED,
                 tls_error_to_orconn_end_reason(or_conn->tls_error));
   }
-  /* Now close all the attached circuits on it. */
-  circuit_unlink_all_from_or_conn(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
-                                  END_CIRC_REASON_OR_CONN_CLOSED);
 }
 
 /** Return 1 if identity digest <b>id_digest</b> is known to be a
@@ -613,8 +721,8 @@ connection_or_update_token_buckets_helper(or_connection_t *conn, int reset,
     cfg = ev_token_bucket_cfg_new(rate_per_tick, burst, rate_per_tick,
                                   burst, tick);
     old_cfg = conn->bucket_cfg;
-    if (conn->_base.bufev)
-      tor_set_bufferevent_rate_limit(conn->_base.bufev, cfg);
+    if (conn->base_.bufev)
+      tor_set_bufferevent_rate_limit(conn->base_.bufev, cfg);
     if (old_cfg)
       ev_token_bucket_cfg_free(old_cfg);
     conn->bucket_cfg = cfg;
@@ -663,15 +771,15 @@ connection_or_init_conn_from_address(or_connection_t *conn,
   connection_or_set_identity_digest(conn, id_digest);
   connection_or_update_token_buckets_helper(conn, 1, get_options());
 
-  conn->_base.port = port;
-  tor_addr_copy(&conn->_base.addr, addr);
+  conn->base_.port = port;
+  tor_addr_copy(&conn->base_.addr, addr);
   tor_addr_copy(&conn->real_addr, addr);
   if (r) {
     tor_addr_port_t node_ap;
     node_get_pref_orport(r, &node_ap);
     /* XXXX proposal 186 is making this more complex.  For now, a conn
        is canonical when it uses the _preferred_ address. */
-    if (tor_addr_eq(&conn->_base.addr, &node_ap.addr))
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&conn->base_.addr, &node_ap.addr))
       conn->is_canonical = 1;
     if (!started_here) {
       /* Override the addr/port, so our log messages will make sense.
@@ -684,12 +792,12 @@ connection_or_init_conn_from_address(or_connection_t *conn,
        * right IP address and port 56244, that wouldn't be as helpful. now we
        * log the "right" port too, so we know if it's moria1 or moria2.
        */
-      tor_addr_copy(&conn->_base.addr, &node_ap.addr);
-      conn->_base.port = node_ap.port;
+      tor_addr_copy(&conn->base_.addr, &node_ap.addr);
+      conn->base_.port = node_ap.port;
     }
     conn->nickname = tor_strdup(node_get_nickname(r));
-    tor_free(conn->_base.address);
-    conn->_base.address = tor_dup_addr(&node_ap.addr);
+    tor_free(conn->base_.address);
+    conn->base_.address = tor_dup_addr(&node_ap.addr);
   } else {
     const char *n;
     /* If we're an authoritative directory server, we may know a
@@ -703,157 +811,31 @@ connection_or_init_conn_from_address(or_connection_t *conn,
       base16_encode(conn->nickname+1, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1,
                     conn->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
     }
-    tor_free(conn->_base.address);
-    conn->_base.address = tor_dup_addr(addr);
+    tor_free(conn->base_.address);
+    conn->base_.address = tor_dup_addr(addr);
   }
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>a</b> is "better" than <b>b</b> for new circuits.
- *
- * A more canonical connection is always better than a less canonical
- * connection.  That aside, a connection is better if it has circuits and the
- * other does not, or if it was created more recently.
- *
- * Requires that both input connections are open; not is_bad_for_new_circs,
- * and not impossibly non-canonical.
- *
- * If <b>forgive_new_connections</b> is true, then we do not call
- * <b>a</b>better than <b>b</b> simply because b has no circuits,
- * unless b is also relatively old.
- */
-static int
-connection_or_is_better(time_t now,
-                        const or_connection_t *a,
-                        const or_connection_t *b,
-                        int forgive_new_connections)
-{
-  int newer;
-/** Do not definitively deprecate a new connection with no circuits on it
- * until this much time has passed. */
-#define NEW_CONN_GRACE_PERIOD (15*60)
-
-  if (b->is_canonical && !a->is_canonical)
-    return 0; /* A canonical connection is better than a non-canonical
-               * one, no matter how new it is or which has circuits. */
-
-  newer = b->_base.timestamp_created < a->_base.timestamp_created;
-
-  if (
-      /* We prefer canonical connections regardless of newness. */
-      (!b->is_canonical && a->is_canonical) ||
-      /* If both have circuits we prefer the newer: */
-      (b->n_circuits && a->n_circuits && newer) ||
-      /* If neither has circuits we prefer the newer: */
-      (!b->n_circuits && !a->n_circuits && newer))
-    return 1;
+/** These just pass all the is_bad_for_new_circs manipulation on to
+ * channel_t */
 
-  /* If one has no circuits and the other does... */
-  if (!b->n_circuits && a->n_circuits) {
-    /* Then it's bad, unless it's in its grace period and we're forgiving. */
-    if (forgive_new_connections &&
-        now < b->_base.timestamp_created + NEW_CONN_GRACE_PERIOD)
-      return 0;
-    else
-      return 1;
-  }
+static unsigned int
+connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_connection_t *or_conn)
+{
+  tor_assert(or_conn);
 
-  return 0;
+  if (or_conn->chan)
+    return channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan));
+  else return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return the OR connection we should use to extend a circuit to the router
- * whose identity is <b>digest</b>, and whose address we believe (or have been
- * told in an extend cell) is <b>target_addr</b>.  If there is no good
- * connection, set *<b>msg_out</b> to a message describing the connection's
- * state and our next action, and set <b>launch_out</b> to a boolean for
- * whether we should launch a new connection or not.
- */
-or_connection_t *
-connection_or_get_for_extend(const char *digest,
-                             const tor_addr_t *target_addr,
-                             const char **msg_out,
-                             int *launch_out)
+static void
+connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_connection_t *or_conn)
 {
-  or_connection_t *conn, *best=NULL;
-  int n_inprogress_goodaddr = 0, n_old = 0, n_noncanonical = 0, n_possible = 0;
-  time_t now = approx_time();
-
-  tor_assert(msg_out);
-  tor_assert(launch_out);
-
-  if (!orconn_identity_map) {
-    *msg_out = "Router not connected (nothing is).  Connecting.";
-    *launch_out = 1;
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  conn = digestmap_get(orconn_identity_map, digest);
-
-  for (; conn; conn = conn->next_with_same_id) {
-    tor_assert(conn->_base.magic == OR_CONNECTION_MAGIC);
-    tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_OR);
-    tor_assert(tor_memeq(conn->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN));
-    if (conn->_base.marked_for_close)
-      continue;
-    /* Never return a connection on which the other end appears to be
-     * a client. */
-    if (conn->is_connection_with_client) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    /* Never return a non-open connection. */
-    if (conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) {
-      /* If the address matches, don't launch a new connection for this
-       * circuit. */
-      if (!tor_addr_compare(&conn->real_addr, target_addr, CMP_EXACT))
-        ++n_inprogress_goodaddr;
-      continue;
-    }
-    /* Never return a connection that shouldn't be used for circs. */
-    if (conn->is_bad_for_new_circs) {
-      ++n_old;
-      continue;
-    }
-    /* Never return a non-canonical connection using a recent link protocol
-     * if the address is not what we wanted.
-     *
-     * (For old link protocols, we can't rely on is_canonical getting
-     * set properly if we're talking to the right address, since we might
-     * have an out-of-date descriptor, and we will get no NETINFO cell to
-     * tell us about the right address.) */
-    if (!conn->is_canonical && conn->link_proto >= 2 &&
-        tor_addr_compare(&conn->real_addr, target_addr, CMP_EXACT)) {
-      ++n_noncanonical;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    ++n_possible;
-
-    if (!best) {
-      best = conn; /* If we have no 'best' so far, this one is good enough. */
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (connection_or_is_better(now, conn, best, 0))
-      best = conn;
-  }
+  tor_assert(or_conn);
 
-  if (best) {
-    *msg_out = "Connection is fine; using it.";
-    *launch_out = 0;
-    return best;
-  } else if (n_inprogress_goodaddr) {
-    *msg_out = "Connection in progress; waiting.";
-    *launch_out = 0;
-    return NULL;
-  } else if (n_old || n_noncanonical) {
-    *msg_out = "Connections all too old, or too non-canonical. "
-      " Launching a new one.";
-    *launch_out = 1;
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    *msg_out = "Not connected. Connecting.";
-    *launch_out = 1;
-    return NULL;
-  }
+  if (or_conn->chan)
+    channel_mark_bad_for_new_circs(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan));
 }
 
 /** How old do we let a connection to an OR get before deciding it's
@@ -874,8 +856,8 @@ connection_or_get_for_extend(const char *digest,
  *    - all open non-canonical connections for which a 'better' non-canonical
  *      connection exists to the same router at the same address.
  *
- * See connection_or_is_better() for our idea of what makes one OR connection
- * better than another.
+ * See channel_is_better() in channel.c for our idea of what makes one OR
+ * connection better than another.
  */
 static void
 connection_or_group_set_badness(or_connection_t *head, int force)
@@ -887,23 +869,23 @@ connection_or_group_set_badness(or_connection_t *head, int force)
   /* Pass 1: expire everything that's old, and see what the status of
    * everything else is. */
   for (or_conn = head; or_conn; or_conn = or_conn->next_with_same_id) {
-    if (or_conn->_base.marked_for_close ||
-        or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs)
+    if (or_conn->base_.marked_for_close ||
+        connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn))
       continue;
     if (force ||
-        or_conn->_base.timestamp_created + TIME_BEFORE_OR_CONN_IS_TOO_OLD
+        or_conn->base_.timestamp_created + TIME_BEFORE_OR_CONN_IS_TOO_OLD
           < now) {
       log_info(LD_OR,
                "Marking OR conn to %s:%d as too old for new circuits "
-               "(fd %d, %d secs old).",
-               or_conn->_base.address, or_conn->_base.port, or_conn->_base.s,
-               (int)(now - or_conn->_base.timestamp_created));
-      or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+               "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT", %d secs old).",
+               or_conn->base_.address, or_conn->base_.port, or_conn->base_.s,
+               (int)(now - or_conn->base_.timestamp_created));
+      connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn);
     }
 
-    if (or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs) {
+    if (connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn)) {
       ++n_old;
-    } else if (or_conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) {
+    } else if (or_conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) {
       ++n_inprogress;
     } else if (or_conn->is_canonical) {
       ++n_canonical;
@@ -915,10 +897,10 @@ connection_or_group_set_badness(or_connection_t *head, int force)
   /* Pass 2: We know how about how good the best connection is.
    * expire everything that's worse, and find the very best if we can. */
   for (or_conn = head; or_conn; or_conn = or_conn->next_with_same_id) {
-    if (or_conn->_base.marked_for_close ||
-        or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs)
+    if (or_conn->base_.marked_for_close ||
+        connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn))
       continue; /* This one doesn't need to be marked bad. */
-    if (or_conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
+    if (or_conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
       continue; /* Don't mark anything bad until we have seen what happens
                  * when the connection finishes. */
     if (n_canonical && !or_conn->is_canonical) {
@@ -926,16 +908,21 @@ connection_or_group_set_badness(or_connection_t *head, int force)
        * and this one is open but not canonical.  Mark it bad. */
       log_info(LD_OR,
                "Marking OR conn to %s:%d as unsuitable for new circuits: "
-               "(fd %d, %d secs old).  It is not canonical, and we have "
-               "another connection to that OR that is.",
-               or_conn->_base.address, or_conn->_base.port, or_conn->_base.s,
-               (int)(now - or_conn->_base.timestamp_created));
-      or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+               "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT", %d secs old).  It is not "
+               "canonical, and we have another connection to that OR that is.",
+               or_conn->base_.address, or_conn->base_.port, or_conn->base_.s,
+               (int)(now - or_conn->base_.timestamp_created));
+      connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn);
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (!best || connection_or_is_better(now, or_conn, best, 0))
+    if (!best ||
+        channel_is_better(now,
+                          TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan),
+                          TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(best->chan),
+                          0)) {
       best = or_conn;
+    }
   }
 
   if (!best)
@@ -956,32 +943,37 @@ connection_or_group_set_badness(or_connection_t *head, int force)
    *   "mostly harmless", so a fix can wait until somebody is bored.
    */
   for (or_conn = head; or_conn; or_conn = or_conn->next_with_same_id) {
-    if (or_conn->_base.marked_for_close ||
-        or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs ||
-        or_conn->_base.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
+    if (or_conn->base_.marked_for_close ||
+        connection_or_is_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn) ||
+        or_conn->base_.state != OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
       continue;
-    if (or_conn != best && connection_or_is_better(now, best, or_conn, 1)) {
+    if (or_conn != best &&
+        channel_is_better(now,
+                          TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(best->chan),
+                          TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan), 1)) {
       /* This isn't the best conn, _and_ the best conn is better than it,
          even when we're being forgiving. */
       if (best->is_canonical) {
         log_info(LD_OR,
                  "Marking OR conn to %s:%d as unsuitable for new circuits: "
-                 "(fd %d, %d secs old).  We have a better canonical one "
-                 "(fd %d; %d secs old).",
-                 or_conn->_base.address, or_conn->_base.port, or_conn->_base.s,
-                 (int)(now - or_conn->_base.timestamp_created),
-                 best->_base.s, (int)(now - best->_base.timestamp_created));
-        or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+                 "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT", %d secs old). "
+                 "We have a better canonical one "
+                 "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT"; %d secs old).",
+                 or_conn->base_.address, or_conn->base_.port, or_conn->base_.s,
+                 (int)(now - or_conn->base_.timestamp_created),
+                 best->base_.s, (int)(now - best->base_.timestamp_created));
+        connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn);
       } else if (!tor_addr_compare(&or_conn->real_addr,
                                    &best->real_addr, CMP_EXACT)) {
         log_info(LD_OR,
                  "Marking OR conn to %s:%d as unsuitable for new circuits: "
-                 "(fd %d, %d secs old).  We have a better one with the "
-                 "same address (fd %d; %d secs old).",
-                 or_conn->_base.address, or_conn->_base.port, or_conn->_base.s,
-                 (int)(now - or_conn->_base.timestamp_created),
-                 best->_base.s, (int)(now - best->_base.timestamp_created));
-        or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs = 1;
+                 "(fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT", %d secs old).  We have a better "
+                 "one with the "
+                 "same address (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT"; %d secs old).",
+                 or_conn->base_.address, or_conn->base_.port, or_conn->base_.s,
+                 (int)(now - or_conn->base_.timestamp_created),
+                 best->base_.s, (int)(now - best->base_.timestamp_created));
+        connection_or_mark_bad_for_new_circs(or_conn);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1019,8 +1011,41 @@ connection_or_connect_failed(or_connection_t *conn,
     control_event_bootstrap_problem(msg, reason);
 }
 
+/** <b>conn</b> got an error in connection_handle_read_impl() or
+ * connection_handle_write_impl() and is going to die soon.
+ *
+ * <b>reason</b> specifies the or_conn_end_reason for the failure;
+ * <b>msg</b> specifies the strerror-style error message.
+ */
+void
+connection_or_notify_error(or_connection_t *conn,
+                           int reason, const char *msg)
+{
+  channel_t *chan;
+
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  /* If we're connecting, call connect_failed() too */
+  if (TO_CONN(conn)->state == OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING)
+    connection_or_connect_failed(conn, reason, msg);
+
+  /* Tell the controlling channel if we have one */
+  if (conn->chan) {
+    chan = TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan);
+    /* Don't transition if we're already in closing, closed or error */
+    if (!(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+      channel_close_for_error(chan);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* No need to mark for error because connection.c is about to do that */
+}
+
 /** Launch a new OR connection to <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> and expect to
- * handshake with an OR with identity digest <b>id_digest</b>.
+ * handshake with an OR with identity digest <b>id_digest</b>.  Optionally,
+ * pass in a pointer to a channel using this connection.
  *
  * If <b>id_digest</b> is me, do nothing. If we're already connected to it,
  * return that connection. If the connect() is in progress, set the
@@ -1035,7 +1060,8 @@ connection_or_connect_failed(or_connection_t *conn,
  */
 or_connection_t *
 connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
-                      const char *id_digest)
+                      const char *id_digest,
+                      channel_tls_t *chan)
 {
   or_connection_t *conn;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
@@ -1058,9 +1084,17 @@ connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
 
   conn = or_connection_new(tor_addr_family(&addr));
 
-  /* set up conn so it's got all the data we need to remember */
+  /*
+   * Set up conn so it's got all the data we need to remember for channels
+   *
+   * This stuff needs to happen before connection_or_init_conn_from_address()
+   * so connection_or_set_identity_digest() and such know where to look to
+   * keep the channel up to date.
+   */
+  conn->chan = chan;
+  chan->conn = conn;
   connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn, &addr, port, id_digest, 1);
-  conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
+  connection_or_change_state(conn, OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING);
   control_event_or_conn_status(conn, OR_CONN_EVENT_LAUNCHED, 0);
 
   conn->is_outgoing = 1;
@@ -1072,7 +1106,7 @@ connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
     if (proxy_type != PROXY_NONE) {
       tor_addr_copy(&addr, &proxy_addr);
       port = proxy_port;
-      conn->_base.proxy_state = PROXY_INFANT;
+      conn->base_.proxy_state = PROXY_INFANT;
     }
   } else {
     /* get_proxy_addrport() might fail if we have a Bridge line that
@@ -1084,29 +1118,29 @@ connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
                                              TO_CONN(conn)->port);
 
     if (transport_name) {
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "We were supposed to connect to bridge '%s:%u' "
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "We were supposed to connect to bridge '%s' "
                "using pluggable transport '%s', but we can't find a pluggable "
                "transport proxy supporting '%s'. This can happen if you "
                "haven't provided a ClientTransportPlugin line, or if "
                "your pluggable transport proxy stopped running.",
-               fmt_addr(&TO_CONN(conn)->addr), TO_CONN(conn)->port,
+               fmt_addrport(&TO_CONN(conn)->addr, TO_CONN(conn)->port),
                transport_name, transport_name);
     } else {
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Tried to connect to '%s:%u' through a proxy, but "
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Tried to connect to '%s' through a proxy, but "
                "the proxy address could not be found.",
-               fmt_addr(&TO_CONN(conn)->addr), TO_CONN(conn)->port);
+               fmt_addrport(&TO_CONN(conn)->addr, TO_CONN(conn)->port));
     }
 
     connection_free(TO_CONN(conn));
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  switch (connection_connect(TO_CONN(conn), conn->_base.address,
+  switch (connection_connect(TO_CONN(conn), conn->base_.address,
                              &addr, port, &socket_error)) {
     case -1:
       /* If the connection failed immediately, and we're using
        * a proxy, our proxy is down. Don't blame the Tor server. */
-      if (conn->_base.proxy_state == PROXY_INFANT)
+      if (conn->base_.proxy_state == PROXY_INFANT)
         entry_guard_register_connect_status(conn->identity_digest,
                                             0, 1, time(NULL));
       connection_or_connect_failed(conn,
@@ -1129,6 +1163,62 @@ connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
   return conn;
 }
 
+/** Mark orconn for close and transition the associated channel, if any, to
+ * the closing state.
+ *
+ * It's safe to call this and connection_or_close_for_error() any time, and
+ * channel layer will treat it as a connection closing for reasons outside
+ * its control, like the remote end closing it.  It can also be a local
+ * reason that's specific to connection_t/or_connection_t rather than
+ * the channel mechanism, such as expiration of old connections in
+ * run_connection_housekeeping().  If you want to close a channel_t
+ * from somewhere that logically works in terms of generic channels
+ * rather than connections, use channel_mark_for_close(); see also
+ * the comment on that function in channel.c.
+ */
+
+void
+connection_or_close_normally(or_connection_t *orconn, int flush)
+{
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(orconn);
+  if (flush) connection_mark_and_flush_internal(TO_CONN(orconn));
+  else connection_mark_for_close_internal(TO_CONN(orconn));
+  if (orconn->chan) {
+    chan = TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(orconn->chan);
+    /* Don't transition if we're already in closing, closed or error */
+    if (!(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+      channel_close_from_lower_layer(chan);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Mark orconn for close and transition the associated channel, if any, to
+ * the error state.
+ */
+
+void
+connection_or_close_for_error(or_connection_t *orconn, int flush)
+{
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(orconn);
+  if (flush) connection_mark_and_flush_internal(TO_CONN(orconn));
+  else connection_mark_for_close_internal(TO_CONN(orconn));
+  if (orconn->chan) {
+    chan = TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(orconn->chan);
+    /* Don't transition if we're already in closing, closed or error */
+    if (!(chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED ||
+          chan->state == CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR)) {
+      channel_close_for_error(chan);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /** Begin the tls handshake with <b>conn</b>. <b>receiving</b> is 0 if
  * we initiated the connection, else it's 1.
  *
@@ -1140,29 +1230,46 @@ connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *_addr, uint16_t port,
 int
 connection_tls_start_handshake(or_connection_t *conn, int receiving)
 {
-  conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING;
+  channel_listener_t *chan_listener;
+  channel_t *chan;
+
+  /* Incoming connections will need a new channel passed to the
+   * channel_tls_listener */
+  if (receiving) {
+    /* It shouldn't already be set */
+    tor_assert(!(conn->chan));
+    chan_listener = channel_tls_get_listener();
+    if (!chan_listener) {
+      chan_listener = channel_tls_start_listener();
+      command_setup_listener(chan_listener);
+    }
+    chan = channel_tls_handle_incoming(conn);
+    channel_listener_queue_incoming(chan_listener, chan);
+  }
+
+  connection_or_change_state(conn, OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING);
   tor_assert(!conn->tls);
-  conn->tls = tor_tls_new(conn->_base.s, receiving);
+  conn->tls = tor_tls_new(conn->base_.s, receiving);
   if (!conn->tls) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"tor_tls_new failed. Closing.");
     return -1;
   }
   tor_tls_set_logged_address(conn->tls, // XXX client and relay?
-      escaped_safe_str(conn->_base.address));
+      escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
 
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
   if (connection_type_uses_bufferevent(TO_CONN(conn))) {
-    const int filtering = get_options()->_UseFilteringSSLBufferevents;
+    const int filtering = get_options()->UseFilteringSSLBufferevents;
     struct bufferevent *b =
-      tor_tls_init_bufferevent(conn->tls, conn->_base.bufev, conn->_base.s,
+      tor_tls_init_bufferevent(conn->tls, conn->base_.bufev, conn->base_.s,
                                receiving, filtering);
     if (!b) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG,"tor_tls_init_bufferevent failed. Closing.");
       return -1;
     }
-    conn->_base.bufev = b;
+    conn->base_.bufev = b;
     if (conn->bucket_cfg)
-      tor_set_bufferevent_rate_limit(conn->_base.bufev, conn->bucket_cfg);
+      tor_set_bufferevent_rate_limit(conn->base_.bufev, conn->bucket_cfg);
     connection_enable_rate_limiting(TO_CONN(conn));
 
     connection_configure_bufferevent_callbacks(TO_CONN(conn));
@@ -1174,7 +1281,8 @@ connection_tls_start_handshake(or_connection_t *conn, int receiving)
   }
 #endif
   connection_start_reading(TO_CONN(conn));
-  log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,"starting TLS handshake on fd %d", conn->_base.s);
+  log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,"starting TLS handshake on fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT,
+            conn->base_.s);
   note_crypto_pk_op(receiving ? TLS_HANDSHAKE_S : TLS_HANDSHAKE_C);
 
   IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(TO_CONN(conn), {
@@ -1211,7 +1319,7 @@ connection_or_tls_renegotiated_cb(tor_tls_t *tls, void *_conn)
   if (connection_tls_finish_handshake(conn) < 0) {
     /* XXXX_TLS double-check that it's ok to do this from inside read. */
     /* XXXX_TLS double-check that this verifies certificates. */
-    connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+    connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1226,12 +1334,12 @@ connection_tls_continue_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
   int result;
   check_no_tls_errors();
  again:
-  if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING) {
+  if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING) {
     // log_notice(LD_OR, "Renegotiate with %p", conn->tls);
     result = tor_tls_renegotiate(conn->tls);
     // log_notice(LD_OR, "Result: %d", result);
   } else {
-    tor_assert(conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING);
+    tor_assert(conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING);
     // log_notice(LD_OR, "Continue handshake with %p", conn->tls);
     result = tor_tls_handshake(conn->tls);
     // log_notice(LD_OR, "Result: %d", result);
@@ -1244,19 +1352,21 @@ connection_tls_continue_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
     case TOR_TLS_DONE:
       if (! tor_tls_used_v1_handshake(conn->tls)) {
         if (!tor_tls_is_server(conn->tls)) {
-          if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
+          if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
             if (tor_tls_received_v3_certificate(conn->tls)) {
               log_info(LD_OR, "Client got a v3 cert!  Moving on to v3 "
-                         "handshake.");
+                       "handshake with ciphersuite %s",
+                       tor_tls_get_ciphersuite_name(conn->tls));
               return connection_or_launch_v3_or_handshake(conn);
             } else {
               log_debug(LD_OR, "Done with initial SSL handshake (client-side)."
                         " Requesting renegotiation.");
-              conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING;
+              connection_or_change_state(conn,
+                  OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING);
               goto again;
             }
           }
-          // log_notice(LD_OR,"Done. state was %d.", conn->_base.state);
+          // log_notice(LD_OR,"Done. state was %d.", conn->base_.state);
         } else {
           /* v2/v3 handshake, but not a client. */
           log_debug(LD_OR, "Done with initial SSL handshake (server-side). "
@@ -1264,7 +1374,8 @@ connection_tls_continue_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
           tor_tls_set_renegotiate_callback(conn->tls,
                                            connection_or_tls_renegotiated_cb,
                                            conn);
-          conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING;
+          connection_or_change_state(conn,
+              OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING);
           connection_stop_writing(TO_CONN(conn));
           connection_start_reading(TO_CONN(conn));
           return 0;
@@ -1294,28 +1405,29 @@ connection_or_handle_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event,
 
   /* XXXX cut-and-paste code; should become a function. */
   if (event & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED) {
-    if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
+    if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
       if (tor_tls_finish_handshake(conn->tls) < 0) {
         log_warn(LD_OR, "Problem finishing handshake");
-        connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+        connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
         return;
       }
     }
 
     if (! tor_tls_used_v1_handshake(conn->tls)) {
       if (!tor_tls_is_server(conn->tls)) {
-        if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
+        if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_HANDSHAKING) {
           if (tor_tls_received_v3_certificate(conn->tls)) {
             log_info(LD_OR, "Client got a v3 cert!");
             if (connection_or_launch_v3_or_handshake(conn) < 0)
-              connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+              connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
             return;
           } else {
-            conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING;
+            connection_or_change_state(conn,
+                OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATING);
             tor_tls_unblock_renegotiation(conn->tls);
-            if (bufferevent_ssl_renegotiate(conn->_base.bufev)<0) {
+            if (bufferevent_ssl_renegotiate(conn->base_.bufev)<0) {
               log_warn(LD_OR, "Start_renegotiating went badly.");
-              connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+              connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
             }
             tor_tls_unblock_renegotiation(conn->tls);
             return; /* ???? */
@@ -1330,7 +1442,8 @@ connection_or_handle_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event,
           tor_tls_set_renegotiate_callback(conn->tls,
                                            connection_or_tls_renegotiated_cb,
                                            conn);
-          conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING;
+          connection_or_change_state(conn,
+              OR_CONN_STATE_TLS_SERVER_RENEGOTIATING);
         } else if (handshakes == 2) {
           /* v2 handshake, as a server.  Two handshakes happened already,
            * so we treat renegotiation as done.
@@ -1339,18 +1452,18 @@ connection_or_handle_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event,
         } else if (handshakes > 2) {
           log_warn(LD_OR, "More than two handshakes done on connection. "
                    "Closing.");
-          connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+          connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
         } else {
           log_warn(LD_BUG, "We were unexpectedly told that a connection "
                    "got %d handshakes. Closing.", handshakes);
-          connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
+          connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0);
         }
         return;
       }
     }
     connection_watch_events(TO_CONN(conn), READ_EVENT|WRITE_EVENT);
     if (connection_tls_finish_handshake(conn) < 0)
-      connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn)); /* ???? */
+      connection_or_close_for_error(conn, 0); /* ???? */
     return;
   }
 
@@ -1372,7 +1485,7 @@ connection_or_handle_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bufev, short event,
 int
 connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(or_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_OR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_OR);
   if (!conn->tls)
     return 1; /* it's still in proxy states or something */
   if (conn->handshake_state)
@@ -1380,29 +1493,6 @@ connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(or_connection_t *conn)
   return !tor_tls_is_server(conn->tls);
 }
 
-/** Set the circid_type field of <b>conn</b> (which determines which part of
- * the circuit ID space we're willing to use) based on comparing our ID to
- * <b>identity_rcvd</b> */
-void
-connection_or_set_circid_type(or_connection_t *conn,
-                              crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd)
-{
-  const int started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn);
-  crypto_pk_t *our_identity =
-    started_here ? get_tlsclient_identity_key() :
-                   get_server_identity_key();
-
-  if (identity_rcvd) {
-    if (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(our_identity, identity_rcvd)<0) {
-      conn->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_LOWER;
-    } else {
-      conn->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_HIGHER;
-    }
-  } else {
-    conn->circ_id_type = CIRC_ID_TYPE_NEITHER;
-  }
-}
-
 /** <b>Conn</b> just completed its handshake. Return 0 if all is well, and
  * return -1 if he is lying, broken, or otherwise something is wrong.
  *
@@ -1437,8 +1527,8 @@ connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int severity = server_mode(options) ? LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN : LOG_WARN;
   const char *safe_address =
-    started_here ? conn->_base.address :
-                   safe_str_client(conn->_base.address);
+    started_here ? conn->base_.address :
+                   safe_str_client(conn->base_.address);
   const char *conn_type = started_here ? "outgoing" : "incoming";
   int has_cert = 0;
 
@@ -1447,7 +1537,7 @@ connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
   if (started_here && !has_cert) {
     log_info(LD_HANDSHAKE,"Tried connecting to router at %s:%d, but it didn't "
              "send a cert! Closing.",
-             safe_address, conn->_base.port);
+             safe_address, conn->base_.port);
     return -1;
   } else if (!has_cert) {
     log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,"Got incoming connection with no certificate. "
@@ -1461,7 +1551,7 @@ connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
     if (started_here && v<0) {
       log_fn(severity,LD_HANDSHAKE,"Tried connecting to router at %s:%d: It"
              " has a cert but it's invalid. Closing.",
-             safe_address, conn->_base.port);
+             safe_address, conn->base_.port);
         return -1;
     } else if (v<0) {
       log_info(LD_HANDSHAKE,"Incoming connection gave us an invalid cert "
@@ -1469,7 +1559,7 @@ connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
     } else {
       log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,
                 "The certificate seems to be valid on %s connection "
-                "with %s:%d", conn_type, safe_address, conn->_base.port);
+                "with %s:%d", conn_type, safe_address, conn->base_.port);
     }
     check_no_tls_errors();
   }
@@ -1480,7 +1570,9 @@ connection_or_check_valid_tls_handshake(or_connection_t *conn,
     memset(digest_rcvd_out, 0, DIGEST_LEN);
   }
 
-  connection_or_set_circid_type(conn, identity_rcvd);
+  tor_assert(conn->chan);
+  channel_set_circid_type(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan), identity_rcvd, 1);
+
   crypto_pk_free(identity_rcvd);
 
   if (started_here)
@@ -1521,10 +1613,10 @@ connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(or_connection_t *conn,
                   conn->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
     log_info(LD_HANDSHAKE, "Connected to router %s at %s:%d without knowing "
                     "its key. Hoping for the best.",
-                    conn->nickname, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                    conn->nickname, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     /* if it's a bridge and we didn't know its identity fingerprint, now
      * we do -- remember it for future attempts. */
-    learned_router_identity(&conn->_base.addr, conn->_base.port,
+    learned_router_identity(&conn->base_.addr, conn->base_.port,
                             (const char*)peer_id);
   }
 
@@ -1538,7 +1630,7 @@ connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(or_connection_t *conn,
     log_fn(severity, LD_HANDSHAKE,
            "Tried connecting to router at %s:%d, but identity key was not "
            "as expected: wanted %s but got %s.",
-           conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port, expected, seen);
+           conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port, expected, seen);
     entry_guard_register_connect_status(conn->identity_digest, 0, 1,
                                         time(NULL));
     control_event_or_conn_status(conn, OR_CONN_EVENT_FAILED,
@@ -1550,13 +1642,26 @@ connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(or_connection_t *conn,
     return -1;
   }
   if (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) {
-    dirserv_orconn_tls_done(conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port,
+    dirserv_orconn_tls_done(&conn->base_.addr, conn->base_.port,
                             (const char*)peer_id);
   }
 
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Return when a client used this, for connection.c, since client_used
+ * is now one of the timestamps of channel_t */
+
+time_t
+connection_or_client_used(or_connection_t *conn)
+{
+  tor_assert(conn);
+
+  if (conn->chan) {
+    return channel_when_last_client(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+  } else return 0;
+}
+
 /** The v1/v2 TLS handshake is finished.
  *
  * Make sure we are happy with the person we just handshaked with.
@@ -1576,10 +1681,12 @@ connection_tls_finish_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
   char digest_rcvd[DIGEST_LEN];
   int started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn);
 
-  log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,"%s tls handshake on %p with %s done. verifying.",
+  log_debug(LD_HANDSHAKE,"%s tls handshake on %p with %s done, using "
+            "ciphersuite %s. verifying.",
             started_here?"outgoing":"incoming",
             conn,
-            safe_str_client(conn->_base.address));
+            safe_str_client(conn->base_.address),
+            tor_tls_get_ciphersuite_name(conn->tls));
 
   directory_set_dirty();
 
@@ -1592,18 +1699,18 @@ connection_tls_finish_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
   if (tor_tls_used_v1_handshake(conn->tls)) {
     conn->link_proto = 1;
     if (!started_here) {
-      connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn, &conn->_base.addr,
-                                           conn->_base.port, digest_rcvd, 0);
+      connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn, &conn->base_.addr,
+                                           conn->base_.port, digest_rcvd, 0);
     }
     tor_tls_block_renegotiation(conn->tls);
     return connection_or_set_state_open(conn);
   } else {
-    conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2;
+    connection_or_change_state(conn, OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V2);
     if (connection_init_or_handshake_state(conn, started_here) < 0)
       return -1;
     if (!started_here) {
-      connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn, &conn->_base.addr,
-                                           conn->_base.port, digest_rcvd, 0);
+      connection_or_init_conn_from_address(conn, &conn->base_.addr,
+                                           conn->base_.port, digest_rcvd, 0);
     }
     return connection_or_send_versions(conn, 0);
   }
@@ -1623,7 +1730,7 @@ connection_or_launch_v3_or_handshake(or_connection_t *conn)
 
   circuit_build_times_network_is_live(&circ_times);
 
-  conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3;
+  connection_or_change_state(conn, OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3);
   if (connection_init_or_handshake_state(conn, 1) < 0)
     return -1;
 
@@ -1671,10 +1778,12 @@ or_handshake_state_free(or_handshake_state_t *state)
  * authenticate cell.)
  */
 void
-or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
+or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_connection_t *conn,
+                               or_handshake_state_t *state,
                                const cell_t *cell,
                                int incoming)
 {
+  size_t cell_network_size = get_cell_network_size(conn->wide_circ_ids);
   crypto_digest_t *d, **dptr;
   packed_cell_t packed;
   if (incoming) {
@@ -1696,8 +1805,8 @@ or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
   d = *dptr;
   /* Re-packing like this is a little inefficient, but we don't have to do
      this very often at all. */
-  cell_pack(&packed, cell);
-  crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, packed.body, sizeof(packed.body));
+  cell_pack(&packed, cell, conn->wide_circ_ids);
+  crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, packed.body, cell_network_size);
   memwipe(&packed, 0, sizeof(packed));
 }
 
@@ -1710,12 +1819,14 @@ or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
  * authenticate cell.)
  */
 void
-or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
+or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_connection_t *conn,
+                                   or_handshake_state_t *state,
                                    const var_cell_t *cell,
                                    int incoming)
 {
   crypto_digest_t *d, **dptr;
-  char buf[VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE];
+  int n;
+  char buf[VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE];
   if (incoming) {
     if (!state->digest_received_data)
       return;
@@ -1729,8 +1840,8 @@ or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
 
   d = *dptr;
 
-  var_cell_pack_header(cell, buf);
-  crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  n = var_cell_pack_header(cell, buf, conn->wide_circ_ids);
+  crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, buf, n);
   crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, (const char *)cell->payload, cell->payload_len);
 
   memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
@@ -1742,35 +1853,9 @@ or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
 int
 connection_or_set_state_open(or_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  int started_here = connection_or_nonopen_was_started_here(conn);
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  conn->_base.state = OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
+  connection_or_change_state(conn, OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN);
   control_event_or_conn_status(conn, OR_CONN_EVENT_CONNECTED, 0);
 
-  if (started_here) {
-    circuit_build_times_network_is_live(&circ_times);
-    rep_hist_note_connect_succeeded(conn->identity_digest, now);
-    if (entry_guard_register_connect_status(conn->identity_digest,
-                                            1, 0, now) < 0) {
-      /* Close any circuits pending on this conn. We leave it in state
-       * 'open' though, because it didn't actually *fail* -- we just
-       * chose not to use it. (Otherwise
-       * connection_about_to_close_connection() will call a big pile of
-       * functions to indicate we shouldn't try it again.) */
-      log_debug(LD_OR, "New entry guard was reachable, but closing this "
-                "connection so we can retry the earlier entry guards.");
-      circuit_n_conn_done(conn, 0);
-      return -1;
-    }
-    router_set_status(conn->identity_digest, 1);
-  } else {
-    /* only report it to the geoip module if it's not a known router */
-    if (!router_get_by_id_digest(conn->identity_digest)) {
-      geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &TO_CONN(conn)->addr,
-                             now);
-    }
-  }
-
   or_handshake_state_free(conn->handshake_state);
   conn->handshake_state = NULL;
   IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(TO_CONN(conn), {
@@ -1779,8 +1864,6 @@ connection_or_set_state_open(or_connection_t *conn)
     connection_start_reading(TO_CONN(conn));
   }
 
-  circuit_n_conn_done(conn, 1); /* send the pending creates, if any. */
-
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1792,16 +1875,21 @@ void
 connection_or_write_cell_to_buf(const cell_t *cell, or_connection_t *conn)
 {
   packed_cell_t networkcell;
+  size_t cell_network_size = get_cell_network_size(conn->wide_circ_ids);
 
   tor_assert(cell);
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  cell_pack(&networkcell, cell);
+  cell_pack(&networkcell, cell, conn->wide_circ_ids);
+
+  connection_write_to_buf(networkcell.body, cell_network_size, TO_CONN(conn));
 
-  connection_write_to_buf(networkcell.body, CELL_NETWORK_SIZE, TO_CONN(conn));
+  /* Touch the channel's active timestamp if there is one */
+  if (conn->chan)
+    channel_timestamp_active(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
 
-  if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    or_handshake_state_record_cell(conn->handshake_state, cell, 0);
+  if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    or_handshake_state_record_cell(conn, conn->handshake_state, cell, 0);
 
   if (cell->command != CELL_PADDING)
     conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = approx_time();
@@ -1815,17 +1903,22 @@ void
 connection_or_write_var_cell_to_buf(const var_cell_t *cell,
                                     or_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  char hdr[VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE];
+  int n;
+  char hdr[VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE];
   tor_assert(cell);
   tor_assert(conn);
-  var_cell_pack_header(cell, hdr);
-  connection_write_to_buf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), TO_CONN(conn));
+  n = var_cell_pack_header(cell, hdr, conn->wide_circ_ids);
+  connection_write_to_buf(hdr, n, TO_CONN(conn));
   connection_write_to_buf((char*)cell->payload,
                           cell->payload_len, TO_CONN(conn));
-  if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
-    or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(conn->handshake_state, cell, 0);
+  if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3)
+    or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(conn, conn->handshake_state, cell, 0);
   if (cell->command != CELL_PADDING)
     conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = approx_time();
+
+  /* Touch the channel's active timestamp if there is one */
+  if (conn->chan)
+    channel_timestamp_active(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
 }
 
 /** See whether there's a variable-length cell waiting on <b>or_conn</b>'s
@@ -1856,59 +1949,48 @@ connection_or_process_cells_from_inbuf(or_connection_t *conn)
 
   while (1) {
     log_debug(LD_OR,
-              "%d: starting, inbuf_datalen %d (%d pending in tls object).",
-              conn->_base.s,(int)connection_get_inbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)),
+              TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT": starting, inbuf_datalen %d "
+              "(%d pending in tls object).",
+              conn->base_.s,(int)connection_get_inbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)),
               tor_tls_get_pending_bytes(conn->tls));
     if (connection_fetch_var_cell_from_buf(conn, &var_cell)) {
       if (!var_cell)
         return 0; /* not yet. */
+
+      /* Touch the channel's active timestamp if there is one */
+      if (conn->chan)
+        channel_timestamp_active(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+
       circuit_build_times_network_is_live(&circ_times);
-      command_process_var_cell(var_cell, conn);
+      channel_tls_handle_var_cell(var_cell, conn);
       var_cell_free(var_cell);
     } else {
-      char buf[CELL_NETWORK_SIZE];
+      const int wide_circ_ids = conn->wide_circ_ids;
+      size_t cell_network_size = get_cell_network_size(conn->wide_circ_ids);
+      char buf[CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE];
       cell_t cell;
       if (connection_get_inbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn))
-          < CELL_NETWORK_SIZE) /* whole response available? */
+          < cell_network_size) /* whole response available? */
         return 0; /* not yet */
 
+      /* Touch the channel's active timestamp if there is one */
+      if (conn->chan)
+        channel_timestamp_active(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+
       circuit_build_times_network_is_live(&circ_times);
-      connection_fetch_from_buf(buf, CELL_NETWORK_SIZE, TO_CONN(conn));
+      connection_fetch_from_buf(buf, cell_network_size, TO_CONN(conn));
 
       /* retrieve cell info from buf (create the host-order struct from the
        * network-order string) */
-      cell_unpack(&cell, buf);
+      cell_unpack(&cell, buf, wide_circ_ids);
 
-      command_process_cell(&cell, conn);
+      channel_tls_handle_cell(&cell, conn);
     }
   }
 }
 
-/** Write a destroy cell with circ ID <b>circ_id</b> and reason <b>reason</b>
- * onto OR connection <b>conn</b>.  Don't perform range-checking on reason:
- * we may want to propagate reasons from other cells.
- *
- * Return 0.
- */
-int
-connection_or_send_destroy(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn, int reason)
-{
-  cell_t cell;
-
-  tor_assert(conn);
-
-  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell_t));
-  cell.circ_id = circ_id;
-  cell.command = CELL_DESTROY;
-  cell.payload[0] = (uint8_t) reason;
-  log_debug(LD_OR,"Sending destroy (circID %d).", circ_id);
-
-  connection_or_write_cell_to_buf(&cell, conn);
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /** Array of recognized link protocol versions. */
-static const uint16_t or_protocol_versions[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+static const uint16_t or_protocol_versions[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
 /** Number of versions in <b>or_protocol_versions</b>. */
 static const int n_or_protocol_versions =
   (int)( sizeof(or_protocol_versions)/sizeof(uint16_t) );
@@ -1984,16 +2066,17 @@ connection_or_send_netinfo(or_connection_t *conn)
   memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell_t));
   cell.command = CELL_NETINFO;
 
-  /* Timestamp. */
-  set_uint32(cell.payload, htonl((uint32_t)now));
+  /* Timestamp, if we're a relay. */
+  if (public_server_mode(get_options()) || ! conn->is_outgoing)
+    set_uint32(cell.payload, htonl((uint32_t)now));
 
   /* Their address. */
   out = cell.payload + 4;
   /* We use &conn->real_addr below, unless it hasn't yet been set. If it
-   * hasn't yet been set, we know that _base.addr hasn't been tampered with
+   * hasn't yet been set, we know that base_.addr hasn't been tampered with
    * yet either. */
   len = append_address_to_payload(out, !tor_addr_is_null(&conn->real_addr)
-                                       ? &conn->real_addr : &conn->_base.addr);
+                                       ? &conn->real_addr : &conn->base_.addr);
   if (len<0)
     return -1;
   out += len;
@@ -2004,12 +2087,19 @@ connection_or_send_netinfo(or_connection_t *conn)
   if ((public_server_mode(get_options()) || !conn->is_outgoing) &&
       (me = router_get_my_routerinfo())) {
     tor_addr_t my_addr;
-    *out++ = 1; /* only one address is supported. */
+    *out++ = 1 + !tor_addr_is_null(&me->ipv6_addr);
 
     tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&my_addr, me->addr);
     len = append_address_to_payload(out, &my_addr);
     if (len < 0)
       return -1;
+    out += len;
+
+    if (!tor_addr_is_null(&me->ipv6_addr)) {
+      len = append_address_to_payload(out, &me->ipv6_addr);
+      if (len < 0)
+        return -1;
+    }
   } else {
     *out = 0;
   }
@@ -2034,7 +2124,7 @@ connection_or_send_certs_cell(or_connection_t *conn)
   ssize_t pos;
   int server_mode;
 
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3);
 
   if (! conn->handshake_state)
     return -1;
@@ -2081,7 +2171,7 @@ connection_or_send_auth_challenge_cell(or_connection_t *conn)
   var_cell_t *cell;
   uint8_t *cp;
   uint8_t challenge[OR_AUTH_CHALLENGE_LEN];
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3);
 
   if (! conn->handshake_state)
     return -1;
@@ -2212,19 +2302,11 @@ connection_or_compute_authenticate_cell_body(or_connection_t *conn,
   if (server)
     return V3_AUTH_FIXED_PART_LEN; // ptr-out
 
-  /* Time: 8 octets. */
-  {
-    uint64_t now = time(NULL);
-    if ((time_t)now < 0)
-      return -1;
-    set_uint32(ptr, htonl((uint32_t)(now>>32)));
-    set_uint32(ptr+4, htonl((uint32_t)now));
-    ptr += 8;
-  }
-
-  /* Nonce: 16 octets. */
-  crypto_rand((char*)ptr, 16);
-  ptr += 16;
+  /* 8 octets were reserved for the current time, but we're trying to get out
+   * of the habit of sending time around willynilly.  Fortunately, nothing
+   * checks it.  That's followed by 16 bytes of nonce. */
+  crypto_rand((char*)ptr, 24);
+  ptr += 24;
 
   tor_assert(ptr - out == V3_AUTH_BODY_LEN);
 
diff --git a/src/or/connection_or.h b/src/or/connection_or.h
index b78c444921..85e68f1a33 100644
--- a/src/or/connection_or.h
+++ b/src/or/connection_or.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for connection_or.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H
-#define _TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H
+#define TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H
 
 void connection_or_remove_from_identity_map(or_connection_t *conn);
 void connection_or_clear_identity_map(void);
@@ -34,8 +34,14 @@ void connection_or_update_token_buckets(smartlist_t *conns,
 
 void connection_or_connect_failed(or_connection_t *conn,
                                   int reason, const char *msg);
+void connection_or_notify_error(or_connection_t *conn,
+                                int reason, const char *msg);
 or_connection_t *connection_or_connect(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                       const char *id_digest);
+                                       const char *id_digest,
+                                       channel_tls_t *chan);
+
+void connection_or_close_normally(or_connection_t *orconn, int flush);
+void connection_or_close_for_error(or_connection_t *orconn, int flush);
 
 void connection_or_report_broken_states(int severity, int domain);
 
@@ -51,13 +57,15 @@ void connection_or_init_conn_from_address(or_connection_t *conn,
                                           int started_here);
 int connection_or_client_learned_peer_id(or_connection_t *conn,
                                          const uint8_t *peer_id);
-void connection_or_set_circid_type(or_connection_t *conn,
-                                   crypto_pk_t *identity_rcvd);
+time_t connection_or_client_used(or_connection_t *conn);
+int connection_or_get_num_circuits(or_connection_t *conn);
 void or_handshake_state_free(or_handshake_state_t *state);
-void or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
+void or_handshake_state_record_cell(or_connection_t *conn,
+                                    or_handshake_state_t *state,
                                     const cell_t *cell,
                                     int incoming);
-void or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_handshake_state_t *state,
+void or_handshake_state_record_var_cell(or_connection_t *conn,
+                                        or_handshake_state_t *state,
                                         const var_cell_t *cell,
                                         int incoming);
 
@@ -66,8 +74,6 @@ void connection_or_write_cell_to_buf(const cell_t *cell,
                                      or_connection_t *conn);
 void connection_or_write_var_cell_to_buf(const var_cell_t *cell,
                                          or_connection_t *conn);
-int connection_or_send_destroy(circid_t circ_id, or_connection_t *conn,
-                               int reason);
 int connection_or_send_versions(or_connection_t *conn, int v3_plus);
 int connection_or_send_netinfo(or_connection_t *conn);
 int connection_or_send_certs_cell(or_connection_t *conn);
@@ -80,10 +86,14 @@ int connection_or_send_authenticate_cell(or_connection_t *conn, int type);
 
 int is_or_protocol_version_known(uint16_t version);
 
-void cell_pack(packed_cell_t *dest, const cell_t *src);
-void var_cell_pack_header(const var_cell_t *cell, char *hdr_out);
+void cell_pack(packed_cell_t *dest, const cell_t *src, int wide_circ_ids);
+int var_cell_pack_header(const var_cell_t *cell, char *hdr_out,
+                         int wide_circ_ids);
 var_cell_t *var_cell_new(uint16_t payload_len);
 void var_cell_free(var_cell_t *cell);
 
+/** DOCDOC */
+#define MIN_LINK_PROTO_FOR_WIDE_CIRC_IDS 4
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/control.c b/src/or/control.c
index 913d18a7fc..a88de12d69 100644
--- a/src/or/control.c
+++ b/src/or/control.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,11 +11,16 @@
 #define CONTROL_PRIVATE
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dnsserv.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@
  * because it is used both as a list of v0 event types, and as indices
  * into the bitfield to determine which controllers want which events.
  */
-#define _EVENT_MIN             0x0001
+#define EVENT_MIN_             0x0001
 #define EVENT_CIRCUIT_STATUS   0x0001
 #define EVENT_STREAM_STATUS    0x0002
 #define EVENT_OR_CONN_STATUS   0x0003
@@ -76,8 +82,8 @@
 #define EVENT_BUILDTIMEOUT_SET     0x0017
 #define EVENT_SIGNAL           0x0018
 #define EVENT_CONF_CHANGED     0x0019
-#define _EVENT_MAX             0x0019
-/* If _EVENT_MAX ever hits 0x0020, we need to make the mask wider. */
+#define EVENT_MAX_             0x0019
+/* If EVENT_MAX_ ever hits 0x0020, we need to make the mask wider. */
 
 /** Bitfield: The bit 1&lt;&lt;e is set if <b>any</b> open control
  * connection is interested in events of type <b>e</b>.  We use this
@@ -592,7 +598,7 @@ send_control_event_string(uint16_t event, event_format_t which,
 {
   smartlist_t *conns = get_connection_array();
   (void)which;
-  tor_assert(event >= _EVENT_MIN && event <= _EVENT_MAX);
+  tor_assert(event >= EVENT_MIN_ && event <= EVENT_MAX_);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
     if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_CONTROL &&
@@ -1215,9 +1221,10 @@ handle_control_authenticate(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
   connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
   return 0;
  ok:
-  log_info(LD_CONTROL, "Authenticated control connection (%d)", conn->_base.s);
+  log_info(LD_CONTROL, "Authenticated control connection ("TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT
+           ")", conn->base_.s);
   send_control_done(conn);
-  conn->_base.state = CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
+  conn->base_.state = CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
   tor_free(password);
   if (sl) { /* clean up */
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
@@ -1243,6 +1250,27 @@ handle_control_saveconf(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
   return 0;
 }
 
+struct signal_t {
+  int sig;
+  const char *signal_name;
+};
+
+static const struct signal_t signal_table[] = {
+  { SIGHUP, "RELOAD" },
+  { SIGHUP, "HUP" },
+  { SIGINT, "SHUTDOWN" },
+  { SIGUSR1, "DUMP" },
+  { SIGUSR1, "USR1" },
+  { SIGUSR2, "DEBUG" },
+  { SIGUSR2, "USR2" },
+  { SIGTERM, "HALT" },
+  { SIGTERM, "TERM" },
+  { SIGTERM, "INT" },
+  { SIGNEWNYM, "NEWNYM" },
+  { SIGCLEARDNSCACHE, "CLEARDNSCACHE"},
+  { 0, NULL },
+};
+
 /** Called when we get a SIGNAL command. React to the provided signal, and
  * report success or failure. (If the signal results in a shutdown, success
  * may not be reported.) */
@@ -1250,7 +1278,8 @@ static int
 handle_control_signal(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
                       const char *body)
 {
-  int sig;
+  int sig = -1;
+  int i;
   int n = 0;
   char *s;
 
@@ -1259,27 +1288,19 @@ handle_control_signal(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
   while (body[n] && ! TOR_ISSPACE(body[n]))
     ++n;
   s = tor_strndup(body, n);
-  if (!strcasecmp(s, "RELOAD") || !strcasecmp(s, "HUP"))
-    sig = SIGHUP;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "SHUTDOWN") || !strcasecmp(s, "INT"))
-    sig = SIGINT;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "DUMP") || !strcasecmp(s, "USR1"))
-    sig = SIGUSR1;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "DEBUG") || !strcasecmp(s, "USR2"))
-    sig = SIGUSR2;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "HALT") || !strcasecmp(s, "TERM"))
-    sig = SIGTERM;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "NEWNYM"))
-    sig = SIGNEWNYM;
-  else if (!strcasecmp(s, "CLEARDNSCACHE"))
-    sig = SIGCLEARDNSCACHE;
-  else {
+
+  for (i = 0; signal_table[i].signal_name != NULL; ++i) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(s, signal_table[i].signal_name)) {
+      sig = signal_table[i].sig;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (sig < 0)
     connection_printf_to_buf(conn, "552 Unrecognized signal code \"%s\"\r\n",
                              s);
-    sig = -1;
-  }
   tor_free(s);
-  if (sig<0)
+  if (sig < 0)
     return 0;
 
   send_control_done(conn);
@@ -1306,7 +1327,7 @@ handle_control_takeownership(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
 
   log_info(LD_CONTROL, "Control connection %d has taken ownership of this "
            "Tor instance.",
-           (int)(conn->_base.s));
+           (int)(conn->base_.s));
 
   send_control_done(conn);
   return 0;
@@ -1352,10 +1373,13 @@ handle_control_mapaddress(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
                      "512-syntax error: invalid address '%s'", to);
         log_warn(LD_CONTROL,
                  "Skipping invalid argument '%s' in MapAddress msg", to);
-      } else if (!strcmp(from, ".") || !strcmp(from, "0.0.0.0")) {
+      } else if (!strcmp(from, ".") || !strcmp(from, "0.0.0.0") ||
+                 !strcmp(from, "::")) {
+        const char type =
+          !strcmp(from,".") ? RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME :
+          (!strcmp(from, "0.0.0.0") ? RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 : RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6);
         const char *address = addressmap_register_virtual_address(
-              !strcmp(from,".") ? RESOLVED_TYPE_HOSTNAME : RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4,
-               tor_strdup(to));
+                                                     type, tor_strdup(to));
         if (!address) {
           smartlist_add_asprintf(reply,
                        "451-resource exhausted: skipping '%s'", line);
@@ -1440,6 +1464,16 @@ getinfo_helper_misc(control_connection_t *conn, const char *question,
     *answer = smartlist_join_strings(event_names, " ", 0, NULL);
 
     smartlist_free(event_names);
+  } else if (!strcmp(question, "signal/names")) {
+    smartlist_t *signal_names = smartlist_new();
+    int j;
+    for (j = 0; signal_table[j].signal_name != NULL; ++j) {
+      smartlist_add(signal_names, (char*)signal_table[j].signal_name);
+    }
+
+    *answer = smartlist_join_strings(signal_names, " ", 0, NULL);
+
+    smartlist_free(signal_names);
   } else if (!strcmp(question, "features/names")) {
     *answer = tor_strdup("VERBOSE_NAMES EXTENDED_EVENTS");
   } else if (!strcmp(question, "address")) {
@@ -1614,10 +1648,13 @@ getinfo_helper_dir(control_connection_t *control_conn,
                    const char *question, char **answer,
                    const char **errmsg)
 {
-  const routerinfo_t *ri;
+  const node_t *node;
+  const routerinfo_t *ri = NULL;
   (void) control_conn;
   if (!strcmpstart(question, "desc/id/")) {
-    ri = router_get_by_hexdigest(question+strlen("desc/id/"));
+    node = node_get_by_hex_id(question+strlen("desc/id/"));
+    if (node)
+      ri = node->ri;
     if (ri) {
       const char *body = signed_descriptor_get_body(&ri->cache_info);
       if (body)
@@ -1626,7 +1663,9 @@ getinfo_helper_dir(control_connection_t *control_conn,
   } else if (!strcmpstart(question, "desc/name/")) {
     /* XXX023 Setting 'warn_if_unnamed' here is a bit silly -- the
      * warning goes to the user, not to the controller. */
-    ri = router_get_by_nickname(question+strlen("desc/name/"),1);
+    node = node_get_by_nickname(question+strlen("desc/name/"), 1);
+    if (node)
+      ri = node->ri;
     if (ri) {
       const char *body = signed_descriptor_get_body(&ri->cache_info);
       if (body)
@@ -1672,8 +1711,7 @@ getinfo_helper_dir(control_connection_t *control_conn,
     const node_t *node = node_get_by_hex_id(question+strlen("md/id/"));
     const microdesc_t *md = NULL;
     if (node) md = node->md;
-    if (md) {
-      tor_assert(md->body);
+    if (md && md->body) {
       *answer = tor_strndup(md->body, md->bodylen);
     }
   } else if (!strcmpstart(question, "md/name/")) {
@@ -1683,13 +1721,13 @@ getinfo_helper_dir(control_connection_t *control_conn,
     /* XXXX duplicated code */
     const microdesc_t *md = NULL;
     if (node) md = node->md;
-    if (md) {
-      tor_assert(md->body);
+    if (md && md->body) {
       *answer = tor_strndup(md->body, md->bodylen);
     }
   } else if (!strcmpstart(question, "desc-annotations/id/")) {
-    ri = router_get_by_hexdigest(question+
-                                 strlen("desc-annotations/id/"));
+    node = node_get_by_hex_id(question+strlen("desc-annotations/id/"));
+    if (node)
+      ri = node->ri;
     if (ri) {
       const char *annotations =
         signed_descriptor_get_annotations(&ri->cache_info);
@@ -1847,11 +1885,11 @@ circuit_describe_status_for_controller(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   }
 
   smartlist_add_asprintf(descparts, "PURPOSE=%s",
-                    circuit_purpose_to_controller_string(circ->_base.purpose));
+                    circuit_purpose_to_controller_string(circ->base_.purpose));
 
   {
     const char *hs_state =
-      circuit_purpose_to_controller_hs_state_string(circ->_base.purpose);
+      circuit_purpose_to_controller_hs_state_string(circ->base_.purpose);
 
     if (hs_state != NULL) {
       smartlist_add_asprintf(descparts, "HS_STATE=%s", hs_state);
@@ -1865,7 +1903,7 @@ circuit_describe_status_for_controller(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 
   {
     char tbuf[ISO_TIME_USEC_LEN+1];
-    format_iso_time_nospace_usec(tbuf, &circ->_base.timestamp_created);
+    format_iso_time_nospace_usec(tbuf, &circ->base_.timestamp_created);
 
     smartlist_add_asprintf(descparts, "TIME_CREATED=%s", tbuf);
   }
@@ -1889,7 +1927,7 @@ getinfo_helper_events(control_connection_t *control_conn,
   if (!strcmp(question, "circuit-status")) {
     circuit_t *circ_;
     smartlist_t *status = smartlist_new();
-    for (circ_ = _circuit_get_global_list(); circ_; circ_ = circ_->next) {
+    for (circ_ = circuit_get_global_list_(); circ_; circ_ = circ_->next) {
       origin_circuit_t *circ;
       char *circdesc;
       const char *state;
@@ -1897,7 +1935,7 @@ getinfo_helper_events(control_connection_t *control_conn,
         continue;
       circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ_);
 
-      if (circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
+      if (circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
         state = "BUILT";
       else if (circ->cpath)
         state = "EXTENDED";
@@ -1974,7 +2012,7 @@ getinfo_helper_events(control_connection_t *control_conn,
       if (base_conn->type != CONN_TYPE_OR || base_conn->marked_for_close)
         continue;
       conn = TO_OR_CONN(base_conn);
-      if (conn->_base.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
+      if (conn->base_.state == OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
         state = "CONNECTED";
       else if (conn->nickname)
         state = "LAUNCHED";
@@ -2130,10 +2168,14 @@ static const getinfo_item_t getinfo_items[] = {
   PREFIX("config/", config, "Current configuration values."),
   DOC("config/names",
       "List of configuration options, types, and documentation."),
+  DOC("config/defaults",
+      "List of default values for configuration options. "
+      "See also config/names"),
   ITEM("info/names", misc,
        "List of GETINFO options, types, and documentation."),
   ITEM("events/names", misc,
        "Events that the controller can ask for with SETEVENTS."),
+  ITEM("signal/names", misc, "Signal names recognized by the SIGNAL command"),
   ITEM("features/names", misc, "What arguments can USEFEATURE take?"),
   PREFIX("desc/id/", dir, "Router descriptors by ID."),
   PREFIX("desc/name/", dir, "Router descriptors by nickname."),
@@ -2497,7 +2539,7 @@ handle_control_extendcircuit(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
       goto done;
     }
   } else {
-    if (circ->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
+    if (circ->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN) {
       int err_reason = 0;
       circuit_set_state(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING);
       if ((err_reason = circuit_send_next_onion_skin(circ)) < 0) {
@@ -2630,7 +2672,7 @@ handle_control_attachstream(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
     TO_CONN(edge_conn)->state = AP_CONN_STATE_CONTROLLER_WAIT;
   }
 
-  if (circ && (circ->_base.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)) {
+  if (circ && (circ->base_.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)) {
     connection_write_str_to_buf(
                     "551 Can't attach stream to non-open origin circuit\r\n",
                     conn);
@@ -2895,7 +2937,7 @@ handle_control_resolve(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
   failed = smartlist_new();
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, const char *, arg, {
       if (!is_keyval_pair(arg)) {
-          if (dnsserv_launch_request(arg, is_reverse)<0)
+          if (dnsserv_launch_request(arg, is_reverse, conn)<0)
             smartlist_add(failed, (char*)arg);
       }
   });
@@ -2903,7 +2945,7 @@ handle_control_resolve(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
   send_control_done(conn);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(failed, const char *, arg, {
       control_event_address_mapped(arg, arg, time(NULL),
-                                   "Unable to launch resolve request");
+                                   "internal", 0);
   });
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
@@ -3099,6 +3141,8 @@ handle_control_authchallenge(control_connection_t *conn, uint32_t len,
                            "SERVERNONCE=%s\r\n",
                            server_hash_encoded,
                            server_nonce_encoded);
+
+  tor_free(client_nonce);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3198,7 +3242,7 @@ connection_control_closed(control_connection_t *conn)
 static int
 is_valid_initial_command(control_connection_t *conn, const char *cmd)
 {
-  if (conn->_base.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
+  if (conn->base_.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN)
     return 1;
   if (!strcasecmp(cmd, "PROTOCOLINFO"))
     return (!conn->have_sent_protocolinfo &&
@@ -3243,8 +3287,8 @@ connection_control_process_inbuf(control_connection_t *conn)
   char *args;
 
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN ||
-             conn->_base.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN ||
+             conn->base_.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH);
 
   if (!conn->incoming_cmd) {
     conn->incoming_cmd = tor_malloc(1024);
@@ -3252,7 +3296,7 @@ connection_control_process_inbuf(control_connection_t *conn)
     conn->incoming_cmd_cur_len = 0;
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH &&
+  if (conn->base_.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH &&
       peek_connection_has_control0_command(TO_CONN(conn))) {
     /* Detect v0 commands and send a "no more v0" message. */
     size_t body_len;
@@ -3351,7 +3395,7 @@ connection_control_process_inbuf(control_connection_t *conn)
     return 0;
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH &&
+  if (conn->base_.state == CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH &&
       !is_valid_initial_command(conn, conn->incoming_cmd)) {
     connection_write_str_to_buf("514 Authentication required.\r\n", conn);
     connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
@@ -3538,9 +3582,9 @@ control_event_circuit_status_minor(origin_circuit_t *circ,
         /* event_tail can currently be up to 130 chars long */
         const char *hs_state_str =
           circuit_purpose_to_controller_hs_state_string(purpose);
-        const struct timeval *old_timestamp_created = tv;
+        const struct timeval *old_timestamp_began = tv;
         char tbuf[ISO_TIME_USEC_LEN+1];
-        format_iso_time_nospace_usec(tbuf, old_timestamp_created);
+        format_iso_time_nospace_usec(tbuf, old_timestamp_began);
 
         tor_snprintf(event_tail, sizeof(event_tail),
                      " OLD_PURPOSE=%s%s%s OLD_TIME_CREATED=%s",
@@ -3696,9 +3740,22 @@ control_event_stream_status(entry_connection_t *conn, stream_status_event_t tp,
     }
   }
 
-  if (tp == STREAM_EVENT_NEW) {
-    tor_snprintf(addrport_buf,sizeof(addrport_buf), " SOURCE_ADDR=%s:%d",
-                 ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->address, ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->port);
+  if (tp == STREAM_EVENT_NEW || tp == STREAM_EVENT_NEW_RESOLVE) {
+    /*
+     * When the control conn is an AF_UNIX socket and we have no address,
+     * it gets set to "(Tor_internal)"; see dnsserv_launch_request() in
+     * dnsserv.c.
+     */
+    if (strcmp(ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->address, "(Tor_internal)") != 0) {
+      tor_snprintf(addrport_buf,sizeof(addrport_buf), " SOURCE_ADDR=%s:%d",
+                   ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->address, ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->port);
+    } else {
+      /*
+       * else leave it blank so control on AF_UNIX doesn't need to make
+       * something up.
+       */
+      addrport_buf[0] = '\0';
+    }
   } else {
     addrport_buf[0] = '\0';
   }
@@ -3706,11 +3763,7 @@ control_event_stream_status(entry_connection_t *conn, stream_status_event_t tp,
   if (tp == STREAM_EVENT_NEW_RESOLVE) {
     purpose = " PURPOSE=DNS_REQUEST";
   } else if (tp == STREAM_EVENT_NEW) {
-    if (ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(conn)->is_dns_request ||
-        (conn->socks_request &&
-         SOCKS_COMMAND_IS_RESOLVE(conn->socks_request->command)))
-      purpose = " PURPOSE=DNS_REQUEST";
-    else if (conn->use_begindir) {
+    if (conn->use_begindir) {
       connection_t *linked = ENTRY_TO_CONN(conn)->linked_conn;
       int linked_dir_purpose = -1;
       if (linked && linked->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR)
@@ -3755,7 +3808,7 @@ orconn_target_get_name(char *name, size_t len, or_connection_t *conn)
                   DIGEST_LEN);
   } else {
     tor_snprintf(name, len, "%s:%d",
-                 conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3787,8 +3840,12 @@ control_event_or_conn_status(or_connection_t *conn, or_conn_status_event_t tp,
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unrecognized status code %d", (int)tp);
       return 0;
     }
-  ncircs = circuit_count_pending_on_or_conn(conn);
-  ncircs += conn->n_circuits;
+  if (conn->chan) {
+    ncircs = circuit_count_pending_on_channel(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(conn->chan));
+  } else {
+    ncircs = 0;
+  }
+  ncircs += connection_or_get_num_circuits(conn);
   if (ncircs && (tp == OR_CONN_EVENT_FAILED || tp == OR_CONN_EVENT_CLOSED)) {
     tor_snprintf(ncircs_buf, sizeof(ncircs_buf), "%sNCIRCS=%d",
                  reason ? " " : "", ncircs);
@@ -3817,7 +3874,7 @@ control_event_stream_bandwidth(edge_connection_t *edge_conn)
 
     send_control_event(EVENT_STREAM_BANDWIDTH_USED, ALL_FORMATS,
                        "650 STREAM_BW "U64_FORMAT" %lu %lu\r\n",
-                       U64_PRINTF_ARG(edge_conn->_base.global_identifier),
+                       U64_PRINTF_ARG(edge_conn->base_.global_identifier),
                        (unsigned long)edge_conn->n_read,
                        (unsigned long)edge_conn->n_written);
 
@@ -3846,7 +3903,7 @@ control_event_stream_bandwidth_used(void)
 
         send_control_event(EVENT_STREAM_BANDWIDTH_USED, ALL_FORMATS,
                            "650 STREAM_BW "U64_FORMAT" %lu %lu\r\n",
-                           U64_PRINTF_ARG(edge_conn->_base.global_identifier),
+                           U64_PRINTF_ARG(edge_conn->base_.global_identifier),
                            (unsigned long)edge_conn->n_read,
                            (unsigned long)edge_conn->n_written);
 
@@ -3978,15 +4035,17 @@ control_event_descriptors_changed(smartlist_t *routers)
  */
 int
 control_event_address_mapped(const char *from, const char *to, time_t expires,
-                             const char *error)
+                             const char *error, const int cached)
 {
   if (!EVENT_IS_INTERESTING(EVENT_ADDRMAP))
     return 0;
 
   if (expires < 3 || expires == TIME_MAX)
     send_control_event(EVENT_ADDRMAP, ALL_FORMATS,
-                                "650 ADDRMAP %s %s NEVER %s\r\n", from, to,
-                                error?error:"");
+                                "650 ADDRMAP %s %s NEVER %s%s"
+                                "CACHED=\"%s\"\r\n",
+                                  from, to, error?error:"", error?" ":"",
+                                cached?"YES":"NO");
   else {
     char buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char buf2[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
@@ -3994,10 +4053,10 @@ control_event_address_mapped(const char *from, const char *to, time_t expires,
     format_iso_time(buf2,expires);
     send_control_event(EVENT_ADDRMAP, ALL_FORMATS,
                                 "650 ADDRMAP %s %s \"%s\""
-                                " %s%sEXPIRES=\"%s\"\r\n",
+                                " %s%sEXPIRES=\"%s\" CACHED=\"%s\"\r\n",
                                 from, to, buf,
                                 error?error:"", error?" ":"",
-                                buf2);
+                                buf2, cached?"YES":"NO");
   }
 
   return 0;
@@ -4345,7 +4404,7 @@ control_event_guard(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
  * a smartlist_t containing (key, value, ...) pairs in sequence.
  * <b>value</b> can be NULL. */
 int
-control_event_conf_changed(smartlist_t *elements)
+control_event_conf_changed(const smartlist_t *elements)
 {
   int i;
   char *result;
@@ -4615,7 +4674,7 @@ control_event_bootstrap(bootstrap_status_t status, int progress)
   if (status > bootstrap_percent ||
       (progress && progress > bootstrap_percent)) {
     bootstrap_status_to_string(status, &tag, &summary);
-    log(status ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO, LD_CONTROL,
+    tor_log(status ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO, LD_CONTROL,
         "Bootstrapped %d%%: %s.", progress ? progress : status, summary);
     tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
         "BOOTSTRAP PROGRESS=%d TAG=%s SUMMARY=\"%s\"",
@@ -4667,6 +4726,9 @@ control_event_bootstrap_problem(const char *warn, int reason)
       !any_pending_bridge_descriptor_fetches())
     recommendation = "warn";
 
+  if (we_are_hibernating())
+    recommendation = "ignore";
+
   while (status>=0 && bootstrap_status_to_string(status, &tag, &summary) < 0)
     status--; /* find a recognized status string based on current progress */
   status = bootstrap_percent; /* set status back to the actual number */
diff --git a/src/or/control.h b/src/or/control.h
index f301ce91be..61062da2c4 100644
--- a/src/or/control.h
+++ b/src/or/control.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for control.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CONTROL_H
-#define _TOR_CONTROL_H
+#ifndef TOR_CONTROL_H
+#define TOR_CONTROL_H
 
 void control_update_global_event_mask(void);
 void control_adjust_event_log_severity(void);
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ int control_event_stream_bandwidth_used(void);
 void control_event_logmsg(int severity, uint32_t domain, const char *msg);
 int control_event_descriptors_changed(smartlist_t *routers);
 int control_event_address_mapped(const char *from, const char *to,
-                                 time_t expires, const char *error);
+                                 time_t expires, const char *error,
+                                 const int cached);
 int control_event_or_authdir_new_descriptor(const char *action,
                                             const char *desc,
                                             size_t desclen,
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ int control_event_server_status(int severity, const char *format, ...)
   CHECK_PRINTF(2,3);
 int control_event_guard(const char *nickname, const char *digest,
                         const char *status);
-int control_event_conf_changed(smartlist_t *elements);
+int control_event_conf_changed(const smartlist_t *elements);
 int control_event_buildtimeout_set(const circuit_build_times_t *cbt,
                                    buildtimeout_set_event_t type);
 int control_event_signal(uintptr_t signal);
diff --git a/src/or/cpuworker.c b/src/or/cpuworker.c
index 0255227e7b..ecf0d2035d 100644
--- a/src/or/cpuworker.c
+++ b/src/or/cpuworker.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,16 +11,19 @@
  *
  * Right now, we only use this for processing onionskins.
  **/
-
 #include "or.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
+#include "connection_or.h"
 #include "cpuworker.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
 #include "router.h"
 
 /** The maximum number of cpuworker processes we will keep around. */
@@ -29,10 +32,7 @@
 #define MIN_CPUWORKERS 1
 
 /** The tag specifies which circuit this onionskin was from. */
-#define TAG_LEN 10
-/** How many bytes are sent from the cpuworker back to tor? */
-#define LEN_ONION_RESPONSE \
-  (1+TAG_LEN+ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN+CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN)
+#define TAG_LEN 12
 
 /** How many cpuworkers we have running right now. */
 static int num_cpuworkers=0;
@@ -68,22 +68,80 @@ connection_cpu_finished_flushing(connection_t *conn)
 /** Pack global_id and circ_id; set *tag to the result. (See note on
  * cpuworker_main for wire format.) */
 static void
-tag_pack(char *tag, uint64_t conn_id, circid_t circ_id)
+tag_pack(uint8_t *tag, uint64_t chan_id, circid_t circ_id)
 {
   /*XXXX RETHINK THIS WHOLE MESS !!!! !NM NM NM NM*/
-  set_uint64(tag, conn_id);
-  set_uint16(tag+8, circ_id);
+  /*XXXX DOUBLEPLUSTHIS!!!! AS AS AS AS*/
+  set_uint64(tag, chan_id);
+  set_uint32(tag+8, circ_id);
 }
 
 /** Unpack <b>tag</b> into addr, port, and circ_id.
  */
 static void
-tag_unpack(const char *tag, uint64_t *conn_id, circid_t *circ_id)
+tag_unpack(const uint8_t *tag, uint64_t *chan_id, circid_t *circ_id)
 {
-  *conn_id = get_uint64(tag);
-  *circ_id = get_uint16(tag+8);
+  *chan_id = get_uint64(tag);
+  *circ_id = get_uint32(tag+8);
 }
 
+/** Magic numbers to make sure our cpuworker_requests don't grow any
+ * mis-framing bugs. */
+#define CPUWORKER_REQUEST_MAGIC 0xda4afeed
+#define CPUWORKER_REPLY_MAGIC 0x5eedf00d
+
+/** A request sent to a cpuworker. */
+typedef struct cpuworker_request_t {
+  /** Magic number; must be CPUWORKER_REQUEST_MAGIC. */
+  uint32_t magic;
+  /** Opaque tag to identify the job */
+  uint8_t tag[TAG_LEN];
+  /** Task code. Must be one of CPUWORKER_TASK_* */
+  uint8_t task;
+
+  /** Flag: Are we timing this request? */
+  unsigned timed : 1;
+  /** If we're timing this request, when was it sent to the cpuworker? */
+  struct timeval started_at;
+
+  /** A create cell for the cpuworker to process. */
+  create_cell_t create_cell;
+
+  /* Turn the above into a tagged union if needed. */
+} cpuworker_request_t;
+
+/** A reply sent by a cpuworker. */
+typedef struct cpuworker_reply_t {
+  /** Magic number; must be CPUWORKER_REPLY_MAGIC. */
+  uint32_t magic;
+  /** Opaque tag to identify the job; matches the request's tag.*/
+  uint8_t tag[TAG_LEN];
+  /** True iff we got a successful request. */
+  uint8_t success;
+
+  /** Are we timing this request? */
+  unsigned int timed : 1;
+  /** What handshake type was the request? (Used for timing) */
+  uint16_t handshake_type;
+  /** When did we send the request to the cpuworker? */
+  struct timeval started_at;
+  /** Once the cpuworker received the request, how many microseconds did it
+   * take? (This shouldn't overflow; 4 billion micoseconds is over an hour,
+   * and we'll never have an onion handshake that takes so long.) */
+  uint32_t n_usec;
+
+  /** Output of processing a create cell
+   *
+   * @{
+   */
+  /** The created cell to send back. */
+  created_cell_t created_cell;
+  /** The keys to use on this circuit. */
+  uint8_t keys[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+  /** Input to use for authenticating introduce1 cells. */
+  uint8_t rend_auth_material[DIGEST_LEN];
+} cpuworker_reply_t;
+
 /** Called when the onion key has changed and we need to spawn new
  * cpuworkers.  Close all currently idle cpuworkers, and mark the last
  * rotation time as now.
@@ -122,6 +180,112 @@ connection_cpu_reached_eof(connection_t *conn)
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Indexed by handshake type: how many onionskins have we processed and
+ * counted of that type? */
+static uint64_t onionskins_n_processed[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1];
+/** Indexed by handshake type, corresponding to the onionskins counted in
+ * onionskins_n_processed: how many microseconds have we spent in cpuworkers
+ * processing that kind of onionskin? */
+static uint64_t onionskins_usec_internal[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1];
+/** Indexed by handshake type, corresponding to onionskins counted in
+ * onionskins_n_processed: how many microseconds have we spent waiting for
+ * cpuworkers to give us answers for that kind of onionskin?
+ */
+static uint64_t onionskins_usec_roundtrip[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1];
+
+/** If any onionskin takes longer than this, we clip them to this
+ * time. (microseconds) */
+#define MAX_BELIEVABLE_ONIONSKIN_DELAY (2*1000*1000)
+
+static tor_weak_rng_t request_sample_rng = TOR_WEAK_RNG_INIT;
+
+/** Return true iff we'd like to measure a handshake of type
+ * <b>onionskin_type</b>. Call only from the main thread. */
+static int
+should_time_request(uint16_t onionskin_type)
+{
+  /* If we've never heard of this type, we shouldn't even be here. */
+  if (onionskin_type > MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE)
+    return 0;
+  /* Measure the first N handshakes of each type, to ensure we have a
+   * sample */
+  if (onionskins_n_processed[onionskin_type] < 4096)
+    return 1;
+  /** Otherwise, measure with P=1/128.  We avoid doing this for every
+   * handshake, since the measurement itself can take a little time. */
+  return tor_weak_random_one_in_n(&request_sample_rng, 128);
+}
+
+/** Return an estimate of how many microseconds we will need for a single
+ * cpuworker to to process <b>n_requests</b> onionskins of type
+ * <b>onionskin_type</b>. */
+uint64_t
+estimated_usec_for_onionskins(uint32_t n_requests, uint16_t onionskin_type)
+{
+  if (onionskin_type > MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE) /* should be impossible */
+    return 1000 * (uint64_t)n_requests;
+  if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(onionskins_n_processed[onionskin_type] < 100)) {
+    /* Until we have 100 data points, just asssume everything takes 1 msec. */
+    return 1000 * (uint64_t)n_requests;
+  } else {
+    /* This can't overflow: we'll never have more than 500000 onionskins
+     * measured in onionskin_usec_internal, and they won't take anything near
+     * 1 sec each, and we won't have anything like 1 million queued
+     * onionskins.  But that's 5e5 * 1e6 * 1e6, which is still less than
+     * UINT64_MAX. */
+    return (onionskins_usec_internal[onionskin_type] * n_requests) /
+      onionskins_n_processed[onionskin_type];
+  }
+}
+
+/** Compute the absolute and relative overhead of using the cpuworker
+ * framework for onionskins of type <b>onionskin_type</b>.*/
+static int
+get_overhead_for_onionskins(uint32_t *usec_out, double *frac_out,
+                            uint16_t onionskin_type)
+{
+  uint64_t overhead;
+
+  *usec_out = 0;
+  *frac_out = 0.0;
+
+  if (onionskin_type > MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE) /* should be impossible */
+    return -1;
+  if (onionskins_n_processed[onionskin_type] == 0 ||
+      onionskins_usec_internal[onionskin_type] == 0 ||
+      onionskins_usec_roundtrip[onionskin_type] == 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  overhead = onionskins_usec_roundtrip[onionskin_type] -
+    onionskins_usec_internal[onionskin_type];
+
+  *usec_out = (uint32_t)(overhead / onionskins_n_processed[onionskin_type]);
+  *frac_out = U64_TO_DBL(overhead) / onionskins_usec_internal[onionskin_type];
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** If we've measured overhead for onionskins of type <b>onionskin_type</b>,
+ * log it. */
+void
+cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(int severity, int onionskin_type,
+                                 const char *onionskin_type_name)
+{
+  uint32_t overhead;
+  double relative_overhead;
+  int r;
+
+  r = get_overhead_for_onionskins(&overhead,  &relative_overhead,
+                                  onionskin_type);
+  if (!overhead || r<0)
+    return;
+
+  log_fn(severity, LD_OR,
+         "%s onionskins have averaged %u usec overhead (%.2f%%) in "
+         "cpuworker code ",
+         onionskin_type_name, (unsigned)overhead, relative_overhead*100);
+}
+
 /** Called when we get data from a cpuworker.  If the answer is not complete,
  * wait for a complete answer. If the answer is complete,
  * process it as appropriate.
@@ -129,12 +293,9 @@ connection_cpu_reached_eof(connection_t *conn)
 int
 connection_cpu_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn)
 {
-  char success;
-  char buf[LEN_ONION_RESPONSE];
-  uint64_t conn_id;
+  uint64_t chan_id;
   circid_t circ_id;
-  connection_t *tmp_conn;
-  or_connection_t *p_conn = NULL;
+  channel_t *p_chan = NULL;
   circuit_t *circ;
 
   tor_assert(conn);
@@ -144,25 +305,51 @@ connection_cpu_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn)
     return 0;
 
   if (conn->state == CPUWORKER_STATE_BUSY_ONION) {
-    if (connection_get_inbuf_len(conn) < LEN_ONION_RESPONSE)
+    cpuworker_reply_t rpl;
+    if (connection_get_inbuf_len(conn) < sizeof(cpuworker_reply_t))
       return 0; /* not yet */
-    tor_assert(connection_get_inbuf_len(conn) == LEN_ONION_RESPONSE);
-
-    connection_fetch_from_buf(&success,1,conn);
-    connection_fetch_from_buf(buf,LEN_ONION_RESPONSE-1,conn);
-
+    tor_assert(connection_get_inbuf_len(conn) == sizeof(cpuworker_reply_t));
+
+    connection_fetch_from_buf((void*)&rpl,sizeof(cpuworker_reply_t),conn);
+
+    tor_assert(rpl.magic == CPUWORKER_REPLY_MAGIC);
+
+    if (rpl.timed && rpl.success &&
+        rpl.handshake_type <= MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE) {
+      /* Time how long this request took. The handshake_type check should be
+         needless, but let's leave it in to be safe. */
+      struct timeval tv_end, tv_diff;
+      int64_t usec_roundtrip;
+      tor_gettimeofday(&tv_end);
+      timersub(&tv_end, &rpl.started_at, &tv_diff);
+      usec_roundtrip = ((int64_t)tv_diff.tv_sec)*1000000 + tv_diff.tv_usec;
+      if (usec_roundtrip >= 0 &&
+          usec_roundtrip < MAX_BELIEVABLE_ONIONSKIN_DELAY) {
+        ++onionskins_n_processed[rpl.handshake_type];
+        onionskins_usec_internal[rpl.handshake_type] += rpl.n_usec;
+        onionskins_usec_roundtrip[rpl.handshake_type] += usec_roundtrip;
+        if (onionskins_n_processed[rpl.handshake_type] >= 500000) {
+          /* Scale down every 500000 handshakes.  On a busy server, that's
+           * less impressive than it sounds. */
+          onionskins_n_processed[rpl.handshake_type] /= 2;
+          onionskins_usec_internal[rpl.handshake_type] /= 2;
+          onionskins_usec_roundtrip[rpl.handshake_type] /= 2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
     /* parse out the circ it was talking about */
-    tag_unpack(buf, &conn_id, &circ_id);
+    tag_unpack(rpl.tag, &chan_id, &circ_id);
     circ = NULL;
-    tmp_conn = connection_get_by_global_id(conn_id);
-    if (tmp_conn && !tmp_conn->marked_for_close &&
-        tmp_conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR)
-      p_conn = TO_OR_CONN(tmp_conn);
+    log_debug(LD_OR,
+              "Unpacking cpuworker reply, chan_id is " U64_FORMAT
+              ", circ_id is %u",
+              U64_PRINTF_ARG(chan_id), (unsigned)circ_id);
+    p_chan = channel_find_by_global_id(chan_id);
 
-    if (p_conn)
-      circ = circuit_get_by_circid_orconn(circ_id, p_conn);
+    if (p_chan)
+      circ = circuit_get_by_circid_channel(circ_id, p_chan);
 
-    if (success == 0) {
+    if (rpl.success == 0) {
       log_debug(LD_OR,
                 "decoding onionskin failed. "
                 "(Old key or bad software.) Closing.");
@@ -180,8 +367,10 @@ connection_cpu_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn)
       goto done_processing;
     }
     tor_assert(! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ));
-    if (onionskin_answer(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ), CELL_CREATED, buf+TAG_LEN,
-                         buf+TAG_LEN+ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN) < 0) {
+    if (onionskin_answer(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ),
+                         &rpl.created_cell,
+                         (const char*)rpl.keys,
+                         rpl.rend_auth_material) < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_OR,"onionskin_answer failed. Closing.");
       circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
       goto done_processing;
@@ -208,32 +397,21 @@ connection_cpu_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn)
  * Read and writes from fdarray[1].  Reads requests, writes answers.
  *
  *   Request format:
- *          Task type           [1 byte, always CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION]
- *          Opaque tag          TAG_LEN
- *          Onionskin challenge ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN
+ *          cpuworker_request_t.
  *   Response format:
- *          Success/failure     [1 byte, boolean.]
- *          Opaque tag          TAG_LEN
- *          Onionskin challenge ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN
- *          Negotiated keys     KEY_LEN*2+DIGEST_LEN*2
- *
- *  (Note: this _should_ be by addr/port, since we're concerned with specific
- * connections, not with routers (where we'd use identity).)
+ *          cpuworker_reply_t
  */
 static void
 cpuworker_main(void *data)
 {
-  char question[ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
-  uint8_t question_type;
+  /* For talking to the parent thread/process */
   tor_socket_t *fdarray = data;
   tor_socket_t fd;
 
   /* variables for onion processing */
-  char keys[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
-  char reply_to_proxy[ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN];
-  char buf[LEN_ONION_RESPONSE];
-  char tag[TAG_LEN];
-  crypto_pk_t *onion_key = NULL, *last_onion_key = NULL;
+  server_onion_keys_t onion_keys;
+  cpuworker_request_t req;
+  cpuworker_reply_t rpl;
 
   fd = fdarray[1]; /* this side is ours */
 #ifndef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED
@@ -244,68 +422,85 @@ cpuworker_main(void *data)
 #endif
   tor_free(data);
 
-  dup_onion_keys(&onion_key, &last_onion_key);
+  setup_server_onion_keys(&onion_keys);
 
   for (;;) {
-    ssize_t r;
-
-    if ((r = recv(fd, (void *)&question_type, 1, 0)) != 1) {
-//      log_fn(LOG_ERR,"read type failed. Exiting.");
-      if (r == 0) {
-        log_info(LD_OR,
-                 "CPU worker exiting because Tor process closed connection "
-                 "(either rotated keys or died).");
-      } else {
-        log_info(LD_OR,
-                 "CPU worker exiting because of error on connection to Tor "
-                 "process.");
-        log_info(LD_OR,"(Error on %d was %s)",
-                 fd, tor_socket_strerror(tor_socket_errno(fd)));
-      }
-      goto end;
-    }
-    tor_assert(question_type == CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION);
-
-    if (read_all(fd, tag, TAG_LEN, 1) != TAG_LEN) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG,"read tag failed. Exiting.");
+    if (read_all(fd, (void *)&req, sizeof(req), 1) != sizeof(req)) {
+      log_info(LD_OR, "read request failed. Exiting.");
       goto end;
     }
-
-    if (read_all(fd, question, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, 1) !=
-        ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG,"read question failed. Exiting.");
-      goto end;
-    }
-
-    if (question_type == CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION) {
-      if (onion_skin_server_handshake(question, onion_key, last_onion_key,
-          reply_to_proxy, keys, CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN) < 0) {
+    tor_assert(req.magic == CPUWORKER_REQUEST_MAGIC);
+
+    memset(&rpl, 0, sizeof(rpl));
+
+    if (req.task == CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION) {
+      const create_cell_t *cc = &req.create_cell;
+      created_cell_t *cell_out = &rpl.created_cell;
+      struct timeval tv_start, tv_end;
+      int n;
+      rpl.timed = req.timed;
+      rpl.started_at = req.started_at;
+      rpl.handshake_type = cc->handshake_type;
+      if (req.timed)
+        tor_gettimeofday(&tv_start);
+      n = onion_skin_server_handshake(cc->handshake_type,
+                                      cc->onionskin, cc->handshake_len,
+                                      &onion_keys,
+                                      cell_out->reply,
+                                      rpl.keys, CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN,
+                                      rpl.rend_auth_material);
+      if (n < 0) {
         /* failure */
         log_debug(LD_OR,"onion_skin_server_handshake failed.");
-        *buf = 0; /* indicate failure in first byte */
-        memcpy(buf+1,tag,TAG_LEN);
-        /* send all zeros as answer */
-        memset(buf+1+TAG_LEN, 0, LEN_ONION_RESPONSE-(1+TAG_LEN));
+        memset(&rpl, 0, sizeof(rpl));
+        memcpy(rpl.tag, req.tag, TAG_LEN);
+        rpl.success = 0;
       } else {
         /* success */
         log_debug(LD_OR,"onion_skin_server_handshake succeeded.");
-        buf[0] = 1; /* 1 means success */
-        memcpy(buf+1,tag,TAG_LEN);
-        memcpy(buf+1+TAG_LEN,reply_to_proxy,ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
-        memcpy(buf+1+TAG_LEN+ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN,keys,CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN);
+        memcpy(rpl.tag, req.tag, TAG_LEN);
+        cell_out->handshake_len = n;
+        switch (cc->cell_type) {
+        case CELL_CREATE:
+          cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED; break;
+        case CELL_CREATE2:
+          cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED2; break;
+        case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+          cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED_FAST; break;
+        default:
+          tor_assert(0);
+          goto end;
+        }
+        rpl.success = 1;
       }
-      if (write_all(fd, buf, LEN_ONION_RESPONSE, 1) != LEN_ONION_RESPONSE) {
+      rpl.magic = CPUWORKER_REPLY_MAGIC;
+      if (req.timed) {
+        struct timeval tv_diff;
+        int64_t usec;
+        tor_gettimeofday(&tv_end);
+        timersub(&tv_end, &tv_start, &tv_diff);
+        usec = ((int64_t)tv_diff.tv_sec)*1000000 + tv_diff.tv_usec;
+        if (usec < 0 || usec > MAX_BELIEVABLE_ONIONSKIN_DELAY)
+          rpl.n_usec = MAX_BELIEVABLE_ONIONSKIN_DELAY;
+        else
+          rpl.n_usec = (uint32_t) usec;
+      }
+      if (write_all(fd, (void*)&rpl, sizeof(rpl), 1) != sizeof(rpl)) {
         log_err(LD_BUG,"writing response buf failed. Exiting.");
         goto end;
       }
       log_debug(LD_OR,"finished writing response.");
+    } else if (req.task == CPUWORKER_TASK_SHUTDOWN) {
+      log_info(LD_OR,"Clean shutdown: exiting");
+      goto end;
     }
+    memwipe(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+    memwipe(&rpl, 0, sizeof(req));
   }
  end:
-  if (onion_key)
-    crypto_pk_free(onion_key);
-  if (last_onion_key)
-    crypto_pk_free(last_onion_key);
+  memwipe(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+  memwipe(&rpl, 0, sizeof(req));
+  release_server_onion_keys(&onion_keys);
   tor_close_socket(fd);
   crypto_thread_cleanup();
   spawn_exit();
@@ -342,13 +537,16 @@ spawn_cpuworker(void)
 
   conn = connection_new(CONN_TYPE_CPUWORKER, AF_UNIX);
 
-  set_socket_nonblocking(fd);
-
   /* set up conn so it's got all the data we need to remember */
   conn->s = fd;
   conn->address = tor_strdup("localhost");
   tor_addr_make_unspec(&conn->addr);
 
+  if (set_socket_nonblocking(fd) == -1) {
+    connection_free(conn); /* this closes fd */
+    return -1;
+  }
+
   if (connection_add(conn) < 0) { /* no space, forget it */
     log_warn(LD_NET,"connection_add for cpuworker failed. Giving up.");
     connection_free(conn); /* this closes fd */
@@ -368,6 +566,7 @@ static void
 spawn_enough_cpuworkers(void)
 {
   int num_cpuworkers_needed = get_num_cpus(get_options());
+  int reseed = 0;
 
   if (num_cpuworkers_needed < MIN_CPUWORKERS)
     num_cpuworkers_needed = MIN_CPUWORKERS;
@@ -380,7 +579,11 @@ spawn_enough_cpuworkers(void)
       return;
     }
     num_cpuworkers++;
+    reseed++;
   }
+
+  if (reseed)
+    crypto_seed_weak_rng(&request_sample_rng);
 }
 
 /** Take a pending task from the queue and assign it to 'cpuworker'. */
@@ -388,7 +591,7 @@ static void
 process_pending_task(connection_t *cpuworker)
 {
   or_circuit_t *circ;
-  char *onionskin = NULL;
+  create_cell_t *onionskin = NULL;
 
   tor_assert(cpuworker);
 
@@ -441,12 +644,13 @@ cull_wedged_cpuworkers(void)
  */
 int
 assign_onionskin_to_cpuworker(connection_t *cpuworker,
-                              or_circuit_t *circ, char *onionskin)
+                              or_circuit_t *circ,
+                              create_cell_t *onionskin)
 {
-  char qbuf[1];
-  char tag[TAG_LEN];
+  cpuworker_request_t req;
   time_t now = approx_time();
   static time_t last_culled_cpuworkers = 0;
+  int should_time;
 
   /* Checking for wedged cpuworkers requires a linear search over all
    * connections, so let's do it only once a minute.
@@ -475,26 +679,39 @@ assign_onionskin_to_cpuworker(connection_t *cpuworker,
 
     tor_assert(cpuworker);
 
-    if (!circ->p_conn) {
-      log_info(LD_OR,"circ->p_conn gone. Failing circ.");
+    if (!circ->p_chan) {
+      log_info(LD_OR,"circ->p_chan gone. Failing circ.");
       tor_free(onionskin);
       return -1;
     }
-    tag_pack(tag, circ->p_conn->_base.global_identifier,
+
+    if (connection_or_digest_is_known_relay(circ->p_chan->identity_digest))
+      rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_completed(onionskin->handshake_type);
+
+    should_time = should_time_request(onionskin->handshake_type);
+    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+    req.magic = CPUWORKER_REQUEST_MAGIC;
+    tag_pack(req.tag, circ->p_chan->global_identifier,
              circ->p_circ_id);
+    req.timed = should_time;
 
     cpuworker->state = CPUWORKER_STATE_BUSY_ONION;
     /* touch the lastwritten timestamp, since that's how we check to
      * see how long it's been since we asked the question, and sometimes
      * we check before the first call to connection_handle_write(). */
-    cpuworker->timestamp_lastwritten = time(NULL);
+    cpuworker->timestamp_lastwritten = now;
     num_cpuworkers_busy++;
 
-    qbuf[0] = CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION;
-    connection_write_to_buf(qbuf, 1, cpuworker);
-    connection_write_to_buf(tag, sizeof(tag), cpuworker);
-    connection_write_to_buf(onionskin, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, cpuworker);
+    req.task = CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION;
+    memcpy(&req.create_cell, onionskin, sizeof(create_cell_t));
+
     tor_free(onionskin);
+
+    if (should_time)
+      tor_gettimeofday(&req.started_at);
+
+    connection_write_to_buf((void*)&req, sizeof(req), cpuworker);
+    memwipe(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/or/cpuworker.h b/src/or/cpuworker.h
index 91172caa56..317cef43ba 100644
--- a/src/or/cpuworker.h
+++ b/src/or/cpuworker.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,17 +9,23 @@
  * \brief Header file for cpuworker.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_CPUWORKER_H
-#define _TOR_CPUWORKER_H
+#ifndef TOR_CPUWORKER_H
+#define TOR_CPUWORKER_H
 
 void cpu_init(void);
 void cpuworkers_rotate(void);
 int connection_cpu_finished_flushing(connection_t *conn);
 int connection_cpu_reached_eof(connection_t *conn);
 int connection_cpu_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn);
+struct create_cell_t;
 int assign_onionskin_to_cpuworker(connection_t *cpuworker,
                                   or_circuit_t *circ,
-                                  char *onionskin);
+                                  struct create_cell_t *onionskin);
+
+uint64_t estimated_usec_for_onionskins(uint32_t n_requests,
+                                       uint16_t onionskin_type);
+void cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(int severity, int onionskin_type,
+                                      const char *onionskin_type_name);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/directory.c b/src/or/directory.c
index f235bf3b41..3752367c44 100644
--- a/src/or/directory.c
+++ b/src/or/directory.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "or.h"
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "microdesc.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 #if defined(EXPORTMALLINFO) && defined(HAVE_MALLOC_H) && defined(HAVE_MALLINFO)
 #ifndef OPENBSD
@@ -58,7 +60,6 @@
 static void directory_send_command(dir_connection_t *conn,
                              int purpose, int direct, const char *resource,
                              const char *payload, size_t payload_len,
-                             int supports_conditional_consensus,
                              time_t if_modified_since);
 static int directory_handle_command(dir_connection_t *conn);
 static int body_is_plausible(const char *body, size_t body_len, int purpose);
@@ -89,12 +90,10 @@ static void directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address,
                                             const tor_addr_t *addr,
                                             uint16_t or_port,
                                             uint16_t dir_port,
-                                            int supports_conditional_consensus,
-                                            int supports_begindir,
                                             const char *digest,
                                             uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                             uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                            int anonymized_connection,
+                                            dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                             const char *resource,
                                             const char *payload,
                                             size_t payload_len,
@@ -227,16 +226,9 @@ router_supports_extrainfo(const char *identity_digest, int is_authority)
   if (node && node->ri) {
     if (node->ri->caches_extra_info)
       return 1;
-    if (is_authority && node->ri->platform &&
-        tor_version_as_new_as(node->ri->platform,
-                              "Tor 0.2.0.0-alpha-dev (r10070)"))
-      return 1;
   }
   if (is_authority) {
-    const routerstatus_t *rs =
-      router_get_consensus_status_by_id(identity_digest);
-    if (rs && rs->version_supports_extrainfo_upload)
-      return 1;
+    return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -252,10 +244,10 @@ router_supports_extrainfo(const char *identity_digest, int is_authority)
 int
 directories_have_accepted_server_descriptor(void)
 {
-  smartlist_t *servers = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
+  const smartlist_t *servers = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, d, {
-    if ((d->type & options->_PublishServerDescriptor) &&
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(servers, dir_server_t *, d, {
+    if ((d->type & options->PublishServerDescriptor_) &&
         d->has_accepted_serverdesc) {
       return 1;
     }
@@ -288,7 +280,7 @@ directory_post_to_dirservers(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int post_via_tor;
-  smartlist_t *dirservers = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
+  const smartlist_t *dirservers = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
   int found = 0;
   const int exclude_self = (dir_purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_VOTE ||
                             dir_purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_SIGNATURES);
@@ -296,7 +288,7 @@ directory_post_to_dirservers(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
   /* This tries dirservers which we believe to be down, but ultimately, that's
    * harmless, and we may as well err on the side of getting things uploaded.
    */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(dirservers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds) {
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(dirservers, dir_server_t *, ds) {
       routerstatus_t *rs = &(ds->fake_status);
       size_t upload_len = payload_len;
       tor_addr_t ds_addr;
@@ -342,6 +334,60 @@ directory_post_to_dirservers(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
   }
 }
 
+/** Return true iff, according to the values in <b>options</b>, we should be
+ * using directory guards for direct downloads of directory information. */
+static int
+should_use_directory_guards(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  /* Public (non-bridge) servers never use directory guards. */
+  if (public_server_mode(options))
+    return 0;
+  /* If guards are disabled, or directory guards are disabled, we can't
+   * use directory guards.
+   */
+  if (!options->UseEntryGuards || !options->UseEntryGuardsAsDirGuards)
+    return 0;
+  /* If we're configured to fetch directory info aggressively or of a
+   * nonstandard type, don't use directory guards. */
+  if (options->DownloadExtraInfo || options->FetchDirInfoEarly ||
+      options->FetchDirInfoExtraEarly || options->FetchUselessDescriptors ||
+      options->FetchV2Networkstatus)
+    return 0;
+  if (! options->PreferTunneledDirConns)
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/** Pick an unconsetrained directory server from among our guards, the latest
+ * networkstatus, or the fallback dirservers, for use in downloading
+ * information of type <b>type</b>, and return its routerstatus. */
+static const routerstatus_t *
+directory_pick_generic_dirserver(dirinfo_type_t type, int pds_flags,
+                                 uint8_t dir_purpose)
+{
+  const routerstatus_t *rs = NULL;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  if (options->UseBridges)
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called when we have UseBridges set.");
+
+  if (should_use_directory_guards(options)) {
+    const node_t *node = choose_random_dirguard(type);
+    if (node)
+      rs = node->rs;
+  } else {
+    /* anybody with a non-zero dirport will do */
+    rs = router_pick_directory_server(type, pds_flags);
+  }
+  if (!rs) {
+    log_info(LD_DIR, "No router found for %s; falling back to "
+             "dirserver list.", dir_conn_purpose_to_string(dir_purpose));
+    rs = router_pick_fallback_dirserver(type, pds_flags);
+  }
+
+  return rs;
+}
+
 /** Start a connection to a random running directory server, using
  * connection purpose <b>dir_purpose</b>, intending to fetch descriptors
  * of purpose <b>router_purpose</b>, and requesting <b>resource</b>.
@@ -426,26 +472,25 @@ directory_get_from_dirserver(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
     if (options->UseBridges && type != BRIDGE_DIRINFO) {
       /* We want to ask a running bridge for which we have a descriptor.
        *
-       * Be careful here: we should only ask questions that we know our
-       * bridges can answer. So far we're solving that by backing off to
-       * the behavior supported by our oldest bridge; see for example
-       * any_bridges_dont_support_microdescriptors().
+       * When we ask choose_random_entry() for a bridge, we specify what
+       * sort of dir fetch we'll be doing, so it won't return a bridge
+       * that can't answer our question.
        */
       /* XXX024 Not all bridges handle conditional consensus downloading,
        * so, for now, never assume the server supports that. -PP */
-      const node_t *node = choose_random_entry(NULL);
+      const node_t *node = choose_random_dirguard(type);
       if (node && node->ri) {
         /* every bridge has a routerinfo. */
         tor_addr_t addr;
         routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
         node_get_addr(node, &addr);
         directory_initiate_command(ri->address, &addr,
-                                   ri->or_port, 0,
-                                   0, /* don't use conditional consensus url */
-                                   1, ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                   ri->or_port, 0/*no dirport*/,
+                                   ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
                                    dir_purpose,
                                    router_purpose,
-                                   0, resource, NULL, 0, if_modified_since);
+                                   DIRIND_ONEHOP,
+                                   resource, NULL, 0, if_modified_since);
       } else
         log_notice(LD_DIR, "Ignoring directory request, since no bridge "
                            "nodes are available yet.");
@@ -479,14 +524,13 @@ directory_get_from_dirserver(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
         }
       }
       if (!rs && type != BRIDGE_DIRINFO) {
-        /* anybody with a non-zero dirport will do */
-        rs = router_pick_directory_server(type, pds_flags);
+        /* */
+        rs = directory_pick_generic_dirserver(type, pds_flags,
+                                              dir_purpose);
         if (!rs) {
-          log_info(LD_DIR, "No router found for %s; falling back to "
-                   "dirserver list.", dir_conn_purpose_to_string(dir_purpose));
-          rs = router_pick_trusteddirserver(type, pds_flags);
-          if (!rs)
-            get_via_tor = 1; /* last resort: try routing it via Tor */
+          /*XXXX024 I'm pretty sure this can never do any good, since
+           * rs isn't set. */
+          get_via_tor = 1; /* last resort: try routing it via Tor */
         }
       }
     }
@@ -506,13 +550,15 @@ directory_get_from_dirserver(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
     }
   }
 
-  if (rs)
+  if (rs) {
+    const dir_indirection_t indirection =
+      get_via_tor ? DIRIND_ANONYMOUS : DIRIND_ONEHOP;
     directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(rs, dir_purpose,
                                             router_purpose,
-                                            get_via_tor,
+                                            indirection,
                                             resource, NULL, 0,
                                             if_modified_since);
-  else {
+  } else {
     log_notice(LD_DIR,
                "While fetching directory info, "
                "no running dirservers known. Will try again later. "
@@ -536,7 +582,7 @@ directory_get_from_all_authorities(uint8_t dir_purpose,
              dir_purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_DETACHED_SIGNATURES);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                          trusted_dir_server_t *, ds) {
+                          dir_server_t *, ds) {
       routerstatus_t *rs;
       if (router_digest_is_me(ds->digest))
         continue;
@@ -544,17 +590,25 @@ directory_get_from_all_authorities(uint8_t dir_purpose,
         continue;
       rs = &ds->fake_status;
       directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(rs, dir_purpose, router_purpose,
-                                              0, resource, NULL, 0, 0);
+                                              DIRIND_ONEHOP, resource, NULL,
+                                              0, 0);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ds);
 }
 
+/** Return true iff <b>ind</b> requires a multihop circuit. */
+static int
+dirind_is_anon(dir_indirection_t ind)
+{
+  return ind == DIRIND_ANON_DIRPORT || ind == DIRIND_ANONYMOUS;
+}
+
 /** Same as directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(), but accepts
  * rendezvous data to fetch a hidden service descriptor. */
 void
 directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(const routerstatus_t *status,
                                              uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                              uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                             int anonymized_connection,
+                                             dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                              const char *resource,
                                              const char *payload,
                                              size_t payload_len,
@@ -567,6 +621,7 @@ directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(const routerstatus_t *status,
   struct in_addr in;
   const char *address;
   tor_addr_t addr;
+  const int anonymized_connection = dirind_is_anon(indirection);
   node = node_get_by_id(status->identity_digest);
 
   if (!node && anonymized_connection) {
@@ -596,11 +651,9 @@ directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(const routerstatus_t *status,
 
   directory_initiate_command_rend(address, &addr,
                              status->or_port, status->dir_port,
-                             status->version_supports_conditional_consensus,
-                             status->version_supports_begindir,
                              status->identity_digest,
                              dir_purpose, router_purpose,
-                             anonymized_connection, resource,
+                             indirection, resource,
                              payload, payload_len, if_modified_since,
                              rend_query);
 }
@@ -623,7 +676,7 @@ void
 directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(const routerstatus_t *status,
                                         uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                         uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                        int anonymized_connection,
+                                        dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                         const char *resource,
                                         const char *payload,
                                         size_t payload_len,
@@ -631,7 +684,7 @@ directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(const routerstatus_t *status,
 {
   directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(status, dir_purpose,
                                           router_purpose,
-                                          anonymized_connection, resource,
+                                          indirection, resource,
                                           payload, payload_len,
                                           if_modified_since, NULL);
 }
@@ -647,8 +700,8 @@ directory_conn_is_self_reachability_test(dir_connection_t *conn)
     const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo();
     if (me &&
         router_digest_is_me(conn->identity_digest) &&
-        tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(&conn->_base.addr, me->addr) && /*XXXX prop 118*/
-        me->dir_port == conn->_base.port)
+        tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(&conn->base_.addr, me->addr) && /*XXXX prop 118*/
+        me->dir_port == conn->base_.port)
       return 1;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -666,35 +719,35 @@ connection_dir_request_failed(dir_connection_t *conn)
   }
   if (!entry_list_is_constrained(get_options()))
     router_set_status(conn->identity_digest, 0); /* don't try him again */
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_V2_NETWORKSTATUS) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_V2_NETWORKSTATUS) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up on directory server at '%s'; retrying",
-             conn->_base.address);
+             conn->base_.address);
     connection_dir_download_v2_networkstatus_failed(conn, -1);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
-             conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO) {
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
+             conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up on serverdesc/extrainfo fetch from "
              "directory server at '%s'; retrying",
-             conn->_base.address);
+             conn->base_.address);
     if (conn->router_purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE)
       connection_dir_bridge_routerdesc_failed(conn);
     connection_dir_download_routerdesc_failed(conn);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CONSENSUS) {
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CONSENSUS) {
     if (conn->requested_resource)
       networkstatus_consensus_download_failed(0, conn->requested_resource);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE) {
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up on certificate fetch from directory server "
              "at '%s'; retrying",
-             conn->_base.address);
+             conn->base_.address);
     connection_dir_download_cert_failed(conn, 0);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_DETACHED_SIGNATURES) {
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_DETACHED_SIGNATURES) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up downloading detached signatures from '%s'",
-             conn->_base.address);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_STATUS_VOTE) {
+             conn->base_.address);
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_STATUS_VOTE) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up downloading votes from '%s'",
-             conn->_base.address);
-  } else if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
+             conn->base_.address);
+  } else if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Giving up on downloading microdescriptors from "
-             " directory server at '%s'; will retry", conn->_base.address);
+             " directory server at '%s'; will retry", conn->base_.address);
     connection_dir_download_routerdesc_failed(conn);
   }
 }
@@ -717,10 +770,10 @@ connection_dir_download_v2_networkstatus_failed(dir_connection_t *conn,
     /* We're a non-authoritative directory cache; try again. Ignore status
      * code, since we don't want to keep trying forever in a tight loop
      * if all the authorities are shutting us out. */
-    smartlist_t *trusted_dirs = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dirs, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+    const smartlist_t *trusted_dirs = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dirs, dir_server_t *, ds,
                       download_status_failed(&ds->v2_ns_dl_status, 0));
-    directory_get_from_dirserver(conn->_base.purpose, conn->router_purpose,
+    directory_get_from_dirserver(conn->base_.purpose, conn->router_purpose,
                                  "all.z", 0 /* don't retry_if_no_servers */);
   } else if (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, "fp/")) {
     /* We were trying to download by fingerprint; mark them all as having
@@ -765,9 +818,9 @@ connection_dir_download_routerdesc_failed(dir_connection_t *conn)
 
   /* No need to relaunch descriptor downloads here: we already do it
    * every 10 or 60 seconds (FOO_DESCRIPTOR_RETRY_INTERVAL) in main.c. */
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
-             conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO ||
-             conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
+             conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO ||
+             conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC);
 
   (void) conn;
 }
@@ -791,7 +844,7 @@ connection_dir_bridge_routerdesc_failed(dir_connection_t *conn)
                                         + strlen("fp/"),
                                        which, NULL, 0);
 
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.purpose != DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.purpose != DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO);
   if (smartlist_len(which)) {
     connection_dir_retry_bridges(which);
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(which, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
@@ -803,19 +856,43 @@ connection_dir_bridge_routerdesc_failed(dir_connection_t *conn)
 static void
 connection_dir_download_cert_failed(dir_connection_t *conn, int status)
 {
+  const char *fp_pfx = "fp/";
+  const char *fpsk_pfx = "fp-sk/";
   smartlist_t *failed;
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE);
 
   if (!conn->requested_resource)
     return;
   failed = smartlist_new();
-  dir_split_resource_into_fingerprints(conn->requested_resource+3,
-                                       failed, NULL, DSR_HEX);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(failed, char *, cp,
-  {
-    authority_cert_dl_failed(cp, status);
-    tor_free(cp);
-  });
+  /*
+   * We have two cases download by fingerprint (resource starts
+   * with "fp/") or download by fingerprint/signing key pair
+   * (resource starts with "fp-sk/").
+   */
+  if (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, fp_pfx)) {
+    /* Download by fingerprint case */
+    dir_split_resource_into_fingerprints(conn->requested_resource +
+                                         strlen(fp_pfx),
+                                         failed, NULL, DSR_HEX);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(failed, char *, cp) {
+      /* Null signing key digest indicates download by fp only */
+      authority_cert_dl_failed(cp, NULL, status);
+      tor_free(cp);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(cp);
+  } else if (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, fpsk_pfx)) {
+    /* Download by (fp,sk) pairs */
+    dir_split_resource_into_fingerprint_pairs(conn->requested_resource +
+                                              strlen(fpsk_pfx), failed);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(failed, fp_pair_t *, cp) {
+      authority_cert_dl_failed(cp->first, cp->second, status);
+      tor_free(cp);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(cp);
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_DIR,
+             "Don't know what to do with failure for cert fetch %s",
+             conn->requested_resource);
+  }
+
   smartlist_free(failed);
 
   update_certificate_downloads(time(NULL));
@@ -833,11 +910,13 @@ static int
 directory_command_should_use_begindir(const or_options_t *options,
                                       const tor_addr_t *addr,
                                       int or_port, uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                      int anonymized_connection)
+                                      dir_indirection_t indirection)
 {
   if (!or_port)
     return 0; /* We don't know an ORPort -- no chance. */
-  if (!anonymized_connection)
+  if (indirection == DIRIND_DIRECT_CONN || indirection == DIRIND_ANON_DIRPORT)
+    return 0;
+  if (indirection == DIRIND_ONEHOP)
     if (!fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(addr, or_port) ||
         directory_fetches_from_authorities(options))
       return 0; /* We're firewalled or are acting like a relay -- also no. */
@@ -855,17 +934,15 @@ directory_command_should_use_begindir(const or_options_t *options,
 void
 directory_initiate_command(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
                            uint16_t or_port, uint16_t dir_port,
-                           int supports_conditional_consensus,
-                           int supports_begindir, const char *digest,
+                           const char *digest,
                            uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
-                           int anonymized_connection, const char *resource,
+                           dir_indirection_t indirection, const char *resource,
                            const char *payload, size_t payload_len,
                            time_t if_modified_since)
 {
   directory_initiate_command_rend(address, _addr, or_port, dir_port,
-                             supports_conditional_consensus,
-                             supports_begindir, digest, dir_purpose,
-                             router_purpose, anonymized_connection,
+                             digest, dir_purpose,
+                             router_purpose, indirection,
                              resource, payload, payload_len,
                              if_modified_since, NULL);
 }
@@ -889,10 +966,9 @@ is_sensitive_dir_purpose(uint8_t dir_purpose)
 static void
 directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
                                 uint16_t or_port, uint16_t dir_port,
-                                int supports_conditional_consensus,
-                                int supports_begindir, const char *digest,
+                                const char *digest,
                                 uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                int anonymized_connection,
+                                dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                 const char *resource,
                                 const char *payload, size_t payload_len,
                                 time_t if_modified_since,
@@ -901,9 +977,9 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
   dir_connection_t *conn;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int socket_error = 0;
-  int use_begindir = supports_begindir &&
-                     directory_command_should_use_begindir(options, _addr,
-                       or_port, router_purpose, anonymized_connection);
+  int use_begindir = directory_command_should_use_begindir(options, _addr,
+                                     or_port, router_purpose, indirection);
+  const int anonymized_connection = dirind_is_anon(indirection);
   tor_addr_t addr;
 
   tor_assert(address);
@@ -937,18 +1013,19 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
   conn = dir_connection_new(tor_addr_family(&addr));
 
   /* set up conn so it's got all the data we need to remember */
-  tor_addr_copy(&conn->_base.addr, &addr);
-  conn->_base.port = use_begindir ? or_port : dir_port;
-  conn->_base.address = tor_strdup(address);
+  tor_addr_copy(&conn->base_.addr, &addr);
+  conn->base_.port = use_begindir ? or_port : dir_port;
+  conn->base_.address = tor_strdup(address);
   memcpy(conn->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 
-  conn->_base.purpose = dir_purpose;
+  conn->base_.purpose = dir_purpose;
   conn->router_purpose = router_purpose;
 
   /* give it an initial state */
-  conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
+  conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
 
   /* decide whether we can learn our IP address from this conn */
+  /* XXXX This is a bad name for this field now. */
   conn->dirconn_direct = !anonymized_connection;
 
   /* copy rendezvous data, if any */
@@ -963,7 +1040,7 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
       dir_port = options->HTTPProxyPort;
     }
 
-    switch (connection_connect(TO_CONN(conn), conn->_base.address, &addr,
+    switch (connection_connect(TO_CONN(conn), conn->base_.address, &addr,
                                dir_port, &socket_error)) {
       case -1:
         connection_dir_request_failed(conn); /* retry if we want */
@@ -973,13 +1050,12 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
         return;
       case 1:
         /* start flushing conn */
-        conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING;
+        conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING;
         /* fall through */
       case 0:
         /* queue the command on the outbuf */
         directory_send_command(conn, dir_purpose, 1, resource,
                                payload, payload_len,
-                               supports_conditional_consensus,
                                if_modified_since);
         connection_watch_events(TO_CONN(conn), READ_EVENT | WRITE_EVENT);
         /* writable indicates finish, readable indicates broken link,
@@ -997,7 +1073,7 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
     if (anonymized_connection && use_begindir)
       rep_hist_note_used_internal(time(NULL), 0, 1);
     else if (anonymized_connection && !use_begindir)
-      rep_hist_note_used_port(time(NULL), conn->_base.port);
+      rep_hist_note_used_port(time(NULL), conn->base_.port);
 
     /* make an AP connection
      * populate it and add it at the right state
@@ -1005,7 +1081,7 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
      */
     linked_conn =
       connection_ap_make_link(TO_CONN(conn),
-                              conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port,
+                              conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port,
                               digest,
                               SESSION_GROUP_DIRCONN, iso_flags,
                               use_begindir, conn->dirconn_direct);
@@ -1020,11 +1096,10 @@ directory_initiate_command_rend(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *_addr,
       connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
       return;
     }
-    conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING;
+    conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING;
     /* queue the command on the outbuf */
     directory_send_command(conn, dir_purpose, 0, resource,
                            payload, payload_len,
-                           supports_conditional_consensus,
                            if_modified_since);
 
     connection_watch_events(TO_CONN(conn), READ_EVENT|WRITE_EVENT);
@@ -1054,7 +1129,7 @@ connection_dir_is_encrypted(dir_connection_t *conn)
  * sort strings alphabetically
  */
 static int
-_compare_strs(const void **a, const void **b)
+compare_strs_(const void **a, const void **b)
 {
   const char *s1 = *a, *s2 = *b;
   return strcmp(s1, s2);
@@ -1074,8 +1149,7 @@ _compare_strs(const void **a, const void **b)
  * If 'resource' is provided, it is the name of a consensus flavor to request.
  */
 static char *
-directory_get_consensus_url(int supports_conditional_consensus,
-                            const char *resource)
+directory_get_consensus_url(const char *resource)
 {
   char *url = NULL;
   const char *hyphen, *flavor;
@@ -1087,12 +1161,12 @@ directory_get_consensus_url(int supports_conditional_consensus,
     hyphen = "-";
   }
 
-  if (supports_conditional_consensus) {
+  {
     char *authority_id_list;
     smartlist_t *authority_digests = smartlist_new();
 
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                            trusted_dir_server_t *, ds) {
+                            dir_server_t *, ds) {
         char *hex;
         if (!(ds->type & V3_DIRINFO))
           continue;
@@ -1102,7 +1176,7 @@ directory_get_consensus_url(int supports_conditional_consensus,
                       ds->v3_identity_digest, CONDITIONAL_CONSENSUS_FPR_LEN);
         smartlist_add(authority_digests, hex);
     } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ds);
-    smartlist_sort(authority_digests, _compare_strs);
+    smartlist_sort(authority_digests, compare_strs_);
     authority_id_list = smartlist_join_strings(authority_digests,
                                                "+", 0, NULL);
 
@@ -1112,9 +1186,6 @@ directory_get_consensus_url(int supports_conditional_consensus,
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(authority_digests, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
     smartlist_free(authority_digests);
     tor_free(authority_id_list);
-  } else {
-    tor_asprintf(&url, "/tor/status-vote/current/consensus%s%s.z",
-                 hyphen, flavor);
   }
   return url;
 }
@@ -1126,7 +1197,6 @@ static void
 directory_send_command(dir_connection_t *conn,
                        int purpose, int direct, const char *resource,
                        const char *payload, size_t payload_len,
-                       int supports_conditional_consensus,
                        time_t if_modified_since)
 {
   char proxystring[256];
@@ -1137,18 +1207,18 @@ directory_send_command(dir_connection_t *conn,
   const char *httpcommand = NULL;
 
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
 
   tor_free(conn->requested_resource);
   if (resource)
     conn->requested_resource = tor_strdup(resource);
 
   /* come up with a string for which Host: we want */
-  if (conn->_base.port == 80) {
-    strlcpy(hoststring, conn->_base.address, sizeof(hoststring));
+  if (conn->base_.port == 80) {
+    strlcpy(hoststring, conn->base_.address, sizeof(hoststring));
   } else {
     tor_snprintf(hoststring, sizeof(hoststring),"%s:%d",
-                 conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
   }
 
   /* Format if-modified-since */
@@ -1189,8 +1259,7 @@ directory_send_command(dir_connection_t *conn,
       /* resource is optional.  If present, it's a flavor name */
       tor_assert(!payload);
       httpcommand = "GET";
-      url = directory_get_consensus_url(supports_conditional_consensus,
-                                        resource);
+      url = directory_get_consensus_url(resource);
       log_info(LD_DIR, "Downloading consensus from %s using %s",
                hoststring, url);
       break;
@@ -1584,11 +1653,12 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
   compress_method_t compression;
   int plausible;
   int skewed=0;
-  int allow_partial = (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
-                       conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO ||
-                       conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC);
+  int allow_partial = (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
+                       conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO ||
+                       conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC);
   int was_compressed=0;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
+  int src_code;
 
   switch (connection_fetch_from_buf_http(TO_CONN(conn),
                               &headers, MAX_HEADERS_SIZE,
@@ -1597,7 +1667,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     case -1: /* overflow */
       log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
                "'fetch' response too large (server '%s:%d'). Closing.",
-               conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+               conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
       return -1;
     case 0:
       log_info(LD_HTTP,
@@ -1610,7 +1680,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
   if (parse_http_response(headers, &status_code, &date_header,
                           &compression, &reason) < 0) {
     log_warn(LD_HTTP,"Unparseable headers (server '%s:%d'). Closing.",
-             conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     tor_free(body); tor_free(headers);
     return -1;
   }
@@ -1619,9 +1689,9 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
   log_debug(LD_DIR,
             "Received response from directory server '%s:%d': %d %s "
             "(purpose: %d)",
-            conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port, status_code,
+            conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port, status_code,
             escaped(reason),
-            conn->_base.purpose);
+            conn->base_.purpose);
 
   /* now check if it's got any hints for us about our IP address. */
   if (conn->dirconn_direct) {
@@ -1638,7 +1708,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
      * and the date header.  (We used to check now-date_header, but that's
      * inaccurate if we spend a lot of time downloading.)
      */
-    delta = conn->_base.timestamp_lastwritten - date_header;
+    delta = conn->base_.timestamp_lastwritten - date_header;
     if (labs(delta)>ALLOW_DIRECTORY_TIME_SKEW) {
       char dbuf[64];
       int trusted = router_digest_is_trusted_dir(conn->identity_digest);
@@ -1649,14 +1719,14 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
              "It seems that our clock is %s by %s, or that theirs is %s. "
              "Tor requires an accurate clock to work: please check your time, "
              "timezone, and date settings.",
-             conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port,
+             conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port,
              delta>0 ? "ahead" : "behind", dbuf,
              delta>0 ? "behind" : "ahead");
       skewed = 1; /* don't check the recommended-versions line */
       if (trusted)
         control_event_general_status(LOG_WARN,
                                  "CLOCK_SKEW SKEW=%ld SOURCE=DIRSERV:%s:%d",
-                                 delta, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                                 delta, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     } else {
       log_debug(LD_HTTP, "Time on received directory is within tolerance; "
                 "we are %ld seconds skewed.  (That's okay.)", delta);
@@ -1666,22 +1736,22 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
 
   if (status_code == 503) {
     routerstatus_t *rs;
-    trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+    dir_server_t *ds;
     const char *id_digest = conn->identity_digest;
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received http status code %d (%s) from server "
              "'%s:%d'. I'll try again soon.",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
     if ((rs = router_get_mutable_consensus_status_by_id(id_digest)))
       rs->last_dir_503_at = now;
-    if ((ds = router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(id_digest)))
+    if ((ds = router_get_fallback_dirserver_by_digest(id_digest)))
       ds->fake_status.last_dir_503_at = now;
 
     tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
     return -1;
   }
 
-  plausible = body_is_plausible(body, body_len, conn->_base.purpose);
+  plausible = body_is_plausible(body, body_len, conn->base_.purpose);
   if (compression != NO_METHOD || !plausible) {
     char *new_body = NULL;
     size_t new_len = 0;
@@ -1708,7 +1778,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
 
       log_info(LD_HTTP, "HTTP body from server '%s:%d' was labeled %s, "
                "but it seems to be %s.%s",
-               conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port, description1,
+               conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port, description1,
                description2,
                (compression>0 && guessed>0)?"  Trying both.":"");
     }
@@ -1728,7 +1798,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     if (!plausible && !new_body) {
       log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_HTTP,
              "Unable to decompress HTTP body (server '%s:%d').",
-             conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       return -1;
     }
@@ -1740,12 +1810,12 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_V2_NETWORKSTATUS) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_V2_NETWORKSTATUS) {
     smartlist_t *which = NULL;
     v2_networkstatus_source_t source;
     char *cp;
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received networkstatus objects (size %d) from server "
-             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     if (status_code != 200) {
       static ratelim_t warning_limit = RATELIM_INIT(3600);
       char *m;
@@ -1754,8 +1824,8 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
                  "Received http status code %d (%s) from server "
                  "'%s:%d' while fetching \"/tor/status/%s\". "
                  "I'll try again soon.%s",
-                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-                 conn->_base.port, conn->requested_resource, m);
+                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+                 conn->base_.port, conn->requested_resource, m);
         tor_free(m);
       }
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
@@ -1773,7 +1843,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       source = NS_FROM_DIR_ALL;
       which = smartlist_new();
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                        trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+                        dir_server_t *, ds,
         {
           char *hex = tor_malloc(HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1);
           base16_encode(hex, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, ds->digest, DIGEST_LEN);
@@ -1811,27 +1881,27 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CONSENSUS) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CONSENSUS) {
     int r;
     const char *flavname = conn->requested_resource;
     if (status_code != 200) {
       int severity = (status_code == 304) ? LOG_INFO : LOG_WARN;
-      log(severity, LD_DIR,
+      tor_log(severity, LD_DIR,
           "Received http status code %d (%s) from server "
           "'%s:%d' while fetching consensus directory.",
-           status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-           conn->_base.port);
+           status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+           conn->base_.port);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       networkstatus_consensus_download_failed(status_code, flavname);
       return -1;
     }
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received consensus directory (size %d) from server "
-             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     if ((r=networkstatus_set_current_consensus(body, flavname, 0))<0) {
       log_fn(r<-1?LOG_WARN:LOG_INFO, LD_DIR,
              "Unable to load %s consensus directory downloaded from "
              "server '%s:%d'. I'll try again soon.",
-             flavname, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             flavname, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       networkstatus_consensus_download_failed(0, flavname);
       return -1;
@@ -1844,40 +1914,60 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Successfully loaded consensus.");
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE) {
     if (status_code != 200) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR,
           "Received http status code %d (%s) from server "
           "'%s:%d' while fetching \"/tor/keys/%s\".",
-           status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-           conn->_base.port, conn->requested_resource);
+           status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+           conn->base_.port, conn->requested_resource);
       connection_dir_download_cert_failed(conn, status_code);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       return -1;
     }
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received authority certificates (size %d) from server "
-             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
-    if (trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(body, 0, 1)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to parse fetched certificates");
-      /* if we fetched more than one and only some failed, the successful
-       * ones got flushed to disk so it's safe to call this on them */
-      connection_dir_download_cert_failed(conn, status_code);
+             "'%s:%d'", (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
+
+    /*
+     * Tell trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string() whether it was by fp
+     * or fp-sk pair.
+     */
+    src_code = -1;
+    if (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, "fp/")) {
+      src_code = TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_DIGEST;
+    } else if (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, "fp-sk/")) {
+      src_code = TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_SK_DIGEST;
+    }
+
+    if (src_code != -1) {
+      if (trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(body, src_code, 1)<0) {
+        log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to parse fetched certificates");
+        /* if we fetched more than one and only some failed, the successful
+         * ones got flushed to disk so it's safe to call this on them */
+        connection_dir_download_cert_failed(conn, status_code);
+      } else {
+        directory_info_has_arrived(now, 0);
+        log_info(LD_DIR, "Successfully loaded certificates from fetch.");
+      }
     } else {
-      directory_info_has_arrived(now, 0);
-      log_info(LD_DIR, "Successfully loaded certificates from fetch.");
+      log_warn(LD_DIR,
+               "Couldn't figure out what to do with fetched certificates for "
+               "unknown resource %s",
+               conn->requested_resource);
+      connection_dir_download_cert_failed(conn, status_code);
     }
   }
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_STATUS_VOTE) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_STATUS_VOTE) {
     const char *msg;
     int st;
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Got votes (size %d) from server %s:%d",
-             (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     if (status_code != 200) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR,
              "Received http status code %d (%s) from server "
              "'%s:%d' while fetching \"/tor/status-vote/next/%s.z\".",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port, conn->requested_resource);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port, conn->requested_resource);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       return -1;
     }
@@ -1888,35 +1978,35 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       log_info(LD_DIR, "Added vote(s) successfully [msg: %s]", msg);
     }
   }
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_DETACHED_SIGNATURES) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_DETACHED_SIGNATURES) {
     const char *msg = NULL;
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Got detached signatures (size %d) from server %s:%d",
-             (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     if (status_code != 200) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR,
         "Received http status code %d (%s) from server '%s:%d' while fetching "
         "\"/tor/status-vote/next/consensus-signatures.z\".",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
       tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
       return -1;
     }
-    if (dirvote_add_signatures(body, conn->_base.address, &msg)<0) {
+    if (dirvote_add_signatures(body, conn->base_.address, &msg)<0) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "Problem adding detached signatures from %s:%d: %s",
-               conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port, msg?msg:"???");
+               conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port, msg?msg:"???");
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
-      conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO) {
-    int was_ei = conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO;
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC ||
+      conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO) {
+    int was_ei = conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO;
     smartlist_t *which = NULL;
     int n_asked_for = 0;
     int descriptor_digests = conn->requested_resource &&
                              !strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource,"d/");
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received %s (size %d) from server '%s:%d'",
              was_ei ? "extra server info" : "server info",
-             (int)body_len, conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+             (int)body_len, conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
     if (conn->requested_resource &&
         (!strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource,"d/") ||
          !strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource,"fp/"))) {
@@ -1934,8 +2024,8 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       log_fn(dir_okay ? LOG_INFO : LOG_WARN, LD_DIR,
              "Received http status code %d (%s) from server '%s:%d' "
              "while fetching \"/tor/server/%s\". I'll try again soon.",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port, conn->requested_resource);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port, conn->requested_resource);
       if (!which) {
         connection_dir_download_routerdesc_failed(conn);
       } else {
@@ -1969,7 +2059,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
         //                       descriptor_digests, conn->router_purpose);
         if (load_downloaded_routers(body, which, descriptor_digests,
                                 conn->router_purpose,
-                                conn->_base.address))
+                                conn->base_.address))
           directory_info_has_arrived(now, 0);
       }
     }
@@ -1977,7 +2067,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       log_info(LD_DIR, "Received %d/%d %s requested from %s:%d",
                n_asked_for-smartlist_len(which), n_asked_for,
                was_ei ? "extra-info documents" : "router descriptors",
-               conn->_base.address, (int)conn->_base.port);
+               conn->base_.address, (int)conn->base_.port);
       if (smartlist_len(which)) {
         dir_routerdesc_download_failed(which, status_code,
                                        conn->router_purpose,
@@ -1989,12 +2079,12 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
     if (directory_conn_is_self_reachability_test(conn))
       router_dirport_found_reachable();
   }
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
     smartlist_t *which = NULL;
     log_info(LD_DIR,"Received answer to microdescriptor request (status %d, "
              "size %d) from server '%s:%d'",
-             status_code, (int)body_len, conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, (int)body_len, conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
     tor_assert(conn->requested_resource &&
                !strcmpstart(conn->requested_resource, "d/"));
     which = smartlist_new();
@@ -2005,8 +2095,8 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       log_info(LD_DIR, "Received status code %d (%s) from server "
                "'%s:%d' while fetching \"/tor/micro/%s\".  I'll try again "
                "soon.",
-               status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-               (int)conn->_base.port, conn->requested_resource);
+               status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+               (int)conn->base_.port, conn->requested_resource);
       dir_microdesc_download_failed(which, status_code);
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(which, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
       smartlist_free(which);
@@ -2021,16 +2111,18 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
         /* Mark remaining ones as failed. */
         dir_microdesc_download_failed(which, status_code);
       }
+      control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS,
+                              count_loading_descriptors_progress());
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(which, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
       smartlist_free(which);
       smartlist_free(mds);
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_DIR) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_DIR) {
     switch (status_code) {
       case 200: {
-          trusted_dir_server_t *ds =
+          dir_server_t *ds =
             router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(conn->identity_digest);
           char *rejected_hdr = http_get_header(headers,
                                                "X-Descriptor-Not-New: ");
@@ -2053,7 +2145,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
                    "descriptor: finished.");
           control_event_server_status(
                       LOG_NOTICE, "ACCEPTED_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR DIRAUTH=%s:%d",
-                      conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                      conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
 
           ds->has_accepted_serverdesc = 1;
           if (directories_have_accepted_server_descriptor())
@@ -2063,72 +2155,72 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       case 400:
         log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"http status 400 (%s) response from "
                  "dirserver '%s:%d'. Please correct.",
-                 escaped(reason), conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 escaped(reason), conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         control_event_server_status(LOG_WARN,
                       "BAD_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR DIRAUTH=%s:%d REASON=\"%s\"",
-                      conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port, escaped(reason));
+                      conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port, escaped(reason));
         break;
       default:
         log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
              "http status %d (%s) reason unexpected while uploading "
              "descriptor to server '%s:%d').",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
     /* return 0 in all cases, since we don't want to mark any
      * dirservers down just because they don't like us. */
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_VOTE) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_VOTE) {
     switch (status_code) {
       case 200: {
         log_notice(LD_DIR,"Uploaded a vote to dirserver %s:%d",
-                   conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                   conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         }
         break;
       case 400:
         log_warn(LD_DIR,"http status 400 (%s) response after uploading "
                  "vote to dirserver '%s:%d'. Please correct.",
-                 escaped(reason), conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 escaped(reason), conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         break;
       default:
         log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
              "http status %d (%s) reason unexpected while uploading "
              "vote to server '%s:%d').",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
     /* return 0 in all cases, since we don't want to mark any
      * dirservers down just because they don't like us. */
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_SIGNATURES) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_SIGNATURES) {
     switch (status_code) {
       case 200: {
         log_notice(LD_DIR,"Uploaded signature(s) to dirserver %s:%d",
-                   conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                   conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         }
         break;
       case 400:
         log_warn(LD_DIR,"http status 400 (%s) response after uploading "
                  "signatures to dirserver '%s:%d'. Please correct.",
-                 escaped(reason), conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 escaped(reason), conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         break;
       default:
         log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
              "http status %d (%s) reason unexpected while uploading "
              "signatures to server '%s:%d').",
-             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-             conn->_base.port);
+             status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+             conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
     /* return 0 in all cases, since we don't want to mark any
      * dirservers down just because they don't like us. */
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC) {
     tor_assert(conn->rend_data);
     log_info(LD_REND,"Received rendezvous descriptor (size %d, status %d "
              "(%s))",
@@ -2146,7 +2238,7 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
         } else {
           /* Success, or at least there's a v2 descriptor already
            * present. Notify pending connections about this. */
-          conn->_base.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
+          conn->base_.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
           rend_client_desc_trynow(conn->rend_data->onion_address);
         }
         break;
@@ -2162,13 +2254,13 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       default:
         log_warn(LD_REND,"http status %d (%s) response unexpected while "
                  "fetching hidden service descriptor (server '%s:%d').",
-                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-                 conn->_base.port);
+                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+                 conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC_V2) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC_V2) {
     tor_assert(conn->rend_data);
     log_info(LD_REND,"Received rendezvous descriptor (size %d, status %d "
              "(%s))",
@@ -2187,13 +2279,13 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
              * and _not_ performing another request. */
             log_info(LD_REND, "Successfully fetched v2 rendezvous "
                      "descriptor, but we already have a v0 descriptor.");
-            conn->_base.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
+            conn->base_.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
             break;
           default:
             /* success. notify pending connections about this. */
             log_info(LD_REND, "Successfully fetched v2 rendezvous "
                      "descriptor.");
-            conn->_base.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
+            conn->base_.purpose = DIR_PURPOSE_HAS_FETCHED_RENDDESC;
             rend_client_desc_trynow(conn->rend_data->onion_address);
             break;
         }
@@ -2215,14 +2307,14 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
                  "http status %d (%s) response unexpected while "
                  "fetching v2 hidden service descriptor (server '%s:%d'). "
                  "Retrying at another directory.",
-                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-                 conn->_base.port);
+                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+                 conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_RENDDESC ||
-      conn->_base.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_RENDDESC_V2) {
+  if (conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_RENDDESC ||
+      conn->base_.purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_RENDDESC_V2) {
     log_info(LD_REND,"Uploaded rendezvous descriptor (status %d "
              "(%s))",
              status_code, escaped(reason));
@@ -2235,17 +2327,17 @@ connection_dir_client_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
       case 400:
         log_warn(LD_REND,"http status 400 (%s) response from dirserver "
                  "'%s:%d'. Malformed rendezvous descriptor?",
-                 escaped(reason), conn->_base.address, conn->_base.port);
+                 escaped(reason), conn->base_.address, conn->base_.port);
         break;
       default:
         log_warn(LD_REND,"http status %d (%s) response unexpected (server "
                  "'%s:%d').",
-                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->_base.address,
-                 conn->_base.port);
+                 status_code, escaped(reason), conn->base_.address,
+                 conn->base_.port);
         break;
     }
   }
-  note_client_request(conn->_base.purpose, was_compressed, orig_len);
+  note_client_request(conn->base_.purpose, was_compressed, orig_len);
   tor_free(body); tor_free(headers); tor_free(reason);
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2255,9 +2347,9 @@ int
 connection_dir_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
 {
   int retval;
-  if (conn->_base.state != DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_READING) {
+  if (conn->base_.state != DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_READING) {
     log_info(LD_HTTP,"conn reached eof, not reading. [state=%d] Closing.",
-             conn->_base.state);
+             conn->base_.state);
     connection_close_immediate(TO_CONN(conn)); /* error: give up on flushing */
     connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
     return -1;
@@ -2265,7 +2357,7 @@ connection_dir_reached_eof(dir_connection_t *conn)
 
   retval = connection_dir_client_reached_eof(conn);
   if (retval == 0) /* success */
-    conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_FINISHED;
+    conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_FINISHED;
   connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
   return retval;
 }
@@ -2283,7 +2375,7 @@ int
 connection_dir_process_inbuf(dir_connection_t *conn)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
 
   /* Directory clients write, then read data until they receive EOF;
    * directory servers read data until they get an HTTP command, then
@@ -2292,7 +2384,7 @@ connection_dir_process_inbuf(dir_connection_t *conn)
    */
 
   /* If we're on the dirserver side, look for a command. */
-  if (conn->_base.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_COMMAND_WAIT) {
+  if (conn->base_.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_COMMAND_WAIT) {
     if (directory_handle_command(conn) < 0) {
       connection_mark_for_close(TO_CONN(conn));
       return -1;
@@ -2307,7 +2399,7 @@ connection_dir_process_inbuf(dir_connection_t *conn)
     return -1;
   }
 
-  if (!conn->_base.inbuf_reached_eof)
+  if (!conn->base_.inbuf_reached_eof)
     log_debug(LD_HTTP,"Got data, not eof. Leaving on inbuf.");
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2380,12 +2472,12 @@ write_http_response_header_impl(dir_connection_t *conn, ssize_t length,
     tor_snprintf(cp, sizeof(tmp)-(cp-tmp), "Content-Type: %s\r\n", type);
     cp += strlen(cp);
   }
-  if (!is_local_addr(&conn->_base.addr)) {
+  if (!is_local_addr(&conn->base_.addr)) {
     /* Don't report the source address for a nearby/private connection.
      * Otherwise we tend to mis-report in cases where incoming ports are
      * being forwarded to a Tor server running behind the firewall. */
     tor_snprintf(cp, sizeof(tmp)-(cp-tmp),
-                 X_ADDRESS_HEADER "%s\r\n", conn->_base.address);
+                 X_ADDRESS_HEADER "%s\r\n", conn->base_.address);
     cp += strlen(cp);
   }
   if (encoding) {
@@ -2637,7 +2729,7 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
 
   log_debug(LD_DIRSERV,"Received GET command.");
 
-  conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING;
+  conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING;
 
   if (parse_http_url(headers, &url) < 0) {
     write_http_status_line(conn, 400, "Bad request");
@@ -2756,12 +2848,23 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     /* v2 or v3 network status fetch. */
     smartlist_t *dir_fps = smartlist_new();
     int is_v3 = !strcmpstart(url, "/tor/status-vote");
-    geoip_client_action_t act =
-        is_v3 ? GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS : GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2;
     const char *request_type = NULL;
     const char *key = url + strlen("/tor/status/");
     long lifetime = NETWORKSTATUS_CACHE_LIFETIME;
 
+    if (options->DisableV2DirectoryInfo_ && !is_v3) {
+      static ratelim_t reject_v2_ratelim = RATELIM_INIT(1800);
+      char *m;
+      write_http_status_line(conn, 404, "Not found");
+      smartlist_free(dir_fps);
+      geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_FOUND);
+      if ((m = rate_limit_log(&reject_v2_ratelim, approx_time()))) {
+        log_notice(LD_DIR, "Rejected a v2 networkstatus request.%s", m);
+        tor_free(m);
+      }
+      goto done;
+    }
+
     if (!is_v3) {
       dirserv_get_networkstatus_v2_fingerprints(dir_fps, key);
       if (!strcmpstart(key, "fp/"))
@@ -2807,7 +2910,7 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
         write_http_status_line(conn, 404, "Consensus not signed by sufficient "
                                           "number of requested authorities");
         smartlist_free(dir_fps);
-        geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_ENOUGH_SIGS);
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_ENOUGH_SIGS);
         tor_free(flavor);
         goto done;
       }
@@ -2826,7 +2929,8 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     if (!smartlist_len(dir_fps)) { /* we failed to create/cache cp */
       write_http_status_line(conn, 503, "Network status object unavailable");
       smartlist_free(dir_fps);
-      geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_REJECT_UNAVAILABLE);
+      if (is_v3)
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_UNAVAILABLE);
       goto done;
     }
 
@@ -2834,13 +2938,15 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
       write_http_status_line(conn, 404, "Not found");
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dir_fps, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
       smartlist_free(dir_fps);
-      geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_FOUND);
+      if (is_v3)
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_FOUND);
       goto done;
     } else if (!smartlist_len(dir_fps)) {
       write_http_status_line(conn, 304, "Not modified");
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dir_fps, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
       smartlist_free(dir_fps);
-      geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_MODIFIED);
+      if (is_v3)
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_MODIFIED);
       goto done;
     }
 
@@ -2852,24 +2958,24 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
       write_http_status_line(conn, 503, "Directory busy, try again later");
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dir_fps, char *, fp, tor_free(fp));
       smartlist_free(dir_fps);
-      geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_REJECT_BUSY);
+      if (is_v3)
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_REJECT_BUSY);
       goto done;
     }
 
-    {
+    if (is_v3) {
       struct in_addr in;
       tor_addr_t addr;
       if (tor_inet_aton((TO_CONN(conn))->address, &in)) {
         tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, ntohl(in.s_addr));
-        geoip_note_client_seen(act, &addr, time(NULL));
-        geoip_note_ns_response(act, GEOIP_SUCCESS);
+        geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &addr, time(NULL));
+        geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_SUCCESS);
         /* Note that a request for a network status has started, so that we
          * can measure the download time later on. */
-        if (TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id)
-          geoip_start_dirreq(TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id, dlen, act,
-                             DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
+        if (conn->dirreq_id)
+          geoip_start_dirreq(conn->dirreq_id, dlen, DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
         else
-          geoip_start_dirreq(TO_CONN(conn)->global_identifier, dlen, act,
+          geoip_start_dirreq(TO_CONN(conn)->global_identifier, dlen,
                              DIRREQ_DIRECT);
       }
     }
@@ -3231,7 +3337,7 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
   }
 
   if (options->BridgeAuthoritativeDir &&
-      options->_BridgePassword_AuthDigest &&
+      options->BridgePassword_AuthDigest_ &&
       connection_dir_is_encrypted(conn) &&
       !strcmp(url,"/tor/networkstatus-bridges")) {
     char *status;
@@ -3244,7 +3350,7 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     /* now make sure the password is there and right */
     if (!header ||
         tor_memneq(digest,
-                   options->_BridgePassword_AuthDigest, DIGEST256_LEN)) {
+                   options->BridgePassword_AuthDigest_, DIGEST256_LEN)) {
       write_http_status_line(conn, 404, "Not found");
       tor_free(header);
       goto done;
@@ -3300,7 +3406,7 @@ directory_handle_command_get(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
   }while(0);
 
   if (!strcmp(url,"/tor/mallinfo.txt") &&
-      (tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(&conn->_base.addr, 0x7f000001ul))) {
+      (tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(&conn->base_.addr, 0x7f000001ul))) {
     char *result;
     size_t len;
     struct mallinfo mi;
@@ -3355,7 +3461,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
 
   log_debug(LD_DIRSERV,"Received POST command.");
 
-  conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING;
+  conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING;
 
   if (parse_http_url(headers, &url) < 0) {
     write_http_status_line(conn, 400, "Bad request");
@@ -3371,13 +3477,13 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
       case -2:
         log_info(LD_REND, "Rejected v2 rend descriptor (length %d) from %s "
                  "since we're not currently a hidden service directory.",
-                 (int)body_len, conn->_base.address);
+                 (int)body_len, conn->base_.address);
         write_http_status_line(conn, 503, "Currently not acting as v2 "
                                "hidden service directory");
         break;
       case -1:
         log_warn(LD_REND, "Rejected v2 rend descriptor (length %d) from %s.",
-                 (int)body_len, conn->_base.address);
+                 (int)body_len, conn->base_.address);
         write_http_status_line(conn, 400,
                                "Invalid v2 service descriptor rejected");
         break;
@@ -3402,7 +3508,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     uint8_t purpose = authdir_mode_bridge(options) ?
                       ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE : ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL;
     was_router_added_t r = dirserv_add_multiple_descriptors(body, purpose,
-                                             conn->_base.address, &msg);
+                                             conn->base_.address, &msg);
     tor_assert(msg);
     if (WRA_WAS_ADDED(r))
       dirserv_get_directory(); /* rebuild and write to disk */
@@ -3412,7 +3518,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
       log_info(LD_DIRSERV,
                "Problematic router descriptor or extra-info from %s "
                "(\"%s\").",
-               conn->_base.address, msg);
+               conn->base_.address, msg);
       write_http_status_line(conn, 400, msg);
     } else if (r == ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY) {
       write_http_status_line(conn, 200, msg);
@@ -3423,7 +3529,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
       log_info(LD_DIRSERV,
                "Rejected router descriptor or extra-info from %s "
                "(\"%s\").",
-               conn->_base.address, msg);
+               conn->base_.address, msg);
       write_http_status_line(conn, 400, msg);
     }
     goto done;
@@ -3436,7 +3542,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     if (rend_cache_store(body, body_len, 1, NULL) < 0) {
       log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_DIRSERV,
              "Rejected rend descriptor (length %d) from %s.",
-             (int)body_len, conn->_base.address);
+             (int)body_len, conn->base_.address);
       write_http_status_line(conn, 400,
                              "Invalid v0 service descriptor rejected");
     } else {
@@ -3454,7 +3560,7 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
     } else {
       tor_assert(msg);
       log_warn(LD_DIRSERV, "Rejected vote from %s (\"%s\").",
-               conn->_base.address, msg);
+               conn->base_.address, msg);
       write_http_status_line(conn, status, msg);
     }
     goto done;
@@ -3463,11 +3569,11 @@ directory_handle_command_post(dir_connection_t *conn, const char *headers,
   if (authdir_mode_v3(options) &&
       !strcmp(url,"/tor/post/consensus-signature")) { /* sigs on consensus. */
     const char *msg = NULL;
-    if (dirvote_add_signatures(body, conn->_base.address, &msg)>=0) {
+    if (dirvote_add_signatures(body, conn->base_.address, &msg)>=0) {
       write_http_status_line(conn, 200, msg?msg:"Signatures stored");
     } else {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to store signatures posted by %s: %s",
-               conn->_base.address, msg?msg:"???");
+               conn->base_.address, msg?msg:"???");
       write_http_status_line(conn, 400, msg?msg:"Unable to store signatures");
     }
     goto done;
@@ -3494,7 +3600,7 @@ directory_handle_command(dir_connection_t *conn)
   int r;
 
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
 
   switch (connection_fetch_from_buf_http(TO_CONN(conn),
                               &headers, MAX_HEADERS_SIZE,
@@ -3502,7 +3608,7 @@ directory_handle_command(dir_connection_t *conn)
     case -1: /* overflow */
       log_warn(LD_DIRSERV,
                "Request too large from address '%s' to DirPort. Closing.",
-               safe_str(conn->_base.address));
+               safe_str(conn->base_.address));
       return -1;
     case 0:
       log_debug(LD_DIRSERV,"command not all here yet.");
@@ -3536,23 +3642,23 @@ int
 connection_dir_finished_flushing(dir_connection_t *conn)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
 
   /* Note that we have finished writing the directory response. For direct
    * connections this means we're done, for tunneled connections its only
    * an intermediate step. */
-  if (TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id)
-    geoip_change_dirreq_state(TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id, DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
+  if (conn->dirreq_id)
+    geoip_change_dirreq_state(conn->dirreq_id, DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
                               DIRREQ_FLUSHING_DIR_CONN_FINISHED);
   else
     geoip_change_dirreq_state(TO_CONN(conn)->global_identifier,
                               DIRREQ_DIRECT,
                               DIRREQ_FLUSHING_DIR_CONN_FINISHED);
-  switch (conn->_base.state) {
+  switch (conn->base_.state) {
     case DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING:
     case DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING:
       log_debug(LD_DIR,"client finished sending command.");
-      conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_READING;
+      conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_READING;
       return 0;
     case DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING:
       if (conn->dir_spool_src != DIR_SPOOL_NONE) {
@@ -3573,7 +3679,7 @@ connection_dir_finished_flushing(dir_connection_t *conn)
       return 0;
     default:
       log_warn(LD_BUG,"called in unexpected state %d.",
-               conn->_base.state);
+               conn->base_.state);
       tor_fragile_assert();
       return -1;
   }
@@ -3586,13 +3692,13 @@ int
 connection_dir_finished_connecting(dir_connection_t *conn)
 {
   tor_assert(conn);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_DIR);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING);
 
   log_debug(LD_HTTP,"Dir connection to router %s:%u established.",
-            conn->_base.address,conn->_base.port);
+            conn->base_.address,conn->base_.port);
 
-  conn->_base.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING; /* start flushing conn */
+  conn->base_.state = DIR_CONN_STATE_CLIENT_SENDING; /* start flushing conn */
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3606,13 +3712,13 @@ dir_networkstatus_download_failed(smartlist_t *failed, int status_code)
     return;
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(failed, const char *, fp) {
     char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-    trusted_dir_server_t *dir;
+    dir_server_t *dir;
     if (base16_decode(digest, DIGEST_LEN, fp, strlen(fp))<0) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with bad fingerprint in list: %s",
                escaped(fp));
       continue;
     }
-    dir = router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(digest);
+    dir = router_get_fallback_dirserver_by_digest(digest);
 
     if (dir)
       download_status_failed(&dir->v2_ns_dl_status, status_code);
@@ -3829,7 +3935,7 @@ dir_microdesc_download_failed(smartlist_t *failed,
 /** Helper.  Compare two fp_pair_t objects, and return negative, 0, or
  * positive as appropriate. */
 static int
-_compare_pairs(const void **a, const void **b)
+compare_pairs_(const void **a, const void **b)
 {
   const fp_pair_t *fp1 = *a, *fp2 = *b;
   int r;
@@ -3880,8 +3986,8 @@ dir_split_resource_into_fingerprint_pairs(const char *res,
   smartlist_free(pairs_tmp);
 
   /* Uniq-and-sort */
-  smartlist_sort(pairs_result, _compare_pairs);
-  smartlist_uniq(pairs_result, _compare_pairs, _tor_free);
+  smartlist_sort(pairs_result, compare_pairs_);
+  smartlist_uniq(pairs_result, compare_pairs_, tor_free_);
 
   smartlist_add_all(pairs_out, pairs_result);
   smartlist_free(pairs_result);
diff --git a/src/or/directory.h b/src/or/directory.h
index 1ca1c5a6e0..41f18a1725 100644
--- a/src/or/directory.h
+++ b/src/or/directory.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for directory.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_DIRECTORY_H
-#define _TOR_DIRECTORY_H
+#ifndef TOR_DIRECTORY_H
+#define TOR_DIRECTORY_H
 
 int directories_have_accepted_server_descriptor(void);
 void directory_post_to_dirservers(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
@@ -22,10 +22,24 @@ void directory_get_from_dirserver(uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
 void directory_get_from_all_authorities(uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                         uint8_t router_purpose,
                                         const char *resource);
+
+/** Enumeration of ways to connect to a directory server */
+typedef enum {
+  /** Default: connect over a one-hop Tor circuit but fall back to direct
+   * connection */
+  DIRIND_ONEHOP=0,
+  /** Connect over a multi-hop anonymizing Tor circuit */
+  DIRIND_ANONYMOUS=1,
+  /** Conncet to the DirPort directly */
+  DIRIND_DIRECT_CONN,
+  /** Connect over a multi-hop anonymizing Tor circuit to our dirport */
+  DIRIND_ANON_DIRPORT,
+} dir_indirection_t;
+
 void directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(const routerstatus_t *status,
                                              uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                              uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                             int anonymized_connection,
+                                             dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                              const char *resource,
                                              const char *payload,
                                              size_t payload_len,
@@ -33,7 +47,7 @@ void directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(const routerstatus_t *status,
 void directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(const routerstatus_t *status,
                                                   uint8_t dir_purpose,
                                                   uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                                  int anonymized_connection,
+                                                 dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                                   const char *resource,
                                                   const char *payload,
                                                   size_t payload_len,
@@ -51,10 +65,9 @@ int connection_dir_finished_connecting(dir_connection_t *conn);
 void connection_dir_about_to_close(dir_connection_t *dir_conn);
 void directory_initiate_command(const char *address, const tor_addr_t *addr,
                                 uint16_t or_port, uint16_t dir_port,
-                                int supports_conditional_consensus,
-                                int supports_begindir, const char *digest,
+                                const char *digest,
                                 uint8_t dir_purpose, uint8_t router_purpose,
-                                int anonymized_connection,
+                                dir_indirection_t indirection,
                                 const char *resource,
                                 const char *payload, size_t payload_len,
                                 time_t if_modified_since);
diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c
index f1c9c6232d..3e46153a55 100644
--- a/src/or/dirserv.c
+++ b/src/or/dirserv.c
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #define DIRSERV_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
+#include "command.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
 #include "control.h"
@@ -62,6 +66,13 @@ static cached_dir_t *the_directory = NULL;
 /** For authoritative directories: the current (v1) network status. */
 static cached_dir_t the_runningrouters;
 
+/** Total number of routers with measured bandwidth; this is set by
+ * dirserv_count_measured_bws() before the loop in
+ * dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj() and checked by
+ * dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth() and
+ * dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds() */
+static int routers_with_measured_bw = 0;
+
 static void directory_remove_invalid(void);
 static cached_dir_t *dirserv_regenerate_directory(void);
 static char *format_versions_list(config_line_t *ln);
@@ -79,10 +90,10 @@ static const signed_descriptor_t *get_signed_descriptor_by_fp(
                                                         const char *fp,
                                                         int extrainfo,
                                                         time_t publish_cutoff);
-static int dirserv_add_extrainfo(extrainfo_t *ei, const char **msg);
-
-/************** Measured Bandwidth parsing code ******/
-#define MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE (3*24*60*60) /* 3 days */
+static was_router_added_t dirserv_add_extrainfo(extrainfo_t *ei,
+                                                const char **msg);
+static uint32_t dirserv_get_bandwidth_for_router_kb(const routerinfo_t *ri);
+static uint32_t dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(const routerinfo_t *ri);
 
 /************** Fingerprint handling code ************/
 
@@ -388,18 +399,18 @@ dirserv_get_status_impl(const char *id_digest, const char *nickname,
               strmap_size(fingerprint_list->fp_by_name),
               digestmap_size(fingerprint_list->status_by_digest));
 
-  /* Versions before Tor 0.2.1.30 have known security issues that
+  /* Versions before Tor 0.2.2.35 have known security issues that
    * make them unsuitable for the current network. */
-  if (platform && !tor_version_as_new_as(platform,"0.2.1.30")) {
+  if (platform && !tor_version_as_new_as(platform,"0.2.2.35")) {
     if (msg)
-      *msg = "Tor version is insecure. Please upgrade!";
+      *msg = "Tor version is insecure or unsupported. Please upgrade!";
     return FP_REJECT;
-  } else if (platform && tor_version_as_new_as(platform,"0.2.2.1-alpha")) {
-    /* Versions from 0.2.2.1-alpha...0.2.2.20-alpha have known security
+  } else if (platform && tor_version_as_new_as(platform,"0.2.3.0-alpha")) {
+    /* Versions from 0.2.3-alpha...0.2.3.9-alpha have known security
      * issues that make them unusable for the current network */
-    if (!tor_version_as_new_as(platform, "0.2.2.21-alpha")) {
+    if (!tor_version_as_new_as(platform, "0.2.3.10-alpha")) {
       if (msg)
-        *msg = "Tor version is insecure. Please upgrade!";
+        *msg = "Tor version is insecure or unsupported. Please upgrade!";
       return FP_REJECT;
     }
   }
@@ -501,8 +512,8 @@ dirserv_free_fingerprint_list(void)
   if (!fingerprint_list)
     return;
 
-  strmap_free(fingerprint_list->fp_by_name, _tor_free);
-  digestmap_free(fingerprint_list->status_by_digest, _tor_free);
+  strmap_free(fingerprint_list->fp_by_name, tor_free_);
+  digestmap_free(fingerprint_list->status_by_digest, tor_free_);
   tor_free(fingerprint_list);
 }
 
@@ -717,7 +728,7 @@ dirserv_add_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri, const char **msg, const char *source)
                "MAX_DESCRIPTOR_UPLOAD_SIZE (%d) constant is too low.",
                ri->nickname, source, (int)ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len,
                MAX_DESCRIPTOR_UPLOAD_SIZE);
-    *msg = "Router descriptor was too large";
+    *msg = "Router descriptor was too large.";
     control_event_or_authdir_new_descriptor("REJECTED",
                ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body,
                ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len, *msg);
@@ -980,6 +991,7 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now)
     unreachable.
    */
   int answer;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(router->cache_info.identity_digest);
   tor_assert(node);
 
@@ -988,17 +1000,27 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now)
     answer = ! we_are_hibernating();
   } else if (router->is_hibernating &&
              (router->cache_info.published_on +
-              HIBERNATION_PUBLICATION_SKEW) > router->last_reachable) {
+              HIBERNATION_PUBLICATION_SKEW) > node->last_reachable) {
     /* A hibernating router is down unless we (somehow) had contact with it
      * since it declared itself to be hibernating. */
     answer = 0;
-  } else if (get_options()->AssumeReachable) {
+  } else if (options->AssumeReachable) {
     /* If AssumeReachable, everybody is up unless they say they are down! */
     answer = 1;
   } else {
-    /* Otherwise, a router counts as up if we found it reachable in the last
-       REACHABLE_TIMEOUT seconds. */
-    answer = (now < router->last_reachable + REACHABLE_TIMEOUT);
+    /* Otherwise, a router counts as up if we found all announced OR
+       ports reachable in the last REACHABLE_TIMEOUT seconds.
+
+       XXX prop186 For now there's always one IPv4 and at most one
+       IPv6 OR port.
+
+       If we're not on IPv6, don't consider reachability of potential
+       IPv6 OR port since that'd kill all dual stack relays until a
+       majority of the dir auths have IPv6 connectivity. */
+    answer = (now < node->last_reachable + REACHABLE_TIMEOUT &&
+              (options->AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity != 1 ||
+               tor_addr_is_null(&router->ipv6_addr) ||
+               now < node->last_reachable6 + REACHABLE_TIMEOUT));
   }
 
   if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) {
@@ -1008,11 +1030,13 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now)
        REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably
        been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached
        it.
+
+       XXX ipv6
      */
     time_t when = now;
-    if (router->last_reachable &&
-        router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now)
-      when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD;
+    if (node->last_reachable &&
+        node->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now)
+      when = node->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD;
     rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when);
   }
 
@@ -1117,6 +1141,8 @@ int
 dirserv_dump_directory_to_string(char **dir_out,
                                  crypto_pk_t *private_key)
 {
+  /* XXXX 024 Get rid of this function if we can confirm that nobody's
+   * fetching these any longer */
   char *cp;
   char *identity_pkey; /* Identity key, DER64-encoded. */
   char *recommended_versions;
@@ -1399,7 +1425,7 @@ clear_cached_dir(cached_dir_t *d)
 
 /** Free all storage held by the cached_dir_t in <b>d</b>. */
 static void
-_free_cached_dir(void *_d)
+free_cached_dir_(void *_d)
 {
   cached_dir_t *d;
   if (!_d)
@@ -1417,21 +1443,12 @@ _free_cached_dir(void *_d)
  * If <b>is_running_routers</b>, this is really a v1 running_routers
  * document rather than a v1 directory.
  */
-void
-dirserv_set_cached_directory(const char *directory, time_t published,
-                             int is_running_routers)
+static void
+dirserv_set_cached_directory(const char *directory, time_t published)
 {
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
 
-  if (is_running_routers) {
-    if (published >= now - MAX_V1_RR_AGE)
-      set_cached_dir(&cached_runningrouters, tor_strdup(directory), published);
-  } else {
-    if (published >= now - MAX_V1_DIRECTORY_AGE) {
-      cached_dir_decref(cached_directory);
-      cached_directory = new_cached_dir(tor_strdup(directory), published);
-    }
-  }
+  cached_dir_decref(cached_directory);
+  cached_directory = new_cached_dir(tor_strdup(directory), published);
 }
 
 /** If <b>networkstatus</b> is non-NULL, we've just received a v2
@@ -1448,7 +1465,6 @@ dirserv_set_cached_networkstatus_v2(const char *networkstatus,
                                     time_t published)
 {
   cached_dir_t *d, *old_d;
-  smartlist_t *trusted_dirs;
   if (!cached_v2_networkstatus)
     cached_v2_networkstatus = digestmap_new();
 
@@ -1471,9 +1487,9 @@ dirserv_set_cached_networkstatus_v2(const char *networkstatus,
   }
 
   /* Now purge old entries. */
-  trusted_dirs = router_get_trusted_dir_servers();
+
   if (digestmap_size(cached_v2_networkstatus) >
-      smartlist_len(trusted_dirs) + MAX_UNTRUSTED_NETWORKSTATUSES) {
+      get_n_authorities(V2_DIRINFO) + MAX_UNTRUSTED_NETWORKSTATUSES) {
     /* We need to remove the oldest untrusted networkstatus. */
     const char *oldest = NULL;
     time_t oldest_published = TIME_MAX;
@@ -1613,6 +1629,8 @@ dirserv_get_directory(void)
 static cached_dir_t *
 dirserv_regenerate_directory(void)
 {
+  /* XXXX 024 Get rid of this function if we can confirm that nobody's
+   * fetching these any longer */
   char *new_directory=NULL;
 
   if (dirserv_dump_directory_to_string(&new_directory,
@@ -1632,7 +1650,7 @@ dirserv_regenerate_directory(void)
 
   /* Save the directory to disk so we re-load it quickly on startup.
    */
-  dirserv_set_cached_directory(the_directory->dir, time(NULL), 0);
+  dirserv_set_cached_directory(the_directory->dir, time(NULL));
 
   return the_directory;
 }
@@ -1758,17 +1776,13 @@ static double guard_wfu = 0.0;
  * many seconds. */
 static long guard_tk = 0;
 /** Any router with a bandwidth at least this high is "Fast" */
-static uint32_t fast_bandwidth = 0;
+static uint32_t fast_bandwidth_kb = 0;
 /** If exits can be guards, then all guards must have a bandwidth this
  * high. */
-static uint32_t guard_bandwidth_including_exits = 0;
+static uint32_t guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb = 0;
 /** If exits can't be guards, then all guards must have a bandwidth this
  * high. */
-static uint32_t guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits = 0;
-/** Total bandwidth of all the routers we're considering. */
-static uint64_t total_bandwidth = 0;
-/** Total bandwidth of all the exit routers we're considering. */
-static uint64_t total_exit_bandwidth = 0;
+static uint32_t guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb = 0;
 
 /** Helper: estimate the uptime of a router given its stated uptime and the
  * amount of time since it last stated its stated uptime. */
@@ -1812,8 +1826,8 @@ dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(time_t now,
     }
   }
   if (need_capacity) {
-    uint32_t bw = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(router);
-    if (bw < fast_bandwidth)
+    uint32_t bw_kb = dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(router);
+    if (bw_kb < fast_bandwidth_kb)
       return 1;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -1859,34 +1873,67 @@ dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(const routerinfo_t *router,
           node->is_running);
 }
 
+/** Don't consider routers with less bandwidth than this when computing
+ * thresholds. */
+#define ABSOLUTE_MIN_BW_VALUE_TO_CONSIDER_KB 4
+
+/** Helper for dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(): Decide whether to
+ * include a router in our calculations, and return true iff we should; the
+ * require_mbw parameter is passed in by
+ * dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds() and controls whether we ever
+ * count routers with only advertised bandwidths */
+static int
+router_counts_toward_thresholds(const node_t *node, time_t now,
+                                const digestmap_t *omit_as_sybil,
+                                int require_mbw)
+{
+  /* Have measured bw? */
+  int have_mbw =
+    dirserv_has_measured_bw(node->identity);
+  uint64_t min_bw_kb = ABSOLUTE_MIN_BW_VALUE_TO_CONSIDER_KB;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  if (options->TestingTorNetwork) {
+    min_bw_kb = (int64_t)options->TestingMinExitFlagThreshold / 1000;
+  }
+
+  return node->ri && router_is_active(node->ri, node, now) &&
+    !digestmap_get(omit_as_sybil, node->identity) &&
+    (dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(node->ri) >= min_bw_kb) &&
+    (have_mbw || !require_mbw);
+}
+
 /** Look through the routerlist, the Mean Time Between Failure history, and
  * the Weighted Fractional Uptime history, and use them to set thresholds for
  * the Stable, Fast, and Guard flags.  Update the fields stable_uptime,
  * stable_mtbf, enough_mtbf_info, guard_wfu, guard_tk, fast_bandwidth,
  * guard_bandwidh_including_exits, guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits,
- * total_bandwidth, and total_exit_bandwidth.
  *
  * Also, set the is_exit flag of each router appropriately. */
 static void
-dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
+dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl,
+                                       digestmap_t *omit_as_sybil)
 {
   int n_active, n_active_nonexit, n_familiar;
-  uint32_t *uptimes, *bandwidths, *bandwidths_excluding_exits;
+  uint32_t *uptimes, *bandwidths_kb, *bandwidths_excluding_exits_kb;
   long *tks;
   double *mtbfs, *wfus;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
+  /* Require mbw? */
+  int require_mbw =
+    (routers_with_measured_bw >
+     options->MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised) ? 1 : 0;
+
   /* initialize these all here, in case there are no routers */
   stable_uptime = 0;
   stable_mtbf = 0;
-  fast_bandwidth = 0;
-  guard_bandwidth_including_exits = 0;
-  guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits = 0;
+  fast_bandwidth_kb = 0;
+  guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb = 0;
+  guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb = 0;
   guard_tk = 0;
   guard_wfu = 0;
-  total_bandwidth = 0;
-  total_exit_bandwidth = 0;
 
   /* Initialize arrays that will hold values for each router.  We'll
    * sort them and use that to compute thresholds. */
@@ -1894,9 +1941,9 @@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
   /* Uptime for every active router. */
   uptimes = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*smartlist_len(rl->routers));
   /* Bandwidth for every active router. */
-  bandwidths = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*smartlist_len(rl->routers));
+  bandwidths_kb = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*smartlist_len(rl->routers));
   /* Bandwidth for every active non-exit router. */
-  bandwidths_excluding_exits =
+  bandwidths_excluding_exits_kb =
     tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*smartlist_len(rl->routers));
   /* Weighted mean time between failure for each active router. */
   mtbfs = tor_malloc(sizeof(double)*smartlist_len(rl->routers));
@@ -1909,21 +1956,19 @@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
 
   /* Now, fill in the arrays. */
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), node_t *, node) {
-    routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
-    if (ri && router_is_active(ri, node, now)) {
-      const char *id = ri->cache_info.identity_digest;
-      uint32_t bw;
+    if (router_counts_toward_thresholds(node, now, omit_as_sybil,
+                                        require_mbw)) {
+      routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
+      const char *id = node->identity;
+      uint32_t bw_kb;
       node->is_exit = (!router_exit_policy_rejects_all(ri) &&
                        exit_policy_is_general_exit(ri->exit_policy));
       uptimes[n_active] = (uint32_t)real_uptime(ri, now);
       mtbfs[n_active] = rep_hist_get_stability(id, now);
       tks  [n_active] = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(id, now);
-      bandwidths[n_active] = bw = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri);
-      total_bandwidth += bw;
-      if (node->is_exit && !node->is_bad_exit) {
-        total_exit_bandwidth += bw;
-      } else {
-        bandwidths_excluding_exits[n_active_nonexit] = bw;
+      bandwidths_kb[n_active] = bw_kb = dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(ri);
+      if (!node->is_exit || node->is_bad_exit) {
+        bandwidths_excluding_exits_kb[n_active_nonexit] = bw_kb;
         ++n_active_nonexit;
       }
       ++n_active;
@@ -1937,11 +1982,11 @@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
     /* The median mtbf is stable, if we have enough mtbf info */
     stable_mtbf = median_double(mtbfs, n_active);
     /* The 12.5th percentile bandwidth is fast. */
-    fast_bandwidth = find_nth_uint32(bandwidths, n_active, n_active/8);
+    fast_bandwidth_kb = find_nth_uint32(bandwidths_kb, n_active, n_active/8);
     /* (Now bandwidths is sorted.) */
-    if (fast_bandwidth < ROUTER_REQUIRED_MIN_BANDWIDTH/2)
-      fast_bandwidth = bandwidths[n_active/4];
-    guard_bandwidth_including_exits = bandwidths[(n_active-1)/2];
+    if (fast_bandwidth_kb < ROUTER_REQUIRED_MIN_BANDWIDTH/(2 * 1000))
+      fast_bandwidth_kb = bandwidths_kb[n_active/4];
+    guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb = bandwidths_kb[(n_active-1)/2];
     guard_tk = find_nth_long(tks, n_active, n_active/8);
   }
 
@@ -1950,29 +1995,39 @@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
 
   {
     /* We can vote on a parameter for the minimum and maximum. */
-    int32_t min_fast, max_fast;
+#define ABSOLUTE_MIN_VALUE_FOR_FAST_FLAG 4
+    int32_t min_fast_kb, max_fast_kb, min_fast, max_fast;
     min_fast = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "FastFlagMinThreshold",
-                                       0, 0, INT32_MAX);
+      ABSOLUTE_MIN_VALUE_FOR_FAST_FLAG,
+      ABSOLUTE_MIN_VALUE_FOR_FAST_FLAG,
+      INT32_MAX);
+    if (options->TestingTorNetwork) {
+      min_fast = (int32_t)options->TestingMinFastFlagThreshold;
+    }
     max_fast = networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "FastFlagMaxThreshold",
                                        INT32_MAX, min_fast, INT32_MAX);
-    if (fast_bandwidth < (uint32_t)min_fast)
-      fast_bandwidth = min_fast;
-    if (fast_bandwidth > (uint32_t)max_fast)
-      fast_bandwidth = max_fast;
+    min_fast_kb = min_fast / 1000;
+    max_fast_kb = max_fast / 1000;
+
+    if (fast_bandwidth_kb < (uint32_t)min_fast_kb)
+      fast_bandwidth_kb = min_fast_kb;
+    if (fast_bandwidth_kb > (uint32_t)max_fast_kb)
+      fast_bandwidth_kb = max_fast_kb;
   }
   /* Protect sufficiently fast nodes from being pushed out of the set
    * of Fast nodes. */
   if (options->AuthDirFastGuarantee &&
-      fast_bandwidth > options->AuthDirFastGuarantee)
-    fast_bandwidth = (uint32_t)options->AuthDirFastGuarantee;
+      fast_bandwidth_kb > options->AuthDirFastGuarantee/1000)
+    fast_bandwidth_kb = (uint32_t)options->AuthDirFastGuarantee/1000;
 
   /* Now that we have a time-known that 7/8 routers are known longer than,
    * fill wfus with the wfu of every such "familiar" router. */
   n_familiar = 0;
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), node_t *, node) {
-      routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
-      if (ri && router_is_active(ri, node, now)) {
+      if (router_counts_toward_thresholds(node, now,
+                                          omit_as_sybil, require_mbw)) {
+        routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
         const char *id = ri->cache_info.identity_digest;
         long tk = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(id, now);
         if (tk < guard_tk)
@@ -1988,32 +2043,259 @@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(routerlist_t *rl)
   enough_mtbf_info = rep_hist_have_measured_enough_stability();
 
   if (n_active_nonexit) {
-    guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits =
-      median_uint32(bandwidths_excluding_exits, n_active_nonexit);
+    guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb =
+      median_uint32(bandwidths_excluding_exits_kb, n_active_nonexit);
   }
 
-  log(LOG_INFO, LD_DIRSERV,
+  log_info(LD_DIRSERV,
       "Cutoffs: For Stable, %lu sec uptime, %lu sec MTBF. "
-      "For Fast: %lu bytes/sec. "
+      "For Fast: %lu kilobytes/sec. "
       "For Guard: WFU %.03f%%, time-known %lu sec, "
-      "and bandwidth %lu or %lu bytes/sec. We%s have enough stability data.",
+      "and bandwidth %lu or %lu kilobytes/sec. "
+      "We%s have enough stability data.",
       (unsigned long)stable_uptime,
       (unsigned long)stable_mtbf,
-      (unsigned long)fast_bandwidth,
+      (unsigned long)fast_bandwidth_kb,
       guard_wfu*100,
       (unsigned long)guard_tk,
-      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_including_exits,
-      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits,
+      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb,
+      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb,
       enough_mtbf_info ? "" : " don't ");
 
   tor_free(uptimes);
   tor_free(mtbfs);
-  tor_free(bandwidths);
-  tor_free(bandwidths_excluding_exits);
+  tor_free(bandwidths_kb);
+  tor_free(bandwidths_excluding_exits_kb);
   tor_free(tks);
   tor_free(wfus);
 }
 
+/** Measured bandwidth cache entry */
+typedef struct mbw_cache_entry_s {
+  long mbw_kb;
+  time_t as_of;
+} mbw_cache_entry_t;
+
+/** Measured bandwidth cache - keys are identity_digests, values are
+ * mbw_cache_entry_t *. */
+static digestmap_t *mbw_cache = NULL;
+
+/** Store a measured bandwidth cache entry when reading the measured
+ * bandwidths file. */
+void
+dirserv_cache_measured_bw(const measured_bw_line_t *parsed_line,
+                          time_t as_of)
+{
+  mbw_cache_entry_t *e = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(parsed_line);
+
+  /* Allocate a cache if we need */
+  if (!mbw_cache) mbw_cache = digestmap_new();
+
+  /* Check if we have an existing entry */
+  e = digestmap_get(mbw_cache, parsed_line->node_id);
+  /* If we do, we can re-use it */
+  if (e) {
+    /* Check that we really are newer, and update */
+    if (as_of > e->as_of) {
+      e->mbw_kb = parsed_line->bw_kb;
+      e->as_of = as_of;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* We'll have to insert a new entry */
+    e = tor_malloc(sizeof(*e));
+    e->mbw_kb = parsed_line->bw_kb;
+    e->as_of = as_of;
+    digestmap_set(mbw_cache, parsed_line->node_id, e);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Clear and free the measured bandwidth cache */
+void
+dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache(void)
+{
+  if (mbw_cache) {
+    /* Free the map and all entries */
+    digestmap_free(mbw_cache, tor_free_);
+    mbw_cache = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Scan the measured bandwidth cache and remove expired entries */
+void
+dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(time_t now)
+{
+
+  if (mbw_cache) {
+    /* Iterate through the cache and check each entry */
+    DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(mbw_cache, k, mbw_cache_entry_t *, e) {
+      if (now > e->as_of + MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE) {
+        tor_free(e);
+        MAP_DEL_CURRENT(k);
+      }
+    } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
+
+    /* Check if we cleared the whole thing and free if so */
+    if (digestmap_size(mbw_cache) == 0) {
+      digestmap_free(mbw_cache, tor_free_);
+      mbw_cache = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Get the current size of the measured bandwidth cache */
+int
+dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(void)
+{
+  if (mbw_cache) return digestmap_size(mbw_cache);
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+/** Query the cache by identity digest, return value indicates whether
+ * we found it. The bw_out and as_of_out pointers receive the cached
+ * bandwidth value and the time it was cached if not NULL. */
+int
+dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(const char *node_id, long *bw_kb_out,
+                                   time_t *as_of_out)
+{
+  mbw_cache_entry_t *v = NULL;
+  int rv = 0;
+
+  if (mbw_cache && node_id) {
+    v = digestmap_get(mbw_cache, node_id);
+    if (v) {
+      /* Found something */
+      rv = 1;
+      if (bw_kb_out) *bw_kb_out = v->mbw_kb;
+      if (as_of_out) *as_of_out = v->as_of;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/** Predicate wrapper for dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache() */
+int
+dirserv_has_measured_bw(const char *node_id)
+{
+  return dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(node_id, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/** Get the best estimate of a router's bandwidth for dirauth purposes,
+ * preferring measured to advertised values if available. */
+
+static uint32_t
+dirserv_get_bandwidth_for_router_kb(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+{
+  uint32_t bw_kb = 0;
+  /*
+   * Yeah, measured bandwidths in measured_bw_line_t are (implicitly
+   * signed) longs and the ones router_get_advertised_bandwidth() returns
+   * are uint32_t.
+   */
+  long mbw_kb = 0;
+
+  if (ri) {
+    /*
+   * * First try to see if we have a measured bandwidth; don't bother with
+     * as_of_out here, on the theory that a stale measured bandwidth is still
+     * better to trust than an advertised one.
+     */
+    if (dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                        &mbw_kb, NULL)) {
+      /* Got one! */
+      bw_kb = (uint32_t)mbw_kb;
+    } else {
+      /* If not, fall back to advertised */
+      bw_kb = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri) / 1000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return bw_kb;
+}
+
+/** Look through the routerlist, and using the measured bandwidth cache count
+ * how many measured bandwidths we know.  This is used to decide whether we
+ * ever trust advertised bandwidths for purposes of assigning flags. */
+static void
+dirserv_count_measured_bws(routerlist_t *rl)
+{
+  /* Initialize this first */
+  routers_with_measured_bw = 0;
+
+  tor_assert(rl);
+  tor_assert(rl->routers);
+
+  /* Iterate over the routerlist and count measured bandwidths */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri) {
+    /* Check if we know a measured bandwidth for this one */
+    if (dirserv_has_measured_bw(ri->cache_info.identity_digest)) {
+      ++routers_with_measured_bw;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ri);
+}
+
+/** Return the bandwidth we believe for assigning flags; prefer measured
+ * over advertised, and if we have above a threshold quantity of measured
+ * bandwidths, we don't want to ever give flags to unmeasured routers, so
+ * return 0. */
+static uint32_t
+dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+{
+  int threshold;
+  uint32_t bw_kb = 0;
+  long mbw_kb;
+
+  tor_assert(ri);
+  /* Check if we have a measured bandwidth, and check the threshold if not */
+  if (!(dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                       &mbw_kb, NULL))) {
+    threshold = get_options()->MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised;
+    if (routers_with_measured_bw > threshold) {
+      /* Return zero for unmeasured bandwidth if we are above threshold */
+      bw_kb = 0;
+    } else {
+      /* Return an advertised bandwidth otherwise */
+      bw_kb = router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(ri) / 1000;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* We have the measured bandwidth in mbw */
+    bw_kb = (uint32_t)mbw_kb;
+  }
+
+  return bw_kb;
+}
+
+/** Give a statement of our current performance thresholds for inclusion
+ * in a vote document. */
+char *
+dirserv_get_flag_thresholds_line(void)
+{
+  char *result=NULL;
+  const int measured_threshold =
+    get_options()->MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised;
+  const int enough_measured_bw = routers_with_measured_bw > measured_threshold;
+
+  tor_asprintf(&result,
+      "stable-uptime=%lu stable-mtbf=%lu "
+      "fast-speed=%lu "
+      "guard-wfu=%.03f%% guard-tk=%lu "
+      "guard-bw-inc-exits=%lu guard-bw-exc-exits=%lu "
+      "enough-mtbf=%d ignoring-advertised-bws=%d",
+      (unsigned long)stable_uptime,
+      (unsigned long)stable_mtbf,
+      (unsigned long)fast_bandwidth_kb*1000,
+      guard_wfu*100,
+      (unsigned long)guard_tk,
+      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb*1000,
+      (unsigned long)guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb*1000,
+      enough_mtbf_info ? 1 : 0,
+      enough_measured_bw ? 1 : 0);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
 /** Given a platform string as in a routerinfo_t (possibly null), return a
  * newly allocated version string for a networkstatus document, or NULL if the
  * platform doesn't give a Tor version. */
@@ -2034,38 +2316,39 @@ version_from_platform(const char *platform)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Helper: write the router-status information in <b>rs</b> into <b>buf</b>,
- * which has at least <b>buf_len</b> free characters.  Do NUL-termination.
- * Use the same format as in network-status documents.  If <b>version</b> is
- * non-NULL, add a "v" line for the platform.  Return 0 on success, -1 on
- * failure.
+/** Helper: write the router-status information in <b>rs</b> into a newly
+ * allocated character buffer.  Use the same format as in network-status
+ * documents.  If <b>version</b> is non-NULL, add a "v" line for the platform.
+ * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  *
- * The format argument has three possible values:
+ * The format argument has one of the following values:
  *   NS_V2 - Output an entry suitable for a V2 NS opinion document
  *   NS_V3_CONSENSUS - Output the first portion of a V3 NS consensus entry
  *   NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC - Output the first portion of a V3 microdesc
  *        consensus entry.
- *   NS_V3_VOTE - Output a complete V3 NS vote
+ *   NS_V3_VOTE - Output a complete V3 NS vote. If <b>vrs</b> is present,
+ *        it contains additional information for the vote.
  *   NS_CONTROL_PORT - Output a NS document for the control port
  */
-int
-routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
-                          const routerstatus_t *rs, const char *version,
-                          routerstatus_format_type_t format)
+char *
+routerstatus_format_entry(const routerstatus_t *rs, const char *version,
+                          routerstatus_format_type_t format,
+                          const vote_routerstatus_t *vrs)
 {
-  int r;
-  char *cp;
   char *summary;
+  char *result = NULL;
 
   char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
   char identity64[BASE64_DIGEST_LEN+1];
   char digest64[BASE64_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+  smartlist_t *chunks = NULL;
 
   format_iso_time(published, rs->published_on);
   digest_to_base64(identity64, rs->identity_digest);
   digest_to_base64(digest64, rs->descriptor_digest);
 
-  r = tor_snprintf(buf, buf_len,
+  chunks = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
                    "r %s %s %s%s%s %s %d %d\n",
                    rs->nickname,
                    identity64,
@@ -2075,21 +2358,26 @@ routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
                    fmt_addr32(rs->addr),
                    (int)rs->or_port,
                    (int)rs->dir_port);
-  if (r<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough space in buffer.");
-    return -1;
-  }
 
   /* TODO: Maybe we want to pass in what we need to build the rest of
    * this here, instead of in the caller. Then we could use the
    * networkstatus_type_t values, with an additional control port value
    * added -MP */
-  if (format == NS_V3_CONSENSUS || format == NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC)
-    return 0;
 
-  cp = buf + strlen(buf);
-  /* NOTE: Whenever this list expands, be sure to increase MAX_FLAG_LINE_LEN*/
-  r = tor_snprintf(cp, buf_len - (cp-buf),
+  /* V3 microdesc consensuses don't have "a" lines. */
+  if (format == NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC)
+    goto done;
+
+  /* Possible "a" line. At most one for now. */
+  if (!tor_addr_is_null(&rs->ipv6_addr)) {
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "a %s\n",
+                           fmt_addrport(&rs->ipv6_addr, rs->ipv6_orport));
+  }
+
+  if (format == NS_V3_CONSENSUS)
+    goto done;
+
+  smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
                    "s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
                   /* These must stay in alphabetical order. */
                    rs->is_authority?" Authority":"",
@@ -2105,25 +2393,16 @@ routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
                    rs->is_unnamed?" Unnamed":"",
                    rs->is_v2_dir?" V2Dir":"",
                    rs->is_valid?" Valid":"");
-  if (r<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough space in buffer.");
-    return -1;
-  }
-  cp += strlen(cp);
 
   /* length of "opt v \n" */
 #define V_LINE_OVERHEAD 7
   if (version && strlen(version) < MAX_V_LINE_LEN - V_LINE_OVERHEAD) {
-    if (tor_snprintf(cp, buf_len - (cp-buf), "opt v %s\n", version)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to print router version.");
-      return -1;
-    }
-    cp += strlen(cp);
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "v %s\n", version);
   }
 
   if (format != NS_V2) {
     const routerinfo_t* desc = router_get_by_id_digest(rs->identity_digest);
-    uint32_t bw;
+    uint32_t bw_kb;
 
     if (format != NS_CONTROL_PORT) {
       /* Blow up more or less nicely if we didn't get anything or not the
@@ -2138,12 +2417,13 @@ routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
         log_warn(LD_BUG, "Cannot get any descriptor for %s "
             "(wanted descriptor %s).",
             id, dd);
-        return -1;
-      };
+        goto err;
+      }
 
-      /* This assert can fire for the control port, because
+      /* This assert could fire for the control port, because
        * it can request NS documents before all descriptors
-       * have been fetched. */
+       * have been fetched. Therefore, we only do this test when
+       * format != NS_CONTROL_PORT. */
       if (tor_memneq(desc->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
             rs->descriptor_digest,
             DIGEST_LEN)) {
@@ -2163,48 +2443,41 @@ routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
         tor_assert(tor_memeq(desc->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
               rs->descriptor_digest,
               DIGEST_LEN));
-      };
+      }
     }
 
     if (format == NS_CONTROL_PORT && rs->has_bandwidth) {
-      bw = rs->bandwidth;
+      bw_kb = rs->bandwidth_kb;
     } else {
       tor_assert(desc);
-      bw = router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(desc) / 1000;
+      bw_kb = router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(desc) / 1000;
     }
-    r = tor_snprintf(cp, buf_len - (cp-buf),
-                     "w Bandwidth=%d\n", bw);
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
+                     "w Bandwidth=%d", bw_kb);
 
-    if (r<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough space in buffer.");
-      return -1;
-    }
-    cp += strlen(cp);
-    if (format == NS_V3_VOTE && rs->has_measured_bw) {
-      *--cp = '\0'; /* Kill "\n" */
-      r = tor_snprintf(cp, buf_len - (cp-buf),
-                       " Measured=%d\n", rs->measured_bw);
-      if (r<0) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough space in buffer for weight line.");
-        return -1;
-      }
-      cp += strlen(cp);
+    if (format == NS_V3_VOTE && vrs && vrs->has_measured_bw) {
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
+                       " Measured=%d", vrs->measured_bw_kb);
     }
+    smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("\n"));
 
     if (desc) {
-      summary = policy_summarize(desc->exit_policy);
-      r = tor_snprintf(cp, buf_len - (cp-buf), "p %s\n", summary);
-      if (r<0) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough space in buffer.");
-        tor_free(summary);
-        return -1;
-      }
-      cp += strlen(cp);
+      summary = policy_summarize(desc->exit_policy, AF_INET);
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "p %s\n", summary);
       tor_free(summary);
     }
   }
 
-  return 0;
+ done:
+  result = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
+
+ err:
+  if (chunks) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+    smartlist_free(chunks);
+  }
+
+  return result;
 }
 
 /** Helper for sorting: compares two routerinfos first by address, and then by
@@ -2213,11 +2486,11 @@ routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
  * and a router with more bandwidth is more useful than one with less.)
  **/
 static int
-_compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw(const void **a, const void **b)
+compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw_(const void **a, const void **b)
 {
   routerinfo_t *first = *(routerinfo_t **)a, *second = *(routerinfo_t **)b;
   int first_is_auth, second_is_auth;
-  uint32_t bw_first, bw_second;
+  uint32_t bw_kb_first, bw_kb_second;
   const node_t *node_first, *node_second;
   int first_is_running, second_is_running;
 
@@ -2228,7 +2501,7 @@ _compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw(const void **a, const void **b)
   else if (first->addr > second->addr)
     return 1;
 
-  /* Potentially, this next bit could cause k n lg n memcmp calls.  But in
+  /* Potentially, this next bit could cause k n lg n memeq calls.  But in
    * reality, we will almost never get here, since addresses will usually be
    * different. */
 
@@ -2252,12 +2525,12 @@ _compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw(const void **a, const void **b)
   else if (!first_is_running && second_is_running)
     return 1;
 
-  bw_first = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(first);
-  bw_second = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(second);
+  bw_kb_first = dirserv_get_bandwidth_for_router_kb(first);
+  bw_kb_second = dirserv_get_bandwidth_for_router_kb(second);
 
-  if (bw_first > bw_second)
+  if (bw_kb_first > bw_kb_second)
      return -1;
-  else if (bw_first < bw_second)
+  else if (bw_kb_first < bw_kb_second)
     return 1;
 
   /* They're equal! Compare by identity digest, so there's a
@@ -2288,7 +2561,7 @@ get_possible_sybil_list(const smartlist_t *routers)
     max_with_same_addr_on_authority = INT_MAX;
 
   smartlist_add_all(routers_by_ip, routers);
-  smartlist_sort(routers_by_ip, _compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw);
+  smartlist_sort(routers_by_ip, compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw_);
   omit_as_sybil = digestmap_new();
 
   last_addr = 0;
@@ -2393,9 +2666,7 @@ set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(routerstatus_t *rs,
                                  int listbaddirs, int vote_on_hsdirs)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  int unstable_version =
-    !tor_version_as_new_as(ri->platform,"0.1.1.16-rc-cvs");
-  uint32_t routerbw = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri);
+  uint32_t routerbw_kb = dirserv_get_credible_bandwidth_kb(ri);
 
   memset(rs, 0, sizeof(routerstatus_t));
 
@@ -2406,8 +2677,7 @@ set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(routerstatus_t *rs,
   rs->is_exit = node->is_exit;
   rs->is_stable = node->is_stable =
     router_is_active(ri, node, now) &&
-    !dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(now, ri, 1, 0) &&
-    !unstable_version;
+    !dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(now, ri, 1, 0);
   rs->is_fast = node->is_fast =
     router_is_active(ri, node, now) &&
     !dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(now, ri, 0, 1);
@@ -2423,9 +2693,9 @@ set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(routerstatus_t *rs,
 
   if (node->is_fast &&
       ((options->AuthDirGuardBWGuarantee &&
-        routerbw >= options->AuthDirGuardBWGuarantee) ||
-       routerbw >= MIN(guard_bandwidth_including_exits,
-                       guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits)) &&
+        routerbw_kb >= options->AuthDirGuardBWGuarantee/1000) ||
+       routerbw_kb >= MIN(guard_bandwidth_including_exits_kb,
+                       guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits_kb)) &&
       is_router_version_good_for_possible_guard(ri->platform)) {
     long tk = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(
                                       node->identity, now);
@@ -2453,6 +2723,14 @@ set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(routerstatus_t *rs,
   strlcpy(rs->nickname, ri->nickname, sizeof(rs->nickname));
   rs->or_port = ri->or_port;
   rs->dir_port = ri->dir_port;
+  if (options->AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity == 1 &&
+      !tor_addr_is_null(&ri->ipv6_addr) &&
+      node->last_reachable6 >= now - REACHABLE_TIMEOUT) {
+    /* We're configured as having IPv6 connectivity. There's an IPv6
+       OR port and it's reachable so copy it to the routerstatus.  */
+    tor_addr_copy(&rs->ipv6_addr, &ri->ipv6_addr);
+    rs->ipv6_orport = ri->ipv6_orport;
+  }
 }
 
 /** Routerstatus <b>rs</b> is part of a group of routers that are on
@@ -2512,7 +2790,7 @@ measured_bw_line_parse(measured_bw_line_t *out, const char *orig_line)
       }
       cp+=strlen("bw=");
 
-      out->bw = tor_parse_long(cp, 0, 0, LONG_MAX, &parse_ok, &endptr);
+      out->bw_kb = tor_parse_long(cp, 0, 0, LONG_MAX, &parse_ok, &endptr);
       if (!parse_ok || (*endptr && !TOR_ISSPACE(*endptr))) {
         log_warn(LD_DIRSERV, "Invalid bandwidth in bandwidth file line: %s",
                  escaped(orig_line));
@@ -2561,16 +2839,16 @@ int
 measured_bw_line_apply(measured_bw_line_t *parsed_line,
                        smartlist_t *routerstatuses)
 {
-  routerstatus_t *rs = NULL;
+  vote_routerstatus_t *rs = NULL;
   if (!routerstatuses)
     return 0;
 
   rs = smartlist_bsearch(routerstatuses, parsed_line->node_id,
-                         compare_digest_to_routerstatus_entry);
+                         compare_digest_to_vote_routerstatus_entry);
 
   if (rs) {
     rs->has_measured_bw = 1;
-    rs->measured_bw = (uint32_t)parsed_line->bw;
+    rs->measured_bw_kb = (uint32_t)parsed_line->bw_kb;
   } else {
     log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Node ID %s not found in routerstatus list",
              parsed_line->node_hex);
@@ -2581,7 +2859,7 @@ measured_bw_line_apply(measured_bw_line_t *parsed_line,
 
 /**
  * Read the measured bandwidth file and apply it to the list of
- * routerstatuses. Returns -1 on error, 0 otherwise.
+ * vote_routerstatus_t. Returns -1 on error, 0 otherwise.
  */
 int
 dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const char *from_file,
@@ -2590,8 +2868,9 @@ dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const char *from_file,
   char line[256];
   FILE *fp = tor_fopen_cloexec(from_file, "r");
   int applied_lines = 0;
-  time_t file_time;
+  time_t file_time, now;
   int ok;
+
   if (fp == NULL) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Can't open bandwidth file at configured location: %s",
              from_file);
@@ -2615,7 +2894,8 @@ dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const char *from_file,
     return -1;
   }
 
-  if ((time(NULL) - file_time) > MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE) {
+  now = time(NULL);
+  if ((now - file_time) > MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE) {
     log_warn(LD_DIRSERV, "Bandwidth measurement file stale. Age: %u",
              (unsigned)(time(NULL) - file_time));
     fclose(fp);
@@ -2623,18 +2903,23 @@ dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const char *from_file,
   }
 
   if (routerstatuses)
-    smartlist_sort(routerstatuses, compare_routerstatus_entries);
+    smartlist_sort(routerstatuses, compare_vote_routerstatus_entries);
 
   while (!feof(fp)) {
     measured_bw_line_t parsed_line;
     if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) && strlen(line)) {
       if (measured_bw_line_parse(&parsed_line, line) != -1) {
+        /* Also cache the line for dirserv_get_bandwidth_for_router() */
+        dirserv_cache_measured_bw(&parsed_line, file_time);
         if (measured_bw_line_apply(&parsed_line, routerstatuses) > 0)
           applied_lines++;
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /* Now would be a nice time to clean the cache, too */
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(now);
+
   fclose(fp);
   log_info(LD_DIRSERV,
            "Bandwidth measurement file successfully read. "
@@ -2672,11 +2957,11 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
   tor_assert(private_key);
   tor_assert(cert);
 
-  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &addr, &hostname)<0) {
+  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &addr, NULL, &hostname)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't resolve my hostname");
     return NULL;
   }
-  if (!strchr(hostname, '.')) {
+  if (!hostname || !strchr(hostname, '.')) {
     tor_free(hostname);
     hostname = tor_dup_ip(addr);
   }
@@ -2698,19 +2983,44 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
   if (!contact)
     contact = "(none)";
 
+  /*
+   * Do this so dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds() and
+   * set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo() see up-to-date bandwidth info.
+   */
+  if (options->V3BandwidthsFile) {
+    dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(options->V3BandwidthsFile, NULL);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * No bandwidths file; clear the measured bandwidth cache in case we had
+     * one last time around.
+     */
+    if (dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size() > 0) {
+      dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache();
+    }
+  }
+
   /* precompute this part, since we need it to decide what "stable"
    * means. */
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri, {
     dirserv_set_router_is_running(ri, now);
   });
 
-  dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(rl);
-
   routers = smartlist_new();
   smartlist_add_all(routers, rl->routers);
   routers_sort_by_identity(routers);
   omit_as_sybil = get_possible_sybil_list(routers);
 
+  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(omit_as_sybil, sybil_id, void *, ignore) {
+    (void) ignore;
+    rep_hist_make_router_pessimal(sybil_id, now);
+  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
+
+  /* Count how many have measured bandwidths so we know how to assign flags;
+   * this must come before dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds() */
+  dirserv_count_measured_bws(rl);
+
+  dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(rl, omit_as_sybil);
+
   routerstatuses = smartlist_new();
   microdescriptors = smartlist_new();
 
@@ -2718,7 +3028,6 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
     if (ri->cache_info.published_on >= cutoff) {
       routerstatus_t *rs;
       vote_routerstatus_t *vrs;
-      microdesc_t *md;
       node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
       if (!node)
         continue;
@@ -2736,18 +3045,8 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
         rs->is_flagged_running = 0;
 
       vrs->version = version_from_platform(ri->platform);
-      md = dirvote_create_microdescriptor(ri);
-      if (md) {
-        char buf[128];
-        vote_microdesc_hash_t *h;
-        dirvote_format_microdesc_vote_line(buf, sizeof(buf), md);
-        h = tor_malloc(sizeof(vote_microdesc_hash_t));
-        h->microdesc_hash_line = tor_strdup(buf);
-        h->next = NULL;
-        vrs->microdesc = h;
-        md->last_listed = now;
-        smartlist_add(microdescriptors, md);
-      }
+      vrs->microdesc = dirvote_format_all_microdesc_vote_lines(ri, now,
+                                                        microdescriptors);
 
       smartlist_add(routerstatuses, vrs);
     }
@@ -2764,9 +3063,18 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
   smartlist_free(routers);
   digestmap_free(omit_as_sybil, NULL);
 
+  /* This pass through applies the measured bw lines to the routerstatuses */
   if (options->V3BandwidthsFile) {
     dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(options->V3BandwidthsFile,
                                      routerstatuses);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * No bandwidths file; clear the measured bandwidth cache in case we had
+     * one last time around.
+     */
+    if (dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size() > 0) {
+      dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache();
+    }
   }
 
   v3_out = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(networkstatus_t));
@@ -2859,14 +3167,13 @@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
 /** For v2 authoritative directories only: Replace the contents of
  * <b>the_v2_networkstatus</b> with a newly generated network status
  * object.  */
-static cached_dir_t *
+cached_dir_t *
 generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
 {
   cached_dir_t *r = NULL;
-  size_t len, identity_pkey_len;
+  size_t identity_pkey_len;
   char *status = NULL, *client_versions = NULL, *server_versions = NULL,
     *identity_pkey = NULL, *hostname = NULL;
-  char *outp, *endp;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   char fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
   char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
@@ -2885,13 +3192,16 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
   char *version_lines = NULL;
   smartlist_t *routers = NULL;
   digestmap_t *omit_as_sybil = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *chunks = NULL;
 
   private_key = get_server_identity_key();
 
-  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &addr, &hostname)<0) {
+  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, options, &addr, NULL, &hostname)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't resolve my hostname");
     goto done;
   }
+  if (!hostname)
+    hostname = tor_dup_ip(addr);
 
   format_iso_time(published, now);
 
@@ -2921,12 +3231,8 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
     version_lines = tor_strdup("");
   }
 
-  len = 4096+strlen(client_versions)+strlen(server_versions);
-  len += identity_pkey_len*2;
-  len += (RS_ENTRY_LEN)*smartlist_len(rl->routers);
-
-  status = tor_malloc(len);
-  tor_snprintf(status, len,
+  chunks = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
                "network-status-version 2\n"
                "dir-source %s %s %d\n"
                "fingerprint %s\n"
@@ -2946,8 +3252,6 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
                versioning ? " Versions" : "",
                version_lines,
                identity_pkey);
-  outp = status + strlen(status);
-  endp = status + len;
 
   /* precompute this part, since we need it to decide what "stable"
    * means. */
@@ -2955,14 +3259,13 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
     dirserv_set_router_is_running(ri, now);
   });
 
-  dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(rl);
-
   routers = smartlist_new();
   smartlist_add_all(routers, rl->routers);
   routers_sort_by_identity(routers);
-
   omit_as_sybil = get_possible_sybil_list(routers);
 
+  dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds(rl, omit_as_sybil);
+
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(routers, routerinfo_t *, ri) {
     if (ri->cache_info.published_on >= cutoff) {
       routerstatus_t rs;
@@ -2979,34 +3282,33 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
       if (digestmap_get(omit_as_sybil, ri->cache_info.identity_digest))
         clear_status_flags_on_sybil(&rs);
 
-      if (routerstatus_format_entry(outp, endp-outp, &rs, version, NS_V2)) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to print router status.");
-        tor_free(version);
-        goto done;
+      {
+        char *rsf = routerstatus_format_entry(&rs, version, NS_V2, NULL);
+        if (rsf)
+          smartlist_add(chunks, rsf);
       }
       tor_free(version);
-      outp += strlen(outp);
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ri);
 
-  if (tor_snprintf(outp, endp-outp, "directory-signature %s\n",
-                   options->Nickname)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to write signature line.");
-    goto done;
-  }
-  if (router_get_networkstatus_v2_hash(status, digest)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to hash network status");
-    goto done;
-  }
-  outp += strlen(outp);
+  smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "directory-signature %s\n",
+                         options->Nickname);
+
+  crypto_digest_smartlist(digest, DIGEST_LEN, chunks, "", DIGEST_SHA1);
 
   note_crypto_pk_op(SIGN_DIR);
-  if (router_append_dirobj_signature(outp,endp-outp,digest,DIGEST_LEN,
-                                     private_key)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to sign router status.");
-    goto done;
+  {
+    char *sig;
+    if (!(sig = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest,DIGEST_LEN,
+                                            private_key))) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to sign router status.");
+      goto done;
+    }
+    smartlist_add(chunks, sig);
   }
 
+  status = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
+
   {
     networkstatus_v2_t *ns;
     if (!(ns = networkstatus_v2_parse_from_string(status))) {
@@ -3028,6 +3330,10 @@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void)
   }
 
  done:
+  if (chunks) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+    smartlist_free(chunks);
+  }
   tor_free(client_versions);
   tor_free(server_versions);
   tor_free(version_lines);
@@ -3074,7 +3380,7 @@ dirserv_get_networkstatus_v2_fingerprints(smartlist_t *result,
       }
     } else {
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                  trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+                  dir_server_t *, ds,
                   if (ds->type & V2_DIRINFO)
                     smartlist_add(result, tor_memdup(ds->digest, DIGEST_LEN)));
     }
@@ -3273,36 +3579,42 @@ dirserv_get_routerdescs(smartlist_t *descs_out, const char *key,
  * Inform the reachability checker that we could get to this guy.
  */
 void
-dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const char *address,
+dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const tor_addr_t *addr,
                         uint16_t or_port,
                         const char *digest_rcvd)
 {
-  routerinfo_t *ri;
+  node_t *node = NULL;
+  tor_addr_port_t orport;
+  routerinfo_t *ri = NULL;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
-  tor_assert(address);
+  tor_assert(addr);
   tor_assert(digest_rcvd);
 
-  ri = router_get_mutable_by_digest(digest_rcvd);
-
-  if (ri == NULL)
+  node = node_get_mutable_by_id(digest_rcvd);
+  if (node == NULL || node->ri == NULL)
     return;
+  ri = node->ri;
 
-  if (!strcasecmp(address, ri->address) && or_port == ri->or_port) {
+  tor_addr_copy(&orport.addr, addr);
+  orport.port = or_port;
+  if (router_has_orport(ri, &orport)) {
     /* Found the right router.  */
     if (!authdir_mode_bridge(get_options()) ||
         ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE) {
+      char addrstr[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
       /* This is a bridge or we're not a bridge authorititative --
          mark it as reachable.  */
-      tor_addr_t addr, *addrp=NULL;
       log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Found router %s to be reachable at %s:%d. Yay.",
                router_describe(ri),
-               address, ri->or_port);
-      if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, ri->address) != -1)
-        addrp = &addr;
-      else
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't parse IP address \"%s\"", ri->address);
-      rep_hist_note_router_reachable(digest_rcvd, addrp, or_port, now);
-      ri->last_reachable = now;
+               tor_addr_to_str(addrstr, addr, sizeof(addrstr), 1),
+               ri->or_port);
+      if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET) {
+        rep_hist_note_router_reachable(digest_rcvd, addr, or_port, now);
+        node->last_reachable = now;
+      } else if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6) {
+        /* No rephist for IPv6.  */
+        node->last_reachable6 = now;
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -3325,7 +3637,7 @@ dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(const routerinfo_t *ri,
     /* It just came out of hibernation; launch a reachability test */
     return 1;
   }
-  if (! routers_have_same_or_addr(ri, ri_old)) {
+  if (! routers_have_same_or_addrs(ri, ri_old)) {
     /* Address or port changed; launch a reachability test */
     return 1;
   }
@@ -3338,15 +3650,35 @@ dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(const routerinfo_t *ri,
 void
 dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router)
 {
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  node_t *node = NULL;
   tor_addr_t router_addr;
+  (void) now;
+
+  tor_assert(router);
+  node = node_get_mutable_by_id(router->cache_info.identity_digest);
+  tor_assert(node);
+
+  /* IPv4. */
   log_debug(LD_OR,"Testing reachability of %s at %s:%u.",
             router->nickname, router->address, router->or_port);
-  /* Remember when we started trying to determine reachability */
-  if (!router->testing_since)
-    router->testing_since = now;
   tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&router_addr, router->addr);
-  connection_or_connect(&router_addr, router->or_port,
-                        router->cache_info.identity_digest);
+  chan = channel_tls_connect(&router_addr, router->or_port,
+                             router->cache_info.identity_digest);
+  if (chan) command_setup_channel(chan);
+
+  /* Possible IPv6. */
+  if (get_options()->AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity == 1 &&
+      !tor_addr_is_null(&router->ipv6_addr)) {
+    char addrstr[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+    log_debug(LD_OR, "Testing reachability of %s at %s:%u.",
+              router->nickname,
+              tor_addr_to_str(addrstr, &router->ipv6_addr, sizeof(addrstr), 1),
+              router->ipv6_orport);
+    chan = channel_tls_connect(&router->ipv6_addr, router->ipv6_orport,
+                               router->cache_info.identity_digest);
+    if (chan) command_setup_channel(chan);
+  }
 }
 
 /** Auth dir server only: load balance such that we only
@@ -3649,7 +3981,7 @@ connection_dirserv_add_microdescs_to_outbuf(dir_connection_t *conn)
     char *fp256 = smartlist_pop_last(conn->fingerprint_stack);
     microdesc_t *md = microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(cache, fp256);
     tor_free(fp256);
-    if (!md)
+    if (!md || !md->body)
       continue;
     if (conn->zlib_state) {
       /* XXXX024 This 'last' business should actually happen on the last
@@ -3767,7 +4099,7 @@ connection_dirserv_add_networkstatus_bytes_to_outbuf(dir_connection_t *conn)
 int
 connection_dirserv_flushed_some(dir_connection_t *conn)
 {
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING);
 
   if (connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)) >= DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN)
     return 0;
@@ -3802,9 +4134,11 @@ dirserv_free_all(void)
   cached_dir_decref(cached_directory);
   clear_cached_dir(&cached_runningrouters);
 
-  digestmap_free(cached_v2_networkstatus, _free_cached_dir);
+  digestmap_free(cached_v2_networkstatus, free_cached_dir_);
   cached_v2_networkstatus = NULL;
-  strmap_free(cached_consensuses, _free_cached_dir);
+  strmap_free(cached_consensuses, free_cached_dir_);
   cached_consensuses = NULL;
+
+  dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.h b/src/or/dirserv.h
index 22269b2009..f9d36d760f 100644
--- a/src/or/dirserv.h
+++ b/src/or/dirserv.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for dirserv.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_DIRSERV_H
-#define _TOR_DIRSERV_H
+#ifndef TOR_DIRSERV_H
+#define TOR_DIRSERV_H
 
 /** What fraction (1 over this number) of the relay ID space do we
  * (as a directory authority) launch connections to at each reachability
@@ -29,28 +29,6 @@
 
 /** Maximum allowable length of a version line in a networkstatus. */
 #define MAX_V_LINE_LEN 128
-/** Length of "r Authority BadDirectory BadExit Exit Fast Guard HSDir Named
- * Running Stable Unnamed V2Dir Valid\n". */
-#define MAX_FLAG_LINE_LEN 96
-/** Length of "w" line for weighting.  Currently at most
- * "w Bandwidth=<uint32t> Measured=<uint32t>\n" */
-#define MAX_WEIGHT_LINE_LEN (12+10+10+10+1)
-/** Maximum length of an exit policy summary line. */
-#define MAX_POLICY_LINE_LEN (3+MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN)
-/** Amount of space to allocate for each entry: r, s, and v lines. */
-#define RS_ENTRY_LEN                                                    \
-  ( /* first line */                                                    \
-   MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+BASE64_DIGEST_LEN*2+ISO_TIME_LEN+INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+ \
-   5*2 /* ports */ + 10 /* punctuation */ +                             \
-   /* second line */                                                    \
-   MAX_FLAG_LINE_LEN +                                                  \
-   /* weight line */                                                    \
-   MAX_WEIGHT_LINE_LEN +                                                \
-   /* p line. */                                                        \
-   MAX_POLICY_LINE_LEN +                                                \
-   /* v line. */                                                        \
-   MAX_V_LINE_LEN                                                       \
-   )
 
 int connection_dirserv_flushed_some(dir_connection_t *conn);
 
@@ -70,12 +48,12 @@ int list_server_status_v1(smartlist_t *routers, char **router_status_out,
                           int for_controller);
 int dirserv_dump_directory_to_string(char **dir_out,
                                      crypto_pk_t *private_key);
+char *dirserv_get_flag_thresholds_line(void);
 
 int directory_fetches_from_authorities(const or_options_t *options);
 int directory_fetches_dir_info_early(const or_options_t *options);
 int directory_fetches_dir_info_later(const or_options_t *options);
 int directory_caches_v2_dir_info(const or_options_t *options);
-#define directory_caches_v1_dir_info(o) directory_caches_v2_dir_info(o)
 int directory_caches_unknown_auth_certs(const or_options_t *options);
 int directory_caches_dir_info(const or_options_t *options);
 int directory_permits_begindir_requests(const or_options_t *options);
@@ -87,8 +65,6 @@ void directory_set_dirty(void);
 cached_dir_t *dirserv_get_directory(void);
 cached_dir_t *dirserv_get_runningrouters(void);
 cached_dir_t *dirserv_get_consensus(const char *flavor_name);
-void dirserv_set_cached_directory(const char *directory, time_t when,
-                                  int is_running_routers);
 void dirserv_set_cached_networkstatus_v2(const char *directory,
                                          const char *identity,
                                          time_t published);
@@ -107,7 +83,7 @@ int dirserv_get_routerdesc_fingerprints(smartlist_t *fps_out, const char *key,
                                         int is_extrainfo);
 int dirserv_get_routerdescs(smartlist_t *descs_out, const char *key,
                             const char **msg);
-void dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const char *address,
+void dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const tor_addr_t *addr,
                              uint16_t or_port,
                              const char *digest_rcvd);
 int dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(const routerinfo_t *ri,
@@ -130,18 +106,33 @@ size_t dirserv_estimate_data_size(smartlist_t *fps, int is_serverdescs,
                                   int compressed);
 size_t dirserv_estimate_microdesc_size(const smartlist_t *fps, int compressed);
 
-int routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
+char *routerstatus_format_entry(
                               const routerstatus_t *rs, const char *platform,
-                              routerstatus_format_type_t format);
+                              routerstatus_format_type_t format,
+                              const vote_routerstatus_t *vrs);
 void dirserv_free_all(void);
 void cached_dir_decref(cached_dir_t *d);
 cached_dir_t *new_cached_dir(char *s, time_t published);
 
 #ifdef DIRSERV_PRIVATE
+
+/* Put the MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE #define here so unit tests can see it */
+#define MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE (3*24*60*60) /* 3 days */
+
 int measured_bw_line_parse(measured_bw_line_t *out, const char *line);
 
 int measured_bw_line_apply(measured_bw_line_t *parsed_line,
                            smartlist_t *routerstatuses);
+
+void dirserv_cache_measured_bw(const measured_bw_line_t *parsed_line,
+                               time_t as_of);
+void dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache(void);
+void dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(time_t now);
+int dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(void);
+int dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(const char *node_id, long *bw_out,
+                                       time_t *as_of_out);
+int dirserv_has_measured_bw(const char *node_id);
+cached_dir_t *generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void);
 #endif
 
 int dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const char *from_file,
diff --git a/src/or/dirvote.c b/src/or/dirvote.c
index 144859ae04..c6d1244902 100644
--- a/src/or/dirvote.c
+++ b/src/or/dirvote.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #define DIRVOTE_PRIVATE
@@ -53,36 +53,10 @@ static int dirvote_compute_consensuses(void);
 static int dirvote_publish_consensus(void);
 static char *make_consensus_method_list(int low, int high, const char *sep);
 
-/** The highest consensus method that we currently support. */
-#define MAX_SUPPORTED_CONSENSUS_METHOD 13
-
-/** Lowest consensus method that contains a 'directory-footer' marker */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_FOOTER 9
-
-/** Lowest consensus method that contains bandwidth weights */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_BW_WEIGHTS 9
-
-/** Lowest consensus method that contains consensus params */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_PARAMS 7
-
-/** Lowest consensus method that generates microdescriptors */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MICRODESC 8
-
-/** Lowest consensus method that ensures a majority of authorities voted
-  * for a param. */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MAJORITY_PARAMS 12
-
-/** Lowest consensus method where microdesc consensuses omit any entry
- * with no microdesc. */
-#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MANDATORY_MICRODESC 13
-
 /* =====
  * Voting
  * =====*/
 
-/* Overestimated. */
-#define MICRODESC_LINE_LEN 80
-
 /** Return a new string containing the string representation of the vote in
  * <b>v3_ns</b>, signed with our v3 signing key <b>private_signing_key</b>.
  * For v3 authorities. */
@@ -90,17 +64,14 @@ char *
 format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
                           networkstatus_t *v3_ns)
 {
-  size_t len;
-  char *status = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *chunks;
   const char *client_versions = NULL, *server_versions = NULL;
-  char *outp, *endp;
   char fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
   char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
   uint32_t addr;
-  routerlist_t *rl = router_get_routerlist();
-  char *version_lines = NULL;
-  int r;
+  char *client_versions_line = NULL, *server_versions_line = NULL;
   networkstatus_voter_info_t *voter;
+  char *status = NULL;
 
   tor_assert(private_signing_key);
   tor_assert(v3_ns->type == NS_TYPE_VOTE || v3_ns->type == NS_TYPE_OPINION);
@@ -114,49 +85,28 @@ format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
   client_versions = v3_ns->client_versions;
   server_versions = v3_ns->server_versions;
 
-  if (client_versions || server_versions) {
-    size_t v_len = 64;
-    char *cp;
-    if (client_versions)
-      v_len += strlen(client_versions);
-    if (server_versions)
-      v_len += strlen(server_versions);
-    version_lines = tor_malloc(v_len);
-    cp = version_lines;
-    if (client_versions) {
-      r = tor_snprintf(cp, v_len-(cp-version_lines),
-                   "client-versions %s\n", client_versions);
-      if (r < 0) {
-        log_err(LD_BUG, "Insufficient memory for client-versions line");
-        tor_assert(0);
-      }
-      cp += strlen(cp);
-    }
-    if (server_versions) {
-      r = tor_snprintf(cp, v_len-(cp-version_lines),
-                   "server-versions %s\n", server_versions);
-      if (r < 0) {
-        log_err(LD_BUG, "Insufficient memory for server-versions line");
-        tor_assert(0);
-      }
-    }
+  if (client_versions) {
+    tor_asprintf(&client_versions_line, "client-versions %s\n",
+                 client_versions);
   } else {
-    version_lines = tor_strdup("");
+    client_versions_line = tor_strdup("");
+  }
+  if (server_versions) {
+    tor_asprintf(&server_versions_line, "server-versions %s\n",
+                 server_versions);
+  } else {
+    server_versions_line = tor_strdup("");
   }
 
-  len = 8192;
-  len += strlen(version_lines);
-  len += (RS_ENTRY_LEN+MICRODESC_LINE_LEN)*smartlist_len(rl->routers);
-  len += strlen("\ndirectory-footer\n");
-  len += v3_ns->cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
-
-  status = tor_malloc(len);
+  chunks = smartlist_new();
   {
     char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char va[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char fu[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char vu[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char *flags = smartlist_join_strings(v3_ns->known_flags, " ", 0, NULL);
+    /* XXXX Abstraction violation: should be pulling a field out of v3_ns.*/
+    char *flag_thresholds = dirserv_get_flag_thresholds_line();
     char *params;
     authority_cert_t *cert = v3_ns->cert;
     char *methods =
@@ -172,7 +122,7 @@ format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
       params = tor_strdup("");
 
     tor_assert(cert);
-    r = tor_snprintf(status, len,
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
                  "network-status-version 3\n"
                  "vote-status %s\n"
                  "consensus-methods %s\n"
@@ -181,8 +131,9 @@ format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
                  "fresh-until %s\n"
                  "valid-until %s\n"
                  "voting-delay %d %d\n"
-                 "%s" /* versions */
+                 "%s%s" /* versions */
                  "known-flags %s\n"
+                 "flag-thresholds %s\n"
                  "params %s\n"
                  "dir-source %s %s %s %s %d %d\n"
                  "contact %s\n",
@@ -190,99 +141,76 @@ format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
                  methods,
                  published, va, fu, vu,
                  v3_ns->vote_seconds, v3_ns->dist_seconds,
-                 version_lines,
+                 client_versions_line,
+                 server_versions_line,
                  flags,
+                 flag_thresholds,
                  params,
                  voter->nickname, fingerprint, voter->address,
                  fmt_addr32(addr), voter->dir_port, voter->or_port,
                  voter->contact);
 
-    if (r < 0) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG, "Insufficient memory for network status line");
-      tor_assert(0);
-    }
-
     tor_free(params);
     tor_free(flags);
+    tor_free(flag_thresholds);
     tor_free(methods);
-    outp = status + strlen(status);
-    endp = status + len;
 
     if (!tor_digest_is_zero(voter->legacy_id_digest)) {
       char fpbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
       base16_encode(fpbuf, sizeof(fpbuf), voter->legacy_id_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-      r = tor_snprintf(outp, endp-outp, "legacy-dir-key %s\n", fpbuf);
-      if (r < 0) {
-        log_err(LD_BUG, "Insufficient memory for legacy-dir-key line");
-        tor_assert(0);
-      }
-      outp += strlen(outp);
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "legacy-dir-key %s\n", fpbuf);
     }
 
-    tor_assert(outp + cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len < endp);
-    memcpy(outp, cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body,
-           cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len);
-
-    outp += cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
+    smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strndup(cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body,
+                                      cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len));
   }
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(v3_ns->routerstatus_list, vote_routerstatus_t *,
                           vrs) {
+    char *rsf;
     vote_microdesc_hash_t *h;
-    if (routerstatus_format_entry(outp, endp-outp, &vrs->status,
-                                  vrs->version, NS_V3_VOTE) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to print router status.");
-      goto err;
-    }
-    outp += strlen(outp);
+    rsf = routerstatus_format_entry(&vrs->status,
+                                    vrs->version, NS_V3_VOTE, vrs);
+    if (rsf)
+      smartlist_add(chunks, rsf);
 
     for (h = vrs->microdesc; h; h = h->next) {
-      size_t mlen = strlen(h->microdesc_hash_line);
-      if (outp+mlen >= endp) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Can't fit microdesc line in vote.");
-      }
-      memcpy(outp, h->microdesc_hash_line, mlen+1);
-      outp += strlen(outp);
+      smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup(h->microdesc_hash_line));
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(vrs);
 
-  r = tor_snprintf(outp, endp-outp, "directory-footer\n");
-  if (r < 0) {
-    log_err(LD_BUG, "Insufficient memory for directory-footer line");
-    tor_assert(0);
-  }
-  outp += strlen(outp);
+  smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("directory-footer\n"));
+
+  /* The digest includes everything up through the space after
+   * directory-signature.  (Yuck.) */
+  crypto_digest_smartlist(digest, DIGEST_LEN, chunks,
+                          "directory-signature ", DIGEST_SHA1);
 
   {
     char signing_key_fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
-    if (tor_snprintf(outp, endp-outp, "directory-signature ")<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to start signature line.");
-      goto err;
-    }
-    outp += strlen(outp);
-
     if (crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(private_signing_key,
                                   signing_key_fingerprint, 0)<0) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to get fingerprint for signing key");
       goto err;
     }
-    if (tor_snprintf(outp, endp-outp, "%s %s\n", fingerprint,
-                     signing_key_fingerprint)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to end signature line.");
-      goto err;
-    }
-    outp += strlen(outp);
+
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "directory-signature %s %s\n", fingerprint,
+                           signing_key_fingerprint);
   }
 
-  if (router_get_networkstatus_v3_hash(status, digest, DIGEST_SHA1)<0)
-    goto err;
   note_crypto_pk_op(SIGN_DIR);
-  if (router_append_dirobj_signature(outp,endp-outp,digest, DIGEST_LEN,
-                                     private_signing_key)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to sign networkstatus vote.");
-    goto err;
+  {
+    char *sig = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest, DIGEST_LEN,
+                                            private_signing_key);
+    if (!sig) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to sign networkstatus vote.");
+      goto err;
+    }
+    smartlist_add(chunks, sig);
   }
 
+  status = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
+
   {
     networkstatus_t *v;
     if (!(v = networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(status, NULL,
@@ -300,7 +228,12 @@ format_networkstatus_vote(crypto_pk_t *private_signing_key,
  err:
   tor_free(status);
  done:
-  tor_free(version_lines);
+  tor_free(client_versions_line);
+  tor_free(server_versions_line);
+  if (chunks) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+    smartlist_free(chunks);
+  }
   return status;
 }
 
@@ -346,7 +279,7 @@ typedef struct dir_src_ent_t {
 /** Helper for sorting networkstatus_t votes (not consensuses) by the
  * hash of their voters' identity digests. */
 static int
-_compare_votes_by_authority_id(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_votes_by_authority_id_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const networkstatus_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   return fast_memcmp(get_voter(a)->identity_digest,
@@ -357,7 +290,7 @@ _compare_votes_by_authority_id(const void **_a, const void **_b)
  * their identity digests, and return -1, 0, or 1 depending on their
  * ordering */
 static int
-_compare_dir_src_ents_by_authority_id(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_dir_src_ents_by_authority_id_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const dir_src_ent_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   const networkstatus_voter_info_t *a_v = get_voter(a->v),
@@ -424,12 +357,27 @@ compare_vote_rs(const vote_routerstatus_t *a, const vote_routerstatus_t *b)
 
 /** Helper for sorting routerlists based on compare_vote_rs. */
 static int
-_compare_vote_rs(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_vote_rs_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const vote_routerstatus_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   return compare_vote_rs(a,b);
 }
 
+/** Helper for sorting OR ports. */
+static int
+compare_orports_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+{
+  const tor_addr_port_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
+  int r;
+
+  if ((r = tor_addr_compare(&a->addr, &b->addr, CMP_EXACT)))
+    return r;
+  if ((r = (((int) b->port) - ((int) a->port))))
+    return r;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /** Given a list of vote_routerstatus_t, all for the same router identity,
  * return whichever is most frequent, breaking ties in favor of more
  * recently published vote_routerstatus_t and in case of ties there,
@@ -437,17 +385,18 @@ _compare_vote_rs(const void **_a, const void **_b)
  */
 static vote_routerstatus_t *
 compute_routerstatus_consensus(smartlist_t *votes, int consensus_method,
-                               char *microdesc_digest256_out)
+                               char *microdesc_digest256_out,
+                               tor_addr_port_t *best_alt_orport_out)
 {
   vote_routerstatus_t *most = NULL, *cur = NULL;
   int most_n = 0, cur_n = 0;
   time_t most_published = 0;
 
-  /* _compare_vote_rs() sorts the items by identity digest (all the same),
+  /* compare_vote_rs_() sorts the items by identity digest (all the same),
    * then by SD digest.  That way, if we have a tie that the published_on
    * date cannot tie, we use the descriptor with the smaller digest.
    */
-  smartlist_sort(votes, _compare_vote_rs);
+  smartlist_sort(votes, compare_vote_rs_);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(votes, vote_routerstatus_t *, rs) {
     if (cur && !compare_vote_rs(cur, rs)) {
       ++cur_n;
@@ -473,6 +422,38 @@ compute_routerstatus_consensus(smartlist_t *votes, int consensus_method,
 
   tor_assert(most);
 
+  /* If we're producing "a" lines, vote on potential alternative (sets
+   * of) OR port(s) in the winning routerstatuses.
+   *
+   * XXX prop186 There's at most one alternative OR port (_the_ IPv6
+   * port) for now. */
+  if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES && best_alt_orport_out) {
+    smartlist_t *alt_orports = smartlist_new();
+    const tor_addr_port_t *most_alt_orport = NULL;
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(votes, vote_routerstatus_t *, rs) {
+      if (compare_vote_rs(most, rs) == 0 &&
+          !tor_addr_is_null(&rs->status.ipv6_addr)
+          && rs->status.ipv6_orport) {
+        smartlist_add(alt_orports, tor_addr_port_new(&rs->status.ipv6_addr,
+                                                     rs->status.ipv6_orport));
+      }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rs);
+
+    smartlist_sort(alt_orports, compare_orports_);
+    most_alt_orport = smartlist_get_most_frequent(alt_orports,
+                                                  compare_orports_);
+    if (most_alt_orport) {
+      memcpy(best_alt_orport_out, most_alt_orport, sizeof(tor_addr_port_t));
+      log_debug(LD_DIR, "\"a\" line winner for %s is %s",
+                most->status.nickname,
+                fmt_addrport(&most_alt_orport->addr, most_alt_orport->port));
+    }
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(alt_orports, tor_addr_port_t *, ap, tor_free(ap));
+    smartlist_free(alt_orports);
+  }
+
   if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_MICRODESC &&
       microdesc_digest256_out) {
     smartlist_t *digests = smartlist_new();
@@ -496,29 +477,11 @@ compute_routerstatus_consensus(smartlist_t *votes, int consensus_method,
   return most;
 }
 
-/** Given a list of strings in <b>lst</b>, set the <b>len_out</b>-byte digest
- * at <b>digest_out</b> to the hash of the concatenation of those strings,
- * computed with the algorithm <b>alg</b>. */
-static void
-hash_list_members(char *digest_out, size_t len_out,
-                  smartlist_t *lst, digest_algorithm_t alg)
-{
-  crypto_digest_t *d;
-  if (alg == DIGEST_SHA1)
-    d = crypto_digest_new();
-  else
-    d = crypto_digest256_new(alg);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const char *, cp,
-                    crypto_digest_add_bytes(d, cp, strlen(cp)));
-  crypto_digest_get_digest(d, digest_out, len_out);
-  crypto_digest_free(d);
-}
-
 /** Sorting helper: compare two strings based on their values as base-ten
  * positive integers. (Non-integers are treated as prior to all integers, and
  * compared lexically.) */
 static int
-_cmp_int_strings(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+cmp_int_strings_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const char *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   int ai = (int)tor_parse_long(a, 10, 1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL);
@@ -549,13 +512,13 @@ compute_consensus_method(smartlist_t *votes)
   {
     tor_assert(vote->supported_methods);
     smartlist_add_all(tmp, vote->supported_methods);
-    smartlist_sort(tmp, _cmp_int_strings);
-    smartlist_uniq(tmp, _cmp_int_strings, NULL);
+    smartlist_sort(tmp, cmp_int_strings_);
+    smartlist_uniq(tmp, cmp_int_strings_, NULL);
     smartlist_add_all(all_methods, tmp);
     smartlist_clear(tmp);
   });
 
-  smartlist_sort(all_methods, _cmp_int_strings);
+  smartlist_sort(all_methods, cmp_int_strings_);
   get_frequent_members(acceptable_methods, all_methods, min);
   n_ok = smartlist_len(acceptable_methods);
   if (n_ok) {
@@ -1358,6 +1321,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
   char *client_versions = NULL, *server_versions = NULL;
   smartlist_t *flags;
   const char *flavor_name;
+  uint32_t max_unmeasured_bw_kb = DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
   int64_t G=0, M=0, E=0, D=0, T=0; /* For bandwidth weights */
   const routerstatus_format_type_t rs_format =
     flavor == FLAV_NS ? NS_V3_CONSENSUS : NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC;
@@ -1504,7 +1468,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
   }
 
   /* Sort the votes. */
-  smartlist_sort(votes, _compare_votes_by_authority_id);
+  smartlist_sort(votes, compare_votes_by_authority_id_);
   /* Add the authority sections. */
   {
     smartlist_t *dir_sources = smartlist_new();
@@ -1523,7 +1487,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
         smartlist_add(dir_sources, e_legacy);
       }
     } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(v);
-    smartlist_sort(dir_sources, _compare_dir_src_ents_by_authority_id);
+    smartlist_sort(dir_sources, compare_dir_src_ents_by_authority_id_);
 
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(dir_sources, const dir_src_ent_t *, e) {
       char fingerprint[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
@@ -1556,6 +1520,30 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     smartlist_free(dir_sources);
   }
 
+  if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW) {
+    char *max_unmeasured_param = NULL;
+    /* XXXX Extract this code into a common function */
+    if (params) {
+      if (strcmpstart(params, "maxunmeasuredbw=") == 0)
+        max_unmeasured_param = params;
+      else
+        max_unmeasured_param = strstr(params, " maxunmeasuredbw=");
+    }
+    if (max_unmeasured_param) {
+      int ok = 0;
+      char *eq = strchr(max_unmeasured_param, '=');
+      if (eq) {
+        max_unmeasured_bw_kb = (uint32_t)
+          tor_parse_ulong(eq+1, 10, 1, UINT32_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+        if (!ok) {
+          log_warn(LD_DIR, "Bad element '%s' in max unmeasured bw param",
+                   escaped(max_unmeasured_param));
+          max_unmeasured_bw_kb = DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /* Add the actual router entries. */
   {
     int *index; /* index[j] is the current index into votes[j]. */
@@ -1567,9 +1555,10 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     smartlist_t *chosen_flags = smartlist_new();
     smartlist_t *versions = smartlist_new();
     smartlist_t *exitsummaries = smartlist_new();
-    uint32_t *bandwidths = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * smartlist_len(votes));
-    uint32_t *measured_bws = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) *
-                                        smartlist_len(votes));
+    uint32_t *bandwidths_kb = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) *
+                                         smartlist_len(votes));
+    uint32_t *measured_bws_kb = tor_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) *
+                                           smartlist_len(votes));
     int num_bandwidths;
     int num_mbws;
 
@@ -1582,6 +1571,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     int *named_flag; /* Index of the flag "Named" for votes[j] */
     int *unnamed_flag; /* Index of the flag "Unnamed" for votes[j] */
     int chosen_named_idx;
+    int n_authorities_measuring_bandwidth;
 
     strmap_t *name_to_id_map = strmap_new();
     char conflict[DIGEST_LEN];
@@ -1600,10 +1590,19 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       unnamed_flag[i] = named_flag[i] = -1;
     chosen_named_idx = smartlist_string_pos(flags, "Named");
 
-    /* Build the flag index. */
+    /* Build the flag indexes. Note that no vote can have more than 64 members
+     * for known_flags, so no value will be greater than 63, so it's safe to
+     * do U64_LITERAL(1) << index on these values.  But note also that
+     * named_flag and unnamed_flag are initialized to -1, so we need to check
+     * that they're actually set before doing U64_LITERAL(1) << index with
+     * them.*/
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(votes, networkstatus_t *, v) {
       flag_map[v_sl_idx] = tor_malloc_zero(
                            sizeof(int)*smartlist_len(v->known_flags));
+      if (smartlist_len(v->known_flags) > MAX_KNOWN_FLAGS_IN_VOTE) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Somehow, a vote has %d entries in known_flags",
+                 smartlist_len(v->known_flags));
+      }
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(v->known_flags, const char *, fl) {
         int p = smartlist_string_pos(flags, fl);
         tor_assert(p >= 0);
@@ -1670,6 +1669,14 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(v);
     }
 
+    /* We need to know how many votes measure bandwidth. */
+    n_authorities_measuring_bandwidth = 0;
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(votes, networkstatus_t *, v,
+       if (v->has_measured_bws) {
+         ++n_authorities_measuring_bandwidth;
+       }
+    );
+
     /* Now go through all the votes */
     flag_counts = tor_malloc(sizeof(int) * smartlist_len(flags));
     while (1) {
@@ -1685,6 +1692,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       int n_listing = 0;
       int i;
       char microdesc_digest[DIGEST256_LEN];
+      tor_addr_port_t alt_orport = {TOR_ADDR_NULL, 0};
 
       /* Of the next-to-be-considered digest in each voter, which is first? */
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(votes, networkstatus_t *, v, {
@@ -1728,7 +1736,8 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
           if (rs->flags & (U64_LITERAL(1) << i))
             ++flag_counts[flag_map[v_sl_idx][i]];
         }
-        if (rs->flags & (U64_LITERAL(1) << named_flag[v_sl_idx])) {
+        if (named_flag[v_sl_idx] >= 0 &&
+            (rs->flags & (U64_LITERAL(1) << named_flag[v_sl_idx]))) {
           if (chosen_name && strcmp(chosen_name, rs->status.nickname)) {
             log_notice(LD_DIR, "Conflict on naming for router: %s vs %s",
                        chosen_name, rs->status.nickname);
@@ -1738,11 +1747,11 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
         }
 
         /* count bandwidths */
-        if (rs->status.has_measured_bw)
-          measured_bws[num_mbws++] = rs->status.measured_bw;
+        if (rs->has_measured_bw)
+          measured_bws_kb[num_mbws++] = rs->measured_bw_kb;
 
         if (rs->status.has_bandwidth)
-          bandwidths[num_bandwidths++] = rs->status.bandwidth;
+          bandwidths_kb[num_bandwidths++] = rs->status.bandwidth_kb;
       } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(v);
 
       /* We don't include this router at all unless more than half of
@@ -1754,7 +1763,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
        * routerinfo and its contents are. */
       memset(microdesc_digest, 0, sizeof(microdesc_digest));
       rs = compute_routerstatus_consensus(matching_descs, consensus_method,
-                                          microdesc_digest);
+                                          microdesc_digest, &alt_orport);
       /* Copy bits of that into rs_out. */
       memset(&rs_out, 0, sizeof(rs_out));
       tor_assert(fast_memeq(lowest_id, rs->status.identity_digest,DIGEST_LEN));
@@ -1765,6 +1774,10 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       rs_out.published_on = rs->status.published_on;
       rs_out.dir_port = rs->status.dir_port;
       rs_out.or_port = rs->status.or_port;
+      if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES) {
+        tor_addr_copy(&rs_out.ipv6_addr, &alt_orport.addr);
+        rs_out.ipv6_orport = alt_orport.port;
+      }
       rs_out.has_bandwidth = 0;
       rs_out.has_exitsummary = 0;
 
@@ -1828,28 +1841,37 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       /* Pick a bandwidth */
       if (consensus_method >= 6 && num_mbws > 2) {
         rs_out.has_bandwidth = 1;
-        rs_out.bandwidth = median_uint32(measured_bws, num_mbws);
+        rs_out.bw_is_unmeasured = 0;
+        rs_out.bandwidth_kb = median_uint32(measured_bws_kb, num_mbws);
       } else if (consensus_method >= 5 && num_bandwidths > 0) {
         rs_out.has_bandwidth = 1;
-        rs_out.bandwidth = median_uint32(bandwidths, num_bandwidths);
+        rs_out.bw_is_unmeasured = 1;
+        rs_out.bandwidth_kb = median_uint32(bandwidths_kb, num_bandwidths);
+        if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW &&
+            n_authorities_measuring_bandwidth > 2) {
+          /* Cap non-measured bandwidths. */
+          if (rs_out.bandwidth_kb > max_unmeasured_bw_kb) {
+            rs_out.bandwidth_kb = max_unmeasured_bw_kb;
+          }
+        }
       }
 
       /* Fix bug 2203: Do not count BadExit nodes as Exits for bw weights */
-      if (consensus_method >= 11) {
+      if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CUT_BADEXIT_WEIGHT) {
         is_exit = is_exit && !is_bad_exit;
       }
 
       if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_BW_WEIGHTS) {
         if (rs_out.has_bandwidth) {
-          T += rs_out.bandwidth;
+          T += rs_out.bandwidth_kb;
           if (is_exit && is_guard)
-            D += rs_out.bandwidth;
+            D += rs_out.bandwidth_kb;
           else if (is_exit)
-            E += rs_out.bandwidth;
+            E += rs_out.bandwidth_kb;
           else if (is_guard)
-            G += rs_out.bandwidth;
+            G += rs_out.bandwidth_kb;
           else
-            M += rs_out.bandwidth;
+            M += rs_out.bandwidth_kb;
         } else {
           log_warn(LD_BUG, "Missing consensus bandwidth for router %s",
               rs_out.nickname);
@@ -1862,7 +1884,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
        * listed that descriptor will have the same summary.  If not then
        * something is fishy and we'll use the most common one (breaking
        * ties in favor of lexicographically larger one (only because it
-       * lets me reuse more existing code.
+       * lets me reuse more existing code)).
        *
        * The other case that can happen is that no authority that voted
        * for that descriptor has an exit policy summary.  That's
@@ -1948,12 +1970,12 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       }
 
       {
-        char buf[4096];
+        char *buf;
         /* Okay!! Now we can write the descriptor... */
         /*     First line goes into "buf". */
-        routerstatus_format_entry(buf, sizeof(buf), &rs_out, NULL,
-                                  rs_format);
-        smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup(buf));
+        buf = routerstatus_format_entry(&rs_out, NULL, rs_format, NULL);
+        if (buf)
+          smartlist_add(chunks, buf);
       }
       /*     Now an m line, if applicable. */
       if (flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC &&
@@ -1973,7 +1995,11 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("\n"));
       /*     Now the weight line. */
       if (rs_out.has_bandwidth) {
-        smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "w Bandwidth=%d\n", rs_out.bandwidth);
+        int unmeasured = rs_out.bw_is_unmeasured &&
+          consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW;
+        smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "w Bandwidth=%d%s\n",
+                               rs_out.bandwidth_kb,
+                               unmeasured?" Unmeasured=1":"");
       }
 
       /*     Now the exitpolicy summary line. */
@@ -1999,8 +2025,8 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     smartlist_free(chosen_flags);
     smartlist_free(versions);
     smartlist_free(exitsummaries);
-    tor_free(bandwidths);
-    tor_free(measured_bws);
+    tor_free(bandwidths_kb);
+    tor_free(measured_bws_kb);
   }
 
   if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_FOOTER) {
@@ -2016,6 +2042,7 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     // Parse params, extract BW_WEIGHT_SCALE if present
     // DO NOT use consensus_param_bw_weight_scale() in this code!
     // The consensus is not formed yet!
+    /* XXXX Extract this code into a common function */
     if (params) {
       if (strcmpstart(params, "bwweightscale=") == 0)
         bw_weight_param = params;
@@ -2060,12 +2087,12 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
     size_t digest_len =
       flavor == FLAV_NS ? DIGEST_LEN : DIGEST256_LEN;
     const char *algname = crypto_digest_algorithm_get_name(digest_alg);
-    char sigbuf[4096];
+    char *signature;
 
     smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("directory-signature "));
 
     /* Compute the hash of the chunks. */
-    hash_list_members(digest, digest_len, chunks, digest_alg);
+    crypto_digest_smartlist(digest, digest_len, chunks, "", digest_alg);
 
     /* Get the fingerprints */
     crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(identity_key, fingerprint, 0);
@@ -2081,14 +2108,12 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
                    signing_key_fingerprint);
     }
     /* And the signature. */
-    sigbuf[0] = '\0';
-    if (router_append_dirobj_signature(sigbuf, sizeof(sigbuf),
-                                       digest, digest_len,
-                                       signing_key)) {
+    if (!(signature = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest, digest_len,
+                                                  signing_key))) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't sign consensus networkstatus.");
-      return NULL; /* This leaks, but it should never happen. */
+      goto done;
     }
-    smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup(sigbuf));
+    smartlist_add(chunks, signature);
 
     if (legacy_id_key_digest && legacy_signing_key && consensus_method >= 3) {
       smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("directory-signature "));
@@ -2104,26 +2129,18 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
                      algname, fingerprint,
                      signing_key_fingerprint);
       }
-      sigbuf[0] = '\0';
-      if (router_append_dirobj_signature(sigbuf, sizeof(sigbuf),
-                                         digest, digest_len,
-                                         legacy_signing_key)) {
+
+      if (!(signature = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest, digest_len,
+                                                    legacy_signing_key))) {
         log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't sign consensus networkstatus.");
-        return NULL; /* This leaks, but it should never happen. */
+        goto done;
       }
-      smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup(sigbuf));
+      smartlist_add(chunks, signature);
     }
   }
 
   result = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
 
-  tor_free(client_versions);
-  tor_free(server_versions);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(flags, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(flags);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(chunks);
-
   {
     networkstatus_t *c;
     if (!(c = networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(result, NULL,
@@ -2131,15 +2148,24 @@ networkstatus_compute_consensus(smartlist_t *votes,
       log_err(LD_BUG, "Generated a networkstatus consensus we couldn't "
               "parse.");
       tor_free(result);
-      return NULL;
+      goto done;
     }
     // Verify balancing parameters
     if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_BW_WEIGHTS && added_weights) {
-      networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(c);
+      networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(c, consensus_method);
     }
     networkstatus_vote_free(c);
   }
 
+ done:
+
+  tor_free(client_versions);
+  tor_free(server_versions);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(flags, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(flags);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(chunks);
+
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -2193,7 +2219,7 @@ networkstatus_add_detached_signatures(networkstatus_t *target,
   {
     digests_t *digests = strmap_get(sigs->digests, flavor);
     int n_matches = 0;
-    digest_algorithm_t alg;
+    int alg;
     if (!digests) {
       *msg_out = "No digests for given consensus flavor";
       return -1;
@@ -2258,7 +2284,7 @@ networkstatus_add_detached_signatures(networkstatus_t *target,
     if (sig->good_signature || !old_sig || old_sig->bad_signature) {
       log_info(LD_DIR, "Adding signature from %s with %s", voter_identity,
                algorithm);
-      log(severity, LD_DIR, "Added a signature for %s from %s.",
+      tor_log(severity, LD_DIR, "Added a signature for %s from %s.",
           target_voter->nickname, source);
       ++r;
       if (old_sig) {
@@ -2457,7 +2483,7 @@ ns_detached_signatures_free(ns_detached_signatures_t *s)
       smartlist_free(sigs);
     } STRMAP_FOREACH_END;
     strmap_free(s->signatures, NULL);
-    strmap_free(s->digests, _tor_free);
+    strmap_free(s->digests, tor_free_);
   }
 
   tor_free(s);
@@ -2757,7 +2783,7 @@ dirvote_fetch_missing_votes(void)
   char *resource;
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                          trusted_dir_server_t *, ds) {
+                          dir_server_t *, ds) {
       if (!(ds->type & V3_DIRINFO))
         continue;
       if (!dirvote_get_vote(ds->v3_identity_digest,
@@ -2875,7 +2901,7 @@ list_v3_auth_ids(void)
   smartlist_t *known_v3_keys = smartlist_new();
   char *keys;
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                    trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+                    dir_server_t *, ds,
     if ((ds->type & V3_DIRINFO) &&
         !tor_digest_is_zero(ds->v3_identity_digest))
       smartlist_add(known_v3_keys,
@@ -2896,7 +2922,7 @@ dirvote_add_vote(const char *vote_body, const char **msg_out, int *status_out)
 {
   networkstatus_t *vote;
   networkstatus_voter_info_t *vi;
-  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+  dir_server_t *ds;
   pending_vote_t *pending_vote = NULL;
   const char *end_of_vote = NULL;
   int any_failed = 0;
@@ -2947,7 +2973,7 @@ dirvote_add_vote(const char *vote_body, const char **msg_out, int *status_out)
     /* Hey, it's a new cert! */
     trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(
                                vote->cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body,
-                               0 /* from_store */, 1 /*flush*/);
+                               TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_VOTE, 1 /*flush*/);
     if (!authority_cert_get_by_digests(vote->cert->cache_info.identity_digest,
                                        vote->cert->signing_key_digest)) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "We added a cert, but still couldn't find it.");
@@ -3080,7 +3106,7 @@ dirvote_compute_consensuses(void)
   }
   tor_assert(pending_vote_list);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(pending_vote_list, pending_vote_t *, v, {
-    if (smartlist_string_isin(v->vote->known_flags, "Running"))
+    if (smartlist_contains_string(v->vote->known_flags, "Running"))
       n_vote_running++;
   });
   if (!n_vote_running) {
@@ -3441,7 +3467,7 @@ dirvote_free_all(void)
 const char *
 dirvote_get_pending_consensus(consensus_flavor_t flav)
 {
-  tor_assert(((int)flav) >= 0 && flav < N_CONSENSUS_FLAVORS);
+  tor_assert(((int)flav) >= 0 && (int)flav < N_CONSENSUS_FLAVORS);
   return pending_consensuses[flav].body;
 }
 
@@ -3504,15 +3530,11 @@ dirvote_get_vote(const char *fp, int flags)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Construct and return a new microdescriptor from a routerinfo <b>ri</b>.
- *
- * XXX Right now, there is only one way to generate microdescriptors from
- * router descriptors.  This may change in future consensus methods.  If so,
- * we'll need an internal way to remember which method we used, and ask for a
- * particular method.
+/** Construct and return a new microdescriptor from a routerinfo <b>ri</b>
+ * according to <b>consensus_method</b>.
  **/
 microdesc_t *
-dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri, int consensus_method)
 {
   microdesc_t *result = NULL;
   char *key = NULL, *summary = NULL, *family = NULL;
@@ -3522,23 +3544,49 @@ dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri)
 
   if (crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(ri->onion_pkey, &key, &keylen)<0)
     goto done;
-  summary = policy_summarize(ri->exit_policy);
+  summary = policy_summarize(ri->exit_policy, AF_INET);
   if (ri->declared_family)
     family = smartlist_join_strings(ri->declared_family, " ", 0, NULL);
 
   smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "onion-key\n%s", key);
 
+  if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_NTOR_KEY &&
+      ri->onion_curve25519_pkey) {
+    char kbuf[128];
+    base64_encode(kbuf, sizeof(kbuf),
+                  (const char*)ri->onion_curve25519_pkey->public_key,
+                  CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "ntor-onion-key %s", kbuf);
+  }
+
+  if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES &&
+      !tor_addr_is_null(&ri->ipv6_addr) && ri->ipv6_orport)
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "a %s\n",
+                           fmt_addrport(&ri->ipv6_addr, ri->ipv6_orport));
+
   if (family)
     smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "family %s\n", family);
 
   if (summary && strcmp(summary, "reject 1-65535"))
     smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "p %s\n", summary);
 
+  if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_FOR_P6_LINES &&
+      ri->ipv6_exit_policy) {
+    /* XXXX024 This doesn't match proposal 208, which says these should
+     * be taken unchanged from the routerinfo.  That's bogosity, IMO:
+     * the proposal should have said to do this instead.*/
+    char *p6 = write_short_policy(ri->ipv6_exit_policy);
+    if (p6 && strcmp(p6, "reject 1-65535"))
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "p6 %s\n", p6);
+    tor_free(p6);
+  }
+
   output = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
 
   {
     smartlist_t *lst = microdescs_parse_from_string(output,
-                                                 output+strlen(output), 0, 1);
+                                                 output+strlen(output), 0,
+                                                    SAVED_NOWHERE);
     if (smartlist_len(lst) != 1) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "We generated a microdescriptor we couldn't parse.");
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, microdesc_t *, md, microdesc_free(md));
@@ -3561,33 +3609,117 @@ dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri)
   return result;
 }
 
-/** Cached space-separated string to hold */
-static char *microdesc_consensus_methods = NULL;
-
 /** Format the appropriate vote line to describe the microdescriptor <b>md</b>
  * in a consensus vote document.  Write it into the <b>out_len</b>-byte buffer
  * in <b>out</b>.  Return -1 on failure and the number of characters written
  * on success. */
 ssize_t
-dirvote_format_microdesc_vote_line(char *out, size_t out_len,
-                                   const microdesc_t *md)
+dirvote_format_microdesc_vote_line(char *out_buf, size_t out_buf_len,
+                                   const microdesc_t *md,
+                                   int consensus_method_low,
+                                   int consensus_method_high)
 {
+  ssize_t ret = -1;
   char d64[BASE64_DIGEST256_LEN+1];
-  if (!microdesc_consensus_methods) {
-    microdesc_consensus_methods =
-      make_consensus_method_list(MIN_METHOD_FOR_MICRODESC,
-                                 MAX_SUPPORTED_CONSENSUS_METHOD,
-                                 ",");
-    tor_assert(microdesc_consensus_methods);
-  }
+  char *microdesc_consensus_methods =
+    make_consensus_method_list(consensus_method_low,
+                               consensus_method_high,
+                               ",");
+  tor_assert(microdesc_consensus_methods);
+
   if (digest256_to_base64(d64, md->digest)<0)
-    return -1;
+    goto out;
 
-  if (tor_snprintf(out, out_len, "m %s sha256=%s\n",
+  if (tor_snprintf(out_buf, out_buf_len, "m %s sha256=%s\n",
                    microdesc_consensus_methods, d64)<0)
-    return -1;
+    goto out;
+
+  ret = strlen(out_buf);
+
+ out:
+  tor_free(microdesc_consensus_methods);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/** Array of start and end of consensus methods used for supported
+    microdescriptor formats. */
+static const struct consensus_method_range_t {
+  int low;
+  int high;
+} microdesc_consensus_methods[] = {
+  {MIN_METHOD_FOR_MICRODESC, MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES - 1},
+  {MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES, MIN_METHOD_FOR_P6_LINES - 1},
+  {MIN_METHOD_FOR_P6_LINES, MIN_METHOD_FOR_NTOR_KEY - 1},
+  {MIN_METHOD_FOR_NTOR_KEY, MAX_SUPPORTED_CONSENSUS_METHOD},
+  {-1, -1}
+};
+
+/** Helper type used when generating the microdescriptor lines in a directory
+ * vote. */
+typedef struct microdesc_vote_line_t {
+  int low;
+  int high;
+  microdesc_t *md;
+  struct microdesc_vote_line_t *next;
+} microdesc_vote_line_t;
+
+/** Generate and return a linked list of all the lines that should appear to
+ * describe a router's microdescriptor versions in a directory vote.
+ * Add the generated microdescriptors to <b>microdescriptors_out</b>. */
+vote_microdesc_hash_t *
+dirvote_format_all_microdesc_vote_lines(const routerinfo_t *ri, time_t now,
+                                        smartlist_t *microdescriptors_out)
+{
+  const struct consensus_method_range_t *cmr;
+  microdesc_vote_line_t *entries = NULL, *ep;
+  vote_microdesc_hash_t *result = NULL;
+
+  /* Generate the microdescriptors. */
+  for (cmr = microdesc_consensus_methods;
+       cmr->low != -1 && cmr->high != -1;
+       cmr++) {
+    microdesc_t *md = dirvote_create_microdescriptor(ri, cmr->low);
+    if (md) {
+      microdesc_vote_line_t *e =
+        tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(microdesc_vote_line_t));
+      e->md = md;
+      e->low = cmr->low;
+      e->high = cmr->high;
+      e->next = entries;
+      entries = e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Compress adjacent identical ones */
+  for (ep = entries; ep; ep = ep->next) {
+    while (ep->next &&
+           fast_memeq(ep->md->digest, ep->next->md->digest, DIGEST256_LEN) &&
+           ep->low == ep->next->high + 1) {
+      microdesc_vote_line_t *next = ep->next;
+      ep->low = next->low;
+      microdesc_free(next->md);
+      ep->next = next->next;
+      tor_free(next);
+    }
+  }
 
-  return strlen(out);
+  /* Format them into vote_microdesc_hash_t, and add to microdescriptors_out.*/
+  while ((ep = entries)) {
+    char buf[128];
+    vote_microdesc_hash_t *h;
+    dirvote_format_microdesc_vote_line(buf, sizeof(buf), ep->md,
+                                       ep->low, ep->high);
+    h = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_microdesc_hash_t));
+    h->microdesc_hash_line = tor_strdup(buf);
+    h->next = result;
+    result = h;
+    ep->md->last_listed = now;
+    smartlist_add(microdescriptors_out, ep->md);
+    entries = ep->next;
+    tor_free(ep);
+  }
+
+  return result;
 }
 
 /** If <b>vrs</b> has a hash made for the consensus method <b>method</b> with
diff --git a/src/or/dirvote.h b/src/or/dirvote.h
index e6f9700614..b236452122 100644
--- a/src/or/dirvote.h
+++ b/src/or/dirvote.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for dirvote.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_DIRVOTE_H
-#define _TOR_DIRVOTE_H
+#ifndef TOR_DIRVOTE_H
+#define TOR_DIRVOTE_H
 
 /** Lowest allowable value for VoteSeconds. */
 #define MIN_VOTE_SECONDS 20
@@ -19,6 +19,50 @@
 /** Smallest allowable voting interval. */
 #define MIN_VOTE_INTERVAL 300
 
+/** The highest consensus method that we currently support. */
+#define MAX_SUPPORTED_CONSENSUS_METHOD 17
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that contains a 'directory-footer' marker */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_FOOTER 9
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that contains bandwidth weights */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_BW_WEIGHTS 9
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that contains consensus params */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_PARAMS 7
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that generates microdescriptors */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MICRODESC 8
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that doesn't count bad exits as exits for weight */
+#define MIN_METHOD_TO_CUT_BADEXIT_WEIGHT 11
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that ensures a majority of authorities voted
+  * for a param. */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MAJORITY_PARAMS 12
+
+/** Lowest consensus method where microdesc consensuses omit any entry
+ * with no microdesc. */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_MANDATORY_MICRODESC 13
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that contains "a" lines. */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_A_LINES 14
+
+/** Lowest consensus method where microdescs may include a "p6" line. */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_P6_LINES 15
+
+/** Lowest consensus method where microdescs may include an onion-key-ntor
+ * line */
+#define MIN_METHOD_FOR_NTOR_KEY 16
+
+/** Lowest consensus method that ensures that authorities output an
+ * Unmeasured=1 flag for unmeasured bandwidths */
+#define MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW 17
+
+/** Default bandwidth to clip unmeasured bandwidths to using method >=
+ * MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB 20
+
 void dirvote_free_all(void);
 
 /* vote manipulation */
@@ -70,9 +114,16 @@ networkstatus_t *
 dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj(crypto_pk_t *private_key,
                                         authority_cert_t *cert);
 
-microdesc_t *dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri);
+microdesc_t *dirvote_create_microdescriptor(const routerinfo_t *ri,
+                                            int consensus_method);
 ssize_t dirvote_format_microdesc_vote_line(char *out, size_t out_len,
-                                       const microdesc_t *md);
+                                           const microdesc_t *md,
+                                           int consensus_method_low,
+                                           int consensus_method_high);
+vote_microdesc_hash_t *dirvote_format_all_microdesc_vote_lines(
+                                        const routerinfo_t *ri,
+                                        time_t now,
+                                        smartlist_t *microdescriptors_out);
 
 int vote_routerstatus_find_microdesc_hash(char *digest256_out,
                                           const vote_routerstatus_t *vrs,
diff --git a/src/or/dns.c b/src/or/dns.c
index 78893bfbed..fb1b10d82c 100644
--- a/src/or/dns.c
+++ b/src/or/dns.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ struct evdns_request;
 #define evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(base, addr, options, cb, ptr) \
   ((evdns_resolve_ipv4((addr), (options), (cb), (ptr))!=0)    \
    ? NULL : ((void*)1))
+#define evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(base, addr, options, cb, ptr) \
+  ((evdns_resolve_ipv6((addr), (options), (cb), (ptr))!=0)    \
+   ? NULL : ((void*)1))
 #define evdns_base_resolve_reverse(base, addr, options, cb, ptr)        \
   ((evdns_resolve_reverse((addr), (options), (cb), (ptr))!=0)           \
    ? NULL : ((void*)1))
@@ -84,12 +87,6 @@ struct evdns_request;
  * that the resolver is wedged? */
 #define RESOLVE_MAX_TIMEOUT 300
 
-/** Possible outcomes from hostname lookup: permanent failure,
- * transient (retryable) failure, and success. */
-#define DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT 1
-#define DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT 2
-#define DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED 3
-
 /** Our evdns_base; this structure handles all our name lookups. */
 static struct evdns_base *the_evdns_base = NULL;
 
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ typedef struct pending_connection_t {
 /* Possible states for a cached resolve_t */
 /** We are waiting for the resolver system to tell us an answer here.
  * When we get one, or when we time out, the state of this cached_resolve_t
- * will become "DONE" and we'll possibly add a CACHED_VALID or a CACHED_FAILED
+ * will become "DONE" and we'll possibly add a CACHED
  * entry. This cached_resolve_t will be in the hash table so that we will
  * know not to launch more requests for this addr, but rather to add more
  * connections to the pending list for the addr. */
@@ -128,10 +125,18 @@ typedef struct pending_connection_t {
 #define CACHE_STATE_DONE 1
 /** We are caching an answer for this address. This should have no pending
  * connections, and should appear in the hash table. */
-#define CACHE_STATE_CACHED_VALID 2
-/** We are caching a failure for this address. This should have no pending
- * connections, and should appear in the hash table */
-#define CACHE_STATE_CACHED_FAILED 3
+#define CACHE_STATE_CACHED 2
+
+/** @name status values for a single DNS request.
+ *
+ * @{ */
+/** The DNS request is in progress. */
+#define RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT 1
+/** The DNS request finished and gave an answer */
+#define RES_STATUS_DONE_OK 2
+/** The DNS request finished and gave an error */
+#define RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR 3
+/**@}*/
 
 /** A DNS request: possibly completed, possibly pending; cached_resolve
  * structs are stored at the OR side in a hash table, and as a linked
@@ -139,19 +144,39 @@ typedef struct pending_connection_t {
  */
 typedef struct cached_resolve_t {
   HT_ENTRY(cached_resolve_t) node;
-  uint32_t magic;
+  uint32_t magic;  /**< Must be CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC */
   char address[MAX_ADDRESSLEN]; /**< The hostname to be resolved. */
+
+  union {
+    uint32_t addr_ipv4; /**< IPv4 addr for <b>address</b>, if successful.
+                         * (In host order.) */
+    int err_ipv4; /**< One of DNS_ERR_*, if IPv4 lookup failed. */
+  } result_ipv4; /**< Outcome of IPv4 lookup */
+  union {
+    struct in6_addr addr_ipv6; /**< IPv6 addr for <b>address</b>, if
+                                * successful */
+    int err_ipv6; /**< One of DNS_ERR_*, if IPv6 lookup failed. */
+  } result_ipv6; /**< Outcome of IPv6 lookup, if any */
   union {
-    struct {
-      struct in6_addr addr6; /**< IPv6 addr for <b>address</b>. */
-      uint32_t addr;  /**< IPv4 addr for <b>address</b>. */
-    } a;
-    char *hostname; /**< Hostname for <b>address</b> (if a reverse lookup) */
-  } result;
-  uint8_t state; /**< Is this cached entry pending/done/valid/failed? */
-  uint8_t is_reverse; /**< Is this a reverse (addr-to-hostname) lookup? */
+    char *hostname; /** A hostname, if PTR lookup happened successfully*/
+    int err_hostname; /** One of DNS_ERR_*, if PTR lookup failed. */
+  } result_ptr;
+  /** @name Status fields
+   *
+   * These take one of the RES_STATUS_* values, depending on the state
+   * of the corresponding lookup.
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int res_status_ipv4 : 2;
+  unsigned int res_status_ipv6 : 2;
+  unsigned int res_status_hostname : 2;
+  /**@}*/
+  uint8_t state; /**< Is this cached entry pending/done/informative? */
+
   time_t expire; /**< Remove items from cache after this time. */
-  uint32_t ttl; /**< What TTL did the nameserver tell us? */
+  uint32_t ttl_ipv4; /**< What TTL did the nameserver tell us? */
+  uint32_t ttl_ipv6; /**< What TTL did the nameserver tell us? */
+  uint32_t ttl_hostname; /**< What TTL did the nameserver tell us? */
   /** Connections that want to know when we get an answer for this resolve. */
   pending_connection_t *pending_connections;
   /** Position of this element in the heap*/
@@ -159,20 +184,31 @@ typedef struct cached_resolve_t {
 } cached_resolve_t;
 
 static void purge_expired_resolves(time_t now);
-static void dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse,
-                             uint32_t addr, const char *hostname, char outcome,
+static void dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
+                             int dns_answer,
+                             const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                             const char *hostname,
                              uint32_t ttl);
-static void send_resolved_cell(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type);
-static int launch_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn);
+static void send_resolved_cell(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type,
+                               const cached_resolve_t *resolve);
+static int launch_resolve(cached_resolve_t *resolve);
 static void add_wildcarded_test_address(const char *address);
 static int configure_nameservers(int force);
 static int answer_is_wildcarded(const char *ip);
 static int dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
                             or_circuit_t *oncirc, char **resolved_to_hostname,
-                            int *made_connection_pending_out);
+                            int *made_connection_pending_out,
+                            cached_resolve_t **resolve_out);
+static int set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn,
+                                          const cached_resolve_t *resolve,
+                                          char **hostname_out);
+static int evdns_err_is_transient(int err);
+static void inform_pending_connections(cached_resolve_t *resolve);
+static void make_pending_resolve_cached(cached_resolve_t *cached);
+
 #ifdef DEBUG_DNS_CACHE
-static void _assert_cache_ok(void);
-#define assert_cache_ok() _assert_cache_ok()
+static void assert_cache_ok_(void);
+#define assert_cache_ok() assert_cache_ok_()
 #else
 #define assert_cache_ok() STMT_NIL
 #endif
@@ -181,6 +217,13 @@ static void assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve);
 /** Hash table of cached_resolve objects. */
 static HT_HEAD(cache_map, cached_resolve_t) cache_root;
 
+/** Global: how many IPv6 requests have we made in all? */
+static uint64_t n_ipv6_requests_made = 0;
+/** Global: how many IPv6 requests have timed out? */
+static uint64_t n_ipv6_timeouts = 0;
+/** Global: Do we think that IPv6 DNS is broken? */
+static int dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 0;
+
 /** Function to compare hashed resolves on their addresses; used to
  * implement hash tables. */
 static INLINE int
@@ -219,7 +262,7 @@ evdns_log_cb(int warn, const char *msg)
   int severity = warn ? LOG_WARN : LOG_INFO;
   if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Resolve requested for") &&
       get_options()->SafeLogging) {
-    log(LOG_INFO, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: Resolve requested.");
+    log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns: Resolve requested.");
     return;
   } else if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Search: ")) {
     return;
@@ -248,13 +291,13 @@ evdns_log_cb(int warn, const char *msg)
     control_event_server_status(LOG_WARN, "NAMESERVER_ALL_DOWN");
     all_down = 1;
   }
-  log(severity, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: %s", msg);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: %s", msg);
 }
 
 /** Helper: passed to eventdns.c as a callback so it can generate random
  * numbers for transaction IDs and 0x20-hack coding. */
 static void
-_dns_randfn(char *b, size_t n)
+dns_randfn_(char *b, size_t n)
 {
   crypto_rand(b,n);
 }
@@ -264,7 +307,7 @@ int
 dns_init(void)
 {
   init_cache_map();
-  evdns_set_random_bytes_fn(_dns_randfn);
+  evdns_set_random_bytes_fn(dns_randfn_);
   if (server_mode(get_options())) {
     int r = configure_nameservers(1);
     return r;
@@ -336,7 +379,7 @@ dns_get_expiry_ttl(uint32_t ttl)
 
 /** Helper: free storage held by an entry in the DNS cache. */
 static void
-_free_cached_resolve(cached_resolve_t *r)
+free_cached_resolve_(cached_resolve_t *r)
 {
   if (!r)
     return;
@@ -345,8 +388,8 @@ _free_cached_resolve(cached_resolve_t *r)
     r->pending_connections = victim->next;
     tor_free(victim);
   }
-  if (r->is_reverse)
-    tor_free(r->result.hostname);
+  if (r->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
+    tor_free(r->result_ptr.hostname);
   r->magic = 0xFF00FF00;
   tor_free(r);
 }
@@ -355,7 +398,7 @@ _free_cached_resolve(cached_resolve_t *r)
  * less-than-zero, zero, or greater-than-zero as appropriate. Used for
  * the priority queue implementation. */
 static int
-_compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_(const void *_a, const void *_b)
 {
   const cached_resolve_t *a = _a, *b = _b;
   if (a->expire < b->expire)
@@ -370,6 +413,65 @@ _compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry(const void *_a, const void *_b)
  * will expire. */
 static smartlist_t *cached_resolve_pqueue = NULL;
 
+static void
+cached_resolve_add_answer(cached_resolve_t *resolve,
+                          int query_type,
+                          int dns_result,
+                          const tor_addr_t *answer_addr,
+                          const char *answer_hostname,
+                          uint32_t ttl)
+{
+  if (query_type == DNS_PTR) {
+    if (resolve->res_status_hostname != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
+      return;
+
+    if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_hostname) {
+      resolve->result_ptr.hostname = tor_strdup(answer_hostname);
+      resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
+    } else {
+      resolve->result_ptr.err_hostname = dns_result;
+      resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
+    }
+    resolve->ttl_hostname = ttl;
+  } else if (query_type == DNS_IPv4_A) {
+    if (resolve->res_status_ipv4 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
+      return;
+
+    if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_addr &&
+        tor_addr_family(answer_addr) == AF_INET) {
+      resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4 = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(answer_addr);
+      resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
+    } else {
+      resolve->result_ipv4.err_ipv4 = dns_result;
+      resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
+    }
+
+  } else if (query_type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
+    if (resolve->res_status_ipv6 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT)
+      return;
+
+    if (dns_result == DNS_ERR_NONE && answer_addr &&
+        tor_addr_family(answer_addr) == AF_INET6) {
+      memcpy(&resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6,
+             tor_addr_to_in6(answer_addr),
+             sizeof(struct in6_addr));
+      resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_DONE_OK;
+    } else {
+      resolve->result_ipv6.err_ipv6 = dns_result;
+      resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return true iff there are no in-flight requests for <b>resolve</b>. */
+static int
+cached_resolve_have_all_answers(const cached_resolve_t *resolve)
+{
+  return (resolve->res_status_ipv4 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT &&
+          resolve->res_status_ipv6 != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT &&
+          resolve->res_status_hostname != RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT);
+}
+
 /** Set an expiry time for a cached_resolve_t, and add it to the expiry
  * priority queue */
 static void
@@ -380,7 +482,7 @@ set_expiry(cached_resolve_t *resolve, time_t expires)
     cached_resolve_pqueue = smartlist_new();
   resolve->expire = expires;
   smartlist_pqueue_add(cached_resolve_pqueue,
-                       _compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry,
+                       compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
                        STRUCT_OFFSET(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx),
                        resolve);
 }
@@ -395,13 +497,13 @@ dns_free_all(void)
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cached_resolve_pqueue, cached_resolve_t *, res,
       {
         if (res->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE)
-          _free_cached_resolve(res);
+          free_cached_resolve_(res);
       });
   }
   for (ptr = HT_START(cache_map, &cache_root); ptr != NULL; ptr = next) {
     item = *ptr;
     next = HT_NEXT_RMV(cache_map, &cache_root, ptr);
-    _free_cached_resolve(item);
+    free_cached_resolve_(item);
   }
   HT_CLEAR(cache_map, &cache_root);
   smartlist_free(cached_resolve_pqueue);
@@ -427,7 +529,7 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
     if (resolve->expire > now)
       break;
     smartlist_pqueue_pop(cached_resolve_pqueue,
-                         _compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry,
+                         compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
                          STRUCT_OFFSET(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx));
 
     if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
@@ -435,8 +537,7 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
                 "Expiring a dns resolve %s that's still pending. Forgot to "
                 "cull it? DNS resolve didn't tell us about the timeout?",
                 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
-    } else if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED_VALID ||
-               resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED_FAILED) {
+    } else if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED) {
       log_debug(LD_EXIT,
                 "Forgetting old cached resolve (address %s, expires %lu)",
                 escaped_safe_str(resolve->address),
@@ -454,9 +555,9 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
         pend = resolve->pending_connections;
         resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
         /* Connections should only be pending if they have no socket. */
-        tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pend->conn->_base.s));
+        tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pend->conn->base_.s));
         pendconn = pend->conn;
-        if (!pendconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+        if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
           connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT);
           circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
           connection_free(TO_CONN(pendconn));
@@ -465,8 +566,7 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
       }
     }
 
-    if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED_VALID ||
-        resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED_FAILED ||
+    if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_CACHED ||
         resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING) {
       removed = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
       if (removed != resolve) {
@@ -481,8 +581,8 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
       cached_resolve_t *tmp = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
       tor_assert(tmp != resolve);
     }
-    if (resolve->is_reverse)
-      tor_free(resolve->result.hostname);
+    if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
+      tor_free(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
     resolve->magic = 0xF0BBF0BB;
     tor_free(resolve);
   }
@@ -490,19 +590,24 @@ purge_expired_resolves(time_t now)
   assert_cache_ok();
 }
 
+/* argument for send_resolved_cell only, meaning "let the answer type be ipv4
+ * or ipv6 depending on the connection's address". */
+#define RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO 0xff
+
 /** Send a response to the RESOLVE request of a connection.
  * <b>answer_type</b> must be one of
- * RESOLVED_TYPE_(IPV4|ERROR|ERROR_TRANSIENT).
+ * RESOLVED_TYPE_(AUTO|ERROR|ERROR_TRANSIENT|).
  *
  * If <b>circ</b> is provided, and we have a cached answer, send the
  * answer back along circ; otherwise, send the answer back along
  * <b>conn</b>'s attached circuit.
  */
 static void
-send_resolved_cell(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type)
+send_resolved_cell(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type,
+                   const cached_resolve_t *resolved)
 {
-  char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
-  size_t buflen;
+  char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE], *cp = buf;
+  size_t buflen = 0;
   uint32_t ttl;
 
   buf[0] = answer_type;
@@ -510,19 +615,36 @@ send_resolved_cell(edge_connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type)
 
   switch (answer_type)
     {
-    case RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4:
-      buf[1] = 4;
-      set_uint32(buf+2, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&conn->_base.addr));
-      set_uint32(buf+6, htonl(ttl));
-      buflen = 10;
-      break;
-    /*XXXX IP6 need ipv6 implementation */
+    case RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO:
+      if (resolved && resolved->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
+        cp[0] = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4;
+        cp[1] = 4;
+        set_uint32(cp+2, htonl(resolved->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4));
+        set_uint32(cp+6, htonl(ttl));
+        cp += 10;
+      }
+      if (resolved && resolved->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
+        const uint8_t *bytes = resolved->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6.s6_addr;
+        cp[0] = RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6;
+        cp[1] = 16;
+        memcpy(cp+2, bytes, 16);
+        set_uint32(cp+18, htonl(ttl));
+        cp += 22;
+      }
+      if (cp != buf) {
+        buflen = cp - buf;
+        break;
+      } else {
+        answer_type = RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR;
+        /* fall through. */
+      }
     case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT:
     case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR:
       {
         const char *errmsg = "Error resolving hostname";
         size_t msglen = strlen(errmsg);
 
+        buf[0] = answer_type;
         buf[1] = msglen;
         strlcpy(buf+2, errmsg, sizeof(buf)-2);
         set_uint32(buf+2+msglen, htonl(ttl));
@@ -600,10 +722,11 @@ dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
   int is_resolve, r;
   int made_connection_pending = 0;
   char *hostname = NULL;
-  is_resolve = exitconn->_base.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
+  cached_resolve_t *resolve = NULL;
+  is_resolve = exitconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
 
   r = dns_resolve_impl(exitconn, is_resolve, oncirc, &hostname,
-                       &made_connection_pending);
+                       &made_connection_pending, &resolve);
 
   switch (r) {
     case 1:
@@ -614,7 +737,7 @@ dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
         if (hostname)
           send_resolved_hostname_cell(exitconn, hostname);
         else
-          send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4);
+          send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO, resolve);
         exitconn->on_circuit = NULL;
       } else {
         /* Add to the n_streams list; the calling function will send back a
@@ -626,7 +749,7 @@ dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
     case 0:
       /* The request is pending: add the connection into the linked list of
        * resolving_streams on this circuit. */
-      exitconn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING;
+      exitconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING;
       exitconn->next_stream = oncirc->resolving_streams;
       oncirc->resolving_streams = exitconn;
       break;
@@ -636,14 +759,15 @@ dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
        * and stop everybody waiting for the same connection. */
       if (is_resolve) {
         send_resolved_cell(exitconn,
-             (r == -1) ? RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT);
+             (r == -1) ? RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT,
+             NULL);
       }
 
       exitconn->on_circuit = NULL;
 
-      dns_cancel_pending_resolve(exitconn->_base.address);
+      dns_cancel_pending_resolve(exitconn->base_.address);
 
-      if (!made_connection_pending && !exitconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+      if (!made_connection_pending && !exitconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
         /* If we made the connection pending, then we freed it already in
          * dns_cancel_pending_resolve().  If we marked it for close, it'll
          * get freed from the main loop.  Otherwise, can free it now. */
@@ -670,48 +794,50 @@ dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
  * Set *<b>made_connection_pending_out</b> to true if we have placed
  * <b>exitconn</b> on the list of pending connections for some resolve; set it
  * to false otherwise.
+ *
+ * Set *<b>resolve_out</b> to a cached resolve, if we found one.
  */
 static int
 dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
                  or_circuit_t *oncirc, char **hostname_out,
-                 int *made_connection_pending_out)
+                 int *made_connection_pending_out,
+                 cached_resolve_t **resolve_out)
 {
   cached_resolve_t *resolve;
   cached_resolve_t search;
   pending_connection_t *pending_connection;
-  const routerinfo_t *me;
+  int is_reverse = 0;
   tor_addr_t addr;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
-  uint8_t is_reverse = 0;
   int r;
   assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(exitconn), 0);
-  tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(exitconn->_base.s));
+  tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(exitconn->base_.s));
   assert_cache_ok();
   tor_assert(oncirc);
   *made_connection_pending_out = 0;
 
-  /* first check if exitconn->_base.address is an IP. If so, we already
+  /* first check if exitconn->base_.address is an IP. If so, we already
    * know the answer. */
-  if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, exitconn->_base.address) >= 0) {
-    if (tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET) {
-      tor_addr_copy(&exitconn->_base.addr, &addr);
+  if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, exitconn->base_.address) >= 0) {
+    if (tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET ||
+        tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6) {
+      tor_addr_copy(&exitconn->base_.addr, &addr);
       exitconn->address_ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL;
       return 1;
     } else {
-      /* XXXX IPv6 */
+      /* XXXX unspec? Bogus? */
       return -1;
     }
   }
 
   /* If we're a non-exit, don't even do DNS lookups. */
-  if (!(me = router_get_my_routerinfo()) ||
-      policy_is_reject_star(me->exit_policy)) {
+  if (router_my_exit_policy_is_reject_star())
     return -1;
-  }
-  if (address_is_invalid_destination(exitconn->_base.address, 0)) {
-    log(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_EXIT,
+
+  if (address_is_invalid_destination(exitconn->base_.address, 0)) {
+    tor_log(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_EXIT,
         "Rejecting invalid destination address %s",
-        escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
+        escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -719,14 +845,14 @@ dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
    * resolves in the hash table. */
   purge_expired_resolves(now);
 
-  /* lower-case exitconn->_base.address, so it's in canonical form */
-  tor_strlower(exitconn->_base.address);
+  /* lower-case exitconn->base_.address, so it's in canonical form */
+  tor_strlower(exitconn->base_.address);
 
   /* Check whether this is a reverse lookup.  If it's malformed, or it's a
    * .in-addr.arpa address but this isn't a resolve request, kill the
    * connection.
    */
-  if ((r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(&addr, exitconn->_base.address,
+  if ((r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(&addr, exitconn->base_.address,
                                               AF_UNSPEC, 0)) != 0) {
     if (r == 1) {
       is_reverse = 1;
@@ -737,21 +863,22 @@ dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
     if (!is_reverse || !is_resolve) {
       if (!is_reverse)
         log_info(LD_EXIT, "Bad .in-addr.arpa address \"%s\"; sending error.",
-                 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
+                 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
       else if (!is_resolve)
         log_info(LD_EXIT,
                  "Attempt to connect to a .in-addr.arpa address \"%s\"; "
                  "sending error.",
-                 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
+                 escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
 
       return -1;
     }
     //log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Looks like an address %s",
-    //exitconn->_base.address);
+    //exitconn->base_.address);
   }
+  exitconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup = is_reverse;
 
   /* now check the hash table to see if 'address' is already there. */
-  strlcpy(search.address, exitconn->_base.address, sizeof(search.address));
+  strlcpy(search.address, exitconn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
   resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
   if (resolve && resolve->expire > now) { /* already there */
     switch (resolve->state) {
@@ -763,27 +890,19 @@ dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
         pending_connection->next = resolve->pending_connections;
         resolve->pending_connections = pending_connection;
         *made_connection_pending_out = 1;
-        log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) waiting for pending DNS "
-                  "resolve of %s", exitconn->_base.s,
-                  escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
+        log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") waiting "
+                  "for pending DNS resolve of %s", exitconn->base_.s,
+                  escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
         return 0;
-      case CACHE_STATE_CACHED_VALID:
-        log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) found cached answer for %s",
-                  exitconn->_base.s,
+      case CACHE_STATE_CACHED:
+        log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") found "
+                  "cached answer for %s",
+                  exitconn->base_.s,
                   escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
-        exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl;
-        if (resolve->is_reverse) {
-          tor_assert(is_resolve);
-          *hostname_out = tor_strdup(resolve->result.hostname);
-        } else {
-          tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&exitconn->_base.addr, resolve->result.a.addr);
-        }
-        return 1;
-      case CACHE_STATE_CACHED_FAILED:
-        log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) found cached error for %s",
-                  exitconn->_base.s,
-                  escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
-        return -1;
+
+        *resolve_out = resolve;
+
+        return set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(exitconn, resolve, hostname_out);
       case CACHE_STATE_DONE:
         log_err(LD_BUG, "Found a 'DONE' dns resolve still in the cache.");
         tor_fragile_assert();
@@ -796,8 +915,7 @@ dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
   resolve->magic = CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC;
   resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_PENDING;
   resolve->minheap_idx = -1;
-  resolve->is_reverse = is_reverse;
-  strlcpy(resolve->address, exitconn->_base.address, sizeof(resolve->address));
+  strlcpy(resolve->address, exitconn->base_.address, sizeof(resolve->address));
 
   /* add this connection to the pending list */
   pending_connection = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(pending_connection_t));
@@ -810,10 +928,115 @@ dns_resolve_impl(edge_connection_t *exitconn, int is_resolve,
   set_expiry(resolve, now + RESOLVE_MAX_TIMEOUT);
 
   log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Launching %s.",
-            escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
+            escaped_safe_str(exitconn->base_.address));
   assert_cache_ok();
 
-  return launch_resolve(exitconn);
+  return launch_resolve(resolve);
+}
+
+/** Given an exit connection <b>exitconn</b>, and a cached_resolve_t
+ * <b>resolve</b> whose DNS lookups have all succeeded or failed, update the
+ * appropriate fields (address_ttl and addr) of <b>exitconn</b>.
+ *
+ * If this is a reverse lookup, set *<b>hostname_out</b> to a newly allocated
+ * copy of the name resulting hostname.
+ *
+ * Return -2 on a transient error, -1 on a permenent error, and 1 on
+ * a successful lookup.
+ */
+static int
+set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn,
+                               const cached_resolve_t *resolve,
+                               char **hostname_out)
+{
+  int ipv4_ok, ipv6_ok, answer_with_ipv4, r;
+  uint32_t begincell_flags;
+  const int is_resolve = exitconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE;
+  tor_assert(exitconn);
+  tor_assert(resolve);
+
+  if (exitconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup) {
+    exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_hostname;
+    if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
+      *hostname_out = tor_strdup(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
+      return 1;
+    } else {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If we're here then the connection wants one or either of ipv4, ipv6, and
+   * we can give it one or both. */
+  if (is_resolve) {
+    begincell_flags = BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK;
+  } else {
+    begincell_flags = exitconn->begincell_flags;
+  }
+
+  ipv4_ok = (resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) &&
+    ! (begincell_flags & BEGIN_FLAG_IPV4_NOT_OK);
+  ipv6_ok = (resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) &&
+    (begincell_flags & BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_OK) &&
+    get_options()->IPv6Exit;
+
+  /* Now decide which one to actually give. */
+  if (ipv4_ok && ipv6_ok && is_resolve) {
+    answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
+  } else if (ipv4_ok && ipv6_ok) {
+    /* If we have both, see if our exit policy has an opinion. */
+    const uint16_t port = exitconn->base_.port;
+    int ipv4_allowed, ipv6_allowed;
+    tor_addr_t a4, a6;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&a4, resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
+    tor_addr_from_in6(&a6, &resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6);
+    ipv4_allowed = !router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(&a4, port);
+    ipv6_allowed = !router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(&a6, port);
+    if (ipv4_allowed && !ipv6_allowed) {
+      answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
+    } else if (ipv6_allowed && !ipv4_allowed) {
+      answer_with_ipv4 = 0;
+    } else {
+      /* Our exit policy would permit both.  Answer with whichever the user
+       * prefers */
+      answer_with_ipv4 = !(begincell_flags &
+                           BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED);
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* Otherwise if one is okay, send it back. */
+    if (ipv4_ok) {
+      answer_with_ipv4 = 1;
+    } else if (ipv6_ok) {
+      answer_with_ipv4 = 0;
+    } else {
+      /* Neither one was okay. Choose based on user preference. */
+      answer_with_ipv4 = !(begincell_flags &
+                           BEGIN_FLAG_IPV6_PREFERRED);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Finally, we write the answer back. */
+  r = 1;
+  if (answer_with_ipv4) {
+    if (resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&exitconn->base_.addr,
+                          resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
+    } else {
+      r = evdns_err_is_transient(resolve->result_ipv4.err_ipv4) ? -2 : -1;
+    }
+
+    exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv4;
+  } else {
+    if (resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK) {
+      tor_addr_from_in6(&exitconn->base_.addr,
+                        &resolve->result_ipv6.addr_ipv6);
+    } else {
+      r = evdns_err_is_transient(resolve->result_ipv6.err_ipv6) ? -2 : -1;
+    }
+
+    exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv6;
+  }
+
+  return r;
 }
 
 /** Log an error and abort if conn is waiting for a DNS resolve.
@@ -826,7 +1049,7 @@ assert_connection_edge_not_dns_pending(edge_connection_t *conn)
 
 #if 1
   cached_resolve_t *resolve;
-  strlcpy(search.address, conn->_base.address, sizeof(search.address));
+  strlcpy(search.address, conn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
   resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
   if (!resolve)
     return;
@@ -856,7 +1079,7 @@ assert_all_pending_dns_resolves_ok(void)
          pend;
          pend = pend->next) {
       assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(pend->conn), 0);
-      tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pend->conn->_base.s));
+      tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pend->conn->base_.s));
       tor_assert(!connection_in_array(TO_CONN(pend->conn)));
     }
   }
@@ -871,15 +1094,15 @@ connection_dns_remove(edge_connection_t *conn)
   cached_resolve_t search;
   cached_resolve_t *resolve;
 
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
-  tor_assert(conn->_base.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT);
+  tor_assert(conn->base_.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING);
 
-  strlcpy(search.address, conn->_base.address, sizeof(search.address));
+  strlcpy(search.address, conn->base_.address, sizeof(search.address));
 
   resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
   if (!resolve) {
     log_notice(LD_BUG, "Address %s is not pending. Dropping.",
-               escaped_safe_str(conn->_base.address));
+               escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -891,10 +1114,10 @@ connection_dns_remove(edge_connection_t *conn)
   if (pend->conn == conn) {
     resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
     tor_free(pend);
-    log_debug(LD_EXIT, "First connection (fd %d) no longer waiting "
-              "for resolve of %s",
-              conn->_base.s,
-              escaped_safe_str(conn->_base.address));
+    log_debug(LD_EXIT, "First connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") no "
+              "longer waiting for resolve of %s",
+              conn->base_.s,
+              escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
     return;
   } else {
     for ( ; pend->next; pend = pend->next) {
@@ -903,8 +1126,9 @@ connection_dns_remove(edge_connection_t *conn)
         pend->next = victim->next;
         tor_free(victim);
         log_debug(LD_EXIT,
-                  "Connection (fd %d) no longer waiting for resolve of %s",
-                  conn->_base.s, escaped_safe_str(conn->_base.address));
+                  "Connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT") no longer waiting "
+                  "for resolve of %s",
+                  conn->base_.s, escaped_safe_str(conn->base_.address));
         return; /* more are pending */
       }
     }
@@ -959,17 +1183,17 @@ dns_cancel_pending_resolve(const char *address)
              escaped_safe_str(address));
   while (resolve->pending_connections) {
     pend = resolve->pending_connections;
-    pend->conn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+    pend->conn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
     pendconn = pend->conn;
     assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(pendconn), 0);
-    tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pendconn->_base.s));
-    if (!pendconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+    tor_assert(!SOCKET_OK(pendconn->base_.s));
+    if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
       connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED);
     }
     circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn);
     if (circ)
       circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn);
-    if (!pendconn->_base.marked_for_close)
+    if (!pendconn->base_.marked_for_close)
       connection_free(TO_CONN(pendconn));
     resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
     tor_free(pend);
@@ -987,47 +1211,6 @@ dns_cancel_pending_resolve(const char *address)
   resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_DONE;
 }
 
-/** Helper: adds an entry to the DNS cache mapping <b>address</b> to the ipv4
- * address <b>addr</b> (if is_reverse is 0) or the hostname <b>hostname</b> (if
- * is_reverse is 1).  <b>ttl</b> is a cache ttl; <b>outcome</b> is one of
- * DNS_RESOLVE_{FAILED_TRANSIENT|FAILED_PERMANENT|SUCCEEDED}.
- **/
-static void
-add_answer_to_cache(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
-                    const char *hostname, char outcome, uint32_t ttl)
-{
-  cached_resolve_t *resolve;
-  if (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT)
-    return;
-
-  //log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Adding to cache: %s -> %s (%lx, %s), %d",
-  //           address, is_reverse?"(reverse)":"", (unsigned long)addr,
-  //           hostname?hostname:"NULL",(int)outcome);
-
-  resolve = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cached_resolve_t));
-  resolve->magic = CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC;
-  resolve->state = (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED) ?
-    CACHE_STATE_CACHED_VALID : CACHE_STATE_CACHED_FAILED;
-  strlcpy(resolve->address, address, sizeof(resolve->address));
-  resolve->is_reverse = is_reverse;
-  if (is_reverse) {
-    if (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED) {
-      tor_assert(hostname);
-      resolve->result.hostname = tor_strdup(hostname);
-    } else {
-      tor_assert(! hostname);
-      resolve->result.hostname = NULL;
-    }
-  } else {
-    tor_assert(!hostname);
-    resolve->result.a.addr = addr;
-  }
-  resolve->ttl = ttl;
-  assert_resolve_ok(resolve);
-  HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
-  set_expiry(resolve, time(NULL) + dns_get_expiry_ttl(ttl));
-}
-
 /** Return true iff <b>address</b> is one of the addresses we use to verify
  * that well-known sites aren't being hijacked by our DNS servers. */
 static INLINE int
@@ -1035,25 +1218,26 @@ is_test_address(const char *address)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   return options->ServerDNSTestAddresses &&
-    smartlist_string_isin_case(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses, address);
+    smartlist_contains_string_case(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses, address);
 }
 
-/** Called on the OR side when a DNS worker or the eventdns library tells us
- * the outcome of a DNS resolve: tell all pending connections about the result
- * of the lookup, and cache the value.  (<b>address</b> is a NUL-terminated
- * string containing the address to look up; <b>addr</b> is an IPv4 address in
- * host order; <b>outcome</b> is one of
- * DNS_RESOLVE_{FAILED_TRANSIENT|FAILED_PERMANENT|SUCCEEDED}.
+/** Called on the OR side when the eventdns library tells us the outcome of a
+ * single DNS resolve: remember the answer, and tell all pending connections
+ * about the result of the lookup if the lookup is now done.  (<b>address</b>
+ * is a NUL-terminated string containing the address to look up;
+ * <b>query_type</b> is one of DNS_{IPv4_A,IPv6_AAAA,PTR}; <b>dns_answer</b>
+ * is DNS_OK or one of DNS_ERR_*, <b>addr</b> is an IPv4 or IPv6 address if we
+ * got one; <b>hostname</b> is a hostname fora PTR request if we got one, and
+ * <b>ttl</b> is the time-to-live of this answer, in seconds.)
  */
 static void
-dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
-                 const char *hostname, char outcome, uint32_t ttl)
+dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
+                 int dns_answer,
+                 const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                 const char *hostname, uint32_t ttl)
 {
-  pending_connection_t *pend;
   cached_resolve_t search;
-  cached_resolve_t *resolve, *removed;
-  edge_connection_t *pendconn;
-  circuit_t *circ;
+  cached_resolve_t *resolve;
 
   assert_cache_ok();
 
@@ -1063,9 +1247,8 @@ dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
   if (!resolve) {
     int is_test_addr = is_test_address(address);
     if (!is_test_addr)
-      log_info(LD_EXIT,"Resolved unasked address %s; caching anyway.",
+      log_info(LD_EXIT,"Resolved unasked address %s; ignoring.",
                escaped_safe_str(address));
-    add_answer_to_cache(address, is_reverse, addr, hostname, outcome, ttl);
     return;
   }
   assert_resolve_ok(resolve);
@@ -1081,46 +1264,66 @@ dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
     tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections == NULL);
     return;
   }
-  /* Removed this assertion: in fact, we'll sometimes get a double answer
-   * to the same question.  This can happen when we ask one worker to resolve
-   * X.Y.Z., then we cancel the request, and then we ask another worker to
-   * resolve X.Y.Z. */
-  /* tor_assert(resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING); */
+
+  cached_resolve_add_answer(resolve, query_type, dns_answer,
+                            addr, hostname, ttl);
+
+  if (cached_resolve_have_all_answers(resolve)) {
+    inform_pending_connections(resolve);
+
+    make_pending_resolve_cached(resolve);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Given a pending cached_resolve_t that we just finished resolving,
+ * inform every connection that was waiting for the outcome of that
+ * resolution. */
+static void
+inform_pending_connections(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
+{
+  pending_connection_t *pend;
+  edge_connection_t *pendconn;
+  int r;
 
   while (resolve->pending_connections) {
+    char *hostname = NULL;
     pend = resolve->pending_connections;
     pendconn = pend->conn; /* don't pass complex things to the
                               connection_mark_for_close macro */
     assert_connection_ok(TO_CONN(pendconn),time(NULL));
-    if (pendconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+
+    if (pendconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
       /* prevent double-remove. */
-      pendconn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+      pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
       resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
       tor_free(pend);
       continue;
     }
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&pendconn->_base.addr, addr);
-    pendconn->address_ttl = ttl;
 
-    if (outcome != DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED) {
+    r = set_exitconn_info_from_resolve(pendconn,
+                                       resolve,
+                                       &hostname);
+
+    if (r < 0) {
       /* prevent double-remove. */
-      pendconn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
-      if (pendconn->_base.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
+      pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+      if (pendconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
         connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED);
         /* This detach must happen after we send the end cell. */
         circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
       } else {
-        send_resolved_cell(pendconn, outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT ?
-                          RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT);
+        send_resolved_cell(pendconn, r == -1 ?
+                         RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR : RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT,
+                         NULL);
         /* This detach must happen after we send the resolved cell. */
         circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn);
       }
       connection_free(TO_CONN(pendconn));
     } else {
-      if (pendconn->_base.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
-        tor_assert(!is_reverse);
+      circuit_t *circ;
+      if (pendconn->base_.purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) {
         /* prevent double-remove. */
-        pend->conn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
+        pend->conn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING;
 
         circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pend->conn);
         tor_assert(circ);
@@ -1136,11 +1339,11 @@ dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
       } else {
         /* prevent double-remove.  This isn't really an accurate state,
          * but it does the right thing. */
-        pendconn->_base.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
-        if (is_reverse)
+        pendconn->base_.state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED;
+        if (pendconn->is_reverse_dns_lookup)
           send_resolved_hostname_cell(pendconn, hostname);
         else
-          send_resolved_cell(pendconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4);
+          send_resolved_cell(pendconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_AUTO, resolve);
         circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn);
         tor_assert(circ);
         circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn);
@@ -1149,10 +1352,23 @@ dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
     }
     resolve->pending_connections = pend->next;
     tor_free(pend);
+    tor_free(hostname);
   }
+}
+
+/** Remove a pending cached_resolve_t from the hashtable, and add a
+ * corresponding cached cached_resolve_t.
+ *
+ * This function is only necessary because of the perversity of our
+ * cache timeout code; see inline comment for ideas on eliminating it.
+ **/
+static void
+make_pending_resolve_cached(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
+{
+  cached_resolve_t *removed;
 
   resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_DONE;
-  removed = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, &search);
+  removed = HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve);
   if (removed != resolve) {
     log_err(LD_BUG, "The pending resolve we found wasn't removable from"
             " the cache. Tried to purge %s (%p); instead got %s (%p).",
@@ -1161,8 +1377,42 @@ dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint8_t is_reverse, uint32_t addr,
   }
   assert_resolve_ok(resolve);
   assert_cache_ok();
+  /* The resolve will eventually just hit the time-out in the expiry queue and
+  * expire. See fd0bafb0dedc7e2 for a brief explanation of how this got that
+  * way.  XXXXX we could do better!*/
+
+  {
+    cached_resolve_t *new_resolve = tor_memdup(resolve,
+                                               sizeof(cached_resolve_t));
+    uint32_t ttl = UINT32_MAX;
+    new_resolve->expire = 0; /* So that set_expiry won't croak. */
+    if (resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK)
+      new_resolve->result_ptr.hostname =
+        tor_strdup(resolve->result_ptr.hostname);
+
+    new_resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_CACHED;
+
+    assert_resolve_ok(new_resolve);
+    HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, new_resolve);
+
+    if ((resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
+         resolve->res_status_ipv4 == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
+        resolve->ttl_ipv4 < ttl)
+      ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv4;
+
+    if ((resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
+         resolve->res_status_ipv6 == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
+        resolve->ttl_ipv6 < ttl)
+      ttl = resolve->ttl_ipv6;
+
+    if ((resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_OK ||
+         resolve->res_status_hostname == RES_STATUS_DONE_ERR) &&
+        resolve->ttl_hostname < ttl)
+      ttl = resolve->ttl_hostname;
+
+    set_expiry(new_resolve, time(NULL) + dns_get_expiry_ttl(ttl));
+  }
 
-  add_answer_to_cache(address, is_reverse, addr, hostname, outcome, ttl);
   assert_cache_ok();
 }
 
@@ -1210,24 +1460,18 @@ configure_nameservers(int force)
   }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_EVDNS_SET_DEFAULT_OUTGOING_BIND_ADDRESS
-  if (options->OutboundBindAddress) {
-    tor_addr_t addr;
-    if (tor_addr_parse(&addr, options->OutboundBindAddress) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"Outbound bind address '%s' didn't parse. Ignoring.",
-               options->OutboundBindAddress);
+  if (! tor_addr_is_null(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_)) {
+    int socklen;
+    struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+    socklen = tor_addr_to_sockaddr(&options->OutboundBindAddressIPv4_, 0,
+                                   (struct sockaddr *)&ss, sizeof(ss));
+    if (socklen <= 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't convert outbound bind address to sockaddr."
+               " Ignoring.");
     } else {
-      int socklen;
-      struct sockaddr_storage ss;
-      socklen = tor_addr_to_sockaddr(&addr, 0,
-                                     (struct sockaddr *)&ss, sizeof(ss));
-      if (socklen <= 0) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't convert outbound bind address to sockaddr."
-                 " Ignoring.");
-      } else {
-        evdns_base_set_default_outgoing_bind_address(the_evdns_base,
-                                                     (struct sockaddr *)&ss,
-                                                     socklen);
-      }
+      evdns_base_set_default_outgoing_bind_address(the_evdns_base,
+                                                   (struct sockaddr *)&ss,
+                                                   socklen);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -1331,23 +1575,40 @@ static void
 evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
                void *arg)
 {
-  char *string_address = arg;
-  uint8_t is_reverse = 0;
-  int status = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT;
-  uint32_t addr = 0;
+  char *arg_ = arg;
+  uint8_t orig_query_type = arg_[0];
+  char *string_address = arg_ + 1;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
   const char *hostname = NULL;
   int was_wildcarded = 0;
 
+  tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+
+  /* Keep track of whether IPv6 is working */
+  if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
+    if (result == DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+      ++n_ipv6_timeouts;
+    }
+
+    if (n_ipv6_timeouts > 10 &&
+        n_ipv6_timeouts > n_ipv6_requests_made / 2) {
+      if (! dns_is_broken_for_ipv6) {
+        log_notice(LD_EXIT, "More than half of our IPv6 requests seem to "
+                   "have timed out. I'm going to assume I can't get AAAA "
+                   "responses.");
+        dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE) {
     if (type == DNS_IPv4_A && count) {
       char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1];
-      struct in_addr in;
       char *escaped_address;
       uint32_t *addrs = addresses;
-      in.s_addr = addrs[0];
-      addr = ntohl(addrs[0]);
-      status = DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED;
-      tor_inet_ntoa(&in, answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&addr, addrs[0]);
+
+      tor_addr_to_str(answer_buf, &addr, sizeof(answer_buf), 0);
       escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
 
       if (answer_is_wildcarded(answer_buf)) {
@@ -1356,8 +1617,30 @@ evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
                   safe_str(escaped_address),
                   escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
         was_wildcarded = 1;
-        addr = 0;
-        status = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT;
+        tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+        result = DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST;
+      } else {
+        log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
+                  safe_str(escaped_address),
+                  escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
+      }
+      tor_free(escaped_address);
+    } else if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA && count) {
+      char answer_buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+      char *escaped_address;
+      struct in6_addr *addrs = addresses;
+      tor_addr_from_in6(&addr, &addrs[0]);
+      tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addrs[0], answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
+      escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
+
+      if (answer_is_wildcarded(answer_buf)) {
+        log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to ISP-hijacked "
+                  "address %s; treating as a failure.",
+                  safe_str(escaped_address),
+                  escaped_safe_str(answer_buf));
+        was_wildcarded = 1;
+        tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+        result = DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST;
       } else {
         log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
                   safe_str(escaped_address),
@@ -1366,9 +1649,7 @@ evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
       tor_free(escaped_address);
     } else if (type == DNS_PTR && count) {
       char *escaped_address;
-      is_reverse = 1;
       hostname = ((char**)addresses)[0];
-      status = DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED;
       escaped_address = esc_for_log(string_address);
       log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s",
                 safe_str(escaped_address),
@@ -1381,9 +1662,6 @@ evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "eventdns returned no addresses or error for %s!",
                escaped_safe_str(string_address));
     }
-  } else {
-    if (evdns_err_is_transient(result))
-      status = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT;
   }
   if (was_wildcarded) {
     if (is_test_address(string_address)) {
@@ -1392,23 +1670,78 @@ evdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses,
       add_wildcarded_test_address(string_address);
     }
   }
+
+  if (orig_query_type && type && orig_query_type != type) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Weird; orig_query_type == %d but type == %d",
+             (int)orig_query_type, (int)type);
+  }
   if (result != DNS_ERR_SHUTDOWN)
-    dns_found_answer(string_address, is_reverse, addr, hostname, status, ttl);
-  tor_free(string_address);
+    dns_found_answer(string_address, orig_query_type,
+                     result, &addr, hostname, ttl);
+
+  tor_free(arg_);
+}
+
+/** Start a single DNS resolve for <b>address</b> (if <b>query_type</b> is
+ * DNS_IPv4_A or DNS_IPv6_AAAA) <b>ptr_address</b> (if <b>query_type</b> is
+ * DNS_PTR). Return 0 if we launched the request, -1 otherwise. */
+static int
+launch_one_resolve(const char *address, uint8_t query_type,
+                   const tor_addr_t *ptr_address)
+{
+  const int options = get_options()->ServerDNSSearchDomains ? 0
+    : DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH;
+  const size_t addr_len = strlen(address);
+  struct evdns_request *req = 0;
+  char *addr = tor_malloc(addr_len + 2);
+  addr[0] = (char) query_type;
+  memcpy(addr+1, address, addr_len + 1);
+
+  switch (query_type) {
+  case DNS_IPv4_A:
+    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(the_evdns_base,
+                                  address, options, evdns_callback, addr);
+    break;
+  case DNS_IPv6_AAAA:
+    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(the_evdns_base,
+                                  address, options, evdns_callback, addr);
+    ++n_ipv6_requests_made;
+    break;
+  case DNS_PTR:
+    if (tor_addr_family(ptr_address) == AF_INET)
+      req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse(the_evdns_base,
+                                       tor_addr_to_in(ptr_address),
+                                       DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
+                                       evdns_callback, addr);
+    else if (tor_addr_family(ptr_address) == AF_INET6)
+      req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse_ipv6(the_evdns_base,
+                                            tor_addr_to_in6(ptr_address),
+                                            DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
+                                            evdns_callback, addr);
+    else
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with PTR query and unexpected address family");
+    break;
+  default:
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Called with unexpectd query type %d", (int)query_type);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (req) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    tor_free(addr);
+    return -1;
+  }
 }
 
 /** For eventdns: start resolving as necessary to find the target for
  * <b>exitconn</b>.  Returns -1 on error, -2 on transient error,
  * 0 on "resolve launched." */
 static int
-launch_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
+launch_resolve(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
 {
-  char *addr;
-  struct evdns_request *req = NULL;
   tor_addr_t a;
   int r;
-  int options = get_options()->ServerDNSSearchDomains ? 0
-    : DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH;
 
   if (get_options()->DisableNetwork)
     return -1;
@@ -1422,40 +1755,45 @@ launch_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn)
     }
   }
 
-  addr = tor_strdup(exitconn->_base.address);
-
   r = tor_addr_parse_PTR_name(
-                            &a, exitconn->_base.address, AF_UNSPEC, 0);
+                            &a, resolve->address, AF_UNSPEC, 0);
 
   tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
   if (r == 0) {
     log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching eventdns request for %s",
-             escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
-    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(the_evdns_base,
-                                exitconn->_base.address, options,
-                                evdns_callback, addr);
+             escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
+    resolve->res_status_ipv4 = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
+    if (get_options()->IPv6Exit)
+      resolve->res_status_ipv6 = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
+
+    if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_IPv4_A, NULL) < 0) {
+      resolve->res_status_ipv4 = 0;
+      r = -1;
+    }
+
+    if (r==0 && get_options()->IPv6Exit) {
+      /* We ask for an IPv6 address for *everything*. */
+      if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_IPv6_AAAA, NULL) < 0) {
+        resolve->res_status_ipv6 = 0;
+        r = -1;
+      }
+    }
   } else if (r == 1) {
+    r = 0;
     log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching eventdns reverse request for %s",
-             escaped_safe_str(exitconn->_base.address));
-    if (tor_addr_family(&a) == AF_INET)
-      req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse(the_evdns_base,
-                                tor_addr_to_in(&a), DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
-                                evdns_callback, addr);
-    else
-      req = evdns_base_resolve_reverse_ipv6(the_evdns_base,
-                                     tor_addr_to_in6(&a), DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH,
-                                     evdns_callback, addr);
+             escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
+    resolve->res_status_hostname = RES_STATUS_INFLIGHT;
+    if (launch_one_resolve(resolve->address, DNS_PTR, &a) < 0) {
+      resolve->res_status_hostname = 0;
+      r = -1;
+    }
   } else if (r == -1) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Somehow a malformed in-addr.arpa address reached here.");
   }
 
-  r = 0;
-  if (!req) {
+  if (r < 0) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected address %s.",
-             escaped_safe_str(addr));
-    r = -1;
-    tor_free(addr); /* There is no evdns request in progress; stop
-                     * addr from getting leaked. */
+           escaped_safe_str(resolve->address));
   }
   return r;
 }
@@ -1488,8 +1826,8 @@ static int dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = 0;
 /** True iff all addresses seem to be getting wildcarded. */
 static int dns_is_completely_invalid = 0;
 
-/** Called when we see <b>id</b> (a dotted quad) in response to a request for
- * a hopefully bogus address. */
+/** Called when we see <b>id</b> (a dotted quad or IPv6 address) in response
+ * to a request for a hopefully bogus address. */
 static void
 wildcard_increment_answer(const char *id)
 {
@@ -1506,8 +1844,8 @@ wildcard_increment_answer(const char *id)
 
   if (*ip > 5 && n_wildcard_requests > 10) {
     if (!dns_wildcard_list) dns_wildcard_list = smartlist_new();
-    if (!smartlist_string_isin(dns_wildcard_list, id)) {
-    log(dns_wildcard_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
+    if (!smartlist_contains_string(dns_wildcard_list, id)) {
+    tor_log(dns_wildcard_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
         "Your DNS provider has given \"%s\" as an answer for %d different "
         "invalid addresses. Apparently they are hijacking DNS failures. "
         "I'll try to correct for this by treating future occurrences of "
@@ -1529,7 +1867,8 @@ add_wildcarded_test_address(const char *address)
   if (!dns_wildcarded_test_address_list)
     dns_wildcarded_test_address_list = smartlist_new();
 
-  if (smartlist_string_isin_case(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list, address))
+  if (smartlist_contains_string_case(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list,
+                                     address))
     return;
 
   n_test_addrs = get_options()->ServerDNSTestAddresses ?
@@ -1538,7 +1877,7 @@ add_wildcarded_test_address(const char *address)
   smartlist_add(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list, tor_strdup(address));
   n = smartlist_len(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list);
   if (n > n_test_addrs/2) {
-    log(dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE,
+    tor_log(dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE,
         LD_EXIT, "Your DNS provider tried to redirect \"%s\" to a junk "
         "address.  It has done this with %d test addresses so far.  I'm "
         "going to stop being an exit node for now, since our DNS seems so "
@@ -1561,18 +1900,28 @@ evdns_wildcard_check_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl,
 {
   (void)ttl;
   ++n_wildcard_requests;
-  if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE && type == DNS_IPv4_A && count) {
-    uint32_t *addrs = addresses;
-    int i;
+  if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE && count) {
     char *string_address = arg;
-    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-      char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1];
-      struct in_addr in;
-      in.s_addr = addrs[i];
-      tor_inet_ntoa(&in, answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
-      wildcard_increment_answer(answer_buf);
+    int i;
+    if (type == DNS_IPv4_A) {
+      const uint32_t *addrs = addresses;
+      for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1];
+        struct in_addr in;
+        in.s_addr = addrs[i];
+        tor_inet_ntoa(&in, answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
+        wildcard_increment_answer(answer_buf);
+      }
+    } else if (type == DNS_IPv6_AAAA) {
+      const struct in6_addr *addrs = addresses;
+      for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        char answer_buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN+1];
+        tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addrs[i], answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf));
+        wildcard_increment_answer(answer_buf);
+      }
     }
-    log(dns_wildcard_one_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
+
+    tor_log(dns_wildcard_one_notice_given ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_EXIT,
         "Your DNS provider gave an answer for \"%s\", which "
         "is not supposed to exist. Apparently they are hijacking "
         "DNS failures. Trying to correct for this. We've noticed %d "
@@ -1588,7 +1937,8 @@ evdns_wildcard_check_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl,
  * <b>min_len</b> and <b>max_len</b> random (plausible) characters followed by
  * <b>suffix</b> */
 static void
-launch_wildcard_check(int min_len, int max_len, const char *suffix)
+launch_wildcard_check(int min_len, int max_len, int is_ipv6,
+                      const char *suffix)
 {
   char *addr;
   struct evdns_request *req;
@@ -1598,7 +1948,15 @@ launch_wildcard_check(int min_len, int max_len, const char *suffix)
            "domains with request for bogus hostname \"%s\"", addr);
 
   tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
-  req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(
+  if (is_ipv6)
+    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(
+                         the_evdns_base,
+                         /* This "addr" tells us which address to resolve */
+                         addr,
+                         DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, evdns_wildcard_check_callback,
+                         /* This "addr" is an argument to the callback*/ addr);
+  else
+    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(
                          the_evdns_base,
                          /* This "addr" tells us which address to resolve */
                          addr,
@@ -1613,10 +1971,9 @@ launch_wildcard_check(int min_len, int max_len, const char *suffix)
 /** Launch attempts to resolve a bunch of known-good addresses (configured in
  * ServerDNSTestAddresses).  [Callback for a libevent timer] */
 static void
-launch_test_addresses(int fd, short event, void *args)
+launch_test_addresses(evutil_socket_t fd, short event, void *args)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  struct evdns_request *req;
   (void)fd;
   (void)event;
   (void)args;
@@ -1629,21 +1986,22 @@ launch_test_addresses(int fd, short event, void *args)
   /* This situation is worse than the failure-hijacking situation.  When this
    * happens, we're no good for DNS requests at all, and we shouldn't really
    * be an exit server.*/
-  if (!options->ServerDNSTestAddresses)
-    return;
-  tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses,
-                          const char *, address) {
-    char *a = tor_strdup(address);
-    req = evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(the_evdns_base,
-                              address, DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, evdns_callback, a);
+  if (options->ServerDNSTestAddresses) {
 
-    if (!req) {
-      log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected test address %s",
-               escaped_safe_str(address));
-      tor_free(a);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(address);
+    tor_assert(the_evdns_base);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(options->ServerDNSTestAddresses,
+                            const char *, address) {
+      if (launch_one_resolve(address, DNS_IPv4_A, NULL) < 0) {
+        log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected test address %s",
+                 escaped_safe_str(address));
+      }
+
+      if (launch_one_resolve(address, DNS_IPv6_AAAA, NULL) < 0) {
+        log_info(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected test address %s",
+                 escaped_safe_str(address));
+      }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(address);
+  }
 }
 
 #define N_WILDCARD_CHECKS 2
@@ -1655,27 +2013,29 @@ launch_test_addresses(int fd, short event, void *args)
 static void
 dns_launch_wildcard_checks(void)
 {
-  int i;
+  int i, ipv6;
   log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching checks to see whether our nameservers like "
            "to hijack DNS failures.");
-  for (i = 0; i < N_WILDCARD_CHECKS; ++i) {
-    /* RFC2606 reserves these.  Sadly, some DNS hijackers, in a silly attempt
-     * to 'comply' with rfc2606, refrain from giving A records for these.
-     * This is the standards-compliance equivalent of making sure that your
-     * crackhouse's elevator inspection certificate is up to date.
-     */
-    launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ".invalid");
-    launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ".test");
-
-    /* These will break specs if there are ever any number of
-     * 8+-character top-level domains. */
-    launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, "");
-
-    /* Try some random .com/org/net domains. This will work fine so long as
-     * not too many resolve to the same place. */
-    launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ".com");
-    launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ".org");
-    launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ".net");
+  for (ipv6 = 0; ipv6 <= 1; ++ipv6) {
+    for (i = 0; i < N_WILDCARD_CHECKS; ++i) {
+      /* RFC2606 reserves these.  Sadly, some DNS hijackers, in a silly
+       * attempt to 'comply' with rfc2606, refrain from giving A records for
+       * these.  This is the standards-compliance equivalent of making sure
+       * that your crackhouse's elevator inspection certificate is up to date.
+       */
+      launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ipv6, ".invalid");
+      launch_wildcard_check(2, 16, ipv6, ".test");
+
+      /* These will break specs if there are ever any number of
+       * 8+-character top-level domains. */
+      launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, "");
+
+      /* Try some random .com/org/net domains. This will work fine so long as
+       * not too many resolve to the same place. */
+      launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".com");
+      launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".org");
+      launch_wildcard_check(8, 16, ipv6, ".net");
+  }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1709,15 +2069,24 @@ dns_seems_to_be_broken(void)
   return dns_is_completely_invalid;
 }
 
+/** Return true iff we think that IPv6 hostname lookup is broken */
+int
+dns_seems_to_be_broken_for_ipv6(void)
+{
+  return dns_is_broken_for_ipv6;
+}
+
 /** Forget what we've previously learned about our DNS servers' correctness. */
 void
 dns_reset_correctness_checks(void)
 {
-  strmap_free(dns_wildcard_response_count, _tor_free);
+  strmap_free(dns_wildcard_response_count, tor_free_);
   dns_wildcard_response_count = NULL;
 
   n_wildcard_requests = 0;
 
+  n_ipv6_requests_made = n_ipv6_timeouts = 0;
+
   if (dns_wildcard_list) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dns_wildcard_list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
     smartlist_clear(dns_wildcard_list);
@@ -1728,7 +2097,8 @@ dns_reset_correctness_checks(void)
     smartlist_clear(dns_wildcarded_test_address_list);
   }
   dns_wildcard_one_notice_given = dns_wildcard_notice_given =
-    dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = dns_is_completely_invalid = 0;
+    dns_wildcarded_test_address_notice_given = dns_is_completely_invalid =
+    dns_is_broken_for_ipv6 = 0;
 }
 
 /** Return true iff we have noticed that the dotted-quad <b>ip</b> has been
@@ -1736,7 +2106,7 @@ dns_reset_correctness_checks(void)
 static int
 answer_is_wildcarded(const char *ip)
 {
-  return dns_wildcard_list && smartlist_string_isin(dns_wildcard_list, ip);
+  return dns_wildcard_list && smartlist_contains_string(dns_wildcard_list, ip);
 }
 
 /** Exit with an assertion if <b>resolve</b> is corrupt. */
@@ -1752,11 +2122,14 @@ assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve)
   }
   if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING ||
       resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_DONE) {
+#if 0
     tor_assert(!resolve->ttl);
     if (resolve->is_reverse)
-      tor_assert(!resolve->result.hostname);
+      tor_assert(!resolve->hostname);
     else
-      tor_assert(!resolve->result.a.addr);
+      tor_assert(!resolve->result_ipv4.addr_ipv4);
+#endif
+    /*XXXXX ADD MORE */
   }
 }
 
@@ -1779,15 +2152,15 @@ dump_dns_mem_usage(int severity)
   /* Print out the count and estimated size of our &cache_root.  It undercounts
      hostnames in cached reverse resolves.
    */
-  log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache has %d entries.", hash_count);
-  log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache size is approximately %u bytes.",
+  tor_log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache has %d entries.", hash_count);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_MM, "Our DNS cache size is approximately %u bytes.",
       (unsigned)hash_mem);
 }
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_DNS_CACHE
 /** Exit with an assertion if the DNS cache is corrupt. */
 static void
-_assert_cache_ok(void)
+assert_cache_ok_(void)
 {
   cached_resolve_t **resolve;
   int bad_rep = _cache_map_HT_REP_IS_BAD(&cache_root);
@@ -1804,7 +2177,7 @@ _assert_cache_ok(void)
     return;
 
   smartlist_pqueue_assert_ok(cached_resolve_pqueue,
-                             _compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry,
+                             compare_cached_resolves_by_expiry_,
                              STRUCT_OFFSET(cached_resolve_t, minheap_idx));
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cached_resolve_pqueue, cached_resolve_t *, res,
diff --git a/src/or/dns.h b/src/or/dns.h
index 8c8b476ac8..022cd4ac63 100644
--- a/src/or/dns.h
+++ b/src/or/dns.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for dns.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_DNS_H
-#define _TOR_DNS_H
+#ifndef TOR_DNS_H
+#define TOR_DNS_H
 
 int dns_init(void);
 int has_dns_init_failed(void);
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ void dns_cancel_pending_resolve(const char *question);
 int dns_resolve(edge_connection_t *exitconn);
 void dns_launch_correctness_checks(void);
 int dns_seems_to_be_broken(void);
+int dns_seems_to_be_broken_for_ipv6(void);
 void dns_reset_correctness_checks(void);
 void dump_dns_mem_usage(int severity);
 
diff --git a/src/or/dnsserv.c b/src/or/dnsserv.c
index 69adcef9ea..ebff7b524c 100644
--- a/src/or/dnsserv.c
+++ b/src/or/dnsserv.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
       continue;
     switch (req->questions[i]->type) {
       case EVDNS_TYPE_A:
+      case EVDNS_TYPE_AAAA:
       case EVDNS_TYPE_PTR:
         q = req->questions[i];
       default:
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
     evdns_server_request_respond(req, DNS_ERR_NOTIMPL);
     return;
   }
-  if (q->type != EVDNS_TYPE_A) {
+  if (q->type != EVDNS_TYPE_A && q->type != EVDNS_TYPE_AAAA) {
     tor_assert(q->type == EVDNS_TYPE_PTR);
   }
 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
   TO_CONN(conn)->port = port;
   TO_CONN(conn)->address = tor_dup_addr(&tor_addr);
 
-  if (q->type == EVDNS_TYPE_A)
+  if (q->type == EVDNS_TYPE_A || q->type == EVDNS_TYPE_AAAA)
     entry_conn->socks_request->command = SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE;
   else
     entry_conn->socks_request->command = SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE_PTR;
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
   strlcpy(entry_conn->socks_request->address, q->name,
           sizeof(entry_conn->socks_request->address));
 
-  entry_conn->socks_request->listener_type = listener->_base.type;
+  entry_conn->socks_request->listener_type = listener->base_.type;
   entry_conn->dns_server_request = req;
   entry_conn->isolation_flags = listener->isolation_flags;
   entry_conn->session_group = listener->session_group;
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
     return;
   }
 
-  control_event_stream_status(entry_conn, STREAM_EVENT_NEW, 0);
+  control_event_stream_status(entry_conn, STREAM_EVENT_NEW_RESOLVE, 0);
 
   /* Now, unless a controller asked us to leave streams unattached,
   * throw the connection over to get rewritten (which will
@@ -169,7 +170,8 @@ evdns_server_callback(struct evdns_server_request *req, void *data_)
  * response; -1 if we couldn't launch the request.
  */
 int
-dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int reverse)
+dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int reverse,
+                       control_connection_t *control_conn)
 {
   entry_connection_t *entry_conn;
   edge_connection_t *conn;
@@ -178,7 +180,26 @@ dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int reverse)
   /* Make a new dummy AP connection, and attach the request to it. */
   entry_conn = entry_connection_new(CONN_TYPE_AP, AF_INET);
   conn = ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(entry_conn);
-  conn->_base.state = AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT;
+  conn->base_.state = AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT;
+
+  tor_addr_copy(&TO_CONN(conn)->addr, &control_conn->base_.addr);
+#ifdef AF_UNIX
+  /*
+   * The control connection can be AF_UNIX and if so tor_dup_addr will
+   * unhelpfully say "<unknown address type>"; say "(Tor_internal)"
+   * instead.
+   */
+  if (control_conn->base_.socket_family == AF_UNIX) {
+    TO_CONN(conn)->port = 0;
+    TO_CONN(conn)->address = tor_strdup("(Tor_internal)");
+  } else {
+    TO_CONN(conn)->port = control_conn->base_.port;
+    TO_CONN(conn)->address = tor_dup_addr(&control_conn->base_.addr);
+  }
+#else
+  TO_CONN(conn)->port = control_conn->base_.port;
+  TO_CONN(conn)->address = tor_dup_addr(&control_conn->base_.addr);
+#endif
 
   if (reverse)
     entry_conn->socks_request->command = SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE_PTR;
@@ -202,6 +223,8 @@ dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int reverse)
     return -1;
   }
 
+  control_event_stream_status(entry_conn, STREAM_EVENT_NEW_RESOLVE, 0);
+
   /* Now, unless a controller asked us to leave streams unattached,
   * throw the connection over to get rewritten (which will
   * answer it immediately if it's in the cache, or completely bogus, or
@@ -289,8 +312,9 @@ dnsserv_resolved(entry_connection_t *conn,
    * or more of the questions in the request); then, call
    * evdns_server_request_respond. */
   if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6) {
-    log_info(LD_APP, "Got an IPv6 answer; that's not implemented.");
-    err = DNS_ERR_NOTIMPL;
+    evdns_server_request_add_aaaa_reply(req,
+                                        name,
+                                        1, answer, ttl);
   } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len == 4 &&
              conn->socks_request->command == SOCKS_COMMAND_RESOLVE) {
     evdns_server_request_add_a_reply(req,
diff --git a/src/or/dnsserv.h b/src/or/dnsserv.h
index 3aaa038d2b..687a77e59e 100644
--- a/src/or/dnsserv.h
+++ b/src/or/dnsserv.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for dnsserv.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_DNSSERV_H
-#define _TOR_DNSSERV_H
+#ifndef TOR_DNSSERV_H
+#define TOR_DNSSERV_H
 
 void dnsserv_configure_listener(connection_t *conn);
 void dnsserv_close_listener(connection_t *conn);
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ void dnsserv_resolved(entry_connection_t *conn,
                       const char *answer,
                       int ttl);
 void dnsserv_reject_request(entry_connection_t *conn);
-int dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int is_reverse);
+int dnsserv_launch_request(const char *name, int is_reverse,
+                           control_connection_t *control_conn);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/entrynodes.c b/src/or/entrynodes.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59770fa658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/entrynodes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2259 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file entrynodes.c
+ * \brief Code to manage our fixed first nodes for various functions.
+ *
+ * Entry nodes can be guards (for general use) or bridges (for censorship
+ * circumvention).
+ **/
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "connection_or.h"
+#include "control.h"
+#include "directory.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
+#include "main.h"
+#include "microdesc.h"
+#include "networkstatus.h"
+#include "nodelist.h"
+#include "policies.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+#include "transports.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
+
+/** Information about a configured bridge. Currently this just matches the
+ * ones in the torrc file, but one day we may be able to learn about new
+ * bridges on our own, and remember them in the state file. */
+typedef struct {
+  /** Address of the bridge. */
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  /** TLS port for the bridge. */
+  uint16_t port;
+  /** Boolean: We are re-parsing our bridge list, and we are going to remove
+   * this one if we don't find it in the list of configured bridges. */
+  unsigned marked_for_removal : 1;
+  /** Expected identity digest, or all zero bytes if we don't know what the
+   * digest should be. */
+  char identity[DIGEST_LEN];
+
+  /** Name of pluggable transport protocol taken from its config line. */
+  char *transport_name;
+
+  /** When should we next try to fetch a descriptor for this bridge? */
+  download_status_t fetch_status;
+} bridge_info_t;
+
+/** A list of our chosen entry guards. */
+static smartlist_t *entry_guards = NULL;
+/** A value of 1 means that the entry_guards list has changed
+ * and those changes need to be flushed to disk. */
+static int entry_guards_dirty = 0;
+
+static void bridge_free(bridge_info_t *bridge);
+static const node_t *choose_random_entry_impl(cpath_build_state_t *state,
+                                              int for_directory,
+                                              dirinfo_type_t dirtype);
+
+/** Return the list of entry guards, creating it if necessary. */
+const smartlist_t *
+get_entry_guards(void)
+{
+  if (! entry_guards)
+    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+  return entry_guards;
+}
+
+/** Check whether the entry guard <b>e</b> is usable, given the directory
+ * authorities' opinion about the router (stored in <b>ri</b>) and the user's
+ * configuration (in <b>options</b>). Set <b>e</b>-&gt;bad_since
+ * accordingly. Return true iff the entry guard's status changes.
+ *
+ * If it's not usable, set *<b>reason</b> to a static string explaining why.
+ */
+static int
+entry_guard_set_status(entry_guard_t *e, const node_t *node,
+                       time_t now, const or_options_t *options,
+                       const char **reason)
+{
+  char buf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+  int changed = 0;
+
+  *reason = NULL;
+
+  /* Do we want to mark this guard as bad? */
+  if (!node)
+    *reason = "unlisted";
+  else if (!node->is_running)
+    *reason = "down";
+  else if (options->UseBridges && (!node->ri ||
+                                   node->ri->purpose != ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE))
+    *reason = "not a bridge";
+  else if (options->UseBridges && !node_is_a_configured_bridge(node))
+    *reason = "not a configured bridge";
+  else if (!options->UseBridges && !node->is_possible_guard &&
+           !routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes,node))
+    *reason = "not recommended as a guard";
+  else if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeNodes, node))
+    *reason = "excluded";
+  else if (e->path_bias_disabled)
+    *reason = "path-biased";
+
+  if (*reason && ! e->bad_since) {
+    /* Router is newly bad. */
+    base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard %s (%s) is %s: marking as unusable.",
+             e->nickname, buf, *reason);
+
+    e->bad_since = now;
+    control_event_guard(e->nickname, e->identity, "BAD");
+    changed = 1;
+  } else if (!*reason && e->bad_since) {
+    /* There's nothing wrong with the router any more. */
+    base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard %s (%s) is no longer unusable: "
+             "marking as ok.", e->nickname, buf);
+
+    e->bad_since = 0;
+    control_event_guard(e->nickname, e->identity, "GOOD");
+    changed = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (node) {
+    int is_dir = node_is_dir(node) && node->rs &&
+      node->rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache;
+    if (options->UseBridges && node_is_a_configured_bridge(node))
+      is_dir = 1;
+    if (e->is_dir_cache != is_dir) {
+      e->is_dir_cache = is_dir;
+      changed = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return changed;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff enough time has passed since we last tried to connect
+ * to the unreachable guard <b>e</b> that we're willing to try again. */
+static int
+entry_is_time_to_retry(entry_guard_t *e, time_t now)
+{
+  long diff;
+  if (e->last_attempted < e->unreachable_since)
+    return 1;
+  diff = now - e->unreachable_since;
+  if (diff < 6*60*60)
+    return now > (e->last_attempted + 60*60);
+  else if (diff < 3*24*60*60)
+    return now > (e->last_attempted + 4*60*60);
+  else if (diff < 7*24*60*60)
+    return now > (e->last_attempted + 18*60*60);
+  else
+    return now > (e->last_attempted + 36*60*60);
+}
+
+/** Return the node corresponding to <b>e</b>, if <b>e</b> is
+ * working well enough that we are willing to use it as an entry
+ * right now. (Else return NULL.) In particular, it must be
+ * - Listed as either up or never yet contacted;
+ * - Present in the routerlist;
+ * - Listed as 'stable' or 'fast' by the current dirserver consensus,
+ *   if demanded by <b>need_uptime</b> or <b>need_capacity</b>
+ *   (unless it's a configured EntryNode);
+ * - Allowed by our current ReachableORAddresses config option; and
+ * - Currently thought to be reachable by us (unless <b>assume_reachable</b>
+ *   is true).
+ *
+ * If the answer is no, set *<b>msg</b> to an explanation of why.
+ *
+ * If need_descriptor is true, only return the node if we currently have
+ * a descriptor (routerinfo or microdesc) for it.
+ */
+static INLINE const node_t *
+entry_is_live(entry_guard_t *e, int need_uptime, int need_capacity,
+              int assume_reachable, int need_descriptor, const char **msg)
+{
+  const node_t *node;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  tor_assert(msg);
+
+  if (e->path_bias_disabled) {
+    *msg = "path-biased";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (e->bad_since) {
+    *msg = "bad";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  /* no good if it's unreachable, unless assume_unreachable or can_retry. */
+  if (!assume_reachable && !e->can_retry &&
+      e->unreachable_since && !entry_is_time_to_retry(e, time(NULL))) {
+    *msg = "unreachable";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
+  if (!node) {
+    *msg = "no node info";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (need_descriptor && !node_has_descriptor(node)) {
+    *msg = "no descriptor";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (get_options()->UseBridges) {
+    if (node_get_purpose(node) != ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE) {
+      *msg = "not a bridge";
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!node_is_a_configured_bridge(node)) {
+      *msg = "not a configured bridge";
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  } else { /* !get_options()->UseBridges */
+    if (node_get_purpose(node) != ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL) {
+      *msg = "not general-purpose";
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  if (routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes, node)) {
+    /* they asked for it, they get it */
+    need_uptime = need_capacity = 0;
+  }
+  if (node_is_unreliable(node, need_uptime, need_capacity, 0)) {
+    *msg = "not fast/stable";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!fascist_firewall_allows_node(node)) {
+    *msg = "unreachable by config";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return node;
+}
+
+/** Return the number of entry guards that we think are usable. */
+int
+num_live_entry_guards(int for_directory)
+{
+  int n = 0;
+  const char *msg;
+  if (! entry_guards)
+    return 0;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
+      if (for_directory && !entry->is_dir_cache)
+        continue;
+      if (entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, !for_directory, &msg))
+        ++n;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
+  return n;
+}
+
+/** If <b>digest</b> matches the identity of any node in the
+ * entry_guards list, return that node. Else return NULL. */
+entry_guard_t *
+entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest)
+{
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
+                    if (tor_memeq(digest, entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN))
+                      return entry;
+                   );
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Dump a description of our list of entry guards to the log at level
+ * <b>severity</b>. */
+static void
+log_entry_guards(int severity)
+{
+  smartlist_t *elements = smartlist_new();
+  char *s;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e)
+    {
+      const char *msg = NULL;
+      if (entry_is_live(e, 0, 1, 0, 0, &msg))
+        smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s [%s] (up %s)",
+                     e->nickname,
+                     hex_str(e->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                     e->made_contact ? "made-contact" : "never-contacted");
+      else
+        smartlist_add_asprintf(elements, "%s [%s] (%s, %s)",
+                     e->nickname,
+                     hex_str(e->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+                     msg,
+                     e->made_contact ? "made-contact" : "never-contacted");
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+
+  s = smartlist_join_strings(elements, ",", 0, NULL);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(elements, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(elements);
+  log_fn(severity,LD_CIRC,"%s",s);
+  tor_free(s);
+}
+
+/** Called when one or more guards that we would previously have used for some
+ * purpose are no longer in use because a higher-priority guard has become
+ * usable again. */
+static void
+control_event_guard_deferred(void)
+{
+  /* XXXX We don't actually have a good way to figure out _how many_ entries
+   * are live for some purpose.  We need an entry_is_even_slightly_live()
+   * function for this to work right.  NumEntryGuards isn't reliable: if we
+   * need guards with weird properties, we can have more than that number
+   * live.
+   **/
+#if 0
+  int n = 0;
+  const char *msg;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  if (!entry_guards)
+    return;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry,
+    {
+      if (entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, &msg)) {
+        if (n++ == options->NumEntryGuards) {
+          control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DEFERRED");
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Largest amount that we'll backdate chosen_on_date */
+#define CHOSEN_ON_DATE_SLOP (30*86400)
+
+/** Add a new (preferably stable and fast) router to our
+ * entry_guards list. Return a pointer to the router if we succeed,
+ * or NULL if we can't find any more suitable entries.
+ *
+ * If <b>chosen</b> is defined, use that one, and if it's not
+ * already in our entry_guards list, put it at the *beginning*.
+ * Else, put the one we pick at the end of the list. */
+static const node_t *
+add_an_entry_guard(const node_t *chosen, int reset_status, int prepend,
+                   int for_discovery, int for_directory)
+{
+  const node_t *node;
+  entry_guard_t *entry;
+
+  if (chosen) {
+    node = chosen;
+    entry = entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(node->identity);
+    if (entry) {
+      if (reset_status) {
+        entry->bad_since = 0;
+        entry->can_retry = 1;
+      }
+      entry->is_dir_cache = node->rs &&
+        node->rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache;
+      if (get_options()->UseBridges && node_is_a_configured_bridge(node))
+        entry->is_dir_cache = 1;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  } else if (!for_directory) {
+    node = choose_good_entry_server(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_GENERAL, NULL);
+    if (!node)
+      return NULL;
+  } else {
+    const routerstatus_t *rs;
+    rs = router_pick_directory_server(MICRODESC_DIRINFO|V3_DIRINFO,
+                              PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_|PDS_FOR_GUARD);
+    if (!rs)
+      return NULL;
+    node = node_get_by_id(rs->identity_digest);
+    if (!node)
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  if (node->using_as_guard)
+    return NULL;
+  if (entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(node->identity) != NULL) {
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "I was about to add a duplicate entry guard.");
+    /* This can happen if we choose a guard, then the node goes away, then
+     * comes back. */
+    ((node_t*) node)->using_as_guard = 1;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  entry = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(entry_guard_t));
+  log_info(LD_CIRC, "Chose %s as new entry guard.",
+           node_describe(node));
+  strlcpy(entry->nickname, node_get_nickname(node), sizeof(entry->nickname));
+  memcpy(entry->identity, node->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+  entry->is_dir_cache = node_is_dir(node) &&
+    node->rs && node->rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache;
+  if (get_options()->UseBridges && node_is_a_configured_bridge(node))
+    entry->is_dir_cache = 1;
+
+  /* Choose expiry time smudged over the past month. The goal here
+   * is to a) spread out when Tor clients rotate their guards, so they
+   * don't all select them on the same day, and b) avoid leaving a
+   * precise timestamp in the state file about when we first picked
+   * this guard. For details, see the Jan 2010 or-dev thread. */
+  entry->chosen_on_date = time(NULL) - crypto_rand_int(3600*24*30);
+  entry->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(VERSION);
+
+  /* Are we picking this guard because all of our current guards are
+   * down so we need another one (for_discovery is 1), or because we
+   * decided we need more variety in our guard list (for_discovery is 0)?
+   *
+   * Currently we hack this behavior into place by setting "made_contact"
+   * for guards of the latter variety, so we'll be willing to use any of
+   * them right off the bat.
+   */
+  if (!for_discovery)
+    entry->made_contact = 1;
+
+  ((node_t*)node)->using_as_guard = 1;
+  if (prepend)
+    smartlist_insert(entry_guards, 0, entry);
+  else
+    smartlist_add(entry_guards, entry);
+  control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "NEW");
+  control_event_guard_deferred();
+  log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+  return node;
+}
+
+/** Choose how many entry guards or directory guards we'll use. If
+ * <b>for_directory</b> is true, we return how many directory guards to
+ * use; else we return how many entry guards to use. */
+static int
+decide_num_guards(const or_options_t *options, int for_directory)
+{
+  if (for_directory && options->NumDirectoryGuards != 0)
+    return options->NumDirectoryGuards;
+  return options->NumEntryGuards;
+}
+
+/** If the use of entry guards is configured, choose more entry guards
+ * until we have enough in the list. */
+static void
+pick_entry_guards(const or_options_t *options, int for_directory)
+{
+  int changed = 0;
+  const int num_needed = decide_num_guards(options, for_directory);
+
+  tor_assert(entry_guards);
+
+  while (num_live_entry_guards(for_directory) < num_needed) {
+    if (!add_an_entry_guard(NULL, 0, 0, 0, for_directory))
+      break;
+    changed = 1;
+  }
+  if (changed)
+    entry_guards_changed();
+}
+
+/** How long (in seconds) do we allow an entry guard to be nonfunctional,
+ * unlisted, excluded, or otherwise nonusable before we give up on it? */
+#define ENTRY_GUARD_REMOVE_AFTER (30*24*60*60)
+
+/** Release all storage held by <b>e</b>. */
+static void
+entry_guard_free(entry_guard_t *e)
+{
+  if (!e)
+    return;
+  tor_free(e->chosen_by_version);
+  tor_free(e);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the minimum lifetime of working entry guard, in seconds,
+ * as given in the consensus networkstatus.  (Plus CHOSEN_ON_DATE_SLOP,
+ * so that we can do the chosen_on_date randomization while achieving the
+ * desired minimum lifetime.)
+ */
+static int32_t
+guards_get_lifetime(void)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+#define DFLT_GUARD_LIFETIME (86400 * 60)   /* Two months. */
+#define MIN_GUARD_LIFETIME  (86400 * 30)   /* One months. */
+#define MAX_GUARD_LIFETIME  (86400 * 1826) /* Five years. */
+
+  if (options->GuardLifetime >= 1) {
+    return CLAMP(MIN_GUARD_LIFETIME,
+                 options->GuardLifetime,
+                 MAX_GUARD_LIFETIME) + CHOSEN_ON_DATE_SLOP;
+  }
+
+  return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "GuardLifetime",
+                                 DFLT_GUARD_LIFETIME,
+                                 MIN_GUARD_LIFETIME,
+                                 MAX_GUARD_LIFETIME) + CHOSEN_ON_DATE_SLOP;
+}
+
+/** Remove any entry guard which was selected by an unknown version of Tor,
+ * or which was selected by a version of Tor that's known to select
+ * entry guards badly, or which was selected more 2 months ago. */
+/* XXXX The "obsolete guards" and "chosen long ago guards" things should
+ * probably be different functions. */
+static int
+remove_obsolete_entry_guards(time_t now)
+{
+  int changed = 0, i;
+  int32_t guard_lifetime = guards_get_lifetime();
+
+  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(entry_guards); ++i) {
+    entry_guard_t *entry = smartlist_get(entry_guards, i);
+    const char *ver = entry->chosen_by_version;
+    const char *msg = NULL;
+    tor_version_t v;
+    int version_is_bad = 0, date_is_bad = 0;
+    if (!ver) {
+      msg = "does not say what version of Tor it was selected by";
+      version_is_bad = 1;
+    } else if (tor_version_parse(ver, &v)) {
+      msg = "does not seem to be from any recognized version of Tor";
+      version_is_bad = 1;
+    } else {
+      char *tor_ver = NULL;
+      tor_asprintf(&tor_ver, "Tor %s", ver);
+      if ((tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.1.0.10-alpha") &&
+           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.1.2.16-dev")) ||
+          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.0.0-alpha") &&
+           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.0.6-alpha")) ||
+          /* above are bug 440; below are bug 1217 */
+          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.1.3-alpha") &&
+           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.1.23")) ||
+          (tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.2.0-alpha") &&
+           !tor_version_as_new_as(tor_ver, "0.2.2.7-alpha"))) {
+        msg = "was selected without regard for guard bandwidth";
+        version_is_bad = 1;
+      }
+      tor_free(tor_ver);
+    }
+    if (!version_is_bad && entry->chosen_on_date + guard_lifetime < now) {
+      /* It's been too long since the date listed in our state file. */
+      msg = "was selected several months ago";
+      date_is_bad = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (version_is_bad || date_is_bad) { /* we need to drop it */
+      char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+      tor_assert(msg);
+      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+      log_fn(version_is_bad ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_INFO, LD_CIRC,
+             "Entry guard '%s' (%s) %s. (Version=%s.) Replacing it.",
+             entry->nickname, dbuf, msg, ver?escaped(ver):"none");
+      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
+      entry_guard_free(entry);
+      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, i--);
+      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+      changed = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return changed ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/** Remove all entry guards that have been down or unlisted for so
+ * long that we don't think they'll come up again. Return 1 if we
+ * removed any, or 0 if we did nothing. */
+static int
+remove_dead_entry_guards(time_t now)
+{
+  char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+  char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+  int i;
+  int changed = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(entry_guards); ) {
+    entry_guard_t *entry = smartlist_get(entry_guards, i);
+    if (entry->bad_since &&
+        ! entry->path_bias_disabled &&
+        entry->bad_since + ENTRY_GUARD_REMOVE_AFTER < now) {
+
+      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+      format_local_iso_time(tbuf, entry->bad_since);
+      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard '%s' (%s) has been down or unlisted "
+               "since %s local time; removing.",
+               entry->nickname, dbuf, tbuf);
+      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
+      entry_guard_free(entry);
+      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, i);
+      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+      changed = 1;
+    } else
+      ++i;
+  }
+  return changed ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/** A new directory or router-status has arrived; update the down/listed
+ * status of the entry guards.
+ *
+ * An entry is 'down' if the directory lists it as nonrunning.
+ * An entry is 'unlisted' if the directory doesn't include it.
+ *
+ * Don't call this on startup; only on a fresh download. Otherwise we'll
+ * think that things are unlisted.
+ */
+void
+entry_guards_compute_status(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
+{
+  int changed = 0;
+  digestmap_t *reasons;
+
+  if (! entry_guards)
+    return;
+
+  if (options->EntryNodes) /* reshuffle the entry guard list if needed */
+    entry_nodes_should_be_added();
+
+  reasons = digestmap_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry)
+    {
+      const node_t *r = node_get_by_id(entry->identity);
+      const char *reason = NULL;
+      if (entry_guard_set_status(entry, r, now, options, &reason))
+        changed = 1;
+
+      if (entry->bad_since)
+        tor_assert(reason);
+      if (reason)
+        digestmap_set(reasons, entry->identity, (char*)reason);
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
+
+  if (remove_dead_entry_guards(now))
+    changed = 1;
+  if (remove_obsolete_entry_guards(now))
+    changed = 1;
+
+  if (changed) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
+      const char *reason = digestmap_get(reasons, entry->identity);
+      const char *live_msg = "";
+      const node_t *r = entry_is_live(entry, 0, 1, 0, 0, &live_msg);
+      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Summary: Entry %s [%s] is %s, %s%s%s, and %s%s.",
+               entry->nickname,
+               hex_str(entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN),
+               entry->unreachable_since ? "unreachable" : "reachable",
+               entry->bad_since ? "unusable" : "usable",
+               reason ? ", ": "",
+               reason ? reason : "",
+               r ? "live" : "not live / ",
+               r ? "" : live_msg);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
+    log_info(LD_CIRC, "    (%d/%d entry guards are usable/new)",
+             num_live_entry_guards(0), smartlist_len(entry_guards));
+    log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  }
+
+  digestmap_free(reasons, NULL);
+}
+
+/** Called when a connection to an OR with the identity digest <b>digest</b>
+ * is established (<b>succeeded</b>==1) or has failed (<b>succeeded</b>==0).
+ * If the OR is an entry, change that entry's up/down status.
+ * Return 0 normally, or -1 if we want to tear down the new connection.
+ *
+ * If <b>mark_relay_status</b>, also call router_set_status() on this
+ * relay.
+ *
+ * XXX024 change succeeded and mark_relay_status into 'int flags'.
+ */
+int
+entry_guard_register_connect_status(const char *digest, int succeeded,
+                                    int mark_relay_status, time_t now)
+{
+  int changed = 0;
+  int refuse_conn = 0;
+  int first_contact = 0;
+  entry_guard_t *entry = NULL;
+  int idx = -1;
+  char buf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+
+  if (! entry_guards)
+    return 0;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+    tor_assert(e);
+    if (tor_memeq(e->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
+      entry = e;
+      idx = e_sl_idx;
+      break;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+
+  if (!entry)
+    return 0;
+
+  base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), entry->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  if (succeeded) {
+    if (entry->unreachable_since) {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Entry guard '%s' (%s) is now reachable again. Good.",
+               entry->nickname, buf);
+      entry->can_retry = 0;
+      entry->unreachable_since = 0;
+      entry->last_attempted = now;
+      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "UP");
+      changed = 1;
+    }
+    if (!entry->made_contact) {
+      entry->made_contact = 1;
+      first_contact = changed = 1;
+    }
+  } else { /* ! succeeded */
+    if (!entry->made_contact) {
+      /* We've never connected to this one. */
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Connection to never-contacted entry guard '%s' (%s) failed. "
+               "Removing from the list. %d/%d entry guards usable/new.",
+               entry->nickname, buf,
+               num_live_entry_guards(0)-1, smartlist_len(entry_guards)-1);
+      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DROPPED");
+      entry_guard_free(entry);
+      smartlist_del_keeporder(entry_guards, idx);
+      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+      changed = 1;
+    } else if (!entry->unreachable_since) {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC, "Unable to connect to entry guard '%s' (%s). "
+               "Marking as unreachable.", entry->nickname, buf);
+      entry->unreachable_since = entry->last_attempted = now;
+      control_event_guard(entry->nickname, entry->identity, "DOWN");
+      changed = 1;
+      entry->can_retry = 0; /* We gave it an early chance; no good. */
+    } else {
+      char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+      format_iso_time(tbuf, entry->unreachable_since);
+      log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Failed to connect to unreachable entry guard "
+                "'%s' (%s).  It has been unreachable since %s.",
+                entry->nickname, buf, tbuf);
+      entry->last_attempted = now;
+      entry->can_retry = 0; /* We gave it an early chance; no good. */
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* if the caller asked us to, also update the is_running flags for this
+   * relay */
+  if (mark_relay_status)
+    router_set_status(digest, succeeded);
+
+  if (first_contact) {
+    /* We've just added a new long-term entry guard. Perhaps the network just
+     * came back? We should give our earlier entries another try too,
+     * and close this connection so we don't use it before we've given
+     * the others a shot. */
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+        if (e == entry)
+          break;
+        if (e->made_contact) {
+          const char *msg;
+          const node_t *r = entry_is_live(e, 0, 1, 1, 0, &msg);
+          if (r && e->unreachable_since) {
+            refuse_conn = 1;
+            e->can_retry = 1;
+          }
+        }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+    if (refuse_conn) {
+      log_info(LD_CIRC,
+               "Connected to new entry guard '%s' (%s). Marking earlier "
+               "entry guards up. %d/%d entry guards usable/new.",
+               entry->nickname, buf,
+               num_live_entry_guards(0), smartlist_len(entry_guards));
+      log_entry_guards(LOG_INFO);
+      changed = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (changed)
+    entry_guards_changed();
+  return refuse_conn ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/** When we try to choose an entry guard, should we parse and add
+ * config's EntryNodes first? */
+static int should_add_entry_nodes = 0;
+
+/** Called when the value of EntryNodes changes in our configuration. */
+void
+entry_nodes_should_be_added(void)
+{
+  log_info(LD_CIRC, "EntryNodes config option set. Putting configured "
+           "relays at the front of the entry guard list.");
+  should_add_entry_nodes = 1;
+}
+
+/** Update the using_as_guard fields of all the nodes. We do this after we
+ * remove entry guards from the list: This is the only function that clears
+ * the using_as_guard field. */
+static void
+update_node_guard_status(void)
+{
+  smartlist_t *nodes = nodelist_get_list();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodes, node_t *, node, node->using_as_guard = 0);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
+    node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(entry->identity);
+    if (node)
+      node->using_as_guard = 1;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
+}
+
+/** Adjust the entry guards list so that it only contains entries from
+ * EntryNodes, adding new entries from EntryNodes to the list as needed. */
+static void
+entry_guards_set_from_config(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  smartlist_t *entry_nodes, *worse_entry_nodes, *entry_fps;
+  smartlist_t *old_entry_guards_on_list, *old_entry_guards_not_on_list;
+  tor_assert(entry_guards);
+
+  should_add_entry_nodes = 0;
+
+  if (!options->EntryNodes) {
+    /* It's possible that a controller set EntryNodes, thus making
+     * should_add_entry_nodes set, then cleared it again, all before the
+     * call to choose_random_entry() that triggered us. If so, just return.
+     */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  {
+    char *string = routerset_to_string(options->EntryNodes);
+    log_info(LD_CIRC,"Adding configured EntryNodes '%s'.", string);
+    tor_free(string);
+  }
+
+  entry_nodes = smartlist_new();
+  worse_entry_nodes = smartlist_new();
+  entry_fps = smartlist_new();
+  old_entry_guards_on_list = smartlist_new();
+  old_entry_guards_not_on_list = smartlist_new();
+
+  /* Split entry guards into those on the list and those not. */
+
+  routerset_get_all_nodes(entry_nodes, options->EntryNodes,
+                          options->ExcludeNodes, 0);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_nodes, const node_t *,node,
+                    smartlist_add(entry_fps, (void*)node->identity));
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e, {
+    if (smartlist_contains_digest(entry_fps, e->identity))
+      smartlist_add(old_entry_guards_on_list, e);
+    else
+      smartlist_add(old_entry_guards_not_on_list, e);
+  });
+
+  /* Remove all currently configured guard nodes, excluded nodes, unreachable
+   * nodes, or non-Guard nodes from entry_nodes. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_nodes, const node_t *, node) {
+    if (entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(node->identity)) {
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
+      continue;
+    } else if (routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeNodes, node)) {
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
+      continue;
+    } else if (!fascist_firewall_allows_node(node)) {
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
+      continue;
+    } else if (! node->is_possible_guard) {
+      smartlist_add(worse_entry_nodes, (node_t*)node);
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(entry_nodes, node);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
+
+  /* Now build the new entry_guards list. */
+  smartlist_clear(entry_guards);
+  /* First, the previously configured guards that are in EntryNodes. */
+  smartlist_add_all(entry_guards, old_entry_guards_on_list);
+  /* Next, scramble the rest of EntryNodes, putting the guards first. */
+  smartlist_shuffle(entry_nodes);
+  smartlist_shuffle(worse_entry_nodes);
+  smartlist_add_all(entry_nodes, worse_entry_nodes);
+
+  /* Next, the rest of EntryNodes */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_nodes, const node_t *, node) {
+    add_an_entry_guard(node, 0, 0, 1, 0);
+    if (smartlist_len(entry_guards) > options->NumEntryGuards * 10)
+      break;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
+  log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "%d entries in guards", smartlist_len(entry_guards));
+  /* Finally, free the remaining previously configured guards that are not in
+   * EntryNodes. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(old_entry_guards_not_on_list, entry_guard_t *, e,
+                    entry_guard_free(e));
+
+  update_node_guard_status();
+
+  smartlist_free(entry_nodes);
+  smartlist_free(worse_entry_nodes);
+  smartlist_free(entry_fps);
+  smartlist_free(old_entry_guards_on_list);
+  smartlist_free(old_entry_guards_not_on_list);
+  entry_guards_changed();
+}
+
+/** Return 0 if we're fine adding arbitrary routers out of the
+ * directory to our entry guard list, or return 1 if we have a
+ * list already and we must stick to it.
+ */
+int
+entry_list_is_constrained(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  if (options->EntryNodes)
+    return 1;
+  if (options->UseBridges)
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff this node can answer directory questions about
+ * microdescriptors. */
+static int
+node_understands_microdescriptors(const node_t *node)
+{
+  tor_assert(node);
+  if (node->rs && node->rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache)
+    return 1;
+  if (node->ri && tor_version_supports_microdescriptors(node->ri->platform))
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>node</b> is able to answer directory questions
+ * of type <b>dirinfo</b>. */
+static int
+node_can_handle_dirinfo(const node_t *node, dirinfo_type_t dirinfo)
+{
+  /* Checking dirinfo for any type other than microdescriptors isn't required
+     yet, since we only choose directory guards that can support microdescs,
+     routerinfos, and networkstatuses, AND we don't use directory guards if
+     we're configured to do direct downloads of anything else. The only case
+     where we might have a guard that doesn't know about a type of directory
+     information is when we're retrieving directory information from a
+     bridge. */
+
+  if ((dirinfo & MICRODESC_DIRINFO) &&
+      !node_understands_microdescriptors(node))
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/** Pick a live (up and listed) entry guard from entry_guards. If
+ * <b>state</b> is non-NULL, this is for a specific circuit --
+ * make sure not to pick this circuit's exit or any node in the
+ * exit's family. If <b>state</b> is NULL, we're looking for a random
+ * guard (likely a bridge).  If <b>dirinfo</b> is not NO_DIRINFO, then
+ * only select from nodes that know how to answer directory questions
+ * of that type. */
+const node_t *
+choose_random_entry(cpath_build_state_t *state)
+{
+  return choose_random_entry_impl(state, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/** Pick a live (up and listed) directory guard from entry_guards for
+ * downloading information of type <b>type</b>. */
+const node_t *
+choose_random_dirguard(dirinfo_type_t type)
+{
+  return choose_random_entry_impl(NULL, 1, type);
+}
+
+/** Helper for choose_random{entry,dirguard}. */
+static const node_t *
+choose_random_entry_impl(cpath_build_state_t *state, int for_directory,
+                         dirinfo_type_t dirinfo_type)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  smartlist_t *live_entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_t *exit_family = smartlist_new();
+  const node_t *chosen_exit =
+    state?build_state_get_exit_node(state) : NULL;
+  const node_t *node = NULL;
+  int need_uptime = state ? state->need_uptime : 0;
+  int need_capacity = state ? state->need_capacity : 0;
+  int preferred_min, consider_exit_family = 0;
+  int need_descriptor = !for_directory;
+  const int num_needed = decide_num_guards(options, for_directory);
+
+  if (chosen_exit) {
+    nodelist_add_node_and_family(exit_family, chosen_exit);
+    consider_exit_family = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!entry_guards)
+    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+
+  if (should_add_entry_nodes)
+    entry_guards_set_from_config(options);
+
+  if (!entry_list_is_constrained(options) &&
+      smartlist_len(entry_guards) < num_needed)
+    pick_entry_guards(options, for_directory);
+
+ retry:
+  smartlist_clear(live_entry_guards);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, entry) {
+      const char *msg;
+      node = entry_is_live(entry, need_uptime, need_capacity, 0,
+                           need_descriptor, &msg);
+      if (!node)
+        continue; /* down, no point */
+      if (for_directory) {
+        if (!entry->is_dir_cache)
+          continue; /* We need a directory and didn't get one. */
+      }
+      if (node == chosen_exit)
+        continue; /* don't pick the same node for entry and exit */
+      if (consider_exit_family && smartlist_contains(exit_family, node))
+        continue; /* avoid relays that are family members of our exit */
+      if (dirinfo_type != NO_DIRINFO &&
+          !node_can_handle_dirinfo(node, dirinfo_type))
+        continue; /* this node won't be able to answer our dir questions */
+#if 0 /* since EntryNodes is always strict now, this clause is moot */
+      if (options->EntryNodes &&
+          !routerset_contains_node(options->EntryNodes, node)) {
+        /* We've come to the end of our preferred entry nodes. */
+        if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards))
+          goto choose_and_finish; /* only choose from the ones we like */
+        if (options->StrictNodes) {
+          /* in theory this case should never happen, since
+           * entry_guards_set_from_config() drops unwanted relays */
+          tor_fragile_assert();
+        } else {
+          log_info(LD_CIRC,
+                   "No relays from EntryNodes available. Using others.");
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+      smartlist_add(live_entry_guards, (void*)node);
+      if (!entry->made_contact) {
+        /* Always start with the first not-yet-contacted entry
+         * guard. Otherwise we might add several new ones, pick
+         * the second new one, and now we've expanded our entry
+         * guard list without needing to. */
+        goto choose_and_finish;
+      }
+      if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards) >= num_needed)
+        goto choose_and_finish; /* we have enough */
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(entry);
+
+  if (entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
+    /* If we prefer the entry nodes we've got, and we have at least
+     * one choice, that's great. Use it. */
+    preferred_min = 1;
+  } else {
+    /* Try to have at least 2 choices available. This way we don't
+     * get stuck with a single live-but-crummy entry and just keep
+     * using him.
+     * (We might get 2 live-but-crummy entry guards, but so be it.) */
+    preferred_min = 2;
+  }
+
+  if (smartlist_len(live_entry_guards) < preferred_min) {
+    if (!entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
+      /* still no? try adding a new entry then */
+      /* XXX if guard doesn't imply fast and stable, then we need
+       * to tell add_an_entry_guard below what we want, or it might
+       * be a long time til we get it. -RD */
+      node = add_an_entry_guard(NULL, 0, 0, 1, for_directory);
+      if (node) {
+        entry_guards_changed();
+        /* XXX we start over here in case the new node we added shares
+         * a family with our exit node. There's a chance that we'll just
+         * load up on entry guards here, if the network we're using is
+         * one big family. Perhaps we should teach add_an_entry_guard()
+         * to understand nodes-to-avoid-if-possible? -RD */
+        goto retry;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!node && need_uptime) {
+      need_uptime = 0; /* try without that requirement */
+      goto retry;
+    }
+    if (!node && need_capacity) {
+      /* still no? last attempt, try without requiring capacity */
+      need_capacity = 0;
+      goto retry;
+    }
+#if 0
+    /* Removing this retry logic: if we only allow one exit, and it is in the
+       same family as all our entries, then we are just plain not going to win
+       here. */
+    if (!node && entry_list_is_constrained(options) && consider_exit_family) {
+      /* still no? if we're using bridges or have strictentrynodes
+       * set, and our chosen exit is in the same family as all our
+       * bridges/entry guards, then be flexible about families. */
+      consider_exit_family = 0;
+      goto retry;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* live_entry_guards may be empty below. Oh well, we tried. */
+  }
+
+ choose_and_finish:
+  if (entry_list_is_constrained(options)) {
+    /* We need to weight by bandwidth, because our bridges or entryguards
+     * were not already selected proportional to their bandwidth. */
+    node = node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(live_entry_guards, WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD);
+  } else {
+    /* We choose uniformly at random here, because choose_good_entry_server()
+     * already weights its choices by bandwidth, so we don't want to
+     * *double*-weight our guard selection. */
+    node = smartlist_choose(live_entry_guards);
+  }
+  smartlist_free(live_entry_guards);
+  smartlist_free(exit_family);
+  return node;
+}
+
+/** Parse <b>state</b> and learn about the entry guards it describes.
+ * If <b>set</b> is true, and there are no errors, replace the global
+ * entry_list with what we find.
+ * On success, return 0. On failure, alloc into *<b>msg</b> a string
+ * describing the error, and return -1.
+ */
+int
+entry_guards_parse_state(or_state_t *state, int set, char **msg)
+{
+  entry_guard_t *node = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *new_entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+  config_line_t *line;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  const char *state_version = state->TorVersion;
+  digestmap_t *added_by = digestmap_new();
+
+  *msg = NULL;
+  for (line = state->EntryGuards; line; line = line->next) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuard")) {
+      smartlist_t *args = smartlist_new();
+      node = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(entry_guard_t));
+      /* all entry guards on disk have been contacted */
+      node->made_contact = 1;
+      smartlist_add(new_entry_guards, node);
+      smartlist_split_string(args, line->value, " ",
+                             SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
+      if (smartlist_len(args)<2) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+                          "Too few arguments to EntryGuard");
+      } else if (!is_legal_nickname(smartlist_get(args,0))) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+                          "Bad nickname for EntryGuard");
+      } else {
+        strlcpy(node->nickname, smartlist_get(args,0), MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1);
+        if (base16_decode(node->identity, DIGEST_LEN, smartlist_get(args,1),
+                          strlen(smartlist_get(args,1)))<0) {
+          *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+                            "Bad hex digest for EntryGuard");
+        }
+      }
+      if (smartlist_len(args) >= 3) {
+        const char *is_cache = smartlist_get(args, 2);
+        if (!strcasecmp(is_cache, "DirCache")) {
+          node->is_dir_cache = 1;
+        } else if (!strcasecmp(is_cache, "NoDirCache")) {
+          node->is_dir_cache = 0;
+        } else {
+          log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Bogus third argument to EntryGuard line: %s",
+                   escaped(is_cache));
+        }
+      }
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(args, char*, cp, tor_free(cp));
+      smartlist_free(args);
+      if (*msg)
+        break;
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardDownSince") ||
+               !strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardUnlistedSince")) {
+      time_t when;
+      time_t last_try = 0;
+      if (!node) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+               "EntryGuardDownSince/UnlistedSince without EntryGuard");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (parse_iso_time(line->value, &when)<0) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+                          "Bad time in EntryGuardDownSince/UnlistedSince");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (when > now) {
+        /* It's a bad idea to believe info in the future: you can wind
+         * up with timeouts that aren't allowed to happen for years. */
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (strlen(line->value) >= ISO_TIME_LEN+ISO_TIME_LEN+1) {
+        /* ignore failure */
+        (void) parse_iso_time(line->value+ISO_TIME_LEN+1, &last_try);
+      }
+      if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardDownSince")) {
+        node->unreachable_since = when;
+        node->last_attempted = last_try;
+      } else {
+        node->bad_since = when;
+      }
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardAddedBy")) {
+      char d[DIGEST_LEN];
+      /* format is digest version date */
+      if (strlen(line->value) < HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1+1+1+ISO_TIME_LEN) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "EntryGuardAddedBy line is not long enough.");
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (base16_decode(d, sizeof(d), line->value, HEX_DIGEST_LEN)<0 ||
+          line->value[HEX_DIGEST_LEN] != ' ') {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "EntryGuardAddedBy line %s does not begin with "
+                 "hex digest", escaped(line->value));
+        continue;
+      }
+      digestmap_set(added_by, d, tor_strdup(line->value+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1));
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardPathUseBias")) {
+      const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+      double use_cnt, success_cnt;
+
+      if (!node) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+               "EntryGuardPathUseBias without EntryGuard");
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (tor_sscanf(line->value, "%lf %lf",
+                     &use_cnt, &success_cnt) != 2) {
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Malformed path use bias line for node %s",
+                 node->nickname);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (use_cnt < success_cnt) {
+        int severity = LOG_INFO;
+        /* If this state file was written by a Tor that would have
+         * already fixed it, then the overcounting bug is still there.. */
+        if (tor_version_as_new_as(state_version, "0.2.4.13-alpha")) {
+          severity = LOG_NOTICE;
+        }
+        log_fn(severity, LD_BUG,
+                   "State file contains unexpectedly high usage success "
+                   "counts %lf/%lf for Guard %s ($%s)",
+                   success_cnt, use_cnt,
+                   node->nickname, hex_str(node->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+        success_cnt = use_cnt;
+      }
+
+      node->use_attempts = use_cnt;
+      node->use_successes = success_cnt;
+
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Read %f/%f path use bias for node %s",
+               node->use_successes, node->use_attempts, node->nickname);
+
+      /* Note: We rely on the < comparison here to allow us to set a 0
+       * rate and disable the feature entirely. If refactoring, don't
+       * change to <= */
+      if (pathbias_get_use_success_count(node)/node->use_attempts
+            < pathbias_get_extreme_use_rate(options) &&
+          pathbias_get_dropguards(options)) {
+        node->path_bias_disabled = 1;
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL,
+                 "Path use bias is too high (%f/%f); disabling node %s",
+                 node->circ_successes, node->circ_attempts, node->nickname);
+      }
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(line->key, "EntryGuardPathBias")) {
+      const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+      double hop_cnt, success_cnt, timeouts, collapsed, successful_closed,
+               unusable;
+
+      if (!node) {
+        *msg = tor_strdup("Unable to parse entry nodes: "
+               "EntryGuardPathBias without EntryGuard");
+        break;
+      }
+
+      /* First try 3 params, then 2. */
+      /* In the long run: circuit_success ~= successful_circuit_close +
+       *                                     collapsed_circuits +
+       *                                     unusable_circuits */
+      if (tor_sscanf(line->value, "%lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
+                  &hop_cnt, &success_cnt, &successful_closed,
+                  &collapsed, &unusable, &timeouts) != 6) {
+        int old_success, old_hops;
+        if (tor_sscanf(line->value, "%u %u", &old_success, &old_hops) != 2) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Reading old-style EntryGuardPathBias %s",
+                 escaped(line->value));
+
+        success_cnt = old_success;
+        successful_closed = old_success;
+        hop_cnt = old_hops;
+        timeouts = 0;
+        collapsed = 0;
+        unusable = 0;
+      }
+
+      if (hop_cnt < success_cnt) {
+        int severity = LOG_INFO;
+        /* If this state file was written by a Tor that would have
+         * already fixed it, then the overcounting bug is still there.. */
+        if (tor_version_as_new_as(state_version, "0.2.4.13-alpha")) {
+          severity = LOG_NOTICE;
+        }
+        log_fn(severity, LD_BUG,
+                "State file contains unexpectedly high success counts "
+                "%lf/%lf for Guard %s ($%s)",
+                success_cnt, hop_cnt,
+                node->nickname, hex_str(node->identity, DIGEST_LEN));
+        success_cnt = hop_cnt;
+      }
+
+      node->circ_attempts = hop_cnt;
+      node->circ_successes = success_cnt;
+
+      node->successful_circuits_closed = successful_closed;
+      node->timeouts = timeouts;
+      node->collapsed_circuits = collapsed;
+      node->unusable_circuits = unusable;
+
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Read %f/%f path bias for node %s",
+               node->circ_successes, node->circ_attempts, node->nickname);
+      /* Note: We rely on the < comparison here to allow us to set a 0
+       * rate and disable the feature entirely. If refactoring, don't
+       * change to <= */
+      if (pathbias_get_close_success_count(node)/node->circ_attempts
+            < pathbias_get_extreme_rate(options) &&
+          pathbias_get_dropguards(options)) {
+        node->path_bias_disabled = 1;
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL,
+                 "Path bias is too high (%f/%f); disabling node %s",
+                 node->circ_successes, node->circ_attempts, node->nickname);
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unexpected key %s", line->key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(new_entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+     char *sp;
+     char *val = digestmap_get(added_by, e->identity);
+     if (val && (sp = strchr(val, ' '))) {
+       time_t when;
+       *sp++ = '\0';
+       if (parse_iso_time(sp, &when)<0) {
+         log_warn(LD_BUG, "Can't read time %s in EntryGuardAddedBy", sp);
+       } else {
+         e->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(val);
+         e->chosen_on_date = when;
+       }
+     } else {
+       if (state_version) {
+         e->chosen_by_version = tor_strdup(state_version);
+         e->chosen_on_date = time(NULL) - crypto_rand_int(3600*24*30);
+       }
+     }
+     if (e->path_bias_disabled && !e->bad_since)
+       e->bad_since = time(NULL);
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+
+  if (*msg || !set) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(new_entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
+                      entry_guard_free(e));
+    smartlist_free(new_entry_guards);
+  } else { /* !err && set */
+    if (entry_guards) {
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
+                        entry_guard_free(e));
+      smartlist_free(entry_guards);
+    }
+    entry_guards = new_entry_guards;
+    entry_guards_dirty = 0;
+    /* XXX024 hand new_entry_guards to this func, and move it up a
+     * few lines, so we don't have to re-dirty it */
+    if (remove_obsolete_entry_guards(now))
+      entry_guards_dirty = 1;
+
+    update_node_guard_status();
+  }
+  digestmap_free(added_by, tor_free_);
+  return *msg ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/** Our list of entry guards has changed, or some element of one
+ * of our entry guards has changed. Write the changes to disk within
+ * the next few minutes.
+ */
+void
+entry_guards_changed(void)
+{
+  time_t when;
+  entry_guards_dirty = 1;
+
+  /* or_state_save() will call entry_guards_update_state(). */
+  when = get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites ? time(NULL) + 3600 : time(NULL)+600;
+  or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), when);
+}
+
+/** If the entry guard info has not changed, do nothing and return.
+ * Otherwise, free the EntryGuards piece of <b>state</b> and create
+ * a new one out of the global entry_guards list, and then mark
+ * <b>state</b> dirty so it will get saved to disk.
+ */
+void
+entry_guards_update_state(or_state_t *state)
+{
+  config_line_t **next, *line;
+  if (! entry_guards_dirty)
+    return;
+
+  config_free_lines(state->EntryGuards);
+  next = &state->EntryGuards;
+  *next = NULL;
+  if (!entry_guards)
+    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+      char dbuf[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+      if (!e->made_contact)
+        continue; /* don't write this one to disk */
+      *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+      line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuard");
+      base16_encode(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+      tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s %sDirCache", e->nickname, dbuf,
+                   e->is_dir_cache ? "" : "No");
+      next = &(line->next);
+      if (e->unreachable_since) {
+        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardDownSince");
+        line->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1+ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
+        format_iso_time(line->value, e->unreachable_since);
+        if (e->last_attempted) {
+          line->value[ISO_TIME_LEN] = ' ';
+          format_iso_time(line->value+ISO_TIME_LEN+1, e->last_attempted);
+        }
+        next = &(line->next);
+      }
+      if (e->bad_since) {
+        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardUnlistedSince");
+        line->value = tor_malloc(ISO_TIME_LEN+1);
+        format_iso_time(line->value, e->bad_since);
+        next = &(line->next);
+      }
+      if (e->chosen_on_date && e->chosen_by_version &&
+          !strchr(e->chosen_by_version, ' ')) {
+        char d[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
+        char t[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardAddedBy");
+        base16_encode(d, sizeof(d), e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+        format_iso_time(t, e->chosen_on_date);
+        tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s %s",
+                     d, e->chosen_by_version, t);
+        next = &(line->next);
+      }
+      if (e->circ_attempts > 0) {
+        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardPathBias");
+        /* In the long run: circuit_success ~= successful_circuit_close +
+         *                                     collapsed_circuits +
+         *                                     unusable_circuits */
+        tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%f %f %f %f %f %f",
+                     e->circ_attempts, e->circ_successes,
+                     pathbias_get_close_success_count(e),
+                     e->collapsed_circuits,
+                     e->unusable_circuits, e->timeouts);
+        next = &(line->next);
+      }
+      if (e->use_attempts > 0) {
+        *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+        line->key = tor_strdup("EntryGuardPathUseBias");
+
+        tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%f %f",
+                     e->use_attempts,
+                     pathbias_get_use_success_count(e));
+        next = &(line->next);
+      }
+
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+  if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
+    or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0);
+  entry_guards_dirty = 0;
+}
+
+/** If <b>question</b> is the string "entry-guards", then dump
+ * to *<b>answer</b> a newly allocated string describing all of
+ * the nodes in the global entry_guards list. See control-spec.txt
+ * for details.
+ * For backward compatibility, we also handle the string "helper-nodes".
+ * */
+int
+getinfo_helper_entry_guards(control_connection_t *conn,
+                            const char *question, char **answer,
+                            const char **errmsg)
+{
+  (void) conn;
+  (void) errmsg;
+
+  if (!strcmp(question,"entry-guards") ||
+      !strcmp(question,"helper-nodes")) {
+    smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
+    char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+    char nbuf[MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
+    if (!entry_guards)
+      entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+        const char *status = NULL;
+        time_t when = 0;
+        const node_t *node;
+
+        if (!e->made_contact) {
+          status = "never-connected";
+        } else if (e->bad_since) {
+          when = e->bad_since;
+          status = "unusable";
+        } else {
+          status = "up";
+        }
+
+        node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
+        if (node) {
+          node_get_verbose_nickname(node, nbuf);
+        } else {
+          nbuf[0] = '$';
+          base16_encode(nbuf+1, sizeof(nbuf)-1, e->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+          /* e->nickname field is not very reliable if we don't know about
+           * this router any longer; don't include it. */
+        }
+
+        if (when) {
+          format_iso_time(tbuf, when);
+          smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s %s %s\n", nbuf, status, tbuf);
+        } else {
+          smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%s %s\n", nbuf, status);
+        }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+    *answer = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c));
+    smartlist_free(sl);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** A list of configured bridges. Whenever we actually get a descriptor
+ * for one, we add it as an entry guard.  Note that the order of bridges
+ * in this list does not necessarily correspond to the order of bridges
+ * in the torrc. */
+static smartlist_t *bridge_list = NULL;
+
+/** Mark every entry of the bridge list to be removed on our next call to
+ * sweep_bridge_list unless it has first been un-marked. */
+void
+mark_bridge_list(void)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b,
+                    b->marked_for_removal = 1);
+}
+
+/** Remove every entry of the bridge list that was marked with
+ * mark_bridge_list if it has not subsequently been un-marked. */
+void
+sweep_bridge_list(void)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b) {
+    if (b->marked_for_removal) {
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(bridge_list, b);
+      bridge_free(b);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(b);
+}
+
+/** Initialize the bridge list to empty, creating it if needed. */
+static void
+clear_bridge_list(void)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, b, bridge_free(b));
+  smartlist_clear(bridge_list);
+}
+
+/** Free the bridge <b>bridge</b>. */
+static void
+bridge_free(bridge_info_t *bridge)
+{
+  if (!bridge)
+    return;
+
+  tor_free(bridge->transport_name);
+  tor_free(bridge);
+}
+
+/** If we have a bridge configured whose digest matches <b>digest</b>, or a
+ * bridge with no known digest whose address matches any of the
+ * tor_addr_port_t's in <b>orports</b>, return that bridge.  Else return
+ * NULL. */
+static bridge_info_t *
+get_configured_bridge_by_orports_digest(const char *digest,
+                                        const smartlist_t *orports)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    return NULL;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge)
+    {
+      if (tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity)) {
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(orports, tor_addr_port_t *, ap)
+          {
+            if (tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &ap->addr, CMP_EXACT) == 0 &&
+                bridge->port == ap->port)
+              return bridge;
+          }
+        SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ap);
+      }
+      if (digest && tor_memeq(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+        return bridge;
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** If we have a bridge configured whose digest matches <b>digest</b>, or a
+ * bridge with no known digest whose address matches <b>addr</b>:<b>/port</b>,
+ * return that bridge.  Else return NULL. */
+static bridge_info_t *
+get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                                          uint16_t port,
+                                          const char *digest)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    return NULL;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge)
+    {
+      if (tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) &&
+          !tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
+          bridge->port == port)
+        return bridge;
+      if (digest && tor_memeq(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+        return bridge;
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Wrapper around get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest() to look
+ * it up via router descriptor <b>ri</b>. */
+static bridge_info_t *
+get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+{
+  bridge_info_t *bi = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *orports = router_get_all_orports(ri);
+  bi = get_configured_bridge_by_orports_digest(ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                               orports);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(orports, tor_addr_port_t *, p, tor_free(p));
+  smartlist_free(orports);
+  return bi;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if <b>ri</b> is one of our known bridges, else 0. */
+int
+routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+{
+  return get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(ri) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if <b>node</b> is one of our configured bridges, else 0. */
+int
+node_is_a_configured_bridge(const node_t *node)
+{
+  int retval = 0;
+  smartlist_t *orports = node_get_all_orports(node);
+  retval = get_configured_bridge_by_orports_digest(node->identity,
+                                                   orports) != NULL;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(orports, tor_addr_port_t *, p, tor_free(p));
+  smartlist_free(orports);
+  return retval;
+}
+
+/** We made a connection to a router at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>
+ * without knowing its digest. Its digest turned out to be <b>digest</b>.
+ * If it was a bridge, and we still don't know its digest, record it.
+ */
+void
+learned_router_identity(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                        const char *digest)
+{
+  bridge_info_t *bridge =
+    get_configured_bridge_by_addr_port_digest(addr, port, digest);
+  if (bridge && tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity)) {
+    char *transport_info = NULL;
+    const char *transport_name =
+      find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport(addr, port);
+    if (transport_name)
+      tor_asprintf(&transport_info, " (with transport '%s')", transport_name);
+
+    memcpy(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+    log_notice(LD_DIR, "Learned fingerprint %s for bridge %s%s.",
+               hex_str(digest, DIGEST_LEN), fmt_addrport(addr, port),
+               transport_info ? transport_info : "");
+    tor_free(transport_info);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return true if <b>bridge</b> has the same identity digest as
+ *  <b>digest</b>. If <b>digest</b> is NULL, it matches
+ *  bridges with unspecified identity digests. */
+static int
+bridge_has_digest(const bridge_info_t *bridge, const char *digest)
+{
+  if (digest)
+    return tor_memeq(digest, bridge->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+  else
+    return tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity);
+}
+
+/** We are about to add a new bridge at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>, with optional
+ * <b>digest</b> and <b>transport_name</b>. Mark for removal any previously
+ * existing bridge with the same address and port, and warn the user as
+ * appropriate.
+ */
+static void
+bridge_resolve_conflicts(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                         const char *digest, const char *transport_name)
+{
+  /* Iterate the already-registered bridge list:
+
+     If you find a bridge with the same adress and port, mark it for
+     removal. It doesn't make sense to have two active bridges with
+     the same IP:PORT. If the bridge in question has a different
+     digest or transport than <b>digest</b>/<b>transport_name</b>,
+     it's probably a misconfiguration and we should warn the user.
+  */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
+    if (bridge->marked_for_removal)
+      continue;
+
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) && (bridge->port == port)) {
+
+      bridge->marked_for_removal = 1;
+
+      if (!bridge_has_digest(bridge, digest) ||
+          strcmp_opt(bridge->transport_name, transport_name)) {
+        /* warn the user */
+        char *bridge_description_new, *bridge_description_old;
+        tor_asprintf(&bridge_description_new, "%s:%s:%s",
+                     fmt_addrport(addr, port),
+                     digest ? hex_str(digest, DIGEST_LEN) : "",
+                     transport_name ? transport_name : "");
+        tor_asprintf(&bridge_description_old, "%s:%s:%s",
+                     fmt_addrport(&bridge->addr, bridge->port),
+                     tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) ?
+                     "" : hex_str(bridge->identity,DIGEST_LEN),
+                     bridge->transport_name ? bridge->transport_name : "");
+
+        log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Tried to add bridge '%s', but we found a conflict"
+                 " with the already registered bridge '%s'. We will discard"
+                 " the old bridge and keep '%s'. If this is not what you"
+                 " wanted, please change your configuration file accordingly.",
+                 bridge_description_new, bridge_description_old,
+                 bridge_description_new);
+
+        tor_free(bridge_description_new);
+        tor_free(bridge_description_old);
+      }
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+}
+
+/** Remember a new bridge at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>. If <b>digest</b>
+ * is set, it tells us the identity key too.  If we already had the
+ * bridge in our list, unmark it, and don't actually add anything new.
+ * If <b>transport_name</b> is non-NULL - the bridge is associated with a
+ * pluggable transport - we assign the transport to the bridge. */
+void
+bridge_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                       const char *digest, const char *transport_name)
+{
+  bridge_info_t *b;
+
+  bridge_resolve_conflicts(addr, port, digest, transport_name);
+
+  b = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(bridge_info_t));
+  tor_addr_copy(&b->addr, addr);
+  b->port = port;
+  if (digest)
+    memcpy(b->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  if (transport_name)
+    b->transport_name = tor_strdup(transport_name);
+  b->fetch_status.schedule = DL_SCHED_BRIDGE;
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    bridge_list = smartlist_new();
+
+  smartlist_add(bridge_list, b);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>routerset</b> contains the bridge <b>bridge</b>. */
+static int
+routerset_contains_bridge(const routerset_t *routerset,
+                          const bridge_info_t *bridge)
+{
+  int result;
+  extend_info_t *extinfo;
+  tor_assert(bridge);
+  if (!routerset)
+    return 0;
+
+  extinfo = extend_info_new(
+         NULL, bridge->identity, NULL, NULL, &bridge->addr, bridge->port);
+  result = routerset_contains_extendinfo(routerset, extinfo);
+  extend_info_free(extinfo);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** If <b>digest</b> is one of our known bridges, return it. */
+static bridge_info_t *
+find_bridge_by_digest(const char *digest)
+{
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge,
+    {
+      if (tor_memeq(bridge->identity, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+        return bridge;
+    });
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Given the <b>addr</b> and <b>port</b> of a bridge, if that bridge
+ *  supports a pluggable transport, return its name. Otherwise, return
+ *  NULL. */
+const char *
+find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
+{
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    return NULL;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, const bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) &&
+        (bridge->port == port))
+      return bridge->transport_name;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** If <b>addr</b> and <b>port</b> match the address and port of a
+ * bridge of ours that uses pluggable transports, place its transport
+ * in <b>transport</b>.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success (found a transport, or found a bridge with no
+ * transport, or found no bridge); return -1 if we should be using a
+ * transport, but the transport could not be found.
+ */
+int
+find_transport_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                                  const transport_t **transport)
+{
+  *transport = NULL;
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    return 0;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, const bridge_info_t *, bridge) {
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&bridge->addr, addr) &&
+        (bridge->port == port)) { /* bridge matched */
+      if (bridge->transport_name) { /* it also uses pluggable transports */
+        *transport = transport_get_by_name(bridge->transport_name);
+        if (*transport == NULL) { /* it uses pluggable transports, but
+                                     the transport could not be found! */
+          return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+      } else { /* bridge matched, but it doesn't use transports. */
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+
+  *transport = NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** We need to ask <b>bridge</b> for its server descriptor. */
+static void
+launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge_info_t *bridge)
+{
+  char *address;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  if (connection_get_by_type_addr_port_purpose(
+      CONN_TYPE_DIR, &bridge->addr, bridge->port,
+      DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC))
+    return; /* it's already on the way */
+
+  if (routerset_contains_bridge(options->ExcludeNodes, bridge)) {
+    download_status_mark_impossible(&bridge->fetch_status);
+    log_warn(LD_APP, "Not using bridge at %s: it is in ExcludeNodes.",
+             safe_str_client(fmt_and_decorate_addr(&bridge->addr)));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  address = tor_dup_addr(&bridge->addr);
+
+  directory_initiate_command(address, &bridge->addr,
+                             bridge->port, 0/*no dirport*/,
+                             bridge->identity,
+                             DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
+                             ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE,
+                             DIRIND_ONEHOP, "authority.z", NULL, 0, 0);
+  tor_free(address);
+}
+
+/** Fetching the bridge descriptor from the bridge authority returned a
+ * "not found". Fall back to trying a direct fetch. */
+void
+retry_bridge_descriptor_fetch_directly(const char *digest)
+{
+  bridge_info_t *bridge = find_bridge_by_digest(digest);
+  if (!bridge)
+    return; /* not found? oh well. */
+
+  launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge);
+}
+
+/** For each bridge in our list for which we don't currently have a
+ * descriptor, fetch a new copy of its descriptor -- either directly
+ * from the bridge or via a bridge authority. */
+void
+fetch_bridge_descriptors(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
+{
+  int num_bridge_auths = get_n_authorities(BRIDGE_DIRINFO);
+  int ask_bridge_directly;
+  int can_use_bridge_authority;
+
+  if (!bridge_list)
+    return;
+
+  /* If we still have unconfigured managed proxies, don't go and
+     connect to a bridge. */
+  if (pt_proxies_configuration_pending())
+    return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(bridge_list, bridge_info_t *, bridge)
+    {
+      if (!download_status_is_ready(&bridge->fetch_status, now,
+                                    IMPOSSIBLE_TO_DOWNLOAD))
+        continue; /* don't bother, no need to retry yet */
+      if (routerset_contains_bridge(options->ExcludeNodes, bridge)) {
+        download_status_mark_impossible(&bridge->fetch_status);
+        log_warn(LD_APP, "Not using bridge at %s: it is in ExcludeNodes.",
+                 safe_str_client(fmt_and_decorate_addr(&bridge->addr)));
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      /* schedule another fetch as if this one will fail, in case it does */
+      download_status_failed(&bridge->fetch_status, 0);
+
+      can_use_bridge_authority = !tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity) &&
+                                 num_bridge_auths;
+      ask_bridge_directly = !can_use_bridge_authority ||
+                            !options->UpdateBridgesFromAuthority;
+      log_debug(LD_DIR, "ask_bridge_directly=%d (%d, %d, %d)",
+                ask_bridge_directly, tor_digest_is_zero(bridge->identity),
+                !options->UpdateBridgesFromAuthority, !num_bridge_auths);
+
+      if (ask_bridge_directly &&
+          !fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(&bridge->addr, bridge->port)) {
+        log_notice(LD_DIR, "Bridge at '%s' isn't reachable by our "
+                   "firewall policy. %s.",
+                   fmt_addrport(&bridge->addr, bridge->port),
+                   can_use_bridge_authority ?
+                     "Asking bridge authority instead" : "Skipping");
+        if (can_use_bridge_authority)
+          ask_bridge_directly = 0;
+        else
+          continue;
+      }
+
+      if (ask_bridge_directly) {
+        /* we need to ask the bridge itself for its descriptor. */
+        launch_direct_bridge_descriptor_fetch(bridge);
+      } else {
+        /* We have a digest and we want to ask an authority. We could
+         * combine all the requests into one, but that may give more
+         * hints to the bridge authority than we want to give. */
+        char resource[10 + HEX_DIGEST_LEN];
+        memcpy(resource, "fp/", 3);
+        base16_encode(resource+3, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1,
+                      bridge->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
+        memcpy(resource+3+HEX_DIGEST_LEN, ".z", 3);
+        log_info(LD_DIR, "Fetching bridge info '%s' from bridge authority.",
+                 resource);
+        directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
+                ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE, resource, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bridge);
+}
+
+/** If our <b>bridge</b> is configured to be a different address than
+ * the bridge gives in <b>node</b>, rewrite the routerinfo
+ * we received to use the address we meant to use. Now we handle
+ * multihomed bridges better.
+ */
+static void
+rewrite_node_address_for_bridge(const bridge_info_t *bridge, node_t *node)
+{
+  /* XXXX move this function. */
+  /* XXXX overridden addresses should really live in the node_t, so that the
+   *   routerinfo_t and the microdesc_t can be immutable.  But we can only
+   *   do that safely if we know that no function that connects to an OR
+   *   does so through an address from any source other than node_get_addr().
+   */
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+
+  if (node->ri) {
+    routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, ri->addr);
+
+    if ((!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
+         bridge->port == ri->or_port) ||
+        (!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &ri->ipv6_addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
+         bridge->port == ri->ipv6_orport)) {
+      /* they match, so no need to do anything */
+    } else {
+      if (tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET) {
+        ri->addr = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&bridge->addr);
+        tor_free(ri->address);
+        ri->address = tor_dup_ip(ri->addr);
+        ri->or_port = bridge->port;
+        log_info(LD_DIR,
+                 "Adjusted bridge routerinfo for '%s' to match configured "
+                 "address %s:%d.",
+                 ri->nickname, ri->address, ri->or_port);
+      } else if (tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET6) {
+        tor_addr_copy(&ri->ipv6_addr, &bridge->addr);
+        ri->ipv6_orport = bridge->port;
+        log_info(LD_DIR,
+                 "Adjusted bridge routerinfo for '%s' to match configured "
+                 "address %s.",
+                 ri->nickname, fmt_addrport(&ri->ipv6_addr, ri->ipv6_orport));
+      } else {
+        log_err(LD_BUG, "Address family not supported: %d.",
+                tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Mark which address to use based on which bridge_t we got. */
+    node->ipv6_preferred = (tor_addr_family(&bridge->addr) == AF_INET6 &&
+                            !tor_addr_is_null(&node->ri->ipv6_addr));
+
+    /* XXXipv6 we lack support for falling back to another address for
+       the same relay, warn the user */
+    if (!tor_addr_is_null(&ri->ipv6_addr)) {
+      tor_addr_port_t ap;
+      node_get_pref_orport(node, &ap);
+      log_notice(LD_CONFIG,
+                 "Bridge '%s' has both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address.  "
+                 "Will prefer using its %s address (%s).",
+                 ri->nickname,
+                 tor_addr_family(&ap.addr) == AF_INET6 ? "IPv6" : "IPv4",
+                 fmt_addrport(&ap.addr, ap.port));
+    }
+  }
+  if (node->rs) {
+    routerstatus_t *rs = node->rs;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, rs->addr);
+
+    if (!tor_addr_compare(&bridge->addr, &addr, CMP_EXACT) &&
+        bridge->port == rs->or_port) {
+      /* they match, so no need to do anything */
+    } else {
+      rs->addr = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&bridge->addr);
+      rs->or_port = bridge->port;
+      log_info(LD_DIR,
+               "Adjusted bridge routerstatus for '%s' to match "
+               "configured address %s.",
+               rs->nickname, fmt_addrport(&bridge->addr, rs->or_port));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** We just learned a descriptor for a bridge. See if that
+ * digest is in our entry guard list, and add it if not. */
+void
+learned_bridge_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri, int from_cache)
+{
+  tor_assert(ri);
+  tor_assert(ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE);
+  if (get_options()->UseBridges) {
+    int first = !any_bridge_descriptors_known();
+    bridge_info_t *bridge = get_configured_bridge_by_routerinfo(ri);
+    time_t now = time(NULL);
+    router_set_status(ri->cache_info.identity_digest, 1);
+
+    if (bridge) { /* if we actually want to use this one */
+      node_t *node;
+      /* it's here; schedule its re-fetch for a long time from now. */
+      if (!from_cache)
+        download_status_reset(&bridge->fetch_status);
+
+      node = node_get_mutable_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
+      tor_assert(node);
+      rewrite_node_address_for_bridge(bridge, node);
+      add_an_entry_guard(node, 1, 1, 0, 0);
+
+      log_notice(LD_DIR, "new bridge descriptor '%s' (%s): %s", ri->nickname,
+                 from_cache ? "cached" : "fresh", router_describe(ri));
+      /* set entry->made_contact so if it goes down we don't drop it from
+       * our entry node list */
+      entry_guard_register_connect_status(ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                          1, 0, now);
+      if (first) {
+        /* XXXX apparently, this is never called. See bug #9229. */
+        routerlist_retry_directory_downloads(now);
+      }
+
+      update_networkstatus_downloads(now);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if any of our entry guards have descriptors that
+ * are marked with purpose 'bridge' and are running. Else return 0.
+ *
+ * We use this function to decide if we're ready to start building
+ * circuits through our bridges, or if we need to wait until the
+ * directory "server/authority" requests finish. */
+int
+any_bridge_descriptors_known(void)
+{
+  tor_assert(get_options()->UseBridges);
+  return choose_random_entry(NULL) != NULL;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if there are any directory conns fetching bridge descriptors
+ * that aren't marked for close. We use this to guess if we should tell
+ * the controller that we have a problem. */
+int
+any_pending_bridge_descriptor_fetches(void)
+{
+  smartlist_t *conns = get_connection_array();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
+    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR &&
+        conn->purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC &&
+        TO_DIR_CONN(conn)->router_purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE &&
+        !conn->marked_for_close &&
+        conn->linked &&
+        conn->linked_conn && !conn->linked_conn->marked_for_close) {
+      log_debug(LD_DIR, "found one: %s", conn->address);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if we have at least one descriptor for an entry guard
+ * (bridge or member of EntryNodes) and all descriptors we know are
+ * down. Else return 0. If <b>act</b> is 1, then mark the down guards
+ * up; else just observe and report. */
+static int
+entries_retry_helper(const or_options_t *options, int act)
+{
+  const node_t *node;
+  int any_known = 0;
+  int any_running = 0;
+  int need_bridges = options->UseBridges != 0;
+  if (!entry_guards)
+    entry_guards = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+      node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
+      if (node && node_has_descriptor(node) &&
+          node_is_bridge(node) == need_bridges) {
+        any_known = 1;
+        if (node->is_running)
+          any_running = 1; /* some entry is both known and running */
+        else if (act) {
+          /* Mark all current connections to this OR as unhealthy, since
+           * otherwise there could be one that started 30 seconds
+           * ago, and in 30 seconds it will time out, causing us to mark
+           * the node down and undermine the retry attempt. We mark even
+           * the established conns, since if the network just came back
+           * we'll want to attach circuits to fresh conns. */
+          connection_or_set_bad_connections(node->identity, 1);
+
+          /* mark this entry node for retry */
+          router_set_status(node->identity, 1);
+          e->can_retry = 1;
+          e->bad_since = 0;
+        }
+      }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+  log_debug(LD_DIR, "%d: any_known %d, any_running %d",
+            act, any_known, any_running);
+  return any_known && !any_running;
+}
+
+/** Do we know any descriptors for our bridges / entrynodes, and are
+ * all the ones we have descriptors for down? */
+int
+entries_known_but_down(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  tor_assert(entry_list_is_constrained(options));
+  return entries_retry_helper(options, 0);
+}
+
+/** Mark all down known bridges / entrynodes up. */
+void
+entries_retry_all(const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  tor_assert(entry_list_is_constrained(options));
+  entries_retry_helper(options, 1);
+}
+
+/** Return true if at least one of our bridges runs a Tor version that can
+ * provide microdescriptors to us. If not, we'll fall back to asking for
+ * full descriptors. */
+int
+any_bridge_supports_microdescriptors(void)
+{
+  const node_t *node;
+  if (!get_options()->UseBridges || !entry_guards)
+    return 0;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e) {
+    node = node_get_by_id(e->identity);
+    if (node && node->is_running &&
+        node_is_bridge(node) && node_is_a_configured_bridge(node) &&
+        node_understands_microdescriptors(node)) {
+      /* This is one of our current bridges, and we know enough about
+       * it to know that it will be able to answer our microdescriptor
+       * questions. */
+       return 1;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(e);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Release all storage held by the list of entry guards and related
+ * memory structs. */
+void
+entry_guards_free_all(void)
+{
+  if (entry_guards) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entry_guards, entry_guard_t *, e,
+                      entry_guard_free(e));
+    smartlist_free(entry_guards);
+    entry_guards = NULL;
+  }
+  clear_bridge_list();
+  smartlist_free(bridge_list);
+  bridge_list = NULL;
+  circuit_build_times_free_timeouts(&circ_times);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/entrynodes.h b/src/or/entrynodes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52b8dc00e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/entrynodes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file guardnodes.h
+ * \brief Header file for circuitbuild.c.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_ENTRYNODES_H
+#define TOR_ENTRYNODES_H
+
+#if 1
+/* XXXX NM I would prefer that all of this stuff be private to
+ * entrynodes.c. */
+
+/** An entry_guard_t represents our information about a chosen long-term
+ * first hop, known as a "helper" node in the literature. We can't just
+ * use a node_t, since we want to remember these even when we
+ * don't have any directory info. */
+typedef struct entry_guard_t {
+  char nickname[MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
+  char identity[DIGEST_LEN];
+  time_t chosen_on_date; /**< Approximately when was this guard added?
+                          * "0" if we don't know. */
+  char *chosen_by_version; /**< What tor version added this guard? NULL
+                            * if we don't know. */
+  unsigned int made_contact : 1; /**< 0 if we have never connected to this
+                                  * router, 1 if we have. */
+  unsigned int can_retry : 1; /**< Should we retry connecting to this entry,
+                               * in spite of having it marked as unreachable?*/
+  unsigned int path_bias_noticed : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path
+                                       * bias for this node already? */
+  unsigned int path_bias_warned : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path bias
+                                      * for this node already? */
+  unsigned int path_bias_extreme : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path
+                                       * bias for this node already? */
+  unsigned int path_bias_disabled : 1; /**< Have we disabled this node because
+                                        * of path bias issues? */
+  unsigned int path_bias_use_noticed : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path
+                                       * use bias for this node already? */
+  unsigned int path_bias_use_extreme : 1; /**< Did we alert the user about path
+                                       * use bias for this node already? */
+  unsigned int is_dir_cache : 1; /**< Is this node a directory cache? */
+  time_t bad_since; /**< 0 if this guard is currently usable, or the time at
+                      * which it was observed to become (according to the
+                      * directory or the user configuration) unusable. */
+  time_t unreachable_since; /**< 0 if we can connect to this guard, or the
+                             * time at which we first noticed we couldn't
+                             * connect to it. */
+  time_t last_attempted; /**< 0 if we can connect to this guard, or the time
+                          * at which we last failed to connect to it. */
+
+  double circ_attempts; /**< Number of circuits this guard has "attempted" */
+  double circ_successes; /**< Number of successfully built circuits using
+                               * this guard as first hop. */
+  double successful_circuits_closed; /**< Number of circuits that carried
+                                        * streams successfully. */
+  double collapsed_circuits; /**< Number of fully built circuits that were
+                                 * remotely closed before any streams were
+                                 * attempted. */
+  double unusable_circuits; /**< Number of circuits for which streams were
+                                *  attempted, but none succeeded. */
+  double timeouts; /**< Number of 'right-censored' circuit timeouts for this
+                       * guard. */
+  double use_attempts; /**< Number of circuits we tried to use with streams */
+  double use_successes; /**< Number of successfully used circuits using
+                               * this guard as first hop. */
+} entry_guard_t;
+
+entry_guard_t *entry_guard_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest);
+void entry_guards_changed(void);
+const smartlist_t *get_entry_guards(void);
+int num_live_entry_guards(int for_directory);
+
+#endif
+
+void entry_guards_compute_status(const or_options_t *options, time_t now);
+int entry_guard_register_connect_status(const char *digest, int succeeded,
+                                        int mark_relay_status, time_t now);
+void entry_nodes_should_be_added(void);
+int entry_list_is_constrained(const or_options_t *options);
+const node_t *choose_random_entry(cpath_build_state_t *state);
+const node_t *choose_random_dirguard(dirinfo_type_t t);
+int entry_guards_parse_state(or_state_t *state, int set, char **msg);
+void entry_guards_update_state(or_state_t *state);
+int getinfo_helper_entry_guards(control_connection_t *conn,
+                                const char *question, char **answer,
+                                const char **errmsg);
+
+void mark_bridge_list(void);
+void sweep_bridge_list(void);
+
+int routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(const routerinfo_t *ri);
+int node_is_a_configured_bridge(const node_t *node);
+void learned_router_identity(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                             const char *digest);
+void bridge_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                            const char *digest,
+                            const char *transport_name);
+void retry_bridge_descriptor_fetch_directly(const char *digest);
+void fetch_bridge_descriptors(const or_options_t *options, time_t now);
+void learned_bridge_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri, int from_cache);
+int any_bridge_descriptors_known(void);
+int any_pending_bridge_descriptor_fetches(void);
+int entries_known_but_down(const or_options_t *options);
+void entries_retry_all(const or_options_t *options);
+
+int any_bridge_supports_microdescriptors(void);
+
+void entry_guards_free_all(void);
+
+const char *find_transport_name_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                                                   uint16_t port);
+struct transport_t;
+int find_transport_by_bridge_addrport(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                                      const struct transport_t **transport);
+
+int validate_pluggable_transports_config(void);
+
+double pathbias_get_close_success_count(entry_guard_t *guard);
+double pathbias_get_use_success_count(entry_guard_t *guard);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/eventdns_tor.h b/src/or/eventdns_tor.h
index 4c40b3524b..69662281bc 100644
--- a/src/or/eventdns_tor.h
+++ b/src/or/eventdns_tor.h
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
+#ifndef TOR_EVENTDNS_TOR_H
+#define TOR_EVENTDNS_TOR_H
+
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #define DNS_USE_OPENSSL_FOR_ID
 #ifndef HAVE_UINT
@@ -18,3 +21,5 @@ typedef unsigned char u_char;
 #include "util.h"
 #include "compat.h"
 
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/fp_pair.c b/src/or/fp_pair.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d8a835c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/fp_pair.c
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "fp_pair.h"
+
+/* Define fp_pair_map_t structures */
+
+struct fp_pair_map_entry_s {
+  HT_ENTRY(fp_pair_map_entry_s) node;
+  void *val;
+  fp_pair_t key;
+};
+
+struct fp_pair_map_s {
+  HT_HEAD(fp_pair_map_impl, fp_pair_map_entry_s) head;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Hash function and equality checker for fp_pair_map_t
+ */
+
+/** Compare fp_pair_entry_t objects by key value. */
+static INLINE int
+fp_pair_map_entries_eq(const fp_pair_map_entry_t *a,
+                       const fp_pair_map_entry_t *b)
+{
+  return tor_memeq(&(a->key), &(b->key), sizeof(fp_pair_t));
+}
+
+/** Return a hash value for an fp_pair_entry_t. */
+static INLINE unsigned int
+fp_pair_map_entry_hash(const fp_pair_map_entry_t *a)
+{
+  const uint32_t *p;
+  unsigned int hash;
+
+  p = (const uint32_t *)(a->key.first);
+  /* Hashes are 20 bytes long, so 5 times uint32_t */
+  hash = p[0] ^ p[1] ^ p[2] ^ p[3] ^ p[4];
+  /* Now XOR in the second fingerprint */
+  p = (const uint32_t *)(a->key.second);
+  hash ^= p[0] ^ p[1] ^ p[2] ^ p[3] ^ p[4];
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hash table functions for fp_pair_map_t
+ */
+
+HT_PROTOTYPE(fp_pair_map_impl, fp_pair_map_entry_s, node,
+             fp_pair_map_entry_hash, fp_pair_map_entries_eq)
+HT_GENERATE(fp_pair_map_impl, fp_pair_map_entry_s, node,
+            fp_pair_map_entry_hash, fp_pair_map_entries_eq,
+            0.6, tor_malloc, tor_realloc, tor_free)
+
+/** Constructor to create a new empty map from fp_pair_t to void *
+ */
+
+fp_pair_map_t *
+fp_pair_map_new(void)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_t *result;
+
+  result = tor_malloc(sizeof(fp_pair_map_t));
+  HT_INIT(fp_pair_map_impl, &result->head);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Set the current value for key to val; returns the previous
+ * value for key if one was set, or NULL if one was not.
+ */
+
+void *
+fp_pair_map_set(fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key, void *val)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t *resolve;
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t search;
+  void *oldval;
+
+  tor_assert(map);
+  tor_assert(key);
+  tor_assert(val);
+
+  memcpy(&(search.key), key, sizeof(*key));
+  resolve = HT_FIND(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), &search);
+  if (resolve) {
+    oldval = resolve->val;
+    resolve->val = val;
+  } else {
+    resolve = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(fp_pair_map_entry_t));
+    memcpy(&(resolve->key), key, sizeof(*key));
+    resolve->val = val;
+    HT_INSERT(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), resolve);
+    oldval = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return oldval;
+}
+
+/** Set the current value for the key (first, second) to val; returns
+ * the previous value for key if one was set, or NULL if one was not.
+ */
+
+void *
+fp_pair_map_set_by_digests(fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                           const char *first, const char *second,
+                           void *val)
+{
+  fp_pair_t k;
+
+  tor_assert(first);
+  tor_assert(second);
+
+  memcpy(k.first, first, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(k.second, second, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  return fp_pair_map_set(map, &k, val);
+}
+
+/** Return the current value associated with key, or NULL if no value is set.
+ */
+
+void *
+fp_pair_map_get(const fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t *resolve;
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t search;
+  void *val = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(map);
+  tor_assert(key);
+
+  memcpy(&(search.key), key, sizeof(*key));
+  resolve = HT_FIND(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), &search);
+  if (resolve) val = resolve->val;
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+/** Return the current value associated the key (first, second), or
+ * NULL if no value is set.
+ */
+
+void *
+fp_pair_map_get_by_digests(const fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                           const char *first, const char *second)
+{
+  fp_pair_t k;
+
+  tor_assert(first);
+  tor_assert(second);
+
+  memcpy(k.first, first, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(k.second, second, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  return fp_pair_map_get(map, &k);
+}
+
+/** Remove the value currently associated with key from the map.
+ * Return the value if one was set, or NULL if there was no entry for
+ * key.  The caller must free any storage associated with the
+ * returned value.
+ */
+
+void *
+fp_pair_map_remove(fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t *resolve;
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t search;
+  void *val = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(map);
+  tor_assert(key);
+
+  memcpy(&(search.key), key, sizeof(*key));
+  resolve = HT_REMOVE(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), &search);
+  if (resolve) {
+    val = resolve->val;
+    tor_free(resolve);
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+/** Remove all entries from map, and deallocate storage for those entries.
+ * If free_val is provided, it is invoked on every value in map.
+ */
+
+void
+fp_pair_map_free(fp_pair_map_t *map, void (*free_val)(void*))
+{
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t **ent, **next, *this;
+
+  if (map) {
+    for (ent = HT_START(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head));
+         ent != NULL; ent = next) {
+      this = *ent;
+      next = HT_NEXT_RMV(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), ent);
+      if (free_val) free_val(this->val);
+      tor_free(this);
+    }
+    tor_assert(HT_EMPTY(&(map->head)));
+    HT_CLEAR(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head));
+    tor_free(map);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return true iff map has no entries.
+ */
+
+int
+fp_pair_map_isempty(const fp_pair_map_t *map)
+{
+  tor_assert(map);
+
+  return HT_EMPTY(&(map->head));
+}
+
+/** Return the number of items in map.
+ */
+
+int
+fp_pair_map_size(const fp_pair_map_t *map)
+{
+  tor_assert(map);
+
+  return HT_SIZE(&(map->head));
+}
+
+/** return an iterator pointing to the start of map.
+ */
+
+fp_pair_map_iter_t *
+fp_pair_map_iter_init(fp_pair_map_t *map)
+{
+  tor_assert(map);
+
+  return HT_START(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head));
+}
+
+/** Advance iter a single step to the next entry of map, and return
+ * its new value.
+ */
+
+fp_pair_map_iter_t *
+fp_pair_map_iter_next(fp_pair_map_t *map, fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter)
+{
+  tor_assert(map);
+  tor_assert(iter);
+
+  return HT_NEXT(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), iter);
+}
+
+/** Advance iter a single step to the next entry of map, removing the current
+ * entry, and return its new value.
+ */
+
+fp_pair_map_iter_t *
+fp_pair_map_iter_next_rmv(fp_pair_map_t *map, fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_entry_t *rmv;
+
+  tor_assert(map);
+  tor_assert(iter);
+  tor_assert(*iter);
+
+  rmv = *iter;
+  iter = HT_NEXT_RMV(fp_pair_map_impl, &(map->head), iter);
+  tor_free(rmv);
+
+  return iter;
+}
+
+/** Set *key_out and *val_out to the current entry pointed to by iter.
+ */
+
+void
+fp_pair_map_iter_get(fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter,
+                     fp_pair_t *key_out, void **val_out)
+{
+  tor_assert(iter);
+  tor_assert(*iter);
+
+  if (key_out) memcpy(key_out, &((*iter)->key), sizeof(fp_pair_t));
+  if (val_out) *val_out = (*iter)->val;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff iter has advanced past the last entry of its map.
+ */
+
+int
+fp_pair_map_iter_done(fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter)
+{
+  return (iter == NULL);
+}
+
+/** Assert if anything has gone wrong with the internal
+ * representation of map.
+ */
+
+void
+fp_pair_map_assert_ok(const fp_pair_map_t *map)
+{
+  tor_assert(!fp_pair_map_impl_HT_REP_IS_BAD_(&(map->head)));
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/fp_pair.h b/src/or/fp_pair.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89f664a813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/fp_pair.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file fp_pair.h
+ * \brief Header file for fp_pair.c.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef _TOR_FP_PAIR_H
+#define _TOR_FP_PAIR_H
+
+/*
+ * Declare fp_pair_map_t functions and structs
+ */
+
+typedef struct fp_pair_map_entry_s fp_pair_map_entry_t;
+typedef struct fp_pair_map_s fp_pair_map_t;
+typedef fp_pair_map_entry_t *fp_pair_map_iter_t;
+
+fp_pair_map_t * fp_pair_map_new(void);
+void * fp_pair_map_set(fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key, void *val);
+void * fp_pair_map_set_by_digests(fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                                  const char *first, const char *second,
+                                  void *val);
+void * fp_pair_map_get(const fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key);
+void * fp_pair_map_get_by_digests(const fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                                  const char *first, const char *second);
+void * fp_pair_map_remove(fp_pair_map_t *map, const fp_pair_t *key);
+void fp_pair_map_free(fp_pair_map_t *map, void (*free_val)(void*));
+int fp_pair_map_isempty(const fp_pair_map_t *map);
+int fp_pair_map_size(const fp_pair_map_t *map);
+fp_pair_map_iter_t * fp_pair_map_iter_init(fp_pair_map_t *map);
+fp_pair_map_iter_t * fp_pair_map_iter_next(fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                                           fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter);
+fp_pair_map_iter_t * fp_pair_map_iter_next_rmv(fp_pair_map_t *map,
+                                               fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter);
+void fp_pair_map_iter_get(fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter,
+                          fp_pair_t *key_out, void **val_out);
+int fp_pair_map_iter_done(fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter);
+void fp_pair_map_assert_ok(const fp_pair_map_t *map);
+
+#undef DECLARE_MAP_FNS
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/geoip.c b/src/or/geoip.c
index 6b7cc82b82..e2e98e8ec4 100644
--- a/src/or/geoip.c
+++ b/src/or/geoip.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -21,17 +21,23 @@
 static void clear_geoip_db(void);
 static void init_geoip_countries(void);
 
-/** An entry from the GeoIP file: maps an IP range to a country. */
-typedef struct geoip_entry_t {
+/** An entry from the GeoIP IPv4 file: maps an IPv4 range to a country. */
+typedef struct geoip_ipv4_entry_t {
   uint32_t ip_low; /**< The lowest IP in the range, in host order */
   uint32_t ip_high; /**< The highest IP in the range, in host order */
   intptr_t country; /**< An index into geoip_countries */
-} geoip_entry_t;
+} geoip_ipv4_entry_t;
+
+/** An entry from the GeoIP IPv6 file: maps an IPv6 range to a country. */
+typedef struct geoip_ipv6_entry_t {
+  struct in6_addr ip_low; /**< The lowest IP in the range, in host order */
+  struct in6_addr ip_high; /**< The highest IP in the range, in host order */
+  intptr_t country; /**< An index into geoip_countries */
+} geoip_ipv6_entry_t;
 
 /** A per-country record for GeoIP request history. */
 typedef struct geoip_country_t {
   char countrycode[3];
-  uint32_t n_v2_ns_requests;
   uint32_t n_v3_ns_requests;
 } geoip_country_t;
 
@@ -41,45 +47,48 @@ static smartlist_t *geoip_countries = NULL;
  * The index is encoded in the pointer, and 1 is added so that NULL can mean
  * not found. */
 static strmap_t *country_idxplus1_by_lc_code = NULL;
-/** A list of all known geoip_entry_t, sorted by ip_low. */
-static smartlist_t *geoip_entries = NULL;
+/** Lists of all known geoip_ipv4_entry_t and geoip_ipv6_entry_t, sorted
+ * by their respective ip_low. */
+static smartlist_t *geoip_ipv4_entries = NULL, *geoip_ipv6_entries = NULL;
 
-/** SHA1 digest of the GeoIP file to include in extra-info descriptors. */
+/** SHA1 digest of the GeoIP files to include in extra-info descriptors. */
 static char geoip_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+static char geoip6_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
 
-/** Return the index of the <b>country</b>'s entry in the GeoIP DB
- * if it is a valid 2-letter country code, otherwise return -1.
- */
+/** Return the index of the <b>country</b>'s entry in the GeoIP
+ * country list if it is a valid 2-letter country code, otherwise
+ * return -1. */
 country_t
 geoip_get_country(const char *country)
 {
-  void *_idxplus1;
+  void *idxplus1_;
   intptr_t idx;
 
-  _idxplus1 = strmap_get_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, country);
-  if (!_idxplus1)
+  idxplus1_ = strmap_get_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, country);
+  if (!idxplus1_)
     return -1;
 
-  idx = ((uintptr_t)_idxplus1)-1;
+  idx = ((uintptr_t)idxplus1_)-1;
   return (country_t)idx;
 }
 
-/** Add an entry to the GeoIP table, mapping all IPs between <b>low</b> and
- * <b>high</b>, inclusive, to the 2-letter country code <b>country</b>.
- */
+/** Add an entry to a GeoIP table, mapping all IP addresses between <b>low</b>
+ * and <b>high</b>, inclusive, to the 2-letter country code <b>country</b>. */
 static void
-geoip_add_entry(uint32_t low, uint32_t high, const char *country)
+geoip_add_entry(const tor_addr_t *low, const tor_addr_t *high,
+                const char *country)
 {
   intptr_t idx;
-  geoip_entry_t *ent;
-  void *_idxplus1;
+  void *idxplus1_;
 
-  if (high < low)
+  if (tor_addr_family(low) != tor_addr_family(high))
+    return;
+  if (tor_addr_compare(high, low, CMP_EXACT) < 0)
     return;
 
-  _idxplus1 = strmap_get_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, country);
+  idxplus1_ = strmap_get_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, country);
 
-  if (!_idxplus1) {
+  if (!idxplus1_) {
     geoip_country_t *c = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(geoip_country_t));
     strlcpy(c->countrycode, country, sizeof(c->countrycode));
     tor_strlower(c->countrycode);
@@ -87,54 +96,103 @@ geoip_add_entry(uint32_t low, uint32_t high, const char *country)
     idx = smartlist_len(geoip_countries) - 1;
     strmap_set_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, country, (void*)(idx+1));
   } else {
-    idx = ((uintptr_t)_idxplus1)-1;
+    idx = ((uintptr_t)idxplus1_)-1;
   }
   {
     geoip_country_t *c = smartlist_get(geoip_countries, idx);
     tor_assert(!strcasecmp(c->countrycode, country));
   }
-  ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(geoip_entry_t));
-  ent->ip_low = low;
-  ent->ip_high = high;
-  ent->country = idx;
-  smartlist_add(geoip_entries, ent);
+
+  if (tor_addr_family(low) == AF_INET) {
+    geoip_ipv4_entry_t *ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(geoip_ipv4_entry_t));
+    ent->ip_low = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(low);
+    ent->ip_high = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(high);
+    ent->country = idx;
+    smartlist_add(geoip_ipv4_entries, ent);
+  } else if (tor_addr_family(low) == AF_INET6) {
+    geoip_ipv6_entry_t *ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(geoip_ipv6_entry_t));
+    ent->ip_low = *tor_addr_to_in6(low);
+    ent->ip_high = *tor_addr_to_in6(high);
+    ent->country = idx;
+    smartlist_add(geoip_ipv6_entries, ent);
+  }
 }
 
-/** Add an entry to the GeoIP table, parsing it from <b>line</b>.  The
- * format is as for geoip_load_file(). */
+/** Add an entry to the GeoIP table indicated by <b>family</b>,
+ * parsing it from <b>line</b>. The format is as for geoip_load_file(). */
 /*private*/ int
-geoip_parse_entry(const char *line)
+geoip_parse_entry(const char *line, sa_family_t family)
 {
-  unsigned int low, high;
-  char b[3];
+  tor_addr_t low_addr, high_addr;
+  char c[3];
+  char *country = NULL;
+
   if (!geoip_countries)
     init_geoip_countries();
-  if (!geoip_entries)
-    geoip_entries = smartlist_new();
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    if (!geoip_ipv4_entries)
+      geoip_ipv4_entries = smartlist_new();
+  } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+    if (!geoip_ipv6_entries)
+      geoip_ipv6_entries = smartlist_new();
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unsupported family: %d", family);
+    return -1;
+  }
 
   while (TOR_ISSPACE(*line))
     ++line;
   if (*line == '#')
     return 0;
-  if (tor_sscanf(line,"%u,%u,%2s", &low, &high, b) == 3) {
-    geoip_add_entry(low, high, b);
-    return 0;
-  } else if (tor_sscanf(line,"\"%u\",\"%u\",\"%2s\",", &low, &high, b) == 3) {
-    geoip_add_entry(low, high, b);
-    return 0;
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse line from GEOIP file: %s",
-             escaped(line));
-    return -1;
+
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    unsigned int low, high;
+    if (tor_sscanf(line,"%u,%u,%2s", &low, &high, c) == 3 ||
+        tor_sscanf(line,"\"%u\",\"%u\",\"%2s\",", &low, &high, c) == 3) {
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&low_addr, low);
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&high_addr, high);
+    } else
+      goto fail;
+    country = c;
+  } else {                      /* AF_INET6 */
+    char buf[512];
+    char *low_str, *high_str;
+    struct in6_addr low, high;
+    char *strtok_state;
+    strlcpy(buf, line, sizeof(buf));
+    low_str = tor_strtok_r(buf, ",", &strtok_state);
+    if (!low_str)
+      goto fail;
+    high_str = tor_strtok_r(NULL, ",", &strtok_state);
+    if (!high_str)
+      goto fail;
+    country = tor_strtok_r(NULL, "\n", &strtok_state);
+    if (!country)
+      goto fail;
+    if (strlen(country) != 2)
+      goto fail;
+    if (tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, low_str, &low) <= 0)
+      goto fail;
+    tor_addr_from_in6(&low_addr, &low);
+    if (tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, high_str, &high) <= 0)
+      goto fail;
+    tor_addr_from_in6(&high_addr, &high);
   }
+  geoip_add_entry(&low_addr, &high_addr, country);
+  return 0;
+
+  fail:
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to parse line from GEOIP %s file: %s",
+           family == AF_INET ? "IPv4" : "IPv6", escaped(line));
+  return -1;
 }
 
 /** Sorting helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of two
- * geoip_entry_t */
+ * geoip_ipv4_entry_t */
 static int
-_geoip_compare_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+geoip_ipv4_compare_entries_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
-  const geoip_entry_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
+  const geoip_ipv4_entry_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   if (a->ip_low < b->ip_low)
     return -1;
   else if (a->ip_low > b->ip_low)
@@ -144,13 +202,13 @@ _geoip_compare_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 }
 
 /** bsearch helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of an IP (a pointer
- * to a uint32_t in host order) to a geoip_entry_t */
+ * to a uint32_t in host order) to a geoip_ipv4_entry_t */
 static int
-_geoip_compare_key_to_entry(const void *_key, const void **_member)
+geoip_ipv4_compare_key_to_entry_(const void *_key, const void **_member)
 {
   /* No alignment issue here, since _key really is a pointer to uint32_t */
   const uint32_t addr = *(uint32_t *)_key;
-  const geoip_entry_t *entry = *_member;
+  const geoip_ipv4_entry_t *entry = *_member;
   if (addr < entry->ip_low)
     return -1;
   else if (addr > entry->ip_high)
@@ -159,6 +217,34 @@ _geoip_compare_key_to_entry(const void *_key, const void **_member)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/** Sorting helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of two
+ * geoip_ipv6_entry_t */
+static int
+geoip_ipv6_compare_entries_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+{
+  const geoip_ipv6_entry_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
+  return fast_memcmp(a->ip_low.s6_addr, b->ip_low.s6_addr,
+                     sizeof(struct in6_addr));
+}
+
+/** bsearch helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of an IPv6
+ * (a pointer to a in6_addr) to a geoip_ipv6_entry_t */
+static int
+geoip_ipv6_compare_key_to_entry_(const void *_key, const void **_member)
+{
+  const struct in6_addr *addr = (struct in6_addr *)_key;
+  const geoip_ipv6_entry_t *entry = *_member;
+
+  if (fast_memcmp(addr->s6_addr, entry->ip_low.s6_addr,
+             sizeof(struct in6_addr)) < 0)
+    return -1;
+  else if (fast_memcmp(addr->s6_addr, entry->ip_high.s6_addr,
+                  sizeof(struct in6_addr)) > 0)
+    return 1;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /** Return 1 if we should collect geoip stats on bridge users, and
  * include them in our extrainfo descriptor. Else return 0. */
 int
@@ -185,27 +271,35 @@ init_geoip_countries(void)
   strmap_set_lc(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, "??", (void*)(1));
 }
 
-/** Clear the GeoIP database and reload it from the file
- * <b>filename</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+/** Clear appropriate GeoIP database, based on <b>family</b>, and
+ * reload it from the file <b>filename</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on
+ * failure.
  *
- * Recognized line formats are:
+ * Recognized line formats for IPv4 are:
  *   INTIPLOW,INTIPHIGH,CC
  * and
  *   "INTIPLOW","INTIPHIGH","CC","CC3","COUNTRY NAME"
  * where INTIPLOW and INTIPHIGH are IPv4 addresses encoded as 4-byte unsigned
  * integers, and CC is a country code.
  *
+ * Recognized line format for IPv6 is:
+ *   IPV6LOW,IPV6HIGH,CC
+ * where IPV6LOW and IPV6HIGH are IPv6 addresses and CC is a country code.
+ *
  * It also recognizes, and skips over, blank lines and lines that start
  * with '#' (comments).
  */
 int
-geoip_load_file(const char *filename, const or_options_t *options)
+geoip_load_file(sa_family_t family, const char *filename)
 {
   FILE *f;
   const char *msg = "";
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int severity = options_need_geoip_info(options, &msg) ? LOG_WARN : LOG_INFO;
   crypto_digest_t *geoip_digest_env = NULL;
-  clear_geoip_db();
+
+  tor_assert(family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6);
+
   if (!(f = tor_fopen_cloexec(filename, "r"))) {
     log_fn(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Failed to open GEOIP file %s.  %s",
            filename, msg);
@@ -213,33 +307,51 @@ geoip_load_file(const char *filename, const or_options_t *options)
   }
   if (!geoip_countries)
     init_geoip_countries();
-  if (geoip_entries) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_entries, geoip_entry_t *, e, tor_free(e));
-    smartlist_free(geoip_entries);
+
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    if (geoip_ipv4_entries) {
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_ipv4_entries, geoip_ipv4_entry_t *, e,
+                        tor_free(e));
+      smartlist_free(geoip_ipv4_entries);
+    }
+    geoip_ipv4_entries = smartlist_new();
+  } else { /* AF_INET6 */
+    if (geoip_ipv6_entries) {
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_ipv6_entries, geoip_ipv6_entry_t *, e,
+                        tor_free(e));
+      smartlist_free(geoip_ipv6_entries);
+    }
+    geoip_ipv6_entries = smartlist_new();
   }
-  geoip_entries = smartlist_new();
   geoip_digest_env = crypto_digest_new();
-  log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Parsing GEOIP file %s.", filename);
+
+  log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Parsing GEOIP %s file %s.",
+             (family == AF_INET) ? "IPv4" : "IPv6", filename);
   while (!feof(f)) {
     char buf[512];
     if (fgets(buf, (int)sizeof(buf), f) == NULL)
       break;
     crypto_digest_add_bytes(geoip_digest_env, buf, strlen(buf));
     /* FFFF track full country name. */
-    geoip_parse_entry(buf);
+    geoip_parse_entry(buf, family);
   }
   /*XXXX abort and return -1 if no entries/illformed?*/
   fclose(f);
 
-  smartlist_sort(geoip_entries, _geoip_compare_entries);
-
-  /* Okay, now we need to maybe change our mind about what is in which
-   * country. */
-  refresh_all_country_info();
-
-  /* Remember file digest so that we can include it in our extra-info
-   * descriptors. */
-  crypto_digest_get_digest(geoip_digest_env, geoip_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  /* Sort list and remember file digests so that we can include it in
+   * our extra-info descriptors. */
+  if (family == AF_INET) {
+    smartlist_sort(geoip_ipv4_entries, geoip_ipv4_compare_entries_);
+    /* Okay, now we need to maybe change our mind about what is in
+     * which country. We do this for IPv4 only since that's what we
+     * store in node->country. */
+    refresh_all_country_info();
+    crypto_digest_get_digest(geoip_digest_env, geoip_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  } else {
+    /* AF_INET6 */
+    smartlist_sort(geoip_ipv6_entries, geoip_ipv6_compare_entries_);
+    crypto_digest_get_digest(geoip_digest_env, geoip6_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  }
   crypto_digest_free(geoip_digest_env);
 
   return 0;
@@ -252,12 +364,30 @@ geoip_load_file(const char *filename, const or_options_t *options)
  * geoip_get_country_name().
  */
 int
-geoip_get_country_by_ip(uint32_t ipaddr)
+geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(uint32_t ipaddr)
 {
-  geoip_entry_t *ent;
-  if (!geoip_entries)
+  geoip_ipv4_entry_t *ent;
+  if (!geoip_ipv4_entries)
     return -1;
-  ent = smartlist_bsearch(geoip_entries, &ipaddr, _geoip_compare_key_to_entry);
+  ent = smartlist_bsearch(geoip_ipv4_entries, &ipaddr,
+                          geoip_ipv4_compare_key_to_entry_);
+  return ent ? (int)ent->country : 0;
+}
+
+/** Given an IPv6 address, return a number representing the country to
+ * which that address belongs, -1 for "No geoip information available", or
+ * 0 for the 'unknown country'.  The return value will always be less than
+ * geoip_get_n_countries().  To decode it, call geoip_get_country_name().
+ */
+int
+geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(const struct in6_addr *addr)
+{
+  geoip_ipv6_entry_t *ent;
+
+  if (!geoip_ipv6_entries)
+    return -1;
+  ent = smartlist_bsearch(geoip_ipv6_entries, addr,
+                          geoip_ipv6_compare_key_to_entry_);
   return ent ? (int)ent->country : 0;
 }
 
@@ -269,14 +399,16 @@ geoip_get_country_by_ip(uint32_t ipaddr)
 int
 geoip_get_country_by_addr(const tor_addr_t *addr)
 {
-  if (tor_addr_family(addr) != AF_INET) {
-    /*XXXX IP6 support ipv6 geoip.*/
+  if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET) {
+    return geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(addr));
+  } else if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6) {
+    return geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(tor_addr_to_in6(addr));
+  } else {
     return -1;
   }
-  return geoip_get_country_by_ip(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(addr));
 }
 
-/** Return the number of countries recognized by the GeoIP database. */
+/** Return the number of countries recognized by the GeoIP country list. */
 int
 geoip_get_n_countries(void)
 {
@@ -299,18 +431,28 @@ geoip_get_country_name(country_t num)
 
 /** Return true iff we have loaded a GeoIP database.*/
 int
-geoip_is_loaded(void)
+geoip_is_loaded(sa_family_t family)
 {
-  return geoip_countries != NULL && geoip_entries != NULL;
+  tor_assert(family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6);
+  if (geoip_countries == NULL)
+    return 0;
+  if (family == AF_INET)
+    return geoip_ipv4_entries != NULL;
+  else                          /* AF_INET6 */
+    return geoip_ipv6_entries != NULL;
 }
 
 /** Return the hex-encoded SHA1 digest of the loaded GeoIP file. The
  * result does not need to be deallocated, but will be overwritten by the
  * next call of hex_str(). */
 const char *
-geoip_db_digest(void)
+geoip_db_digest(sa_family_t family)
 {
-  return hex_str(geoip_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  tor_assert(family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6);
+  if (family == AF_INET)
+    return hex_str(geoip_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  else                          /* AF_INET6 */
+    return hex_str(geoip6_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 }
 
 /** Entry in a map from IP address to the last time we've seen an incoming
@@ -372,67 +514,6 @@ client_history_clear(void)
   }
 }
 
-/** How often do we update our estimate which share of v2 and v3 directory
- * requests is sent to us? We could as well trigger updates of shares from
- * network status updates, but that means adding a lot of calls into code
- * that is independent from geoip stats (and keeping them up-to-date). We
- * are perfectly fine with an approximation of 15-minute granularity. */
-#define REQUEST_SHARE_INTERVAL (15 * 60)
-
-/** When did we last determine which share of v2 and v3 directory requests
- * is sent to us? */
-static time_t last_time_determined_shares = 0;
-
-/** Sum of products of v2 shares times the number of seconds for which we
- * consider these shares as valid. */
-static double v2_share_times_seconds;
-
-/** Sum of products of v3 shares times the number of seconds for which we
- * consider these shares as valid. */
-static double v3_share_times_seconds;
-
-/** Number of seconds we are determining v2 and v3 shares. */
-static int share_seconds;
-
-/** Try to determine which fraction of v2 and v3 directory requests aimed at
- * caches will be sent to us at time <b>now</b> and store that value in
- * order to take a mean value later on. */
-static void
-geoip_determine_shares(time_t now)
-{
-  double v2_share = 0.0, v3_share = 0.0;
-  if (router_get_my_share_of_directory_requests(&v2_share, &v3_share) < 0)
-    return;
-  if (last_time_determined_shares) {
-    v2_share_times_seconds += v2_share *
-        ((double) (now - last_time_determined_shares));
-    v3_share_times_seconds += v3_share *
-        ((double) (now - last_time_determined_shares));
-    share_seconds += (int)(now - last_time_determined_shares);
-  }
-  last_time_determined_shares = now;
-}
-
-/** Calculate which fraction of v2 and v3 directory requests aimed at caches
- * have been sent to us since the last call of this function up to time
- * <b>now</b>. Set *<b>v2_share_out</b> and *<b>v3_share_out</b> to the
- * fractions of v2 and v3 protocol shares we expect to have seen. Reset
- * counters afterwards. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure (e.g. when zero
- * seconds have passed since the last call).*/
-static int
-geoip_get_mean_shares(time_t now, double *v2_share_out,
-                         double *v3_share_out)
-{
-  geoip_determine_shares(now);
-  if (!share_seconds)
-    return -1;
-  *v2_share_out = v2_share_times_seconds / ((double) share_seconds);
-  *v3_share_out = v3_share_times_seconds / ((double) share_seconds);
-  v2_share_times_seconds = v3_share_times_seconds = 0.0;
-  share_seconds = 0;
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /** Note that we've seen a client connect from the IP <b>addr</b>
  * at time <b>now</b>. Ignored by all but bridges and directories if
  * configured accordingly. */
@@ -467,29 +548,21 @@ geoip_note_client_seen(geoip_client_action_t action,
   else
     ent->last_seen_in_minutes = 0;
 
-  if (action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS ||
-      action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2) {
+  if (action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS) {
     int country_idx = geoip_get_country_by_addr(addr);
     if (country_idx < 0)
       country_idx = 0; /** unresolved requests are stored at index 0. */
     if (country_idx >= 0 && country_idx < smartlist_len(geoip_countries)) {
       geoip_country_t *country = smartlist_get(geoip_countries, country_idx);
-      if (action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS)
-        ++country->n_v3_ns_requests;
-      else
-        ++country->n_v2_ns_requests;
+      ++country->n_v3_ns_requests;
     }
-
-    /* Periodically determine share of requests that we should see */
-    if (last_time_determined_shares + REQUEST_SHARE_INTERVAL < now)
-      geoip_determine_shares(now);
   }
 }
 
 /** HT_FOREACH helper: remove a clientmap_entry_t from the hashtable if it's
  * older than a certain time. */
 static int
-_remove_old_client_helper(struct clientmap_entry_t *ent, void *_cutoff)
+remove_old_client_helper_(struct clientmap_entry_t *ent, void *_cutoff)
 {
   time_t cutoff = *(time_t*)_cutoff / 60;
   if (ent->last_seen_in_minutes < cutoff) {
@@ -505,40 +578,28 @@ void
 geoip_remove_old_clients(time_t cutoff)
 {
   clientmap_HT_FOREACH_FN(&client_history,
-                          _remove_old_client_helper,
+                          remove_old_client_helper_,
                           &cutoff);
 }
 
-/** How many responses are we giving to clients requesting v2 network
- * statuses? */
-static uint32_t ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_NS_RESPONSE_NUM];
-
 /** How many responses are we giving to clients requesting v3 network
  * statuses? */
 static uint32_t ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_NS_RESPONSE_NUM];
 
-/** Note that we've rejected a client's request for a v2 or v3 network
- * status, encoded in <b>action</b> for reason <b>reason</b> at time
- * <b>now</b>. */
+/** Note that we've rejected a client's request for a v3 network status
+ * for reason <b>reason</b> at time <b>now</b>. */
 void
-geoip_note_ns_response(geoip_client_action_t action,
-                       geoip_ns_response_t response)
+geoip_note_ns_response(geoip_ns_response_t response)
 {
   static int arrays_initialized = 0;
   if (!get_options()->DirReqStatistics)
     return;
   if (!arrays_initialized) {
-    memset(ns_v2_responses, 0, sizeof(ns_v2_responses));
     memset(ns_v3_responses, 0, sizeof(ns_v3_responses));
     arrays_initialized = 1;
   }
-  tor_assert(action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS ||
-             action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2);
   tor_assert(response < GEOIP_NS_RESPONSE_NUM);
-  if (action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS)
-    ns_v3_responses[response]++;
-  else
-    ns_v2_responses[response]++;
+  ns_v3_responses[response]++;
 }
 
 /** Do not mention any country from which fewer than this number of IPs have
@@ -559,10 +620,10 @@ typedef struct c_hist_t {
 } c_hist_t;
 
 /** Sorting helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of two
- * geoip_entry_t.  Sort in descending order of total, and then by country
+ * geoip_ipv4_entry_t.  Sort in descending order of total, and then by country
  * code. */
 static int
-_c_hist_compare(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+c_hist_compare_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const c_hist_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   if (a->total > b->total)
@@ -578,7 +639,7 @@ _c_hist_compare(const void **_a, const void **_b)
  * failed, the others as still running. */
 #define DIRREQ_TIMEOUT (10*60)
 
-/** Entry in a map from either conn->global_identifier for direct requests
+/** Entry in a map from either chan->global_identifier for direct requests
  * or a unique circuit identifier for tunneled requests to request time,
  * response size, and completion time of a network status request. Used to
  * measure download times of requests to derive average client
@@ -586,14 +647,13 @@ _c_hist_compare(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 typedef struct dirreq_map_entry_t {
   HT_ENTRY(dirreq_map_entry_t) node;
   /** Unique identifier for this network status request; this is either the
-   * conn->global_identifier of the dir conn (direct request) or a new
+   * chan->global_identifier of the dir channel (direct request) or a new
    * locally unique identifier of a circuit (tunneled request). This ID is
    * only unique among other direct or tunneled requests, respectively. */
   uint64_t dirreq_id;
   unsigned int state:3; /**< State of this directory request. */
   unsigned int type:1; /**< Is this a direct or a tunneled request? */
   unsigned int completed:1; /**< Is this request complete? */
-  unsigned int action:2; /**< Is this a v2 or v3 request? */
   /** When did we receive the request and started sending the response? */
   struct timeval request_time;
   size_t response_size; /**< What is the size of the response in bytes? */
@@ -631,7 +691,7 @@ HT_GENERATE(dirreqmap, dirreq_map_entry_t, node, dirreq_map_ent_hash,
  * <b>type</b> and <b>dirreq_id</b> as key parts. If there is
  * already an entry for that key, print out a BUG warning and return. */
 static void
-_dirreq_map_put(dirreq_map_entry_t *entry, dirreq_type_t type,
+dirreq_map_put_(dirreq_map_entry_t *entry, dirreq_type_t type,
                uint64_t dirreq_id)
 {
   dirreq_map_entry_t *old_ent;
@@ -653,7 +713,7 @@ _dirreq_map_put(dirreq_map_entry_t *entry, dirreq_type_t type,
  * using <b>type</b> and <b>dirreq_id</b> as key parts. If there
  * is no such entry, return NULL. */
 static dirreq_map_entry_t *
-_dirreq_map_get(dirreq_type_t type, uint64_t dirreq_id)
+dirreq_map_get_(dirreq_type_t type, uint64_t dirreq_id)
 {
   dirreq_map_entry_t lookup;
   lookup.type = type;
@@ -662,12 +722,11 @@ _dirreq_map_get(dirreq_type_t type, uint64_t dirreq_id)
 }
 
 /** Note that an either direct or tunneled (see <b>type</b>) directory
- * request for a network status with unique ID <b>dirreq_id</b> of size
- * <b>response_size</b> and action <b>action</b> (either v2 or v3) has
- * started. */
+ * request for a v3 network status with unique ID <b>dirreq_id</b> of size
+ * <b>response_size</b> has started. */
 void
 geoip_start_dirreq(uint64_t dirreq_id, size_t response_size,
-                   geoip_client_action_t action, dirreq_type_t type)
+                   dirreq_type_t type)
 {
   dirreq_map_entry_t *ent;
   if (!get_options()->DirReqStatistics)
@@ -676,9 +735,8 @@ geoip_start_dirreq(uint64_t dirreq_id, size_t response_size,
   ent->dirreq_id = dirreq_id;
   tor_gettimeofday(&ent->request_time);
   ent->response_size = response_size;
-  ent->action = action;
   ent->type = type;
-  _dirreq_map_put(ent, type, dirreq_id);
+  dirreq_map_put_(ent, type, dirreq_id);
 }
 
 /** Change the state of the either direct or tunneled (see <b>type</b>)
@@ -694,7 +752,7 @@ geoip_change_dirreq_state(uint64_t dirreq_id, dirreq_type_t type,
   dirreq_map_entry_t *ent;
   if (!get_options()->DirReqStatistics)
     return;
-  ent = _dirreq_map_get(type, dirreq_id);
+  ent = dirreq_map_get_(type, dirreq_id);
   if (!ent)
     return;
   if (new_state == DIRREQ_IS_FOR_NETWORK_STATUS)
@@ -705,7 +763,7 @@ geoip_change_dirreq_state(uint64_t dirreq_id, dirreq_type_t type,
   if ((type == DIRREQ_DIRECT &&
          new_state == DIRREQ_FLUSHING_DIR_CONN_FINISHED) ||
       (type == DIRREQ_TUNNELED &&
-         new_state == DIRREQ_OR_CONN_BUFFER_FLUSHED)) {
+         new_state == DIRREQ_CHANNEL_BUFFER_FLUSHED)) {
     tor_gettimeofday(&ent->completion_time);
     ent->completed = 1;
   }
@@ -717,8 +775,7 @@ geoip_change_dirreq_state(uint64_t dirreq_id, dirreq_type_t type,
  * times by deciles and quartiles. Return NULL if we have not observed
  * requests for long enough. */
 static char *
-geoip_get_dirreq_history(geoip_client_action_t action,
-                           dirreq_type_t type)
+geoip_get_dirreq_history(dirreq_type_t type)
 {
   char *result = NULL;
   smartlist_t *dirreq_completed = NULL;
@@ -728,13 +785,10 @@ geoip_get_dirreq_history(geoip_client_action_t action,
   struct timeval now;
 
   tor_gettimeofday(&now);
-  if (action != GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS &&
-      action != GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2)
-    return NULL;
   dirreq_completed = smartlist_new();
   for (ptr = HT_START(dirreqmap, &dirreq_map); ptr; ptr = next) {
     ent = *ptr;
-    if (ent->action != action || ent->type != type) {
+    if (ent->type != type) {
       next = HT_NEXT(dirreqmap, &dirreq_map, ptr);
       continue;
     } else {
@@ -813,27 +867,35 @@ geoip_get_dirreq_history(geoip_client_action_t action,
   return result;
 }
 
-/** Return a newly allocated comma-separated string containing entries for
- * all the countries from which we've seen enough clients connect as a
- * bridge, directory server, or entry guard. The entry format is cc=num
- * where num is the number of IPs we've seen connecting from that country,
- * and cc is a lowercased country code. Returns NULL if we don't want
- * to export geoip data yet. */
-char *
-geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
+/** Store a newly allocated comma-separated string in
+ * *<a>country_str</a> containing entries for all the countries from
+ * which we've seen enough clients connect as a bridge, directory
+ * server, or entry guard. The entry format is cc=num where num is the
+ * number of IPs we've seen connecting from that country, and cc is a
+ * lowercased country code. *<a>country_str</a> is set to NULL if
+ * we're not ready to export per country data yet.
+ *
+ * Store a newly allocated comma-separated string in <a>ipver_str</a>
+ * containing entries for clients connecting over IPv4 and IPv6. The
+ * format is family=num where num is the nubmer of IPs we've seen
+ * connecting over that protocol family, and family is 'v4' or 'v6'.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success and -1 if we're missing geoip data. */
+int
+geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action,
+                         char **country_str, char **ipver_str)
 {
-  char *result = NULL;
   unsigned granularity = IP_GRANULARITY;
-  smartlist_t *chunks = NULL;
   smartlist_t *entries = NULL;
   int n_countries = geoip_get_n_countries();
   int i;
   clientmap_entry_t **ent;
   unsigned *counts = NULL;
   unsigned total = 0;
+  unsigned ipv4_count = 0, ipv6_count = 0;
 
-  if (!geoip_is_loaded())
-    return NULL;
+  if (!geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET) && !geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET6))
+    return -1;
 
   counts = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(unsigned)*n_countries);
   HT_FOREACH(ent, clientmap, &client_history) {
@@ -846,10 +908,34 @@ geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
     tor_assert(0 <= country && country < n_countries);
     ++counts[country];
     ++total;
+    switch (tor_addr_family(&(*ent)->addr)) {
+    case AF_INET:
+      ipv4_count++;
+      break;
+    case AF_INET6:
+      ipv6_count++;
+      break;
+    }
   }
-  /* Don't record anything if we haven't seen enough IPs. */
-  if (total < MIN_IPS_TO_NOTE_ANYTHING)
-    goto done;
+  if (ipver_str) {
+    smartlist_t *chunks = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "v4=%u",
+                           round_to_next_multiple_of(ipv4_count, granularity));
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "v6=%u",
+                           round_to_next_multiple_of(ipv6_count, granularity));
+    *ipver_str = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, ",", 0, NULL);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, c, tor_free(c));
+    smartlist_free(chunks);
+  }
+
+  /* Don't record per country data if we haven't seen enough IPs. */
+  if (total < MIN_IPS_TO_NOTE_ANYTHING) {
+    tor_free(counts);
+    if (country_str)
+      *country_str = NULL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   /* Make a list of c_hist_t */
   entries = smartlist_new();
   for (i = 0; i < n_countries; ++i) {
@@ -868,40 +954,35 @@ geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
   }
   /* Sort entries. Note that we must do this _AFTER_ rounding, or else
    * the sort order could leak info. */
-  smartlist_sort(entries, _c_hist_compare);
-
-  /* Build the result. */
-  chunks = smartlist_new();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, c_hist_t *, ch, {
-      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "%s=%u", ch->country, ch->total);
-  });
-  result = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, ",", 0, NULL);
- done:
-  tor_free(counts);
-  if (chunks) {
+  smartlist_sort(entries, c_hist_compare_);
+
+  if (country_str) {
+    smartlist_t *chunks = smartlist_new();
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, c_hist_t *, ch, {
+        smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "%s=%u", ch->country, ch->total);
+      });
+    *country_str = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, ",", 0, NULL);
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, c, tor_free(c));
     smartlist_free(chunks);
   }
-  if (entries) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, c_hist_t *, c, tor_free(c));
-    smartlist_free(entries);
-  }
-  return result;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, c_hist_t *, c, tor_free(c));
+  smartlist_free(entries);
+  tor_free(counts);
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /** Return a newly allocated string holding the per-country request history
- * for <b>action</b> in a format suitable for an extra-info document, or NULL
- * on failure. */
+ * for v3 network statuses in a format suitable for an extra-info document,
+ * or NULL on failure. */
 char *
-geoip_get_request_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
+geoip_get_request_history(void)
 {
   smartlist_t *entries, *strings;
   char *result;
   unsigned granularity = IP_GRANULARITY;
 
-  if (action != GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS &&
-      action != GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2)
-    return NULL;
   if (!geoip_countries)
     return NULL;
 
@@ -909,8 +990,7 @@ geoip_get_request_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(geoip_countries, geoip_country_t *, c) {
       uint32_t tot = 0;
       c_hist_t *ent;
-      tot = (action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS) ?
-            c->n_v3_ns_requests : c->n_v2_ns_requests;
+      tot = c->n_v3_ns_requests;
       if (!tot)
         continue;
       ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(c_hist_t));
@@ -918,7 +998,7 @@ geoip_get_request_history(geoip_client_action_t action)
       ent->total = round_to_next_multiple_of(tot, granularity);
       smartlist_add(entries, ent);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(c);
-  smartlist_sort(entries, _c_hist_compare);
+  smartlist_sort(entries, c_hist_compare_);
 
   strings = smartlist_new();
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(entries, c_hist_t *, ent, {
@@ -948,14 +1028,13 @@ void
 geoip_reset_dirreq_stats(time_t now)
 {
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_countries, geoip_country_t *, c, {
-      c->n_v2_ns_requests = c->n_v3_ns_requests = 0;
+      c->n_v3_ns_requests = 0;
   });
   {
     clientmap_entry_t **ent, **next, *this;
     for (ent = HT_START(clientmap, &client_history); ent != NULL;
          ent = next) {
-      if ((*ent)->action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS ||
-          (*ent)->action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2) {
+      if ((*ent)->action == GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS) {
         this = *ent;
         next = HT_NEXT_RMV(clientmap, &client_history, ent);
         tor_free(this);
@@ -964,10 +1043,6 @@ geoip_reset_dirreq_stats(time_t now)
       }
     }
   }
-  v2_share_times_seconds = v3_share_times_seconds = 0.0;
-  last_time_determined_shares = 0;
-  share_seconds = 0;
-  memset(ns_v2_responses, 0, sizeof(ns_v2_responses));
   memset(ns_v3_responses, 0, sizeof(ns_v3_responses));
   {
     dirreq_map_entry_t **ent, **next, *this;
@@ -995,12 +1070,9 @@ char *
 geoip_format_dirreq_stats(time_t now)
 {
   char t[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
-  double v2_share = 0.0, v3_share = 0.0;
   int i;
-  char *v3_ips_string, *v2_ips_string, *v3_reqs_string, *v2_reqs_string,
-       *v2_share_string = NULL, *v3_share_string = NULL,
-       *v3_direct_dl_string, *v2_direct_dl_string,
-       *v3_tunneled_dl_string, *v2_tunneled_dl_string;
+  char *v3_ips_string, *v3_reqs_string, *v3_direct_dl_string,
+       *v3_tunneled_dl_string;
   char *result;
 
   if (!start_of_dirreq_stats_interval)
@@ -1009,89 +1081,45 @@ geoip_format_dirreq_stats(time_t now)
   tor_assert(now >= start_of_dirreq_stats_interval);
 
   format_iso_time(t, now);
-  v2_ips_string = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2);
-  v3_ips_string = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS);
-  v2_reqs_string = geoip_get_request_history(
-                   GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2);
-  v3_reqs_string = geoip_get_request_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &v3_ips_string, NULL);
+  v3_reqs_string = geoip_get_request_history();
 
 #define RESPONSE_GRANULARITY 8
   for (i = 0; i < GEOIP_NS_RESPONSE_NUM; i++) {
-    ns_v2_responses[i] = round_uint32_to_next_multiple_of(
-                               ns_v2_responses[i], RESPONSE_GRANULARITY);
     ns_v3_responses[i] = round_uint32_to_next_multiple_of(
                                ns_v3_responses[i], RESPONSE_GRANULARITY);
   }
 #undef RESPONSE_GRANULARITY
 
-  if (!geoip_get_mean_shares(now, &v2_share, &v3_share)) {
-    tor_asprintf(&v2_share_string, "dirreq-v2-share %0.2f%%\n",
-                 v2_share*100);
-    tor_asprintf(&v3_share_string, "dirreq-v3-share %0.2f%%\n",
-                 v3_share*100);
-  }
-
-  v2_direct_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(
-                        GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2, DIRREQ_DIRECT);
-  v3_direct_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(
-                        GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, DIRREQ_DIRECT);
-
-  v2_tunneled_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(
-                          GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS_V2, DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
-  v3_tunneled_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(
-                          GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
+  v3_direct_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(DIRREQ_DIRECT);
+  v3_tunneled_dl_string = geoip_get_dirreq_history(DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
 
   /* Put everything together into a single string. */
   tor_asprintf(&result, "dirreq-stats-end %s (%d s)\n"
               "dirreq-v3-ips %s\n"
-              "dirreq-v2-ips %s\n"
               "dirreq-v3-reqs %s\n"
-              "dirreq-v2-reqs %s\n"
               "dirreq-v3-resp ok=%u,not-enough-sigs=%u,unavailable=%u,"
                    "not-found=%u,not-modified=%u,busy=%u\n"
-              "dirreq-v2-resp ok=%u,unavailable=%u,"
-                   "not-found=%u,not-modified=%u,busy=%u\n"
-              "%s"
-              "%s"
               "dirreq-v3-direct-dl %s\n"
-              "dirreq-v2-direct-dl %s\n"
-              "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl %s\n"
-              "dirreq-v2-tunneled-dl %s\n",
+              "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl %s\n",
               t,
               (unsigned) (now - start_of_dirreq_stats_interval),
               v3_ips_string ? v3_ips_string : "",
-              v2_ips_string ? v2_ips_string : "",
               v3_reqs_string ? v3_reqs_string : "",
-              v2_reqs_string ? v2_reqs_string : "",
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_SUCCESS],
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_ENOUGH_SIGS],
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_UNAVAILABLE],
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_FOUND],
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_MODIFIED],
               ns_v3_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_BUSY],
-              ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_SUCCESS],
-              ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_UNAVAILABLE],
-              ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_FOUND],
-              ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_NOT_MODIFIED],
-              ns_v2_responses[GEOIP_REJECT_BUSY],
-              v2_share_string ? v2_share_string : "",
-              v3_share_string ? v3_share_string : "",
               v3_direct_dl_string ? v3_direct_dl_string : "",
-              v2_direct_dl_string ? v2_direct_dl_string : "",
-              v3_tunneled_dl_string ? v3_tunneled_dl_string : "",
-              v2_tunneled_dl_string ? v2_tunneled_dl_string : "");
+              v3_tunneled_dl_string ? v3_tunneled_dl_string : "");
 
   /* Free partial strings. */
   tor_free(v3_ips_string);
-  tor_free(v2_ips_string);
   tor_free(v3_reqs_string);
-  tor_free(v2_reqs_string);
-  tor_free(v2_share_string);
-  tor_free(v3_share_string);
   tor_free(v3_direct_dl_string);
-  tor_free(v2_direct_dl_string);
   tor_free(v3_tunneled_dl_string);
-  tor_free(v2_tunneled_dl_string);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -1216,7 +1244,7 @@ static char *bridge_stats_extrainfo = NULL;
 char *
 geoip_format_bridge_stats(time_t now)
 {
-  char *out = NULL, *data = NULL;
+  char *out = NULL, *country_data = NULL, *ipver_data = NULL;
   long duration = now - start_of_bridge_stats_interval;
   char written[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
 
@@ -1226,14 +1254,17 @@ geoip_format_bridge_stats(time_t now)
     return NULL; /* Not initialized. */
 
   format_iso_time(written, now);
-  data = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &country_data, &ipver_data);
 
   tor_asprintf(&out,
                "bridge-stats-end %s (%ld s)\n"
-               "bridge-ips %s\n",
+               "bridge-ips %s\n"
+               "bridge-ip-versions %s\n",
                written, duration,
-               data ? data : "");
-  tor_free(data);
+               country_data ? country_data : "",
+               ipver_data ? ipver_data : "");
+  tor_free(country_data);
+  tor_free(ipver_data);
 
   return out;
 }
@@ -1244,17 +1275,20 @@ geoip_format_bridge_stats(time_t now)
 static char *
 format_bridge_stats_controller(time_t now)
 {
-  char *out = NULL, *data = NULL;
+  char *out = NULL, *country_data = NULL, *ipver_data = NULL;
   char started[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
   (void) now;
 
   format_iso_time(started, start_of_bridge_stats_interval);
-  data = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &country_data, &ipver_data);
 
   tor_asprintf(&out,
-               "TimeStarted=\"%s\" CountrySummary=%s",
-               started, data ? data : "");
-  tor_free(data);
+               "TimeStarted=\"%s\" CountrySummary=%s IPVersions=%s",
+               started,
+               country_data ? country_data : "",
+               ipver_data ? ipver_data : "");
+  tor_free(country_data);
+  tor_free(ipver_data);
   return out;
 }
 
@@ -1316,8 +1350,11 @@ load_bridge_stats(time_t now)
 
   fname = get_datadir_fname2("stats", "bridge-stats");
   contents = read_file_to_str(fname, RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL);
-  if (contents && validate_bridge_stats(contents, now))
+  if (contents && validate_bridge_stats(contents, now)) {
     bridge_stats_extrainfo = contents;
+  } else {
+    tor_free(contents);
+  }
 
   tor_free(fname);
 }
@@ -1381,11 +1418,13 @@ geoip_format_entry_stats(time_t now)
 
   tor_assert(now >= start_of_entry_stats_interval);
 
-  data = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &data, NULL);
   format_iso_time(t, now);
-  tor_asprintf(&result, "entry-stats-end %s (%u s)\nentry-ips %s\n",
-              t, (unsigned) (now - start_of_entry_stats_interval),
-              data ? data : "");
+  tor_asprintf(&result,
+               "entry-stats-end %s (%u s)\n"
+               "entry-ips %s\n",
+               t, (unsigned) (now - start_of_entry_stats_interval),
+               data ? data : "");
   tor_free(data);
   return result;
 }
@@ -1437,25 +1476,30 @@ getinfo_helper_geoip(control_connection_t *control_conn,
                      const char **errmsg)
 {
   (void)control_conn;
-  if (!geoip_is_loaded()) {
-    *errmsg = "GeoIP data not loaded";
-    return -1;
-  }
   if (!strcmpstart(question, "ip-to-country/")) {
     int c;
-    uint32_t ip;
-    struct in_addr in;
+    sa_family_t family;
+    tor_addr_t addr;
     question += strlen("ip-to-country/");
-    if (tor_inet_aton(question, &in) != 0) {
-      ip = ntohl(in.s_addr);
-      c = geoip_get_country_by_ip(ip);
-      *answer = tor_strdup(geoip_get_country_name(c));
+    family = tor_addr_parse(&addr, question);
+    if (family != AF_INET && family != AF_INET6) {
+      *errmsg = "Invalid address family";
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (!geoip_is_loaded(family)) {
+      *errmsg = "GeoIP data not loaded";
+      return -1;
     }
+    if (family == AF_INET)
+      c = geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&addr));
+    else                      /* AF_INET6 */
+      c = geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(tor_addr_to_in6(&addr));
+    *answer = tor_strdup(geoip_get_country_name(c));
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Release all storage held by the GeoIP database. */
+/** Release all storage held by the GeoIP databases and country list. */
 static void
 clear_geoip_db(void)
 {
@@ -1465,13 +1509,20 @@ clear_geoip_db(void)
   }
 
   strmap_free(country_idxplus1_by_lc_code, NULL);
-  if (geoip_entries) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_entries, geoip_entry_t *, ent, tor_free(ent));
-    smartlist_free(geoip_entries);
+  if (geoip_ipv4_entries) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_ipv4_entries, geoip_ipv4_entry_t *, ent,
+                      tor_free(ent));
+    smartlist_free(geoip_ipv4_entries);
+  }
+  if (geoip_ipv6_entries) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(geoip_ipv6_entries, geoip_ipv6_entry_t *, ent,
+                      tor_free(ent));
+    smartlist_free(geoip_ipv6_entries);
   }
   geoip_countries = NULL;
   country_idxplus1_by_lc_code = NULL;
-  geoip_entries = NULL;
+  geoip_ipv4_entries = NULL;
+  geoip_ipv6_entries = NULL;
 }
 
 /** Release all storage held in this file. */
diff --git a/src/or/geoip.h b/src/or/geoip.h
index 4aed4e07bb..ebefee5f4e 100644
--- a/src/or/geoip.h
+++ b/src/or/geoip.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,37 +9,38 @@
  * \brief Header file for geoip.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_GEOIP_H
-#define _TOR_GEOIP_H
+#ifndef TOR_GEOIP_H
+#define TOR_GEOIP_H
 
 #ifdef GEOIP_PRIVATE
-int geoip_parse_entry(const char *line);
+int geoip_parse_entry(const char *line, sa_family_t family);
+int geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(uint32_t ipaddr);
+int geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(const struct in6_addr *addr);
 #endif
 int should_record_bridge_info(const or_options_t *options);
-int geoip_load_file(const char *filename, const or_options_t *options);
-int geoip_get_country_by_ip(uint32_t ipaddr);
+int geoip_load_file(sa_family_t family, const char *filename);
 int geoip_get_country_by_addr(const tor_addr_t *addr);
 int geoip_get_n_countries(void);
 const char *geoip_get_country_name(country_t num);
-int geoip_is_loaded(void);
-const char *geoip_db_digest(void);
+int geoip_is_loaded(sa_family_t family);
+const char *geoip_db_digest(sa_family_t family);
 country_t geoip_get_country(const char *countrycode);
 
 void geoip_note_client_seen(geoip_client_action_t action,
                             const tor_addr_t *addr, time_t now);
 void geoip_remove_old_clients(time_t cutoff);
 
-void geoip_note_ns_response(geoip_client_action_t action,
-                            geoip_ns_response_t response);
-char *geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action);
-char *geoip_get_request_history(geoip_client_action_t action);
+void geoip_note_ns_response(geoip_ns_response_t response);
+int geoip_get_client_history(geoip_client_action_t action,
+                             char **country_str, char **ipver_str);
+char *geoip_get_request_history(void);
 int getinfo_helper_geoip(control_connection_t *control_conn,
                          const char *question, char **answer,
                          const char **errmsg);
 void geoip_free_all(void);
 
 void geoip_start_dirreq(uint64_t dirreq_id, size_t response_size,
-                        geoip_client_action_t action, dirreq_type_t type);
+                        dirreq_type_t type);
 void geoip_change_dirreq_state(uint64_t dirreq_id, dirreq_type_t type,
                                dirreq_state_t new_state);
 
diff --git a/src/or/hibernate.c b/src/or/hibernate.c
index 3a9c1e4224..a412571331 100644
--- a/src/or/hibernate.c
+++ b/src/or/hibernate.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -23,12 +23,15 @@ hibernating, phase 2:
 
 #define HIBERNATE_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "router.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
 
 extern long stats_n_seconds_working; /* published uptime */
 
@@ -503,10 +506,6 @@ accounting_run_housekeeping(time_t now)
   }
 }
 
-/** When we have no idea how fast we are, how long do we assume it will take
- * us to exhaust our bandwidth? */
-#define GUESS_TIME_TO_USE_BANDWIDTH (24*60*60)
-
 /** Based on our interval and our estimated bandwidth, choose a
  * deterministic (but random-ish) time to wake up. */
 static void
@@ -845,7 +844,13 @@ hibernate_go_dormant(time_t now)
     if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_AP) /* send socks failure if needed */
       connection_mark_unattached_ap(TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn),
                                     END_STREAM_REASON_HIBERNATING);
-    else
+    else if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
+      if (TO_OR_CONN(conn)->chan) {
+        channel_mark_for_close(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(TO_OR_CONN(conn)->chan));
+      } else {
+         connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+      }
+    } else
       connection_mark_for_close(conn);
   }
 
@@ -881,12 +886,12 @@ hibernate_end_time_elapsed(time_t now)
       /* We weren't sleeping before; we should sleep now. */
       log_notice(LD_ACCT,
                  "Accounting period ended. Commencing hibernation until "
-                 "%s GMT", buf);
+                 "%s UTC", buf);
       hibernate_go_dormant(now);
     } else {
       log_notice(LD_ACCT,
              "Accounting period ended. This period, we will hibernate"
-             " until %s GMT",buf);
+             " until %s UTC",buf);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/or/hibernate.h b/src/or/hibernate.h
index 9aa026b7b0..d2d6989e10 100644
--- a/src/or/hibernate.h
+++ b/src/or/hibernate.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for hibernate.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_HIBERNATE_H
-#define _TOR_HIBERNATE_H
+#ifndef TOR_HIBERNATE_H
+#define TOR_HIBERNATE_H
 
 int accounting_parse_options(const or_options_t *options, int validate_only);
 int accounting_is_enabled(const or_options_t *options);
diff --git a/src/or/include.am b/src/or/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65dbeff53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+bin_PROGRAMS+= src/or/tor
+noinst_LIBRARIES+= src/or/libtor.a
+
+if BUILD_NT_SERVICES
+tor_platform_source=src/or/ntmain.c
+else
+tor_platform_source=
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST+= src/or/ntmain.c src/or/or_sha1.i src/or/Makefile.nmake
+
+if USE_EXTERNAL_EVDNS
+evdns_source=
+else
+evdns_source=src/ext/eventdns.c
+endif
+
+if CURVE25519_ENABLED
+onion_ntor_source=src/or/onion_ntor.c
+else
+onion_ntor_source=
+endif
+
+src_or_libtor_a_SOURCES = \
+	src/or/addressmap.c				\
+	src/or/buffers.c				\
+	src/or/channel.c				\
+	src/or/channeltls.c				\
+	src/or/circuitbuild.c				\
+	src/or/circuitlist.c				\
+	src/or/circuitmux.c				\
+	src/or/circuitmux_ewma.c			\
+	src/or/circuitstats.c				\
+	src/or/circuituse.c				\
+	src/or/command.c				\
+	src/or/config.c					\
+	src/or/confparse.c				\
+	src/or/connection.c				\
+	src/or/connection_edge.c			\
+	src/or/connection_or.c				\
+	src/or/control.c				\
+	src/or/cpuworker.c				\
+	src/or/directory.c				\
+	src/or/dirserv.c				\
+	src/or/dirvote.c				\
+	src/or/dns.c					\
+	src/or/dnsserv.c				\
+        src/or/fp_pair.c				\
+	src/or/geoip.c					\
+	src/or/entrynodes.c				\
+	src/or/hibernate.c				\
+	src/or/main.c					\
+	src/or/microdesc.c				\
+	src/or/networkstatus.c				\
+	src/or/nodelist.c				\
+	src/or/onion.c					\
+	src/or/onion_fast.c				\
+	src/or/onion_tap.c				\
+	src/or/transports.c				\
+	src/or/policies.c				\
+	src/or/reasons.c				\
+	src/or/relay.c					\
+	src/or/rendclient.c				\
+	src/or/rendcommon.c				\
+	src/or/rendmid.c				\
+	src/or/rendservice.c				\
+	src/or/rephist.c				\
+	src/or/replaycache.c				\
+	src/or/router.c					\
+	src/or/routerlist.c				\
+	src/or/routerparse.c				\
+	src/or/routerset.c				\
+	src/or/statefile.c				\
+	src/or/status.c					\
+	$(evdns_source)					\
+	$(tor_platform_source)				\
+	$(onion_ntor_source)				\
+	src/or/config_codedigest.c
+
+#libtor_a_LIBADD = ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
+#	../common/libor-event.a
+
+
+src_or_tor_SOURCES = src/or/tor_main.c
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -I$(srcdir)/src/or -Isrc/or
+
+src/or/tor_main.o: micro-revision.i
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -DSHARE_DATADIR="\"$(datadir)\"" \
+        -DLOCALSTATEDIR="\"$(localstatedir)\"" \
+        -DBINDIR="\"$(bindir)\""
+
+# -L flags need to go in LDFLAGS. -l flags need to go in LDADD.
+# This seems to matter nowhere but on windows, but I assure you that it
+# matters a lot there, and is quite hard to debug if you forget to do it.
+
+
+src_or_tor_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
+src_or_tor_LDADD = src/or/libtor.a src/common/libor.a \
+	src/common/libor-crypto.a $(LIBDONNA) \
+	src/common/libor-event.a \
+	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
+	@TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+
+ORHEADERS = \
+	src/or/addressmap.h				\
+	src/or/buffers.h				\
+	src/or/channel.h				\
+	src/or/channeltls.h				\
+	src/or/circuitbuild.h				\
+	src/or/circuitlist.h				\
+	src/or/circuitmux.h				\
+	src/or/circuitmux_ewma.h			\
+	src/or/circuitstats.h				\
+	src/or/circuituse.h				\
+	src/or/command.h				\
+	src/or/config.h					\
+	src/or/confparse.h				\
+	src/or/connection.h				\
+	src/or/connection_edge.h			\
+	src/or/connection_or.h				\
+	src/or/control.h				\
+	src/or/cpuworker.h				\
+	src/or/directory.h				\
+	src/or/dirserv.h				\
+	src/or/dirvote.h				\
+	src/or/dns.h					\
+	src/or/dnsserv.h				\
+	src/or/eventdns_tor.h				\
+	src/or/fp_pair.h				\
+	src/or/geoip.h					\
+	src/or/entrynodes.h				\
+	src/or/hibernate.h				\
+	src/or/main.h					\
+	src/or/microdesc.h				\
+	src/or/networkstatus.h				\
+	src/or/nodelist.h				\
+	src/or/ntmain.h					\
+	src/or/onion.h					\
+	src/or/onion_fast.h				\
+	src/or/onion_ntor.h				\
+	src/or/onion_tap.h				\
+	src/or/or.h					\
+	src/or/transports.h				\
+	src/or/policies.h				\
+	src/or/reasons.h				\
+	src/or/relay.h					\
+	src/or/rendclient.h				\
+	src/or/rendcommon.h				\
+	src/or/rendmid.h				\
+	src/or/rendservice.h				\
+	src/or/rephist.h				\
+	src/or/replaycache.h				\
+	src/or/router.h					\
+	src/or/routerlist.h				\
+	src/or/routerset.h				\
+	src/or/routerparse.h				\
+	src/or/statefile.h				\
+	src/or/status.h
+
+noinst_HEADERS+= $(ORHEADERS) micro-revision.i
+
+src/or/config_codedigest.o: src/or/or_sha1.i
+
+micro-revision.i: FORCE
+	@rm -f micro-revision.tmp;				\
+	if test -d "$(top_srcdir)/.git" &&				\
+	  test -x "`which git 2>&1;true`"; then				\
+	  HASH="`cd "$(top_srcdir)" && git rev-parse --short=16 HEAD`";	\
+	  echo \"$$HASH\" > micro-revision.tmp; 			\
+        fi;								\
+	if test ! -f micro-revision.tmp ; then			\
+	  if test ! -f micro-revision.i ; then			\
+	    echo '""' > micro-revision.i;			\
+	  fi;								\
+	elif test ! -f micro-revision.i ||			\
+	  test x"`cat micro-revision.tmp`" != x"`cat micro-revision.i`"; then \
+	  mv micro-revision.tmp micro-revision.i;		\
+	fi; true
+
+src/or/or_sha1.i: $(src_or_tor_SOURCES) $(src_or_libtor_a_SOURCES) $(ORHEADERS)
+	$(AM_V_GEN)if test "@SHA1SUM@" != none; then \
+	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@SHA1SUM@" $(src_or_tor_SOURCES) $(src_or_libtor_a_SOURCES) $(ORHEADERS) ) | \
+	  "@SED@" -n 's/^\(.*\)$$/"\1\\n"/p' > src/or/or_sha1.i; \
+	elif test "@OPENSSL@" != none; then \
+	  (cd "$(srcdir)" && "@OPENSSL@" sha1 $(src_or_tor_SOURCES) $(src_or_libtor_a_SOURCES) $(ORHEADERS)) | \
+	  "@SED@" -n 's/SHA1(\(.*\))= \(.*\)/"\2  \1\\n"/p' > src/or/or_sha1.i; \
+	else \
+	  rm src/or/or_sha1.i; \
+	  touch src/or/or_sha1.i; \
+	fi
+
+CLEANFILES+= micro-revision.i src/or/micro-revision.i
+
+FORCE:
diff --git a/src/or/main.c b/src/or/main.c
index 34bf3e50f5..bd23141b97 100644
--- a/src/or/main.c
+++ b/src/or/main.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@
 
 #define MAIN_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "channeltls.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "circuituse.h"
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "dirvote.h"
 #include "dns.h"
 #include "dnsserv.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -46,6 +50,7 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
 #include "status.h"
 #ifdef USE_DMALLOC
 #include <dmalloc.h>
@@ -153,10 +158,6 @@ int can_complete_circuit=0;
 /** How long do we let a directory connection stall before expiring it? */
 #define DIR_CONN_MAX_STALL (5*60)
 
-/** How long do we let OR connections handshake before we decide that
- * they are obsolete? */
-#define TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT (60)
-
 /** Decides our behavior when no logs are configured/before any
  * logs have been configured.  For 0, we log notice to stdout as normal.
  * For 1, we log warnings only.  For 2, we log nothing.
@@ -397,6 +398,18 @@ connection_unlink(connection_t *conn)
   if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
     if (!tor_digest_is_zero(TO_OR_CONN(conn)->identity_digest))
       connection_or_remove_from_identity_map(TO_OR_CONN(conn));
+    /* connection_unlink() can only get called if the connection
+     * was already on the closeable list, and it got there by
+     * connection_mark_for_close(), which was called from
+     * connection_or_close_normally() or
+     * connection_or_close_for_error(), so the channel should
+     * already be in CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING, and then the
+     * connection_about_to_close_connection() goes to
+     * connection_or_about_to_close(), which calls channel_closed()
+     * to notify the channel_t layer, and closed the channel, so
+     * nothing more to do here to deal with the channel associated
+     * with an orconn.
+     */
   }
   connection_free(conn);
 }
@@ -405,7 +418,7 @@ connection_unlink(connection_t *conn)
 void
 add_connection_to_closeable_list(connection_t *conn)
 {
-  tor_assert(!smartlist_isin(closeable_connection_lst, conn));
+  tor_assert(!smartlist_contains(closeable_connection_lst, conn));
   tor_assert(conn->marked_for_close);
   assert_connection_ok(conn, time(NULL));
   smartlist_add(closeable_connection_lst, conn);
@@ -415,14 +428,14 @@ add_connection_to_closeable_list(connection_t *conn)
 int
 connection_is_on_closeable_list(connection_t *conn)
 {
-  return smartlist_isin(closeable_connection_lst, conn);
+  return smartlist_contains(closeable_connection_lst, conn);
 }
 
 /** Return true iff conn is in the current poll array. */
 int
 connection_in_array(connection_t *conn)
 {
-  return smartlist_isin(connection_array, conn);
+  return smartlist_contains(connection_array, conn);
 }
 
 /** Set <b>*array</b> to an array of all connections, and <b>*n</b>
@@ -649,7 +662,7 @@ connection_start_reading_from_linked_conn(connection_t *conn)
       tor_event_base_loopexit(tor_libevent_get_base(), &tv);
     }
   } else {
-    tor_assert(smartlist_isin(active_linked_connection_lst, conn));
+    tor_assert(smartlist_contains(active_linked_connection_lst, conn));
   }
 }
 
@@ -669,7 +682,7 @@ connection_stop_reading_from_linked_conn(connection_t *conn)
      * so let's leave it alone for now. */
     smartlist_remove(active_linked_connection_lst, conn);
   } else {
-    tor_assert(!smartlist_isin(active_linked_connection_lst, conn));
+    tor_assert(!smartlist_contains(active_linked_connection_lst, conn));
   }
 }
 
@@ -796,7 +809,8 @@ conn_close_if_marked(int i)
   }
 #endif
 
-  log_debug(LD_NET,"Cleaning up connection (fd %d).",conn->s);
+  log_debug(LD_NET,"Cleaning up connection (fd "TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT").",
+            conn->s);
 
   /* If the connection we are about to close was trying to connect to
   a proxy server and failed, the client won't be able to use that
@@ -953,8 +967,9 @@ directory_info_has_arrived(time_t now, int from_cache)
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 
   if (!router_have_minimum_dir_info()) {
-    int quiet = directory_too_idle_to_fetch_descriptors(options, now);
-    log(quiet ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR,
+    int quiet = from_cache ||
+                directory_too_idle_to_fetch_descriptors(options, now);
+    tor_log(quiet ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR,
         "I learned some more directory information, but not enough to "
         "build a circuit: %s", get_dir_info_status_string());
     update_all_descriptor_downloads(now);
@@ -1044,7 +1059,8 @@ run_connection_housekeeping(int i, time_t now)
   tor_assert(conn->outbuf);
 #endif
 
-  if (or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs && !or_conn->n_circuits) {
+  if (channel_is_bad_for_new_circs(TLS_CHAN_TO_BASE(or_conn->chan)) &&
+      !connection_or_get_num_circuits(or_conn)) {
     /* It's bad for new circuits, and has no unmarked circuits on it:
      * mark it now. */
     log_info(LD_OR,
@@ -1054,28 +1070,29 @@ run_connection_housekeeping(int i, time_t now)
       connection_or_connect_failed(TO_OR_CONN(conn),
                                    END_OR_CONN_REASON_TIMEOUT,
                                    "Tor gave up on the connection");
-    connection_mark_and_flush(conn);
+    connection_or_close_normally(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 1);
   } else if (!connection_state_is_open(conn)) {
     if (past_keepalive) {
       /* We never managed to actually get this connection open and happy. */
       log_info(LD_OR,"Expiring non-open OR connection to fd %d (%s:%d).",
                (int)conn->s,conn->address, conn->port);
-      connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+      connection_or_close_normally(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
     }
-  } else if (we_are_hibernating() && !or_conn->n_circuits &&
+  } else if (we_are_hibernating() &&
+             !connection_or_get_num_circuits(or_conn) &&
              !connection_get_outbuf_len(conn)) {
     /* We're hibernating, there's no circuits, and nothing to flush.*/
     log_info(LD_OR,"Expiring non-used OR connection to fd %d (%s:%d) "
              "[Hibernating or exiting].",
              (int)conn->s,conn->address, conn->port);
-    connection_mark_and_flush(conn);
-  } else if (!or_conn->n_circuits &&
+    connection_or_close_normally(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 1);
+  } else if (!connection_or_get_num_circuits(or_conn) &&
              now >= or_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding +
                                          IDLE_OR_CONN_TIMEOUT) {
     log_info(LD_OR,"Expiring non-used OR connection to fd %d (%s:%d) "
              "[idle %d].", (int)conn->s,conn->address, conn->port,
              (int)(now - or_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding));
-    connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+    connection_or_close_normally(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
   } else if (
       now >= or_conn->timestamp_lastempty + options->KeepalivePeriod*10 &&
       now >= conn->timestamp_lastwritten + options->KeepalivePeriod*10) {
@@ -1085,7 +1102,7 @@ run_connection_housekeeping(int i, time_t now)
            (int)conn->s, conn->address, conn->port,
            (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn),
            (int)(now-conn->timestamp_lastwritten));
-    connection_mark_for_close(conn);
+    connection_or_close_normally(TO_OR_CONN(conn), 0);
   } else if (past_keepalive && !connection_get_outbuf_len(conn)) {
     /* send a padding cell */
     log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,LD_OR,"Sending keepalive to (%s:%d)",
@@ -1108,7 +1125,7 @@ signewnym_impl(time_t now)
     return;
   }
 
-  circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs();
+  circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable();
   addressmap_clear_transient();
   rend_client_purge_state();
   time_of_last_signewnym = now;
@@ -1136,7 +1153,6 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
   static time_t time_to_check_v3_certificate = 0;
   static time_t time_to_check_listeners = 0;
   static time_t time_to_check_descriptor = 0;
-  static time_t time_to_check_ipaddress = 0;
   static time_t time_to_shrink_memory = 0;
   static time_t time_to_try_getting_descriptors = 0;
   static time_t time_to_reset_descriptor_failures = 0;
@@ -1180,7 +1196,7 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
    * eventually. */
   if (signewnym_is_pending &&
       time_of_last_signewnym + MAX_SIGNEWNYM_RATE <= now) {
-    log(LOG_INFO, LD_CONTROL, "Honoring delayed NEWNYM request");
+    log_info(LD_CONTROL, "Honoring delayed NEWNYM request");
     signewnym_impl(now);
   }
 
@@ -1382,11 +1398,10 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
   /** 2. Periodically, we consider force-uploading our descriptor
    * (if we've passed our internal checks). */
 
-/** How often do we check whether part of our router info has changed in a way
- * that would require an upload? */
+/** How often do we check whether part of our router info has changed in a
+ * way that would require an upload? That includes checking whether our IP
+ * address has changed. */
 #define CHECK_DESCRIPTOR_INTERVAL (60)
-/** How often do we (as a router) check whether our IP address has changed? */
-#define CHECK_IPADDRESS_INTERVAL (15*60)
 
   /* 2b. Once per minute, regenerate and upload the descriptor if the old
    * one is inaccurate. */
@@ -1394,10 +1409,7 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
     static int dirport_reachability_count = 0;
     time_to_check_descriptor = now + CHECK_DESCRIPTOR_INTERVAL;
     check_descriptor_bandwidth_changed(now);
-    if (time_to_check_ipaddress < now) {
-      time_to_check_ipaddress = now + CHECK_IPADDRESS_INTERVAL;
-      check_descriptor_ipaddress_changed(now);
-    }
+    check_descriptor_ipaddress_changed(now);
     mark_my_descriptor_dirty_if_too_old(now);
     consider_publishable_server(0);
     /* also, check religiously for reachability, if it's within the first
@@ -1519,6 +1531,10 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
    * flush it. */
   or_state_save(now);
 
+  /** 8c. Do channel cleanup just like for connections */
+  channel_run_cleanup();
+  channel_listener_run_cleanup();
+
   /** 9. and if we're a server, check whether our DNS is telling stories to
    * us. */
   if (!net_is_disabled() &&
@@ -1546,11 +1562,15 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
       options->PortForwarding &&
       is_server) {
 #define PORT_FORWARDING_CHECK_INTERVAL 5
-    /* XXXXX this should take a list of ports, not just two! */
-    tor_check_port_forwarding(options->PortForwardingHelper,
-                              get_primary_dir_port(),
-                              get_primary_or_port(),
-                              now);
+    smartlist_t *ports_to_forward = get_list_of_ports_to_forward();
+    if (ports_to_forward) {
+      tor_check_port_forwarding(options->PortForwardingHelper,
+                                ports_to_forward,
+                                now);
+
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(ports_to_forward, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+      smartlist_free(ports_to_forward);
+    }
     time_to_check_port_forwarding = now+PORT_FORWARDING_CHECK_INTERVAL;
   }
 
@@ -1561,7 +1581,8 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now)
   /** 12. write the heartbeat message */
   if (options->HeartbeatPeriod &&
       time_to_next_heartbeat <= now) {
-    log_heartbeat(now);
+    if (time_to_next_heartbeat) /* don't log the first heartbeat */
+      log_heartbeat(now);
     time_to_next_heartbeat = now+options->HeartbeatPeriod;
   }
 }
@@ -1823,7 +1844,7 @@ do_hup(void)
   /* Rotate away from the old dirty circuits. This has to be done
    * after we've read the new options, but before we start using
    * circuits for directory fetches. */
-  circuit_expire_all_dirty_circs();
+  circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable();
 
   /* retry appropriate downloads */
   router_reset_status_download_failures();
@@ -1861,6 +1882,13 @@ do_main_loop(void)
     }
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Tor was compiled with the --enable-bufferevents "
+           "option. This is still experimental, and might cause strange "
+           "bugs. If you want a more stable Tor, be sure to build without "
+           "--enable-bufferevents.");
+#endif
+
   handle_signals(1);
 
   /* load the private keys, if we're supposed to have them, and set up the
@@ -2053,7 +2081,7 @@ process_signal(uintptr_t sig)
       time_t now = time(NULL);
       if (time_of_last_signewnym + MAX_SIGNEWNYM_RATE > now) {
         signewnym_is_pending = 1;
-        log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_CONTROL,
+        log_notice(LD_CONTROL,
             "Rate limiting NEWNYM request: delaying by %d second(s)",
             (int)(MAX_SIGNEWNYM_RATE+time_of_last_signewnym-now));
       } else {
@@ -2085,7 +2113,7 @@ static void
 dumpmemusage(int severity)
 {
   connection_dump_buffer_mem_stats(severity);
-  log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "In rephist: "U64_FORMAT" used by %d Tors.",
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "In rephist: "U64_FORMAT" used by %d Tors.",
       U64_PRINTF_ARG(rephist_total_alloc), rephist_total_num);
   dump_routerlist_mem_usage(severity);
   dump_cell_pool_usage(severity);
@@ -2103,27 +2131,27 @@ dumpstats(int severity)
   time_t elapsed;
   size_t rbuf_cap, wbuf_cap, rbuf_len, wbuf_len;
 
-  log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Dumping stats:");
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Dumping stats:");
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(connection_array, connection_t *, conn) {
     int i = conn_sl_idx;
-    log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
         "Conn %d (socket %d) type %d (%s), state %d (%s), created %d secs ago",
         i, (int)conn->s, conn->type, conn_type_to_string(conn->type),
         conn->state, conn_state_to_string(conn->type, conn->state),
         (int)(now - conn->timestamp_created));
     if (!connection_is_listener(conn)) {
-      log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
+      tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
           "Conn %d is to %s:%d.", i,
           safe_str_client(conn->address),
           conn->port);
-      log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
+      tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
           "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on inbuf (len %d, last read %d secs ago)",
           i,
           (int)connection_get_inbuf_len(conn),
           (int)buf_allocation(conn->inbuf),
           (int)(now - conn->timestamp_lastread));
-      log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
+      tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
           "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on outbuf "
           "(len %d, last written %d secs ago)",i,
           (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn),
@@ -2134,7 +2162,7 @@ dumpstats(int severity)
         if (or_conn->tls) {
           tor_tls_get_buffer_sizes(or_conn->tls, &rbuf_cap, &rbuf_len,
                                    &wbuf_cap, &wbuf_len);
-          log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
+          tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
               "Conn %d: %d/%d bytes used on OpenSSL read buffer; "
               "%d/%d bytes used on write buffer.",
               i, (int)rbuf_len, (int)rbuf_cap, (int)wbuf_len, (int)wbuf_cap);
@@ -2144,7 +2172,11 @@ dumpstats(int severity)
     circuit_dump_by_conn(conn, severity); /* dump info about all the circuits
                                            * using this conn */
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
-  log(severity, LD_NET,
+
+  channel_dumpstats(severity);
+  channel_listener_dumpstats(severity);
+
+  tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
       "Cells processed: "U64_FORMAT" padding\n"
       "                 "U64_FORMAT" create\n"
       "                 "U64_FORMAT" created\n"
@@ -2160,33 +2192,36 @@ dumpstats(int severity)
       U64_PRINTF_ARG(stats_n_relay_cells_delivered),
       U64_PRINTF_ARG(stats_n_destroy_cells_processed));
   if (stats_n_data_cells_packaged)
-    log(severity,LD_NET,"Average packaged cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
+    tor_log(severity,LD_NET,"Average packaged cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
         100*(U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_bytes_packaged) /
              U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_cells_packaged*RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) );
   if (stats_n_data_cells_received)
-    log(severity,LD_NET,"Average delivered cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
+    tor_log(severity,LD_NET,"Average delivered cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
         100*(U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_bytes_received) /
              U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_cells_received*RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) );
 
+  cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(severity, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP, "TAP");
+  cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(severity, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR,"ntor");
+
   if (now - time_of_process_start >= 0)
     elapsed = now - time_of_process_start;
   else
     elapsed = 0;
 
   if (elapsed) {
-    log(severity, LD_NET,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
         "Average bandwidth: "U64_FORMAT"/%d = %d bytes/sec reading",
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(stats_n_bytes_read),
         (int)elapsed,
         (int) (stats_n_bytes_read/elapsed));
-    log(severity, LD_NET,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
         "Average bandwidth: "U64_FORMAT"/%d = %d bytes/sec writing",
         U64_PRINTF_ARG(stats_n_bytes_written),
         (int)elapsed,
         (int) (stats_n_bytes_written/elapsed));
   }
 
-  log(severity, LD_NET, "--------------- Dumping memory information:");
+  tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "--------------- Dumping memory information:");
   dumpmemusage(severity);
 
   rep_hist_dump_stats(now,severity);
@@ -2286,6 +2321,9 @@ tor_init(int argc, char *argv[])
       quiet = 1;
     if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--quiet"))
       quiet = 2;
+    /* --version implies --quiet */
+    if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--version"))
+      quiet = 2;
   }
  /* give it somewhere to log to initially */
   switch (quiet) {
@@ -2302,12 +2340,17 @@ tor_init(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   {
     const char *version = get_version();
+    const char *bev_str =
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
-    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor v%s (with bufferevents) running on %s.",
-                version, get_uname());
+      "(with bufferevents) ";
 #else
-    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor v%s running on %s.", version, get_uname());
+      "";
 #endif
+    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor v%s %srunning on %s with Libevent %s "
+               "and OpenSSL %s.", version, bev_str,
+               get_uname(),
+               tor_libevent_get_version_str(),
+               crypto_openssl_get_version_str());
 
     log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! "
                "Learn how to be safe at "
@@ -2319,7 +2362,7 @@ tor_init(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
 #ifdef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED
-  log(LOG_WARN, LD_GENERAL, "This copy of Tor was compiled to run in a "
+  log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "This copy of Tor was compiled to run in a "
       "non-anonymous mode. It will provide NO ANONYMITY.");
 #endif
 
@@ -2346,6 +2389,7 @@ tor_init(int argc, char *argv[])
     log_err(LD_BUG, "Unable to initialize OpenSSL. Exiting.");
     return -1;
   }
+  stream_choice_seed_weak_rng();
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -2441,6 +2485,8 @@ tor_free_all(int postfork)
   circuit_free_all();
   entry_guards_free_all();
   pt_free_all();
+  channel_tls_free_all();
+  channel_free_all();
   connection_free_all();
   buf_shrink_freelists(1);
   memarea_clear_freelist();
@@ -2448,6 +2494,7 @@ tor_free_all(int postfork)
   microdesc_free_all();
   if (!postfork) {
     config_free_all();
+    or_state_free_all();
     router_free_all();
     policies_free_all();
   }
@@ -2461,6 +2508,10 @@ tor_free_all(int postfork)
   smartlist_free(closeable_connection_lst);
   smartlist_free(active_linked_connection_lst);
   periodic_timer_free(second_timer);
+#ifndef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
+  periodic_timer_free(refill_timer);
+#endif
+
   if (!postfork) {
     release_lockfile();
   }
@@ -2631,7 +2682,7 @@ tor_main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
     /* Instruct OpenSSL to use our internal wrappers for malloc,
        realloc and free. */
-    int r = CRYPTO_set_mem_ex_functions(_tor_malloc, _tor_realloc, _tor_free);
+    int r = CRYPTO_set_mem_ex_functions(tor_malloc_, tor_realloc_, tor_free_);
     tor_assert(r);
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/or/main.h b/src/or/main.h
index f843b6f9fc..338449b6a6 100644
--- a/src/or/main.h
+++ b/src/or/main.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for main.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_MAIN_H
-#define _TOR_MAIN_H
+#ifndef TOR_MAIN_H
+#define TOR_MAIN_H
 
 extern int can_complete_circuit;
 
diff --git a/src/or/microdesc.c b/src/or/microdesc.c
index 4acec6ae3d..0e72c0b89b 100644
--- a/src/or/microdesc.c
+++ b/src/or/microdesc.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2009-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2009-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "or.h"
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "microdesc.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ struct microdesc_cache_t {
 
 /** Helper: computes a hash of <b>md</b> to place it in a hash table. */
 static INLINE unsigned int
-_microdesc_hash(microdesc_t *md)
+microdesc_hash_(microdesc_t *md)
 {
   unsigned *d = (unsigned*)md->digest;
 #if SIZEOF_INT == 4
@@ -54,15 +55,15 @@ _microdesc_hash(microdesc_t *md)
 
 /** Helper: compares <b>a</b> and </b> for equality for hash-table purposes. */
 static INLINE int
-_microdesc_eq(microdesc_t *a, microdesc_t *b)
+microdesc_eq_(microdesc_t *a, microdesc_t *b)
 {
   return tor_memeq(a->digest, b->digest, DIGEST256_LEN);
 }
 
 HT_PROTOTYPE(microdesc_map, microdesc_t, node,
-             _microdesc_hash, _microdesc_eq);
+             microdesc_hash_, microdesc_eq_);
 HT_GENERATE(microdesc_map, microdesc_t, node,
-             _microdesc_hash, _microdesc_eq, 0.6,
+             microdesc_hash_, microdesc_eq_, 0.6,
              malloc, realloc, free);
 
 /** Write the body of <b>md</b> into <b>f</b>, with appropriate annotations.
@@ -70,20 +71,24 @@ HT_GENERATE(microdesc_map, microdesc_t, node,
  * *<b>annotation_len_out</b> to the number of bytes written as
  * annotations. */
 static ssize_t
-dump_microdescriptor(FILE *f, microdesc_t *md, size_t *annotation_len_out)
+dump_microdescriptor(int fd, microdesc_t *md, size_t *annotation_len_out)
 {
   ssize_t r = 0;
-  size_t written;
-  /* XXXX drops unkown annotations. */
+  ssize_t written;
+  if (md->body == NULL) {
+    *annotation_len_out = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  /* XXXX drops unknown annotations. */
   if (md->last_listed) {
     char buf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
     char annotation[ISO_TIME_LEN+32];
     format_iso_time(buf, md->last_listed);
     tor_snprintf(annotation, sizeof(annotation), "@last-listed %s\n", buf);
-    if (fputs(annotation, f) < 0) {
+    if (write_all(fd, annotation, strlen(annotation), 0) < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR,
                "Couldn't write microdescriptor annotation: %s",
-               strerror(ferror(f)));
+               strerror(errno));
       return -1;
     }
     r += strlen(annotation);
@@ -92,13 +97,13 @@ dump_microdescriptor(FILE *f, microdesc_t *md, size_t *annotation_len_out)
     *annotation_len_out = 0;
   }
 
-  md->off = (off_t) ftell(f);
-  written = fwrite(md->body, 1, md->bodylen, f);
-  if (written != md->bodylen) {
+  md->off = tor_fd_getpos(fd);
+  written = write_all(fd, md->body, md->bodylen, 0);
+  if (written != (ssize_t)md->bodylen) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR,
-             "Couldn't dump microdescriptor (wrote %lu out of %lu): %s",
-             (unsigned long)written, (unsigned long)md->bodylen,
-             strerror(ferror(f)));
+             "Couldn't dump microdescriptor (wrote %ld out of %lu): %s",
+             (long)written, (unsigned long)md->bodylen,
+             strerror(errno));
     return -1;
   }
   r += md->bodylen;
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@ get_microdesc_cache(void)
 */
 
 /** Decode the microdescriptors from the string starting at <b>s</b> and
- * ending at <b>eos</b>, and store them in <b>cache</b>.  If <b>no-save</b>,
+ * ending at <b>eos</b>, and store them in <b>cache</b>.  If <b>no_save</b>,
  * mark them as non-writable to disk.  If <b>where</b> is SAVED_IN_CACHE,
  * leave their bodies as pointers to the mmap'd cache.  If where is
  * <b>SAVED_NOWHERE</b>, do not allow annotations.  If listed_at is positive,
@@ -149,17 +154,16 @@ microdescs_add_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
 {
   smartlist_t *descriptors, *added;
   const int allow_annotations = (where != SAVED_NOWHERE);
-  const int copy_body = (where != SAVED_IN_CACHE);
 
   descriptors = microdescs_parse_from_string(s, eos,
                                              allow_annotations,
-                                             copy_body);
+                                             where);
   if (listed_at > 0) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(descriptors, microdesc_t *, md,
                       md->last_listed = listed_at);
   }
   if (requested_digests256) {
-    digestmap_t *requested; /* XXXX actuqlly we should just use a
+    digestmap_t *requested; /* XXXX actually we should just use a
                                digest256map */
     requested = digestmap_new();
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(requested_digests256, const char *, cp,
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ microdescs_add_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
       if (digestmap_get(requested, md->digest)) {
         digestmap_set(requested, md->digest, (void*)2);
       } else {
-        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_DIR, "Received non-requested microcdesc");
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_DIR, "Received non-requested microdesc");
         microdesc_free(md);
         SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(descriptors, md);
       }
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@ microdescs_add_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
   return added;
 }
 
-/** As microdescs_add_to_cache, but takes a list of micrdescriptors instead of
+/** As microdescs_add_to_cache, but takes a list of microdescriptors instead of
  * a string to decode.  Frees any members of <b>descriptors</b> that it does
  * not add. */
 smartlist_t *
@@ -197,18 +201,17 @@ microdescs_add_list_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
 {
   smartlist_t *added;
   open_file_t *open_file = NULL;
-  FILE *f = NULL;
+  int fd = -1;
   //  int n_added = 0;
   ssize_t size = 0;
 
   if (where == SAVED_NOWHERE && !no_save) {
-    f = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cache->journal_fname,
-                                    OPEN_FLAGS_APPEND|O_BINARY,
-                                    0600, &open_file);
-    if (!f) {
+    fd = start_writing_to_file(cache->journal_fname,
+                               OPEN_FLAGS_APPEND|O_BINARY,
+                               0600, &open_file);
+    if (fd < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "Couldn't append to journal in %s: %s",
                cache->journal_fname, strerror(errno));
-      return NULL;
     }
   }
 
@@ -227,17 +230,17 @@ microdescs_add_list_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
     }
 
     /* Okay, it's a new one. */
-    if (f) {
+    if (fd >= 0) {
       size_t annotation_len;
-      size = dump_microdescriptor(f, md, &annotation_len);
+      size = dump_microdescriptor(fd, md, &annotation_len);
       if (size < 0) {
-        /* we already warned in dump_microdescriptor; */
+        /* we already warned in dump_microdescriptor */
         abort_writing_to_file(open_file);
-        smartlist_clear(added);
-        return added;
+        fd = -1;
+      } else {
+        md->saved_location = SAVED_IN_JOURNAL;
+        cache->journal_len += size;
       }
-      md->saved_location = SAVED_IN_JOURNAL;
-      cache->journal_len += size;
     } else {
       md->saved_location = where;
     }
@@ -251,8 +254,14 @@ microdescs_add_list_to_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache,
     cache->total_len_seen += md->bodylen;
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(md);
 
-  if (f)
-    finish_writing_to_file(open_file); /*XXX Check me.*/
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    if (finish_writing_to_file(open_file) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error appending to microdescriptor file: %s",
+               strerror(errno));
+      smartlist_clear(added);
+      return added;
+    }
+  }
 
   {
     networkstatus_t *ns = networkstatus_get_latest_consensus();
@@ -323,8 +332,8 @@ microdesc_cache_reload(microdesc_cache_t *cache)
     }
     tor_free(journal_content);
   }
-  log_notice(LD_DIR, "Reloaded microdescriptor cache.  Found %d descriptors.",
-             total);
+  log_info(LD_DIR, "Reloaded microdescriptor cache. Found %d descriptors.",
+           total);
 
   microdesc_cache_rebuild(cache, 0 /* don't force */);
 
@@ -397,6 +406,26 @@ should_rebuild_md_cache(microdesc_cache_t *cache)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Mark <b>md</b> as having no body, and release any storage previously held
+ * by its body.
+ */
+static void
+microdesc_wipe_body(microdesc_t *md)
+{
+  if (!md)
+    return;
+
+  if (md->saved_location != SAVED_IN_CACHE)
+    tor_free(md->body);
+
+  md->off = 0;
+  md->saved_location = SAVED_NOWHERE;
+  md->body = NULL;
+  md->bodylen = 0;
+  md->no_save = 1;
+}
+
 /** Regenerate the main cache file for <b>cache</b>, clear the journal file,
  * and update every microdesc_t in the cache with pointers to its new
  * location.  If <b>force</b> is true, do this unconditionally.  If
@@ -405,11 +434,11 @@ int
 microdesc_cache_rebuild(microdesc_cache_t *cache, int force)
 {
   open_file_t *open_file;
-  FILE *f;
+  int fd = -1;
   microdesc_t **mdp;
   smartlist_t *wrote;
   ssize_t size;
-  off_t off = 0;
+  off_t off = 0, off_real;
   int orig_size, new_size;
 
   if (cache == NULL) {
@@ -429,10 +458,10 @@ microdesc_cache_rebuild(microdesc_cache_t *cache, int force)
   orig_size = (int)(cache->cache_content ? cache->cache_content->size : 0);
   orig_size += (int)cache->journal_len;
 
-  f = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cache->cache_fname,
-                                  OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE|O_BINARY,
-                                  0600, &open_file);
-  if (!f)
+  fd = start_writing_to_file(cache->cache_fname,
+                             OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE|O_BINARY,
+                             0600, &open_file);
+  if (fd < 0)
     return -1;
 
   wrote = smartlist_new();
@@ -440,18 +469,28 @@ microdesc_cache_rebuild(microdesc_cache_t *cache, int force)
   HT_FOREACH(mdp, microdesc_map, &cache->map) {
     microdesc_t *md = *mdp;
     size_t annotation_len;
-    if (md->no_save)
+    if (md->no_save || !md->body)
       continue;
 
-    size = dump_microdescriptor(f, md, &annotation_len);
+    size = dump_microdescriptor(fd, md, &annotation_len);
     if (size < 0) {
-      /* XXX handle errors from dump_microdescriptor() */
-      /* log?  return -1?  die?  coredump the universe? */
+      microdesc_wipe_body(md);
+
+      /* rewind, in case it was a partial write. */
+      tor_fd_setpos(fd, off);
       continue;
     }
     tor_assert(((size_t)size) == annotation_len + md->bodylen);
     md->off = off + annotation_len;
     off += size;
+    off_real = tor_fd_getpos(fd);
+    if (off_real != off) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Discontinuity in position in microdescriptor cache."
+               "By my count, I'm at "I64_FORMAT
+               ", but I should be at "I64_FORMAT,
+               I64_PRINTF_ARG(off), I64_PRINTF_ARG(off_real));
+      off = off_real;
+    }
     if (md->saved_location != SAVED_IN_CACHE) {
       tor_free(md->body);
       md->saved_location = SAVED_IN_CACHE;
@@ -459,10 +498,24 @@ microdesc_cache_rebuild(microdesc_cache_t *cache, int force)
     smartlist_add(wrote, md);
   }
 
+  /* We must do this unmap _before_ we call finish_writing_to_file(), or
+   * windows will not actually replace the file. */
   if (cache->cache_content)
     tor_munmap_file(cache->cache_content);
 
-  finish_writing_to_file(open_file); /*XXX Check me.*/
+  if (finish_writing_to_file(open_file) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error rebuilding microdescriptor cache: %s",
+             strerror(errno));
+    /* Okay. Let's prevent from making things worse elsewhere. */
+    cache->cache_content = NULL;
+    HT_FOREACH(mdp, microdesc_map, &cache->map) {
+      microdesc_t *md = *mdp;
+      if (md->saved_location == SAVED_IN_CACHE) {
+        microdesc_wipe_body(md);
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
 
   cache->cache_content = tor_mmap_file(cache->cache_fname);
 
@@ -478,7 +531,7 @@ microdesc_cache_rebuild(microdesc_cache_t *cache, int force)
     if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(
              md->bodylen < 9 || fast_memneq(md->body, "onion-key", 9) != 0)) {
       /* XXXX once bug 2022 is solved, we can kill this block and turn it
-       * into just the tor_assert(!memcmp) */
+       * into just the tor_assert(fast_memeq) */
       off_t avail = cache->cache_content->size - md->off;
       char *bad_str;
       tor_assert(avail >= 0);
@@ -531,7 +584,7 @@ microdesc_check_counts(void)
 /** Deallocate a single microdescriptor.  Note: the microdescriptor MUST have
  * previously been removed from the cache if it had ever been inserted. */
 void
-microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md)
+microdesc_free_(microdesc_t *md, const char *fname, int lineno)
 {
   if (!md)
     return;
@@ -542,12 +595,12 @@ microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md)
     microdesc_cache_t *cache = get_microdesc_cache();
     microdesc_t *md2 = HT_FIND(microdesc_map, &cache->map, md);
     if (md2 == md) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called, but md was still in "
-               "microdesc_map");
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called from %s:%d, but md was still "
+               "in microdesc_map", fname, lineno);
       HT_REMOVE(microdesc_map, &cache->map, md);
     } else {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called with held_in_map set, but "
-               "microdesc was not in the map.");
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called from %s:%d with held_in_map "
+               "set, but microdesc was not in the map.", fname, lineno);
     }
     tor_fragile_assert();
   }
@@ -561,11 +614,13 @@ microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md)
         }
       });
     if (found) {
-      log_info(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called, but md was still referenced "
-               "%d node(s); held_by_nodes == %u", found, md->held_by_nodes);
+      log_info(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called from %s:%d, but md was still "
+               "referenced %d node(s); held_by_nodes == %u",
+               fname, lineno, found, md->held_by_nodes);
     } else {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called with held_by_nodes set to %u, "
-               "but md was not referenced by any nodes", md->held_by_nodes);
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "microdesc_free() called from %s:%d with held_by_nodes "
+               "set to %u, but md was not referenced by any nodes",
+               fname, lineno, md->held_by_nodes);
     }
     tor_fragile_assert();
   }
@@ -574,6 +629,7 @@ microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md)
 
   if (md->onion_pkey)
     crypto_pk_free(md->onion_pkey);
+  tor_free(md->onion_curve25519_pkey);
   if (md->body && md->saved_location != SAVED_IN_CACHE)
     tor_free(md->body);
 
@@ -582,6 +638,7 @@ microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md)
     smartlist_free(md->family);
   }
   short_policy_free(md->exit_policy);
+  short_policy_free(md->ipv6_exit_policy);
 
   tor_free(md);
 }
@@ -727,9 +784,9 @@ we_use_microdescriptors_for_circuits(const or_options_t *options)
   int ret = options->UseMicrodescriptors;
   if (ret == -1) {
     /* UseMicrodescriptors is "auto"; we need to decide: */
-    /* If we are configured to use bridges and one of our bridges doesn't
+    /* If we are configured to use bridges and none of our bridges
      * know what a microdescriptor is, the answer is no. */
-    if (options->UseBridges && any_bridges_dont_support_microdescriptors())
+    if (options->UseBridges && !any_bridge_supports_microdescriptors())
       return 0;
     /* Otherwise, we decide that we'll use microdescriptors iff we are
      * not a server, and we're not autofetching everything. */
diff --git a/src/or/microdesc.h b/src/or/microdesc.h
index 5646fc7a85..7adb8c68af 100644
--- a/src/or/microdesc.h
+++ b/src/or/microdesc.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for microdesc.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_MICRODESC_H
-#define _TOR_MICRODESC_H
+#ifndef TOR_MICRODESC_H
+#define TOR_MICRODESC_H
 
 microdesc_cache_t *get_microdesc_cache(void);
 
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ smartlist_t *microdesc_list_missing_digest256(networkstatus_t *ns,
                                               int downloadable_only,
                                               digestmap_t *skip);
 
-void microdesc_free(microdesc_t *md);
+void microdesc_free_(microdesc_t *md, const char *fname, int line);
+#define microdesc_free(md) \
+  microdesc_free_((md), __FILE__, __LINE__)
 void microdesc_free_all(void);
 
 void update_microdesc_downloads(time_t now);
diff --git a/src/or/networkstatus.c b/src/or/networkstatus.c
index 10cc56231f..23b7304b39 100644
--- a/src/or/networkstatus.c
+++ b/src/or/networkstatus.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@
  */
 
 #include "or.h"
-#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "channel.h"
+#include "circuitmux.h"
+#include "circuitmux_ewma.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_or.h"
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "microdesc.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
@@ -215,8 +219,6 @@ router_reload_consensus_networkstatus(void)
 {
   char *filename;
   char *s;
-  struct stat st;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   const unsigned int flags = NSSET_FROM_CACHE | NSSET_DONT_DOWNLOAD_CERTS;
   int flav;
 
@@ -259,25 +261,6 @@ router_reload_consensus_networkstatus(void)
     tor_free(filename);
   }
 
-  if (!current_consensus ||
-      (stat(options->FallbackNetworkstatusFile, &st)==0 &&
-       st.st_mtime > current_consensus->valid_after)) {
-    s = read_file_to_str(options->FallbackNetworkstatusFile,
-                         RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL);
-    if (s) {
-      if (networkstatus_set_current_consensus(s, "ns",
-                                              flags|NSSET_ACCEPT_OBSOLETE)) {
-        log_info(LD_FS, "Couldn't load consensus networkstatus from \"%s\"",
-                 options->FallbackNetworkstatusFile);
-      } else {
-        log_notice(LD_FS,
-                   "Loaded fallback consensus networkstatus from \"%s\"",
-                   options->FallbackNetworkstatusFile);
-      }
-      tor_free(s);
-    }
-  }
-
   if (!current_consensus) {
     if (!named_server_map)
       named_server_map = strmap_new();
@@ -572,7 +555,7 @@ networkstatus_check_consensus_signature(networkstatus_t *consensus,
 
   /* Now see whether we're missing any voters entirely. */
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
-                    trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+                    dir_server_t *, ds,
     {
       if ((ds->type & V3_DIRINFO) &&
           !networkstatus_get_voter_by_id(consensus, ds->v3_identity_digest))
@@ -589,7 +572,7 @@ networkstatus_check_consensus_signature(networkstatus_t *consensus,
   if (warn >= 0) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(unrecognized, networkstatus_voter_info_t *, voter,
       {
-        log(severity, LD_DIR, "Consensus includes unrecognized authority "
+        tor_log(severity, LD_DIR, "Consensus includes unrecognized authority "
                  "'%s' at %s:%d (contact %s; identity %s)",
                  voter->nickname, voter->address, (int)voter->dir_port,
                  voter->contact?voter->contact:"n/a",
@@ -597,16 +580,16 @@ networkstatus_check_consensus_signature(networkstatus_t *consensus,
       });
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(need_certs_from, networkstatus_voter_info_t *, voter,
       {
-        log(severity, LD_DIR, "Looks like we need to download a new "
+        tor_log(severity, LD_DIR, "Looks like we need to download a new "
                  "certificate from authority '%s' at %s:%d (contact %s; "
                  "identity %s)",
                  voter->nickname, voter->address, (int)voter->dir_port,
                  voter->contact?voter->contact:"n/a",
                  hex_str(voter->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
       });
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(missing_authorities, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(missing_authorities, dir_server_t *, ds,
       {
-        log(severity, LD_DIR, "Consensus does not include configured "
+        tor_log(severity, LD_DIR, "Consensus does not include configured "
                  "authority '%s' at %s:%d (identity %s)",
                  ds->nickname, ds->address, (int)ds->dir_port,
                  hex_str(ds->v3_identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
@@ -642,7 +625,7 @@ networkstatus_check_consensus_signature(networkstatus_t *consensus,
                       "because we were missing the keys.", n_missing_key);
       }
       joined = smartlist_join_strings(sl, " ", 0, NULL);
-      log(severity, LD_DIR, "%s", joined);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_DIR, "%s", joined);
       tor_free(joined);
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c));
       smartlist_free(sl);
@@ -678,7 +661,7 @@ networkstatus_get_cache_filename(const char *identity_digest)
 /** Helper for smartlist_sort: Compare two networkstatus objects by
  * publication date. */
 static int
-_compare_networkstatus_v2_published_on(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_networkstatus_v2_published_on_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const networkstatus_v2_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   if (a->published_on < b->published_on)
@@ -746,7 +729,7 @@ router_set_networkstatus_v2(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
   int i, found;
   time_t now;
   int skewed = 0;
-  trusted_dir_server_t *trusted_dir = NULL;
+  dir_server_t *trusted_dir = NULL;
   const char *source_desc = NULL;
   char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
   char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
@@ -782,7 +765,7 @@ router_set_networkstatus_v2(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
     long delta = now - ns->published_on;
     format_time_interval(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), delta);
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Network status from %s was published %s in the "
-             "future (%s GMT). Check your time and date settings! "
+             "future (%s UTC). Check your time and date settings! "
              "Not caching.",
              source_desc, dbuf, published);
     control_event_general_status(LOG_WARN,
@@ -802,7 +785,7 @@ router_set_networkstatus_v2(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
   }
 
   if (requested_fingerprints) {
-    if (smartlist_string_isin(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
+    if (smartlist_contains_string(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
       smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
     } else {
       if (source != NS_FROM_DIR_ALL) {
@@ -912,7 +895,7 @@ router_set_networkstatus_v2(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
   networkstatus_v2_list_has_changed = 1;
 
   smartlist_sort(networkstatus_v2_list,
-                 _compare_networkstatus_v2_published_on);
+                 compare_networkstatus_v2_published_on_);
 
   if (!skewed)
     add_networkstatus_to_cache(s, source, ns);
@@ -965,6 +948,17 @@ compare_digest_to_routerstatus_entry(const void *_key, const void **_member)
   return tor_memcmp(key, rs->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 }
 
+/** Helper for bsearching a list of routerstatus_t pointers: compare a
+ * digest in the key to the identity digest of a routerstatus_t. */
+int
+compare_digest_to_vote_routerstatus_entry(const void *_key,
+                                          const void **_member)
+{
+  const char *key = _key;
+  const vote_routerstatus_t *vrs = *_member;
+  return tor_memcmp(key, vrs->status.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+}
+
 /** As networkstatus_v2_find_entry, but do not return a const pointer */
 routerstatus_t *
 networkstatus_v2_find_mutable_entry(networkstatus_v2_t *ns, const char *digest)
@@ -1151,7 +1145,7 @@ update_v2_networkstatus_cache_downloads(time_t now)
 
   if (authority) {
     /* An authority launches a separate connection for everybody. */
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds)
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds)
       {
          char resource[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+6]; /* fp/hexdigit.z\0 */
          tor_addr_t addr;
@@ -1179,7 +1173,7 @@ update_v2_networkstatus_cache_downloads(time_t now)
          directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(
                &ds->fake_status, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_V2_NETWORKSTATUS,
                ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL,
-               0, /* Not private */
+               DIRIND_ONEHOP,
                resource,
                NULL, 0 /* No payload. */,
                0 /* No I-M-S. */);
@@ -1449,18 +1443,6 @@ consensus_is_waiting_for_certs(void)
     ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
-/** Return the network status with a given identity digest. */
-networkstatus_v2_t *
-networkstatus_v2_get_by_digest(const char *digest)
-{
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(networkstatus_v2_list, networkstatus_v2_t *, ns,
-    {
-      if (tor_memeq(ns->identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
-        return ns;
-    });
-  return NULL;
-}
-
 /** Return the most recent consensus that we have downloaded, or NULL if we
  * don't have one. */
 networkstatus_t *
@@ -1541,13 +1523,7 @@ routerstatus_has_changed(const routerstatus_t *a, const routerstatus_t *b)
          a->is_bad_exit != b->is_bad_exit ||
          a->is_bad_directory != b->is_bad_directory ||
          a->is_hs_dir != b->is_hs_dir ||
-         a->version_known != b->version_known ||
-         a->version_supports_begindir != b->version_supports_begindir ||
-         a->version_supports_extrainfo_upload !=
-           b->version_supports_extrainfo_upload ||
-         a->version_supports_conditional_consensus !=
-           b->version_supports_conditional_consensus ||
-         a->version_supports_v3_dir != b->version_supports_v3_dir;
+         a->version_known != b->version_known;
 }
 
 /** Notify controllers of any router status entries that changed between
@@ -1651,6 +1627,7 @@ networkstatus_set_current_consensus(const char *consensus,
   consensus_waiting_for_certs_t *waiting = NULL;
   time_t current_valid_after = 0;
   int free_consensus = 1; /* Free 'c' at the end of the function */
+  int old_ewma_enabled;
 
   if (flav < 0) {
     /* XXXX we don't handle unrecognized flavors yet. */
@@ -1686,9 +1663,6 @@ networkstatus_set_current_consensus(const char *consensus,
 
   if (from_cache && !accept_obsolete &&
       c->valid_until < now-OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE) {
-    /* XXXX If we try to make fallbackconsensus work again, we should
-     * consider taking this out. Until then, believing obsolete consensuses
-     * is causing more harm than good. See also bug 887. */
     log_info(LD_DIR, "Loaded an expired consensus. Discarding.");
     goto done;
   }
@@ -1844,7 +1818,18 @@ networkstatus_set_current_consensus(const char *consensus,
 
     dirvote_recalculate_timing(options, now);
     routerstatus_list_update_named_server_map();
-    cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(options, current_consensus);
+
+    /* Update ewma and adjust policy if needed; first cache the old value */
+    old_ewma_enabled = cell_ewma_enabled();
+    /* Change the cell EWMA settings */
+    cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(options, networkstatus_get_latest_consensus());
+    /* If we just enabled ewma, set the cmux policy on all active channels */
+    if (cell_ewma_enabled() && !old_ewma_enabled) {
+      channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(&ewma_policy);
+    } else if (!cell_ewma_enabled() && old_ewma_enabled) {
+      /* Turn it off everywhere */
+      channel_set_cmux_policy_everywhere(NULL);
+    }
 
     /* XXXX024 this call might be unnecessary here: can changing the
      * current consensus really alter our view of any OR's rate limits? */
@@ -1875,7 +1860,7 @@ networkstatus_set_current_consensus(const char *consensus,
     format_iso_time(tbuf, c->valid_after);
     format_time_interval(dbuf, sizeof(dbuf), delta);
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Our clock is %s behind the time published in the "
-             "consensus network status document (%s GMT).  Tor needs an "
+             "consensus network status document (%s UTC).  Tor needs an "
              "accurate clock to work correctly. Please check your time and "
              "date settings!", dbuf, tbuf);
     control_event_general_status(LOG_WARN,
@@ -1904,11 +1889,12 @@ networkstatus_note_certs_arrived(void)
     if (!waiting->consensus)
       continue;
     if (networkstatus_check_consensus_signature(waiting->consensus, 0)>=0) {
+      char *waiting_body = waiting->body;
       if (!networkstatus_set_current_consensus(
-                                 waiting->body,
+                                 waiting_body,
                                  networkstatus_get_flavor_name(i),
                                  NSSET_WAS_WAITING_FOR_CERTS)) {
-        tor_free(waiting->body);
+        tor_free(waiting_body);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -2007,7 +1993,7 @@ download_status_map_update_from_v2_networkstatus(void)
       digestmap_set(dl_status, d, s);
     } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rs);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ns);
-  digestmap_free(v2_download_status_map, _tor_free);
+  digestmap_free(v2_download_status_map, tor_free_);
   v2_download_status_map = dl_status;
   networkstatus_v2_list_has_changed = 0;
 }
@@ -2020,7 +2006,7 @@ routerstatus_list_update_named_server_map(void)
   if (!current_consensus)
     return;
 
-  strmap_free(named_server_map, _tor_free);
+  strmap_free(named_server_map, tor_free_);
   named_server_map = strmap_new();
   strmap_free(unnamed_server_map, NULL);
   unnamed_server_map = strmap_new();
@@ -2043,7 +2029,7 @@ void
 routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus(smartlist_t *routers,
                                                    int reset_failures)
 {
-  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+  dir_server_t *ds;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int authdir = authdir_mode_v2(options) || authdir_mode_v3(options);
   networkstatus_t *ns = current_consensus;
@@ -2063,7 +2049,7 @@ routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus(smartlist_t *routers,
     /* We have a routerstatus for this router. */
     const char *digest = router->cache_info.identity_digest;
 
-    ds = router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(digest);
+    ds = router_get_fallback_dirserver_by_digest(digest);
 
     /* Is it the same descriptor, or only the same identity? */
     if (tor_memeq(router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
@@ -2141,9 +2127,7 @@ signed_descs_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus(smartlist_t *descs)
 char *
 networkstatus_getinfo_helper_single(const routerstatus_t *rs)
 {
-  char buf[RS_ENTRY_LEN+1];
-  routerstatus_format_entry(buf, sizeof(buf), rs, NULL, NS_CONTROL_PORT);
-  return tor_strdup(buf);
+  return routerstatus_format_entry(rs, NULL, NS_CONTROL_PORT, NULL);
 }
 
 /** Alloc and return a string describing routerstatuses for the most
@@ -2264,6 +2248,21 @@ networkstatus_get_param(const networkstatus_t *ns, const char *param_name,
                                  default_val, min_val, max_val);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Retrieve the consensus parameter that governs the
+ * fixed-point precision of our network balancing 'bandwidth-weights'
+ * (which are themselves integer consensus values). We divide them
+ * by this value and ensure they never exceed this value.
+ */
+int
+networkstatus_get_weight_scale_param(networkstatus_t *ns)
+{
+  return networkstatus_get_param(ns, "bwweightscale",
+                                 BW_WEIGHT_SCALE,
+                                 BW_MIN_WEIGHT_SCALE,
+                                 BW_MAX_WEIGHT_SCALE);
+}
+
 /** Return the value of a integer bw weight parameter from the networkstatus
  * <b>ns</b> whose name is <b>weight_name</b>.  If <b>ns</b> is NULL, try
  * loading the latest consensus ourselves. Return <b>default_val</b> if no
@@ -2280,7 +2279,7 @@ networkstatus_get_bw_weight(networkstatus_t *ns, const char *weight_name,
   if (!ns || !ns->weight_params)
     return default_val;
 
-  max = circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(ns);
+  max = networkstatus_get_weight_scale_param(ns);
   param = get_net_param_from_list(ns->weight_params, weight_name,
                                   default_val, -1,
                                   BW_MAX_WEIGHT_SCALE);
@@ -2321,6 +2320,30 @@ networkstatus_parse_flavor_name(const char *flavname)
     return -1;
 }
 
+/** Return 0 if this routerstatus is obsolete, too new, isn't
+ * running, or otherwise not a descriptor that we would make any
+ * use of even if we had it. Else return 1. */
+int
+client_would_use_router(const routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now,
+                        const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  if (!rs->is_flagged_running && !options->FetchUselessDescriptors) {
+    /* If we had this router descriptor, we wouldn't even bother using it.
+     * But, if we want to have a complete list, fetch it anyway. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (rs->published_on + options->TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime
+      > now) {
+    /* Most caches probably don't have this descriptor yet. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (rs->published_on + OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE < now) {
+    /* We'd drop it immediately for being too old. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
 /** If <b>question</b> is a string beginning with "ns/" in a format the
  * control interface expects for a GETINFO question, set *<b>answer</b> to a
  * newly-allocated string containing networkstatus lines for the appropriate
@@ -2351,8 +2374,11 @@ getinfo_helper_networkstatus(control_connection_t *conn,
     return 0;
   } else if (!strcmpstart(question, "ns/id/")) {
     char d[DIGEST_LEN];
+    const char *q = question + 6;
+    if (*q == '$')
+      ++q;
 
-    if (base16_decode(d, DIGEST_LEN, question+6, strlen(question+6))) {
+    if (base16_decode(d, DIGEST_LEN, q, strlen(q))) {
       *errmsg = "Data not decodeable as hex";
       return -1;
     }
@@ -2383,7 +2409,7 @@ networkstatus_free_all(void)
     networkstatus_v2_list = NULL;
   }
 
-  digestmap_free(v2_download_status_map, _tor_free);
+  digestmap_free(v2_download_status_map, tor_free_);
   v2_download_status_map = NULL;
   networkstatus_vote_free(current_ns_consensus);
   networkstatus_vote_free(current_md_consensus);
@@ -2398,7 +2424,7 @@ networkstatus_free_all(void)
     tor_free(waiting->body);
   }
 
-  strmap_free(named_server_map, _tor_free);
+  strmap_free(named_server_map, tor_free_);
   strmap_free(unnamed_server_map, NULL);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/networkstatus.h b/src/or/networkstatus.h
index 0af17512dd..761f8e7f0e 100644
--- a/src/or/networkstatus.h
+++ b/src/or/networkstatus.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for networkstatus.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H
-#define _TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H
+#ifndef TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H
+#define TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H
 
 /** How old do we allow a v2 network-status to get before removing it
  * completely? */
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ int router_set_networkstatus_v2(const char *s, time_t arrived_at,
 void networkstatus_v2_list_clean(time_t now);
 int compare_digest_to_routerstatus_entry(const void *_key,
                                          const void **_member);
+int compare_digest_to_vote_routerstatus_entry(const void *_key,
+                                              const void **_member);
 const routerstatus_t *networkstatus_v2_find_entry(networkstatus_v2_t *ns,
                                          const char *digest);
 const routerstatus_t *networkstatus_vote_find_entry(networkstatus_t *ns,
@@ -71,7 +73,8 @@ int should_delay_dir_fetches(const or_options_t *options);
 void update_networkstatus_downloads(time_t now);
 void update_certificate_downloads(time_t now);
 int consensus_is_waiting_for_certs(void);
-networkstatus_v2_t *networkstatus_v2_get_by_digest(const char *digest);
+int client_would_use_router(const routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now,
+                            const or_options_t *options);
 networkstatus_t *networkstatus_get_latest_consensus(void);
 networkstatus_t *networkstatus_get_latest_consensus_by_flavor(
                                                   consensus_flavor_t f);
@@ -110,6 +113,7 @@ int networkstatus_parse_flavor_name(const char *flavname);
 void document_signature_free(document_signature_t *sig);
 document_signature_t *document_signature_dup(const document_signature_t *sig);
 void networkstatus_free_all(void);
+int networkstatus_get_weight_scale_param(networkstatus_t *ns);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/nodelist.c b/src/or/nodelist.c
index d17850888d..178f084b69 100644
--- a/src/or/nodelist.c
+++ b/src/or/nodelist.c
@@ -1,23 +1,30 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "address.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "control.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
+#include "geoip.h"
+#include "main.h"
 #include "microdesc.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "policies.h"
+#include "rendservice.h"
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
 
 static void nodelist_drop_node(node_t *node, int remove_from_ht);
 static void node_free(node_t *node);
+static void update_router_have_minimum_dir_info(void);
 
 /** A nodelist_t holds a node_t object for every router we're "willing to use
  * for something".  Specifically, it should hold a node_t for every node that
@@ -115,19 +122,47 @@ node_get_or_create(const char *identity_digest)
   return node;
 }
 
-/** Add <b>ri</b> to the nodelist. */
+/** Called when a node's address changes. */
+static void
+node_addrs_changed(node_t *node)
+{
+  node->last_reachable = node->last_reachable6 = 0;
+  node->country = -1;
+}
+
+/** Add <b>ri</b> to an appropriate node in the nodelist.  If we replace an
+ * old routerinfo, and <b>ri_old_out</b> is not NULL, set *<b>ri_old_out</b>
+ * to the previous routerinfo.
+ */
 node_t *
-nodelist_add_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri)
+nodelist_set_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri, routerinfo_t **ri_old_out)
 {
   node_t *node;
+  const char *id_digest;
+  int had_router = 0;
+  tor_assert(ri);
+
   init_nodelist();
-  node = node_get_or_create(ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
+  id_digest = ri->cache_info.identity_digest;
+  node = node_get_or_create(id_digest);
+
+  if (node->ri) {
+    if (!routers_have_same_or_addrs(node->ri, ri)) {
+      node_addrs_changed(node);
+    }
+    had_router = 1;
+    if (ri_old_out)
+      *ri_old_out = node->ri;
+  } else {
+    if (ri_old_out)
+      *ri_old_out = NULL;
+  }
   node->ri = ri;
 
   if (node->country == -1)
     node_set_country(node);
 
-  if (authdir_mode(get_options())) {
+  if (authdir_mode(get_options()) && !had_router) {
     const char *discard=NULL;
     uint32_t status = dirserv_router_get_status(ri, &discard);
     dirserv_set_node_flags_from_authoritative_status(node, status);
@@ -167,7 +202,7 @@ nodelist_add_microdesc(microdesc_t *md)
   return node;
 }
 
-/** Tell the nodelist that the current usable consensus to <b>ns</b>.
+/** Tell the nodelist that the current usable consensus is <b>ns</b>.
  * This makes the nodelist change all of the routerstatus entries for
  * the nodes, drop nodes that no longer have enough info to get used,
  * and grab microdescriptors into nodes as appropriate.
@@ -177,6 +212,7 @@ nodelist_set_consensus(networkstatus_t *ns)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   int authdir = authdir_mode_v2(options) || authdir_mode_v3(options);
+  int client = !server_mode(options);
 
   init_nodelist();
   if (ns->flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC)
@@ -213,6 +249,11 @@ nodelist_set_consensus(networkstatus_t *ns)
       node->is_bad_directory = rs->is_bad_directory;
       node->is_bad_exit = rs->is_bad_exit;
       node->is_hs_dir = rs->is_hs_dir;
+      node->ipv6_preferred = 0;
+      if (client && options->ClientPreferIPv6ORPort == 1 &&
+          (tor_addr_is_null(&rs->ipv6_addr) == 0 ||
+           (node->md && tor_addr_is_null(&node->md->ipv6_addr) == 0)))
+        node->ipv6_preferred = 1;
     }
 
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rs);
@@ -231,7 +272,8 @@ nodelist_set_consensus(networkstatus_t *ns)
           node->is_valid = node->is_running = node->is_hs_dir =
             node->is_fast = node->is_stable =
             node->is_possible_guard = node->is_exit =
-            node->is_bad_exit = node->is_bad_directory = 0;
+            node->is_bad_exit = node->is_bad_directory =
+            node->ipv6_preferred = 0;
         }
       }
     } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
@@ -582,7 +624,7 @@ node_is_dir(const node_t *node)
 }
 
 /** Return true iff <b>node</b> has either kind of usable descriptor -- that
- * is, a routerdecriptor or a microdescriptor. */
+ * is, a routerdescriptor or a microdescriptor. */
 int
 node_has_descriptor(const node_t *node)
 {
@@ -646,6 +688,24 @@ node_exit_policy_rejects_all(const node_t *node)
     return 1;
 }
 
+/** Return true iff the exit policy for <b>node</b> is such that we can treat
+ * rejecting an address of type <b>family</b> unexpectedly as a sign of that
+ * node's failure. */
+int
+node_exit_policy_is_exact(const node_t *node, sa_family_t family)
+{
+  if (family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+    return 1; /* Rejecting an address but not telling us what address
+               * is a bad sign. */
+  } else if (family == AF_INET) {
+    return node->ri != NULL;
+  } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  tor_fragile_assert();
+  return 1;
+}
+
 /** Return list of tor_addr_port_t with all OR ports (in the sense IP
  * addr + TCP port) for <b>node</b>.  Caller must free all elements
  * using tor_free() and free the list using smartlist_free().
@@ -682,19 +742,6 @@ node_get_all_orports(const node_t *node)
   return sl;
 }
 
-/** Copy the primary (IPv4) OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
- * <b>node</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>.  */
-void
-node_get_prim_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
-{
-  if (node->ri) {
-    router_get_prim_orport(node->ri, ap_out);
-  } else if (node->rs) {
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&ap_out->addr, node->rs->addr);
-    ap_out->port = node->rs->or_port;
-  }
-}
-
 /** Wrapper around node_get_prim_orport for backward
     compatibility.  */
 void
@@ -718,36 +765,6 @@ node_get_prim_addr_ipv4h(const node_t *node)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Copy the preferred OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
- * <b>node</b> into <b>ap_out</b>.  */
-void
-node_get_pref_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
-{
-  if (node->ri) {
-    router_get_pref_orport(node->ri, ap_out);
-  } else if (node->rs) {
-    /* No IPv6 in routerstatus_t yet.  XXXprop186 ok for private
-       bridges but needs fixing */
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&ap_out->addr, node->rs->addr);
-    ap_out->port = node->rs->or_port;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Copy the preferred IPv6 OR port (address and TCP port) for
- * <b>node</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>. */
-void
-node_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
-{
-  if (node->ri) {
-    router_get_pref_ipv6_orport(node->ri, ap_out);
-  } else if (node->rs) {
-    /* No IPv6 in routerstatus_t yet.  XXXprop186 ok for private
-       bridges but needs fixing */
-    tor_addr_make_unspec(&ap_out->addr);
-    ap_out->port = 0;
-  }
-}
-
 /** Copy a string representation of an IP address for <b>node</b> into
  * the <b>len</b>-byte buffer at <b>buf</b>.  */
 void
@@ -818,3 +835,678 @@ node_get_declared_family(const node_t *node)
     return NULL;
 }
 
+/** Return 1 if we prefer the IPv6 address and OR TCP port of
+ * <b>node</b>, else 0.
+ *
+ *  We prefer the IPv6 address if the router has an IPv6 address and
+ *  i) the node_t says that it prefers IPv6
+ *  or
+ *  ii) the router has no IPv4 address. */
+int
+node_ipv6_preferred(const node_t *node)
+{
+  tor_addr_port_t ipv4_addr;
+  node_assert_ok(node);
+
+  if (node->ipv6_preferred || node_get_prim_orport(node, &ipv4_addr)) {
+    if (node->ri)
+      return !tor_addr_is_null(&node->ri->ipv6_addr);
+    if (node->md)
+      return !tor_addr_is_null(&node->md->ipv6_addr);
+    if (node->rs)
+      return !tor_addr_is_null(&node->rs->ipv6_addr);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Copy the primary (IPv4) OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
+ * <b>node</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>. Return 0 if a valid address and
+ * port was copied, else return non-zero.*/
+int
+node_get_prim_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
+{
+  node_assert_ok(node);
+  tor_assert(ap_out);
+
+  if (node->ri) {
+    if (node->ri->addr == 0 || node->ri->or_port == 0)
+      return -1;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&ap_out->addr, node->ri->addr);
+    ap_out->port = node->ri->or_port;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (node->rs) {
+    if (node->rs->addr == 0 || node->rs->or_port == 0)
+      return -1;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&ap_out->addr, node->rs->addr);
+    ap_out->port = node->rs->or_port;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/** Copy the preferred OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
+ * <b>node</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>.  */
+void
+node_get_pref_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  tor_assert(ap_out);
+
+  /* Cheap implementation of config option ClientUseIPv6 -- simply
+     don't prefer IPv6 when ClientUseIPv6 is not set and we're not a
+     client running with bridges. See #4455 for more on this subject.
+
+     Note that this filter is too strict since we're hindering not
+     only clients! Erring on the safe side shouldn't be a problem
+     though. XXX move this check to where outgoing connections are
+     made? -LN */
+  if ((options->ClientUseIPv6 || options->UseBridges) &&
+      node_ipv6_preferred(node)) {
+    node_get_pref_ipv6_orport(node, ap_out);
+  } else {
+    node_get_prim_orport(node, ap_out);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Copy the preferred IPv6 OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
+ * <b>node</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>. */
+void
+node_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
+{
+  node_assert_ok(node);
+  tor_assert(ap_out);
+
+  /* We prefer the microdesc over a potential routerstatus here. They
+     are not being synchronised atm so there might be a chance that
+     they differ at some point, f.ex. when flipping
+     UseMicrodescriptors? -LN */
+
+  if (node->ri) {
+    tor_addr_copy(&ap_out->addr, &node->ri->ipv6_addr);
+    ap_out->port = node->ri->ipv6_orport;
+  } else if (node->md) {
+    tor_addr_copy(&ap_out->addr, &node->md->ipv6_addr);
+    ap_out->port = node->md->ipv6_orport;
+  } else if (node->rs) {
+    tor_addr_copy(&ap_out->addr, &node->rs->ipv6_addr);
+    ap_out->port = node->rs->ipv6_orport;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>node</b> has a curve25519 onion key. */
+int
+node_has_curve25519_onion_key(const node_t *node)
+{
+  if (node->ri)
+    return node->ri->onion_curve25519_pkey != NULL;
+  else if (node->md)
+    return node->md->onion_curve25519_pkey != NULL;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/** Refresh the country code of <b>ri</b>.  This function MUST be called on
+ * each router when the GeoIP database is reloaded, and on all new routers. */
+void
+node_set_country(node_t *node)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr = TOR_ADDR_NULL;
+
+  /* XXXXipv6 */
+  if (node->rs)
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, node->rs->addr);
+  else if (node->ri)
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, node->ri->addr);
+
+  node->country = geoip_get_country_by_addr(&addr);
+}
+
+/** Set the country code of all routers in the routerlist. */
+void
+nodelist_refresh_countries(void)
+{
+  smartlist_t *nodes = nodelist_get_list();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodes, node_t *, node,
+                    node_set_country(node));
+}
+
+/** Return true iff router1 and router2 have similar enough network addresses
+ * that we should treat them as being in the same family */
+static INLINE int
+addrs_in_same_network_family(const tor_addr_t *a1,
+                             const tor_addr_t *a2)
+{
+  return 0 == tor_addr_compare_masked(a1, a2, 16, CMP_SEMANTIC);
+}
+
+/** Return true if <b>node</b>'s nickname matches <b>nickname</b>
+ * (case-insensitive), or if <b>node's</b> identity key digest
+ * matches a hexadecimal value stored in <b>nickname</b>.  Return
+ * false otherwise. */
+static int
+node_nickname_matches(const node_t *node, const char *nickname)
+{
+  const char *n = node_get_nickname(node);
+  if (n && nickname[0]!='$' && !strcasecmp(n, nickname))
+    return 1;
+  return hex_digest_nickname_matches(nickname,
+                                     node->identity,
+                                     n,
+                                     node_is_named(node));
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>node</b> is named by some nickname in <b>lst</b>. */
+static INLINE int
+node_in_nickname_smartlist(const smartlist_t *lst, const node_t *node)
+{
+  if (!lst) return 0;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const char *, name, {
+    if (node_nickname_matches(node, name))
+      return 1;
+  });
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff r1 and r2 are in the same family, but not the same
+ * router. */
+int
+nodes_in_same_family(const node_t *node1, const node_t *node2)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  /* Are they in the same family because of their addresses? */
+  if (options->EnforceDistinctSubnets) {
+    tor_addr_t a1, a2;
+    node_get_addr(node1, &a1);
+    node_get_addr(node2, &a2);
+    if (addrs_in_same_network_family(&a1, &a2))
+      return 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Are they in the same family because the agree they are? */
+  {
+    const smartlist_t *f1, *f2;
+    f1 = node_get_declared_family(node1);
+    f2 = node_get_declared_family(node2);
+    if (f1 && f2 &&
+        node_in_nickname_smartlist(f1, node2) &&
+        node_in_nickname_smartlist(f2, node1))
+      return 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Are they in the same option because the user says they are? */
+  if (options->NodeFamilySets) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->NodeFamilySets, const routerset_t *, rs, {
+        if (routerset_contains_node(rs, node1) &&
+            routerset_contains_node(rs, node2))
+          return 1;
+      });
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add all the family of <b>node</b>, including <b>node</b> itself, to
+ * the smartlist <b>sl</b>.
+ *
+ * This is used to make sure we don't pick siblings in a single path, or
+ * pick more than one relay from a family for our entry guard list.
+ * Note that a node may be added to <b>sl</b> more than once if it is
+ * part of <b>node</b>'s family for more than one reason.
+ */
+void
+nodelist_add_node_and_family(smartlist_t *sl, const node_t *node)
+{
+  const smartlist_t *all_nodes = nodelist_get_list();
+  const smartlist_t *declared_family;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  tor_assert(node);
+
+  declared_family = node_get_declared_family(node);
+
+  /* Let's make sure that we have the node itself, if it's a real node. */
+  {
+    const node_t *real_node = node_get_by_id(node->identity);
+    if (real_node)
+      smartlist_add(sl, (node_t*)real_node);
+  }
+
+  /* First, add any nodes with similar network addresses. */
+  if (options->EnforceDistinctSubnets) {
+    tor_addr_t node_addr;
+    node_get_addr(node, &node_addr);
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(all_nodes, const node_t *, node2) {
+      tor_addr_t a;
+      node_get_addr(node2, &a);
+      if (addrs_in_same_network_family(&a, &node_addr))
+        smartlist_add(sl, (void*)node2);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node2);
+  }
+
+  /* Now, add all nodes in the declared_family of this node, if they
+   * also declare this node to be in their family. */
+  if (declared_family) {
+    /* Add every r such that router declares familyness with node, and node
+     * declares familyhood with router. */
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(declared_family, const char *, name) {
+      const node_t *node2;
+      const smartlist_t *family2;
+      if (!(node2 = node_get_by_nickname(name, 0)))
+        continue;
+      if (!(family2 = node_get_declared_family(node2)))
+        continue;
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(family2, const char *, name2) {
+          if (node_nickname_matches(node, name2)) {
+            smartlist_add(sl, (void*)node2);
+            break;
+          }
+      } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(name2);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(name);
+  }
+
+  /* If the user declared any families locally, honor those too. */
+  if (options->NodeFamilySets) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->NodeFamilySets, const routerset_t *, rs, {
+      if (routerset_contains_node(rs, node)) {
+        routerset_get_all_nodes(sl, rs, NULL, 0);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/** Find a router that's up, that has this IP address, and
+ * that allows exit to this address:port, or return NULL if there
+ * isn't a good one.
+ * Don't exit enclave to excluded relays -- it wouldn't actually
+ * hurt anything, but this way there are fewer confused users.
+ */
+const node_t *
+router_find_exact_exit_enclave(const char *address, uint16_t port)
+{/*XXXX MOVE*/
+  uint32_t addr;
+  struct in_addr in;
+  tor_addr_t a;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+
+  if (!tor_inet_aton(address, &in))
+    return NULL; /* it's not an IP already */
+  addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
+
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&a, addr);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodelist_get_list(), const node_t *, node, {
+    if (node_get_addr_ipv4h(node) == addr &&
+        node->is_running &&
+        compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(&a, port, node) ==
+          ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED &&
+        !routerset_contains_node(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_, node))
+      return node;
+  });
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if <b>router</b> is not suitable for these parameters, else 0.
+ * If <b>need_uptime</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum uptime.
+ * If <b>need_capacity</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum advertised
+ * bandwidth.
+ * If <b>need_guard</b>, we require that the router is a possible entry guard.
+ */
+int
+node_is_unreliable(const node_t *node, int need_uptime,
+                   int need_capacity, int need_guard)
+{
+  if (need_uptime && !node->is_stable)
+    return 1;
+  if (need_capacity && !node->is_fast)
+    return 1;
+  if (need_guard && !node->is_possible_guard)
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return 1 if all running sufficiently-stable routers we can use will reject
+ * addr:port. Return 0 if any might accept it. */
+int
+router_exit_policy_all_nodes_reject(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                                    int need_uptime)
+{
+  addr_policy_result_t r;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), const node_t *, node) {
+    if (node->is_running &&
+        !node_is_unreliable(node, need_uptime, 0, 0)) {
+
+      r = compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(addr, port, node);
+
+      if (r != ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED && r != ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_REJECTED)
+        return 0; /* this one could be ok. good enough. */
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
+  return 1; /* all will reject. */
+}
+
+/** Mark the router with ID <b>digest</b> as running or non-running
+ * in our routerlist. */
+void
+router_set_status(const char *digest, int up)
+{
+  node_t *node;
+  tor_assert(digest);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_fallback_dir_servers(),
+                    dir_server_t *, d,
+                    if (tor_memeq(d->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+                      d->is_running = up);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router_get_trusted_dir_servers(),
+                    dir_server_t *, d,
+                    if (tor_memeq(d->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+                      d->is_running = up);
+
+  node = node_get_mutable_by_id(digest);
+  if (node) {
+#if 0
+    log_debug(LD_DIR,"Marking router %s as %s.",
+              node_describe(node), up ? "up" : "down");
+#endif
+    if (!up && node_is_me(node) && !net_is_disabled())
+      log_warn(LD_NET, "We just marked ourself as down. Are your external "
+               "addresses reachable?");
+    node->is_running = up;
+  }
+
+  router_dir_info_changed();
+}
+
+/** True iff, the last time we checked whether we had enough directory info
+ * to build circuits, the answer was "yes". */
+static int have_min_dir_info = 0;
+/** True iff enough has changed since the last time we checked whether we had
+ * enough directory info to build circuits that our old answer can no longer
+ * be trusted. */
+static int need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 1;
+/** String describing what we're missing before we have enough directory
+ * info. */
+static char dir_info_status[256] = "";
+
+/** Return true iff we have enough networkstatus and router information to
+ * start building circuits.  Right now, this means "more than half the
+ * networkstatus documents, and at least 1/4 of expected routers." */
+//XXX should consider whether we have enough exiting nodes here.
+int
+router_have_minimum_dir_info(void)
+{
+  if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(need_to_update_have_min_dir_info)) {
+    update_router_have_minimum_dir_info();
+    need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 0;
+  }
+  return have_min_dir_info;
+}
+
+/** Called when our internal view of the directory has changed.  This can be
+ * when the authorities change, networkstatuses change, the list of routerdescs
+ * changes, or number of running routers changes.
+ */
+void
+router_dir_info_changed(void)
+{
+  need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 1;
+  rend_hsdir_routers_changed();
+}
+
+/** Return a string describing what we're missing before we have enough
+ * directory info. */
+const char *
+get_dir_info_status_string(void)
+{
+  return dir_info_status;
+}
+
+/** Iterate over the servers listed in <b>consensus</b>, and count how many of
+ * them seem like ones we'd use, and how many of <em>those</em> we have
+ * descriptors for.  Store the former in *<b>num_usable</b> and the latter in
+ * *<b>num_present</b>.  If <b>in_set</b> is non-NULL, only consider those
+ * routers in <b>in_set</b>.  If <b>exit_only</b> is true, only consider nodes
+ * with the Exit flag.  If *descs_out is present, add a node_t for each
+ * usable descriptor to it.
+ */
+static void
+count_usable_descriptors(int *num_present, int *num_usable,
+                         smartlist_t *descs_out,
+                         const networkstatus_t *consensus,
+                         const or_options_t *options, time_t now,
+                         routerset_t *in_set, int exit_only)
+{
+  const int md = (consensus->flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC);
+  *num_present = 0, *num_usable=0;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(consensus->routerstatus_list, routerstatus_t *, rs)
+    {
+       const node_t *node = node_get_by_id(rs->identity_digest);
+       if (!node)
+         continue; /* This would be a bug: every entry in the consensus is
+                    * supposed to have a node. */
+       if (exit_only && ! rs->is_exit)
+         continue;
+       if (in_set && ! routerset_contains_routerstatus(in_set, rs, -1))
+         continue;
+       if (client_would_use_router(rs, now, options)) {
+         const char * const digest = rs->descriptor_digest;
+         int present;
+         ++*num_usable; /* the consensus says we want it. */
+         if (md)
+           present = NULL != microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(NULL, digest);
+         else
+           present = NULL != router_get_by_descriptor_digest(digest);
+         if (present) {
+           /* we have the descriptor listed in the consensus. */
+           ++*num_present;
+         }
+         if (descs_out)
+           smartlist_add(descs_out, (node_t*)node);
+       }
+     }
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rs);
+
+  log_debug(LD_DIR, "%d usable, %d present (%s%s).",
+            *num_usable, *num_present,
+            md ? "microdesc" : "desc", exit_only ? " exits" : "s");
+}
+
+/** Return an extimate of which fraction of usable paths through the Tor
+ * network we have available for use. */
+static double
+compute_frac_paths_available(const networkstatus_t *consensus,
+                             const or_options_t *options, time_t now,
+                             int *num_present_out, int *num_usable_out,
+                             char **status_out)
+{
+  smartlist_t *guards = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_t *mid    = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_t *exits  = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_t *myexits= smartlist_new();
+  double f_guard, f_mid, f_exit, f_myexit;
+  int np, nu; /* Ignored */
+  const int authdir = authdir_mode_v2(options) || authdir_mode_v3(options);
+
+  count_usable_descriptors(num_present_out, num_usable_out,
+                           mid, consensus, options, now, NULL, 0);
+  if (options->EntryNodes) {
+    count_usable_descriptors(&np, &nu, guards, consensus, options, now,
+                             options->EntryNodes, 0);
+  } else {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mid, const node_t *, node, {
+      if (authdir) {
+        if (node->rs && node->rs->is_possible_guard)
+          smartlist_add(guards, (node_t*)node);
+      } else {
+        if (node->is_possible_guard)
+          smartlist_add(guards, (node_t*)node);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  count_usable_descriptors(&np, &nu, exits, consensus, options, now,
+                           NULL, 1);
+  count_usable_descriptors(&np, &nu, myexits, consensus, options, now,
+                           options->ExitNodes, 1);
+
+  f_guard = frac_nodes_with_descriptors(guards, WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD);
+  f_mid   = frac_nodes_with_descriptors(mid,    WEIGHT_FOR_MID);
+  f_exit  = frac_nodes_with_descriptors(exits,  WEIGHT_FOR_EXIT);
+  f_myexit= frac_nodes_with_descriptors(myexits,WEIGHT_FOR_EXIT);
+
+  smartlist_free(guards);
+  smartlist_free(mid);
+  smartlist_free(exits);
+  smartlist_free(myexits);
+
+  /* This is a tricky point here: we don't want to make it easy for a
+   * directory to trickle exits to us until it learns which exits we have
+   * configured, so require that we have a threshold both of total exits
+   * and usable exits. */
+  if (f_myexit < f_exit)
+    f_exit = f_myexit;
+
+  tor_asprintf(status_out,
+               "%d%% of guards bw, "
+               "%d%% of midpoint bw, and "
+               "%d%% of exit bw",
+               (int)(f_guard*100),
+               (int)(f_mid*100),
+               (int)(f_exit*100));
+
+  return f_guard * f_mid * f_exit;
+}
+
+/** We just fetched a new set of descriptors. Compute how far through
+ * the "loading descriptors" bootstrapping phase we are, so we can inform
+ * the controller of our progress. */
+int
+count_loading_descriptors_progress(void)
+{
+  int num_present = 0, num_usable=0;
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  const networkstatus_t *consensus =
+    networkstatus_get_reasonably_live_consensus(now,usable_consensus_flavor());
+  double fraction;
+
+  if (!consensus)
+    return 0; /* can't count descriptors if we have no list of them */
+
+  count_usable_descriptors(&num_present, &num_usable, NULL,
+                           consensus, get_options(), now, NULL, 0);
+
+  if (num_usable == 0)
+    return 0; /* don't div by 0 */
+  fraction = num_present / (num_usable/4.);
+  if (fraction > 1.0)
+    return 0; /* it's not the number of descriptors holding us back */
+  return BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS + (int)
+    (fraction*(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CONN_OR-1 -
+               BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS));
+}
+
+/** Return the fraction of paths needed before we're willing to build
+ * circuits, as configured in <b>options</b>, or in the consensus <b>ns</b>. */
+static double
+get_frac_paths_needed_for_circs(const or_options_t *options,
+                                const networkstatus_t *ns)
+{
+#define DFLT_PCT_USABLE_NEEDED 60
+  if (options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits >= 0.0) {
+    return options->PathsNeededToBuildCircuits;
+  } else {
+    return networkstatus_get_param(ns, "min_paths_for_circs_pct",
+                                   DFLT_PCT_USABLE_NEEDED,
+                                   25, 95)/100.0;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Change the value of have_min_dir_info, setting it true iff we have enough
+ * network and router information to build circuits.  Clear the value of
+ * need_to_update_have_min_dir_info. */
+static void
+update_router_have_minimum_dir_info(void)
+{
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  int res;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  const networkstatus_t *consensus =
+    networkstatus_get_reasonably_live_consensus(now,usable_consensus_flavor());
+  int using_md;
+
+  if (!consensus) {
+    if (!networkstatus_get_latest_consensus())
+      strlcpy(dir_info_status, "We have no usable consensus.",
+              sizeof(dir_info_status));
+    else
+      strlcpy(dir_info_status, "We have no recent usable consensus.",
+              sizeof(dir_info_status));
+    res = 0;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  if (should_delay_dir_fetches(get_options())) {
+    log_notice(LD_DIR, "no known bridge descriptors running yet; stalling");
+    strlcpy(dir_info_status, "No live bridge descriptors.",
+            sizeof(dir_info_status));
+    res = 0;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  using_md = consensus->flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC;
+
+  {
+    char *status = NULL;
+    int num_present=0, num_usable=0;
+    double paths = compute_frac_paths_available(consensus, options, now,
+                                                &num_present, &num_usable,
+                                                &status);
+
+    if (paths < get_frac_paths_needed_for_circs(options,consensus)) {
+      tor_snprintf(dir_info_status, sizeof(dir_info_status),
+                   "We need more %sdescriptors: we have %d/%d, and "
+                   "can only build %d%% of likely paths. (We have %s.)",
+                   using_md?"micro":"", num_present, num_usable,
+                   (int)(paths*100), status);
+      /* log_notice(LD_NET, "%s", dir_info_status); */
+      tor_free(status);
+      res = 0;
+      control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_REQUESTING_DESCRIPTORS, 0);
+      goto done;
+    }
+
+    tor_free(status);
+    res = 1;
+  }
+
+ done:
+  if (res && !have_min_dir_info) {
+    log_notice(LD_DIR,
+        "We now have enough directory information to build circuits.");
+    control_event_client_status(LOG_NOTICE, "ENOUGH_DIR_INFO");
+    control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CONN_OR, 0);
+  }
+  if (!res && have_min_dir_info) {
+    int quiet = directory_too_idle_to_fetch_descriptors(options, now);
+    tor_log(quiet ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR,
+        "Our directory information is no longer up-to-date "
+        "enough to build circuits: %s", dir_info_status);
+
+    /* a) make us log when we next complete a circuit, so we know when Tor
+     * is back up and usable, and b) disable some activities that Tor
+     * should only do while circuits are working, like reachability tests
+     * and fetching bridge descriptors only over circuits. */
+    can_complete_circuit = 0;
+
+    control_event_client_status(LOG_NOTICE, "NOT_ENOUGH_DIR_INFO");
+  }
+  have_min_dir_info = res;
+  need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/nodelist.h b/src/or/nodelist.h
index 1e9da88d4e..8a4665a8bf 100644
--- a/src/or/nodelist.h
+++ b/src/or/nodelist.h
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
- * \file microdesc.h
- * \brief Header file for microdesc.c.
+ * \file nodelist.h
+ * \brief Header file for nodelist.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_NODELIST_H
-#define _TOR_NODELIST_H
+#ifndef TOR_NODELIST_H
+#define TOR_NODELIST_H
+
+#define node_assert_ok(n) STMT_BEGIN {                          \
+    tor_assert((n)->ri || (n)->rs);                             \
+  } STMT_END
 
 node_t *node_get_mutable_by_id(const char *identity_digest);
 const node_t *node_get_by_id(const char *identity_digest);
 const node_t *node_get_by_hex_id(const char *identity_digest);
-node_t *nodelist_add_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri);
+node_t *nodelist_set_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri, routerinfo_t **ri_old_out);
 node_t *nodelist_add_microdesc(microdesc_t *md);
 void nodelist_set_consensus(networkstatus_t *ns);
 
@@ -37,19 +41,21 @@ int node_get_purpose(const node_t *node);
   (node_get_purpose((node)) == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE)
 int node_is_me(const node_t *node);
 int node_exit_policy_rejects_all(const node_t *node);
+int node_exit_policy_is_exact(const node_t *node, sa_family_t family);
 smartlist_t *node_get_all_orports(const node_t *node);
-void node_get_prim_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *addr_port_out);
-void node_get_pref_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *addr_port_out);
-void node_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const node_t *node,
-                               tor_addr_port_t *addr_port_out);
-uint32_t node_get_prim_addr_ipv4h(const node_t *node);
 int node_allows_single_hop_exits(const node_t *node);
 const char *node_get_nickname(const node_t *node);
 const char *node_get_platform(const node_t *node);
+uint32_t node_get_prim_addr_ipv4h(const node_t *node);
 void node_get_address_string(const node_t *node, char *cp, size_t len);
 long node_get_declared_uptime(const node_t *node);
 time_t node_get_published_on(const node_t *node);
 const smartlist_t *node_get_declared_family(const node_t *node);
+int node_ipv6_preferred(const node_t *node);
+int node_get_prim_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out);
+void node_get_pref_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out);
+void node_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const node_t *node, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out);
+int node_has_curve25519_onion_key(const node_t *node);
 
 smartlist_t *nodelist_get_list(void);
 
@@ -57,11 +63,22 @@ smartlist_t *nodelist_get_list(void);
 void node_get_addr(const node_t *node, tor_addr_t *addr_out);
 #define node_get_addr_ipv4h(n) node_get_prim_addr_ipv4h((n))
 
-/* XXXX These need to move out of routerlist.c */
 void nodelist_refresh_countries(void);
 void node_set_country(node_t *node);
 void nodelist_add_node_and_family(smartlist_t *nodes, const node_t *node);
 int nodes_in_same_family(const node_t *node1, const node_t *node2);
 
+const node_t *router_find_exact_exit_enclave(const char *address,
+                                             uint16_t port);
+int node_is_unreliable(const node_t *router, int need_uptime,
+                         int need_capacity, int need_guard);
+int router_exit_policy_all_nodes_reject(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                                        int need_uptime);
+void router_set_status(const char *digest, int up);
+int router_have_minimum_dir_info(void);
+void router_dir_info_changed(void);
+const char *get_dir_info_status_string(void);
+int count_loading_descriptors_progress(void);
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/ntmain.c b/src/or/ntmain.c
index d001f7be13..8b67b86822 100644
--- a/src/or/ntmain.c
+++ b/src/or/ntmain.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #define MAIN_PRIVATE
diff --git a/src/or/ntmain.h b/src/or/ntmain.h
index 07fdcf466b..d3027936cd 100644
--- a/src/or/ntmain.h
+++ b/src/or/ntmain.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for ntmain.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_NTMAIN_H
-#define _TOR_NTMAIN_H
+#ifndef TOR_NTMAIN_H
+#define TOR_NTMAIN_H
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #if !defined (WINCE)
diff --git a/src/or/onion.c b/src/or/onion.c
index f8c4d72b5a..1a0bcf106e 100644
--- a/src/or/onion.c
+++ b/src/or/onion.c
@@ -1,74 +1,158 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
  * \file onion.c
- * \brief Functions to queue create cells, and handle onionskin
- * parsing and creation.
+ * \brief Functions to queue create cells, wrap the various onionskin types,
+ * and parse and create the CREATE cell and its allies.
  **/
 
 #include "or.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "cpuworker.h"
+#include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "onion_fast.h"
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
+#include "relay.h"
 #include "rephist.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "tor_queue.h"
 
 /** Type for a linked list of circuits that are waiting for a free CPU worker
  * to process a waiting onion handshake. */
 typedef struct onion_queue_t {
+  TOR_TAILQ_ENTRY(onion_queue_t) next;
   or_circuit_t *circ;
-  char *onionskin;
+  uint16_t handshake_type;
+  create_cell_t *onionskin;
   time_t when_added;
-  struct onion_queue_t *next;
 } onion_queue_t;
 
 /** 5 seconds on the onion queue til we just send back a destroy */
 #define ONIONQUEUE_WAIT_CUTOFF 5
 
-/** First and last elements in the linked list of circuits waiting for CPU
- * workers, or NULL if the list is empty.
- * @{ */
-static onion_queue_t *ol_list=NULL;
-static onion_queue_t *ol_tail=NULL;
-/**@}*/
-/** Length of ol_list */
-static int ol_length=0;
+/** Array of queues of circuits waiting for CPU workers. An element is NULL
+ * if that queue is empty.*/
+TOR_TAILQ_HEAD(onion_queue_head_t, onion_queue_t)
+              ol_list[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1] = {
+  TOR_TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ol_list[0]), /* tap */
+  TOR_TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ol_list[1]), /* fast */
+  TOR_TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ol_list[2]), /* ntor */
+};
+
+/** Number of entries of each type currently in each element of ol_list[]. */
+static int ol_entries[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1];
+
+static int num_ntors_per_tap(void);
+static void onion_queue_entry_remove(onion_queue_t *victim);
+
+/* XXXX024 Check lengths vs MAX_ONIONSKIN_{CHALLENGE,REPLY}_LEN.
+ *
+ * (By which I think I meant, "make sure that no
+ * X_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE/REPLY_LEN is greater than
+ * MAX_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE/REPLY_LEN."  Also, make sure that we can pass
+ * over-large values via EXTEND2/EXTENDED2, for future-compatibility.*/
+
+/** Return true iff we have room to queue another oninoskin of type
+ * <b>type</b>. */
+static int
+have_room_for_onionskin(uint16_t type)
+{
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  int num_cpus;
+  uint64_t tap_usec, ntor_usec;
+  uint64_t ntor_during_tap_usec, tap_during_ntor_usec;
+
+  /* If we've got fewer than 50 entries, we always have room for one more. */
+  if (ol_entries[type] < 50)
+    return 1;
+  num_cpus = get_num_cpus(options);
+  /* Compute how many microseconds we'd expect to need to clear all
+   * onionskins in various combinations of the queues. */
+
+  /* How long would it take to process all the TAP cells in the queue? */
+  tap_usec  = estimated_usec_for_onionskins(
+                                    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP],
+                                    ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP) / num_cpus;
+
+  /* How long would it take to process all the NTor cells in the queue? */
+  ntor_usec = estimated_usec_for_onionskins(
+                                    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR],
+                                    ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR) / num_cpus;
+
+  /* How long would it take to process the tap cells that we expect to
+   * process while draining the ntor queue? */
+  tap_during_ntor_usec  = estimated_usec_for_onionskins(
+    MIN(ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP],
+        ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR] / num_ntors_per_tap()),
+                                    ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP) / num_cpus;
+
+  /* How long would it take to process the ntor cells that we expect to
+   * process while draining the tap queue? */
+  ntor_during_tap_usec  = estimated_usec_for_onionskins(
+    MIN(ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR],
+        ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP] * num_ntors_per_tap()),
+                                    ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR) / num_cpus;
+
+  /* See whether that exceeds MaxOnionQueueDelay. If so, we can't queue
+   * this. */
+  if (type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR &&
+      (ntor_usec + tap_during_ntor_usec) / 1000 >
+       (uint64_t)options->MaxOnionQueueDelay)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP &&
+      (tap_usec + ntor_during_tap_usec) / 1000 >
+       (uint64_t)options->MaxOnionQueueDelay)
+    return 0;
+
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  /* If we support the ntor handshake, then don't let TAP handshakes use
+   * more than 2/3 of the space on the queue. */
+  if (type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP &&
+      tap_usec / 1000 > (uint64_t)options->MaxOnionQueueDelay * 2 / 3)
+    return 0;
+#else
+  (void) type;
+#endif
+
+  return 1;
+}
 
 /** Add <b>circ</b> to the end of ol_list and return 0, except
  * if ol_list is too long, in which case do nothing and return -1.
  */
 int
-onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, char *onionskin)
+onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, create_cell_t *onionskin)
 {
   onion_queue_t *tmp;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
 
+  if (onionskin->handshake_type > MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Handshake %d out of range! Dropping.",
+             onionskin->handshake_type);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
   tmp = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(onion_queue_t));
   tmp->circ = circ;
+  tmp->handshake_type = onionskin->handshake_type;
   tmp->onionskin = onionskin;
   tmp->when_added = now;
 
-  if (!ol_tail) {
-    tor_assert(!ol_list);
-    tor_assert(!ol_length);
-    ol_list = tmp;
-    ol_tail = tmp;
-    ol_length++;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  tor_assert(ol_list);
-  tor_assert(!ol_tail->next);
-
-  if (ol_length >= get_options()->MaxOnionsPending) {
+  if (!have_room_for_onionskin(onionskin->handshake_type)) {
 #define WARN_TOO_MANY_CIRC_CREATIONS_INTERVAL (60)
     static ratelim_t last_warned =
       RATELIM_INIT(WARN_TOO_MANY_CIRC_CREATIONS_INTERVAL);
     char *m;
-    if ((m = rate_limit_log(&last_warned, approx_time()))) {
+    if (onionskin->handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR &&
+        (m = rate_limit_log(&last_warned, approx_time()))) {
       log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
                "Your computer is too slow to handle this many circuit "
                "creation requests! Please consider using the "
@@ -80,13 +164,24 @@ onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, char *onionskin)
     return -1;
   }
 
-  ol_length++;
-  ol_tail->next = tmp;
-  ol_tail = tmp;
-  while ((int)(now - ol_list->when_added) >= ONIONQUEUE_WAIT_CUTOFF) {
-    /* cull elderly requests. */
-    circ = ol_list->circ;
-    onion_pending_remove(ol_list->circ);
+  ++ol_entries[onionskin->handshake_type];
+  log_info(LD_OR, "New create (%s). Queues now ntor=%d and tap=%d.",
+    onionskin->handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR ? "ntor" : "tap",
+    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR],
+    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP]);
+
+  circ->onionqueue_entry = tmp;
+  TOR_TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ol_list[onionskin->handshake_type], tmp, next);
+
+  /* cull elderly requests. */
+  while (1) {
+    onion_queue_t *head = TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(&ol_list[onionskin->handshake_type]);
+    if (now - head->when_added < (time_t)ONIONQUEUE_WAIT_CUTOFF)
+      break;
+
+    circ = head->circ;
+    circ->onionqueue_entry = NULL;
+    onion_queue_entry_remove(head);
     log_info(LD_CIRC,
              "Circuit create request is too old; canceling due to overload.");
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT);
@@ -94,355 +189,993 @@ onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, char *onionskin)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Remove the first item from ol_list and return it, or return
- * NULL if the list is empty.
+/** Return a fairness parameter, to prefer processing NTOR style
+ * handshakes but still slowly drain the TAP queue so we don't starve
+ * it entirely. */
+static int
+num_ntors_per_tap(void)
+{
+#define DEFAULT_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP 10
+#define MIN_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP 1
+#define MAX_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP 100000
+
+  return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "NumNTorsPerTAP",
+                                 DEFAULT_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP,
+                                 MIN_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP,
+                                 MAX_NUM_NTORS_PER_TAP);
+}
+
+/** Choose which onion queue we'll pull from next. If one is empty choose
+ * the other; if they both have elements, load balance across them but
+ * favoring NTOR. */
+static uint16_t
+decide_next_handshake_type(void)
+{
+  /* The number of times we've chosen ntor lately when both were available. */
+  static int recently_chosen_ntors = 0;
+
+  if (!ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR])
+    return ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP; /* no ntors? try tap */
+
+  if (!ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP]) {
+
+    /* Nick wants us to prioritize new tap requests when there aren't
+     * any in the queue and we've processed k ntor cells since the last
+     * tap cell. This strategy is maybe a good idea, since it starves tap
+     * less in the case where tap is rare, or maybe a poor idea, since it
+     * makes the new tap cell unfairly jump in front of ntor cells that
+     * got here first. In any case this edge case will only become relevant
+     * once tap is rare. We should reevaluate whether we like this decision
+     * once tap gets more rare. */
+    if (ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR] &&
+        recently_chosen_ntors <= num_ntors_per_tap())
+      ++recently_chosen_ntors;
+
+    return ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR; /* no taps? try ntor */
+  }
+
+  /* They both have something queued. Pick ntor if we haven't done that
+   * too much lately. */
+  if (++recently_chosen_ntors <= num_ntors_per_tap()) {
+    return ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR;
+  }
+
+  /* Else, it's time to let tap have its turn. */
+  recently_chosen_ntors = 0;
+  return ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP;
+}
+
+/** Remove the highest priority item from ol_list[] and return it, or
+ * return NULL if the lists are empty.
  */
 or_circuit_t *
-onion_next_task(char **onionskin_out)
+onion_next_task(create_cell_t **onionskin_out)
 {
   or_circuit_t *circ;
+  uint16_t handshake_to_choose = decide_next_handshake_type();
+  onion_queue_t *head = TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(&ol_list[handshake_to_choose]);
 
-  if (!ol_list)
+  if (!head)
     return NULL; /* no onions pending, we're done */
 
-  tor_assert(ol_list->circ);
-  tor_assert(ol_list->circ->p_conn); /* make sure it's still valid */
-  tor_assert(ol_length > 0);
-  circ = ol_list->circ;
-  *onionskin_out = ol_list->onionskin;
-  ol_list->onionskin = NULL; /* prevent free. */
-  onion_pending_remove(ol_list->circ);
+  tor_assert(head->circ);
+  tor_assert(head->handshake_type <= MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE);
+//  tor_assert(head->circ->p_chan); /* make sure it's still valid */
+/* XXX I only commented out the above line to make the unit tests
+ * more manageable. That's probably not good long-term. -RD */
+  circ = head->circ;
+  if (head->onionskin)
+    --ol_entries[head->handshake_type];
+  log_info(LD_OR, "Processing create (%s). Queues now ntor=%d and tap=%d.",
+    head->handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR ? "ntor" : "tap",
+    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR],
+    ol_entries[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP]);
+
+  *onionskin_out = head->onionskin;
+  head->onionskin = NULL; /* prevent free. */
+  circ->onionqueue_entry = NULL;
+  onion_queue_entry_remove(head);
   return circ;
 }
 
+/** Return the number of <b>handshake_type</b>-style create requests pending.
+ */
+int
+onion_num_pending(uint16_t handshake_type)
+{
+  return ol_entries[handshake_type];
+}
+
 /** Go through ol_list, find the onion_queue_t element which points to
  * circ, remove and free that element. Leave circ itself alone.
  */
 void
 onion_pending_remove(or_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  onion_queue_t *tmpo, *victim;
-
-  if (!ol_list)
-    return; /* nothing here. */
-
-  /* first check to see if it's the first entry */
-  tmpo = ol_list;
-  if (tmpo->circ == circ) {
-    /* it's the first one. remove it from the list. */
-    ol_list = tmpo->next;
-    if (!ol_list)
-      ol_tail = NULL;
-    ol_length--;
-    victim = tmpo;
-  } else { /* we need to hunt through the rest of the list */
-    for ( ;tmpo->next && tmpo->next->circ != circ; tmpo=tmpo->next) ;
-    if (!tmpo->next) {
-      log_debug(LD_GENERAL,
-                "circ (p_circ_id %d) not in list, probably at cpuworker.",
-                circ->p_circ_id);
-      return;
-    }
-    /* now we know tmpo->next->circ == circ */
-    victim = tmpo->next;
-    tmpo->next = victim->next;
-    if (ol_tail == victim)
-      ol_tail = tmpo;
-    ol_length--;
+  onion_queue_t *victim;
+
+  if (!circ)
+    return;
+
+  victim = circ->onionqueue_entry;
+  if (victim)
+    onion_queue_entry_remove(victim);
+}
+
+/** Remove a queue entry <b>victim</b> from the queue, unlinking it from
+ * its circuit and freeing it and any structures it owns.*/
+static void
+onion_queue_entry_remove(onion_queue_t *victim)
+{
+  if (victim->handshake_type > MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Handshake %d out of range! Dropping.",
+             victim->handshake_type);
+    /* XXX leaks */
+    return;
   }
 
-  /* now victim points to the element that needs to be removed */
+  TOR_TAILQ_REMOVE(&ol_list[victim->handshake_type], victim, next);
+
+  if (victim->circ)
+    victim->circ->onionqueue_entry = NULL;
+
+  if (victim->onionskin)
+    --ol_entries[victim->handshake_type];
 
   tor_free(victim->onionskin);
   tor_free(victim);
 }
 
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/** Remove all circuits from the pending list.  Called from tor_free_all. */
+void
+clear_pending_onions(void)
+{
+  onion_queue_t *victim;
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; i<=MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE; i++) {
+    while ((victim = TOR_TAILQ_FIRST(&ol_list[i]))) {
+      onion_queue_entry_remove(victim);
+    }
+  }
+  memset(ol_entries, 0, sizeof(ol_entries));
+}
 
-/** Given a router's 128 byte public key,
- * stores the following in onion_skin_out:
- *   - [42 bytes] OAEP padding
- *   - [16 bytes] Symmetric key for encrypting blob past RSA
- *   - [70 bytes] g^x part 1 (inside the RSA)
- *   - [58 bytes] g^x part 2 (symmetrically encrypted)
- *
- * Stores the DH private key into handshake_state_out for later completion
- * of the handshake.
- *
- * The meeting point/cookies and auth are zeroed out for now.
+/* ============================================================ */
+
+/** Fill in a server_onion_keys_t object at <b>keys</b> with all of the keys
+ * and other info we might need to do onion handshakes.  (We make a copy of
+ * our keys for each cpuworker to avoid race conditions with the main thread,
+ * and to avoid locking) */
+void
+setup_server_onion_keys(server_onion_keys_t *keys)
+{
+  memset(keys, 0, sizeof(server_onion_keys_t));
+  memcpy(keys->my_identity, router_get_my_id_digest(), DIGEST_LEN);
+  dup_onion_keys(&keys->onion_key, &keys->last_onion_key);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  keys->curve25519_key_map = construct_ntor_key_map();
+  keys->junk_keypair = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(curve25519_keypair_t));
+  curve25519_keypair_generate(keys->junk_keypair, 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Release all storage held in <b>keys</b>, but do not free <b>keys</b>
+ * itself (as it's likely to be stack-allocated.) */
+void
+release_server_onion_keys(server_onion_keys_t *keys)
+{
+  if (! keys)
+    return;
+
+  crypto_pk_free(keys->onion_key);
+  crypto_pk_free(keys->last_onion_key);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  ntor_key_map_free(keys->curve25519_key_map);
+  tor_free(keys->junk_keypair);
+#endif
+  memset(keys, 0, sizeof(server_onion_keys_t));
+}
+
+/** Release whatever storage is held in <b>state</b>, depending on its
+ * type, and clear its pointer. */
+void
+onion_handshake_state_release(onion_handshake_state_t *state)
+{
+  switch (state->tag) {
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP:
+    crypto_dh_free(state->u.tap);
+    state->u.tap = NULL;
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST:
+    fast_handshake_state_free(state->u.fast);
+    state->u.fast = NULL;
+    break;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR:
+    ntor_handshake_state_free(state->u.ntor);
+    state->u.ntor = NULL;
+    break;
+#endif
+  default:
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "called with unknown handshake state type %d",
+             (int)state->tag);
+    tor_fragile_assert();
+  }
+}
+
+/** Perform the first step of a circuit-creation handshake of type <b>type</b>
+ * (one of ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_*): generate the initial "onion skin" in
+ * <b>onion_skin_out</b>, and store any state information in <b>state_out</b>.
+ * Return -1 on failure, and the length of the onionskin on acceptance.
  */
 int
-onion_skin_create(crypto_pk_t *dest_router_key,
-                  crypto_dh_t **handshake_state_out,
-                  char *onion_skin_out) /* ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN bytes */
+onion_skin_create(int type,
+                  const extend_info_t *node,
+                  onion_handshake_state_t *state_out,
+                  uint8_t *onion_skin_out)
 {
-  char challenge[DH_KEY_LEN];
-  crypto_dh_t *dh = NULL;
-  int dhbytes, pkbytes;
-
-  tor_assert(dest_router_key);
-  tor_assert(handshake_state_out);
-  tor_assert(onion_skin_out);
-  *handshake_state_out = NULL;
-  memset(onion_skin_out, 0, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  int r = -1;
 
-  if (!(dh = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_CIRCUIT)))
-    goto err;
+  switch (type) {
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP:
+    if (!node->onion_key)
+      return -1;
 
-  dhbytes = crypto_dh_get_bytes(dh);
-  pkbytes = (int) crypto_pk_keysize(dest_router_key);
-  tor_assert(dhbytes == 128);
-  tor_assert(pkbytes == 128);
+    if (onion_skin_TAP_create(node->onion_key,
+                              &state_out->u.tap,
+                              (char*)onion_skin_out) < 0)
+      return -1;
 
-  if (crypto_dh_get_public(dh, challenge, dhbytes))
-    goto err;
+    r = TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN;
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST:
+    if (fast_onionskin_create(&state_out->u.fast, onion_skin_out) < 0)
+      return -1;
 
-  note_crypto_pk_op(ENC_ONIONSKIN);
+    r = CREATE_FAST_LEN;
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR:
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+    if (tor_mem_is_zero((const char*)node->curve25519_onion_key.public_key,
+                        CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN))
+      return -1;
+    if (onion_skin_ntor_create((const uint8_t*)node->identity_digest,
+                               &node->curve25519_onion_key,
+                               &state_out->u.ntor,
+                               onion_skin_out) < 0)
+      return -1;
 
-  /* set meeting point, meeting cookie, etc here. Leave zero for now. */
-  if (crypto_pk_public_hybrid_encrypt(dest_router_key, onion_skin_out,
-                                      ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
-                                      challenge, DH_KEY_LEN,
-                                      PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 1)<0)
-    goto err;
+    r = NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN;
+#else
+    return -1;
+#endif
+    break;
+  default:
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "called with unknown handshake state type %d", type);
+    tor_fragile_assert();
+    r = -1;
+  }
 
-  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
-  *handshake_state_out = dh;
+  if (r > 0)
+    state_out->tag = (uint16_t) type;
 
-  return 0;
- err:
-  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
-  if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh);
-  return -1;
+  return r;
 }
 
-/** Given an encrypted DH public key as generated by onion_skin_create,
- * and the private key for this onion router, generate the reply (128-byte
- * DH plus the first 20 bytes of shared key material), and store the
- * next key_out_len bytes of key material in key_out.
+/** Perform the second (server-side) step of a circuit-creation handshake of
+ * type <b>type</b>, responding to the client request in <b>onion_skin</b>
+ * using the keys in <b>keys</b>.  On success, write our response into
+ * <b>reply_out</b>, generate <b>keys_out_len</b> bytes worth of key material
+ * in <b>keys_out_len</b>, a hidden service nonce to <b>rend_nonce_out</b>,
+ * and return the length of the reply. On failure, return -1.
  */
 int
-onion_skin_server_handshake(const char *onion_skin, /*ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN*/
-                            crypto_pk_t *private_key,
-                            crypto_pk_t *prev_private_key,
-                            char *handshake_reply_out, /*ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN*/
-                            char *key_out,
-                            size_t key_out_len)
+onion_skin_server_handshake(int type,
+                      const uint8_t *onion_skin, size_t onionskin_len,
+                      const server_onion_keys_t *keys,
+                      uint8_t *reply_out,
+                      uint8_t *keys_out, size_t keys_out_len,
+                      uint8_t *rend_nonce_out)
 {
-  char challenge[ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
-  crypto_dh_t *dh = NULL;
-  ssize_t len;
-  char *key_material=NULL;
-  size_t key_material_len=0;
-  int i;
-  crypto_pk_t *k;
+  int r = -1;
 
-  len = -1;
-  for (i=0;i<2;++i) {
-    k = i==0?private_key:prev_private_key;
-    if (!k)
-      break;
-    note_crypto_pk_op(DEC_ONIONSKIN);
-    len = crypto_pk_private_hybrid_decrypt(k, challenge,
-                                           ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
-                                           onion_skin, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
-                                           PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,0);
-    if (len>0)
-      break;
+  switch (type) {
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP:
+    if (onionskin_len != TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    if (onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake((const char*)onion_skin,
+                                        keys->onion_key, keys->last_onion_key,
+                                        (char*)reply_out,
+                                        (char*)keys_out, keys_out_len)<0)
+      return -1;
+    r = TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN;
+    memcpy(rend_nonce_out, reply_out+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST:
+    if (onionskin_len != CREATE_FAST_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    if (fast_server_handshake(onion_skin, reply_out, keys_out, keys_out_len)<0)
+      return -1;
+    r = CREATED_FAST_LEN;
+    memcpy(rend_nonce_out, reply_out+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR:
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+    if (onionskin_len < NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    {
+      size_t keys_tmp_len = keys_out_len + DIGEST_LEN;
+      uint8_t *keys_tmp = tor_malloc(keys_out_len + DIGEST_LEN);
+
+      if (onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(
+                                   onion_skin, keys->curve25519_key_map,
+                                   keys->junk_keypair,
+                                   keys->my_identity,
+                                   reply_out, keys_tmp, keys_tmp_len)<0) {
+        tor_free(keys_tmp);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      memcpy(keys_out, keys_tmp, keys_out_len);
+      memcpy(rend_nonce_out, keys_tmp+keys_out_len, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memwipe(keys_tmp, 0, keys_tmp_len);
+      tor_free(keys_tmp);
+      r = NTOR_REPLY_LEN;
+    }
+#else
+    return -1;
+#endif
+    break;
+  default:
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "called with unknown handshake state type %d", type);
+    tor_fragile_assert();
+    return -1;
   }
-  if (len<0) {
-    log_info(LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Couldn't decrypt onionskin: client may be using old onion key");
-    goto err;
-  } else if (len != DH_KEY_LEN) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Unexpected onionskin length after decryption: %ld",
-             (long)len);
-    goto err;
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Perform the final (client-side) step of a circuit-creation handshake of
+ * type <b>type</b>, using our state in <b>handshake_state</b> and the
+ * server's response in <b>reply</b>. On success, generate <b>keys_out_len</b>
+ * bytes worth of key material in <b>keys_out_len</b>, set
+ * <b>rend_authenticator_out</b> to the "KH" field that can be used to
+ * establish introduction points at this hop, and return 0. On failure,
+ * return -1. */
+int
+onion_skin_client_handshake(int type,
+                      const onion_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                      const uint8_t *reply, size_t reply_len,
+                      uint8_t *keys_out, size_t keys_out_len,
+                      uint8_t *rend_authenticator_out)
+{
+  if (handshake_state->tag != type)
+    return -1;
+
+  switch (type) {
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP:
+    if (reply_len != TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    if (onion_skin_TAP_client_handshake(handshake_state->u.tap,
+                                        (const char*)reply,
+                                        (char *)keys_out, keys_out_len) < 0)
+      return -1;
+
+    memcpy(rend_authenticator_out, reply+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+    return 0;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST:
+    if (reply_len != CREATED_FAST_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    if (fast_client_handshake(handshake_state->u.fast, reply,
+                              keys_out, keys_out_len) < 0)
+      return -1;
+
+    memcpy(rend_authenticator_out, reply+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN);
+    return 0;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR:
+    if (reply_len < NTOR_REPLY_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    {
+      size_t keys_tmp_len = keys_out_len + DIGEST_LEN;
+      uint8_t *keys_tmp = tor_malloc(keys_tmp_len);
+      if (onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(handshake_state->u.ntor,
+                                           reply,
+                                           keys_tmp, keys_tmp_len) < 0) {
+        tor_free(keys_tmp);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      memcpy(keys_out, keys_tmp, keys_out_len);
+      memcpy(rend_authenticator_out, keys_tmp + keys_out_len, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memwipe(keys_tmp, 0, keys_tmp_len);
+      tor_free(keys_tmp);
+    }
+    return 0;
+#endif
+  default:
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "called with unknown handshake state type %d", type);
+    tor_fragile_assert();
+    return -1;
   }
+}
 
-  dh = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_CIRCUIT);
-  if (!dh) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't allocate DH key");
-    goto err;
+/** Helper: return 0 if <b>cell</b> appears valid, -1 otherwise. If
+ * <b>unknown_ok</b> is true, allow cells with handshake types we don't
+ * recognize. */
+static int
+check_create_cell(const create_cell_t *cell, int unknown_ok)
+{
+  switch (cell->cell_type) {
+  case CELL_CREATE:
+    if (cell->handshake_type != ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP &&
+        cell->handshake_type != ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+    if (cell->handshake_type != ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATE2:
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
-  if (crypto_dh_get_public(dh, handshake_reply_out, DH_KEY_LEN)) {
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "crypto_dh_get_public failed.");
-    goto err;
+
+  switch (cell->handshake_type) {
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP:
+    if (cell->handshake_len != TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST:
+    if (cell->handshake_len != CREATE_FAST_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  case ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR:
+    if (cell->handshake_len != NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+#endif
+  default:
+    if (! unknown_ok)
+      return -1;
   }
 
-  key_material_len = DIGEST_LEN+key_out_len;
-  key_material = tor_malloc(key_material_len);
-  len = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, dh, challenge,
-                                 DH_KEY_LEN, key_material,
-                                 key_material_len);
-  if (len < 0) {
-    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "crypto_dh_compute_secret failed.");
-    goto err;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Write the various parameters into the create cell. Separate from
+ * create_cell_parse() to make unit testing easier.
+ */
+void
+create_cell_init(create_cell_t *cell_out, uint8_t cell_type,
+                 uint16_t handshake_type, uint16_t handshake_len,
+                 const uint8_t *onionskin)
+{
+  memset(cell_out, 0, sizeof(*cell_out));
+
+  cell_out->cell_type = cell_type;
+  cell_out->handshake_type = handshake_type;
+  cell_out->handshake_len = handshake_len;
+  memcpy(cell_out->onionskin, onionskin, handshake_len);
+}
+
+/** Helper: parse the CREATE2 payload at <b>p</b>, which could be up to
+ * <b>p_len</b> bytes long, and use it to fill the fields of
+ * <b>cell_out</b>. Return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
+ *
+ * Note that part of the body of an EXTEND2 cell is a CREATE2 payload, so
+ * this function is also used for parsing those.
+ */
+static int
+parse_create2_payload(create_cell_t *cell_out, const uint8_t *p, size_t p_len)
+{
+  uint16_t handshake_type, handshake_len;
+
+  if (p_len < 4)
+    return -1;
+
+  handshake_type = ntohs(get_uint16(p));
+  handshake_len = ntohs(get_uint16(p+2));
+
+  if (handshake_len > CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 4 || handshake_len > p_len - 4)
+    return -1;
+  if (handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST)
+    return -1;
+
+  create_cell_init(cell_out, CELL_CREATE2, handshake_type, handshake_len,
+                   p+4);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Magic string which, in a CREATE or EXTEND cell, indicates that a seeming
+ * TAP payload is really an ntor payload.  We'd do away with this if every
+ * relay supported EXTEND2, but we want to be able to extend from A to B with
+ * ntor even when A doesn't understand EXTEND2 and so can't generate a
+ * CREATE2 cell.
+ **/
+#define NTOR_CREATE_MAGIC "ntorNTORntorNTOR"
+
+/** Parse a CREATE, CREATE_FAST, or CREATE2 cell from <b>cell_in</b> into
+ * <b>cell_out</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. (We reject some
+ * syntactically valid CREATE2 cells that we can't generate or react to.) */
+int
+create_cell_parse(create_cell_t *cell_out, const cell_t *cell_in)
+{
+  switch (cell_in->command) {
+  case CELL_CREATE:
+    if (tor_memeq(cell_in->payload, NTOR_CREATE_MAGIC, 16)) {
+      create_cell_init(cell_out, CELL_CREATE, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR,
+                       NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN, cell_in->payload+16);
+    } else {
+      create_cell_init(cell_out, CELL_CREATE, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP,
+                       TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, cell_in->payload);
+    }
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+    create_cell_init(cell_out, CELL_CREATE_FAST, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST,
+                     CREATE_FAST_LEN, cell_in->payload);
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATE2:
+    if (parse_create2_payload(cell_out, cell_in->payload,
+                              CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE) < 0)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
 
-  /* send back H(K|0) as proof that we learned K. */
-  memcpy(handshake_reply_out+DH_KEY_LEN, key_material, DIGEST_LEN);
+  return check_create_cell(cell_out, 0);
+}
 
-  /* use the rest of the key material for our shared keys, digests, etc */
-  memcpy(key_out, key_material+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+/** Helper: return 0 if <b>cell</b> appears valid, -1 otherwise. */
+static int
+check_created_cell(const created_cell_t *cell)
+{
+  switch (cell->cell_type) {
+  case CELL_CREATED:
+    if (cell->handshake_len != TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN &&
+        cell->handshake_len != NTOR_REPLY_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATED_FAST:
+    if (cell->handshake_len != CREATED_FAST_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATED2:
+    if (cell->handshake_len > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE-2)
+      return -1;
+    break;
+  }
 
-  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
-  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
-  tor_free(key_material);
-  crypto_dh_free(dh);
   return 0;
- err:
-  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
-  if (key_material) {
-    memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
-    tor_free(key_material);
+}
+
+/** Parse a CREATED, CREATED_FAST, or CREATED2 cell from <b>cell_in</b> into
+ * <b>cell_out</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+created_cell_parse(created_cell_t *cell_out, const cell_t *cell_in)
+{
+  memset(cell_out, 0, sizeof(*cell_out));
+
+  switch (cell_in->command) {
+  case CELL_CREATED:
+    cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED;
+    cell_out->handshake_len = TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN;
+    memcpy(cell_out->reply, cell_in->payload, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATED_FAST:
+    cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED_FAST;
+    cell_out->handshake_len = CREATED_FAST_LEN;
+    memcpy(cell_out->reply, cell_in->payload, CREATED_FAST_LEN);
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATED2:
+    {
+      const uint8_t *p = cell_in->payload;
+      cell_out->cell_type = CELL_CREATED2;
+      cell_out->handshake_len = ntohs(get_uint16(p));
+      if (cell_out->handshake_len > CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 2)
+        return -1;
+      memcpy(cell_out->reply, p+2, cell_out->handshake_len);
+      break;
+    }
   }
-  if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh);
 
-  return -1;
+  return check_created_cell(cell_out);
 }
 
-/** Finish the client side of the DH handshake.
- * Given the 128 byte DH reply + 20 byte hash as generated by
- * onion_skin_server_handshake and the handshake state generated by
- * onion_skin_create, verify H(K) with the first 20 bytes of shared
- * key material, then generate key_out_len more bytes of shared key
- * material and store them in key_out.
- *
- * After the invocation, call crypto_dh_free on handshake_state.
+/** Helper: return 0 if <b>cell</b> appears valid, -1 otherwise. */
+static int
+check_extend_cell(const extend_cell_t *cell)
+{
+  if (tor_digest_is_zero((const char*)cell->node_id))
+    return -1;
+  /* We don't currently allow EXTEND2 cells without an IPv4 address */
+  if (tor_addr_family(&cell->orport_ipv4.addr) == AF_UNSPEC)
+    return -1;
+  if (cell->create_cell.cell_type == CELL_CREATE) {
+    if (cell->cell_type != RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND)
+      return -1;
+  } else if (cell->create_cell.cell_type == CELL_CREATE2) {
+    if (cell->cell_type != RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2 &&
+        cell->cell_type != RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND)
+      return -1;
+  } else {
+    /* In particular, no CREATE_FAST cells are allowed */
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (cell->create_cell.handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST)
+    return -1;
+
+  return check_create_cell(&cell->create_cell, 1);
+}
+
+/** Protocol constants for specifier types in EXTEND2
+ * @{
  */
+#define SPECTYPE_IPV4 0
+#define SPECTYPE_IPV6 1
+#define SPECTYPE_LEGACY_ID 2
+/** @} */
+
+/** Parse an EXTEND or EXTEND2 cell (according to <b>command</b>) from the
+ * <b>payload_length</b> bytes of <b>payload</b> into <b>cell_out</b>. Return
+ * 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
 int
-onion_skin_client_handshake(crypto_dh_t *handshake_state,
-            const char *handshake_reply, /* ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN bytes */
-            char *key_out,
-            size_t key_out_len)
+extend_cell_parse(extend_cell_t *cell_out, const uint8_t command,
+                  const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_length)
 {
-  ssize_t len;
-  char *key_material=NULL;
-  size_t key_material_len;
-  tor_assert(crypto_dh_get_bytes(handshake_state) == DH_KEY_LEN);
-
-  key_material_len = DIGEST_LEN + key_out_len;
-  key_material = tor_malloc(key_material_len);
-  len = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, handshake_state,
-                                 handshake_reply, DH_KEY_LEN, key_material,
-                                 key_material_len);
-  if (len < 0)
-    goto err;
-
-  if (tor_memneq(key_material, handshake_reply+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN)) {
-    /* H(K) does *not* match. Something fishy. */
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Digest DOES NOT MATCH on onion handshake. "
-             "Bug or attack.");
-    goto err;
+  const uint8_t *eop;
+
+  memset(cell_out, 0, sizeof(*cell_out));
+  if (payload_length > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
+    return -1;
+  eop = payload + payload_length;
+
+  switch (command) {
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND:
+    {
+      if (payload_length != 6 + TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN + DIGEST_LEN)
+        return -1;
+
+      cell_out->cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&cell_out->orport_ipv4.addr, get_uint32(payload));
+      cell_out->orport_ipv4.port = ntohs(get_uint16(payload+4));
+      tor_addr_make_unspec(&cell_out->orport_ipv6.addr);
+      if (tor_memeq(payload + 6, NTOR_CREATE_MAGIC, 16)) {
+        cell_out->create_cell.cell_type = CELL_CREATE2;
+        cell_out->create_cell.handshake_type = ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR;
+        cell_out->create_cell.handshake_len = NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN;
+        memcpy(cell_out->create_cell.onionskin, payload + 22,
+               NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+      } else {
+        cell_out->create_cell.cell_type = CELL_CREATE;
+        cell_out->create_cell.handshake_type = ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP;
+        cell_out->create_cell.handshake_len = TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN;
+        memcpy(cell_out->create_cell.onionskin, payload + 6,
+               TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+      }
+      memcpy(cell_out->node_id, payload + 6 + TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
+             DIGEST_LEN);
+      break;
+    }
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2:
+    {
+      uint8_t n_specs = *payload, spectype, speclen;
+      int i;
+      int found_ipv4 = 0, found_ipv6 = 0, found_id = 0;
+      tor_addr_make_unspec(&cell_out->orport_ipv4.addr);
+      tor_addr_make_unspec(&cell_out->orport_ipv6.addr);
+
+      cell_out->cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2;
+      ++payload;
+      /* Parse the specifiers. We'll only take the first IPv4 and first IPv6
+       * addres, and the node ID, and ignore everything else */
+      for (i = 0; i < n_specs; ++i) {
+        if (eop - payload < 2)
+          return -1;
+        spectype = payload[0];
+        speclen = payload[1];
+        payload += 2;
+        if (eop - payload < speclen)
+          return -1;
+        switch (spectype) {
+        case SPECTYPE_IPV4:
+          if (speclen != 6)
+            return -1;
+          if (!found_ipv4) {
+            tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&cell_out->orport_ipv4.addr,
+                                get_uint32(payload));
+            cell_out->orport_ipv4.port = ntohs(get_uint16(payload+4));
+            found_ipv4 = 1;
+          }
+          break;
+        case SPECTYPE_IPV6:
+          if (speclen != 18)
+            return -1;
+          if (!found_ipv6) {
+            tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&cell_out->orport_ipv6.addr,
+                                     (const char*)payload);
+            cell_out->orport_ipv6.port = ntohs(get_uint16(payload+16));
+            found_ipv6 = 1;
+          }
+          break;
+        case SPECTYPE_LEGACY_ID:
+          if (speclen != 20)
+            return -1;
+          if (found_id)
+            return -1;
+          memcpy(cell_out->node_id, payload, 20);
+          found_id = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        payload += speclen;
+      }
+      if (!found_id || !found_ipv4)
+        return -1;
+      if (parse_create2_payload(&cell_out->create_cell,payload,eop-payload)<0)
+        return -1;
+      break;
+    }
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
 
-  /* use the rest of the key material for our shared keys, digests, etc */
-  memcpy(key_out, key_material+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+  return check_extend_cell(cell_out);
+}
 
-  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
-  tor_free(key_material);
-  return 0;
- err:
-  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
-  tor_free(key_material);
-  return -1;
+/** Helper: return 0 if <b>cell</b> appears valid, -1 otherwise. */
+static int
+check_extended_cell(const extended_cell_t *cell)
+{
+  if (cell->created_cell.cell_type == CELL_CREATED) {
+    if (cell->cell_type != RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED)
+      return -1;
+  } else if (cell->created_cell.cell_type == CELL_CREATED2) {
+    if (cell->cell_type != RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2)
+      return -1;
+  } else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return check_created_cell(&cell->created_cell);
 }
 
-/** Implement the server side of the CREATE_FAST abbreviated handshake.  The
- * client has provided DIGEST_LEN key bytes in <b>key_in</b> ("x").  We
- * generate a reply of DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes in <b>key_out</b>, consisting of a
- * new random "y", followed by H(x|y) to check for correctness.  We set
- * <b>key_out_len</b> bytes of key material in <b>key_out</b>.
- * Return 0 on success, &lt;0 on failure.
- **/
+/** Parse an EXTENDED or EXTENDED2 cell (according to <b>command</b>) from the
+ * <b>payload_length</b> bytes of <b>payload</b> into <b>cell_out</b>. Return
+ * 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
 int
-fast_server_handshake(const uint8_t *key_in, /* DIGEST_LEN bytes */
-                      uint8_t *handshake_reply_out, /* DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes */
-                      uint8_t *key_out,
-                      size_t key_out_len)
+extended_cell_parse(extended_cell_t *cell_out,
+                    const uint8_t command, const uint8_t *payload,
+                    size_t payload_len)
 {
-  char tmp[DIGEST_LEN+DIGEST_LEN];
-  char *out = NULL;
-  size_t out_len;
-  int r = -1;
+  memset(cell_out, 0, sizeof(*cell_out));
+  if (payload_len > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
+    return -1;
+
+  switch (command) {
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED:
+    if (payload_len != TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN)
+      return -1;
+    cell_out->cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED;
+    cell_out->created_cell.cell_type = CELL_CREATED;
+    cell_out->created_cell.handshake_len = TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN;
+    memcpy(cell_out->created_cell.reply, payload, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+    break;
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2:
+    {
+      cell_out->cell_type = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2;
+      cell_out->created_cell.cell_type = CELL_CREATED2;
+      cell_out->created_cell.handshake_len = ntohs(get_uint16(payload));
+      if (cell_out->created_cell.handshake_len > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 2 ||
+          cell_out->created_cell.handshake_len > payload_len - 2)
+        return -1;
+      memcpy(cell_out->created_cell.reply, payload+2,
+             cell_out->created_cell.handshake_len);
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return check_extended_cell(cell_out);
+}
 
-  if (crypto_rand((char*)handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN)<0)
+/** Fill <b>cell_out</b> with a correctly formatted version of the
+ * CREATE{,_FAST,2} cell in <b>cell_in</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on
+ * failure.  This is a cell we didn't originate if <b>relayed</b> is true. */
+static int
+create_cell_format_impl(cell_t *cell_out, const create_cell_t *cell_in,
+                        int relayed)
+{
+  uint8_t *p;
+  size_t space;
+  if (check_create_cell(cell_in, relayed) < 0)
     return -1;
 
-  memcpy(tmp, key_in, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memcpy(tmp+DIGEST_LEN, handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN);
-  out_len = key_out_len+DIGEST_LEN;
-  out = tor_malloc(out_len);
-  if (crypto_expand_key_material(tmp, sizeof(tmp), out, out_len)) {
-    goto done;
+  memset(cell_out->payload, 0, sizeof(cell_out->payload));
+  cell_out->command = cell_in->cell_type;
+
+  p = cell_out->payload;
+  space = sizeof(cell_out->payload);
+
+  switch (cell_in->cell_type) {
+  case CELL_CREATE:
+    if (cell_in->handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR) {
+      memcpy(p, NTOR_CREATE_MAGIC, 16);
+      p += 16;
+      space -= 16;
+    }
+    /* Fall through */
+  case CELL_CREATE_FAST:
+    tor_assert(cell_in->handshake_len <= space);
+    memcpy(p, cell_in->onionskin, cell_in->handshake_len);
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATE2:
+    tor_assert(cell_in->handshake_len <= sizeof(cell_out->payload)-4);
+    set_uint16(cell_out->payload, htons(cell_in->handshake_type));
+    set_uint16(cell_out->payload+2, htons(cell_in->handshake_len));
+    memcpy(cell_out->payload + 4, cell_in->onionskin, cell_in->handshake_len);
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
-  memcpy(handshake_reply_out+DIGEST_LEN, out, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memcpy(key_out, out+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
-  r = 0;
- done:
-  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
-  memwipe(out, 0, out_len);
-  tor_free(out);
-  return r;
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
-/** Implement the second half of the client side of the CREATE_FAST handshake.
- * We sent the server <b>handshake_state</b> ("x") already, and the server
- * told us <b>handshake_reply_out</b> (y|H(x|y)).  Make sure that the hash is
- * correct, and generate key material in <b>key_out</b>.  Return 0 on success,
- * true on failure.
- *
- * NOTE: The "CREATE_FAST" handshake path is distinguishable from regular
- * "onionskin" handshakes, and is not secure if an adversary can see or modify
- * the messages.  Therefore, it should only be used by clients, and only as
- * the first hop of a circuit (since the first hop is already authenticated
- * and protected by TLS).
- */
 int
-fast_client_handshake(const uint8_t *handshake_state,/*DIGEST_LEN bytes*/
-                      const uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,/*DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes*/
-                      uint8_t *key_out,
-                      size_t key_out_len)
+create_cell_format(cell_t *cell_out, const create_cell_t *cell_in)
 {
-  char tmp[DIGEST_LEN+DIGEST_LEN];
-  char *out;
-  size_t out_len;
-  int r = -1;
+  return create_cell_format_impl(cell_out, cell_in, 0);
+}
+
+int
+create_cell_format_relayed(cell_t *cell_out, const create_cell_t *cell_in)
+{
+  return create_cell_format_impl(cell_out, cell_in, 1);
+}
 
-  memcpy(tmp, handshake_state, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memcpy(tmp+DIGEST_LEN, handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN);
-  out_len = key_out_len+DIGEST_LEN;
-  out = tor_malloc(out_len);
-  if (crypto_expand_key_material(tmp, sizeof(tmp), out, out_len)) {
-    goto done;
+/** Fill <b>cell_out</b> with a correctly formatted version of the
+ * CREATED{,_FAST,2} cell in <b>cell_in</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on
+ * failure. */
+int
+created_cell_format(cell_t *cell_out, const created_cell_t *cell_in)
+{
+  if (check_created_cell(cell_in) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  memset(cell_out->payload, 0, sizeof(cell_out->payload));
+  cell_out->command = cell_in->cell_type;
+
+  switch (cell_in->cell_type) {
+  case CELL_CREATED:
+  case CELL_CREATED_FAST:
+    tor_assert(cell_in->handshake_len <= sizeof(cell_out->payload));
+    memcpy(cell_out->payload, cell_in->reply, cell_in->handshake_len);
+    break;
+  case CELL_CREATED2:
+    tor_assert(cell_in->handshake_len <= sizeof(cell_out->payload)-2);
+    set_uint16(cell_out->payload, htons(cell_in->handshake_len));
+    memcpy(cell_out->payload + 2, cell_in->reply, cell_in->handshake_len);
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
-  if (tor_memneq(out, handshake_reply_out+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN)) {
-    /* H(K) does *not* match. Something fishy. */
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Digest DOES NOT MATCH on fast handshake. "
-             "Bug or attack.");
-    goto done;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Format the EXTEND{,2} cell in <b>cell_in</b>, storing its relay payload in
+ * <b>payload_out</b>, the number of bytes used in *<b>len_out</b>, and the
+ * relay command in *<b>command_out</b>. The <b>payload_out</b> must have
+ * RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE bytes available.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+extend_cell_format(uint8_t *command_out, uint16_t *len_out,
+                   uint8_t *payload_out, const extend_cell_t *cell_in)
+{
+  uint8_t *p, *eop;
+  if (check_extend_cell(cell_in) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  p = payload_out;
+  eop = payload_out + RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+
+  memset(p, 0, RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  switch (cell_in->cell_type) {
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND:
+    {
+      *command_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND;
+      *len_out = 6 + TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN + DIGEST_LEN;
+      set_uint32(p, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&cell_in->orport_ipv4.addr));
+      set_uint16(p+4, ntohs(cell_in->orport_ipv4.port));
+      if (cell_in->create_cell.handshake_type == ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR) {
+        memcpy(p+6, NTOR_CREATE_MAGIC, 16);
+        memcpy(p+22, cell_in->create_cell.onionskin, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+      } else {
+        memcpy(p+6, cell_in->create_cell.onionskin,
+               TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+      }
+      memcpy(p+6+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, cell_in->node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+    }
+    break;
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2:
+    {
+      uint8_t n = 2;
+      *command_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2;
+
+      *p++ = n; /* 2 identifiers */
+      *p++ = SPECTYPE_IPV4; /* First is IPV4. */
+      *p++ = 6; /* It's 6 bytes long. */
+      set_uint32(p, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&cell_in->orport_ipv4.addr));
+      set_uint16(p+4, htons(cell_in->orport_ipv4.port));
+      p += 6;
+      *p++ = SPECTYPE_LEGACY_ID; /* Next is an identity digest. */
+      *p++ = 20; /* It's 20 bytes long */
+      memcpy(p, cell_in->node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+      p += 20;
+
+      /* Now we can send the handshake */
+      set_uint16(p, htons(cell_in->create_cell.handshake_type));
+      set_uint16(p+2, htons(cell_in->create_cell.handshake_len));
+      p += 4;
+
+      if (cell_in->create_cell.handshake_len > eop - p)
+        return -1;
+
+      memcpy(p, cell_in->create_cell.onionskin,
+             cell_in->create_cell.handshake_len);
+
+      p += cell_in->create_cell.handshake_len;
+      *len_out = p - payload_out;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
-  memcpy(key_out, out+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
-  r = 0;
- done:
-  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
-  memwipe(out, 0, out_len);
-  tor_free(out);
-  return r;
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
-/** Remove all circuits from the pending list.  Called from tor_free_all. */
-void
-clear_pending_onions(void)
+/** Format the EXTENDED{,2} cell in <b>cell_in</b>, storing its relay payload
+ * in <b>payload_out</b>, the number of bytes used in *<b>len_out</b>, and the
+ * relay command in *<b>command_out</b>. The <b>payload_out</b> must have
+ * RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE bytes available.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+extended_cell_format(uint8_t *command_out, uint16_t *len_out,
+                     uint8_t *payload_out, const extended_cell_t *cell_in)
 {
-  while (ol_list) {
-    onion_queue_t *victim = ol_list;
-    ol_list = victim->next;
-    tor_free(victim->onionskin);
-    tor_free(victim);
+  uint8_t *p;
+  if (check_extended_cell(cell_in) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  p = payload_out;
+  memset(p, 0, RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  switch (cell_in->cell_type) {
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED:
+    {
+      *command_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED;
+      *len_out = TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN;
+      memcpy(payload_out, cell_in->created_cell.reply,
+             TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+    }
+    break;
+  case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2:
+    {
+      *command_out = RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2;
+      *len_out = 2 + cell_in->created_cell.handshake_len;
+      set_uint16(payload_out, htons(cell_in->created_cell.handshake_len));
+      if (2+cell_in->created_cell.handshake_len > RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
+        return -1;
+      memcpy(payload_out+2, cell_in->created_cell.reply,
+             cell_in->created_cell.handshake_len);
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    return -1;
   }
-  ol_list = ol_tail = NULL;
-  ol_length = 0;
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/onion.h b/src/or/onion.h
index 7e0f873c73..d62f032b87 100644
--- a/src/or/onion.h
+++ b/src/or/onion.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,40 +9,114 @@
  * \brief Header file for onion.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_ONION_H
-#define _TOR_ONION_H
+#ifndef TOR_ONION_H
+#define TOR_ONION_H
 
-int onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, char *onionskin);
-or_circuit_t *onion_next_task(char **onionskin_out);
+struct create_cell_t;
+int onion_pending_add(or_circuit_t *circ, struct create_cell_t *onionskin);
+or_circuit_t *onion_next_task(struct create_cell_t **onionskin_out);
+int onion_num_pending(uint16_t handshake_type);
 void onion_pending_remove(or_circuit_t *circ);
+void clear_pending_onions(void);
+
+typedef struct server_onion_keys_t {
+  uint8_t my_identity[DIGEST_LEN];
+  crypto_pk_t *onion_key;
+  crypto_pk_t *last_onion_key;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  di_digest256_map_t *curve25519_key_map;
+  curve25519_keypair_t *junk_keypair;
+#endif
+} server_onion_keys_t;
 
-int onion_skin_create(crypto_pk_t *router_key,
-                      crypto_dh_t **handshake_state_out,
-                      char *onion_skin_out);
+#define MAX_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN 255
+#define MAX_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN 255
 
-int onion_skin_server_handshake(const char *onion_skin,
-                                crypto_pk_t *private_key,
-                                crypto_pk_t *prev_private_key,
-                                char *handshake_reply_out,
-                                char *key_out,
-                                size_t key_out_len);
+void setup_server_onion_keys(server_onion_keys_t *keys);
+void release_server_onion_keys(server_onion_keys_t *keys);
 
-int onion_skin_client_handshake(crypto_dh_t *handshake_state,
-                                const char *handshake_reply,
-                                char *key_out,
-                                size_t key_out_len);
+void onion_handshake_state_release(onion_handshake_state_t *state);
 
-int fast_server_handshake(const uint8_t *key_in,
-                          uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
-                          uint8_t *key_out,
-                          size_t key_out_len);
+int onion_skin_create(int type,
+                      const extend_info_t *node,
+                      onion_handshake_state_t *state_out,
+                      uint8_t *onion_skin_out);
+int onion_skin_server_handshake(int type,
+                      const uint8_t *onion_skin, size_t onionskin_len,
+                      const server_onion_keys_t *keys,
+                      uint8_t *reply_out,
+                      uint8_t *keys_out, size_t key_out_len,
+                      uint8_t *rend_nonce_out);
+int onion_skin_client_handshake(int type,
+                      const onion_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                      const uint8_t *reply, size_t reply_len,
+                      uint8_t *keys_out, size_t key_out_len,
+                      uint8_t *rend_authenticator_out);
 
-int fast_client_handshake(const uint8_t *handshake_state,
-                          const uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
-                          uint8_t *key_out,
-                          size_t key_out_len);
+/** A parsed CREATE, CREATE_FAST, or CREATE2 cell. */
+typedef struct create_cell_t {
+  /** The cell command. One of CREATE{,_FAST,2} */
+  uint8_t cell_type;
+  /** One of the ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_* values */
+  uint16_t handshake_type;
+  /** The number of bytes used in <b>onionskin</b>. */
+  uint16_t handshake_len;
+  /** The client-side message for the circuit creation handshake. */
+  uint8_t onionskin[CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 4];
+} create_cell_t;
 
-void clear_pending_onions(void);
+/** A parsed CREATED, CREATED_FAST, or CREATED2 cell. */
+typedef struct created_cell_t {
+  /** The cell command. One of CREATED{,_FAST,2} */
+  uint8_t cell_type;
+  /** The number of bytes used in <b>reply</b>. */
+  uint16_t handshake_len;
+  /** The server-side message for the circuit creation handshake. */
+  uint8_t reply[CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE - 2];
+} created_cell_t;
+
+/** A parsed RELAY_EXTEND or RELAY_EXTEND2 cell */
+typedef struct extend_cell_t {
+  /** One of RELAY_EXTEND or RELAY_EXTEND2 */
+  uint8_t cell_type;
+  /** An IPv4 address and port for the node we're connecting to. */
+  tor_addr_port_t orport_ipv4;
+  /** An IPv6 address and port for the node we're connecting to. Not currently
+   * used. */
+  tor_addr_port_t orport_ipv6;
+  /** Identity fingerprint of the node we're conecting to.*/
+  uint8_t node_id[DIGEST_LEN];
+  /** The "create cell" embedded in this extend cell. Note that unlike the
+   * create cells we generate ourself, this once can have a handshake type we
+   * don't recognize. */
+  create_cell_t create_cell;
+} extend_cell_t;
+
+/** A parsed RELAY_EXTEND or RELAY_EXTEND2 cell */
+typedef struct extended_cell_t {
+  /** One of RELAY_EXTENDED or RELAY_EXTENDED2. */
+  uint8_t cell_type;
+  /** The "created cell" embedded in this extended cell. */
+  created_cell_t created_cell;
+} extended_cell_t;
+
+void create_cell_init(create_cell_t *cell_out, uint8_t cell_type,
+                      uint16_t handshake_type, uint16_t handshake_len,
+                      const uint8_t *onionskin);
+int create_cell_parse(create_cell_t *cell_out, const cell_t *cell_in);
+int created_cell_parse(created_cell_t *cell_out, const cell_t *cell_in);
+int extend_cell_parse(extend_cell_t *cell_out, const uint8_t command,
+                      const uint8_t *payload_in, size_t payload_len);
+int extended_cell_parse(extended_cell_t *cell_out, const uint8_t command,
+                        const uint8_t *payload_in, size_t payload_len);
+
+int create_cell_format(cell_t *cell_out, const create_cell_t *cell_in);
+int create_cell_format_relayed(cell_t *cell_out, const create_cell_t *cell_in);
+int created_cell_format(cell_t *cell_out, const created_cell_t *cell_in);
+int extend_cell_format(uint8_t *command_out, uint16_t *len_out,
+                       uint8_t *payload_out, const extend_cell_t *cell_in);
+int extended_cell_format(uint8_t *command_out, uint16_t *len_out,
+                         uint8_t *payload_out, const extended_cell_t *cell_in);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/onion_fast.c b/src/or/onion_fast.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa034a8bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_fast.c
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file onion_fast.c
+ * \brief Functions implement the CREATE_FAST circuit handshake.
+ **/
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "onion_fast.h"
+
+/** Release all state held in <b>victim</b>. */
+void
+fast_handshake_state_free(fast_handshake_state_t *victim)
+{
+  if (! victim)
+    return;
+  memwipe(victim, 0, sizeof(fast_handshake_state_t));
+  tor_free(victim);
+}
+
+/** Create the state needed to perform a CREATE_FAST hasnshake. Return 0
+ * on success, -1 on failure. */
+int
+fast_onionskin_create(fast_handshake_state_t **handshake_state_out,
+                      uint8_t *handshake_out)
+{
+  fast_handshake_state_t *s;
+  *handshake_state_out = s = tor_malloc(sizeof(fast_handshake_state_t));
+  if (crypto_rand((char*)s->state, sizeof(s->state)) < 0) {
+    tor_free(s);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  memcpy(handshake_out, s->state, DIGEST_LEN);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Implement the server side of the CREATE_FAST abbreviated handshake.  The
+ * client has provided DIGEST_LEN key bytes in <b>key_in</b> ("x").  We
+ * generate a reply of DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes in <b>key_out</b>, consisting of a
+ * new random "y", followed by H(x|y) to check for correctness.  We set
+ * <b>key_out_len</b> bytes of key material in <b>key_out</b>.
+ * Return 0 on success, &lt;0 on failure.
+ **/
+int
+fast_server_handshake(const uint8_t *key_in, /* DIGEST_LEN bytes */
+                      uint8_t *handshake_reply_out, /* DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes */
+                      uint8_t *key_out,
+                      size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  uint8_t tmp[DIGEST_LEN+DIGEST_LEN];
+  uint8_t *out = NULL;
+  size_t out_len;
+  int r = -1;
+
+  if (crypto_rand((char*)handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN)<0)
+    return -1;
+
+  memcpy(tmp, key_in, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(tmp+DIGEST_LEN, handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN);
+  out_len = key_out_len+DIGEST_LEN;
+  out = tor_malloc(out_len);
+  if (crypto_expand_key_material_TAP(tmp, sizeof(tmp), out, out_len)) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+  memcpy(handshake_reply_out+DIGEST_LEN, out, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(key_out, out+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+  r = 0;
+ done:
+  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
+  memwipe(out, 0, out_len);
+  tor_free(out);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Implement the second half of the client side of the CREATE_FAST handshake.
+ * We sent the server <b>handshake_state</b> ("x") already, and the server
+ * told us <b>handshake_reply_out</b> (y|H(x|y)).  Make sure that the hash is
+ * correct, and generate key material in <b>key_out</b>.  Return 0 on success,
+ * true on failure.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The "CREATE_FAST" handshake path is distinguishable from regular
+ * "onionskin" handshakes, and is not secure if an adversary can see or modify
+ * the messages.  Therefore, it should only be used by clients, and only as
+ * the first hop of a circuit (since the first hop is already authenticated
+ * and protected by TLS).
+ */
+int
+fast_client_handshake(const fast_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                      const uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,/*DIGEST_LEN*2 bytes*/
+                      uint8_t *key_out,
+                      size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  uint8_t tmp[DIGEST_LEN+DIGEST_LEN];
+  uint8_t *out;
+  size_t out_len;
+  int r = -1;
+
+  memcpy(tmp, handshake_state->state, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(tmp+DIGEST_LEN, handshake_reply_out, DIGEST_LEN);
+  out_len = key_out_len+DIGEST_LEN;
+  out = tor_malloc(out_len);
+  if (crypto_expand_key_material_TAP(tmp, sizeof(tmp), out, out_len)) {
+    goto done;
+  }
+  if (tor_memneq(out, handshake_reply_out+DIGEST_LEN, DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /* H(K) does *not* match. Something fishy. */
+    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Digest DOES NOT MATCH on fast handshake. "
+             "Bug or attack.");
+    goto done;
+  }
+  memcpy(key_out, out+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+  r = 0;
+ done:
+  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
+  memwipe(out, 0, out_len);
+  tor_free(out);
+  return r;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/onion_fast.h b/src/or/onion_fast.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c078378d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_fast.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file onion_fast.h
+ * \brief Header file for onion_fast.c.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_ONION_FAST_H
+#define TOR_ONION_FAST_H
+
+#define CREATE_FAST_LEN DIGEST_LEN
+#define CREATED_FAST_LEN (DIGEST_LEN*2)
+
+typedef struct fast_handshake_state_t {
+  uint8_t state[DIGEST_LEN];
+} fast_handshake_state_t;
+
+void fast_handshake_state_free(fast_handshake_state_t *victim);
+
+int fast_onionskin_create(fast_handshake_state_t **handshake_state_out,
+                          uint8_t *handshake_out);
+
+int fast_server_handshake(const uint8_t *message_in,
+                          uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
+                          uint8_t *key_out,
+                          size_t key_out_len);
+
+int fast_client_handshake(const fast_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                          const uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
+                          uint8_t *key_out,
+                          size_t key_out_len);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/onion_ntor.c b/src/or/onion_ntor.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cf7d5dd6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_ntor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+
+#include "crypto.h"
+#define ONION_NTOR_PRIVATE
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
+#include "torlog.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+/** Free storage held in an ntor handshake state. */
+void
+ntor_handshake_state_free(ntor_handshake_state_t *state)
+{
+  if (!state)
+    return;
+  memwipe(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+  tor_free(state);
+}
+
+/** Convenience function to represent HMAC_SHA256 as our instantiation of
+ * ntor's "tweaked hash'.  Hash the <b>inp_len</b> bytes at <b>inp</b> into
+ * a DIGEST256_LEN-byte digest at <b>out</b>, with the hash changing
+ * depending on the value of <b>tweak</b>. */
+static void
+h_tweak(uint8_t *out,
+        const uint8_t *inp, size_t inp_len,
+        const char *tweak)
+{
+  size_t tweak_len = strlen(tweak);
+  crypto_hmac_sha256((char*)out, tweak, tweak_len, (const char*)inp, inp_len);
+}
+
+/** Wrapper around a set of tweak-values for use with the ntor handshake. */
+typedef struct tweakset_t {
+  const char *t_mac;
+  const char *t_key;
+  const char *t_verify;
+  const char *m_expand;
+} tweakset_t;
+
+/** The tweaks to be used with our handshake. */
+const tweakset_t proto1_tweaks = {
+#define PROTOID "ntor-curve25519-sha256-1"
+#define PROTOID_LEN 24
+  PROTOID ":mac",
+  PROTOID ":key_extract",
+  PROTOID ":verify",
+  PROTOID ":key_expand"
+};
+
+/** Convenience macro: copy <b>len</b> bytes from <b>inp</b> to <b>ptr</b>,
+ * and advance <b>ptr</b> by the number of bytes copied. */
+#define APPEND(ptr, inp, len)                   \
+  STMT_BEGIN {                                  \
+    memcpy(ptr, (inp), (len));                  \
+    ptr += len;                                 \
+  } STMT_END
+
+/**
+ * Compute the first client-side step of the ntor handshake for communicating
+ * with a server whose DIGEST_LEN-byte server identity is <b>router_id</b>,
+ * and whose onion key is <b>router_key</b>. Store the NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN-byte
+ * message in <b>onion_skin_out</b>, and store the handshake state in
+ * *<b>handshake_state_out</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_ntor_create(const uint8_t *router_id,
+                       const curve25519_public_key_t *router_key,
+                       ntor_handshake_state_t **handshake_state_out,
+                       uint8_t *onion_skin_out)
+{
+  ntor_handshake_state_t *state;
+  uint8_t *op;
+
+  state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(ntor_handshake_state_t));
+
+  memcpy(state->router_id, router_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(&state->pubkey_B, router_key, sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+  if (curve25519_secret_key_generate(&state->seckey_x, 0) < 0) {
+    tor_free(state);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&state->pubkey_X, &state->seckey_x);
+
+  op = onion_skin_out;
+  APPEND(op, router_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  APPEND(op, router_key->public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(op, state->pubkey_X.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  tor_assert(op == onion_skin_out + NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+
+  *handshake_state_out = state;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define SERVER_STR "Server"
+#define SERVER_STR_LEN 6
+
+#define SECRET_INPUT_LEN (CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN * 3 +   \
+                          CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN * 2 +   \
+                          DIGEST_LEN + PROTOID_LEN)
+#define AUTH_INPUT_LEN (DIGEST256_LEN + DIGEST_LEN +    \
+                        CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN*3 +       \
+                        PROTOID_LEN + SERVER_STR_LEN)
+
+/**
+ * Perform the server side of an ntor handshake. Given an
+ * NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN-byte message in <b>onion_skin</b>, our own identity
+ * fingerprint as <b>my_node_id</b>, and an associative array mapping public
+ * onion keys to curve25519_keypair_t in <b>private_keys</b>, attempt to
+ * perform the handshake.  Use <b>junk_keys</b> if present if the handshake
+ * indicates an unrecognized public key.  Write an NTOR_REPLY_LEN-byte
+ * message to send back to the client into <b>handshake_reply_out</b>, and
+ * generate <b>key_out_len</b> bytes of key material in <b>key_out</b>. Return
+ * 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(const uint8_t *onion_skin,
+                                 const di_digest256_map_t *private_keys,
+                                 const curve25519_keypair_t *junk_keys,
+                                 const uint8_t *my_node_id,
+                                 uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
+                                 uint8_t *key_out,
+                                 size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  const tweakset_t *T = &proto1_tweaks;
+  /* Sensitive stack-allocated material. Kept in an anonymous struct to make
+   * it easy to wipe. */
+  struct {
+    uint8_t secret_input[SECRET_INPUT_LEN];
+    uint8_t auth_input[AUTH_INPUT_LEN];
+    curve25519_public_key_t pubkey_X;
+    curve25519_secret_key_t seckey_y;
+    curve25519_public_key_t pubkey_Y;
+    uint8_t verify[DIGEST256_LEN];
+  } s;
+  uint8_t *si = s.secret_input, *ai = s.auth_input;
+  const curve25519_keypair_t *keypair_bB;
+  int bad;
+
+  /* Decode the onion skin */
+  /* XXXX Does this possible early-return business threaten our security? */
+  if (tor_memneq(onion_skin, my_node_id, DIGEST_LEN))
+    return -1;
+  /* Note that on key-not-found, we go through with this operation anyway,
+   * using "junk_keys". This will result in failed authentication, but won't
+   * leak whether we recognized the key. */
+  keypair_bB = dimap_search(private_keys, onion_skin + DIGEST_LEN,
+                            (void*)junk_keys);
+  if (!keypair_bB)
+    return -1;
+
+  memcpy(s.pubkey_X.public_key, onion_skin+DIGEST_LEN+DIGEST256_LEN,
+         CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+
+  /* Make y, Y */
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&s.seckey_y, 0);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&s.pubkey_Y, &s.seckey_y);
+
+  /* NOTE: If we ever use a group other than curve25519, or a different
+   * representation for its points, we may need to perform different or
+   * additional checks on X here and on Y in the client handshake, or lose our
+   * security properties. What checks we need would depend on the properties
+   * of the group and its representation.
+   *
+   * In short: if you use anything other than curve25519, this aspect of the
+   * code will need to be reconsidered carefully. */
+
+  /* build secret_input */
+  curve25519_handshake(si, &s.seckey_y, &s.pubkey_X);
+  bad = safe_mem_is_zero(si, CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN);
+  si += CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN;
+  curve25519_handshake(si, &keypair_bB->seckey, &s.pubkey_X);
+  bad |= safe_mem_is_zero(si, CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN);
+  si += CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN;
+
+  APPEND(si, my_node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, keypair_bB->pubkey.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, s.pubkey_X.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, s.pubkey_Y.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, PROTOID, PROTOID_LEN);
+  tor_assert(si == s.secret_input + sizeof(s.secret_input));
+
+  /* Compute hashes of secret_input */
+  h_tweak(s.verify, s.secret_input, sizeof(s.secret_input), T->t_verify);
+
+  /* Compute auth_input */
+  APPEND(ai, s.verify, DIGEST256_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, my_node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, keypair_bB->pubkey.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, s.pubkey_Y.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, s.pubkey_X.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, PROTOID, PROTOID_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, SERVER_STR, SERVER_STR_LEN);
+  tor_assert(ai == s.auth_input + sizeof(s.auth_input));
+
+  /* Build the reply */
+  memcpy(handshake_reply_out, s.pubkey_Y.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  h_tweak(handshake_reply_out+CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN,
+          s.auth_input, sizeof(s.auth_input),
+          T->t_mac);
+
+  /* Generate the key material */
+  crypto_expand_key_material_rfc5869_sha256(
+                           s.secret_input, sizeof(s.secret_input),
+                           (const uint8_t*)T->t_key, strlen(T->t_key),
+                           (const uint8_t*)T->m_expand, strlen(T->m_expand),
+                           key_out, key_out_len);
+
+  /* Wipe all of our local state */
+  memwipe(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+
+  return bad ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Perform the final client side of the ntor handshake, using the state in
+ * <b>handshake_state</b> and the server's NTOR_REPLY_LEN-byte reply in
+ * <b>handshake_reply</b>.  Generate <b>key_out_len</b> bytes of key material
+ * in <b>key_out</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(
+                             const ntor_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                             const uint8_t *handshake_reply,
+                             uint8_t *key_out,
+                             size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  const tweakset_t *T = &proto1_tweaks;
+  /* Sensitive stack-allocated material. Kept in an anonymous struct to make
+   * it easy to wipe. */
+  struct {
+    curve25519_public_key_t pubkey_Y;
+    uint8_t secret_input[SECRET_INPUT_LEN];
+    uint8_t verify[DIGEST256_LEN];
+    uint8_t auth_input[AUTH_INPUT_LEN];
+    uint8_t auth[DIGEST256_LEN];
+  } s;
+  uint8_t *ai = s.auth_input, *si = s.secret_input;
+  const uint8_t *auth_candidate;
+  int bad;
+
+  /* Decode input */
+  memcpy(s.pubkey_Y.public_key, handshake_reply, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  auth_candidate = handshake_reply + CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN;
+
+  /* See note in server_handshake above about checking points.  The
+   * circumstances under which we'd need to check Y for membership are
+   * different than those under which we'd be checking X. */
+
+  /* Compute secret_input */
+  curve25519_handshake(si, &handshake_state->seckey_x, &s.pubkey_Y);
+  bad = safe_mem_is_zero(si, CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN);
+  si += CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN;
+  curve25519_handshake(si, &handshake_state->seckey_x,
+                       &handshake_state->pubkey_B);
+  bad |= safe_mem_is_zero(si, CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN);
+  si += CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN;
+  APPEND(si, handshake_state->router_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, handshake_state->pubkey_B.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, handshake_state->pubkey_X.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, s.pubkey_Y.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(si, PROTOID, PROTOID_LEN);
+  tor_assert(si == s.secret_input + sizeof(s.secret_input));
+
+  /* Compute verify from secret_input */
+  h_tweak(s.verify, s.secret_input, sizeof(s.secret_input), T->t_verify);
+
+  /* Compute auth_input */
+  APPEND(ai, s.verify, DIGEST256_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, handshake_state->router_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, handshake_state->pubkey_B.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, s.pubkey_Y.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, handshake_state->pubkey_X.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, PROTOID, PROTOID_LEN);
+  APPEND(ai, SERVER_STR, SERVER_STR_LEN);
+  tor_assert(ai == s.auth_input + sizeof(s.auth_input));
+
+  /* Compute auth */
+  h_tweak(s.auth, s.auth_input, sizeof(s.auth_input), T->t_mac);
+
+  bad |= tor_memneq(s.auth, auth_candidate, DIGEST256_LEN);
+
+  crypto_expand_key_material_rfc5869_sha256(
+                           s.secret_input, sizeof(s.secret_input),
+                           (const uint8_t*)T->t_key, strlen(T->t_key),
+                           (const uint8_t*)T->m_expand, strlen(T->m_expand),
+                           key_out, key_out_len);
+
+  memwipe(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+  return bad ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/onion_ntor.h b/src/or/onion_ntor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c942e6e0f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_ntor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#ifndef TOR_ONION_NTOR_H
+#define TOR_ONION_NTOR_H
+
+#include "torint.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#include "di_ops.h"
+
+/** State to be maintained by a client between sending an ntor onionskin
+ * and receiving a reply. */
+typedef struct ntor_handshake_state_t ntor_handshake_state_t;
+
+/** Length of an ntor onionskin, as sent from the client to server. */
+#define NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN 84
+/** Length of an ntor reply, as sent from server to client. */
+#define NTOR_REPLY_LEN 64
+
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+void ntor_handshake_state_free(ntor_handshake_state_t *state);
+
+int onion_skin_ntor_create(const uint8_t *router_id,
+                           const curve25519_public_key_t *router_key,
+                           ntor_handshake_state_t **handshake_state_out,
+                           uint8_t *onion_skin_out);
+
+int onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(const uint8_t *onion_skin,
+                                 const di_digest256_map_t *private_keys,
+                                 const curve25519_keypair_t *junk_keypair,
+                                 const uint8_t *my_node_id,
+                                 uint8_t *handshake_reply_out,
+                                 uint8_t *key_out,
+                                 size_t key_out_len);
+
+int onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(
+                             const ntor_handshake_state_t *handshake_state,
+                             const uint8_t *handshake_reply,
+                             uint8_t *key_out,
+                             size_t key_out_len);
+
+#ifdef ONION_NTOR_PRIVATE
+
+/** Storage held by a client while waiting for an ntor reply from a server. */
+struct ntor_handshake_state_t {
+  /** Identity digest of the router we're talking to. */
+  uint8_t router_id[DIGEST_LEN];
+  /** Onion key of the router we're talking to. */
+  curve25519_public_key_t pubkey_B;
+
+  /**
+   * Short-lived keypair for use with this handshake.
+   * @{ */
+  curve25519_secret_key_t seckey_x;
+  curve25519_public_key_t pubkey_X;
+  /** @} */
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/onion_tap.c b/src/or/onion_tap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3782e75abf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_tap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file onion_tap.c
+ * \brief Functions to implement the original Tor circuit extension handshake
+ * (a.k.a TAP).
+ *
+ * We didn't call it "TAP" ourselves -- Ian Goldberg named it in "On the
+ * Security of the Tor Authentication Protocol".  (Spoiler: it's secure, but
+ * its security is kind of fragile and implementation dependent.  Never modify
+ * this implementation without reading and understanding that paper at least.)
+ **/
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/** Given a router's 128 byte public key,
+ * stores the following in onion_skin_out:
+ *   - [42 bytes] OAEP padding
+ *   - [16 bytes] Symmetric key for encrypting blob past RSA
+ *   - [70 bytes] g^x part 1 (inside the RSA)
+ *   - [58 bytes] g^x part 2 (symmetrically encrypted)
+ *
+ * Stores the DH private key into handshake_state_out for later completion
+ * of the handshake.
+ *
+ * The meeting point/cookies and auth are zeroed out for now.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_TAP_create(crypto_pk_t *dest_router_key,
+                  crypto_dh_t **handshake_state_out,
+                  char *onion_skin_out) /* TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN bytes */
+{
+  char challenge[DH_KEY_LEN];
+  crypto_dh_t *dh = NULL;
+  int dhbytes, pkbytes;
+
+  tor_assert(dest_router_key);
+  tor_assert(handshake_state_out);
+  tor_assert(onion_skin_out);
+  *handshake_state_out = NULL;
+  memset(onion_skin_out, 0, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+
+  if (!(dh = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_CIRCUIT)))
+    goto err;
+
+  dhbytes = crypto_dh_get_bytes(dh);
+  pkbytes = (int) crypto_pk_keysize(dest_router_key);
+  tor_assert(dhbytes == 128);
+  tor_assert(pkbytes == 128);
+
+  if (crypto_dh_get_public(dh, challenge, dhbytes))
+    goto err;
+
+  note_crypto_pk_op(ENC_ONIONSKIN);
+
+  /* set meeting point, meeting cookie, etc here. Leave zero for now. */
+  if (crypto_pk_public_hybrid_encrypt(dest_router_key, onion_skin_out,
+                                      TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
+                                      challenge, DH_KEY_LEN,
+                                      PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 1)<0)
+    goto err;
+
+  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
+  *handshake_state_out = dh;
+
+  return 0;
+ err:
+  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
+  if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/** Given an encrypted DH public key as generated by onion_skin_create,
+ * and the private key for this onion router, generate the reply (128-byte
+ * DH plus the first 20 bytes of shared key material), and store the
+ * next key_out_len bytes of key material in key_out.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake(
+                            /*TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN*/
+                            const char *onion_skin,
+                            crypto_pk_t *private_key,
+                            crypto_pk_t *prev_private_key,
+                            /*TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN*/
+                            char *handshake_reply_out,
+                            char *key_out,
+                            size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  char challenge[TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
+  crypto_dh_t *dh = NULL;
+  ssize_t len;
+  char *key_material=NULL;
+  size_t key_material_len=0;
+  int i;
+  crypto_pk_t *k;
+
+  len = -1;
+  for (i=0;i<2;++i) {
+    k = i==0?private_key:prev_private_key;
+    if (!k)
+      break;
+    note_crypto_pk_op(DEC_ONIONSKIN);
+    len = crypto_pk_private_hybrid_decrypt(k, challenge,
+                                           TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
+                                           onion_skin,
+                                           TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN,
+                                           PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,0);
+    if (len>0)
+      break;
+  }
+  if (len<0) {
+    log_info(LD_PROTOCOL,
+             "Couldn't decrypt onionskin: client may be using old onion key");
+    goto err;
+  } else if (len != DH_KEY_LEN) {
+    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Unexpected onionskin length after decryption: %ld",
+             (long)len);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  dh = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_CIRCUIT);
+  if (!dh) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't allocate DH key");
+    goto err;
+  }
+  if (crypto_dh_get_public(dh, handshake_reply_out, DH_KEY_LEN)) {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "crypto_dh_get_public failed.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  key_material_len = DIGEST_LEN+key_out_len;
+  key_material = tor_malloc(key_material_len);
+  len = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, dh, challenge,
+                                 DH_KEY_LEN, key_material,
+                                 key_material_len);
+  if (len < 0) {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "crypto_dh_compute_secret failed.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* send back H(K|0) as proof that we learned K. */
+  memcpy(handshake_reply_out+DH_KEY_LEN, key_material, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  /* use the rest of the key material for our shared keys, digests, etc */
+  memcpy(key_out, key_material+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+
+  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
+  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
+  tor_free(key_material);
+  crypto_dh_free(dh);
+  return 0;
+ err:
+  memwipe(challenge, 0, sizeof(challenge));
+  if (key_material) {
+    memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
+    tor_free(key_material);
+  }
+  if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh);
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/** Finish the client side of the DH handshake.
+ * Given the 128 byte DH reply + 20 byte hash as generated by
+ * onion_skin_server_handshake and the handshake state generated by
+ * onion_skin_create, verify H(K) with the first 20 bytes of shared
+ * key material, then generate key_out_len more bytes of shared key
+ * material and store them in key_out.
+ *
+ * After the invocation, call crypto_dh_free on handshake_state.
+ */
+int
+onion_skin_TAP_client_handshake(crypto_dh_t *handshake_state,
+            const char *handshake_reply, /* TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN bytes */
+            char *key_out,
+            size_t key_out_len)
+{
+  ssize_t len;
+  char *key_material=NULL;
+  size_t key_material_len;
+  tor_assert(crypto_dh_get_bytes(handshake_state) == DH_KEY_LEN);
+
+  key_material_len = DIGEST_LEN + key_out_len;
+  key_material = tor_malloc(key_material_len);
+  len = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, handshake_state,
+                                 handshake_reply, DH_KEY_LEN, key_material,
+                                 key_material_len);
+  if (len < 0)
+    goto err;
+
+  if (tor_memneq(key_material, handshake_reply+DH_KEY_LEN, DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /* H(K) does *not* match. Something fishy. */
+    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Digest DOES NOT MATCH on onion handshake. "
+             "Bug or attack.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* use the rest of the key material for our shared keys, digests, etc */
+  memcpy(key_out, key_material+DIGEST_LEN, key_out_len);
+
+  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
+  tor_free(key_material);
+  return 0;
+ err:
+  memwipe(key_material, 0, key_material_len);
+  tor_free(key_material);
+  return -1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/onion_tap.h b/src/or/onion_tap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b978b66737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/onion_tap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file onion_tap.h
+ * \brief Header file for onion_tap.c.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_ONION_TAP_H
+#define TOR_ONION_TAP_H
+
+#define TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN (PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING_OVERHEAD+\
+                                 CIPHER_KEY_LEN+\
+                                 DH_KEY_LEN)
+#define TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN (DH_KEY_LEN+DIGEST_LEN)
+
+int onion_skin_TAP_create(crypto_pk_t *router_key,
+                      crypto_dh_t **handshake_state_out,
+                      char *onion_skin_out);
+
+int onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake(const char *onion_skin,
+                                crypto_pk_t *private_key,
+                                crypto_pk_t *prev_private_key,
+                                char *handshake_reply_out,
+                                char *key_out,
+                                size_t key_out_len);
+
+int onion_skin_TAP_client_handshake(crypto_dh_t *handshake_state,
+                                const char *handshake_reply,
+                                char *key_out,
+                                size_t key_out_len);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/or.h b/src/or/or.h
index 462239190b..3eaf3447dc 100644
--- a/src/or/or.h
+++ b/src/or/or.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Master header file for Tor-specific functionality.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_OR_H
-#define _TOR_OR_H
+#ifndef TOR_OR_H
+#define TOR_OR_H
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@
 #include <process.h>
 #include <direct.h>
 #include <windows.h>
-#define snprintf _snprintf
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS
@@ -98,6 +97,8 @@
 #include "address.h"
 #include "compat_libevent.h"
 #include "ht.h"
+#include "replaycache.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
 
 /* These signals are defined to help handle_control_signal work.
  */
@@ -176,8 +177,6 @@
 #define MIN_ONION_KEY_LIFETIME (7*24*60*60)
 /** How often do we rotate TLS contexts? */
 #define MAX_SSL_KEY_LIFETIME_INTERNAL (2*60*60)
-/** What expiry time shall we place on our SSL certs? */
-#define MAX_SSL_KEY_LIFETIME_ADVERTISED (365*24*60*60)
 
 /** How old do we allow a router to get before removing it
  * from the router list? In seconds. */
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ typedef enum {
   CIRC_ID_TYPE_NEITHER=2
 } circ_id_type_t;
 
-#define _CONN_TYPE_MIN 3
+#define CONN_TYPE_MIN_ 3
 /** Type for sockets listening for OR connections. */
 #define CONN_TYPE_OR_LISTENER 3
 /** A bidirectional TLS connection transmitting a sequence of cells.
@@ -228,8 +227,8 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CONN_TYPE_AP_NATD_LISTENER 14
 /** Type for sockets listening for DNS requests. */
 #define CONN_TYPE_AP_DNS_LISTENER 15
-#define _CONN_TYPE_MAX 15
-/* !!!! If _CONN_TYPE_MAX is ever over 15, we must grow the type field in
+#define CONN_TYPE_MAX_ 15
+/* !!!! If CONN_TYPE_MAX_ is ever over 15, we must grow the type field in
  * connection_t. */
 
 /* Proxy client types */
@@ -269,17 +268,18 @@ typedef enum {
 /** State for any listener connection. */
 #define LISTENER_STATE_READY 0
 
-#define _CPUWORKER_STATE_MIN 1
+#define CPUWORKER_STATE_MIN_ 1
 /** State for a connection to a cpuworker process that's idle. */
 #define CPUWORKER_STATE_IDLE 1
 /** State for a connection to a cpuworker process that's processing a
  * handshake. */
 #define CPUWORKER_STATE_BUSY_ONION 2
-#define _CPUWORKER_STATE_MAX 2
+#define CPUWORKER_STATE_MAX_ 2
 
 #define CPUWORKER_TASK_ONION CPUWORKER_STATE_BUSY_ONION
+#define CPUWORKER_TASK_SHUTDOWN 255
 
-#define _OR_CONN_STATE_MIN 1
+#define OR_CONN_STATE_MIN_ 1
 /** State for a connection to an OR: waiting for connect() to finish. */
 #define OR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING 1
 /** State for a connection to an OR: waiting for proxy handshake to complete */
@@ -304,9 +304,9 @@ typedef enum {
 #define OR_CONN_STATE_OR_HANDSHAKING_V3 7
 /** State for an OR connection: Ready to send/receive cells. */
 #define OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN 8
-#define _OR_CONN_STATE_MAX 8
+#define OR_CONN_STATE_MAX_ 8
 
-#define _EXIT_CONN_STATE_MIN 1
+#define EXIT_CONN_STATE_MIN_ 1
 /** State for an exit connection: waiting for response from DNS farm. */
 #define EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING 1
 /** State for an exit connection: waiting for connect() to finish. */
@@ -315,10 +315,10 @@ typedef enum {
 #define EXIT_CONN_STATE_OPEN 3
 /** State for an exit connection: waiting to be removed. */
 #define EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED 4
-#define _EXIT_CONN_STATE_MAX 4
+#define EXIT_CONN_STATE_MAX_ 4
 
 /* The AP state values must be disjoint from the EXIT state values. */
-#define _AP_CONN_STATE_MIN 5
+#define AP_CONN_STATE_MIN_ 5
 /** State for a SOCKS connection: waiting for SOCKS request. */
 #define AP_CONN_STATE_SOCKS_WAIT 5
 /** State for a SOCKS connection: got a y.onion URL; waiting to receive
@@ -338,14 +338,14 @@ typedef enum {
 /** State for a transparent natd connection: waiting for original
  * destination. */
 #define AP_CONN_STATE_NATD_WAIT 12
-#define _AP_CONN_STATE_MAX 12
+#define AP_CONN_STATE_MAX_ 12
 
 /** True iff the AP_CONN_STATE_* value <b>s</b> means that the corresponding
  * edge connection is not attached to any circuit. */
 #define AP_CONN_STATE_IS_UNATTACHED(s) \
   ((s) <= AP_CONN_STATE_CIRCUIT_WAIT || (s) == AP_CONN_STATE_NATD_WAIT)
 
-#define _DIR_CONN_STATE_MIN 1
+#define DIR_CONN_STATE_MIN_ 1
 /** State for connection to directory server: waiting for connect(). */
 #define DIR_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING 1
 /** State for connection to directory server: sending HTTP request. */
@@ -358,21 +358,21 @@ typedef enum {
 #define DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_COMMAND_WAIT 5
 /** State for connection at directory server: sending HTTP response. */
 #define DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING 6
-#define _DIR_CONN_STATE_MAX 6
+#define DIR_CONN_STATE_MAX_ 6
 
 /** True iff the purpose of <b>conn</b> means that it's a server-side
  * directory connection. */
 #define DIR_CONN_IS_SERVER(conn) ((conn)->purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_SERVER)
 
-#define _CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MIN 1
+#define CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MIN_ 1
 /** State for a control connection: Authenticated and accepting v1 commands. */
 #define CONTROL_CONN_STATE_OPEN 1
 /** State for a control connection: Waiting for authentication; speaking
  * protocol v1. */
 #define CONTROL_CONN_STATE_NEEDAUTH 2
-#define _CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MAX 2
+#define CONTROL_CONN_STATE_MAX_ 2
 
-#define _DIR_PURPOSE_MIN 3
+#define DIR_PURPOSE_MIN_ 3
 /** A connection to a directory server: download a rendezvous
  * descriptor. */
 #define DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC 3
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ typedef enum {
 #define DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC_V2 18
 /** A connection to a directory server: download a microdescriptor. */
 #define DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC 19
-#define _DIR_PURPOSE_MAX 19
+#define DIR_PURPOSE_MAX_ 19
 
 /** True iff <b>p</b> is a purpose corresponding to uploading data to a
  * directory server. */
@@ -430,12 +430,12 @@ typedef enum {
    (p)==DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_VOTE ||              \
    (p)==DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_SIGNATURES)
 
-#define _EXIT_PURPOSE_MIN 1
+#define EXIT_PURPOSE_MIN_ 1
 /** This exit stream wants to do an ordinary connect. */
 #define EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT 1
 /** This exit stream wants to do a resolve (either normal or reverse). */
 #define EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE 2
-#define _EXIT_PURPOSE_MAX 2
+#define EXIT_PURPOSE_MAX_ 2
 
 /* !!!! If any connection purpose is ever over 31, we must grow the type
  * field in connection_t. */
@@ -444,16 +444,16 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CIRCUIT_STATE_BUILDING 0
 /** Circuit state: Waiting to process the onionskin. */
 #define CIRCUIT_STATE_ONIONSKIN_PENDING 1
-/** Circuit state: I'd like to deliver a create, but my n_conn is still
+/** Circuit state: I'd like to deliver a create, but my n_chan is still
  * connecting. */
-#define CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT 2
+#define CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT 2
 /** Circuit state: onionskin(s) processed, ready to send/receive cells. */
 #define CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN 3
 
-#define _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN 1
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MIN_ 1
 
 /* these circuits were initiated elsewhere */
-#define _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MIN 1
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MIN_ 1
 /** OR-side circuit purpose: normal circuit, at OR. */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR 1
 /** OR-side circuit purpose: At OR, from Bob, waiting for intro from Alices. */
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_POINT_WAITING 3
 /** OR-side circuit purpose: At OR, both circuits have this purpose. */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_ESTABLISHED 4
-#define _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX 4
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX_ 4
 
 /* these circuits originate at this node */
 
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_JOINED 12
 /** This circuit is used for build time measurement only */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MEASURE_TIMEOUT 13
-#define _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MAX 13
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MAX_ 13
 /** Hidden-service-side circuit purpose: at Bob, waiting for introductions. */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO 14
 /** Hidden-service-side circuit purpose: at Bob, successfully established
@@ -519,19 +519,21 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING 18
 /** A controller made this circuit and Tor should not use it. */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER 19
-#define _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX 19
+/** This circuit is used for path bias probing only */
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING 20
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_MAX_ 20
 /** A catch-all for unrecognized purposes. Currently we don't expect
  * to make or see any circuits with this purpose. */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_UNKNOWN 255
 
 /** True iff the circuit purpose <b>p</b> is for a circuit that
  * originated at this node. */
-#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_IS_ORIGIN(p) ((p)>_CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX)
+#define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_IS_ORIGIN(p) ((p)>CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX_)
 /** True iff the circuit purpose <b>p</b> is for a circuit that originated
  * here to serve as a client.  (Hidden services don't count here.) */
 #define CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_IS_CLIENT(p)  \
-  ((p)> _CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX &&    \
-   (p)<=_CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MAX)
+  ((p)> CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR_MAX_ &&    \
+   (p)<=CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_MAX_)
 /** True iff the circuit_t <b>c</b> is actually an origin_circuit_t. */
 #define CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c) (CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_IS_ORIGIN((c)->purpose))
 /** True iff the circuit purpose <b>p</b> is for an established rendezvous
@@ -561,6 +563,8 @@ typedef enum {
 #define RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVE 11
 #define RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVED 12
 #define RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR 13
+#define RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2 14
+#define RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2 15
 
 #define RELAY_COMMAND_ESTABLISH_INTRO 32
 #define RELAY_COMMAND_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS 33
@@ -666,7 +670,7 @@ typedef enum {
 
 /* Reasons why we (or a remote OR) might close a circuit. See tor-spec.txt for
  * documentation of these. */
-#define _END_CIRC_REASON_MIN            0
+#define END_CIRC_REASON_MIN_            0
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_NONE            0
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL     1
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL        2
@@ -675,12 +679,12 @@ typedef enum {
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT   5
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_CONNECTFAILED   6
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_OR_IDENTITY     7
-#define END_CIRC_REASON_OR_CONN_CLOSED  8
+#define END_CIRC_REASON_CHANNEL_CLOSED  8
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED        9
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_TIMEOUT         10
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_DESTROYED       11
 #define END_CIRC_REASON_NOSUCHSERVICE   12
-#define _END_CIRC_REASON_MAX            12
+#define END_CIRC_REASON_MAX_            12
 
 /** Bitwise-OR this with the argument to circuit_mark_for_close() or
  * control_event_circuit_status() to indicate that the reason was
@@ -834,6 +838,8 @@ typedef enum {
 #define CELL_VERSIONS 7
 #define CELL_NETINFO 8
 #define CELL_RELAY_EARLY 9
+#define CELL_CREATE2 10
+#define CELL_CREATED2 11
 
 #define CELL_VPADDING 128
 #define CELL_CERTS 129
@@ -870,11 +876,29 @@ typedef enum {
 
 /** Number of bytes in a cell, minus cell header. */
 #define CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE 509
-/** Number of bytes in a cell transmitted over the network. */
-#define CELL_NETWORK_SIZE 512
+/** Number of bytes in a cell transmitted over the network, in the longest
+ * form */
+#define CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE 514
 
-/** Length of a header on a variable-length cell. */
-#define VAR_CELL_HEADER_SIZE 5
+/** Maximum length of a header on a variable-length cell. */
+#define VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE 7
+
+static int get_cell_network_size(int wide_circ_ids);
+static INLINE int get_cell_network_size(int wide_circ_ids)
+{
+  return wide_circ_ids ? CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE : CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE - 2;
+}
+static int get_var_cell_header_size(int wide_circ_ids);
+static INLINE int get_var_cell_header_size(int wide_circ_ids)
+{
+  return wide_circ_ids ? VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE :
+    VAR_CELL_MAX_HEADER_SIZE - 2;
+}
+static int get_circ_id_size(int wide_circ_ids);
+static INLINE int get_circ_id_size(int wide_circ_ids)
+{
+  return wide_circ_ids ? 4 : 2;
+}
 
 /** Number of bytes in a relay cell's header (not including general cell
  * header). */
@@ -883,10 +907,151 @@ typedef enum {
 #define RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE (CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE-RELAY_HEADER_SIZE)
 
 /** Identifies a circuit on an or_connection */
-typedef uint16_t circid_t;
+typedef uint32_t circid_t;
 /** Identifies a stream on a circuit */
 typedef uint16_t streamid_t;
 
+/* channel_t typedef; struct channel_s is in channel.h */
+
+typedef struct channel_s channel_t;
+
+/* channel_listener_t typedef; struct channel_listener_s is in channel.h */
+
+typedef struct channel_listener_s channel_listener_t;
+
+/* channel states for channel_t */
+
+typedef enum {
+  /*
+   * Closed state - channel is inactive
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED = 0,
+  /*
+   * Opening state - channel is trying to connect
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING,
+  /*
+   * Open state - channel is active and ready for use
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN,
+  /*
+   * Maintenance state - channel is temporarily offline for subclass specific
+   *   maintenance activities such as TLS renegotiation.
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT,
+  /*
+   * Closing state - channel is shutting down
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSED,
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING,
+  /*
+   * Error state - channel has experienced a permanent error
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_MAINT
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPENING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_OPEN
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - None
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_ERROR,
+  /*
+   * Placeholder for maximum state value
+   */
+  CHANNEL_STATE_LAST
+} channel_state_t;
+
+/* channel listener states for channel_listener_t */
+
+typedef enum {
+  /*
+   * Closed state - channel listener is inactive
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING
+   */
+  CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED = 0,
+  /*
+   * Listening state - channel listener is listening for incoming
+   * connections
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR
+   */
+  CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING,
+  /*
+   * Closing state - channel listener is shutting down
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LISTENING
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSED,
+   *   - CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR
+   */
+  CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_CLOSING,
+  /*
+   * Error state - channel listener has experienced a permanent error
+   *
+   * Permitted transitions from:
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_CLOSING
+   *   - CHANNEL_STATE_LISTENING
+   * Permitted transitions to:
+   *   - None
+   */
+  CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_ERROR,
+  /*
+   * Placeholder for maximum state value
+   */
+  CHANNEL_LISTENER_STATE_LAST
+} channel_listener_state_t;
+
+/* TLS channel stuff */
+
+typedef struct channel_tls_s channel_tls_t;
+
+/* circuitmux_t typedef; struct circuitmux_s is in circuitmux.h */
+
+typedef struct circuitmux_s circuitmux_t;
+
 /** Parsed onion routing cell.  All communication between nodes
  * is via cells. */
 typedef struct cell_t {
@@ -911,36 +1076,17 @@ typedef struct var_cell_t {
 /** A cell as packed for writing to the network. */
 typedef struct packed_cell_t {
   struct packed_cell_t *next; /**< Next cell queued on this circuit. */
-  char body[CELL_NETWORK_SIZE]; /**< Cell as packed for network. */
+  char body[CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE]; /**< Cell as packed for network. */
   uint32_t inserted_time; /**< Time (in milliseconds since epoch, with high
                            * bits truncated) when this cell was inserted. */
 } packed_cell_t;
 
-/* XXXX This next structure may be obsoleted by inserted_time in
- * packed_cell_t */
-
-/** Number of cells added to a circuit queue including their insertion
- * time on 10 millisecond detail; used for buffer statistics. */
-typedef struct insertion_time_elem_t {
-  struct insertion_time_elem_t *next; /**< Next element in queue. */
-  uint32_t insertion_time; /**< When were cells inserted (in 10 ms steps
-                             * starting at 0:00 of the current day)? */
-  unsigned counter; /**< How many cells were inserted? */
-} insertion_time_elem_t;
-
-/** Queue of insertion times. */
-typedef struct insertion_time_queue_t {
-  struct insertion_time_elem_t *first; /**< First element in queue. */
-  struct insertion_time_elem_t *last; /**< Last element in queue. */
-} insertion_time_queue_t;
-
 /** A queue of cells on a circuit, waiting to be added to the
  * or_connection_t's outbuf. */
 typedef struct cell_queue_t {
   packed_cell_t *head; /**< The first cell, or NULL if the queue is empty. */
   packed_cell_t *tail; /**< The last cell, or NULL if the queue is empty. */
   int n; /**< The number of cells in the queue. */
-  insertion_time_queue_t *insertion_times; /**< Insertion times of cells. */
 } cell_queue_t;
 
 /** Beginning of a RELAY cell payload. */
@@ -1077,14 +1223,11 @@ typedef struct connection_t {
 
   /** Unique identifier for this connection on this Tor instance. */
   uint64_t global_identifier;
-
-  /** Unique ID for measuring tunneled network status requests. */
-  uint64_t dirreq_id;
 } connection_t;
 
 /** Subtype of connection_t; used for a listener socket. */
 typedef struct listener_connection_t {
-  connection_t _base;
+  connection_t base_;
 
   /** If the connection is a CONN_TYPE_AP_DNS_LISTENER, this field points
    * to the evdns_server_port it uses to listen to and answer connections. */
@@ -1102,6 +1245,40 @@ typedef struct listener_connection_t {
   /** One or more ISO_ flags to describe how to isolate streams. */
   uint8_t isolation_flags;
   /**@}*/
+  /** For SOCKS connections only: If this is set, we will choose "no
+   * authentication" instead of "username/password" authentication if both
+   * are offered. Used as input to parse_socks. */
+  unsigned int socks_prefer_no_auth : 1;
+
+  /** For a SOCKS listeners, these fields describe whether we should
+   * allow IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from our exit nodes, respectively.
+   *
+   * @{
+   */
+  unsigned int socks_ipv4_traffic : 1;
+  unsigned int socks_ipv6_traffic : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For a socks listener: should we tell the exit that we prefer IPv6
+   * addresses? */
+  unsigned int socks_prefer_ipv6 : 1;
+
+  /** For a socks listener: should we cache IPv4/IPv6 DNS information that
+   * exit nodes tell us?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int cache_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int cache_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For a socks listeners: if we find an answer in our client-side DNS cache,
+   * should we use it?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For socks listeners: When we can automap an address to IPv4 or IPv6,
+   * do we prefer IPv6? */
+  unsigned int prefer_ipv6_virtaddr : 1;
 
 } listener_connection_t;
 
@@ -1210,7 +1387,7 @@ typedef struct or_handshake_state_t {
 /** Subtype of connection_t for an "OR connection" -- that is, one that speaks
  * cells over TLS. */
 typedef struct or_connection_t {
-  connection_t _base;
+  connection_t base_;
 
   /** Hash of the public RSA key for the other side's identity key, or zeroes
    * if the other side hasn't shown us a valid identity key. */
@@ -1221,29 +1398,22 @@ typedef struct or_connection_t {
   int tls_error; /**< Last tor_tls error code. */
   /** When we last used this conn for any client traffic. If not
    * recent, we can rate limit it further. */
-  time_t client_used;
+
+  /* Channel using this connection */
+  channel_tls_t *chan;
 
   tor_addr_t real_addr; /**< The actual address that this connection came from
                        * or went to.  The <b>addr</b> field is prone to
                        * getting overridden by the address from the router
                        * descriptor matching <b>identity_digest</b>. */
 
-  circ_id_type_t circ_id_type:2; /**< When we send CREATE cells along this
-                                  * connection, which half of the space should
-                                  * we use? */
   /** Should this connection be used for extending circuits to the server
    * matching the <b>identity_digest</b> field?  Set to true if we're pretty
    * sure we aren't getting MITMed, either because we're connected to an
    * address listed in a server descriptor, or because an authenticated
    * NETINFO cell listed the address we're connected to as recognized. */
   unsigned int is_canonical:1;
-  /** True iff this connection shouldn't get any new circs attached to it,
-   * because the connection is too old, or because there's a better one.
-   * More generally, this flag is used to note an unhealthy connection;
-   * for example, if a bad connection fails we shouldn't assume that the
-   * router itself has a problem.
-   */
-  unsigned int is_bad_for_new_circs:1;
+
   /** True iff we have decided that the other end of this connection
    * is a client.  Connections with this flag set should never be used
    * to satisfy an EXTEND request.  */
@@ -1251,14 +1421,13 @@ typedef struct or_connection_t {
   /** True iff this is an outgoing connection. */
   unsigned int is_outgoing:1;
   unsigned int proxy_type:2; /**< One of PROXY_NONE...PROXY_SOCKS5 */
-  uint8_t link_proto; /**< What protocol version are we using? 0 for
-                       * "none negotiated yet." */
-  circid_t next_circ_id; /**< Which circ_id do we try to use next on
-                          * this connection?  This is always in the
-                          * range 0..1<<15-1. */
+  unsigned int wide_circ_ids:1;
+  uint16_t link_proto; /**< What protocol version are we using? 0 for
+                        * "none negotiated yet." */
 
   or_handshake_state_t *handshake_state; /**< If we are setting this connection
                                           * up, state information to do so. */
+
   time_t timestamp_lastempty; /**< When was the outbuf last completely empty?*/
   time_t timestamp_last_added_nonpadding; /** When did we last add a
                                            * non-padding cell to the outbuf? */
@@ -1277,24 +1446,7 @@ typedef struct or_connection_t {
   /* XXXX we could share this among all connections. */
   struct ev_token_bucket_cfg *bucket_cfg;
 #endif
-  int n_circuits; /**< How many circuits use this connection as p_conn or
-                   * n_conn ? */
-
-  /** Double-linked ring of circuits with queued cells waiting for room to
-   * free up on this connection's outbuf.  Every time we pull cells from a
-   * circuit, we advance this pointer to the next circuit in the ring. */
-  struct circuit_t *active_circuits;
-  /** Priority queue of cell_ewma_t for circuits with queued cells waiting for
-   * room to free up on this connection's outbuf.  Kept in heap order
-   * according to EWMA.
-   *
-   * This is redundant with active_circuits; if we ever decide only to use the
-   * cell_ewma algorithm for choosing circuits, we can remove active_circuits.
-   */
-  smartlist_t *active_circuit_pqueue;
-  /** The tick on which the cell_ewma_ts in active_circuit_pqueue last had
-   * their ewma values rescaled. */
-  unsigned active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated;
+
   struct or_connection_t *next_with_same_id; /**< Next connection with same
                                               * identity digest as this one. */
 } or_connection_t;
@@ -1302,7 +1454,7 @@ typedef struct or_connection_t {
 /** Subtype of connection_t for an "edge connection" -- that is, an entry (ap)
  * connection, or an exit. */
 typedef struct edge_connection_t {
-  connection_t _base;
+  connection_t base_;
 
   struct edge_connection_t *next_stream; /**< Points to the next stream at this
                                           * edge, if any */
@@ -1322,6 +1474,8 @@ typedef struct edge_connection_t {
 
   uint32_t address_ttl; /**< TTL for address-to-addr mapping on exit
                          * connection.  Exit connections only. */
+  uint32_t begincell_flags; /** Flags sent or received in the BEGIN cell
+                             * for this connection */
 
   streamid_t stream_id; /**< The stream ID used for this edge connection on its
                          * circuit */
@@ -1337,6 +1491,8 @@ typedef struct edge_connection_t {
 
   /** True iff this connection is for a DNS request only. */
   unsigned int is_dns_request:1;
+  /** True iff this connection is for a PTR DNS request. (exit only) */
+  unsigned int is_reverse_dns_lookup:1;
 
   unsigned int edge_has_sent_end:1; /**< For debugging; only used on edge
                          * connections.  Set once we've set the stream end,
@@ -1346,12 +1502,16 @@ typedef struct edge_connection_t {
    * cells. */
   unsigned int edge_blocked_on_circ:1;
 
+  /** Unique ID for directory requests; this used to be in connection_t, but
+   * that's going away and being used on channels instead.  We still tag
+   * edge connections with dirreq_id from circuits, so it's copied here. */
+  uint64_t dirreq_id;
 } edge_connection_t;
 
 /** Subtype of edge_connection_t for an "entry connection" -- that is, a SOCKS
  * connection, a DNS request, a TransPort connection or a NATD connection */
 typedef struct entry_connection_t {
-  edge_connection_t _edge;
+  edge_connection_t edge_;
 
   /** Nickname of planned exit node -- used with .exit support. */
   char *chosen_exit_name;
@@ -1424,12 +1584,46 @@ typedef struct entry_connection_t {
    */
   unsigned int may_use_optimistic_data : 1;
 
+  /** Should we permit IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to use this connection?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int ipv4_traffic_ok : 1;
+  unsigned int ipv6_traffic_ok : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** Should we say we prefer IPv6 traffic? */
+  unsigned int prefer_ipv6_traffic : 1;
+
+  /** For a socks listener: should we cache IPv4/IPv6 DNS information that
+   * exit nodes tell us?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int cache_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int cache_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For a socks listeners: if we find an answer in our client-side DNS cache,
+   * should we use it?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For socks listeners: When we can automap an address to IPv4 or IPv6,
+   * do we prefer IPv6? */
+  unsigned int prefer_ipv6_virtaddr : 1;
+
 } entry_connection_t;
 
+typedef enum {
+    DIR_SPOOL_NONE=0, DIR_SPOOL_SERVER_BY_DIGEST, DIR_SPOOL_SERVER_BY_FP,
+    DIR_SPOOL_EXTRA_BY_DIGEST, DIR_SPOOL_EXTRA_BY_FP,
+    DIR_SPOOL_CACHED_DIR, DIR_SPOOL_NETWORKSTATUS,
+    DIR_SPOOL_MICRODESC, /* NOTE: if we add another entry, add another bit. */
+} dir_spool_source_t;
+
 /** Subtype of connection_t for an "directory connection" -- that is, an HTTP
  * connection to retrieve or serve directory material. */
 typedef struct dir_connection_t {
-  connection_t _base;
+  connection_t base_;
 
  /** Which 'resource' did we ask the directory for? This is typically the part
   * of the URL string that defines, relative to the directory conn purpose,
@@ -1444,12 +1638,8 @@ typedef struct dir_connection_t {
    * "spooling" of directory material to the outbuf.  Otherwise, we'd have
    * to append everything to the outbuf in one enormous chunk. */
   /** What exactly are we spooling right now? */
-  enum {
-    DIR_SPOOL_NONE=0, DIR_SPOOL_SERVER_BY_DIGEST, DIR_SPOOL_SERVER_BY_FP,
-    DIR_SPOOL_EXTRA_BY_DIGEST, DIR_SPOOL_EXTRA_BY_FP,
-    DIR_SPOOL_CACHED_DIR, DIR_SPOOL_NETWORKSTATUS,
-    DIR_SPOOL_MICRODESC, /* NOTE: if we add another entry, add another bit. */
-  } dir_spool_src : 3;
+  ENUM_BF(dir_spool_source_t)  dir_spool_src : 3;
+
   /** If we're fetching descriptors, what router purpose shall we assign
    * to them? */
   uint8_t router_purpose;
@@ -1468,11 +1658,15 @@ typedef struct dir_connection_t {
   char identity_digest[DIGEST_LEN]; /**< Hash of the public RSA key for
                                      * the directory server's signing key. */
 
+  /** Unique ID for directory requests; this used to be in connection_t, but
+   * that's going away and being used on channels instead.  The dirserver still
+   * needs this for the incoming side, so it's moved here. */
+  uint64_t dirreq_id;
 } dir_connection_t;
 
 /** Subtype of connection_t for an connection to a controller. */
 typedef struct control_connection_t {
-  connection_t _base;
+  connection_t base_;
 
   uint32_t event_mask; /**< Bitfield: which events does this controller
                         * care about? */
@@ -1499,12 +1693,12 @@ typedef struct control_connection_t {
 } control_connection_t;
 
 /** Cast a connection_t subtype pointer to a connection_t **/
-#define TO_CONN(c) (&(((c)->_base)))
-/** Helper macro: Given a pointer to to._base, of type from*, return &to. */
-#define DOWNCAST(to, ptr) ((to*)SUBTYPE_P(ptr, to, _base))
+#define TO_CONN(c) (&(((c)->base_)))
+/** Helper macro: Given a pointer to to.base_, of type from*, return &to. */
+#define DOWNCAST(to, ptr) ((to*)SUBTYPE_P(ptr, to, base_))
 
 /** Cast a entry_connection_t subtype pointer to a edge_connection_t **/
-#define ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(c) (&(((c))->_edge))
+#define ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(c) (&(((c))->edge_))
 /** Cast a entry_connection_t subtype pointer to a connection_t **/
 #define ENTRY_TO_CONN(c) (TO_CONN(ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(c)))
 
@@ -1549,12 +1743,12 @@ static INLINE edge_connection_t *TO_EDGE_CONN(connection_t *c)
 static INLINE entry_connection_t *TO_ENTRY_CONN(connection_t *c)
 {
   tor_assert(c->magic == ENTRY_CONNECTION_MAGIC);
-  return (entry_connection_t*) SUBTYPE_P(c, entry_connection_t, _edge._base);
+  return (entry_connection_t*) SUBTYPE_P(c, entry_connection_t, edge_.base_);
 }
 static INLINE entry_connection_t *EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(edge_connection_t *c)
 {
-  tor_assert(c->_base.magic == ENTRY_CONNECTION_MAGIC);
-  return (entry_connection_t*) SUBTYPE_P(c, entry_connection_t, _edge);
+  tor_assert(c->base_.magic == ENTRY_CONNECTION_MAGIC);
+  return (entry_connection_t*) SUBTYPE_P(c, entry_connection_t, edge_);
 }
 static INLINE control_connection_t *TO_CONTROL_CONN(connection_t *c)
 {
@@ -1621,7 +1815,8 @@ typedef enum {
 /** A reference-counted address policy rule. */
 typedef struct addr_policy_t {
   int refcnt; /**< Reference count */
-  addr_policy_action_t policy_type:2;/**< What to do when the policy matches.*/
+  /** What to do when the policy matches.*/
+  ENUM_BF(addr_policy_action_t) policy_type:2;
   unsigned int is_private:1; /**< True iff this is the pseudo-address,
                               * "private". */
   unsigned int is_canonical:1; /**< True iff this policy is the canonical
@@ -1630,7 +1825,15 @@ typedef struct addr_policy_t {
   maskbits_t maskbits; /**< Accept/reject all addresses <b>a</b> such that the
                  * first <b>maskbits</b> bits of <b>a</b> match
                  * <b>addr</b>. */
-  tor_addr_t addr; /**< Base address to accept or reject. */
+  /** Base address to accept or reject.
+   *
+   * Note that wildcards are treated
+   * differntly depending on address family. An AF_UNSPEC address means
+   * "All addresses, IPv4 or IPv6." An AF_INET address with maskbits==0 means
+   * "All IPv4 addresses" and an AF_INET6 address with maskbits == 0 means
+   * "All IPv6 addresses".
+  **/
+  tor_addr_t addr;
   uint16_t prt_min; /**< Lowest port number to accept/reject. */
   uint16_t prt_max; /**< Highest port number to accept/reject. */
 } addr_policy_t;
@@ -1681,7 +1884,7 @@ typedef struct download_status_t {
                            * again? */
   uint8_t n_download_failures; /**< Number of failures trying to download the
                                 * most recent descriptor. */
-  download_schedule_t schedule : 8;
+  ENUM_BF(download_schedule_t) schedule : 8;
 } download_status_t;
 
 /** If n_download_failures is this high, the download can never happen. */
@@ -1760,6 +1963,8 @@ typedef struct {
 
   crypto_pk_t *onion_pkey; /**< Public RSA key for onions. */
   crypto_pk_t *identity_pkey;  /**< Public RSA key for signing. */
+  /** Public curve25519 key for onions */
+  curve25519_public_key_t *onion_curve25519_pkey;
 
   char *platform; /**< What software/operating system is this OR using? */
 
@@ -1770,7 +1975,10 @@ typedef struct {
   /** How many bytes/s is this router known to handle? */
   uint32_t bandwidthcapacity;
   smartlist_t *exit_policy; /**< What streams will this OR permit
-                             * to exit?  NULL for 'reject *:*'. */
+                             * to exit on IPv4?  NULL for 'reject *:*'. */
+  /** What streams will this OR permit to exit on IPv6?
+   * NULL for 'reject *:*' */
+  struct short_policy_t *ipv6_exit_policy;
   long uptime; /**< How many seconds the router claims to have been up */
   smartlist_t *declared_family; /**< Nicknames of router which this router
                                  * claims are its family. */
@@ -1789,8 +1997,6 @@ typedef struct {
   /** True if, after we have added this router, we should re-launch
    * tests for it. */
   unsigned int needs_retest_if_added:1;
-  /** True if ipv6_addr:ipv6_orport is preferred.  */
-  unsigned int ipv6_preferred:1;
 
 /** Tor can use this router for general positions in circuits; we got it
  * from a directory server as usual, or we're an authority and a server
@@ -1813,15 +2019,6 @@ typedef struct {
    * things; see notes on ROUTER_PURPOSE_* macros above.
    */
   uint8_t purpose;
-
-  /* The below items are used only by authdirservers for
-   * reachability testing. */
-
-  /** When was the last time we could reach this OR? */
-  time_t last_reachable;
-  /** When did we start testing reachability for this OR? */
-  time_t testing_since;
-
 } routerinfo_t;
 
 /** Information needed to keep and cache a signed extra-info document. */
@@ -1853,6 +2050,8 @@ typedef struct routerstatus_t {
   uint32_t addr; /**< IPv4 address for this router. */
   uint16_t or_port; /**< OR port for this router. */
   uint16_t dir_port; /**< Directory port for this router. */
+  tor_addr_t ipv6_addr; /**< IPv6 address for this router. */
+  uint16_t ipv6_orport; /**<IPV6 OR port for this router. */
   unsigned int is_authority:1; /**< True iff this router is an authority. */
   unsigned int is_exit:1; /**< True iff this router is a good exit. */
   unsigned int is_stable:1; /**< True iff this router stays up a long time. */
@@ -1882,30 +2081,23 @@ typedef struct routerstatus_t {
    * included.)  We'll replace all these with a big tor_version_t or a char[]
    * if the number of traits we care about ever becomes incredibly big. */
   unsigned int version_known:1;
-  /** True iff this router is a version that supports BEGIN_DIR cells. */
-  unsigned int version_supports_begindir:1;
-  /** True iff this router is a version that supports conditional consensus
-   *  downloads (signed by list of authorities). */
-  unsigned int version_supports_conditional_consensus:1;
-  /** True iff this router is a version that we can post extrainfo docs to. */
-  unsigned int version_supports_extrainfo_upload:1;
-  /** True iff this router is a version that, if it caches directory info,
-   * we can get v3 downloads from. */
-  unsigned int version_supports_v3_dir:1;
+
   /** True iff this router is a version that, if it caches directory info,
    * we can get microdescriptors from. */
   unsigned int version_supports_microdesc_cache:1;
   /** True iff this router is a version that allows DATA cells to arrive on
    * a stream before it has sent a CONNECTED cell. */
   unsigned int version_supports_optimistic_data:1;
+  /** True iff this router has a version that allows it to accept EXTEND2
+   * cells */
+  unsigned int version_supports_extend2_cells:1;
 
   unsigned int has_bandwidth:1; /**< The vote/consensus had bw info */
   unsigned int has_exitsummary:1; /**< The vote/consensus had exit summaries */
-  unsigned int has_measured_bw:1; /**< The vote/consensus had a measured bw */
-
-  uint32_t measured_bw; /**< Measured bandwidth (capacity) of the router */
+  unsigned int bw_is_unmeasured:1; /**< This is a consensus entry, with
+                                    * the Unmeasured flag set. */
 
-  uint32_t bandwidth; /**< Bandwidth (capacity) of the router as reported in
+  uint32_t bandwidth_kb; /**< Bandwidth (capacity) of the router as reported in
                        * the vote/consensus, in kilobytes/sec. */
   char *exitsummary; /**< exit policy summary -
                       * XXX weasel: this probably should not stay a string. */
@@ -1960,7 +2152,7 @@ typedef struct microdesc_t {
    */
   time_t last_listed;
   /** Where is this microdescriptor currently stored? */
-  saved_location_t saved_location : 3;
+  ENUM_BF(saved_location_t) saved_location : 3;
   /** If true, do not attempt to cache this microdescriptor on disk. */
   unsigned int no_save : 1;
   /** If true, this microdesc has an entry in the microdesc_map */
@@ -1988,10 +2180,19 @@ typedef struct microdesc_t {
 
   /** As routerinfo_t.onion_pkey */
   crypto_pk_t *onion_pkey;
+  /** As routerinfo_t.onion_curve25519_pkey */
+  curve25519_public_key_t *onion_curve25519_pkey;
+  /** As routerinfo_t.ipv6_add */
+  tor_addr_t ipv6_addr;
+  /** As routerinfo_t.ipv6_orport */
+  uint16_t ipv6_orport;
   /** As routerinfo_t.family */
   smartlist_t *family;
-  /** Exit policy summary */
+  /** IPv4 exit policy summary */
   short_policy_t *exit_policy;
+  /** IPv6 exit policy summary */
+  short_policy_t *ipv6_exit_policy;
+
 } microdesc_t;
 
 /** A node_t represents a Tor router.
@@ -2026,13 +2227,13 @@ typedef struct node_t {
   routerstatus_t *rs;
 
   /* local info: copied from routerstatus, then possibly frobbed based
-   * on experience.  Authorities set this stuff directly. */
+   * on experience.  Authorities set this stuff directly.  Note that
+   * these reflect knowledge of the primary (IPv4) OR port only.  */
 
   unsigned int is_running:1; /**< As far as we know, is this OR currently
                               * running? */
   unsigned int is_valid:1; /**< Has a trusted dirserver validated this OR?
-                               *  (For Authdir: Have we validated this OR?)
-                               */
+                            *  (For Authdir: Have we validated this OR?) */
   unsigned int is_fast:1; /** Do we think this is a fast OR? */
   unsigned int is_stable:1; /** Do we think this is a stable OR? */
   unsigned int is_possible_guard:1; /**< Do we think this is an OK guard? */
@@ -2053,10 +2254,25 @@ typedef struct node_t {
   /** Local info: we treat this node as if it rejects everything */
   unsigned int rejects_all:1;
 
+  /** Local info: this node is in our list of guards */
+  unsigned int using_as_guard:1;
+
   /* Local info: derived. */
 
+  /** True if the IPv6 OR port is preferred over the IPv4 OR port.  */
+  unsigned int ipv6_preferred:1;
+
   /** According to the geoip db what country is this router in? */
+  /* XXXprop186 what is this suppose to mean with multiple OR ports? */
   country_t country;
+
+  /* The below items are used only by authdirservers for
+   * reachability testing. */
+
+  /** When was the last time we could reach this OR? */
+  time_t last_reachable;        /* IPv4. */
+  time_t last_reachable6;       /* IPv6. */
+
 } node_t;
 
 /** How many times will we try to download a router's descriptor before giving
@@ -2111,7 +2327,8 @@ typedef struct networkstatus_v2_t {
 typedef struct vote_microdesc_hash_t {
   /** Next element in the list, or NULL. */
   struct vote_microdesc_hash_t *next;
-  /** The raw contents of the microdesc hash line, excluding the "m". */
+  /** The raw contents of the microdesc hash line, from the "m" through the
+   * newline. */
   char *microdesc_hash_line;
 } vote_microdesc_hash_t;
 
@@ -2119,10 +2336,15 @@ typedef struct vote_microdesc_hash_t {
 typedef struct vote_routerstatus_t {
   routerstatus_t status; /**< Underlying 'status' object for this router.
                           * Flags are redundant. */
+  /** How many known-flags are allowed in a vote? This is the width of
+   * the flags field of vote_routerstatus_t */
+#define MAX_KNOWN_FLAGS_IN_VOTE 64
   uint64_t flags; /**< Bit-field for all recognized flags; index into
                    * networkstatus_t.known_flags. */
   char *version; /**< The version that the authority says this router is
                   * running. */
+  unsigned int has_measured_bw:1; /**< The vote had a measured bw */
+  uint32_t measured_bw_kb; /**< Measured bandwidth (capacity) of the router */
   /** The hash or hashes that the authority claims this microdesc has. */
   vote_microdesc_hash_t *microdesc;
 } vote_routerstatus_t;
@@ -2186,8 +2408,11 @@ typedef enum {
 /** A common structure to hold a v3 network status vote, or a v3 network
  * status consensus. */
 typedef struct networkstatus_t {
-  networkstatus_type_t type : 8; /**< Vote, consensus, or opinion? */
-  consensus_flavor_t flavor : 8; /**< If a consensus, what kind? */
+  ENUM_BF(networkstatus_type_t) type : 8; /**< Vote, consensus, or opinion? */
+  ENUM_BF(consensus_flavor_t) flavor : 8; /**< If a consensus, what kind? */
+  unsigned int has_measured_bws : 1;/**< True iff this networkstatus contains
+                                     * measured= bandwidth values. */
+
   time_t published; /**< Vote only: Time when vote was written. */
   time_t valid_after; /**< Time after which this vote or consensus applies. */
   time_t fresh_until; /**< Time before which this is the most recent vote or
@@ -2325,6 +2550,9 @@ typedef struct extend_info_t {
   uint16_t port; /**< OR port. */
   tor_addr_t addr; /**< IP address. */
   crypto_pk_t *onion_key; /**< Current onionskin key. */
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  curve25519_public_key_t curve25519_onion_key;
+#endif
 } extend_info_t;
 
 /** Certificate for v3 directory protocol: binds long-term authority identity
@@ -2377,8 +2605,25 @@ typedef enum {
   MICRODESC_DIRINFO=1 << 6,
 } dirinfo_type_t;
 
+#define ALL_DIRINFO ((dirinfo_type_t)((1<<7)-1))
+
 #define CRYPT_PATH_MAGIC 0x70127012u
 
+struct fast_handshake_state_t;
+struct ntor_handshake_state_t;
+#define ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP  0x0000
+#define ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST 0x0001
+#define ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR 0x0002
+#define MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE 0x0002
+typedef struct {
+  uint16_t tag;
+  union {
+    struct fast_handshake_state_t *fast;
+    crypto_dh_t *tap;
+    struct ntor_handshake_state_t *ntor;
+  } u;
+} onion_handshake_state_t;
+
 /** Holds accounting information for a single step in the layered encryption
  * performed by a circuit.  Used only at the client edge of a circuit. */
 typedef struct crypt_path_t {
@@ -2397,17 +2642,15 @@ typedef struct crypt_path_t {
   /** Digest state for cells heading away from the OR at this step. */
   crypto_digest_t *b_digest;
 
-  /** Current state of Diffie-Hellman key negotiation with the OR at this
+  /** Current state of the handshake as performed with the OR at this
    * step. */
-  crypto_dh_t *dh_handshake_state;
-  /** Current state of 'fast' (non-PK) key negotiation with the OR at this
-   * step. Used to save CPU when TLS is already providing all the
-   * authentication, secrecy, and integrity we need, and we're already
-   * distinguishable from an OR.
-   */
-  uint8_t fast_handshake_state[DIGEST_LEN];
+  onion_handshake_state_t handshake_state;
+  /** Diffie-hellman handshake state for performing an introduction
+   * operations */
+  crypto_dh_t *rend_dh_handshake_state;
+
   /** Negotiated key material shared with the OR at this step. */
-  char handshake_digest[DIGEST_LEN];/* KH in tor-spec.txt */
+  char rend_circ_nonce[DIGEST_LEN];/* KH in tor-spec.txt */
 
   /** Information to extend to the OR at this step. */
   extend_info_t *extend_info;
@@ -2448,10 +2691,6 @@ typedef struct {
 #define CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN (20*2+16*2)
 
 #define DH_KEY_LEN DH_BYTES
-#define ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN (PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING_OVERHEAD+\
-                                 CIPHER_KEY_LEN+\
-                                 DH_KEY_LEN)
-#define ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN (DH_KEY_LEN+DIGEST_LEN)
 
 /** Information used to build a circuit. */
 typedef struct {
@@ -2480,32 +2719,11 @@ typedef struct {
   time_t expiry_time;
 } cpath_build_state_t;
 
-/**
- * The cell_ewma_t structure keeps track of how many cells a circuit has
- * transferred recently.  It keeps an EWMA (exponentially weighted moving
- * average) of the number of cells flushed from the circuit queue onto a
- * connection in connection_or_flush_from_first_active_circuit().
- */
-typedef struct {
-  /** The last 'tick' at which we recalibrated cell_count.
-   *
-   * A cell sent at exactly the start of this tick has weight 1.0. Cells sent
-   * since the start of this tick have weight greater than 1.0; ones sent
-   * earlier have less weight. */
-  unsigned last_adjusted_tick;
-  /** The EWMA of the cell count. */
-  double cell_count;
-  /** True iff this is the cell count for a circuit's previous
-   * connection. */
-  unsigned int is_for_p_conn : 1;
-  /** The position of the circuit within the OR connection's priority
-   * queue. */
-  int heap_index;
-} cell_ewma_t;
-
 #define ORIGIN_CIRCUIT_MAGIC 0x35315243u
 #define OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC 0x98ABC04Fu
 
+struct create_cell_t;
+
 /**
  * A circuit is a path over the onion routing
  * network. Applications can connect to one end of the circuit, and can
@@ -2533,23 +2751,39 @@ typedef struct circuit_t {
   uint32_t magic; /**< For memory and type debugging: must equal
                    * ORIGIN_CIRCUIT_MAGIC or OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC. */
 
-  /** Queue of cells waiting to be transmitted on n_conn. */
-  cell_queue_t n_conn_cells;
-  /** The OR connection that is next in this circuit. */
-  or_connection_t *n_conn;
-  /** The circuit_id used in the next (forward) hop of this circuit. */
+  /** The channel that is next in this circuit. */
+  channel_t *n_chan;
+
+  /**
+   * The circuit_id used in the next (forward) hop of this circuit;
+   * this is unique to n_chan, but this ordered pair is globally
+   * unique:
+   *
+   * (n_chan->global_identifier, n_circ_id)
+   */
   circid_t n_circ_id;
 
-  /** The hop to which we want to extend this circuit.  Should be NULL if
-   * the circuit has attached to a connection. */
+  /**
+   * Circuit mux associated with n_chan to which this circuit is attached;
+   * NULL if we have no n_chan.
+   */
+  circuitmux_t *n_mux;
+
+  /** Queue of cells waiting to be transmitted on n_chan */
+  cell_queue_t n_chan_cells;
+
+  /**
+   * The hop to which we want to extend this circuit.  Should be NULL if
+   * the circuit has attached to a channel.
+   */
   extend_info_t *n_hop;
 
-  /** True iff we are waiting for n_conn_cells to become less full before
+  /** True iff we are waiting for n_chan_cells to become less full before
    * allowing p_streams to add any more cells. (Origin circuit only.) */
-  unsigned int streams_blocked_on_n_conn : 1;
-  /** True iff we are waiting for p_conn_cells to become less full before
+  unsigned int streams_blocked_on_n_chan : 1;
+  /** True iff we are waiting for p_chan_cells to become less full before
    * allowing n_streams to add any more cells. (OR circuit only.) */
-  unsigned int streams_blocked_on_p_conn : 1;
+  unsigned int streams_blocked_on_p_chan : 1;
 
   uint8_t state; /**< Current status of this circuit. */
   uint8_t purpose; /**< Why are we creating this circuit? */
@@ -2564,15 +2798,24 @@ typedef struct circuit_t {
    * more. */
   int deliver_window;
 
-  /** For storage while n_conn is pending
-    * (state CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT). When defined, it is always
-    * length ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN. */
-  char *n_conn_onionskin;
+  /** For storage while n_chan is pending (state CIRCUIT_STATE_CHAN_WAIT). */
+  struct create_cell_t *n_chan_create_cell;
+
+  /** When did circuit construction actually begin (ie send the
+   * CREATE cell or begin cannibalization).
+   *
+   * Note: This timer will get reset if we decide to cannibalize
+   * a circuit. It may also get reset during certain phases of hidden
+   * service circuit use.
+   *
+   * We keep this timestamp with a higher resolution than most so that the
+   * circuit-build-time tracking code can get millisecond resolution.
+   */
+  struct timeval timestamp_began;
 
-  /** When was this circuit created?  We keep this timestamp with a higher
-   * resolution than most so that the circuit-build-time tracking code can
-   * get millisecond resolution. */
+  /** This timestamp marks when the init_circuit_base constructor ran. */
   struct timeval timestamp_created;
+
   /** When the circuit was first used, or 0 if the circuit is clean.
    *
    * XXXX023 Note that some code will artifically adjust this value backward
@@ -2593,23 +2836,19 @@ typedef struct circuit_t {
   const char *marked_for_close_file; /**< For debugging: in which file was this
                                       * circuit marked for close? */
 
+  /** Unique ID for measuring tunneled network status requests. */
+  uint64_t dirreq_id;
+
+  struct circuit_t *next; /**< Next circuit in linked list of all circuits. */
+
   /** Next circuit in the doubly-linked ring of circuits waiting to add
    * cells to n_conn.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
    * linked to an OR connection. */
-  struct circuit_t *next_active_on_n_conn;
+  struct circuit_t *next_active_on_n_chan;
   /** Previous circuit in the doubly-linked ring of circuits waiting to add
    * cells to n_conn.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
    * linked to an OR connection. */
-  struct circuit_t *prev_active_on_n_conn;
-  struct circuit_t *next; /**< Next circuit in linked list of all circuits. */
-
-  /** Unique ID for measuring tunneled network status requests. */
-  uint64_t dirreq_id;
-
-  /** The EWMA count for the number of cells flushed from the
-   * n_conn_cells queue.  Used to determine which circuit to flush from next.
-   */
-  cell_ewma_t n_cell_ewma;
+  struct circuit_t *prev_active_on_n_chan;
 } circuit_t;
 
 /** Largest number of relay_early cells that we can send on a given
@@ -2618,25 +2857,64 @@ typedef struct circuit_t {
 
 /**
  * Describes the circuit building process in simplified terms based
- * on the path bias accounting state for a circuit. Created to prevent
- * overcounting due to unknown cases of circuit reuse. See Bug #6475.
+ * on the path bias accounting state for a circuit.
+ *
+ * NOTE: These state values are enumerated in the order for which we
+ * expect circuits to transition through them. If you add states,
+ * you need to preserve this overall ordering. The various pathbias
+ * state transition and accounting functions (pathbias_mark_* and
+ * pathbias_count_*) contain ordinal comparisons to enforce proper
+ * state transitions for corrections.
+ *
+ * This state machine and the associated logic was created to prevent
+ * miscounting due to unknown cases of circuit reuse. See also tickets
+ * #6475 and #7802.
  */
 typedef enum {
     /** This circuit is "new". It has not yet completed a first hop
      * or been counted by the path bias code. */
     PATH_STATE_NEW_CIRC = 0,
-    /** This circuit has completed a first hop, and has been counted by
+    /** This circuit has completed one/two hops, and has been counted by
      * the path bias logic. */
-    PATH_STATE_DID_FIRST_HOP = 1,
-    /** This circuit has been completely built, and has been counted as
-     * successful by the path bias logic. */
-    PATH_STATE_SUCCEEDED = 2,
+    PATH_STATE_BUILD_ATTEMPTED = 1,
+    /** This circuit has been completely built */
+    PATH_STATE_BUILD_SUCCEEDED = 2,
+    /** Did we try to attach any SOCKS streams or hidserv introductions to
+      * this circuit?
+      *
+      * Note: If we ever implement end-to-end stream timing through test
+      * stream probes (#5707), we must *not* set this for those probes
+      * (or any other automatic streams) because the adversary could
+      * just tag at a later point.
+      */
+    PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED = 3,
+    /** Did any SOCKS streams or hidserv introductions actually succeed on
+      * this circuit?
+      *
+      * If any streams detatch/fail from this circuit, the code transitions
+      * the circuit back to PATH_STATE_USE_ATTEMPTED to ensure we probe. See
+      * pathbias_mark_use_rollback() for that.
+      */
+    PATH_STATE_USE_SUCCEEDED = 4,
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special state to indicate that we got a corrupted
+     * relay cell on a circuit and we don't intend to probe it.
+     */
+    PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED = 5,
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special state to indicate that we already counted
+     * the circuit. Used to guard against potential state machine
+     * violations.
+     */
+    PATH_STATE_ALREADY_COUNTED = 6,
 } path_state_t;
 
 /** An origin_circuit_t holds data necessary to build and use a circuit.
  */
 typedef struct origin_circuit_t {
-  circuit_t _base;
+  circuit_t base_;
 
   /** Linked list of AP streams (or EXIT streams if hidden service)
    * associated with this circuit. */
@@ -2666,9 +2944,36 @@ typedef struct origin_circuit_t {
    * cannibalized circuits. */
   unsigned int has_opened : 1;
 
-  /** Kludge to help us prevent the warn in bug #6475 and eventually
-   * debug why we are not seeing first hops in some cases. */
-  path_state_t path_state : 2;
+  /**
+   * Path bias state machine. Used to ensure integrity of our
+   * circuit building and usage accounting. See path_state_t
+   * for more details.
+   */
+  ENUM_BF(path_state_t) path_state : 3;
+
+  /* If this flag is set, we should not consider attaching any more
+   * connections to this circuit. */
+  unsigned int unusable_for_new_conns : 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Tristate variable to guard against pathbias miscounting
+   * due to circuit purpose transitions changing the decision
+   * of pathbias_should_count(). This variable is informational
+   * only. The current results of pathbias_should_count() are
+   * the official decision for pathbias accounting.
+   */
+  uint8_t pathbias_shouldcount;
+#define PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_UNDECIDED 0
+#define PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_IGNORED   1
+#define PATHBIAS_SHOULDCOUNT_COUNTED   2
+
+  /** For path probing. Store the temporary probe stream ID
+   * for response comparison */
+  streamid_t pathbias_probe_id;
+
+  /** For path probing. Store the temporary probe address nonce
+   * (in host byte order) for response comparison. */
+  uint32_t pathbias_probe_nonce;
 
   /** Set iff this is a hidden-service circuit which has timed out
    * according to our current circuit-build timeout, but which has
@@ -2686,6 +2991,10 @@ typedef struct origin_circuit_t {
    * service-side introduction circuits never have this flag set.) */
   unsigned int hs_circ_has_timed_out : 1;
 
+  /** Set iff this circuit has been given a relaxed timeout because
+   * no circuits have opened. Used to prevent spamming logs. */
+  unsigned int relaxed_timeout : 1;
+
   /** Set iff this is a service-side rendezvous circuit for which a
    * new connection attempt has been launched.  We consider launching
    * a new service-side rend circ to a client when the previous one
@@ -2763,29 +3072,42 @@ typedef struct origin_circuit_t {
    * ISO_STREAM. */
   uint64_t associated_isolated_stream_global_id;
   /**@}*/
-
+  /** A list of addr_policy_t for this circuit in particular. Used by
+   * adjust_exit_policy_from_exitpolicy_failure.
+   */
+  smartlist_t *prepend_policy;
 } origin_circuit_t;
 
+struct onion_queue_t;
+
 /** An or_circuit_t holds information needed to implement a circuit at an
  * OR. */
 typedef struct or_circuit_t {
-  circuit_t _base;
+  circuit_t base_;
 
   /** Next circuit in the doubly-linked ring of circuits waiting to add
-   * cells to p_conn.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
+   * cells to p_chan.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
    * linked to an OR connection. */
-  struct circuit_t *next_active_on_p_conn;
+  struct circuit_t *next_active_on_p_chan;
   /** Previous circuit in the doubly-linked ring of circuits waiting to add
-   * cells to p_conn.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
+   * cells to p_chan.  NULL if we have no cells pending, or if we're not
    * linked to an OR connection. */
-  struct circuit_t *prev_active_on_p_conn;
+  struct circuit_t *prev_active_on_p_chan;
+  /** Pointer to an entry on the onion queue, if this circuit is waiting for a
+   * chance to give an onionskin to a cpuworker. Used only in onion.c */
+  struct onion_queue_t *onionqueue_entry;
 
   /** The circuit_id used in the previous (backward) hop of this circuit. */
   circid_t p_circ_id;
   /** Queue of cells waiting to be transmitted on p_conn. */
-  cell_queue_t p_conn_cells;
-  /** The OR connection that is previous in this circuit. */
-  or_connection_t *p_conn;
+  cell_queue_t p_chan_cells;
+  /** The channel that is previous in this circuit. */
+  channel_t *p_chan;
+  /**
+   * Circuit mux associated with p_chan to which this circuit is attached;
+   * NULL if we have no p_chan.
+   */
+  circuitmux_t *p_mux;
   /** Linked list of Exit streams associated with this circuit. */
   edge_connection_t *n_streams;
   /** Linked list of Exit streams associated with this circuit that are
@@ -2825,7 +3147,8 @@ typedef struct or_circuit_t {
   char rend_token[REND_TOKEN_LEN];
 
   /* ???? move to a subtype or adjunct structure? Wastes 20 bytes -NM */
-  char handshake_digest[DIGEST_LEN]; /**< Stores KH for the handshake. */
+  /** Stores KH for the handshake. */
+  char rend_circ_nonce[DIGEST_LEN];/* KH in tor-spec.txt */
 
   /** How many more relay_early cells can we send on this circuit, according
    * to the specification? */
@@ -2842,14 +3165,10 @@ typedef struct or_circuit_t {
    * exit-ward queues of this circuit; reset every time when writing
    * buffer stats to disk. */
   uint64_t total_cell_waiting_time;
-
-  /** The EWMA count for the number of cells flushed from the
-   * p_conn_cells queue. */
-  cell_ewma_t p_cell_ewma;
 } or_circuit_t;
 
 /** Convert a circuit subtype to a circuit_t. */
-#define TO_CIRCUIT(x)  (&((x)->_base))
+#define TO_CIRCUIT(x)  (&((x)->base_))
 
 /** Convert a circuit_t* to a pointer to the enclosing or_circuit_t.  Assert
  * if the cast is impossible. */
@@ -2930,13 +3249,40 @@ typedef struct port_cfg_t {
   uint8_t isolation_flags; /**< Zero or more isolation flags */
   int session_group; /**< A session group, or -1 if this port is not in a
                       * session group. */
+  /* Socks only: */
+  /** When both no-auth and user/pass are advertised by a SOCKS client, select
+   * no-auth. */
+  unsigned int socks_prefer_no_auth : 1;
 
   /* Server port types (or, dir) only: */
   unsigned int no_advertise : 1;
   unsigned int no_listen : 1;
   unsigned int all_addrs : 1;
-  unsigned int ipv4_only : 1;
-  unsigned int ipv6_only : 1;
+  unsigned int bind_ipv4_only : 1;
+  unsigned int bind_ipv6_only : 1;
+
+  /* Client port types only: */
+  unsigned int ipv4_traffic : 1;
+  unsigned int ipv6_traffic : 1;
+  unsigned int prefer_ipv6 : 1;
+
+  /** For a socks listener: should we cache IPv4/IPv6 DNS information that
+   * exit nodes tell us?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int cache_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int cache_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For a socks listeners: if we find an answer in our client-side DNS cache,
+   * should we use it?
+   *
+   * @{ */
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv4_answers : 1;
+  unsigned int use_cached_ipv6_answers : 1;
+  /** @} */
+  /** For socks listeners: When we can automap an address to IPv4 or IPv6,
+   * do we prefer IPv6? */
+  unsigned int prefer_ipv6_virtaddr : 1;
 
   /* Unix sockets only: */
   /** Path for an AF_UNIX address */
@@ -2972,7 +3318,7 @@ typedef struct routerset_t routerset_t;
 
 /** Configuration options for a Tor process. */
 typedef struct {
-  uint32_t _magic;
+  uint32_t magic_;
 
   /** What should the tor process actually do? */
   enum {
@@ -3014,7 +3360,7 @@ typedef struct {
                                  * ORs not to consider as exits. */
 
   /** Union of ExcludeNodes and ExcludeExitNodes */
-  routerset_t *_ExcludeExitNodesUnion;
+  routerset_t *ExcludeExitNodesUnion_;
 
   int DisableAllSwap; /**< Boolean: Attempt to call mlockall() on our
                        * process for all current and future memory. */
@@ -3022,7 +3368,7 @@ typedef struct {
   /** List of "entry", "middle", "exit", "introduction", "rendezvous". */
   smartlist_t *AllowInvalidNodes;
   /** Bitmask; derived from AllowInvalidNodes. */
-  invalid_router_usage_t _AllowInvalid;
+  invalid_router_usage_t AllowInvalid_;
   config_line_t *ExitPolicy; /**< Lists of exit policy components. */
   int ExitPolicyRejectPrivate; /**< Should we not exit to local addresses? */
   config_line_t *SocksPolicy; /**< Lists of socks policy components */
@@ -3043,7 +3389,11 @@ typedef struct {
   /** Addresses to bind for listening for control connections. */
   config_line_t *ControlListenAddress;
   /** Local address to bind outbound sockets */
-  char *OutboundBindAddress;
+  config_line_t *OutboundBindAddress;
+  /** IPv4 address derived from OutboundBindAddress. */
+  tor_addr_t OutboundBindAddressIPv4_;
+  /** IPv6 address derived from OutboundBindAddress. */
+  tor_addr_t OutboundBindAddressIPv6_;
   /** Directory server only: which versions of
    * Tor should we tell users to run? */
   config_line_t *RecommendedVersions;
@@ -3116,7 +3466,7 @@ typedef struct {
   char *BridgePassword;
   /** If BridgePassword is set, this is a SHA256 digest of the basic http
    * authenticator for it. Used so we can do a time-independent comparison. */
-  char *_BridgePassword_AuthDigest;
+  char *BridgePassword_AuthDigest_;
 
   int UseBridges; /**< Boolean: should we start all circuits with a bridge? */
   config_line_t *Bridges; /**< List of bootstrap bridge addresses. */
@@ -3127,6 +3477,9 @@ typedef struct {
   config_line_t *ServerTransportPlugin; /**< List of client
                                            transport plugins. */
 
+  /** List of TCP/IP addresses that transports should listen at. */
+  config_line_t *ServerTransportListenAddr;
+
   int BridgeRelay; /**< Boolean: are we acting as a bridge relay? We make
                     * this explicit so we can change how we behave in the
                     * future. */
@@ -3142,7 +3495,7 @@ typedef struct {
    * "v1", "v2", "v3", "bridge", or "". */
   smartlist_t *PublishServerDescriptor;
   /** A bitfield of authority types, derived from PublishServerDescriptor. */
-  dirinfo_type_t _PublishServerDescriptor;
+  dirinfo_type_t PublishServerDescriptor_;
   /** Boolean: do we publish hidden service descriptors to the HS auths? */
   int PublishHidServDescriptors;
   int FetchServerDescriptors; /**< Do we fetch server descriptors as normal? */
@@ -3175,7 +3528,7 @@ typedef struct {
   int CloseHSServiceRendCircuitsImmediatelyOnTimeout;
 
   int ConnLimit; /**< Demanded minimum number of simultaneous connections. */
-  int _ConnLimit; /**< Maximum allowed number of simultaneous connections. */
+  int ConnLimit_; /**< Maximum allowed number of simultaneous connections. */
   int RunAsDaemon; /**< If true, run in the background. (Unix only) */
   int FascistFirewall; /**< Whether to prefer ORs reachable on open ports. */
   smartlist_t *FirewallPorts; /**< Which ports our firewall allows
@@ -3234,9 +3587,7 @@ typedef struct {
                              * and try a new circuit if the stream has been
                              * waiting for this many seconds. If zero, use
                              * our default internal timeout schedule. */
-  int MaxOnionsPending; /**< How many circuit CREATE requests do we allow
-                         * to wait simultaneously before we start dropping
-                         * them? */
+  int MaxOnionQueueDelay; /**<DOCDOC*/
   int NewCircuitPeriod; /**< How long do we use a circuit before building
                          * a new one? */
   int MaxCircuitDirtiness; /**< Never use circs that were first used more than
@@ -3288,7 +3639,14 @@ typedef struct {
   /** List of configuration lines for replacement directory authorities.
    * If you just want to replace one class of authority at a time,
    * use the "Alternate*Authority" options below instead. */
-  config_line_t *DirServers;
+  config_line_t *DirAuthorities;
+
+  /** List of fallback directory servers */
+  config_line_t *FallbackDir;
+
+  /** Weight to apply to all directory authority rates if considering them
+   * along with fallbackdirs */
+  double DirAuthorityFallbackRate;
 
   /** If set, use these main (currently v3) directory authorities and
    * not the default ones. */
@@ -3336,6 +3694,7 @@ typedef struct {
   int AuthDirMaxServersPerAuthAddr; /**< Do not permit more than this
                                      * number of servers per IP address shared
                                      * with an authority. */
+  int AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity; /**< Boolean: are we on IPv6?  */
 
   /** If non-zero, always vote the Fast flag for any relay advertising
    * this amount of capacity or more. */
@@ -3378,7 +3737,7 @@ typedef struct {
   /* Derived from SafeLogging */
   enum {
     SAFELOG_SCRUB_ALL, SAFELOG_SCRUB_RELAY, SAFELOG_SCRUB_NONE
-  } _SafeLogging;
+  } SafeLogging_;
 
   int SafeSocks; /**< Boolean: should we outright refuse application
                   * connections that use socks4 or socks5-with-local-dns? */
@@ -3397,6 +3756,10 @@ typedef struct {
   int UseEntryGuards; /**< Boolean: Do we try to enter from a smallish number
                        * of fixed nodes? */
   int NumEntryGuards; /**< How many entry guards do we try to establish? */
+  int UseEntryGuardsAsDirGuards; /** Boolean: Do we try to get directory info
+                                  * from a smallish number of fixed nodes? */
+  int NumDirectoryGuards; /**< How many dir guards do we try to establish?
+                           * If 0, use value from NumEntryGuards. */
   int RephistTrackTime; /**< How many seconds do we keep rephist info? */
   int FastFirstHopPK; /**< If Tor believes it is safe, should we save a third
                        * of our PK time by sending CREATE_FAST cells? */
@@ -3407,8 +3770,10 @@ typedef struct {
   /** Should we fetch our dir info at the start of the consensus period? */
   int FetchDirInfoExtraEarly;
 
-  char *VirtualAddrNetwork; /**< Address and mask to hand out for virtual
-                             * MAPADDRESS requests. */
+  char *VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4; /**< Address and mask to hand out for virtual
+                                 * MAPADDRESS requests for IPv4 addresses */
+  char *VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6; /**< Address and mask to hand out for virtual
+                                 * MAPADDRESS requests for IPv6 addresses */
   int ServerDNSSearchDomains; /**< Boolean: If set, we don't force exit
                       * addresses to be FQDNs, but rather search for them in
                       * the local domains. */
@@ -3502,6 +3867,13 @@ typedef struct {
    * over randomly chosen exits. */
   int ClientRejectInternalAddresses;
 
+  /** If true, clients may connect over IPv6. XXX we don't really
+      enforce this -- clients _may_ set up outgoing IPv6 connections
+      even when this option is not set. */
+  int ClientUseIPv6;
+  /** If true, prefer an IPv6 OR port over an IPv4 one. */
+  int ClientPreferIPv6ORPort;
+
   /** The length of time that we think a consensus should be fresh. */
   int V3AuthVotingInterval;
   /** The length of time we think it will take to distribute votes. */
@@ -3522,6 +3894,10 @@ typedef struct {
    * consensus vote on the 'params' line. */
   char *ConsensusParams;
 
+  /** Authority only: minimum number of measured bandwidths we must see
+   * before we only beliee measured bandwidths to assign flags. */
+  int MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised;
+
   /** The length of time that we think an initial consensus should be fresh.
    * Only altered on testing networks. */
   int TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval;
@@ -3549,17 +3925,25 @@ typedef struct {
    * of certain configuration options. */
   int TestingTorNetwork;
 
-  /** File to check for a consensus networkstatus, if we don't have one
-   * cached. */
-  char *FallbackNetworkstatusFile;
+  /** Minimum value for the Exit flag threshold on testing networks. */
+  uint64_t TestingMinExitFlagThreshold;
+
+  /** Minimum value for the Fast flag threshold on testing networks. */
+  uint64_t TestingMinFastFlagThreshold;
 
   /** If true, and we have GeoIP data, and we're a bridge, keep a per-country
    * count of how many client addresses have contacted us so that we can help
    * the bridge authority guess which countries have blocked access to us. */
   int BridgeRecordUsageByCountry;
 
-  /** Optionally, a file with GeoIP data. */
+  /** Optionally, IPv4 and IPv6 GeoIP data. */
   char *GeoIPFile;
+  char *GeoIPv6File;
+
+  /** Autobool: if auto, then any attempt to Exclude{Exit,}Nodes a particular
+   * country code will exclude all nodes in ?? and A1.  If true, all nodes in
+   * ?? and A1 are excluded. Has no effect if we don't know any GeoIP data. */
+  int GeoIPExcludeUnknown;
 
   /** If true, SIGHUP should reload the torrc.  Sometimes controllers want
    * to make this false. */
@@ -3583,13 +3967,13 @@ typedef struct {
   /** If true, do not enable IOCP on windows with bufferevents, even if
    * we think we could. */
   int DisableIOCP;
-  /** For testing only: will go away in 0.2.3.x. */
-  int _UseFilteringSSLBufferevents;
+  /** For testing only: will go away eventually. */
+  int UseFilteringSSLBufferevents;
 
   /** Set to true if the TestingTorNetwork configuration option is set.
    * This is used so that options_validate() has a chance to realize that
    * the defaults have changed. */
-  int _UsingTestNetworkDefaults;
+  int UsingTestNetworkDefaults_;
 
   /** If 1, we try to use microdescriptors to build circuits.  If 0, we don't.
    * If -1, Tor decides. */
@@ -3621,19 +4005,94 @@ typedef struct {
   /**
    * Parameters for path-bias detection.
    * @{
+   * These options override the default behavior of Tor's (**currently
+   * experimental**) path bias detection algorithm. To try to find broken or
+   * misbehaving guard nodes, Tor looks for nodes where more than a certain
+   * fraction of circuits through that guard fail to get built.
+   *
+   * The PathBiasCircThreshold option controls how many circuits we need to
+   * build through a guard before we make these checks.  The
+   * PathBiasNoticeRate, PathBiasWarnRate and PathBiasExtremeRate options
+   * control what fraction of circuits must succeed through a guard so we
+   * won't write log messages.  If less than PathBiasExtremeRate circuits
+   * succeed *and* PathBiasDropGuards is set to 1, we disable use of that
+   * guard.
+   *
+   * When we have seen more than PathBiasScaleThreshold circuits through a
+   * guard, we scale our observations by 0.5 (governed by the consensus) so
+   * that new observations don't get swamped by old ones.
+   *
+   * By default, or if a negative value is provided for one of these options,
+   * Tor uses reasonable defaults from the networkstatus consensus document.
+   * If no defaults are available there, these options default to 150, .70,
+   * .50, .30, 0, and 300 respectively.
    */
   int PathBiasCircThreshold;
   double PathBiasNoticeRate;
-  double PathBiasDisableRate;
+  double PathBiasWarnRate;
+  double PathBiasExtremeRate;
+  int PathBiasDropGuards;
   int PathBiasScaleThreshold;
-  int PathBiasScaleFactor;
   /** @} */
 
+  /**
+   * Parameters for path-bias use detection
+   * @{
+   * Similar to the above options, these options override the default behavior
+   * of Tor's (**currently experimental**) path use bias detection algorithm.
+   *
+   * Where as the path bias parameters govern thresholds for successfully
+   * building circuits, these four path use bias parameters govern thresholds
+   * only for circuit usage. Circuits which receive no stream usage are not
+   * counted by this detection algorithm. A used circuit is considered
+   * successful if it is capable of carrying streams or otherwise receiving
+   * well-formed responses to RELAY cells.
+   *
+   * By default, or if a negative value is provided for one of these options,
+   * Tor uses reasonable defaults from the networkstatus consensus document.
+   * If no defaults are available there, these options default to 20, .80,
+   * .60, and 100, respectively.
+   */
+  int PathBiasUseThreshold;
+  double PathBiasNoticeUseRate;
+  double PathBiasExtremeUseRate;
+  int PathBiasScaleUseThreshold;
+  /** @} */
+
+  int IPv6Exit; /**< Do we support exiting to IPv6 addresses? */
+
+  char *TLSECGroup; /**< One of "P256", "P224", or nil for auto */
+
+  /** Autobool: should we use the ntor handshake if we can? */
+  int UseNTorHandshake;
+
+  /** Fraction: */
+  double PathsNeededToBuildCircuits;
+
+  /** Do we serve v2 directory info at all?  This is a temporary option, since
+   * we'd like to disable v2 directory serving entirely, but we need a way to
+   * make it temporarily disableable, in order to do fast testing and be
+   * able to turn it back on if it turns out to be non-workable.
+   *
+   * XXXX025 Make this always-on, or always-off.  Right now, it's only
+   * enableable for authorities.
+   */
+  int DisableV2DirectoryInfo_;
+
+  /** What expiry time shall we place on our SSL certs? "0" means we
+   * should guess a suitable value. */
+  int SSLKeyLifetime;
+
+  /** How long (seconds) do we keep a guard before picking a new one? */
+  int GuardLifetime;
+
+  /** Should we send the timestamps that pre-023 hidden services want? */
+  int Support022HiddenServices;
 } or_options_t;
 
 /** Persistent state for an onion router, as saved to disk. */
 typedef struct {
-  uint32_t _magic;
+  uint32_t magic_;
   /** The time at which we next plan to write the state to the disk.  Equal to
    * TIME_MAX if there are no savable changes, 0 if there are changes that
    * should be saved right away. */
@@ -3753,6 +4212,10 @@ struct socks_request_t {
                               * make sure we send back a socks reply for
                               * every connection. */
   unsigned int got_auth : 1; /**< Have we received any authentication data? */
+  /** If this is set, we will choose "no authentication" instead of
+   * "username/password" authentication if both are offered. Used as input to
+   * parse_socks. */
+  unsigned int socks_prefer_no_auth : 1;
 
   /** Number of bytes in username; 0 if username is NULL */
   size_t usernamelen;
@@ -4060,7 +4523,7 @@ typedef enum {
 typedef struct measured_bw_line_t {
   char node_id[DIGEST_LEN];
   char node_hex[MAX_HEX_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
-  long int bw;
+  long int bw_kb;
 } measured_bw_line_t;
 
 #endif
@@ -4082,15 +4545,6 @@ typedef struct vote_timing_t {
 
 /********************************* geoip.c **************************/
 
-/** Round all GeoIP results to the next multiple of this value, to avoid
- * leaking information. */
-#define DIR_RECORD_USAGE_GRANULARITY 8
-/** Time interval: Flush geoip data to disk this often. */
-#define DIR_ENTRY_RECORD_USAGE_RETAIN_IPS (24*60*60)
-/** How long do we have to have observed per-country request history before
- * we are willing to talk about it? */
-#define DIR_RECORD_USAGE_MIN_OBSERVATION_TIME (12*60*60)
-
 /** Indicates an action that we might be noting geoip statistics on.
  * Note that if we're noticing CONNECT, we're a bridge, and if we're noticing
  * the others, we're not.
@@ -4145,10 +4599,10 @@ typedef enum {
   /** Flushed last cell from queue of the circuit that initiated a
     * tunneled request to the outbuf of the OR connection. */
   DIRREQ_CIRC_QUEUE_FLUSHED = 3,
-  /** Flushed last byte from buffer of the OR connection belonging to the
+  /** Flushed last byte from buffer of the channel belonging to the
     * circuit that initiated a tunneled request; completes a tunneled
     * request. */
-  DIRREQ_OR_CONN_BUFFER_FLUSHED = 4
+  DIRREQ_CHANNEL_BUFFER_FLUSHED = 4
 } dirreq_state_t;
 
 #define WRITE_STATS_INTERVAL (24*60*60)
@@ -4239,12 +4693,12 @@ typedef struct rend_encoded_v2_service_descriptor_t {
  * sooner.)
  *
  * XXX023 Should this be configurable? */
-#define INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MIN_SECONDS 18*60*60
+#define INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MIN_SECONDS (18*60*60)
 /** The maximum number of seconds that an introduction point will last
  * before expiring due to old age.
  *
  * XXX023 Should this be configurable? */
-#define INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MAX_SECONDS 24*60*60
+#define INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MAX_SECONDS (24*60*60)
 
 /** Introduction point information.  Used both in rend_service_t (on
  * the service side) and in rend_service_descriptor_t (on both the
@@ -4275,12 +4729,15 @@ typedef struct rend_intro_point_t {
    * intro point. */
   unsigned int rend_service_note_removing_intro_point_called : 1;
 
-  /** (Service side only) A digestmap recording the INTRODUCE2 cells
-   * this intro point's circuit has received.  Each key is the digest
-   * of the RSA-encrypted part of a received INTRODUCE2 cell; each
-   * value is a pointer to the time_t at which the cell was received.
-   * This digestmap is used to prevent replay attacks. */
-  digestmap_t *accepted_intro_rsa_parts;
+  /** (Service side only) A replay cache recording the RSA-encrypted parts
+   * of INTRODUCE2 cells this intro point's circuit has received.  This is
+   * used to prevent replay attacks. */
+  replaycache_t *accepted_intro_rsa_parts;
+
+  /** (Service side only) Count of INTRODUCE2 cells accepted from this
+   * intro point.
+   */
+  int accepted_introduce2_count;
 
   /** (Service side only) The time at which this intro point was first
    * published, or -1 if this intro point has not yet been
@@ -4336,19 +4793,23 @@ typedef struct rend_cache_entry_t {
 
 /********************************* routerlist.c ***************************/
 
-/** Represents information about a single trusted directory server. */
-typedef struct trusted_dir_server_t {
+/** Represents information about a single trusted or fallback directory
+ * server. */
+typedef struct dir_server_t {
   char *description;
   char *nickname;
   char *address; /**< Hostname. */
   uint32_t addr; /**< IPv4 address. */
   uint16_t dir_port; /**< Directory port. */
   uint16_t or_port; /**< OR port: Used for tunneling connections. */
+  double weight; /** Weight used when selecting this node at random */
   char digest[DIGEST_LEN]; /**< Digest of identity key. */
   char v3_identity_digest[DIGEST_LEN]; /**< Digest of v3 (authority only,
                                         * high-security) identity key. */
 
   unsigned int is_running:1; /**< True iff we think this server is running. */
+  unsigned int is_authority:1; /**< True iff this is a directory authority
+                                * of some kind. */
 
   /** True iff this server has accepted the most recent server descriptor
    * we tried to upload to it. */
@@ -4367,7 +4828,7 @@ typedef struct trusted_dir_server_t {
                                * as a routerstatus_t.  Not updated by the
                                * router-status management code!
                                **/
-} trusted_dir_server_t;
+} dir_server_t;
 
 #define ROUTER_REQUIRED_MIN_BANDWIDTH (20*1024)
 
@@ -4403,7 +4864,11 @@ typedef struct trusted_dir_server_t {
 #define PDS_NO_EXISTING_SERVERDESC_FETCH (1<<3)
 #define PDS_NO_EXISTING_MICRODESC_FETCH (1<<4)
 
-#define _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS (1<<16)
+/** This node is to be chosen as a directory guard, so don't choose any
+ * node that's currently a guard. */
+#define PDS_FOR_GUARD (1<<5)
+
+#define PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_ (1<<16)
 
 /** Possible ways to weight routers when choosing one randomly.  See
  * routerlist_sl_choose_by_bandwidth() for more information.*/
diff --git a/src/or/policies.c b/src/or/policies.c
index 81e4809687..be4da55061 100644
--- a/src/or/policies.c
+++ b/src/or/policies.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ typedef struct policy_summary_item_t {
 static const char *private_nets[] = {
   "0.0.0.0/8", "169.254.0.0/16",
   "127.0.0.0/8", "192.168.0.0/16", "10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12",
-  // "fc00::/7", "fe80::/10", "fec0::/10", "::/127",
-  NULL };
+  "[::]/8",
+  "[fc00::]/7", "[fe80::]/10", "[fec0::]/10", "[ff00::]/8", "[::]/127",
+  NULL
+};
 
 /** Replace all "private" entries in *<b>policy</b> with their expanded
  * equivalents. */
@@ -87,7 +89,8 @@ policy_expand_private(smartlist_t **policy)
        memcpy(&newpolicy, p, sizeof(addr_policy_t));
        newpolicy.is_private = 0;
        newpolicy.is_canonical = 0;
-       if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(private_nets[i], &newpolicy.addr,
+       if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(private_nets[i], 0,
+                               &newpolicy.addr,
                                &newpolicy.maskbits, &port_min, &port_max)<0) {
          tor_assert(0);
        }
@@ -100,6 +103,49 @@ policy_expand_private(smartlist_t **policy)
   *policy = tmp;
 }
 
+/** Expand each of the AF_UNSPEC elements in *<b>policy</b> (which indicate
+ * protocol-neutral wildcards) into a pair of wildcard elements: one IPv4-
+ * specific and one IPv6-specific. */
+void
+policy_expand_unspec(smartlist_t **policy)
+{
+  smartlist_t *tmp;
+  if (!*policy)
+    return;
+
+  tmp = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(*policy, addr_policy_t *, p) {
+    sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(&p->addr);
+    if (family == AF_INET6 || family == AF_INET || p->is_private) {
+      smartlist_add(tmp, p);
+    } else if (family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+      addr_policy_t newpolicy_ipv4;
+      addr_policy_t newpolicy_ipv6;
+      memcpy(&newpolicy_ipv4, p, sizeof(addr_policy_t));
+      memcpy(&newpolicy_ipv6, p, sizeof(addr_policy_t));
+      newpolicy_ipv4.is_canonical = 0;
+      newpolicy_ipv6.is_canonical = 0;
+      if (p->maskbits != 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "AF_UNSPEC policy with maskbits==%d", p->maskbits);
+        newpolicy_ipv4.maskbits = 0;
+        newpolicy_ipv6.maskbits = 0;
+      }
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&newpolicy_ipv4.addr, 0);
+      tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&newpolicy_ipv6.addr,
+                               "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+      smartlist_add(tmp, addr_policy_get_canonical_entry(&newpolicy_ipv4));
+      smartlist_add(tmp, addr_policy_get_canonical_entry(&newpolicy_ipv6));
+      addr_policy_free(p);
+    } else {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Funny-looking address policy with family %d", family);
+      smartlist_add(tmp, p);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(p);
+
+  smartlist_free(*policy);
+  *policy = tmp;
+}
+
 /**
  * Given a linked list of config lines containing "allow" and "deny"
  * tokens, parse them and append the result to <b>dest</b>. Return -1
@@ -144,6 +190,7 @@ parse_addr_policy(config_line_t *cfg, smartlist_t **dest,
     addr_policy_list_free(result);
   } else {
     policy_expand_private(&result);
+    policy_expand_unspec(&result);
 
     if (*dest) {
       smartlist_add_all(*dest, result);
@@ -319,11 +366,15 @@ addr_is_in_cc_list(uint32_t addr, const smartlist_t *cc_list)
 {
   country_t country;
   const char *name;
+  tor_addr_t tar;
+
   if (!cc_list)
     return 0;
-  country = geoip_get_country_by_ip(addr);
+  /* XXXXipv6 */
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&tar, addr);
+  country = geoip_get_country_by_addr(&tar);
   name = geoip_get_country_name(country);
-  return smartlist_string_isin_case(cc_list, name);
+  return smartlist_contains_string_case(cc_list, name);
 }
 
 /** Return 1 if <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> is permitted to publish to our
@@ -386,6 +437,7 @@ validate_addr_policies(const or_options_t *options, char **msg)
   *msg = NULL;
 
   if (policies_parse_exit_policy(options->ExitPolicy, &addr_policy,
+                                 options->IPv6Exit,
                                  options->ExitPolicyRejectPrivate, NULL,
                                  !options->BridgeRelay))
     REJECT("Error in ExitPolicy entry.");
@@ -730,6 +782,10 @@ compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
 static int
 addr_policy_covers(addr_policy_t *a, addr_policy_t *b)
 {
+  if (tor_addr_family(&a->addr) != tor_addr_family(&b->addr)) {
+    /* You can't cover a different family. */
+    return 0;
+  }
   /* We can ignore accept/reject, since "accept *:80, reject *:80" reduces
    * to "accept *:80". */
   if (a->maskbits > b->maskbits) {
@@ -781,24 +837,54 @@ append_exit_policy_string(smartlist_t **policy, const char *more)
   }
 }
 
+/** Add "reject <b>addr</b>:*" to <b>dest</b>, creating the list as needed. */
+void
+addr_policy_append_reject_addr(smartlist_t **dest, const tor_addr_t *addr)
+{
+  addr_policy_t p, *add;
+  memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  p.policy_type = ADDR_POLICY_REJECT;
+  p.maskbits = tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6 ? 128 : 32;
+  tor_addr_copy(&p.addr, addr);
+  p.prt_min = 1;
+  p.prt_max = 65535;
+
+  add = addr_policy_get_canonical_entry(&p);
+  if (!*dest)
+    *dest = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_add(*dest, add);
+}
+
 /** Detect and excise "dead code" from the policy *<b>dest</b>. */
 static void
 exit_policy_remove_redundancies(smartlist_t *dest)
 {
-  addr_policy_t *ap, *tmp, *victim;
+  addr_policy_t *ap, *tmp;
   int i, j;
 
-  /* Step one: find a *:* entry and cut off everything after it. */
-  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(dest); ++i) {
-    ap = smartlist_get(dest, i);
-    if (ap->maskbits == 0 && ap->prt_min <= 1 && ap->prt_max >= 65535) {
-      /* This is a catch-all line -- later lines are unreachable. */
-      while (i+1 < smartlist_len(dest)) {
-        victim = smartlist_get(dest, i+1);
-        smartlist_del(dest, i+1);
-        addr_policy_free(victim);
+  /* Step one: kill every ipv4 thing after *4:*, every IPv6 thing after *6:*
+   */
+  {
+    int kill_v4=0, kill_v6=0;
+    for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(dest); ++i) {
+      sa_family_t family;
+      ap = smartlist_get(dest, i);
+      family = tor_addr_family(&ap->addr);
+      if ((family == AF_INET && kill_v4) ||
+          (family == AF_INET6 && kill_v6)) {
+        smartlist_del_keeporder(dest, i--);
+        addr_policy_free(ap);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (ap->maskbits == 0 && ap->prt_min <= 1 && ap->prt_max >= 65535) {
+        /* This is a catch-all line -- later lines are unreachable. */
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+          kill_v4 = 1;
+        } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+          kill_v6 = 1;
+        }
       }
-      break;
     }
   }
 
@@ -813,7 +899,7 @@ exit_policy_remove_redundancies(smartlist_t *dest)
         char p1[POLICY_BUF_LEN], p2[POLICY_BUF_LEN];
         policy_write_item(p1, sizeof(p1), tmp, 0);
         policy_write_item(p2, sizeof(p2), ap, 0);
-        log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_CONFIG, "Removing exit policy %s (%d).  It is made "
+        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Removing exit policy %s (%d).  It is made "
             "redundant by %s (%d).", p1, j, p2, i);
         smartlist_del_keeporder(dest, j--);
         addr_policy_free(tmp);
@@ -842,7 +928,7 @@ exit_policy_remove_redundancies(smartlist_t *dest)
           char p1[POLICY_BUF_LEN], p2[POLICY_BUF_LEN];
           policy_write_item(p1, sizeof(p1), ap, 0);
           policy_write_item(p2, sizeof(p2), tmp, 0);
-          log(LOG_DEBUG, LD_CONFIG, "Removing exit policy %s.  It is already "
+          log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Removing exit policy %s.  It is already "
               "covered by %s.", p1, p2);
           smartlist_del_keeporder(dest, i--);
           addr_policy_free(ap);
@@ -864,12 +950,20 @@ exit_policy_remove_redundancies(smartlist_t *dest)
  * policy afterwards. If <b>rejectprivate</b> is true, prepend
  * "reject private:*" to the policy. Return -1 if we can't parse cfg,
  * else return 0.
+ *
+ * This function is used to parse the exit policy from our torrc. For
+ * the functions used to parse the exit policy from a router descriptor,
+ * see router_add_exit_policy.
  */
 int
 policies_parse_exit_policy(config_line_t *cfg, smartlist_t **dest,
+                           int ipv6_exit,
                            int rejectprivate, const char *local_address,
                            int add_default_policy)
 {
+  if (!ipv6_exit) {
+    append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *6:*");
+  }
   if (rejectprivate) {
     append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject private:*");
     if (local_address) {
@@ -880,10 +974,12 @@ policies_parse_exit_policy(config_line_t *cfg, smartlist_t **dest,
   }
   if (parse_addr_policy(cfg, dest, -1))
     return -1;
-  if (add_default_policy)
+  if (add_default_policy) {
     append_exit_policy_string(dest, DEFAULT_EXIT_POLICY);
-  else
-    append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *:*");
+  } else {
+    append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *4:*");
+    append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *6:*");
+  }
   exit_policy_remove_redundancies(*dest);
 
   return 0;
@@ -894,7 +990,8 @@ policies_parse_exit_policy(config_line_t *cfg, smartlist_t **dest,
 void
 policies_exit_policy_append_reject_star(smartlist_t **dest)
 {
-  append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *:*");
+  append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *4:*");
+  append_exit_policy_string(dest, "reject *6:*");
 }
 
 /** Replace the exit policy of <b>node</b> with reject *:* */
@@ -970,18 +1067,23 @@ exit_policy_is_general_exit(smartlist_t *policy)
 /** Return false if <b>policy</b> might permit access to some addr:port;
  * otherwise if we are certain it rejects everything, return true. */
 int
-policy_is_reject_star(const smartlist_t *policy)
+policy_is_reject_star(const smartlist_t *policy, sa_family_t family)
 {
   if (!policy) /*XXXX disallow NULL policies? */
     return 1;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(policy, addr_policy_t *, p, {
-    if (p->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT)
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(policy, addr_policy_t *, p) {
+    if (p->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT &&
+        (tor_addr_family(&p->addr) == family ||
+         tor_addr_family(&p->addr) == AF_UNSPEC)) {
       return 0;
-    else if (p->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_REJECT &&
-             p->prt_min <= 1 && p->prt_max == 65535 &&
-             p->maskbits == 0)
+    } else if (p->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_REJECT &&
+               p->prt_min <= 1 && p->prt_max == 65535 &&
+               p->maskbits == 0 &&
+               (tor_addr_family(&p->addr) == family ||
+                tor_addr_family(&p->addr) == AF_UNSPEC)) {
       return 1;
-  });
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(p);
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -996,20 +1098,28 @@ policy_write_item(char *buf, size_t buflen, addr_policy_t *policy,
   const char *addrpart;
   int result;
   const int is_accept = policy->policy_type == ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT;
-  const int is_ip6 = tor_addr_family(&policy->addr) == AF_INET6;
+  const sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(&policy->addr);
+  const int is_ip6 = (family == AF_INET6);
 
   tor_addr_to_str(addrbuf, &policy->addr, sizeof(addrbuf), 1);
 
   /* write accept/reject 1.2.3.4 */
-  if (policy->is_private)
+  if (policy->is_private) {
     addrpart = "private";
-  else if (policy->maskbits == 0)
-    addrpart = "*";
-  else
+  } else if (policy->maskbits == 0) {
+    if (format_for_desc)
+      addrpart = "*";
+    else if (family == AF_INET6)
+      addrpart = "*6";
+    else if (family == AF_INET)
+      addrpart = "*4";
+    else
+      addrpart = "*";
+  } else {
     addrpart = addrbuf;
+  }
 
-  result = tor_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s%s%s %s",
-                        (is_ip6&&format_for_desc)?"opt ":"",
+  result = tor_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s%s %s",
                         is_accept ? "accept" : "reject",
                         (is_ip6&&format_for_desc)?"6":"",
                         addrpart);
@@ -1189,8 +1299,8 @@ policy_summary_add_item(smartlist_t *summary, addr_policy_t *p)
      for (i = 0; private_nets[i]; ++i) {
        tor_addr_t addr;
        maskbits_t maskbits;
-       if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(private_nets[i], &addr,
-                                  &maskbits, NULL, NULL)<0) {
+       if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(private_nets[i], 0, &addr,
+                                     &maskbits, NULL, NULL)<0) {
          tor_assert(0);
        }
        if (tor_addr_compare(&p->addr, &addr, CMP_EXACT) == 0 &&
@@ -1216,7 +1326,7 @@ policy_summary_add_item(smartlist_t *summary, addr_policy_t *p)
  * is an exception to the shorter-representation-wins rule).
  */
 char *
-policy_summarize(smartlist_t *policy)
+policy_summarize(smartlist_t *policy, sa_family_t family)
 {
   smartlist_t *summary = policy_summary_create();
   smartlist_t *accepts, *rejects;
@@ -1228,9 +1338,16 @@ policy_summarize(smartlist_t *policy)
   tor_assert(policy);
 
   /* Create the summary list */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(policy, addr_policy_t *, p, {
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(policy, addr_policy_t *, p) {
+    sa_family_t f = tor_addr_family(&p->addr);
+    if (f != AF_INET && f != AF_INET6) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Weird family when summarizing address policy");
+    }
+    if (f != family)
+      continue;
+    /* XXXX-ipv6 More family work is needed */
     policy_summary_add_item(summary, p);
-  });
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(p);
 
   /* Now create two lists of strings, one for accepted and one
    * for rejected ports.  We take care to merge ranges so that
@@ -1517,7 +1634,7 @@ short_policy_is_reject_star(const short_policy_t *policy)
           policy->entries[0].max_port == 65535);
 }
 
-/** Decides whether addr:port is probably or definitely accepted or rejcted by
+/** Decide whether addr:port is probably or definitely accepted or rejected by
  * <b>node</b>.  See compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy for details on addr/port
  * interpretation. */
 addr_policy_result_t
@@ -1527,16 +1644,29 @@ compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
   if (node->rejects_all)
     return ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED;
 
-  if (node->ri)
+  if (addr && tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6) {
+    const short_policy_t *p = NULL;
+    if (node->ri)
+      p = node->ri->ipv6_exit_policy;
+    else if (node->md)
+      p = node->md->ipv6_exit_policy;
+    if (p)
+      return compare_tor_addr_to_short_policy(addr, port, p);
+    else
+      return ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED;
+  }
+
+  if (node->ri) {
     return compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, port, node->ri->exit_policy);
-  else if (node->md) {
+  } else if (node->md) {
     if (node->md->exit_policy == NULL)
       return ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED;
     else
       return compare_tor_addr_to_short_policy(addr, port,
                                               node->md->exit_policy);
-  } else
+  } else {
     return ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_REJECTED;
+  }
 }
 
 /** Implementation for GETINFO control command: knows the answer for questions
diff --git a/src/or/policies.h b/src/or/policies.h
index f00d8299b8..facbbb6b5a 100644
--- a/src/or/policies.h
+++ b/src/or/policies.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@
  * \brief Header file for policies.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_POLICIES_H
-#define _TOR_POLICIES_H
+#ifndef TOR_POLICIES_H
+#define TOR_POLICIES_H
 
-/* (length of "accept 255.255.255.255/255.255.255.255:65535-65535\n" plus a
- * NUL.)
+/* (length of
+ * "accept6 [ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff]/128:65535-65535\n"
+ * plus a terminating NUL, rounded up to a nice number.)
  */
-#define POLICY_BUF_LEN 52
+#define POLICY_BUF_LEN 72
 
 int firewall_is_fascist_or(void);
 int fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ int authdir_policy_badexit_address(uint32_t addr, uint16_t port);
 
 int validate_addr_policies(const or_options_t *options, char **msg);
 void policy_expand_private(smartlist_t **policy);
+void policy_expand_unspec(smartlist_t **policy);
 int policies_parse_from_options(const or_options_t *options);
 
 addr_policy_t *addr_policy_get_canonical_entry(addr_policy_t *ent);
@@ -42,12 +44,15 @@ addr_policy_result_t compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(const tor_addr_t *addr,
                               uint16_t port, const node_t *node);
 
 int policies_parse_exit_policy(config_line_t *cfg, smartlist_t **dest,
+                               int ipv6exit,
                                int rejectprivate, const char *local_address,
                                int add_default_policy);
 void policies_exit_policy_append_reject_star(smartlist_t **dest);
+void addr_policy_append_reject_addr(smartlist_t **dest,
+                                    const tor_addr_t *addr);
 void policies_set_node_exitpolicy_to_reject_all(node_t *exitrouter);
 int exit_policy_is_general_exit(smartlist_t *policy);
-int policy_is_reject_star(const smartlist_t *policy);
+int policy_is_reject_star(const smartlist_t *policy, sa_family_t family);
 int getinfo_helper_policies(control_connection_t *conn,
                             const char *question, char **answer,
                             const char **errmsg);
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ void addr_policy_list_free(smartlist_t *p);
 void addr_policy_free(addr_policy_t *p);
 void policies_free_all(void);
 
-char *policy_summarize(smartlist_t *policy);
+char *policy_summarize(smartlist_t *policy, sa_family_t family);
 
 short_policy_t *parse_short_policy(const char *summary);
 char *write_short_policy(const short_policy_t *policy);
diff --git a/src/or/reasons.c b/src/or/reasons.c
index c51d8ee6f5..0674474e72 100644
--- a/src/or/reasons.c
+++ b/src/or/reasons.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -105,7 +105,12 @@ stream_end_reason_to_socks5_response(int reason)
     case END_STREAM_REASON_DESTROY:
       return SOCKS5_GENERAL_ERROR;
     case END_STREAM_REASON_DONE:
-      return SOCKS5_SUCCEEDED;
+      /* Note that 'DONE' usually indicates a successful close from the other
+       * side of the stream... but if we receive it before a connected cell --
+       * that is, before we have sent a SOCKS reply -- that means that the
+       * other side of the circuit closed the connection before telling us it
+       * was complete. */
+      return SOCKS5_CONNECTION_REFUSED;
     case END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT:
       return SOCKS5_TTL_EXPIRED;
     case END_STREAM_REASON_NOROUTE:
@@ -169,11 +174,12 @@ errno_to_stream_end_reason(int e)
     S_CASE(ENOTSOCK):
     S_CASE(EPROTONOSUPPORT):
     S_CASE(EAFNOSUPPORT):
-    E_CASE(EACCES):
     S_CASE(ENOTCONN):
-    S_CASE(ENETUNREACH):
       return END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL;
+    S_CASE(ENETUNREACH):
     S_CASE(EHOSTUNREACH):
+    E_CASE(EACCES):
+    case EPERM:
       return END_STREAM_REASON_NOROUTE;
     S_CASE(ECONNREFUSED):
       return END_STREAM_REASON_CONNECTREFUSED;
@@ -300,8 +306,13 @@ errno_to_orconn_end_reason(int e)
 const char *
 circuit_end_reason_to_control_string(int reason)
 {
-  if (reason >= 0 && reason & END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE)
+  int is_remote = 0;
+
+  if (reason >= 0 && reason & END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE) {
     reason &= ~END_CIRC_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
+    is_remote = 1;
+  }
+
   switch (reason) {
     case END_CIRC_AT_ORIGIN:
       /* This shouldn't get passed here; it's a catch-all reason. */
@@ -323,8 +334,8 @@ circuit_end_reason_to_control_string(int reason)
       return "CONNECTFAILED";
     case END_CIRC_REASON_OR_IDENTITY:
       return "OR_IDENTITY";
-    case END_CIRC_REASON_OR_CONN_CLOSED:
-      return "OR_CONN_CLOSED";
+    case END_CIRC_REASON_CHANNEL_CLOSED:
+      return "CHANNEL_CLOSED";
     case END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED:
       return "FINISHED";
     case END_CIRC_REASON_TIMEOUT:
@@ -338,7 +349,18 @@ circuit_end_reason_to_control_string(int reason)
     case END_CIRC_REASON_MEASUREMENT_EXPIRED:
       return "MEASUREMENT_EXPIRED";
     default:
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unrecognized reason code %d", (int)reason);
+      if (is_remote) {
+        /*
+         * If it's remote, it's not a bug *here*, so don't use LD_BUG, but
+         * do note that the someone we're talking to is speaking the Tor
+         * protocol with a weird accent.
+         */
+        log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
+                 "Remote server sent bogus reason code %d", reason);
+      } else {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG,
+                 "Unrecognized reason code %d", reason);
+      }
       return NULL;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/or/reasons.h b/src/or/reasons.h
index 377b61b113..fe7e67722a 100644
--- a/src/or/reasons.h
+++ b/src/or/reasons.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for reasons.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_REASONS_H
-#define _TOR_REASONS_H
+#ifndef TOR_REASONS_H
+#define TOR_REASONS_H
 
 const char *stream_end_reason_to_control_string(int reason);
 const char *stream_end_reason_to_string(int reason);
diff --git a/src/or/relay.c b/src/or/relay.c
index a193ad8431..7f06c6e145 100644
--- a/src/or/relay.c
+++ b/src/or/relay.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
  *    receiving from circuits, plus queuing on circuits.
  **/
 
-#include <math.h>
 #define RELAY_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
+#include "channel.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuituse.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "mempool.h"
 #include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
+#include "onion.h"
 #include "policies.h"
 #include "reasons.h"
 #include "relay.h"
@@ -51,6 +54,10 @@ static int circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *conn,
 static int circuit_consider_stop_edge_reading(circuit_t *circ,
                                               crypt_path_t *layer_hint);
 static int circuit_queue_streams_are_blocked(circuit_t *circ);
+static void adjust_exit_policy_from_exitpolicy_failure(origin_circuit_t *circ,
+                                                  entry_connection_t *conn,
+                                                  node_t *node,
+                                                  const tor_addr_t *addr);
 
 /** Stop reading on edge connections when we have this many cells
  * waiting on the appropriate queue. */
@@ -68,6 +75,9 @@ uint64_t stats_n_relay_cells_relayed = 0;
  */
 uint64_t stats_n_relay_cells_delivered = 0;
 
+/** Used to tell which stream to read from first on a circuit. */
+static tor_weak_rng_t stream_choice_rng = TOR_WEAK_RNG_INIT;
+
 /** Update digest from the payload of cell. Assign integrity part to
  * cell.
  */
@@ -166,7 +176,7 @@ int
 circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
                            cell_direction_t cell_direction)
 {
-  or_connection_t *or_conn=NULL;
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
   crypt_path_t *layer_hint=NULL;
   char recognized=0;
   int reason;
@@ -184,7 +194,17 @@ circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
   }
 
   if (recognized) {
-    edge_connection_t *conn = relay_lookup_conn(circ, cell, cell_direction,
+    edge_connection_t *conn = NULL;
+
+    if (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING) {
+      pathbias_check_probe_response(circ, cell);
+
+      /* We need to drop this cell no matter what to avoid code that expects
+       * a certain purpose (such as the hidserv code). */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    conn = relay_lookup_conn(circ, cell, cell_direction,
                                                 layer_hint);
     if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
       ++stats_n_relay_cells_delivered;
@@ -213,24 +233,32 @@ circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
   /* not recognized. pass it on. */
   if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
     cell->circ_id = circ->n_circ_id; /* switch it */
-    or_conn = circ->n_conn;
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
   } else if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
     cell->circ_id = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_circ_id; /* switch it */
-    or_conn = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn;
+    chan = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan;
   } else {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_OR,
            "Dropping unrecognized inbound cell on origin circuit.");
-    return 0;
+    /* If we see unrecognized cells on path bias testing circs,
+     * it's bad mojo. Those circuits need to die.
+     * XXX: Shouldn't they always die? */
+    if (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING) {
+      TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED;
+      return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (!or_conn) {
+  if (!chan) {
     // XXXX Can this splice stuff be done more cleanly?
     if (! CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) &&
         TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->rend_splice &&
         cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
       or_circuit_t *splice = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->rend_splice;
       tor_assert(circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_ESTABLISHED);
-      tor_assert(splice->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_ESTABLISHED);
+      tor_assert(splice->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_ESTABLISHED);
       cell->circ_id = splice->p_circ_id;
       cell->command = CELL_RELAY; /* can't be relay_early anyway */
       if ((reason = circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell, TO_CIRCUIT(splice),
@@ -254,7 +282,7 @@ circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
                                   * we might kill the circ before we relay
                                   * the cells. */
 
-  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, or_conn, cell, cell_direction, 0);
+  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, chan, cell, cell_direction, 0);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -351,15 +379,22 @@ relay_crypt(circuit_t *circ, cell_t *cell, cell_direction_t cell_direction,
 static int
 circuit_package_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
                            cell_direction_t cell_direction,
-                           crypt_path_t *layer_hint, streamid_t on_stream)
+                           crypt_path_t *layer_hint, streamid_t on_stream,
+                           const char *filename, int lineno)
 {
-  or_connection_t *conn; /* where to send the cell */
+  channel_t *chan; /* where to send the cell */
 
   if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
     crypt_path_t *thishop; /* counter for repeated crypts */
-    conn = circ->n_conn;
-    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) || !conn) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG,"outgoing relay cell has n_conn==NULL. Dropping.");
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
+    if (!chan) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG,"outgoing relay cell sent from %s:%d has n_chan==NULL."
+               " Dropping.", filename, lineno);
+      return 0; /* just drop it */
+    }
+    if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG,"outgoing relay cell sent from %s:%d on non-origin "
+               "circ. Dropping.", filename, lineno);
       return 0; /* just drop it */
     }
 
@@ -388,14 +423,14 @@ circuit_package_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
       return 0; /* just drop it */
     }
     or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    conn = or_circ->p_conn;
+    chan = or_circ->p_chan;
     relay_set_digest(or_circ->p_digest, cell);
     if (relay_crypt_one_payload(or_circ->p_crypto, cell->payload, 1) < 0)
       return -1;
   }
   ++stats_n_relay_cells_relayed;
 
-  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, conn, cell, cell_direction, on_stream);
+  append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circ, chan, cell, cell_direction, on_stream);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -422,7 +457,7 @@ relay_lookup_conn(circuit_t *circ, cell_t *cell,
     for (tmpconn = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_streams; tmpconn;
          tmpconn=tmpconn->next_stream) {
       if (rh.stream_id == tmpconn->stream_id &&
-          !tmpconn->_base.marked_for_close &&
+          !tmpconn->base_.marked_for_close &&
           tmpconn->cpath_layer == layer_hint) {
         log_debug(LD_APP,"found conn for stream %d.", rh.stream_id);
         return tmpconn;
@@ -432,7 +467,7 @@ relay_lookup_conn(circuit_t *circ, cell_t *cell,
     for (tmpconn = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->n_streams; tmpconn;
          tmpconn=tmpconn->next_stream) {
       if (rh.stream_id == tmpconn->stream_id &&
-          !tmpconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+          !tmpconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
         log_debug(LD_EXIT,"found conn for stream %d.", rh.stream_id);
         if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT ||
             connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(tmpconn))
@@ -442,7 +477,7 @@ relay_lookup_conn(circuit_t *circ, cell_t *cell,
     for (tmpconn = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->resolving_streams; tmpconn;
          tmpconn=tmpconn->next_stream) {
       if (rh.stream_id == tmpconn->stream_id &&
-          !tmpconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+          !tmpconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
         log_debug(LD_EXIT,"found conn for stream %d.", rh.stream_id);
         return tmpconn;
       }
@@ -520,9 +555,10 @@ relay_command_to_string(uint8_t command)
  * return 0.
  */
 int
-relay_send_command_from_edge(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
-                             uint8_t relay_command, const char *payload,
-                             size_t payload_len, crypt_path_t *cpath_layer)
+relay_send_command_from_edge_(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
+                              uint8_t relay_command, const char *payload,
+                              size_t payload_len, crypt_path_t *cpath_layer,
+                              const char *filename, int lineno)
 {
   cell_t cell;
   relay_header_t rh;
@@ -561,15 +597,16 @@ relay_send_command_from_edge(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
     geoip_change_dirreq_state(circ->dirreq_id, DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
                               DIRREQ_END_CELL_SENT);
 
-  if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT && circ->n_conn) {
+  if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT && circ->n_chan) {
     /* if we're using relaybandwidthrate, this conn wants priority */
-    circ->n_conn->client_used = approx_time();
+    channel_timestamp_client(circ->n_chan);
   }
 
   if (cell_direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
     origin_circuit_t *origin_circ = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ);
     if (origin_circ->remaining_relay_early_cells > 0 &&
         (relay_command == RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND ||
+         relay_command == RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2 ||
          cpath_layer != origin_circ->cpath)) {
       /* If we've got any relay_early cells left and (we're sending
        * an extend cell or we're not talking to the first hop), use
@@ -583,7 +620,8 @@ relay_send_command_from_edge(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
        * task 878. */
       origin_circ->relay_early_commands[
           origin_circ->relay_early_cells_sent++] = relay_command;
-    } else if (relay_command == RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND) {
+    } else if (relay_command == RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND ||
+               relay_command == RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2) {
       /* If no RELAY_EARLY cells can be sent over this circuit, log which
        * commands have been sent as RELAY_EARLY cells before; helps debug
        * task 878. */
@@ -603,7 +641,7 @@ relay_send_command_from_edge(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
   }
 
   if (circuit_package_relay_cell(&cell, circ, cell_direction, cpath_layer,
-                                 stream_id) < 0) {
+                                 stream_id, filename, lineno) < 0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"circuit_package_relay_cell failed. Closing.");
     circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
     return -1;
@@ -631,16 +669,16 @@ connection_edge_send_command(edge_connection_t *fromconn,
   tor_assert(fromconn);
   circ = fromconn->on_circuit;
 
-  if (fromconn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+  if (fromconn->base_.marked_for_close) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,
              "called on conn that's already marked for close at %s:%d.",
-             fromconn->_base.marked_for_close_file,
-             fromconn->_base.marked_for_close);
+             fromconn->base_.marked_for_close_file,
+             fromconn->base_.marked_for_close);
     return 0;
   }
 
   if (!circ) {
-    if (fromconn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+    if (fromconn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
       log_info(LD_APP,"no circ. Closing conn.");
       connection_mark_unattached_ap(EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(fromconn),
                                     END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL);
@@ -685,14 +723,41 @@ connection_ap_process_end_not_open(
     relay_header_t *rh, cell_t *cell, origin_circuit_t *circ,
     entry_connection_t *conn, crypt_path_t *layer_hint)
 {
-  struct in_addr in;
   node_t *exitrouter;
   int reason = *(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE);
-  int control_reason = reason | END_STREAM_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
+  int control_reason;
   edge_connection_t *edge_conn = ENTRY_TO_EDGE_CONN(conn);
   (void) layer_hint; /* unused */
 
-  if (rh->length > 0 && edge_reason_is_retriable(reason) &&
+  if (rh->length > 0) {
+    if (reason == END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL ||
+        reason == END_STREAM_REASON_DESTROY) {
+      /* Both of these reasons could mean a failed tag
+       * hit the exit and it complained. Do not probe.
+       * Fail the circuit. */
+      circ->path_state = PATH_STATE_USE_FAILED;
+      return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+    } else if (reason == END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL) {
+      /* We can't infer success or failure, since older Tors report
+       * ENETUNREACH as END_STREAM_REASON_INTERNAL. */
+    } else {
+      /* Path bias: If we get a valid reason code from the exit,
+       * it wasn't due to tagging.
+       *
+       * We rely on recognized+digest being strong enough to make
+       * tags unlikely to allow us to get tagged, yet 'recognized'
+       * reason codes here. */
+      pathbias_mark_use_success(circ);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (rh->length == 0) {
+    reason = END_STREAM_REASON_MISC;
+  }
+
+  control_reason = reason | END_STREAM_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
+
+  if (edge_reason_is_retriable(reason) &&
       /* avoid retry if rend */
       !connection_edge_is_rendezvous_stream(edge_conn)) {
     const char *chosen_exit_digest =
@@ -702,48 +767,67 @@ connection_ap_process_end_not_open(
              stream_end_reason_to_string(reason));
     exitrouter = node_get_mutable_by_id(chosen_exit_digest);
     switch (reason) {
-      case END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY:
+      case END_STREAM_REASON_EXITPOLICY: {
+        tor_addr_t addr;
+        tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
         if (rh->length >= 5) {
-          uint32_t addr = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+1));
-          int ttl;
-          if (!addr) {
+          int ttl = -1;
+          tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+          if (rh->length == 5 || rh->length == 9) {
+            tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&addr,
+                                get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+1));
+            if (rh->length == 9)
+              ttl = (int)ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+5));
+          } else if (rh->length == 17 || rh->length == 21) {
+            tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&addr,
+                                (char*)(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+1));
+            if (rh->length == 21)
+              ttl = (int)ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+17));
+          }
+          if (tor_addr_is_null(&addr)) {
             log_info(LD_APP,"Address '%s' resolved to 0.0.0.0. Closing,",
                      safe_str(conn->socks_request->address));
             connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
             return 0;
           }
-          if (rh->length >= 9)
-            ttl = (int)ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+5));
-          else
-            ttl = -1;
 
+          if ((tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET && !conn->ipv4_traffic_ok) ||
+              (tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6 && !conn->ipv6_traffic_ok)) {
+            log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_APP,
+                   "Got an EXITPOLICY failure on a connection with a "
+                   "mismatched family. Closing.");
+            connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+            return 0;
+          }
           if (get_options()->ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses &&
-              is_internal_IP(addr, 0)) {
+              tor_addr_is_internal(&addr, 0)) {
             log_info(LD_APP,"Address '%s' resolved to internal. Closing,",
                      safe_str(conn->socks_request->address));
             connection_mark_unattached_ap(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
             return 0;
           }
-          client_dns_set_addressmap(conn->socks_request->address, addr,
+
+          client_dns_set_addressmap(conn,
+                                    conn->socks_request->address, &addr,
                                     conn->chosen_exit_name, ttl);
+
+          {
+            char new_addr[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+            tor_addr_to_str(new_addr, &addr, sizeof(new_addr), 1);
+            if (strcmp(conn->socks_request->address, new_addr)) {
+              strlcpy(conn->socks_request->address, new_addr,
+                      sizeof(conn->socks_request->address));
+              control_event_stream_status(conn, STREAM_EVENT_REMAP, 0);
+            }
+          }
         }
         /* check if he *ought* to have allowed it */
-        if (exitrouter &&
-            (rh->length < 5 ||
-             (tor_inet_aton(conn->socks_request->address, &in) &&
-              !conn->chosen_exit_name))) {
-          log_info(LD_APP,
-                 "Exitrouter %s seems to be more restrictive than its exit "
-                 "policy. Not using this router as exit for now.",
-                 node_describe(exitrouter));
-          policies_set_node_exitpolicy_to_reject_all(exitrouter);
-        }
-        /* rewrite it to an IP if we learned one. */
-        if (addressmap_rewrite(conn->socks_request->address,
-                               sizeof(conn->socks_request->address),
-                               NULL, NULL)) {
-          control_event_stream_status(conn, STREAM_EVENT_REMAP, 0);
-        }
+
+        adjust_exit_policy_from_exitpolicy_failure(circ,
+                                                   conn,
+                                                   exitrouter,
+                                                   &addr);
+
         if (conn->chosen_exit_optional ||
             conn->chosen_exit_retries) {
           /* stop wanting a specific exit */
@@ -762,6 +846,7 @@ connection_ap_process_end_not_open(
           return 0;
         /* else, conn will get closed below */
         break;
+      }
       case END_STREAM_REASON_CONNECTREFUSED:
         if (!conn->chosen_exit_optional)
           break; /* break means it'll close, below */
@@ -776,9 +861,7 @@ connection_ap_process_end_not_open(
           /* We haven't retried too many times; reattach the connection. */
           circuit_log_path(LOG_INFO,LD_APP,circ);
           /* Mark this circuit "unusable for new streams". */
-          /* XXXX024 this is a kludgy way to do this. */
-          tor_assert(circ->_base.timestamp_dirty);
-          circ->_base.timestamp_dirty -= get_options()->MaxCircuitDirtiness;
+          mark_circuit_unusable_for_new_conns(circ);
 
           if (conn->chosen_exit_optional) {
             /* stop wanting a specific exit */
@@ -826,21 +909,102 @@ connection_ap_process_end_not_open(
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Called when we have gotten an END_REASON_EXITPOLICY failure on <b>circ</b>
+ * for <b>conn</b>, while attempting to connect via <b>node</b>.  If the node
+ * told us which address it rejected, then <b>addr</b> is that address;
+ * otherwise it is AF_UNSPEC.
+ *
+ * If we are sure the node should have allowed this address, mark the node as
+ * having a reject *:* exit policy.  Otherwise, mark the circuit as unusable
+ * for this particular address.
+ **/
+static void
+adjust_exit_policy_from_exitpolicy_failure(origin_circuit_t *circ,
+                                           entry_connection_t *conn,
+                                           node_t *node,
+                                           const tor_addr_t *addr)
+{
+  int make_reject_all = 0;
+  const sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(addr);
+
+  if (node) {
+    tor_addr_t tmp;
+    int asked_for_family = tor_addr_parse(&tmp, conn->socks_request->address);
+    if (family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+      make_reject_all = 1;
+    } else if (node_exit_policy_is_exact(node, family) &&
+               asked_for_family != -1 && !conn->chosen_exit_name) {
+      make_reject_all = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (make_reject_all) {
+      log_info(LD_APP,
+               "Exitrouter %s seems to be more restrictive than its exit "
+               "policy. Not using this router as exit for now.",
+               node_describe(node));
+      policies_set_node_exitpolicy_to_reject_all(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (family != AF_UNSPEC)
+    addr_policy_append_reject_addr(&circ->prepend_policy, addr);
+}
+
 /** Helper: change the socks_request-&gt;address field on conn to the
- * dotted-quad representation of <b>new_addr</b> (given in host order),
+ * dotted-quad representation of <b>new_addr</b>,
  * and send an appropriate REMAP event. */
 static void
-remap_event_helper(entry_connection_t *conn, uint32_t new_addr)
+remap_event_helper(entry_connection_t *conn, const tor_addr_t *new_addr)
 {
-  struct in_addr in;
-
-  in.s_addr = htonl(new_addr);
-  tor_inet_ntoa(&in, conn->socks_request->address,
-                sizeof(conn->socks_request->address));
+  tor_addr_to_str(conn->socks_request->address, new_addr,
+                  sizeof(conn->socks_request->address),
+                  1);
   control_event_stream_status(conn, STREAM_EVENT_REMAP,
                               REMAP_STREAM_SOURCE_EXIT);
 }
 
+/** Extract the contents of a connected cell in <b>cell</b>, whose relay
+ * header has already been parsed into <b>rh</b>. On success, set
+ * <b>addr_out</b> to the address we're connected to, and <b>ttl_out</b> to
+ * the ttl of that address, in seconds, and return 0.  On failure, return
+ * -1. */
+int
+connected_cell_parse(const relay_header_t *rh, const cell_t *cell,
+                     tor_addr_t *addr_out, int *ttl_out)
+{
+  uint32_t bytes;
+  const uint8_t *payload = cell->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE;
+
+  tor_addr_make_unspec(addr_out);
+  *ttl_out = -1;
+  if (rh->length == 0)
+    return 0;
+  if (rh->length < 4)
+    return -1;
+  bytes = ntohl(get_uint32(payload));
+
+  /* If bytes is 0, this is maybe a v6 address. Otherwise it's a v4 address */
+  if (bytes != 0) {
+    /* v4 address */
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(addr_out, bytes);
+    if (rh->length >= 8) {
+      bytes = ntohl(get_uint32(payload + 4));
+      if (bytes <= INT32_MAX)
+        *ttl_out = bytes;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (rh->length < 25) /* 4 bytes of 0s, 1 addr, 16 ipv4, 4 ttl. */
+      return -1;
+    if (get_uint8(payload + 4) != 6)
+      return -1;
+    tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(addr_out, (char*)(payload + 5));
+    bytes = ntohl(get_uint32(payload + 21));
+    if (bytes <= INT32_MAX)
+      *ttl_out = (int) bytes;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /** An incoming relay cell has arrived from circuit <b>circ</b> to
  * stream <b>conn</b>.
  *
@@ -854,7 +1018,7 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
     edge_connection_t *conn, crypt_path_t *layer_hint)
 {
   if (rh->command == RELAY_COMMAND_END) {
-    if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) && conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+    if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ) && conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
       return connection_ap_process_end_not_open(rh, cell,
                                                 TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ),
                                                 EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn),
@@ -869,38 +1033,55 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
     }
   }
 
-  if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
+  if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
       rh->command == RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED) {
+    tor_addr_t addr;
+    int ttl;
     entry_connection_t *entry_conn = EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
     tor_assert(CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ));
-    if (conn->_base.state != AP_CONN_STATE_CONNECT_WAIT) {
+    if (conn->base_.state != AP_CONN_STATE_CONNECT_WAIT) {
       log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_APP,
              "Got 'connected' while not in state connect_wait. Dropping.");
       return 0;
     }
-    conn->_base.state = AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
+    conn->base_.state = AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
     log_info(LD_APP,"'connected' received after %d seconds.",
-             (int)(time(NULL) - conn->_base.timestamp_lastread));
-    if (rh->length >= 4) {
-      uint32_t addr = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE));
-      int ttl;
-      if (!addr || (get_options()->ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses &&
-                    is_internal_IP(addr, 0))) {
+             (int)(time(NULL) - conn->base_.timestamp_lastread));
+    if (connected_cell_parse(rh, cell, &addr, &ttl) < 0) {
+      log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_APP,
+             "Got a badly formatted connected cell. Closing.");
+      connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+      connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+    }
+    if (tor_addr_family(&addr) != AF_UNSPEC) {
+      const sa_family_t family = tor_addr_family(&addr);
+      if (tor_addr_is_null(&addr) ||
+          (get_options()->ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses &&
+           tor_addr_is_internal(&addr, 0))) {
         log_info(LD_APP, "...but it claims the IP address was %s. Closing.",
-                 fmt_addr32(addr));
+                 fmt_addr(&addr));
         connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
         connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn,
                                       END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
         return 0;
       }
-      if (rh->length >= 8)
-        ttl = (int)ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+4));
-      else
-        ttl = -1;
-      client_dns_set_addressmap(entry_conn->socks_request->address, addr,
+
+      if ((family == AF_INET && ! entry_conn->ipv4_traffic_ok) ||
+          (family == AF_INET6 && ! entry_conn->ipv6_traffic_ok)) {
+        log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_APP,
+               "Got a connected cell to %s with unsupported address family."
+               " Closing.", fmt_addr(&addr));
+        connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+        connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn,
+                                      END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      client_dns_set_addressmap(entry_conn,
+                                entry_conn->socks_request->address, &addr,
                                 entry_conn->chosen_exit_name, ttl);
 
-      remap_event_helper(entry_conn, addr);
+      remap_event_helper(entry_conn, &addr);
     }
     circuit_log_path(LOG_INFO,LD_APP,TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ));
     /* don't send a socks reply to transparent conns */
@@ -924,6 +1105,7 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
           control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_STATUS, 0);
           break;
         case DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC:
+        case DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC:
           control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS,
                                   count_loading_descriptors_progress());
           break;
@@ -944,13 +1126,13 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
     }
     return 0;
   }
-  if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
+  if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
       rh->command == RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVED) {
     int ttl;
     int answer_len;
     uint8_t answer_type;
     entry_connection_t *entry_conn = EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
-    if (conn->_base.state != AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT) {
+    if (conn->base_.state != AP_CONN_STATE_RESOLVE_WAIT) {
       log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_APP, "Got a 'resolved' cell while "
              "not in state resolve_wait. Dropping.");
       return 0;
@@ -969,12 +1151,15 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
                                   2+answer_len));
     else
       ttl = -1;
-    if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len == 4) {
-      uint32_t addr = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+2));
-      if (get_options()->ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses &&
-          is_internal_IP(addr, 0)) {
+    if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 ||
+        answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6) {
+      tor_addr_t addr;
+      if (decode_address_from_payload(&addr, cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                                      rh->length) &&
+          tor_addr_is_internal(&addr, 0) &&
+          get_options()->ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses) {
         log_info(LD_APP,"Got a resolve with answer %s. Rejecting.",
-                 fmt_addr32(addr));
+                 fmt_addr(&addr));
         connection_ap_handshake_socks_resolved(entry_conn,
                                                RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT,
                                                0, NULL, 0, TIME_MAX);
@@ -990,8 +1175,15 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
                    ttl,
                    -1);
     if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4 && answer_len == 4) {
-      uint32_t addr = ntohl(get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+2));
-      remap_event_helper(entry_conn, addr);
+      tor_addr_t addr;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&addr,
+                          get_uint32(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+2));
+      remap_event_helper(entry_conn, &addr);
+    } else if (answer_type == RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV6 && answer_len == 16) {
+      tor_addr_t addr;
+      tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(&addr,
+                               (char*)(cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE+2));
+      remap_event_helper(entry_conn, &addr);
     }
     connection_mark_unattached_ap(entry_conn,
                               END_STREAM_REASON_DONE |
@@ -1001,8 +1193,8 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell_not_open(
 
   log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
          "Got an unexpected relay command %d, in state %d (%s). Dropping.",
-         rh->command, conn->_base.state,
-         conn_state_to_string(conn->_base.type, conn->_base.state));
+         rh->command, conn->base_.state,
+         conn_state_to_string(conn->base_.type, conn->base_.state));
   return 0; /* for forward compatibility, don't kill the circuit */
 //  connection_edge_end(conn, END_STREAM_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
 //  connection_mark_for_close(conn);
@@ -1067,9 +1259,9 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
    * conn points to the recognized stream. */
 
   if (conn && !connection_state_is_open(TO_CONN(conn))) {
-    if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT &&
-        (conn->_base.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING ||
-         conn->_base.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING) &&
+    if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT &&
+        (conn->base_.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING ||
+         conn->base_.state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING) &&
         rh.command == RELAY_COMMAND_DATA) {
       /* Allow DATA cells to be delivered to an exit node in state
        * EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING or EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING.
@@ -1112,7 +1304,7 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
          * and linked. */
         static uint64_t next_id = 0;
         circ->dirreq_id = ++next_id;
-        TO_CONN(TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn)->dirreq_id = circ->dirreq_id;
+        TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan->dirreq_id = circ->dirreq_id;
       }
 
       return connection_exit_begin_conn(cell, circ);
@@ -1168,11 +1360,12 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
         return 0;
       }
 /* XXX add to this log_fn the exit node's nickname? */
-      log_info(domain,"%d: end cell (%s) for stream %d. Removing stream.",
-               conn->_base.s,
+      log_info(domain,TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT": end cell (%s) for stream %d. "
+               "Removing stream.",
+               conn->base_.s,
                stream_end_reason_to_string(reason),
                conn->stream_id);
-      if (conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
+      if (conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP) {
         entry_connection_t *entry_conn = EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn);
         if (entry_conn->socks_request &&
             !entry_conn->socks_request->has_finished)
@@ -1183,16 +1376,17 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
       conn->edge_has_sent_end = 1;
       if (!conn->end_reason)
         conn->end_reason = reason | END_STREAM_REASON_FLAG_REMOTE;
-      if (!conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+      if (!conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
         /* only mark it if not already marked. it's possible to
          * get the 'end' right around when the client hangs up on us. */
         connection_mark_and_flush(TO_CONN(conn));
       }
       return 0;
-    case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND: {
+    case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND:
+    case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2: {
       static uint64_t total_n_extend=0, total_nonearly=0;
       total_n_extend++;
-      if (conn) {
+      if (rh.stream_id) {
         log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, domain,
                "'extend' cell received for non-zero stream. Dropping.");
         return 0;
@@ -1224,17 +1418,27 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
       return circuit_extend(cell, circ);
     }
     case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED:
+    case RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2:
       if (!layer_hint) {
         log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
                "'extended' unsupported at non-origin. Dropping.");
         return 0;
       }
       log_debug(domain,"Got an extended cell! Yay.");
-      if ((reason = circuit_finish_handshake(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ),
-                                       CELL_CREATED,
-                                       cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE)) < 0) {
-        log_warn(domain,"circuit_finish_handshake failed.");
-        return reason;
+      {
+        extended_cell_t extended_cell;
+        if (extended_cell_parse(&extended_cell, rh.command,
+                        (const uint8_t*)cell->payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                        rh.length)<0) {
+          log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
+                   "Can't parse EXTENDED cell; killing circuit.");
+          return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+        }
+        if ((reason = circuit_finish_handshake(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ),
+                                         &extended_cell.created_cell)) < 0) {
+          log_warn(domain,"circuit_finish_handshake failed.");
+          return reason;
+        }
       }
       if ((reason=circuit_send_next_onion_skin(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)))<0) {
         log_info(domain,"circuit_send_next_onion_skin() failed.");
@@ -1247,12 +1451,20 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
                "'truncate' unsupported at origin. Dropping.");
         return 0;
       }
-      if (circ->n_conn) {
-        uint8_t trunc_reason = *(uint8_t*)(cell->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE);
-        circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, circ->n_conn);
-        connection_or_send_destroy(circ->n_circ_id, circ->n_conn,
-                                   trunc_reason);
-        circuit_set_n_circid_orconn(circ, 0, NULL);
+      if (circ->n_hop) {
+        if (circ->n_chan)
+          log_warn(LD_BUG, "n_chan and n_hop set on the same circuit!");
+        extend_info_free(circ->n_hop);
+        circ->n_hop = NULL;
+        tor_free(circ->n_chan_create_cell);
+        circuit_set_state(circ, CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN);
+      }
+      if (circ->n_chan) {
+        uint8_t trunc_reason = get_uint8(cell->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE);
+        circuit_clear_cell_queue(circ, circ->n_chan);
+        channel_send_destroy(circ->n_circ_id, circ->n_chan,
+                             trunc_reason);
+        circuit_set_n_circid_chan(circ, 0, NULL);
       }
       log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Processed 'truncate', replying.");
       {
@@ -1268,7 +1480,8 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
                "'truncated' unsupported at non-origin. Dropping.");
         return 0;
       }
-      circuit_truncated(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ), layer_hint);
+      circuit_truncated(TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ), layer_hint,
+                        get_uint8(cell->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE));
       return 0;
     case RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED:
       if (conn) {
@@ -1285,7 +1498,7 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
           if (layer_hint->package_window + CIRCWINDOW_INCREMENT >
                 CIRCWINDOW_START_MAX) {
             log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-                   "Bug/attack: unexpected sendme cell from exit relay. "
+                   "Unexpected sendme cell from exit relay. "
                    "Closing circ.");
             return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
           }
@@ -1297,8 +1510,9 @@ connection_edge_process_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
           if (circ->package_window + CIRCWINDOW_INCREMENT >
                 CIRCWINDOW_START_MAX) {
             log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-                   "Bug/attack: unexpected sendme cell from client. "
-                   "Closing circ.");
+                   "Unexpected sendme cell from client. "
+                   "Closing circ (window %d).",
+                   circ->package_window);
             return -END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
           }
           circ->package_window += CIRCWINDOW_INCREMENT;
@@ -1406,21 +1620,22 @@ connection_edge_package_raw_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial,
   size_t bytes_to_process, length;
   char payload[CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
   circuit_t *circ;
-  const unsigned domain = conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ? LD_APP : LD_EXIT;
+  const unsigned domain = conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ? LD_APP : LD_EXIT;
   int sending_from_optimistic = 0;
-  const int sending_optimistically =
-    conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
-    conn->_base.state != AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
   entry_connection_t *entry_conn =
-    conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ? EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn) : NULL;
+    conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ? EDGE_TO_ENTRY_CONN(conn) : NULL;
+  const int sending_optimistically =
+    entry_conn &&
+    conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP &&
+    conn->base_.state != AP_CONN_STATE_OPEN;
   crypt_path_t *cpath_layer = conn->cpath_layer;
 
   tor_assert(conn);
 
-  if (conn->_base.marked_for_close) {
+  if (conn->base_.marked_for_close) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,
              "called on conn that's already marked for close at %s:%d.",
-             conn->_base.marked_for_close_file, conn->_base.marked_for_close);
+             conn->base_.marked_for_close_file, conn->base_.marked_for_close);
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -1487,7 +1702,8 @@ connection_edge_package_raw_inbuf(edge_connection_t *conn, int package_partial,
     connection_fetch_from_buf(payload, length, TO_CONN(conn));
   }
 
-  log_debug(domain,"(%d) Packaging %d bytes (%d waiting).", conn->_base.s,
+  log_debug(domain,TOR_SOCKET_T_FORMAT": Packaging %d bytes (%d waiting).",
+            conn->base_.s,
             (int)length, (int)connection_get_inbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)));
 
   if (sending_optimistically && !sending_from_optimistic) {
@@ -1553,9 +1769,9 @@ connection_edge_consider_sending_sendme(edge_connection_t *conn)
   }
 
   while (conn->deliver_window <= STREAMWINDOW_START - STREAMWINDOW_INCREMENT) {
-    log_debug(conn->_base.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ?LD_APP:LD_EXIT,
+    log_debug(conn->base_.type == CONN_TYPE_AP ?LD_APP:LD_EXIT,
               "Outbuf %d, Queuing stream sendme.",
-              (int)conn->_base.outbuf_flushlen);
+              (int)conn->base_.outbuf_flushlen);
     conn->deliver_window += STREAMWINDOW_INCREMENT;
     if (connection_edge_send_command(conn, RELAY_COMMAND_SENDME,
                                      NULL, 0) < 0) {
@@ -1587,6 +1803,12 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading(circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer_hint)
                                        circ, layer_hint);
 }
 
+void
+stream_choice_seed_weak_rng(void)
+{
+  crypto_seed_weak_rng(&stream_choice_rng);
+}
+
 /** A helper function for circuit_resume_edge_reading() above.
  * The arguments are the same, except that <b>conn</b> is the head
  * of a linked list of edge streams that should each be considered.
@@ -1602,16 +1824,23 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *first_conn,
   int cells_on_queue;
   int cells_per_conn;
   edge_connection_t *chosen_stream = NULL;
+  int max_to_package;
+
+  if (first_conn == NULL) {
+    /* Don't bother to try to do the rest of this if there are no connections
+     * to resume. */
+    return 0;
+  }
 
   /* How many cells do we have space for?  It will be the minimum of
    * the number needed to exhaust the package window, and the minimum
    * needed to fill the cell queue. */
-  int max_to_package = circ->package_window;
+  max_to_package = circ->package_window;
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
-    cells_on_queue = circ->n_conn_cells.n;
+    cells_on_queue = circ->n_chan_cells.n;
   } else {
     or_circuit_t *or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    cells_on_queue = or_circ->p_conn_cells.n;
+    cells_on_queue = or_circ->p_chan_cells.n;
   }
   if (CELL_QUEUE_HIGHWATER_SIZE - cells_on_queue < max_to_package)
     max_to_package = CELL_QUEUE_HIGHWATER_SIZE - cells_on_queue;
@@ -1631,10 +1860,19 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *first_conn,
     int num_streams = 0;
     for (conn = first_conn; conn; conn = conn->next_stream) {
       num_streams++;
-      if ((tor_weak_random() % num_streams)==0)
+      if (tor_weak_random_one_in_n(&stream_choice_rng, num_streams)) {
         chosen_stream = conn;
+      }
       /* Invariant: chosen_stream has been chosen uniformly at random from
-       * among the first num_streams streams on first_conn. */
+       * among the first num_streams streams on first_conn.
+       *
+       * (Note that we iterate over every stream on the circuit, so that after
+       * we've considered the first stream, we've chosen it with P=1; and
+       * after we consider the second stream, we've switched to it with P=1/2
+       * and stayed with the first stream with P=1/2; and after we've
+       * considered the third stream, we've switched to it with P=1/3 and
+       * remained with one of the first two streams with P=(2/3), giving each
+       * one P=(1/2)(2/3) )=(1/3).) */
     }
   }
 
@@ -1644,7 +1882,7 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *first_conn,
   /* Activate reading starting from the chosen stream */
   for (conn=chosen_stream; conn; conn = conn->next_stream) {
     /* Start reading for the streams starting from here */
-    if (conn->_base.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
+    if (conn->base_.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
       continue;
     if (!layer_hint || conn->cpath_layer == layer_hint) {
       connection_start_reading(TO_CONN(conn));
@@ -1655,7 +1893,7 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *first_conn,
   }
   /* Go back and do the ones we skipped, circular-style */
   for (conn = first_conn; conn != chosen_stream; conn = conn->next_stream) {
-    if (conn->_base.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
+    if (conn->base_.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
       continue;
     if (!layer_hint || conn->cpath_layer == layer_hint) {
       connection_start_reading(TO_CONN(conn));
@@ -1681,7 +1919,7 @@ circuit_resume_edge_reading_helper(edge_connection_t *first_conn,
    * package.
    */
   for (conn=first_conn; conn; conn=conn->next_stream) {
-    if (conn->_base.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
+    if (conn->base_.marked_for_close || conn->package_window <= 0)
       continue;
     if (!layer_hint || conn->cpath_layer == layer_hint) {
       int n = cells_per_conn, r;
@@ -1792,10 +2030,10 @@ circuit_consider_sending_sendme(circuit_t *circ, crypt_path_t *layer_hint)
 }
 
 #ifdef ACTIVE_CIRCUITS_PARANOIA
-#define assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn) \
-     assert_active_circuits_ok(conn)
+#define assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan) \
+     assert_circuit_mux_okay(chan)
 #else
-#define assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn)
+#define assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan)
 #endif
 
 /** The total number of cells we have allocated from the memory pool. */
@@ -1804,10 +2042,6 @@ static size_t total_cells_allocated = 0;
 /** A memory pool to allocate packed_cell_t objects. */
 static mp_pool_t *cell_pool = NULL;
 
-/** Memory pool to allocate insertion_time_elem_t objects used for cell
- * statistics. */
-static mp_pool_t *it_pool = NULL;
-
 /** Allocate structures to hold cells. */
 void
 init_cell_pool(void)
@@ -1826,10 +2060,6 @@ free_cell_pool(void)
     mp_pool_destroy(cell_pool);
     cell_pool = NULL;
   }
-  if (it_pool) {
-    mp_pool_destroy(it_pool);
-    it_pool = NULL;
-  }
 }
 
 /** Free excess storage in cell pool. */
@@ -1850,12 +2080,19 @@ packed_cell_free_unchecked(packed_cell_t *cell)
 
 /** Allocate and return a new packed_cell_t. */
 static INLINE packed_cell_t *
-packed_cell_alloc(void)
+packed_cell_new(void)
 {
   ++total_cells_allocated;
   return mp_pool_get(cell_pool);
 }
 
+/** Return a packed cell used outside by channel_t lower layer */
+void
+packed_cell_free(packed_cell_t *cell)
+{
+  packed_cell_free_unchecked(cell);
+}
+
 /** Log current statistics for cell pool allocation at log level
  * <b>severity</b>. */
 void
@@ -1864,23 +2101,24 @@ dump_cell_pool_usage(int severity)
   circuit_t *c;
   int n_circs = 0;
   int n_cells = 0;
-  for (c = _circuit_get_global_list(); c; c = c->next) {
-    n_cells += c->n_conn_cells.n;
+  for (c = circuit_get_global_list_(); c; c = c->next) {
+    n_cells += c->n_chan_cells.n;
     if (!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c))
-      n_cells += TO_OR_CIRCUIT(c)->p_conn_cells.n;
+      n_cells += TO_OR_CIRCUIT(c)->p_chan_cells.n;
     ++n_circs;
   }
-  log(severity, LD_MM, "%d cells allocated on %d circuits. %d cells leaked.",
-      n_cells, n_circs, (int)total_cells_allocated - n_cells);
+  tor_log(severity, LD_MM,
+          "%d cells allocated on %d circuits. %d cells leaked.",
+          n_cells, n_circs, (int)total_cells_allocated - n_cells);
   mp_pool_log_status(cell_pool, severity);
 }
 
 /** Allocate a new copy of packed <b>cell</b>. */
 static INLINE packed_cell_t *
-packed_cell_copy(const cell_t *cell)
+packed_cell_copy(const cell_t *cell, int wide_circ_ids)
 {
-  packed_cell_t *c = packed_cell_alloc();
-  cell_pack(c, cell);
+  packed_cell_t *c = packed_cell_new();
+  cell_pack(c, cell, wide_circ_ids);
   c->next = NULL;
   return c;
 }
@@ -1902,43 +2140,14 @@ cell_queue_append(cell_queue_t *queue, packed_cell_t *cell)
 
 /** Append a newly allocated copy of <b>cell</b> to the end of <b>queue</b> */
 void
-cell_queue_append_packed_copy(cell_queue_t *queue, const cell_t *cell)
+cell_queue_append_packed_copy(cell_queue_t *queue, const cell_t *cell,
+                              int wide_circ_ids)
 {
   struct timeval now;
-  packed_cell_t *copy = packed_cell_copy(cell);
+  packed_cell_t *copy = packed_cell_copy(cell, wide_circ_ids);
   tor_gettimeofday_cached(&now);
   copy->inserted_time = (uint32_t)tv_to_msec(&now);
 
-  /* Remember the time when this cell was put in the queue. */
-  /*XXXX This may be obsoleted by inserted_time */
-  if (get_options()->CellStatistics) {
-    uint32_t added;
-    insertion_time_queue_t *it_queue = queue->insertion_times;
-    if (!it_pool)
-      it_pool = mp_pool_new(sizeof(insertion_time_elem_t), 1024);
-
-#define SECONDS_IN_A_DAY 86400L
-    added = (uint32_t)(((now.tv_sec % SECONDS_IN_A_DAY) * 100L)
-            + ((uint32_t)now.tv_usec / (uint32_t)10000L));
-    if (!it_queue) {
-      it_queue = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(insertion_time_queue_t));
-      queue->insertion_times = it_queue;
-    }
-    if (it_queue->last && it_queue->last->insertion_time == added) {
-      it_queue->last->counter++;
-    } else {
-      insertion_time_elem_t *elem = mp_pool_get(it_pool);
-      elem->next = NULL;
-      elem->insertion_time = added;
-      elem->counter = 1;
-      if (it_queue->last) {
-        it_queue->last->next = elem;
-        it_queue->last = elem;
-      } else {
-        it_queue->first = it_queue->last = elem;
-      }
-    }
-  }
   cell_queue_append(queue, copy);
 }
 
@@ -1955,14 +2164,6 @@ cell_queue_clear(cell_queue_t *queue)
   }
   queue->head = queue->tail = NULL;
   queue->n = 0;
-  if (queue->insertion_times) {
-    while (queue->insertion_times->first) {
-      insertion_time_elem_t *elem = queue->insertion_times->first;
-      queue->insertion_times->first = elem->next;
-      mp_pool_release(elem);
-    }
-    tor_free(queue->insertion_times);
-  }
 }
 
 /** Extract and return the cell at the head of <b>queue</b>; return NULL if
@@ -1987,9 +2188,7 @@ cell_queue_pop(cell_queue_t *queue)
 size_t
 packed_cell_mem_cost(void)
 {
-  return sizeof(packed_cell_t) + MP_POOL_ITEM_OVERHEAD +
-    get_options()->CellStatistics ?
-    (sizeof(insertion_time_elem_t)+MP_POOL_ITEM_OVERHEAD) : 0;
+  return sizeof(packed_cell_t) + MP_POOL_ITEM_OVERHEAD;
 }
 
 /** Check whether we've got too much space used for cells.  If so,
@@ -2005,363 +2204,68 @@ cell_queues_check_size(void)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return a pointer to the "next_active_on_{n,p}_conn" pointer of <b>circ</b>,
- * depending on whether <b>conn</b> matches n_conn or p_conn. */
-static INLINE circuit_t **
-next_circ_on_conn_p(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  tor_assert(circ);
-  tor_assert(conn);
-  if (conn == circ->n_conn) {
-    return &circ->next_active_on_n_conn;
-  } else {
-    or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    tor_assert(conn == orcirc->p_conn);
-    return &orcirc->next_active_on_p_conn;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Return a pointer to the "prev_active_on_{n,p}_conn" pointer of <b>circ</b>,
- * depending on whether <b>conn</b> matches n_conn or p_conn. */
-static INLINE circuit_t **
-prev_circ_on_conn_p(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  tor_assert(circ);
-  tor_assert(conn);
-  if (conn == circ->n_conn) {
-    return &circ->prev_active_on_n_conn;
-  } else {
-    or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    tor_assert(conn == orcirc->p_conn);
-    return &orcirc->prev_active_on_p_conn;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Helper for sorting cell_ewma_t values in their priority queue. */
-static int
-compare_cell_ewma_counts(const void *p1, const void *p2)
-{
-  const cell_ewma_t *e1=p1, *e2=p2;
-  if (e1->cell_count < e2->cell_count)
-    return -1;
-  else if (e1->cell_count > e2->cell_count)
-    return 1;
-  else
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/** Given a cell_ewma_t, return a pointer to the circuit containing it. */
-static circuit_t *
-cell_ewma_to_circuit(cell_ewma_t *ewma)
-{
-  if (ewma->is_for_p_conn) {
-    /* This is an or_circuit_t's p_cell_ewma. */
-    or_circuit_t *orcirc = SUBTYPE_P(ewma, or_circuit_t, p_cell_ewma);
-    return TO_CIRCUIT(orcirc);
-  } else {
-    /* This is some circuit's n_cell_ewma. */
-    return SUBTYPE_P(ewma, circuit_t, n_cell_ewma);
-  }
-}
-
-/* ==== Functions for scaling cell_ewma_t ====
-
-   When choosing which cells to relay first, we favor circuits that have been
-   quiet recently.  This gives better latency on connections that aren't
-   pushing lots of data, and makes the network feel more interactive.
-
-   Conceptually, we take an exponentially weighted mean average of the number
-   of cells a circuit has sent, and allow active circuits (those with cells to
-   relay) to send cells in reverse order of their exponentially-weighted mean
-   average (EWMA) cell count.  [That is, a cell sent N seconds ago 'counts'
-   F^N times as much as a cell sent now, for 0<F<1.0, and we favor the
-   circuit that has sent the fewest cells]
-
-   If 'double' had infinite precision, we could do this simply by counting a
-   cell sent at startup as having weight 1.0, and a cell sent N seconds later
-   as having weight F^-N.  This way, we would never need to re-scale
-   any already-sent cells.
-
-   To prevent double from overflowing, we could count a cell sent now as
-   having weight 1.0 and a cell sent N seconds ago as having weight F^N.
-   This, however, would mean we'd need to re-scale *ALL* old circuits every
-   time we wanted to send a cell.
-
-   So as a compromise, we divide time into 'ticks' (currently, 10-second
-   increments) and say that a cell sent at the start of a current tick is
-   worth 1.0, a cell sent N seconds before the start of the current tick is
-   worth F^N, and a cell sent N seconds after the start of the current tick is
-   worth F^-N.  This way we don't overflow, and we don't need to constantly
-   rescale.
- */
-
-/** How long does a tick last (seconds)? */
-#define EWMA_TICK_LEN 10
-
-/** The default per-tick scale factor, if it hasn't been overridden by a
- * consensus or a configuration setting.  zero means "disabled". */
-#define EWMA_DEFAULT_HALFLIFE 0.0
-
-/** Given a timeval <b>now</b>, compute the cell_ewma tick in which it occurs
- * and the fraction of the tick that has elapsed between the start of the tick
- * and <b>now</b>.  Return the former and store the latter in
- * *<b>remainder_out</b>.
- *
- * These tick values are not meant to be shared between Tor instances, or used
- * for other purposes. */
-static unsigned
-cell_ewma_tick_from_timeval(const struct timeval *now,
-                            double *remainder_out)
-{
-  unsigned res = (unsigned) (now->tv_sec / EWMA_TICK_LEN);
-  /* rem */
-  double rem = (now->tv_sec % EWMA_TICK_LEN) +
-    ((double)(now->tv_usec)) / 1.0e6;
-  *remainder_out = rem / EWMA_TICK_LEN;
-  return res;
-}
-
-/** Compute and return the current cell_ewma tick. */
-unsigned
-cell_ewma_get_tick(void)
-{
-  return ((unsigned)approx_time() / EWMA_TICK_LEN);
-}
-
-/** The per-tick scale factor to be used when computing cell-count EWMA
- * values.  (A cell sent N ticks before the start of the current tick
- * has value ewma_scale_factor ** N.)
+/**
+ * Update the number of cells available on the circuit's n_chan or p_chan's
+ * circuit mux.
  */
-static double ewma_scale_factor = 0.1;
-/* DOCDOC ewma_enabled */
-static int ewma_enabled = 0;
-
-/*DOCDOC*/
-#define EPSILON 0.00001
-/*DOCDOC*/
-#define LOG_ONEHALF -0.69314718055994529
-
-/** Adjust the global cell scale factor based on <b>options</b> */
 void
-cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(const or_options_t *options,
-                           const networkstatus_t *consensus)
-{
-  int32_t halflife_ms;
-  double halflife;
-  const char *source;
-  if (options && options->CircuitPriorityHalflife >= -EPSILON) {
-    halflife = options->CircuitPriorityHalflife;
-    source = "CircuitPriorityHalflife in configuration";
-  } else if (consensus && (halflife_ms = networkstatus_get_param(
-                 consensus, "CircuitPriorityHalflifeMsec",
-                 -1, -1, INT32_MAX)) >= 0) {
-    halflife = ((double)halflife_ms)/1000.0;
-    source = "CircuitPriorityHalflifeMsec in consensus";
-  } else {
-    halflife = EWMA_DEFAULT_HALFLIFE;
-    source = "Default value";
-  }
-
-  if (halflife <= EPSILON) {
-    /* The cell EWMA algorithm is disabled. */
-    ewma_scale_factor = 0.1;
-    ewma_enabled = 0;
-    log_info(LD_OR,
-             "Disabled cell_ewma algorithm because of value in %s",
-             source);
-  } else {
-    /* convert halflife into halflife-per-tick. */
-    halflife /= EWMA_TICK_LEN;
-    /* compute per-tick scale factor. */
-    ewma_scale_factor = exp( LOG_ONEHALF / halflife );
-    ewma_enabled = 1;
-    log_info(LD_OR,
-             "Enabled cell_ewma algorithm because of value in %s; "
-             "scale factor is %f per %d seconds",
-             source, ewma_scale_factor, EWMA_TICK_LEN);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Return the multiplier necessary to convert the value of a cell sent in
- * 'from_tick' to one sent in 'to_tick'. */
-static INLINE double
-get_scale_factor(unsigned from_tick, unsigned to_tick)
-{
-  /* This math can wrap around, but that's okay: unsigned overflow is
-     well-defined */
-  int diff = (int)(to_tick - from_tick);
-  return pow(ewma_scale_factor, diff);
-}
-
-/** Adjust the cell count of <b>ewma</b> so that it is scaled with respect to
- * <b>cur_tick</b> */
-static void
-scale_single_cell_ewma(cell_ewma_t *ewma, unsigned cur_tick)
-{
-  double factor = get_scale_factor(ewma->last_adjusted_tick, cur_tick);
-  ewma->cell_count *= factor;
-  ewma->last_adjusted_tick = cur_tick;
-}
-
-/** Adjust the cell count of every active circuit on <b>conn</b> so
- * that they are scaled with respect to <b>cur_tick</b> */
-static void
-scale_active_circuits(or_connection_t *conn, unsigned cur_tick)
+update_circuit_on_cmux_(circuit_t *circ, cell_direction_t direction,
+                        const char *file, int lineno)
 {
+  channel_t *chan = NULL;
+  or_circuit_t *or_circ = NULL;
+  circuitmux_t *cmux = NULL;
 
-  double factor = get_scale_factor(
-              conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated,
-              cur_tick);
-  /** Ordinarily it isn't okay to change the value of an element in a heap,
-   * but it's okay here, since we are preserving the order. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(conn->active_circuit_pqueue, cell_ewma_t *, e, {
-      tor_assert(e->last_adjusted_tick ==
-                 conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated);
-      e->cell_count *= factor;
-      e->last_adjusted_tick = cur_tick;
-  });
-  conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated = cur_tick;
-}
-
-/** Rescale <b>ewma</b> to the same scale as <b>conn</b>, and add it to
- * <b>conn</b>'s priority queue of active circuits */
-static void
-add_cell_ewma_to_conn(or_connection_t *conn, cell_ewma_t *ewma)
-{
-  tor_assert(ewma->heap_index == -1);
-  scale_single_cell_ewma(ewma,
-                         conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated);
-
-  smartlist_pqueue_add(conn->active_circuit_pqueue,
-                       compare_cell_ewma_counts,
-                       STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index),
-                       ewma);
-}
-
-/** Remove <b>ewma</b> from <b>conn</b>'s priority queue of active circuits */
-static void
-remove_cell_ewma_from_conn(or_connection_t *conn, cell_ewma_t *ewma)
-{
-  tor_assert(ewma->heap_index != -1);
-  smartlist_pqueue_remove(conn->active_circuit_pqueue,
-                          compare_cell_ewma_counts,
-                          STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index),
-                          ewma);
-}
-
-/** Remove and return the first cell_ewma_t from conn's priority queue of
- * active circuits.  Requires that the priority queue is nonempty. */
-static cell_ewma_t *
-pop_first_cell_ewma_from_conn(or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  return smartlist_pqueue_pop(conn->active_circuit_pqueue,
-                              compare_cell_ewma_counts,
-                              STRUCT_OFFSET(cell_ewma_t, heap_index));
-}
-
-/** Add <b>circ</b> to the list of circuits with pending cells on
- * <b>conn</b>.  No effect if <b>circ</b> is already linked. */
-void
-make_circuit_active_on_conn(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  circuit_t **nextp = next_circ_on_conn_p(circ, conn);
-  circuit_t **prevp = prev_circ_on_conn_p(circ, conn);
-
-  if (*nextp && *prevp) {
-    /* Already active. */
-    return;
-  }
-
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
-
-  if (! conn->active_circuits) {
-    conn->active_circuits = circ;
-    *prevp = *nextp = circ;
-  } else {
-    circuit_t *head = conn->active_circuits;
-    circuit_t *old_tail = *prev_circ_on_conn_p(head, conn);
-    *next_circ_on_conn_p(old_tail, conn) = circ;
-    *nextp = head;
-    *prev_circ_on_conn_p(head, conn) = circ;
-    *prevp = old_tail;
-  }
+  tor_assert(circ);
 
-  if (circ->n_conn == conn) {
-    add_cell_ewma_to_conn(conn, &circ->n_cell_ewma);
+  /* Okay, get the channel */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    chan = circ->n_chan;
   } else {
-    or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    tor_assert(conn == orcirc->p_conn);
-    add_cell_ewma_to_conn(conn, &orcirc->p_cell_ewma);
+    or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
+    chan = or_circ->p_chan;
   }
 
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
-}
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->cmux);
 
-/** Remove <b>circ</b> from the list of circuits with pending cells on
- * <b>conn</b>.  No effect if <b>circ</b> is already unlinked. */
-void
-make_circuit_inactive_on_conn(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn)
-{
-  circuit_t **nextp = next_circ_on_conn_p(circ, conn);
-  circuit_t **prevp = prev_circ_on_conn_p(circ, conn);
-  circuit_t *next = *nextp, *prev = *prevp;
+  /* Now get the cmux */
+  cmux = chan->cmux;
 
-  if (!next && !prev) {
-    /* Already inactive. */
+  /* Cmux sanity check */
+  if (! circuitmux_is_circuit_attached(cmux, circ)) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "called on non-attachd circuit from %s:%d",
+             file, lineno);
     return;
   }
+  tor_assert(circuitmux_attached_circuit_direction(cmux, circ) == direction);
 
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
+  assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan);
 
-  tor_assert(next && prev);
-  tor_assert(*prev_circ_on_conn_p(next, conn) == circ);
-  tor_assert(*next_circ_on_conn_p(prev, conn) == circ);
-
-  if (next == circ) {
-    conn->active_circuits = NULL;
-  } else {
-    *prev_circ_on_conn_p(next, conn) = prev;
-    *next_circ_on_conn_p(prev, conn) = next;
-    if (conn->active_circuits == circ)
-      conn->active_circuits = next;
-  }
-  *prevp = *nextp = NULL;
-
-  if (circ->n_conn == conn) {
-    remove_cell_ewma_from_conn(conn, &circ->n_cell_ewma);
+  /* Update the number of cells we have for the circuit mux */
+  if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
+    circuitmux_set_num_cells(cmux, circ, circ->n_chan_cells.n);
   } else {
-    or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    tor_assert(conn == orcirc->p_conn);
-    remove_cell_ewma_from_conn(conn, &orcirc->p_cell_ewma);
+    circuitmux_set_num_cells(cmux, circ, or_circ->p_chan_cells.n);
   }
 
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
+  assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan);
 }
 
-/** Remove all circuits from the list of circuits with pending cells on
- * <b>conn</b>. */
+/** Remove all circuits from the cmux on <b>chan</b>. */
 void
-connection_or_unlink_all_active_circs(or_connection_t *orconn)
+channel_unlink_all_circuits(channel_t *chan)
 {
-  circuit_t *head = orconn->active_circuits;
-  circuit_t *cur = head;
-  if (! head)
-    return;
-  do {
-    circuit_t *next = *next_circ_on_conn_p(cur, orconn);
-    *prev_circ_on_conn_p(cur, orconn) = NULL;
-    *next_circ_on_conn_p(cur, orconn) = NULL;
-    cur = next;
-  } while (cur != head);
-  orconn->active_circuits = NULL;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(orconn->active_circuit_pqueue, cell_ewma_t *, e,
-                    e->heap_index = -1);
-  smartlist_clear(orconn->active_circuit_pqueue);
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->cmux);
+
+  circuitmux_detach_all_circuits(chan->cmux);
+  chan->num_n_circuits = 0;
+  chan->num_p_circuits = 0;
 }
 
 /** Block (if <b>block</b> is true) or unblock (if <b>block</b> is false)
- * every edge connection that is using <b>circ</b> to write to <b>orconn</b>,
+ * every edge connection that is using <b>circ</b> to write to <b>chan</b>,
  * and start or stop reading as appropriate.
  *
  * If <b>stream_id</b> is nonzero, block only the edge connection whose
@@ -2370,17 +2274,17 @@ connection_or_unlink_all_active_circs(or_connection_t *orconn)
  * Returns the number of streams whose status we changed.
  */
 static int
-set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
+set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circuit_t *circ, channel_t *chan,
                             int block, streamid_t stream_id)
 {
   edge_connection_t *edge = NULL;
   int n = 0;
-  if (circ->n_conn == orconn) {
-    circ->streams_blocked_on_n_conn = block;
+  if (circ->n_chan == chan) {
+    circ->streams_blocked_on_n_chan = block;
     if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ))
       edge = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_streams;
   } else {
-    circ->streams_blocked_on_p_conn = block;
+    circ->streams_blocked_on_p_chan = block;
     tor_assert(!CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ));
     edge = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->n_streams;
   }
@@ -2415,147 +2319,111 @@ set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
 }
 
 /** Pull as many cells as possible (but no more than <b>max</b>) from the
- * queue of the first active circuit on <b>conn</b>, and write them to
- * <b>conn</b>-&gt;outbuf.  Return the number of cells written.  Advance
+ * queue of the first active circuit on <b>chan</b>, and write them to
+ * <b>chan</b>-&gt;outbuf.  Return the number of cells written.  Advance
  * the active circuit pointer to the next active circuit in the ring. */
 int
-connection_or_flush_from_first_active_circuit(or_connection_t *conn, int max,
-                                              time_t now)
+channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit(channel_t *chan, int max)
 {
-  int n_flushed;
+  circuitmux_t *cmux = NULL;
+  int n_flushed = 0;
   cell_queue_t *queue;
   circuit_t *circ;
+  or_circuit_t *or_circ;
   int streams_blocked;
-
-  /* The current (hi-res) time */
-  struct timeval now_hires;
-
-  /* The EWMA cell counter for the circuit we're flushing. */
-  cell_ewma_t *cell_ewma = NULL;
-  double ewma_increment = -1;
-
-  circ = conn->active_circuits;
-  if (!circ) return 0;
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
-
-  /* See if we're doing the ewma circuit selection algorithm. */
-  if (ewma_enabled) {
-    unsigned tick;
-    double fractional_tick;
-    tor_gettimeofday_cached(&now_hires);
-    tick = cell_ewma_tick_from_timeval(&now_hires, &fractional_tick);
-
-    if (tick != conn->active_circuit_pqueue_last_recalibrated) {
-      scale_active_circuits(conn, tick);
+  packed_cell_t *cell;
+
+  /* Get the cmux */
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->cmux);
+  cmux = chan->cmux;
+
+  /* Main loop: pick a circuit, send a cell, update the cmux */
+  while (n_flushed < max) {
+    circ = circuitmux_get_first_active_circuit(cmux);
+    /* If it returns NULL, no cells left to send */
+    if (!circ) break;
+    assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan);
+
+    if (circ->n_chan == chan) {
+      queue = &circ->n_chan_cells;
+      streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_n_chan;
+    } else {
+      or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
+      tor_assert(or_circ->p_chan == chan);
+      queue = &TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_chan_cells;
+      streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_p_chan;
     }
 
-    ewma_increment = pow(ewma_scale_factor, -fractional_tick);
+    /* Circuitmux told us this was active, so it should have cells */
+    tor_assert(queue->n > 0);
 
-    cell_ewma = smartlist_get(conn->active_circuit_pqueue, 0);
-    circ = cell_ewma_to_circuit(cell_ewma);
-  }
-
-  if (circ->n_conn == conn) {
-    queue = &circ->n_conn_cells;
-    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_n_conn;
-  } else {
-    queue = &TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ)->p_conn_cells;
-    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_p_conn;
-  }
-  tor_assert(*next_circ_on_conn_p(circ,conn));
-
-  for (n_flushed = 0; n_flushed < max && queue->head; ) {
-    packed_cell_t *cell = cell_queue_pop(queue);
-    tor_assert(*next_circ_on_conn_p(circ,conn));
+    /*
+     * Get just one cell here; once we've sent it, that can change the circuit
+     * selection, so we have to loop around for another even if this circuit
+     * has more than one.
+     */
+    cell = cell_queue_pop(queue);
 
     /* Calculate the exact time that this cell has spent in the queue. */
     if (get_options()->CellStatistics && !CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
+      uint32_t msec_waiting;
       struct timeval tvnow;
-      uint32_t flushed;
-      uint32_t cell_waiting_time;
-      insertion_time_queue_t *it_queue = queue->insertion_times;
+      or_circ = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
       tor_gettimeofday_cached(&tvnow);
-      flushed = (uint32_t)((tvnow.tv_sec % SECONDS_IN_A_DAY) * 100L +
-                 (uint32_t)tvnow.tv_usec / (uint32_t)10000L);
-      if (!it_queue || !it_queue->first) {
-        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Cannot determine insertion time of cell. "
-                             "Looks like the CellStatistics option was "
-                             "recently enabled.");
-      } else {
-        or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-        insertion_time_elem_t *elem = it_queue->first;
-        cell_waiting_time =
-            (uint32_t)((flushed * 10L + SECONDS_IN_A_DAY * 1000L -
-                        elem->insertion_time * 10L) %
-                       (SECONDS_IN_A_DAY * 1000L));
-#undef SECONDS_IN_A_DAY
-        elem->counter--;
-        if (elem->counter < 1) {
-          it_queue->first = elem->next;
-          if (elem == it_queue->last)
-            it_queue->last = NULL;
-          mp_pool_release(elem);
-        }
-        orcirc->total_cell_waiting_time += cell_waiting_time;
-        orcirc->processed_cells++;
-      }
+      msec_waiting = ((uint32_t)tv_to_msec(&tvnow)) - cell->inserted_time;
+
+      or_circ->total_cell_waiting_time += msec_waiting;
+      or_circ->processed_cells++;
     }
 
     /* If we just flushed our queue and this circuit is used for a
      * tunneled directory request, possibly advance its state. */
-    if (queue->n == 0 && TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id)
-      geoip_change_dirreq_state(TO_CONN(conn)->dirreq_id,
+    if (queue->n == 0 && chan->dirreq_id)
+      geoip_change_dirreq_state(chan->dirreq_id,
                                 DIRREQ_TUNNELED,
                                 DIRREQ_CIRC_QUEUE_FLUSHED);
 
-    connection_write_to_buf(cell->body, CELL_NETWORK_SIZE, TO_CONN(conn));
+    /* Now send the cell */
+    channel_write_packed_cell(chan, cell);
+    cell = NULL;
 
-    packed_cell_free_unchecked(cell);
+    /*
+     * Don't packed_cell_free_unchecked(cell) here because the channel will
+     * do so when it gets out of the channel queue (probably already did, in
+     * which case that was an immediate double-free bug).
+     */
+
+    /* Update the counter */
     ++n_flushed;
-    if (cell_ewma) {
-      cell_ewma_t *tmp;
-      cell_ewma->cell_count += ewma_increment;
-      /* We pop and re-add the cell_ewma_t here, not above, since we need to
-       * re-add it immediately to keep the priority queue consistent with
-       * the linked-list implementation */
-      tmp = pop_first_cell_ewma_from_conn(conn);
-      tor_assert(tmp == cell_ewma);
-      add_cell_ewma_to_conn(conn, cell_ewma);
-    }
-    if (!ewma_enabled && circ != conn->active_circuits) {
-      /* If this happens, the current circuit just got made inactive by
-       * a call in connection_write_to_buf().  That's nothing to worry about:
-       * circuit_make_inactive_on_conn() already advanced conn->active_circuits
-       * for us.
-       */
-      assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
-      goto done;
-    }
-  }
-  tor_assert(*next_circ_on_conn_p(circ,conn));
-  assert_active_circuits_ok_paranoid(conn);
-  conn->active_circuits = *next_circ_on_conn_p(circ, conn);
 
-  /* Is the cell queue low enough to unblock all the streams that are waiting
-   * to write to this circuit? */
-  if (streams_blocked && queue->n <= CELL_QUEUE_LOWWATER_SIZE)
-    set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, conn, 0, 0); /* unblock streams */
+    /*
+     * Now update the cmux; tell it we've just sent a cell, and how many
+     * we have left.
+     */
+    circuitmux_notify_xmit_cells(cmux, circ, 1);
+    circuitmux_set_num_cells(cmux, circ, queue->n);
+    if (queue->n == 0)
+      log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "Made a circuit inactive.");
+
+    /* Is the cell queue low enough to unblock all the streams that are waiting
+     * to write to this circuit? */
+    if (streams_blocked && queue->n <= CELL_QUEUE_LOWWATER_SIZE)
+      set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, chan, 0, 0); /* unblock streams */
 
-  /* Did we just run out of cells on this circuit's queue? */
-  if (queue->n == 0) {
-    log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "Made a circuit inactive.");
-    make_circuit_inactive_on_conn(circ, conn);
+    /* If n_flushed < max still, loop around and pick another circuit */
   }
- done:
-  if (n_flushed)
-    conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding = now;
+
+  /* Okay, we're done sending now */
+  assert_cmux_ok_paranoid(chan);
+
   return n_flushed;
 }
 
-/** Add <b>cell</b> to the queue of <b>circ</b> writing to <b>orconn</b>
+/** Add <b>cell</b> to the queue of <b>circ</b> writing to <b>chan</b>
  * transmitting in <b>direction</b>. */
 void
-append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
+append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, channel_t *chan,
                              cell_t *cell, cell_direction_t direction,
                              streamid_t fromstream)
 {
@@ -2567,12 +2435,12 @@ append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
     return;
 
   if (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) {
-    queue = &circ->n_conn_cells;
-    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_n_conn;
+    queue = &circ->n_chan_cells;
+    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_n_chan;
   } else {
     orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    queue = &orcirc->p_conn_cells;
-    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_p_conn;
+    queue = &orcirc->p_chan_cells;
+    streams_blocked = circ->streams_blocked_on_p_chan;
   }
 
   /*
@@ -2580,18 +2448,23 @@ append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
    */
 #if 0
   /* Are we a middle circuit about to exceed ORCIRC_MAX_MIDDLE_CELLS? */
-  if ((circ->n_conn != NULL) && CIRCUIT_IS_ORCIRC(circ)) {
+  if ((circ->n_chan != NULL) && CIRCUIT_IS_ORCIRC(circ)) {
     orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    if (orcirc->p_conn) {
+    if (orcirc->p_chan) {
       if (queue->n + 1 >= ORCIRC_MAX_MIDDLE_CELLS) {
         /* Queueing this cell would put queue over the cap */
         log_warn(LD_CIRC,
                  "Got a cell exceeding the cap of %u in the %s direction "
-                 "on middle circ ID %u; killing the circuit.",
+                 "on middle circ ID %u on chan ID " U64_FORMAT
+                 "; killing the circuit.",
                  ORCIRC_MAX_MIDDLE_CELLS,
                  (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) ? "n" : "p",
                  (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) ?
-                    circ->n_circ_id : orcirc->p_circ_id);
+                   circ->n_circ_id : orcirc->p_circ_id,
+                 U64_PRINTF_ARG(
+                   (direction == CELL_DIRECTION_OUT) ?
+                      circ->n_chan->global_identifier :
+                      orcirc->p_chan->global_identifier));
         circuit_mark_for_close(circ, END_CIRC_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT);
         return;
       }
@@ -2599,7 +2472,7 @@ append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
   }
 #endif
 
-  cell_queue_append_packed_copy(queue, cell);
+  cell_queue_append_packed_copy(queue, cell, chan->wide_circ_ids);
 
   if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(cell_queues_check_size())) {
     /* We ran the OOM handler */
@@ -2610,27 +2483,27 @@ append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
   /* If we have too many cells on the circuit, we should stop reading from
    * the edge streams for a while. */
   if (!streams_blocked && queue->n >= CELL_QUEUE_HIGHWATER_SIZE)
-    set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, orconn, 1, 0); /* block streams */
+    set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, chan, 1, 0); /* block streams */
 
   if (streams_blocked && fromstream) {
     /* This edge connection is apparently not blocked; block it. */
-    set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, orconn, 1, fromstream);
+    set_streams_blocked_on_circ(circ, chan, 1, fromstream);
   }
 
+  update_circuit_on_cmux(circ, direction);
   if (queue->n == 1) {
-    /* This was the first cell added to the queue.  We need to make this
+    /* This was the first cell added to the queue.  We just made this
      * circuit active. */
     log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "Made a circuit active.");
-    make_circuit_active_on_conn(circ, orconn);
   }
 
-  if (! connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(orconn))) {
+  if (!channel_has_queued_writes(chan)) {
     /* There is no data at all waiting to be sent on the outbuf.  Add a
      * cell, so that we can notice when it gets flushed, flushed_some can
      * get called, and we can start putting more data onto the buffer then.
      */
     log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "Primed a buffer.");
-    connection_or_flush_from_first_active_circuit(orconn, 1, approx_time());
+    channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit(chan, 1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2694,58 +2567,40 @@ decode_address_from_payload(tor_addr_t *addr_out, const uint8_t *payload,
   return payload + 2 + payload[1];
 }
 
-/** Remove all the cells queued on <b>circ</b> for <b>orconn</b>. */
+/** Remove all the cells queued on <b>circ</b> for <b>chan</b>. */
 void
-circuit_clear_cell_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn)
+circuit_clear_cell_queue(circuit_t *circ, channel_t *chan)
 {
   cell_queue_t *queue;
-  if (circ->n_conn == orconn) {
-    queue = &circ->n_conn_cells;
+  cell_direction_t direction;
+
+  if (circ->n_chan == chan) {
+    queue = &circ->n_chan_cells;
+    direction = CELL_DIRECTION_OUT;
   } else {
     or_circuit_t *orcirc = TO_OR_CIRCUIT(circ);
-    tor_assert(orcirc->p_conn == orconn);
-    queue = &orcirc->p_conn_cells;
+    tor_assert(orcirc->p_chan == chan);
+    queue = &orcirc->p_chan_cells;
+    direction = CELL_DIRECTION_IN;
   }
 
-  if (queue->n)
-    make_circuit_inactive_on_conn(circ,orconn);
-
+  /* Clear the queue */
   cell_queue_clear(queue);
+
+  /* Update the cell counter in the cmux */
+  if (chan->cmux && circuitmux_is_circuit_attached(chan->cmux, circ))
+    update_circuit_on_cmux(circ, direction);
 }
 
-/** Fail with an assert if the active circuits ring on <b>orconn</b> is
- * corrupt.  */
+/** Fail with an assert if the circuit mux on chan is corrupt
+ */
 void
-assert_active_circuits_ok(or_connection_t *orconn)
+assert_circuit_mux_okay(channel_t *chan)
 {
-  circuit_t *head = orconn->active_circuits;
-  circuit_t *cur = head;
-  int n = 0;
-  if (! head)
-    return;
-  do {
-    circuit_t *next = *next_circ_on_conn_p(cur, orconn);
-    circuit_t *prev = *prev_circ_on_conn_p(cur, orconn);
-    cell_ewma_t *ewma;
-    tor_assert(next);
-    tor_assert(prev);
-    tor_assert(*next_circ_on_conn_p(prev, orconn) == cur);
-    tor_assert(*prev_circ_on_conn_p(next, orconn) == cur);
-    if (orconn == cur->n_conn) {
-      ewma = &cur->n_cell_ewma;
-      tor_assert(!ewma->is_for_p_conn);
-    } else {
-      ewma = &TO_OR_CIRCUIT(cur)->p_cell_ewma;
-      tor_assert(ewma->is_for_p_conn);
-    }
-    tor_assert(ewma->heap_index != -1);
-    tor_assert(ewma == smartlist_get(orconn->active_circuit_pqueue,
-                                     ewma->heap_index));
-    n++;
-    cur = next;
-  } while (cur != head);
-
-  tor_assert(n == smartlist_len(orconn->active_circuit_pqueue));
+  tor_assert(chan);
+  tor_assert(chan->cmux);
+
+  circuitmux_assert_okay(chan->cmux);
 }
 
 /** Return 1 if we shouldn't restart reading on this circuit, even if
@@ -2755,9 +2610,9 @@ static int
 circuit_queue_streams_are_blocked(circuit_t *circ)
 {
   if (CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(circ)) {
-    return circ->streams_blocked_on_n_conn;
+    return circ->streams_blocked_on_n_chan;
   } else {
-    return circ->streams_blocked_on_p_conn;
+    return circ->streams_blocked_on_p_chan;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/relay.h b/src/or/relay.h
index c55813b33c..1fef10a7da 100644
--- a/src/or/relay.h
+++ b/src/or/relay.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for relay.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_RELAY_H
-#define _TOR_RELAY_H
+#ifndef TOR_RELAY_H
+#define TOR_RELAY_H
 
 extern uint64_t stats_n_relay_cells_relayed;
 extern uint64_t stats_n_relay_cells_delivered;
@@ -20,9 +20,15 @@ int circuit_receive_relay_cell(cell_t *cell, circuit_t *circ,
 
 void relay_header_pack(uint8_t *dest, const relay_header_t *src);
 void relay_header_unpack(relay_header_t *dest, const uint8_t *src);
-int relay_send_command_from_edge(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
+int relay_send_command_from_edge_(streamid_t stream_id, circuit_t *circ,
                                uint8_t relay_command, const char *payload,
-                               size_t payload_len, crypt_path_t *cpath_layer);
+                               size_t payload_len, crypt_path_t *cpath_layer,
+                               const char *filename, int lineno);
+#define relay_send_command_from_edge(stream_id, circ, relay_command, payload, \
+                                     payload_len, cpath_layer)          \
+  relay_send_command_from_edge_((stream_id), (circ), (relay_command),   \
+                                (payload), (payload_len), (cpath_layer), \
+                                __FILE__, __LINE__)
 int connection_edge_send_command(edge_connection_t *fromconn,
                                  uint8_t relay_command, const char *payload,
                                  size_t payload_len);
@@ -42,32 +48,38 @@ void clean_cell_pool(void);
 void dump_cell_pool_usage(int severity);
 size_t packed_cell_mem_cost(void);
 
+/* For channeltls.c */
+void packed_cell_free(packed_cell_t *cell);
+
 void cell_queue_clear(cell_queue_t *queue);
 void cell_queue_append(cell_queue_t *queue, packed_cell_t *cell);
-void cell_queue_append_packed_copy(cell_queue_t *queue, const cell_t *cell);
+void cell_queue_append_packed_copy(cell_queue_t *queue, const cell_t *cell,
+                                   int wide_circ_ids);
 
-void append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn,
+void append_cell_to_circuit_queue(circuit_t *circ, channel_t *chan,
                                   cell_t *cell, cell_direction_t direction,
                                   streamid_t fromstream);
-void connection_or_unlink_all_active_circs(or_connection_t *conn);
-int connection_or_flush_from_first_active_circuit(or_connection_t *conn,
-                                                  int max, time_t now);
-void assert_active_circuits_ok(or_connection_t *orconn);
-void make_circuit_inactive_on_conn(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn);
-void make_circuit_active_on_conn(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *conn);
+void channel_unlink_all_circuits(channel_t *chan);
+int channel_flush_from_first_active_circuit(channel_t *chan, int max);
+void assert_circuit_mux_okay(channel_t *chan);
+void update_circuit_on_cmux_(circuit_t *circ, cell_direction_t direction,
+                             const char *file, int lineno);
+#define update_circuit_on_cmux(circ, direction) \
+  update_circuit_on_cmux_((circ), (direction), SHORT_FILE__, __LINE__)
 
 int append_address_to_payload(uint8_t *payload_out, const tor_addr_t *addr);
 const uint8_t *decode_address_from_payload(tor_addr_t *addr_out,
                                         const uint8_t *payload,
                                         int payload_len);
-unsigned cell_ewma_get_tick(void);
-void cell_ewma_set_scale_factor(const or_options_t *options,
-                                const networkstatus_t *consensus);
-void circuit_clear_cell_queue(circuit_t *circ, or_connection_t *orconn);
+void circuit_clear_cell_queue(circuit_t *circ, channel_t *chan);
+
+void stream_choice_seed_weak_rng(void);
 
 #ifdef RELAY_PRIVATE
 int relay_crypt(circuit_t *circ, cell_t *cell, cell_direction_t cell_direction,
                 crypt_path_t **layer_hint, char *recognized);
+int connected_cell_parse(const relay_header_t *rh, const cell_t *cell,
+                         tor_addr_t *addr_out, int *ttl_out);
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/or/rendclient.c b/src/or/rendclient.c
index 3a0cd1a666..bb4bd9bfd4 100644
--- a/src/or/rendclient.c
+++ b/src/or/rendclient.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "main.h"
+#include "networkstatus.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
 #include "relay.h"
 #include "rendclient.h"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "rephist.h"
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 static extend_info_t *rend_client_get_random_intro_impl(
                           const rend_cache_entry_t *rend_query,
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ rend_client_purge_state(void)
 void
 rend_client_introcirc_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
   tor_assert(circ->cpath);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,"introcirc is open");
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ rend_client_introcirc_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 static int
 rend_client_send_establish_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND);
   tor_assert(circ->rend_data);
   log_info(LD_REND, "Sending an ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS cell");
 
@@ -65,6 +67,14 @@ rend_client_send_establish_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *circ)
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
     return -1;
   }
+
+  /* Set timestamp_dirty, because circuit_expire_building expects it,
+   * and the rend cookie also means we've used the circ. */
+  circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  /* We've attempted to use this circuit. Probe it if we fail */
+  pathbias_count_use_attempt(circ);
+
   if (relay_send_command_from_edge(0, TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
                                    RELAY_COMMAND_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS,
                                    circ->rend_data->rend_cookie,
@@ -99,16 +109,17 @@ rend_client_reextend_intro_circuit(origin_circuit_t *circ)
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
     return -1;
   }
+  // XXX: should we not re-extend if hs_circ_has_timed_out?
   if (circ->remaining_relay_early_cells) {
     log_info(LD_REND,
-             "Re-extending circ %d, this time to %s.",
-             circ->_base.n_circ_id,
+             "Re-extending circ %u, this time to %s.",
+             (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id,
              safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(extend_info)));
     result = circuit_extend_to_new_exit(circ, extend_info);
   } else {
     log_info(LD_REND,
-             "Closing intro circ %d (out of RELAY_EARLY cells).",
-             circ->_base.n_circ_id);
+             "Closing intro circ %u (out of RELAY_EARLY cells).",
+             (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
     /* connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit will launch a new intro circ. */
     result = 0;
@@ -117,6 +128,16 @@ rend_client_reextend_intro_circuit(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   return result;
 }
 
+/** Return true iff we should send timestamps in our INTRODUCE1 cells */
+static int
+rend_client_should_send_timestamp(void)
+{
+  if (get_options()->Support022HiddenServices >= 0)
+    return get_options()->Support022HiddenServices;
+
+  return networkstatus_get_param(NULL, "Support022HiddenServices", 1, 0, 1);
+}
+
 /** Called when we're trying to connect an ap conn; sends an INTRODUCE1 cell
  * down introcirc if possible.
  */
@@ -132,9 +153,10 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
   crypt_path_t *cpath;
   off_t dh_offset;
   crypto_pk_t *intro_key = NULL;
+  int status = 0;
 
-  tor_assert(introcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
-  tor_assert(rendcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY);
+  tor_assert(introcirc->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
+  tor_assert(rendcirc->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY);
   tor_assert(introcirc->rend_data);
   tor_assert(rendcirc->rend_data);
   tor_assert(!rend_cmp_service_ids(introcirc->rend_data->onion_address,
@@ -161,7 +183,8 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
       }
     }
 
-    return -1;
+    status = -1;
+    goto cleanup;
   }
 
   /* first 20 bytes of payload are the hash of Bob's pk */
@@ -184,13 +207,16 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
              smartlist_len(entry->parsed->intro_nodes));
 
     if (rend_client_reextend_intro_circuit(introcirc)) {
+      status = -2;
       goto perm_err;
     } else {
-      return -1;
+      status = -1;
+      goto cleanup;
     }
   }
   if (crypto_pk_get_digest(intro_key, payload)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't hash public key.");
+    status = -2;
     goto perm_err;
   }
 
@@ -200,12 +226,14 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
     cpath = rendcirc->build_state->pending_final_cpath =
       tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(crypt_path_t));
     cpath->magic = CRYPT_PATH_MAGIC;
-    if (!(cpath->dh_handshake_state = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_REND))) {
+    if (!(cpath->rend_dh_handshake_state = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_REND))) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't allocate DH.");
+      status = -2;
       goto perm_err;
     }
-    if (crypto_dh_generate_public(cpath->dh_handshake_state)<0) {
+    if (crypto_dh_generate_public(cpath->rend_dh_handshake_state)<0) {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't generate g^x.");
+      status = -2;
       goto perm_err;
     }
   }
@@ -221,7 +249,14 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
              REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
       v3_shift += 2+REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN;
     }
-    set_uint32(tmp+v3_shift+1, htonl((uint32_t)time(NULL)));
+    if (rend_client_should_send_timestamp()) {
+      uint32_t now = (uint32_t)time(NULL);
+      now += 300;
+      now -= now % 600;
+      set_uint32(tmp+v3_shift+1, htonl(now));
+    } else {
+      set_uint32(tmp+v3_shift+1, 0);
+    }
     v3_shift += 4;
   } /* if version 2 only write version number */
   else if (entry->parsed->protocols & (1<<2)) {
@@ -253,9 +288,10 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
     dh_offset = MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1+REND_COOKIE_LEN;
   }
 
-  if (crypto_dh_get_public(cpath->dh_handshake_state, tmp+dh_offset,
+  if (crypto_dh_get_public(cpath->rend_dh_handshake_state, tmp+dh_offset,
                            DH_KEY_LEN)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't extract g^x.");
+    status = -2;
     goto perm_err;
   }
 
@@ -269,6 +305,7 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
                                       PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 0);
   if (r<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"Internal error: hybrid pk encrypt failed.");
+    status = -2;
     goto perm_err;
   }
 
@@ -288,7 +325,8 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
                                    introcirc->cpath->prev)<0) {
     /* introcirc is already marked for close. leave rendcirc alone. */
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't send INTRODUCE1 cell");
-    return -2;
+    status = -2;
+    goto cleanup;
   }
 
   /* Now, we wait for an ACK or NAK on this circuit. */
@@ -297,14 +335,21 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
   /* Set timestamp_dirty, because circuit_expire_building expects it
    * to specify when a circuit entered the _C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT
    * state. */
-  introcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+  introcirc->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  pathbias_count_use_attempt(introcirc);
+
+  goto cleanup;
 
-  return 0;
  perm_err:
-  if (!introcirc->_base.marked_for_close)
+  if (!introcirc->base_.marked_for_close)
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(introcirc), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
   circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(rendcirc), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL);
-  return -2;
+ cleanup:
+  memwipe(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));
+  memwipe(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
+
+  return status;
 }
 
 /** Called when a rendezvous circuit is open; sends a establish
@@ -312,7 +357,7 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc,
 void
 rend_client_rendcirc_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circ)
 {
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,"rendcirc is open");
 
@@ -322,6 +367,32 @@ rend_client_rendcirc_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Called to close other intro circuits we launched in parallel
+ * due to timeout.
+ */
+static void
+rend_client_close_other_intros(const char *onion_address)
+{
+  circuit_t *c;
+  /* abort parallel intro circs, if any */
+  for (c = circuit_get_global_list_(); c; c = c->next) {
+    if ((c->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING ||
+        c->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT) &&
+        !c->marked_for_close && CIRCUIT_IS_ORIGIN(c)) {
+      origin_circuit_t *oc = TO_ORIGIN_CIRCUIT(c);
+      if (oc->rend_data &&
+          !rend_cmp_service_ids(onion_address,
+                                oc->rend_data->onion_address)) {
+        log_info(LD_REND|LD_CIRC, "Closing introduction circuit %d that we "
+                 "built in parallel (Purpose %d).", oc->global_identifier,
+                 c->purpose);
+        circuit_mark_for_close(c, END_CIRC_REASON_TIMEOUT);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /** Called when get an ACK or a NAK for a REND_INTRODUCE1 cell.
  */
 int
@@ -331,10 +402,10 @@ rend_client_introduction_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ,
   origin_circuit_t *rendcirc;
   (void) request; // XXXX Use this.
 
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Received REND_INTRODUCE_ACK on unexpected circuit %d.",
-             circ->_base.n_circ_id);
+             "Received REND_INTRODUCE_ACK on unexpected circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
     return -1;
   }
@@ -345,6 +416,10 @@ rend_client_introduction_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ,
 #endif
   tor_assert(circ->rend_data);
 
+  /* For path bias: This circuit was used successfully. Valid
+   * nacks and acks count. */
+  pathbias_mark_use_success(circ);
+
   if (request_len == 0) {
     /* It's an ACK; the introduction point relayed our introduction request. */
     /* Locate the rend circ which is waiting to hear about this ack,
@@ -361,7 +436,7 @@ rend_client_introduction_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ,
       /* Set timestamp_dirty, because circuit_expire_building expects
        * it to specify when a circuit entered the
        * _C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED state. */
-      rendcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+      rendcirc->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
     } else {
       log_info(LD_REND,"...Found no rend circ. Dropping on the floor.");
     }
@@ -369,6 +444,9 @@ rend_client_introduction_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ,
     circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
                            CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACKED);
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
+
+    /* close any other intros launched in parallel */
+    rend_client_close_other_intros(circ->rend_data->onion_address);
   } else {
     /* It's a NAK; the introduction point didn't relay our request. */
     circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING);
@@ -525,7 +603,7 @@ rend_client_purge_last_hid_serv_requests(void)
 
   if (old_last_hid_serv_requests != NULL) {
     log_info(LD_REND, "Purging client last-HS-desc-request-time table");
-    strmap_free(old_last_hid_serv_requests, _tor_free);
+    strmap_free(old_last_hid_serv_requests, tor_free_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -602,7 +680,8 @@ directory_get_from_hs_dir(const char *desc_id, const rend_data_t *rend_query)
   directory_initiate_command_routerstatus_rend(hs_dir,
                                           DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_RENDDESC_V2,
                                           ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL,
-                                          !tor2web_mode, desc_id_base32,
+                                   tor2web_mode?DIRIND_ONEHOP:DIRIND_ANONYMOUS,
+                                          desc_id_base32,
                                           NULL, 0, 0,
                                           rend_query);
   log_info(LD_REND, "Sending fetch request for v2 descriptor for "
@@ -659,10 +738,17 @@ rend_client_refetch_v2_renddesc(const rend_data_t *rend_query)
                                 time(NULL), chosen_replica) < 0) {
       log_warn(LD_REND, "Internal error: Computing v2 rendezvous "
                         "descriptor ID did not succeed.");
-      return;
+      /*
+       * Hmm, can this write anything to descriptor_id and still fail?
+       * Let's clear it just to be safe.
+       *
+       * From here on, any returns should goto done which clears
+       * descriptor_id so we don't leave key-derived material on the stack.
+       */
+      goto done;
     }
     if (directory_get_from_hs_dir(descriptor_id, rend_query) != 0)
-      return; /* either success or failure, but we're done */
+      goto done; /* either success or failure, but we're done */
   }
   /* If we come here, there are no hidden service directories left. */
   log_info(LD_REND, "Could not pick one of the responsible hidden "
@@ -670,6 +756,10 @@ rend_client_refetch_v2_renddesc(const rend_data_t *rend_query)
                     "we already tried them all unsuccessfully.");
   /* Close pending connections. */
   rend_client_desc_trynow(rend_query->onion_address);
+
+ done:
+  memwipe(descriptor_id, 0, sizeof(descriptor_id));
+
   return;
 }
 
@@ -818,7 +908,7 @@ rend_client_rendezvous_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   (void) request;
   (void) request_len;
   /* we just got an ack for our establish-rendezvous. switch purposes. */
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Got a rendezvous ack when we weren't expecting one. "
              "Closing circ.");
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL);
@@ -829,7 +919,14 @@ rend_client_rendezvous_acked(origin_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY);
   /* Set timestamp_dirty, because circuit_expire_building expects it
    * to specify when a circuit entered the _C_REND_READY state. */
-  circ->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+  circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  /* From a path bias point of view, this circuit is now successfully used.
+   * Waiting any longer opens us up to attacks from Bob. He could induce
+   * Alice to attempt to connect to his hidden service and never reply
+   * to her rend requests */
+  pathbias_mark_use_success(circ);
+
   /* XXXX This is a pretty brute-force approach. It'd be better to
    * attach only the connections that are waiting on this circuit, rather
    * than trying to attach them all. See comments bug 743. */
@@ -847,8 +944,8 @@ rend_client_receive_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   crypt_path_t *hop;
   char keys[DIGEST_LEN+CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
 
-  if ((circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY &&
-       circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED)
+  if ((circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY &&
+       circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY_INTRO_ACKED)
       || !circ->build_state->pending_final_cpath) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,"Got rendezvous2 cell from hidden service, but not "
              "expecting it. Closing.");
@@ -868,9 +965,9 @@ rend_client_receive_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   tor_assert(circ->build_state);
   tor_assert(circ->build_state->pending_final_cpath);
   hop = circ->build_state->pending_final_cpath;
-  tor_assert(hop->dh_handshake_state);
+  tor_assert(hop->rend_dh_handshake_state);
   if (crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN,
-                               hop->dh_handshake_state, (char*)request,
+                               hop->rend_dh_handshake_state, (char*)request,
                                DH_KEY_LEN,
                                keys, DIGEST_LEN+CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Couldn't complete DH handshake.");
@@ -886,8 +983,8 @@ rend_client_receive_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
     goto err;
   }
 
-  crypto_dh_free(hop->dh_handshake_state);
-  hop->dh_handshake_state = NULL;
+  crypto_dh_free(hop->rend_dh_handshake_state);
+  hop->rend_dh_handshake_state = NULL;
 
   /* All is well. Extend the circuit. */
   circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_JOINED);
@@ -1172,11 +1269,11 @@ rend_parse_service_authorization(const or_options_t *options,
   strmap_t *parsed = strmap_new();
   smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
   rend_service_authorization_t *auth = NULL;
+  char descriptor_cookie_tmp[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+2];
+  char descriptor_cookie_base64ext[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+2+1];
 
   for (line = options->HidServAuth; line; line = line->next) {
     char *onion_address, *descriptor_cookie;
-    char descriptor_cookie_tmp[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+2];
-    char descriptor_cookie_base64ext[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+2+1];
     int auth_type_val = 0;
     auth = NULL;
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c););
@@ -1222,7 +1319,7 @@ rend_parse_service_authorization(const or_options_t *options,
                descriptor_cookie);
       goto err;
     }
-    auth_type_val = (descriptor_cookie_tmp[16] >> 4) + 1;
+    auth_type_val = (((uint8_t)descriptor_cookie_tmp[16]) >> 4) + 1;
     if (auth_type_val < 1 || auth_type_val > 2) {
       log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Authorization cookie has unknown authorization "
                           "type encoded.");
@@ -1253,6 +1350,8 @@ rend_parse_service_authorization(const or_options_t *options,
   } else {
     strmap_free(parsed, rend_service_authorization_strmap_item_free);
   }
+  memwipe(descriptor_cookie_tmp, 0, sizeof(descriptor_cookie_tmp));
+  memwipe(descriptor_cookie_base64ext, 0, sizeof(descriptor_cookie_base64ext));
   return res;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/rendclient.h b/src/or/rendclient.h
index 393b556e32..1f731d0ae5 100644
--- a/src/or/rendclient.h
+++ b/src/or/rendclient.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for rendclient.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_RENDCLIENT_H
-#define _TOR_RENDCLIENT_H
+#ifndef TOR_RENDCLIENT_H
+#define TOR_RENDCLIENT_H
 
 void rend_client_purge_state(void);
 
diff --git a/src/or/rendcommon.c b/src/or/rendcommon.c
index 76786e0fd1..d1b49411cd 100644
--- a/src/or/rendcommon.c
+++ b/src/or/rendcommon.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ rend_intro_point_free(rend_intro_point_t *intro)
   crypto_pk_free(intro->intro_key);
 
   if (intro->accepted_intro_rsa_parts != NULL) {
-    digestmap_free(intro->accepted_intro_rsa_parts, _tor_free);
+    replaycache_free(intro->accepted_intro_rsa_parts);
   }
 
   tor_free(intro);
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ rend_cache_entry_free(rend_cache_entry_t *e)
 /** Helper: deallocate a rend_cache_entry_t.  (Used with strmap_free(), which
  * requires a function pointer whose argument is void*). */
 static void
-_rend_cache_entry_free(void *p)
+rend_cache_entry_free_(void *p)
 {
   rend_cache_entry_free(p);
 }
@@ -809,8 +809,8 @@ _rend_cache_entry_free(void *p)
 void
 rend_cache_free_all(void)
 {
-  strmap_free(rend_cache, _rend_cache_entry_free);
-  digestmap_free(rend_cache_v2_dir, _rend_cache_entry_free);
+  strmap_free(rend_cache, rend_cache_entry_free_);
+  digestmap_free(rend_cache_v2_dir, rend_cache_entry_free_);
   rend_cache = NULL;
   rend_cache_v2_dir = NULL;
 }
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ rend_cache_purge(void)
 {
   if (rend_cache) {
     log_info(LD_REND, "Purging client/v0-HS-authority HS descriptor cache");
-    strmap_free(rend_cache, _rend_cache_entry_free);
+    strmap_free(rend_cache, rend_cache_entry_free_);
   }
   rend_cache = strmap_new();
 }
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ rend_cache_lookup_entry(const char *query, int version, rend_cache_entry_t **e)
   return 1;
 }
 
-/** <b>query</b> is a base-32'ed service id. If it's malformed, return -1.
+/** <b>query</b> is a base32'ed service id. If it's malformed, return -1.
  * Else look it up.
  *   - If it is found, point *desc to it, and write its length into
  *     *desc_len, and return 1.
@@ -1476,13 +1476,6 @@ rend_process_relay_cell(circuit_t *circ, const crypt_path_t *layer_hint,
              command);
 }
 
-/** Return the number of entries in our rendezvous descriptor cache. */
-int
-rend_cache_size(void)
-{
-  return strmap_size(rend_cache);
-}
-
 /** Allocate and return a new rend_data_t with the same
  * contents as <b>query</b>. */
 rend_data_t *
diff --git a/src/or/rendcommon.h b/src/or/rendcommon.h
index be6bd13d2c..f476593d2b 100644
--- a/src/or/rendcommon.h
+++ b/src/or/rendcommon.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for rendcommon.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_RENDCOMMON_H
-#define _TOR_RENDCOMMON_H
+#ifndef TOR_RENDCOMMON_H
+#define TOR_RENDCOMMON_H
 
 /** Free all storage associated with <b>data</b> */
 static INLINE void
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ int rend_cache_store(const char *desc, size_t desc_len, int published,
 int rend_cache_store_v2_desc_as_client(const char *desc,
                                        const rend_data_t *rend_query);
 int rend_cache_store_v2_desc_as_dir(const char *desc);
-int rend_cache_size(void);
 int rend_encode_v2_descriptors(smartlist_t *descs_out,
                                rend_service_descriptor_t *desc, time_t now,
                                uint8_t period, rend_auth_type_t auth_type,
diff --git a/src/or/rendmid.c b/src/or/rendmid.c
index bacd0ef93e..1bd11f6dc0 100644
--- a/src/or/rendmid.c
+++ b/src/or/rendmid.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ rend_mid_establish_intro(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Received an ESTABLISH_INTRO request on circuit %d",
-           circ->p_circ_id);
+           "Received an ESTABLISH_INTRO request on circuit %u",
+           (unsigned) circ->p_circ_id);
 
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->_base.n_conn) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->base_.n_chan) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
          "Rejecting ESTABLISH_INTRO on non-OR or non-edge circuit.");
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ rend_mid_establish_intro(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
     goto err;
   }
 
-  /* Next 20 bytes: Hash of handshake_digest | "INTRODUCE" */
-  memcpy(buf, circ->handshake_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  /* Next 20 bytes: Hash of rend_circ_nonce | "INTRODUCE" */
+  memcpy(buf, circ->rend_circ_nonce, DIGEST_LEN);
   memcpy(buf+DIGEST_LEN, "INTRODUCE", 9);
   if (crypto_digest(expected_digest, buf, DIGEST_LEN+9) < 0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error computing digest.");
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ rend_mid_establish_intro(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   memcpy(circ->rend_token, pk_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Established introduction point on circuit %d for service %s",
-           circ->p_circ_id, safe_str(serviceid));
+           "Established introduction point on circuit %u for service %s",
+           (unsigned) circ->p_circ_id, safe_str(serviceid));
 
   return 0;
  truncated:
@@ -139,13 +139,13 @@ rend_mid_introduce(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   char serviceid[REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1];
   char nak_body[1];
 
-  log_info(LD_REND, "Received an INTRODUCE1 request on circuit %d",
-           circ->p_circ_id);
+  log_info(LD_REND, "Received an INTRODUCE1 request on circuit %u",
+           (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
 
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->_base.n_conn) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->base_.n_chan) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Rejecting INTRODUCE1 on non-OR or non-edge circuit %d.",
-             circ->p_circ_id);
+             "Rejecting INTRODUCE1 on non-OR or non-edge circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
     goto err;
   }
 
@@ -155,9 +155,9 @@ rend_mid_introduce(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
    */
   if (request_len < (DIGEST_LEN+(MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1)+REND_COOKIE_LEN+
                      DH_KEY_LEN+CIPHER_KEY_LEN+PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING_OVERHEAD)) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Impossibly short INTRODUCE1 cell on circuit %d; "
+    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Impossibly short INTRODUCE1 cell on circuit %u; "
              "responding with nack.",
-             circ->p_circ_id);
+             (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
     goto err;
   }
 
@@ -168,17 +168,17 @@ rend_mid_introduce(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   intro_circ = circuit_get_intro_point((char*)request);
   if (!intro_circ) {
     log_info(LD_REND,
-             "No intro circ found for INTRODUCE1 cell (%s) from circuit %d; "
+             "No intro circ found for INTRODUCE1 cell (%s) from circuit %u; "
              "responding with nack.",
-             safe_str(serviceid), circ->p_circ_id);
+             safe_str(serviceid), (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
     goto err;
   }
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
            "Sending introduction request for service %s "
-           "from circ %d to circ %d",
-           safe_str(serviceid), circ->p_circ_id,
-           intro_circ->p_circ_id);
+           "from circ %u to circ %u",
+           safe_str(serviceid), (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id,
+           (unsigned)intro_circ->p_circ_id);
 
   /* Great.  Now we just relay the cell down the circuit. */
   if (relay_send_command_from_edge(0, TO_CIRCUIT(intro_circ),
@@ -221,10 +221,10 @@ rend_mid_establish_rendezvous(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   char hexid[9];
   int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
 
-  log_info(LD_REND, "Received an ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS request on circuit %d",
-           circ->p_circ_id);
+  log_info(LD_REND, "Received an ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS request on circuit %u",
+           (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
 
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->_base.n_conn) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->base_.n_chan) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
              "Tried to establish rendezvous on non-OR or non-edge circuit.");
     goto err;
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ rend_mid_establish_rendezvous(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   base16_encode(hexid,9,(char*)request,4);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Established rendezvous point on circuit %d for cookie %s",
-           circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
+           "Established rendezvous point on circuit %u for cookie %s",
+           (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
 
   return 0;
  err:
@@ -277,18 +277,18 @@ rend_mid_rendezvous(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   char hexid[9];
   int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
 
-  if (circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->_base.n_conn) {
+  if (circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR || circ->base_.n_chan) {
     log_info(LD_REND,
-             "Tried to complete rendezvous on non-OR or non-edge circuit %d.",
-             circ->p_circ_id);
+             "Tried to complete rendezvous on non-OR or non-edge circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
     goto err;
   }
 
   if (request_len != REND_COOKIE_LEN+DH_KEY_LEN+DIGEST_LEN) {
     log_fn(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, LD_PROTOCOL,
-         "Rejecting RENDEZVOUS1 cell with bad length (%d) on circuit %d.",
-         (int)request_len, circ->p_circ_id);
+         "Rejecting RENDEZVOUS1 cell with bad length (%d) on circuit %u.",
+         (int)request_len, (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
     goto err;
   }
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ rend_mid_rendezvous(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
   base16_encode(hexid, sizeof(hexid), (const char*)request, 4);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Got request for rendezvous from circuit %d to cookie %s.",
-           circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
+           "Got request for rendezvous from circuit %u to cookie %s.",
+           (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
 
   rend_circ = circuit_get_rendezvous((char*)request);
   if (!rend_circ) {
@@ -314,15 +314,15 @@ rend_mid_rendezvous(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
                                    (char*)(request+REND_COOKIE_LEN),
                                    request_len-REND_COOKIE_LEN, NULL)) {
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL,
-             "Unable to send RENDEZVOUS2 cell to client on circuit %d.",
-             rend_circ->p_circ_id);
+             "Unable to send RENDEZVOUS2 cell to client on circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned)rend_circ->p_circ_id);
     goto err;
   }
 
   /* Join the circuits. */
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Completing rendezvous: circuit %d joins circuit %d (cookie %s)",
-           circ->p_circ_id, rend_circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
+           "Completing rendezvous: circuit %u joins circuit %u (cookie %s)",
+           (unsigned)circ->p_circ_id, (unsigned)rend_circ->p_circ_id, hexid);
 
   circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circ), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_REND_ESTABLISHED);
   circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(rend_circ),
diff --git a/src/or/rendmid.h b/src/or/rendmid.h
index 0af6436dea..310276ac96 100644
--- a/src/or/rendmid.h
+++ b/src/or/rendmid.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for rendmid.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_RENDMID_H
-#define _TOR_RENDMID_H
+#ifndef TOR_RENDMID_H
+#define TOR_RENDMID_H
 
 int rend_mid_establish_intro(or_circuit_t *circ, const uint8_t *request,
                              size_t request_len);
diff --git a/src/or/rendservice.c b/src/or/rendservice.c
index d235f089fc..8a4a11e475 100644
--- a/src/or/rendservice.c
+++ b/src/or/rendservice.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * \brief The hidden-service side of rendezvous functionality.
  **/
 
+#define RENDSERVICE_PRIVATE
+
 #include "or.h"
 #include "circuitbuild.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
@@ -21,16 +23,42 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "relay.h"
 #include "rephist.h"
+#include "replaycache.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 static origin_circuit_t *find_intro_circuit(rend_intro_point_t *intro,
                                             const char *pk_digest);
 static rend_intro_point_t *find_intro_point(origin_circuit_t *circ);
 
+static extend_info_t *find_rp_for_intro(
+    const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    uint8_t *need_free_out, char **err_msg_out);
+
 static int intro_point_accepted_intro_count(rend_intro_point_t *intro);
 static int intro_point_should_expire_now(rend_intro_point_t *intro,
                                          time_t now);
+struct rend_service_t;
+static int rend_service_load_keys(struct rend_service_t *s);
+static int rend_service_load_auth_keys(struct rend_service_t *s,
+                                       const char *hfname);
+
+static ssize_t rend_service_parse_intro_for_v0_or_v1(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out);
+static ssize_t rend_service_parse_intro_for_v2(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out);
+static ssize_t rend_service_parse_intro_for_v3(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out);
 
 /** Represents the mapping from a virtual port of a rendezvous service to
  * a real port on some IP.
@@ -60,7 +88,7 @@ typedef struct rend_service_port_config_t {
 
 /** How many seconds should we wait for new HS descriptors to reach
  * our clients before we close an expiring intro point? */
-#define INTRO_POINT_EXPIRATION_GRACE_PERIOD 5*60
+#define INTRO_POINT_EXPIRATION_GRACE_PERIOD (5*60)
 
 /** Represents a single hidden service running at this OP. */
 typedef struct rend_service_t {
@@ -91,16 +119,12 @@ typedef struct rend_service_t {
                          * up-to-date. */
   time_t next_upload_time; /**< Scheduled next hidden service descriptor
                             * upload time. */
-  /** Map from digests of Diffie-Hellman values INTRODUCE2 to time_t
-   * of when they were received.  Clients may send INTRODUCE1 cells
-   * for the same rendezvous point through two or more different
-   * introduction points; when they do, this digestmap keeps us from
-   * launching multiple simultaneous attempts to connect to the same
-   * rend point. */
-  digestmap_t *accepted_intro_dh_parts;
-  /** Time at which we last removed expired values from
-   * accepted_intro_dh_parts. */
-  time_t last_cleaned_accepted_intro_dh_parts;
+  /** Replay cache for Diffie-Hellman values of INTRODUCE2 cells, to
+   * detect repeats.  Clients may send INTRODUCE1 cells for the same
+   * rendezvous point through two or more different introduction points;
+   * when they do, this keeps us from launching multiple simultaneous attempts
+   * to connect to the same rend point. */
+  replaycache_t *accepted_intro_dh_parts;
 } rend_service_t;
 
 /** A list of rend_service_t's for services run on this OP.
@@ -135,7 +159,9 @@ rend_authorized_client_free(rend_authorized_client_t *client)
     return;
   if (client->client_key)
     crypto_pk_free(client->client_key);
+  tor_strclear(client->client_name);
   tor_free(client->client_name);
+  memwipe(client->descriptor_cookie, 0, sizeof(client->descriptor_cookie));
   tor_free(client);
 }
 
@@ -171,7 +197,9 @@ rend_service_free(rend_service_t *service)
       rend_authorized_client_free(c););
     smartlist_free(service->clients);
   }
-  digestmap_free(service->accepted_intro_dh_parts, _tor_free);
+  if (service->accepted_intro_dh_parts) {
+    replaycache_free(service->accepted_intro_dh_parts);
+  }
   tor_free(service);
 }
 
@@ -244,8 +272,8 @@ rend_add_service(rend_service_t *service)
               service->directory);
     for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(service->ports); ++i) {
       p = smartlist_get(service->ports, i);
-      log_debug(LD_REND,"Service maps port %d to %s:%d",
-                p->virtual_port, fmt_addr(&p->real_addr), p->real_port);
+      log_debug(LD_REND,"Service maps port %d to %s",
+                p->virtual_port, fmt_addrport(&p->real_addr, p->real_port));
     }
   }
 }
@@ -515,7 +543,7 @@ rend_config_services(const or_options_t *options, int validate_only)
     /* XXXX it would be nicer if we had a nicer abstraction to use here,
      * so we could just iterate over the list of services to close, but
      * once again, this isn't critical-path code. */
-    for (circ = _circuit_get_global_list(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
+    for (circ = circuit_get_global_list_(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
       if (!circ->marked_for_close &&
           circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
           (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO ||
@@ -565,6 +593,7 @@ rend_service_update_descriptor(rend_service_t *service)
   d = service->desc = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(rend_service_descriptor_t));
   d->pk = crypto_pk_dup_key(service->private_key);
   d->timestamp = time(NULL);
+  d->timestamp -= d->timestamp % 3600; /* Round down to nearest hour */
   d->intro_nodes = smartlist_new();
   /* Support intro protocols 2 and 3. */
   d->protocols = (1 << 2) + (1 << 3);
@@ -582,7 +611,7 @@ rend_service_update_descriptor(rend_service_t *service)
     }
 
     circ = find_intro_circuit(intro_svc, service->pk_digest);
-    if (!circ || circ->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_INTRO) {
+    if (!circ || circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_INTRO) {
       /* This intro point's circuit isn't finished yet.  Don't list it. */
       continue;
     }
@@ -609,231 +638,274 @@ rend_service_update_descriptor(rend_service_t *service)
 
 /** Load and/or generate private keys for all hidden services, possibly
  * including keys for client authorization.  Return 0 on success, -1 on
- * failure.
- */
+ * failure. */
 int
-rend_service_load_keys(void)
+rend_service_load_all_keys(void)
 {
-  int r = 0;
-  char fname[512];
-  char buf[1500];
-
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(rend_service_list, rend_service_t *, s) {
     if (s->private_key)
       continue;
     log_info(LD_REND, "Loading hidden-service keys from \"%s\"",
              s->directory);
 
-    /* Check/create directory */
-    if (check_private_dir(s->directory, CPD_CREATE, get_options()->User) < 0)
+    if (rend_service_load_keys(s) < 0)
       return -1;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(s);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Load and/or generate private keys for the hidden service <b>s</b>,
+ * possibly including keys for client authorization.  Return 0 on success, -1
+ * on failure. */
+static int
+rend_service_load_keys(rend_service_t *s)
+{
+  char fname[512];
+  char buf[128];
+
+  /* Check/create directory */
+  if (check_private_dir(s->directory, CPD_CREATE, get_options()->User) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  /* Load key */
+  if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) ||
+      strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"private_key",sizeof(fname))
+         >= sizeof(fname)) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store key file: \"%s\".",
+             s->directory);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  s->private_key = init_key_from_file(fname, 1, LOG_ERR);
+  if (!s->private_key)
+    return -1;
+
+  /* Create service file */
+  if (rend_get_service_id(s->private_key, s->service_id)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID.");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (crypto_pk_get_digest(s->private_key, s->pk_digest)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't compute hash of public key.");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) ||
+      strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"hostname",sizeof(fname))
+      >= sizeof(fname)) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store hostname file:"
+             " \"%s\".", s->directory);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion\n", s->service_id);
+  if (write_str_to_file(fname,buf,0)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not write onion address to hostname file.");
+    memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+    return -1;
+  }
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
 
-    /* Load key */
-    if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) ||
-        strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"private_key",sizeof(fname))
-                                                  >= sizeof(fname)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store key file: \"%s\".",
-               s->directory);
+  /* If client authorization is configured, load or generate keys. */
+  if (s->auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH) {
+    if (rend_service_load_auth_keys(s, fname) < 0)
       return -1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Load and/or generate client authorization keys for the hidden service
+ * <b>s</b>, which stores its hostname in <b>hfname</b>.  Return 0 on success,
+ * -1 on failure. */
+static int
+rend_service_load_auth_keys(rend_service_t *s, const char *hfname)
+{
+  int r = 0;
+  char cfname[512];
+  char *client_keys_str = NULL;
+  strmap_t *parsed_clients = strmap_new();
+  FILE *cfile, *hfile;
+  open_file_t *open_cfile = NULL, *open_hfile = NULL;
+  char extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1];
+  char desc_cook_out[3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1];
+  char service_id[16+1];
+  char buf[1500];
+
+  /* Load client keys and descriptor cookies, if available. */
+  if (tor_snprintf(cfname, sizeof(cfname), "%s"PATH_SEPARATOR"client_keys",
+                   s->directory)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store client keys "
+             "file: \"%s\".", s->directory);
+    goto err;
+  }
+  client_keys_str = read_file_to_str(cfname, RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL);
+  if (client_keys_str) {
+    if (rend_parse_client_keys(parsed_clients, client_keys_str) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Previously stored client_keys file could not "
+               "be parsed.");
+      goto err;
+    } else {
+      log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Parsed %d previously stored client entries.",
+               strmap_size(parsed_clients));
     }
-    s->private_key = init_key_from_file(fname, 1, LOG_ERR);
-    if (!s->private_key)
-      return -1;
+  }
 
-    /* Create service file */
-    if (rend_get_service_id(s->private_key, s->service_id)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID.");
-      return -1;
+  /* Prepare client_keys and hostname files. */
+  if (!(cfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cfname,
+                                            OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT,
+                                            0600, &open_cfile))) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open client_keys file %s",
+             escaped(cfname));
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (!(hfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(hfname,
+                                            OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT,
+                                            0600, &open_hfile))) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open hostname file %s", escaped(hfname));
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Either use loaded keys for configured clients or generate new
+   * ones if a client is new. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(s->clients, rend_authorized_client_t *, client) {
+    rend_authorized_client_t *parsed =
+      strmap_get(parsed_clients, client->client_name);
+    int written;
+    size_t len;
+    /* Copy descriptor cookie from parsed entry or create new one. */
+    if (parsed) {
+      memcpy(client->descriptor_cookie, parsed->descriptor_cookie,
+             REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
+    } else {
+      crypto_rand(client->descriptor_cookie, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
     }
-    if (crypto_pk_get_digest(s->private_key, s->pk_digest)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't compute hash of public key.");
-      return -1;
+    if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1,
+                      client->descriptor_cookie,
+                      REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie.");
+      goto err;
     }
-    if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) ||
-        strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"hostname",sizeof(fname))
-                                                  >= sizeof(fname)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store hostname file:"
-               " \"%s\".", s->directory);
-      return -1;
+    /* Copy client key from parsed entry or create new one if required. */
+    if (parsed && parsed->client_key) {
+      client->client_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(parsed->client_key);
+    } else if (s->auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH) {
+      /* Create private key for client. */
+      crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL;
+      if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error constructing client key");
+        goto err;
+      }
+      if (crypto_pk_generate_key(prkey)) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error generating client key");
+        crypto_pk_free(prkey);
+        goto err;
+      }
+      if (crypto_pk_check_key(prkey) <= 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG,"Generated client key seems invalid");
+        crypto_pk_free(prkey);
+        goto err;
+      }
+      client->client_key = prkey;
     }
-    tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion\n", s->service_id);
-    if (write_str_to_file(fname,buf,0)<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not write onion address to hostname file.");
-      return -1;
+    /* Add entry to client_keys file. */
+    desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-1] = '\0'; /* Remove newline. */
+    written = tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                           "client-name %s\ndescriptor-cookie %s\n",
+                           client->client_name, desc_cook_out);
+    if (written < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry.");
+      goto err;
     }
-
-    /* If client authorization is configured, load or generate keys. */
-    if (s->auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH) {
-      char *client_keys_str = NULL;
-      strmap_t *parsed_clients = strmap_new();
-      char cfname[512];
-      FILE *cfile, *hfile;
-      open_file_t *open_cfile = NULL, *open_hfile = NULL;
-
-      /* Load client keys and descriptor cookies, if available. */
-      if (tor_snprintf(cfname, sizeof(cfname), "%s"PATH_SEPARATOR"client_keys",
-                       s->directory)<0) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store client keys "
-                 "file: \"%s\".", s->directory);
+    if (client->client_key) {
+      char *client_key_out = NULL;
+      if (crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string(client->client_key,
+                                                &client_key_out, &len) != 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: "
+                 "crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string() failed.");
         goto err;
       }
-      client_keys_str = read_file_to_str(cfname, RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL);
-      if (client_keys_str) {
-        if (rend_parse_client_keys(parsed_clients, client_keys_str) < 0) {
-          log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Previously stored client_keys file could not "
-                              "be parsed.");
-          goto err;
-        } else {
-          log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Parsed %d previously stored client entries.",
-                   strmap_size(parsed_clients));
-          tor_free(client_keys_str);
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* Prepare client_keys and hostname files. */
-      if (!(cfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cfname,
-                                                OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT,
-                                                0600, &open_cfile))) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open client_keys file %s",
-                 escaped(cfname));
+      if (rend_get_service_id(client->client_key, service_id)<0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID.");
+        /*
+         * len is string length, not buffer length, but last byte is NUL
+         * anyway.
+         */
+        memwipe(client_key_out, 0, len);
+        tor_free(client_key_out);
         goto err;
       }
-      if (!(hfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(fname,
-                                                OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT,
-                                                0600, &open_hfile))) {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open hostname file %s", escaped(fname));
+      written = tor_snprintf(buf + written, sizeof(buf) - written,
+                             "client-key\n%s", client_key_out);
+      memwipe(client_key_out, 0, len);
+      tor_free(client_key_out);
+      if (written < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry.");
         goto err;
       }
+    }
 
-      /* Either use loaded keys for configured clients or generate new
-       * ones if a client is new. */
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(s->clients, rend_authorized_client_t *, client)
-      {
-        char desc_cook_out[3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1];
-        char service_id[16+1];
-        rend_authorized_client_t *parsed =
-            strmap_get(parsed_clients, client->client_name);
-        int written;
-        size_t len;
-        /* Copy descriptor cookie from parsed entry or create new one. */
-        if (parsed) {
-          memcpy(client->descriptor_cookie, parsed->descriptor_cookie,
-                 REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
-        } else {
-          crypto_rand(client->descriptor_cookie, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
-        }
-        if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1,
-                          client->descriptor_cookie,
-                          REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) < 0) {
-          log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie.");
-          strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free);
-          return -1;
-        }
-        /* Copy client key from parsed entry or create new one if required. */
-        if (parsed && parsed->client_key) {
-          client->client_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(parsed->client_key);
-        } else if (s->auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH) {
-          /* Create private key for client. */
-          crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL;
-          if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error constructing client key");
-            goto err;
-          }
-          if (crypto_pk_generate_key(prkey)) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error generating client key");
-            crypto_pk_free(prkey);
-            goto err;
-          }
-          if (crypto_pk_check_key(prkey) <= 0) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG,"Generated client key seems invalid");
-            crypto_pk_free(prkey);
-            goto err;
-          }
-          client->client_key = prkey;
-        }
-        /* Add entry to client_keys file. */
-        desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-1] = '\0'; /* Remove newline. */
-        written = tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
-                               "client-name %s\ndescriptor-cookie %s\n",
-                               client->client_name, desc_cook_out);
-        if (written < 0) {
-          log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry.");
-          goto err;
-        }
-        if (client->client_key) {
-          char *client_key_out = NULL;
-          crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string(client->client_key,
-                                                &client_key_out, &len);
-          if (rend_get_service_id(client->client_key, service_id)<0) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID.");
-            tor_free(client_key_out);
-            goto err;
-          }
-          written = tor_snprintf(buf + written, sizeof(buf) - written,
-                                 "client-key\n%s", client_key_out);
-          tor_free(client_key_out);
-          if (written < 0) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry.");
-            goto err;
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (fputs(buf, cfile) < 0) {
-          log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append client entry to file: %s",
-                   strerror(errno));
-          goto err;
-        }
-
-        /* Add line to hostname file. */
-        if (s->auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH) {
-          /* Remove == signs (newline has been removed above). */
-          desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-2] = '\0';
-          tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n",
-                       s->service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name);
-        } else {
-          char extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1];
-          memcpy(extended_desc_cookie, client->descriptor_cookie,
-                 REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
-          extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN] =
-              ((int)s->auth_type - 1) << 4;
-          if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1,
-                            extended_desc_cookie,
-                            REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1) < 0) {
-            log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie.");
-            goto err;
-          }
-          desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-3] = '\0'; /* Remove A= and
-                                                            newline. */
-          tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n",
-                       service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name);
-        }
+    if (fputs(buf, cfile) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append client entry to file: %s",
+               strerror(errno));
+      goto err;
+    }
 
-        if (fputs(buf, hfile)<0) {
-          log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append host entry to file: %s",
-                   strerror(errno));
-          goto err;
-        }
+    /* Add line to hostname file. */
+    if (s->auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH) {
+      /* Remove == signs (newline has been removed above). */
+      desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-2] = '\0';
+      tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n",
+                   s->service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name);
+    } else {
+      memcpy(extended_desc_cookie, client->descriptor_cookie,
+             REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
+      extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN] =
+        ((int)s->auth_type - 1) << 4;
+      if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1,
+                        extended_desc_cookie,
+                        REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie.");
+        goto err;
       }
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(client);
+      desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-3] = '\0'; /* Remove A= and
+                                                        newline. */
+      tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n",
+                   service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name);
+    }
 
-      goto done;
-    err:
-      r = -1;
-    done:
-      tor_free(client_keys_str);
-      strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free);
-      if (r<0) {
-        if (open_cfile)
-          abort_writing_to_file(open_cfile);
-        if (open_hfile)
-          abort_writing_to_file(open_hfile);
-        return r;
-      } else {
-        finish_writing_to_file(open_cfile);
-        finish_writing_to_file(open_hfile);
-      }
+    if (fputs(buf, hfile)<0) {
+      log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append host entry to file: %s",
+               strerror(errno));
+      goto err;
     }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(s);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(client);
+
+  finish_writing_to_file(open_cfile);
+  finish_writing_to_file(open_hfile);
+
+  goto done;
+ err:
+  r = -1;
+  if (open_cfile)
+    abort_writing_to_file(open_cfile);
+  if (open_hfile)
+    abort_writing_to_file(open_hfile);
+ done:
+  if (client_keys_str) {
+    tor_strclear(client_keys_str);
+    tor_free(client_keys_str);
+  }
+  strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free);
+
+  memwipe(cfname, 0, sizeof(cfname));
+
+  /* Clear stack buffers that held key-derived material. */
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+  memwipe(desc_cook_out, 0, sizeof(desc_cook_out));
+  memwipe(service_id, 0, sizeof(service_id));
+  memwipe(extended_desc_cookie, 0, sizeof(extended_desc_cookie));
+
   return r;
 }
 
@@ -860,7 +932,7 @@ rend_service_requires_uptime(rend_service_t *service)
 
   for (i=0; i < smartlist_len(service->ports); ++i) {
     p = smartlist_get(service->ports, i);
-    if (smartlist_string_num_isin(get_options()->LongLivedPorts,
+    if (smartlist_contains_int_as_string(get_options()->LongLivedPorts,
                                   p->virtual_port))
       return 1;
   }
@@ -906,26 +978,6 @@ rend_check_authorization(rend_service_t *service,
   return 1;
 }
 
-/** Remove elements from <b>service</b>'s replay cache that are old enough to
- * be noticed by timestamp checking. */
-static void
-clean_accepted_intro_dh_parts(rend_service_t *service, time_t now)
-{
-  const time_t cutoff = now - REND_REPLAY_TIME_INTERVAL;
-
-  service->last_cleaned_accepted_intro_dh_parts = now;
-  if (!service->accepted_intro_dh_parts)
-    return;
-
-  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_MODIFY(service->accepted_intro_dh_parts, digest,
-                           time_t *, t) {
-    if (*t < cutoff) {
-      tor_free(t);
-      MAP_DEL_CURRENT(digest);
-    }
-  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
-}
-
 /** Called when <b>intro</b> will soon be removed from
  * <b>service</b>'s list of intro points. */
 static void
@@ -1033,42 +1085,51 @@ rend_service_note_removing_intro_point(rend_service_t *service,
 /** Respond to an INTRODUCE2 cell by launching a circuit to the chosen
  * rendezvous point.
  */
- /* XXXX024 this function sure could use some organizing. -RD */
 int
 rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
                        size_t request_len)
 {
-  char *ptr, *r_cookie;
-  extend_info_t *extend_info = NULL;
+  /* Global status stuff */
+  int status = 0, result;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+  const char *stage_descr = NULL;
+  int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+  /* Service/circuit/key stuff we can learn before parsing */
+  char serviceid[REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1];
+  rend_service_t *service = NULL;
+  rend_intro_point_t *intro_point = NULL;
+  crypto_pk_t *intro_key = NULL;
+  /* Parsed cell */
+  rend_intro_cell_t *parsed_req = NULL;
+  /* Rendezvous point */
+  extend_info_t *rp = NULL;
+  /*
+   * We need to look up and construct the extend_info_t for v0 and v1,
+   * but all the info is in the cell and it's constructed by the parser
+   * for v2 and v3, so freeing it would be a double-free.  Use this to
+   * keep track of whether we should free it.
+   */
+  uint8_t need_rp_free = 0;
+  /* XXX not handled yet */
   char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
   char keys[DIGEST_LEN+CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN]; /* Holds KH, Df, Db, Kf, Kb */
-  rend_service_t *service;
-  rend_intro_point_t *intro_point;
-  int r, i, v3_shift = 0;
-  size_t len, keylen;
+  int i;
   crypto_dh_t *dh = NULL;
   origin_circuit_t *launched = NULL;
   crypt_path_t *cpath = NULL;
-  char serviceid[REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1];
   char hexcookie[9];
   int circ_needs_uptime;
-  int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
-  crypto_pk_t *intro_key;
-  char intro_key_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-  int auth_type;
-  size_t auth_len = 0;
-  char auth_data[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN];
-  crypto_digest_t *digest = NULL;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
-  char diffie_hellman_hash[DIGEST_LEN];
-  time_t *access_time;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  time_t elapsed;
+  int replay;
 
-  if (circuit->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_INTRO) {
+  /* Do some initial validation and logging before we parse the cell */
+  if (circuit->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_INTRO) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "Got an INTRODUCE2 over a non-introduction circuit %d.",
-             circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
-    return -1;
+             "Got an INTRODUCE2 over a non-introduction circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned) circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    goto err;
   }
 
 #ifndef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED
@@ -1076,218 +1137,150 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
 #endif
   tor_assert(circuit->rend_data);
 
+  /* We'll use this in a bazillion log messages */
   base32_encode(serviceid, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1,
                 circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN);
-  log_info(LD_REND, "Received INTRODUCE2 cell for service %s on circ %d.",
-           escaped(serviceid), circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
-
-  /* min key length plus digest length plus nickname length */
-  if (request_len < DIGEST_LEN+REND_COOKIE_LEN+(MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1)+
-      DH_KEY_LEN+42) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Got a truncated INTRODUCE2 cell on circ %d.",
-             circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
-    return -1;
-  }
 
   /* look up service depending on circuit. */
-  service = rend_service_get_by_pk_digest(
-                circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest);
+  service =
+    rend_service_get_by_pk_digest(circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest);
   if (!service) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an intro "
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an intro "
              "circ for an unrecognized service %s.",
              escaped(serviceid));
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  /* use intro key instead of service key. */
-  intro_key = circuit->intro_key;
-
-  /* first DIGEST_LEN bytes of request is intro or service pk digest */
-  crypto_pk_get_digest(intro_key, intro_key_digest);
-  if (tor_memneq(intro_key_digest, request, DIGEST_LEN)) {
-    base32_encode(serviceid, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1,
-                  (char*)request, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN);
-    log_warn(LD_REND, "Got an INTRODUCE2 cell for the wrong service (%s).",
-             escaped(serviceid));
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  keylen = crypto_pk_keysize(intro_key);
-  if (request_len < keylen+DIGEST_LEN) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
-             "PK-encrypted portion of INTRODUCE2 cell was truncated.");
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   intro_point = find_intro_point(circuit);
   if (intro_point == NULL) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an intro circ "
-             "(for service %s) with no corresponding rend_intro_point_t.",
+    log_warn(LD_BUG,
+             "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an "
+             "intro circ (for service %s) with no corresponding "
+             "rend_intro_point_t.",
              escaped(serviceid));
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (!service->accepted_intro_dh_parts)
-    service->accepted_intro_dh_parts = digestmap_new();
-
-  if (!intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts)
-    intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts = digestmap_new();
-
-  {
-    char pkpart_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-    /* Check for replay of PK-encrypted portion. */
-    crypto_digest(pkpart_digest, (char*)request+DIGEST_LEN, keylen);
-    access_time = digestmap_get(intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts,
-                                pkpart_digest);
-    if (access_time != NULL) {
-      log_warn(LD_REND, "Possible replay detected! We received an "
-               "INTRODUCE2 cell with same PK-encrypted part %d seconds ago. "
-               "Dropping cell.", (int)(now-*access_time));
-      return -1;
-    }
-    access_time = tor_malloc(sizeof(time_t));
-    *access_time = now;
-    digestmap_set(intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts,
-                  pkpart_digest, access_time);
-  }
-
-  /* Next N bytes is encrypted with service key */
-  note_crypto_pk_op(REND_SERVER);
-  r = crypto_pk_private_hybrid_decrypt(
-       intro_key,buf,sizeof(buf),
-       (char*)(request+DIGEST_LEN),request_len-DIGEST_LEN,
-       PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,1);
-  if (r<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Couldn't decrypt INTRODUCE2 cell.");
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
-  len = r;
-  if (*buf == 3) {
-    /* Version 3 INTRODUCE2 cell. */
-    v3_shift = 1;
-    auth_type = buf[1];
-    switch (auth_type) {
-      case REND_BASIC_AUTH:
-        /* fall through */
-      case REND_STEALTH_AUTH:
-        auth_len = ntohs(get_uint16(buf+2));
-        if (auth_len != REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) {
-          log_info(LD_REND, "Wrong auth data size %d, should be %d.",
-                   (int)auth_len, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
-          return -1;
-        }
-        memcpy(auth_data, buf+4, sizeof(auth_data));
-        v3_shift += 2+REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN;
-        break;
-      case REND_NO_AUTH:
-        break;
-      default:
-        log_info(LD_REND, "Unknown authorization type '%d'", auth_type);
-    }
 
-    /* Skip the timestamp field.  We no longer use it. */
-    v3_shift += 4;
-  }
-  if (*buf == 2 || *buf == 3) {
-    /* Version 2 INTRODUCE2 cell. */
-    int klen;
-    extend_info = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(extend_info_t));
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&extend_info->addr, get_uint32(buf+v3_shift+1));
-    extend_info->port = ntohs(get_uint16(buf+v3_shift+5));
-    memcpy(extend_info->identity_digest, buf+v3_shift+7,
-           DIGEST_LEN);
-    extend_info->nickname[0] = '$';
-    base16_encode(extend_info->nickname+1, sizeof(extend_info->nickname)-1,
-                  extend_info->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-
-    klen = ntohs(get_uint16(buf+v3_shift+7+DIGEST_LEN));
-    if ((int)len != v3_shift+7+DIGEST_LEN+2+klen+20+128) {
-      log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Bad length %u for version %d INTRODUCE2 cell.",
-               (int)len, *buf);
-      reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
-      goto err;
-    }
-    extend_info->onion_key =
-        crypto_pk_asn1_decode(buf+v3_shift+7+DIGEST_LEN+2, klen);
-    if (!extend_info->onion_key) {
-      log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Error decoding onion key in version %d "
-                            "INTRODUCE2 cell.", *buf);
-      reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
-      goto err;
-    }
-    ptr = buf+v3_shift+7+DIGEST_LEN+2+klen;
-    len -= v3_shift+7+DIGEST_LEN+2+klen;
-  } else {
-    char *rp_nickname;
-    size_t nickname_field_len;
-    const node_t *node;
-    int version;
-    if (*buf == 1) {
-      rp_nickname = buf+1;
-      nickname_field_len = MAX_HEX_NICKNAME_LEN+1;
-      version = 1;
-    } else {
-      nickname_field_len = MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1;
-      rp_nickname = buf;
-      version = 0;
-    }
-    ptr=memchr(rp_nickname,0,nickname_field_len);
-    if (!ptr || ptr == rp_nickname) {
-      log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
-               "Couldn't find a nul-padded nickname in INTRODUCE2 cell.");
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if ((version == 0 && !is_legal_nickname(rp_nickname)) ||
-        (version == 1 && !is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(rp_nickname))) {
-      log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Bad nickname in INTRODUCE2 cell.");
-      return -1;
-    }
-    /* Okay, now we know that a nickname is at the start of the buffer. */
-    ptr = rp_nickname+nickname_field_len;
-    len -= nickname_field_len;
-    len -= rp_nickname - buf; /* also remove header space used by version, if
-                               * any */
-    node = node_get_by_nickname(rp_nickname, 0);
-    if (!node) {
-      log_info(LD_REND, "Couldn't find router %s named in introduce2 cell.",
-               escaped_safe_str_client(rp_nickname));
-      /* XXXX Add a no-such-router reason? */
-      reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
-      goto err;
-    }
+  log_info(LD_REND, "Received INTRODUCE2 cell for service %s on circ %u.",
+           escaped(serviceid), (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
 
-    extend_info = extend_info_from_node(node, 0);
-  }
+  /* use intro key instead of service key. */
+  intro_key = circuit->intro_key;
 
-  if (len != REND_COOKIE_LEN+DH_KEY_LEN) {
-    log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Bad length %u for INTRODUCE2 cell.", (int)len);
-    reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
+  tor_free(err_msg);
+  stage_descr = NULL;
+
+  stage_descr = "early parsing";
+  /* Early parsing pass (get pk, ciphertext); type 2 is INTRODUCE2 */
+  parsed_req =
+    rend_service_begin_parse_intro(request, request_len, 2, &err_msg);
+  if (!parsed_req) {
+    goto log_error;
+  } else if (err_msg) {
+    log_info(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u.", err_msg,
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    tor_free(err_msg);
+  }
+
+  stage_descr = "early validation";
+  /* Early validation of pk/ciphertext part */
+  result = rend_service_validate_intro_early(parsed_req, &err_msg);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    goto log_error;
+  } else if (err_msg) {
+    log_info(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u.", err_msg,
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    tor_free(err_msg);
+  }
+
+  /* make sure service replay caches are present */
+  if (!service->accepted_intro_dh_parts) {
+    service->accepted_intro_dh_parts =
+      replaycache_new(REND_REPLAY_TIME_INTERVAL,
+                      REND_REPLAY_TIME_INTERVAL);
+  }
+
+  if (!intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts) {
+    intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts = replaycache_new(0, 0);
+  }
+
+  /* check for replay of PK-encrypted portion. */
+  replay = replaycache_add_test_and_elapsed(
+    intro_point->accepted_intro_rsa_parts,
+    parsed_req->ciphertext, (int)parsed_req->ciphertext_len,
+    &elapsed);
+
+  if (replay) {
+    log_warn(LD_REND,
+             "Possible replay detected! We received an "
+             "INTRODUCE2 cell with same PK-encrypted part %d "
+             "seconds ago.  Dropping cell.",
+             (int)elapsed);
     goto err;
   }
 
+  stage_descr = "decryption";
+  /* Now try to decrypt it */
+  result = rend_service_decrypt_intro(parsed_req, intro_key, &err_msg);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    goto log_error;
+  } else if (err_msg) {
+    log_info(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u.", err_msg,
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    tor_free(err_msg);
+  }
+
+  stage_descr = "late parsing";
+  /* Parse the plaintext */
+  result = rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext(parsed_req, &err_msg);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    goto log_error;
+  } else if (err_msg) {
+    log_info(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u.", err_msg,
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    tor_free(err_msg);
+  }
+
+  stage_descr = "late validation";
+  /* Validate the parsed plaintext parts */
+  result = rend_service_validate_intro_late(parsed_req, &err_msg);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    goto log_error;
+  } else if (err_msg) {
+    log_info(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u.", err_msg,
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
+    tor_free(err_msg);
+  }
+  stage_descr = NULL;
+
+  /* Increment INTRODUCE2 counter */
+  ++(intro_point->accepted_introduce2_count);
+
+  /* Find the rendezvous point */
+  rp = find_rp_for_intro(parsed_req, &need_rp_free, &err_msg);
+  if (!rp)
+    goto log_error;
+
   /* Check if we'd refuse to talk to this router */
   if (options->StrictNodes &&
-      routerset_contains_extendinfo(options->ExcludeNodes, extend_info)) {
+      routerset_contains_extendinfo(options->ExcludeNodes, rp)) {
     log_warn(LD_REND, "Client asked to rendezvous at a relay that we "
              "exclude, and StrictNodes is set. Refusing service.");
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL; /* XXX might leak why we refused */
     goto err;
   }
 
-  r_cookie = ptr;
-  base16_encode(hexcookie,9,r_cookie,4);
-
-  /* Determine hash of Diffie-Hellman, part 1 to detect replays. */
-  digest = crypto_digest_new();
-  crypto_digest_add_bytes(digest, ptr+REND_COOKIE_LEN, DH_KEY_LEN);
-  crypto_digest_get_digest(digest, diffie_hellman_hash, DIGEST_LEN);
-  crypto_digest_free(digest);
+  base16_encode(hexcookie, 9, (const char *)(parsed_req->rc), 4);
 
   /* Check whether there is a past request with the same Diffie-Hellman,
    * part 1. */
-  access_time = digestmap_get(service->accepted_intro_dh_parts,
-                              diffie_hellman_hash);
-  if (access_time != NULL) {
+  replay = replaycache_add_test_and_elapsed(
+      service->accepted_intro_dh_parts,
+      parsed_req->dh, DH_KEY_LEN,
+      &elapsed);
+
+  if (replay) {
     /* A Tor client will send a new INTRODUCE1 cell with the same rend
      * cookie and DH public key as its previous one if its intro circ
      * times out while in state CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCE_ACK_WAIT .
@@ -1299,25 +1292,15 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
              "INTRODUCE2 cell with same first part of "
              "Diffie-Hellman handshake %d seconds ago. Dropping "
              "cell.",
-             (int) (now - *access_time));
+             (int) elapsed);
     goto err;
   }
 
-  /* Add request to access history, including time and hash of Diffie-Hellman,
-   * part 1, and possibly remove requests from the history that are older than
-   * one hour. */
-  access_time = tor_malloc(sizeof(time_t));
-  *access_time = now;
-  digestmap_set(service->accepted_intro_dh_parts,
-                diffie_hellman_hash, access_time);
-  if (service->last_cleaned_accepted_intro_dh_parts + REND_REPLAY_TIME_INTERVAL
-      < now)
-    clean_accepted_intro_dh_parts(service, now);
-
   /* If the service performs client authorization, check included auth data. */
   if (service->clients) {
-    if (auth_len > 0) {
-      if (rend_check_authorization(service, auth_data)) {
+    if (parsed_req->version == 3 && parsed_req->u.v3.auth_len > 0) {
+      if (rend_check_authorization(service,
+                                   (const char*)parsed_req->u.v3.auth_data)) {
         log_info(LD_REND, "Authorization data in INTRODUCE2 cell are valid.");
       } else {
         log_info(LD_REND, "The authorization data that are contained in "
@@ -1341,7 +1324,8 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
     goto err;
   }
-  if (crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, dh, ptr+REND_COOKIE_LEN,
+  if (crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, dh,
+                               (char *)(parsed_req->dh),
                                DH_KEY_LEN, keys,
                                DIGEST_LEN+CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't complete DH handshake");
@@ -1360,7 +1344,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
     int flags = CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_CAPACITY | CIRCLAUNCH_IS_INTERNAL;
     if (circ_needs_uptime) flags |= CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_UPTIME;
     launched = circuit_launch_by_extend_info(
-                        CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND, extend_info, flags);
+                        CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND, rp, flags);
 
     if (launched)
       break;
@@ -1368,7 +1352,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
   if (!launched) { /* give up */
     log_warn(LD_REND, "Giving up launching first hop of circuit to rendezvous "
              "point %s for service %s.",
-             safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(extend_info)),
+             safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(rp)),
              serviceid);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_CONNECTFAILED;
     goto err;
@@ -1376,7 +1360,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
   log_info(LD_REND,
            "Accepted intro; launching circuit to %s "
            "(cookie %s) for service %s.",
-           safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(extend_info)),
+           safe_str_client(extend_info_describe(rp)),
            hexcookie, serviceid);
   tor_assert(launched->build_state);
   /* Fill in the circuit's state. */
@@ -1384,7 +1368,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
   memcpy(launched->rend_data->rend_pk_digest,
          circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest,
          DIGEST_LEN);
-  memcpy(launched->rend_data->rend_cookie, r_cookie, REND_COOKIE_LEN);
+  memcpy(launched->rend_data->rend_cookie, parsed_req->rc, REND_COOKIE_LEN);
   strlcpy(launched->rend_data->onion_address, service->service_id,
           sizeof(launched->rend_data->onion_address));
 
@@ -1397,24 +1381,875 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
   cpath->magic = CRYPT_PATH_MAGIC;
   launched->build_state->expiry_time = now + MAX_REND_TIMEOUT;
 
-  cpath->dh_handshake_state = dh;
+  cpath->rend_dh_handshake_state = dh;
   dh = NULL;
   if (circuit_init_cpath_crypto(cpath,keys+DIGEST_LEN,1)<0)
     goto err;
-  memcpy(cpath->handshake_digest, keys, DIGEST_LEN);
-  if (extend_info) extend_info_free(extend_info);
+  memcpy(cpath->rend_circ_nonce, keys, DIGEST_LEN);
 
-  memwipe(keys, 0, sizeof(keys));
-  return 0;
+  goto done;
+
+ log_error:
+  if (!err_msg) {
+    if (stage_descr) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "unknown %s error for INTRODUCE2", stage_descr);
+    } else {
+      err_msg = tor_strdup("unknown error for INTRODUCE2");
+    }
+  }
+
+  log_warn(LD_REND, "%s on circ %u", err_msg,
+           (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
  err:
-  memwipe(keys, 0, sizeof(keys));
+  status = -1;
   if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh);
-  if (launched)
+  if (launched) {
     circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(launched), reason);
-  if (extend_info) extend_info_free(extend_info);
+  }
+  tor_free(err_msg);
+
+ done:
+  memwipe(keys, 0, sizeof(keys));
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+  memwipe(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid));
+  memwipe(hexcookie, 0, sizeof(hexcookie));
+
+  /* Free the parsed cell */
+  if (parsed_req) {
+    rend_service_free_intro(parsed_req);
+    parsed_req = NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Free rp if we must */
+  if (need_rp_free) extend_info_free(rp);
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/** Given a parsed and decrypted INTRODUCE2, find the rendezvous point or
+ * return NULL and an error string if we can't.
+ */
+
+static extend_info_t *
+find_rp_for_intro(const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                  uint8_t *need_free_out, char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  extend_info_t *rp = NULL;
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+  const char *rp_nickname = NULL;
+  const node_t *node = NULL;
+  uint8_t need_free = 0;
+
+  if (!intro || !need_free_out) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      err_msg = tor_strdup("Bad parameters to find_rp_for_intro()");
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (intro->version == 0 || intro->version == 1) {
+    if (intro->version == 1) rp_nickname = (const char *)(intro->u.v1.rp);
+    else rp_nickname = (const char *)(intro->u.v0.rp);
+
+    node = node_get_by_nickname(rp_nickname, 0);
+    if (!node) {
+      if (err_msg_out) {
+        tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                     "Couldn't find router %s named in INTRODUCE2 cell",
+                     escaped_safe_str_client(rp_nickname));
+      }
+
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    rp = extend_info_from_node(node, 0);
+    if (!rp) {
+      if (err_msg_out) {
+        tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                     "Could build extend_info_t for router %s named "
+                     "in INTRODUCE2 cell",
+                     escaped_safe_str_client(rp_nickname));
+      }
+
+      goto err;
+    } else {
+      need_free = 1;
+    }
+  } else if (intro->version == 2) {
+    rp = intro->u.v2.extend_info;
+  } else if (intro->version == 3) {
+    rp = intro->u.v3.extend_info;
+  } else {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "Unknown version %d in INTRODUCE2 cell",
+                   (int)(intro->version));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  if (err_msg_out) *err_msg_out = err_msg;
+  else tor_free(err_msg);
+
+ done:
+  if (rp && need_free_out) *need_free_out = need_free;
+
+  return rp;
+}
+
+/** Remove unnecessary parts from a rend_intro_cell_t - the ciphertext if
+ * already decrypted, the plaintext too if already parsed
+ */
+
+void
+rend_service_compact_intro(rend_intro_cell_t *request)
+{
+  if (!request) return;
+
+  if ((request->plaintext && request->plaintext_len > 0) ||
+       request->parsed) {
+    tor_free(request->ciphertext);
+    request->ciphertext_len = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (request->parsed) {
+    tor_free(request->plaintext);
+    request->plaintext_len = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Free a parsed INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2 cell that was allocated by
+ * rend_service_parse_intro().
+ */
+void
+rend_service_free_intro(rend_intro_cell_t *request)
+{
+  if (!request) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "rend_service_free_intro() called with NULL request!");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Free ciphertext */
+  tor_free(request->ciphertext);
+  request->ciphertext_len = 0;
+
+  /* Have plaintext? */
+  if (request->plaintext) {
+    /* Zero it out just to be safe */
+    memwipe(request->plaintext, 0, request->plaintext_len);
+    tor_free(request->plaintext);
+    request->plaintext_len = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Have parsed plaintext? */
+  if (request->parsed) {
+    switch (request->version) {
+      case 0:
+      case 1:
+        /*
+         * Nothing more to do; these formats have no further pointers
+         * in them.
+         */
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        extend_info_free(request->u.v2.extend_info);
+        request->u.v2.extend_info = NULL;
+        break;
+      case 3:
+        if (request->u.v3.auth_data) {
+          memwipe(request->u.v3.auth_data, 0, request->u.v3.auth_len);
+          tor_free(request->u.v3.auth_data);
+        }
+
+        extend_info_free(request->u.v3.extend_info);
+        request->u.v3.extend_info = NULL;
+        break;
+      default:
+        log_info(LD_BUG,
+                 "rend_service_free_intro() saw unknown protocol "
+                 "version %d.",
+                 request->version);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Zero it out to make sure sensitive stuff doesn't hang around in memory */
+  memwipe(request, 0, sizeof(*request));
+
+  tor_free(request);
+}
+
+/** Parse an INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2 cell into a newly allocated
+ * rend_intro_cell_t structure.  Free it with rend_service_free_intro()
+ * when finished.  The type parameter should be 1 or 2 to indicate whether
+ * this is INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2.  This parses only the non-encrypted
+ * parts; after this, call rend_service_decrypt_intro() with a key, then
+ * rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext() to finish parsing.  The optional
+ * err_msg_out parameter is set to a string suitable for log output
+ * if parsing fails.  This function does some validation, but only
+ * that which depends solely on the contents of the cell and the
+ * key; it can be unit-tested.  Further validation is done in
+ * rend_service_validate_intro().
+ */
+
+rend_intro_cell_t *
+rend_service_begin_parse_intro(const uint8_t *request,
+                               size_t request_len,
+                               uint8_t type,
+                               char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  rend_intro_cell_t *rv = NULL;
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+
+  if (!request || request_len <= 0) goto err;
+  if (!(type == 1 || type == 2)) goto err;
+
+  /* First, check that the cell is long enough to be a sensible INTRODUCE */
+
+  /* min key length plus digest length plus nickname length */
+  if (request_len <
+        (DIGEST_LEN + REND_COOKIE_LEN + (MAX_NICKNAME_LEN + 1) +
+         DH_KEY_LEN + 42)) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "got a truncated INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   (int)type);
+    }
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate a new parsed cell structure */
+  rv = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*rv));
+
+  /* Set the type */
+  rv->type = type;
+
+  /* Copy in the ID */
+  memcpy(rv->pk, request, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  /* Copy in the ciphertext */
+  rv->ciphertext = tor_malloc(request_len - DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(rv->ciphertext, request + DIGEST_LEN, request_len - DIGEST_LEN);
+  rv->ciphertext_len = request_len - DIGEST_LEN;
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  if (rv) rend_service_free_intro(rv);
+  rv = NULL;
+  if (err_msg_out && !err_msg) {
+    tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                 "unknown INTRODUCE%d error",
+                 (int)type);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  if (err_msg_out) *err_msg_out = err_msg;
+  else tor_free(err_msg);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/** Parse the version-specific parts of a v0 or v1 INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2
+ * cell
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+rend_service_parse_intro_for_v0_or_v1(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  const char *rp_nickname, *endptr;
+  size_t nickname_field_len, ver_specific_len;
+
+  if (intro->version == 1) {
+    ver_specific_len = MAX_HEX_NICKNAME_LEN + 2;
+    rp_nickname = ((const char *)buf) + 1;
+    nickname_field_len = MAX_HEX_NICKNAME_LEN + 1;
+  } else if (intro->version == 0) {
+    ver_specific_len = MAX_NICKNAME_LEN + 1;
+    rp_nickname = (const char *)buf;
+    nickname_field_len = MAX_NICKNAME_LEN + 1;
+  } else {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "rend_service_parse_intro_for_v0_or_v1() called with "
+                   "bad version %d on INTRODUCE%d cell (this is a bug)",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (plaintext_len < ver_specific_len) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "short plaintext of encrypted part in v1 INTRODUCE%d "
+                   "cell (%lu bytes, needed %lu)",
+                   (int)(intro->type),
+                   (unsigned long)plaintext_len,
+                   (unsigned long)ver_specific_len);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  endptr = memchr(rp_nickname, 0, nickname_field_len);
+  if (!endptr || endptr == rp_nickname) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "couldn't find a nul-padded nickname in "
+                   "INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if ((intro->version == 0 &&
+       !is_legal_nickname(rp_nickname)) ||
+      (intro->version == 1 &&
+       !is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(rp_nickname))) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "bad nickname in INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (intro->version == 1) {
+    memcpy(intro->u.v1.rp, rp_nickname, endptr - rp_nickname + 1);
+  } else {
+    memcpy(intro->u.v0.rp, rp_nickname, endptr - rp_nickname + 1);
+  }
+
+  return ver_specific_len;
+
+ err:
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/** Parse the version-specific parts of a v2 INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2 cell
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+rend_service_parse_intro_for_v2(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  unsigned int klen;
+  extend_info_t *extend_info = NULL;
+  ssize_t ver_specific_len;
+
+  /*
+   * We accept version 3 too so that the v3 parser can call this with
+   * and adjusted buffer for the latter part of a v3 cell, which is
+   * identical to a v2 cell.
+   */
+  if (!(intro->version == 2 ||
+        intro->version == 3)) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "rend_service_parse_intro_for_v2() called with "
+                   "bad version %d on INTRODUCE%d cell (this is a bug)",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* 7 == version, IP and port, DIGEST_LEN == id, 2 == key length */
+  if (plaintext_len < 7 + DIGEST_LEN + 2) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "truncated plaintext of encrypted parted of "
+                   "version %d INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  extend_info = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(extend_info_t));
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4n(&extend_info->addr, get_uint32(buf + 1));
+  extend_info->port = ntohs(get_uint16(buf + 5));
+  memcpy(extend_info->identity_digest, buf + 7, DIGEST_LEN);
+  extend_info->nickname[0] = '$';
+  base16_encode(extend_info->nickname + 1, sizeof(extend_info->nickname) - 1,
+                extend_info->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  klen = ntohs(get_uint16(buf + 7 + DIGEST_LEN));
+
+  /* 7 == version, IP and port, DIGEST_LEN == id, 2 == key length */
+  if (plaintext_len < 7 + DIGEST_LEN + 2 + klen) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "truncated plaintext of encrypted parted of "
+                   "version %d INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  extend_info->onion_key =
+    crypto_pk_asn1_decode((const char *)(buf + 7 + DIGEST_LEN + 2), klen);
+  if (!extend_info->onion_key) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "error decoding onion key in version %d "
+                   "INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (intro->type));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  ver_specific_len = 7+DIGEST_LEN+2+klen;
+
+  if (intro->version == 2) intro->u.v2.extend_info = extend_info;
+  else intro->u.v3.extend_info = extend_info;
+
+  return ver_specific_len;
+
+ err:
+  extend_info_free(extend_info);
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/** Parse the version-specific parts of a v3 INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2 cell
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+rend_service_parse_intro_for_v3(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    const uint8_t *buf,
+    size_t plaintext_len,
+    char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  ssize_t adjust, v2_ver_specific_len, ts_offset;
+
+  /* This should only be called on v3 cells */
+  if (intro->version != 3) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "rend_service_parse_intro_for_v3() called with "
+                   "bad version %d on INTRODUCE%d cell (this is a bug)",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Check that we have at least enough to get auth_len:
+   *
+   * 1 octet for version, 1 for auth_type, 2 for auth_len
+   */
+  if (plaintext_len < 4) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "truncated plaintext of encrypted parted of "
+                   "version %d INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * The rend_client_send_introduction() function over in rendclient.c is
+   * broken (i.e., fails to match the spec) in such a way that we can't
+   * change it without breaking the protocol.  Specifically, it doesn't
+   * emit auth_len when auth-type is REND_NO_AUTH, so everything is off
+   * by two bytes after that.  Calculate ts_offset and do everything from
+   * the timestamp on relative to that to handle this dain bramage.
+   */
+
+  intro->u.v3.auth_type = buf[1];
+  if (intro->u.v3.auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH) {
+    intro->u.v3.auth_len = ntohs(get_uint16(buf + 2));
+    ts_offset = 4 + intro->u.v3.auth_len;
+  } else {
+    intro->u.v3.auth_len = 0;
+    ts_offset = 2;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that auth len makes sense for this auth type */
+  if (intro->u.v3.auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH ||
+      intro->u.v3.auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH) {
+      if (intro->u.v3.auth_len != REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) {
+        if (err_msg_out) {
+          tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                       "wrong auth data size %d for INTRODUCE%d cell, "
+                       "should be %d",
+                       (int)(intro->u.v3.auth_len),
+                       (int)(intro->type),
+                       REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN);
+        }
+
+        goto err;
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Check that we actually have everything up through the timestamp */
+  if (plaintext_len < (size_t)(ts_offset)+4) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                   "truncated plaintext of encrypted parted of "
+                   "version %d INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   intro->version,
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (intro->u.v3.auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH &&
+      intro->u.v3.auth_len > 0) {
+    /* Okay, we can go ahead and copy auth_data */
+    intro->u.v3.auth_data = tor_malloc(intro->u.v3.auth_len);
+    /*
+     * We know we had an auth_len field in this case, so 4 is
+     * always right.
+     */
+    memcpy(intro->u.v3.auth_data, buf + 4, intro->u.v3.auth_len);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * From here on, the format is as in v2, so we call the v2 parser with
+   * adjusted buffer and length.  We are 4 + ts_offset octets in, but the
+   * v2 parser expects to skip over a version byte at the start, so we
+   * adjust by 3 + ts_offset.
+   */
+  adjust = 3 + ts_offset;
+
+  v2_ver_specific_len =
+    rend_service_parse_intro_for_v2(intro,
+                                    buf + adjust, plaintext_len - adjust,
+                                    err_msg_out);
+
+  /* Success in v2 parser */
+  if (v2_ver_specific_len >= 0) return v2_ver_specific_len + adjust;
+  /* Failure in v2 parser; it will have provided an err_msg */
+  else return v2_ver_specific_len;
+
+ err:
   return -1;
 }
 
+/** Table of parser functions for version-specific parts of an INTRODUCE2
+ * cell.
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+  (*intro_version_handlers[])(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *,
+    const uint8_t *,
+    size_t,
+    char **) =
+{ rend_service_parse_intro_for_v0_or_v1,
+  rend_service_parse_intro_for_v0_or_v1,
+  rend_service_parse_intro_for_v2,
+  rend_service_parse_intro_for_v3 };
+
+/** Decrypt the encrypted part of an INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2 cell,
+ * return 0 if successful, or < 0 and write an error message to
+ * *err_msg_out if provided.
+ */
+
+int
+rend_service_decrypt_intro(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    crypto_pk_t *key,
+    char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+  uint8_t key_digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+  char service_id[REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1];
+  ssize_t key_len;
+  uint8_t buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  int result, status = 0;
+
+  if (!intro || !key) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      err_msg =
+        tor_strdup("rend_service_decrypt_intro() called with bad "
+                   "parameters");
+    }
+
+    status = -2;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure we have ciphertext */
+  if (!(intro->ciphertext) || intro->ciphertext_len <= 0) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "rend_intro_cell_t was missing ciphertext for "
+                   "INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+    status = -3;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that this cell actually matches this service key */
+
+  /* first DIGEST_LEN bytes of request is intro or service pk digest */
+  crypto_pk_get_digest(key, (char *)key_digest);
+  if (tor_memneq(key_digest, intro->pk, DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      base32_encode(service_id, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32 + 1,
+                    (char*)(intro->pk), REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN);
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "got an INTRODUCE%d cell for the wrong service (%s)",
+                   (int)(intro->type),
+                   escaped(service_id));
+    }
+
+    status = -4;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure the encrypted part is long enough to decrypt */
+
+  key_len = crypto_pk_keysize(key);
+  if (intro->ciphertext_len < key_len) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "got an INTRODUCE%d cell with a truncated PK-encrypted "
+                   "part",
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+
+    status = -5;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Decrypt the encrypted part */
+
+  note_crypto_pk_op(REND_SERVER);
+  result =
+    crypto_pk_private_hybrid_decrypt(
+       key, (char *)buf, sizeof(buf),
+       (const char *)(intro->ciphertext), intro->ciphertext_len,
+       PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 1);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "couldn't decrypt INTRODUCE%d cell",
+                   (int)(intro->type));
+    }
+    status = -6;
+    goto err;
+  }
+  intro->plaintext_len = result;
+  intro->plaintext = tor_malloc(intro->plaintext_len);
+  memcpy(intro->plaintext, buf, intro->plaintext_len);
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  if (err_msg_out && !err_msg) {
+    tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                 "unknown INTRODUCE%d error decrypting encrypted part",
+                 (int)(intro->type));
+  }
+  if (status >= 0) status = -1;
+
+ done:
+  if (err_msg_out) *err_msg_out = err_msg;
+  else tor_free(err_msg);
+
+  /* clean up potentially sensitive material */
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+  memwipe(key_digest, 0, sizeof(key_digest));
+  memwipe(service_id, 0, sizeof(service_id));
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/** Parse the plaintext of the encrypted part of an INTRODUCE1 or
+ * INTRODUCE2 cell, return 0 if successful, or < 0 and write an error
+ * message to *err_msg_out if provided.
+ */
+
+int
+rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext(
+    rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+    char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+  ssize_t ver_specific_len, ver_invariant_len;
+  uint8_t version;
+  int status = 0;
+
+  if (!intro) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      err_msg =
+        tor_strdup("rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext() called with NULL "
+                   "rend_intro_cell_t");
+    }
+
+    status = -2;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that we have plaintext */
+  if (!(intro->plaintext) || intro->plaintext_len <= 0) {
+    if (err_msg_out) {
+      err_msg = tor_strdup("rend_intro_cell_t was missing plaintext");
+    }
+    status = -3;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* In all formats except v0, the first byte is a version number */
+  version = intro->plaintext[0];
+
+  /* v0 has no version byte (stupid...), so handle it as a fallback */
+  if (version > 3) version = 0;
+
+  /* Copy the version into the parsed cell structure */
+  intro->version = version;
+
+  /* Call the version-specific parser from the table */
+  ver_specific_len =
+    intro_version_handlers[version](intro,
+                                    intro->plaintext, intro->plaintext_len,
+                                    &err_msg);
+  if (ver_specific_len < 0) {
+    status = -4;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /** The rendezvous cookie and Diffie-Hellman stuff are version-invariant
+   * and at the end of the plaintext of the encrypted part of the cell.
+   */
+
+  ver_invariant_len = intro->plaintext_len - ver_specific_len;
+  if (ver_invariant_len < REND_COOKIE_LEN + DH_KEY_LEN) {
+    tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+        "decrypted plaintext of INTRODUCE%d cell was truncated (%ld bytes)",
+        (int)(intro->type),
+        (long)(intro->plaintext_len));
+    status = -5;
+    goto err;
+  } else if (ver_invariant_len > REND_COOKIE_LEN + DH_KEY_LEN) {
+    tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+        "decrypted plaintext of INTRODUCE%d cell was too long (%ld bytes)",
+        (int)(intro->type),
+        (long)(intro->plaintext_len));
+    status = -6;
+  } else {
+    memcpy(intro->rc,
+           intro->plaintext + ver_specific_len,
+           REND_COOKIE_LEN);
+    memcpy(intro->dh,
+           intro->plaintext + ver_specific_len + REND_COOKIE_LEN,
+           DH_KEY_LEN);
+  }
+
+  /* Flag it as being fully parsed */
+  intro->parsed = 1;
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  if (err_msg_out && !err_msg) {
+    tor_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                 "unknown INTRODUCE%d error parsing encrypted part",
+                 (int)(intro->type));
+  }
+  if (status >= 0) status = -1;
+
+ done:
+  if (err_msg_out) *err_msg_out = err_msg;
+  else tor_free(err_msg);
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/** Do validity checks on a parsed intro cell before decryption; some of
+ * these are not done in rend_service_begin_parse_intro() itself because
+ * they depend on a lot of other state and would make it hard to unit test.
+ * Returns >= 0 if successful or < 0 if the intro cell is invalid, and
+ * optionally writes out an error message for logging.  If an err_msg
+ * pointer is provided, it is the caller's responsibility to free any
+ * provided message.
+ */
+
+int
+rend_service_validate_intro_early(const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                                  char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  int status = 0;
+
+  if (!intro) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      *err_msg_out =
+        tor_strdup("NULL intro cell passed to "
+                   "rend_service_validate_intro_early()");
+
+    status = -1;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO */
+
+ err:
+  return status;
+}
+
+/** Do validity checks on a parsed intro cell after decryption; some of
+ * these are not done in rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext() itself because
+ * they depend on a lot of other state and would make it hard to unit test.
+ * Returns >= 0 if successful or < 0 if the intro cell is invalid, and
+ * optionally writes out an error message for logging.  If an err_msg
+ * pointer is provided, it is the caller's responsibility to free any
+ * provided message.
+ */
+
+int
+rend_service_validate_intro_late(const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                                 char **err_msg_out)
+{
+  int status = 0;
+
+  if (!intro) {
+    if (err_msg_out)
+      *err_msg_out =
+        tor_strdup("NULL intro cell passed to "
+                   "rend_service_validate_intro_late()");
+
+    status = -1;
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (intro->version == 3 && intro->parsed) {
+    if (!(intro->u.v3.auth_type == REND_NO_AUTH ||
+          intro->u.v3.auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH ||
+          intro->u.v3.auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH)) {
+      /* This is an informative message, not an error, as in the old code */
+      if (err_msg_out)
+        tor_asprintf(err_msg_out,
+                     "unknown authorization type %d",
+                     intro->u.v3.auth_type);
+    }
+  }
+
+ err:
+  return status;
+}
+
 /** Called when we fail building a rendezvous circuit at some point other
  * than the last hop: launches a new circuit to the same rendezvous point.
  */
@@ -1424,7 +2259,7 @@ rend_service_relaunch_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *oldcirc)
   origin_circuit_t *newcirc;
   cpath_build_state_t *newstate, *oldstate;
 
-  tor_assert(oldcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND);
+  tor_assert(oldcirc->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND);
 
   /* Don't relaunch the same rend circ twice. */
   if (oldcirc->hs_service_side_rend_circ_has_been_relaunched) {
@@ -1529,7 +2364,7 @@ rend_service_launch_establish_intro(rend_service_t *service,
           sizeof(launched->rend_data->onion_address));
   memcpy(launched->rend_data->rend_pk_digest, service->pk_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
   launched->intro_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(intro->intro_key);
-  if (launched->_base.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
+  if (launched->base_.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
     rend_service_intro_has_opened(launched);
   return 0;
 }
@@ -1541,7 +2376,7 @@ count_established_intro_points(const char *query)
 {
   int num_ipos = 0;
   circuit_t *circ;
-  for (circ = _circuit_get_global_list(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
+  for (circ = circuit_get_global_list_(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
     if (!circ->marked_for_close &&
         circ->state == CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN &&
         (circ->purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO ||
@@ -1570,7 +2405,7 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
   int reason = END_CIRC_REASON_TORPROTOCOL;
   crypto_pk_t *intro_key;
 
-  tor_assert(circuit->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO);
+  tor_assert(circuit->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO);
 #ifndef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED
   tor_assert(!(circuit->build_state->onehop_tunnel));
 #endif
@@ -1583,8 +2418,8 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
   service = rend_service_get_by_pk_digest(
                 circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest);
   if (!service) {
-    log_warn(LD_REND, "Unrecognized service ID %s on introduction circuit %d.",
-             serviceid, circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
+    log_warn(LD_REND, "Unrecognized service ID %s on introduction circuit %u.",
+             serviceid, (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NOSUCHSERVICE;
     goto err;
   }
@@ -1600,8 +2435,8 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
          this case, we might as well close the thing. */
       log_info(LD_CIRC|LD_REND, "We have just finished an introduction "
                "circuit, but we already have enough.  Closing it.");
-      circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), END_CIRC_REASON_NONE);
-      return;
+      reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NONE;
+      goto err;
     } else {
       tor_assert(circuit->build_state->is_internal);
       log_info(LD_CIRC|LD_REND, "We have just finished an introduction "
@@ -1622,13 +2457,13 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
       }
 
       circuit_has_opened(circuit);
-      return;
+      goto done;
     }
   }
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Established circuit %d as introduction point for service %s",
-           circuit->_base.n_circ_id, serviceid);
+           "Established circuit %u as introduction point for service %s",
+           (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id, serviceid);
 
   /* Use the intro key instead of the service key in ESTABLISH_INTRO. */
   intro_key = circuit->intro_key;
@@ -1643,7 +2478,7 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
   len = r;
   set_uint16(buf, htons((uint16_t)len));
   len += 2;
-  memcpy(auth, circuit->cpath->prev->handshake_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(auth, circuit->cpath->prev->rend_circ_nonce, DIGEST_LEN);
   memcpy(auth+DIGEST_LEN, "INTRODUCE", 9);
   if (crypto_digest(buf+len, auth, DIGEST_LEN+9))
     goto err;
@@ -1662,15 +2497,25 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
                                    RELAY_COMMAND_ESTABLISH_INTRO,
                                    buf, len, circuit->cpath->prev)<0) {
     log_info(LD_GENERAL,
-             "Couldn't send introduction request for service %s on circuit %d",
-             serviceid, circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
+             "Couldn't send introduction request for service %s on circuit %u",
+             serviceid, (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
     goto err;
   }
 
-  return;
+  /* We've attempted to use this circuit */
+  pathbias_count_use_attempt(circuit);
+
+  goto done;
+
  err:
   circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), reason);
+ done:
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+  memwipe(auth, 0, sizeof(auth));
+  memwipe(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid));
+
+  return;
 }
 
 /** Called when we get an INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell; mark the circuit as a
@@ -1686,7 +2531,7 @@ rend_service_intro_established(origin_circuit_t *circuit,
   (void) request;
   (void) request_len;
 
-  if (circuit->_base.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO) {
+  if (circuit->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO) {
     log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL,
              "received INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell on non-intro circuit.");
     goto err;
@@ -1695,8 +2540,8 @@ rend_service_intro_established(origin_circuit_t *circuit,
   service = rend_service_get_by_pk_digest(
                 circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest);
   if (!service) {
-    log_warn(LD_REND, "Unknown service on introduction circuit %d.",
-             circuit->_base.n_circ_id);
+    log_warn(LD_REND, "Unknown service on introduction circuit %u.",
+             (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id);
     goto err;
   }
   service->desc_is_dirty = time(NULL);
@@ -1705,8 +2550,12 @@ rend_service_intro_established(origin_circuit_t *circuit,
   base32_encode(serviceid, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32 + 1,
                 circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN);
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Received INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell on circuit %d for service %s",
-           circuit->_base.n_circ_id, serviceid);
+           "Received INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell on circuit %u for service %s",
+           (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id, serviceid);
+
+  /* Getting a valid INTRODUCE_ESTABLISHED means we've successfully
+   * used the circ */
+  pathbias_mark_use_success(circuit);
 
   return 0;
  err:
@@ -1727,13 +2576,21 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
   char hexcookie[9];
   int reason;
 
-  tor_assert(circuit->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND);
+  tor_assert(circuit->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_CONNECT_REND);
   tor_assert(circuit->cpath);
   tor_assert(circuit->build_state);
 #ifndef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED
   tor_assert(!(circuit->build_state->onehop_tunnel));
 #endif
   tor_assert(circuit->rend_data);
+
+  /* Declare the circuit dirty to avoid reuse, and for path-bias */
+  if (!circuit->base_.timestamp_dirty)
+    circuit->base_.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL);
+
+  /* This may be redundant */
+  pathbias_count_use_attempt(circuit);
+
   hop = circuit->build_state->service_pending_final_cpath_ref->cpath;
 
   base16_encode(hexcookie,9,circuit->rend_data->rend_cookie,4);
@@ -1741,9 +2598,9 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
                 circuit->rend_data->rend_pk_digest, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN);
 
   log_info(LD_REND,
-           "Done building circuit %d to rendezvous with "
+           "Done building circuit %u to rendezvous with "
            "cookie %s for service %s",
-           circuit->_base.n_circ_id, hexcookie, serviceid);
+           (unsigned)circuit->base_.n_circ_id, hexcookie, serviceid);
 
   /* Clear the 'in-progress HS circ has timed out' flag for
    * consistency with what happens on the client side; this line has
@@ -1777,13 +2634,13 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
 
   /* All we need to do is send a RELAY_RENDEZVOUS1 cell... */
   memcpy(buf, circuit->rend_data->rend_cookie, REND_COOKIE_LEN);
-  if (crypto_dh_get_public(hop->dh_handshake_state,
+  if (crypto_dh_get_public(hop->rend_dh_handshake_state,
                            buf+REND_COOKIE_LEN, DH_KEY_LEN)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Couldn't get DH public key.");
     reason = END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL;
     goto err;
   }
-  memcpy(buf+REND_COOKIE_LEN+DH_KEY_LEN, hop->handshake_digest,
+  memcpy(buf+REND_COOKIE_LEN+DH_KEY_LEN, hop->rend_circ_nonce,
          DIGEST_LEN);
 
   /* Send the cell */
@@ -1796,8 +2653,8 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
     goto err;
   }
 
-  crypto_dh_free(hop->dh_handshake_state);
-  hop->dh_handshake_state = NULL;
+  crypto_dh_free(hop->rend_dh_handshake_state);
+  hop->rend_dh_handshake_state = NULL;
 
   /* Append the cpath entry. */
   hop->state = CPATH_STATE_OPEN;
@@ -1813,9 +2670,16 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit)
   /* Change the circuit purpose. */
   circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED);
 
-  return;
+  goto done;
+
  err:
   circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), reason);
+ done:
+  memwipe(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+  memwipe(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid));
+  memwipe(hexcookie, 0, sizeof(hexcookie));
+
+  return;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1876,7 +2740,7 @@ find_intro_point(origin_circuit_t *circ)
   if (service == NULL) return NULL;
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(service->intro_nodes, rend_intro_point_t *, intro_point,
-    if (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(intro_point->intro_key, circ->intro_key) == 0) {
+    if (crypto_pk_eq_keys(intro_point->intro_key, circ->intro_key)) {
       return intro_point;
     });
 
@@ -1912,7 +2776,7 @@ directory_post_to_hs_dir(rend_service_descriptor_t *renddesc,
       char *hs_dir_ip;
       const node_t *node;
       hs_dir = smartlist_get(responsible_dirs, j);
-      if (smartlist_digest_isin(renddesc->successful_uploads,
+      if (smartlist_contains_digest(renddesc->successful_uploads,
                                 hs_dir->identity_digest))
         /* Don't upload descriptor if we succeeded in doing so last time. */
         continue;
@@ -1929,7 +2793,8 @@ directory_post_to_hs_dir(rend_service_descriptor_t *renddesc,
       directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(hs_dir,
                                               DIR_PURPOSE_UPLOAD_RENDDESC_V2,
                                               ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL,
-                                              1, NULL, desc->desc_str,
+                                              DIRIND_ANONYMOUS, NULL,
+                                              desc->desc_str,
                                               strlen(desc->desc_str), 0);
       base32_encode(desc_id_base32, sizeof(desc_id_base32),
                     desc->desc_id, DIGEST_LEN);
@@ -1946,7 +2811,8 @@ directory_post_to_hs_dir(rend_service_descriptor_t *renddesc,
                hs_dir->or_port);
       tor_free(hs_dir_ip);
       /* Remember successful upload to this router for next time. */
-      if (!smartlist_digest_isin(successful_uploads, hs_dir->identity_digest))
+      if (!smartlist_contains_digest(successful_uploads,
+                                     hs_dir->identity_digest))
         smartlist_add(successful_uploads, hs_dir->identity_digest);
     }
     smartlist_clear(responsible_dirs);
@@ -1964,7 +2830,7 @@ directory_post_to_hs_dir(rend_service_descriptor_t *renddesc,
     if (!renddesc->successful_uploads)
       renddesc->successful_uploads = smartlist_new();
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(successful_uploads, const char *, c, {
-      if (!smartlist_digest_isin(renddesc->successful_uploads, c)) {
+      if (!smartlist_contains_digest(renddesc->successful_uploads, c)) {
         char *hsdir_id = tor_memdup(c, DIGEST_LEN);
         smartlist_add(renddesc->successful_uploads, hsdir_id);
       }
@@ -2091,11 +2957,7 @@ upload_service_descriptor(rend_service_t *service)
 static int
 intro_point_accepted_intro_count(rend_intro_point_t *intro)
 {
-  if (intro->accepted_intro_rsa_parts == NULL) {
-    return 0;
-  } else {
-    return digestmap_size(intro->accepted_intro_rsa_parts);
-  }
+  return intro->accepted_introduce2_count;
 }
 
 /** Return non-zero iff <b>intro</b> should 'expire' now (i.e. we
@@ -2201,7 +3063,8 @@ rend_services_introduce(void)
       if (intro->time_expiring + INTRO_POINT_EXPIRATION_GRACE_PERIOD > now) {
         /* This intro point has completely expired.  Remove it, and
          * mark the circuit for close if it's still alive. */
-        if (intro_circ != NULL) {
+        if (intro_circ != NULL &&
+            intro_circ->base_.purpose != CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_PATH_BIAS_TESTING) {
           circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(intro_circ),
                                  END_CIRC_REASON_FINISHED);
         }
@@ -2299,7 +3162,7 @@ rend_services_introduce(void)
          j < (int)n_intro_points_to_open;
          ++j) { /* XXXX remove casts */
       router_crn_flags_t flags = CRN_NEED_UPTIME|CRN_NEED_DESC;
-      if (get_options()->_AllowInvalid & ALLOW_INVALID_INTRODUCTION)
+      if (get_options()->AllowInvalid_ & ALLOW_INVALID_INTRODUCTION)
         flags |= CRN_ALLOW_INVALID;
       node = router_choose_random_node(intro_nodes,
                                        options->ExcludeNodes, flags);
@@ -2436,7 +3299,7 @@ rend_service_dump_stats(int severity)
 
   for (i=0; i < smartlist_len(rend_service_list); ++i) {
     service = smartlist_get(rend_service_list, i);
-    log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Service configured in \"%s\":",
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Service configured in \"%s\":",
         service->directory);
     for (j=0; j < smartlist_len(service->intro_nodes); ++j) {
       intro = smartlist_get(service->intro_nodes, j);
@@ -2444,12 +3307,12 @@ rend_service_dump_stats(int severity)
 
       circ = find_intro_circuit(intro, service->pk_digest);
       if (!circ) {
-        log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "  Intro point %d at %s: no circuit",
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "  Intro point %d at %s: no circuit",
             j, safe_name);
         continue;
       }
-      log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "  Intro point %d at %s: circuit is %s",
-          j, safe_name, circuit_state_to_string(circ->_base.state));
+      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "  Intro point %d at %s: circuit is %s",
+          j, safe_name, circuit_state_to_string(circ->base_.state));
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2468,7 +3331,7 @@ rend_service_set_connection_addr_port(edge_connection_t *conn,
   smartlist_t *matching_ports;
   rend_service_port_config_t *chosen_port;
 
-  tor_assert(circ->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED);
+  tor_assert(circ->base_.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED);
   tor_assert(circ->rend_data);
   log_debug(LD_REND,"beginning to hunt for addr/port");
   base32_encode(serviceid, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN_BASE32+1,
@@ -2477,26 +3340,26 @@ rend_service_set_connection_addr_port(edge_connection_t *conn,
                 circ->rend_data->rend_pk_digest);
   if (!service) {
     log_warn(LD_REND, "Couldn't find any service associated with pk %s on "
-             "rendezvous circuit %d; closing.",
-             serviceid, circ->_base.n_circ_id);
+             "rendezvous circuit %u; closing.",
+             serviceid, (unsigned)circ->base_.n_circ_id);
     return -1;
   }
   matching_ports = smartlist_new();
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(service->ports, rend_service_port_config_t *, p,
   {
-    if (conn->_base.port == p->virtual_port) {
+    if (conn->base_.port == p->virtual_port) {
       smartlist_add(matching_ports, p);
     }
   });
   chosen_port = smartlist_choose(matching_ports);
   smartlist_free(matching_ports);
   if (chosen_port) {
-    tor_addr_copy(&conn->_base.addr, &chosen_port->real_addr);
-    conn->_base.port = chosen_port->real_port;
+    tor_addr_copy(&conn->base_.addr, &chosen_port->real_addr);
+    conn->base_.port = chosen_port->real_port;
     return 0;
   }
   log_info(LD_REND, "No virtual port mapping exists for port %d on service %s",
-           conn->_base.port,serviceid);
+           conn->base_.port,serviceid);
   return -1;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/or/rendservice.h b/src/or/rendservice.h
index e5848785a8..caf88a3d64 100644
--- a/src/or/rendservice.h
+++ b/src/or/rendservice.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,12 +9,68 @@
  * \brief Header file for rendservice.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_RENDSERVICE_H
-#define _TOR_RENDSERVICE_H
+#ifndef TOR_RENDSERVICE_H
+#define TOR_RENDSERVICE_H
+
+#include "or.h"
+
+typedef struct rend_intro_cell_s rend_intro_cell_t;
+
+#ifdef RENDSERVICE_PRIVATE
+
+/* This can be used for both INTRODUCE1 and INTRODUCE2 */
+
+struct rend_intro_cell_s {
+  /* Is this an INTRODUCE1 or INTRODUCE2? (set to 1 or 2) */
+  uint8_t type;
+  /* Public key digest */
+  uint8_t pk[DIGEST_LEN];
+  /* Optionally, store ciphertext here */
+  uint8_t *ciphertext;
+  ssize_t ciphertext_len;
+  /* Optionally, store plaintext */
+  uint8_t *plaintext;
+  ssize_t plaintext_len;
+  /* Have we parsed the plaintext? */
+  uint8_t parsed;
+  /* intro protocol version (0, 1, 2 or 3) */
+  uint8_t version;
+  /* Version-specific parts */
+  union {
+    struct {
+      /* Rendezvous point nickname */
+      uint8_t rp[20];
+    } v0;
+    struct {
+      /* Rendezvous point nickname or hex-encoded key digest */
+      uint8_t rp[42];
+    } v1;
+    struct {
+      /* The extend_info_t struct has everything v2 uses */
+      extend_info_t *extend_info;
+    } v2;
+    struct {
+      /* Auth type used */
+      uint8_t auth_type;
+      /* Length of auth data */
+      uint16_t auth_len;
+      /* Auth data */
+      uint8_t *auth_data;
+      /* Rendezvous point's IP address/port, identity digest and onion key */
+      extend_info_t *extend_info;
+    } v3;
+  } u;
+  /* Rendezvous cookie */
+  uint8_t rc[REND_COOKIE_LEN];
+  /* Diffie-Hellman data */
+  uint8_t dh[DH_KEY_LEN];
+};
+
+#endif
 
 int num_rend_services(void);
 int rend_config_services(const or_options_t *options, int validate_only);
-int rend_service_load_keys(void);
+int rend_service_load_all_keys(void);
 void rend_services_introduce(void);
 void rend_consider_services_upload(time_t now);
 void rend_hsdir_routers_changed(void);
@@ -27,6 +83,21 @@ int rend_service_intro_established(origin_circuit_t *circuit,
 void rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit);
 int rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request,
                            size_t request_len);
+void rend_service_compact_intro(rend_intro_cell_t *request);
+int rend_service_decrypt_intro(rend_intro_cell_t *request,
+                               crypto_pk_t *key,
+                               char **err_msg_out);
+void rend_service_free_intro(rend_intro_cell_t *request);
+rend_intro_cell_t * rend_service_begin_parse_intro(const uint8_t *request,
+                                                   size_t request_len,
+                                                   uint8_t type,
+                                                   char **err_msg_out);
+int rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext(rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                                       char **err_msg_out);
+int rend_service_validate_intro_early(const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                                      char **err_msg_out);
+int rend_service_validate_intro_late(const rend_intro_cell_t *intro,
+                                     char **err_msg_out);
 void rend_service_relaunch_rendezvous(origin_circuit_t *oldcirc);
 int rend_service_set_connection_addr_port(edge_connection_t *conn,
                                           origin_circuit_t *circ);
diff --git a/src/or/rephist.c b/src/or/rephist.c
index 3b0d9dd35f..2948bf8f00 100644
--- a/src/or/rephist.c
+++ b/src/or/rephist.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ get_link_history(const char *from_id, const char *to_id)
 
 /** Helper: free storage held by a single link history entry. */
 static void
-_free_link_history(void *val)
+free_link_history_(void *val)
 {
   rephist_total_alloc -= sizeof(link_history_t);
   tor_free(val);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ static void
 free_or_history(void *_hist)
 {
   or_history_t *hist = _hist;
-  digestmap_free(hist->link_history_map, _free_link_history);
+  digestmap_free(hist->link_history_map, free_link_history_);
   rephist_total_alloc -= sizeof(or_history_t);
   rephist_total_num--;
   tor_free(hist);
@@ -310,9 +310,10 @@ rep_hist_note_router_reachable(const char *id, const tor_addr_t *at_addr,
   tor_assert(hist);
   tor_assert((!at_addr && !at_port) || (at_addr && at_port));
 
-  addr_changed = at_addr &&
+  addr_changed = at_addr && !tor_addr_is_null(&hist->last_reached_addr) &&
     tor_addr_compare(at_addr, &hist->last_reached_addr, CMP_EXACT) != 0;
-  port_changed = at_port && at_port != hist->last_reached_port;
+  port_changed = at_port && hist->last_reached_port &&
+                 at_port != hist->last_reached_port;
 
   if (!started_tracking_stability)
     started_tracking_stability = time(NULL);
@@ -422,6 +423,21 @@ rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(const char *id, time_t when)
   }
 }
 
+/** Mark a router with ID <b>id</b> as non-Running, and retroactively declare
+ * that it has never been running: give it no stability and no WFU. */
+void
+rep_hist_make_router_pessimal(const char *id, time_t when)
+{
+  or_history_t *hist = get_or_history(id);
+  tor_assert(hist);
+
+  rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(id, when);
+  mark_or_down(hist, when, 1);
+
+  hist->weighted_run_length = 0;
+  hist->weighted_uptime = 0;
+}
+
 /** Helper: Discount all old MTBF data, if it is time to do so.  Return
  * the time at which we should next discount MTBF data. */
 time_t
@@ -648,7 +664,7 @@ rep_hist_dump_stats(time_t now, int severity)
 
   rep_history_clean(now - get_options()->RephistTrackTime);
 
-  log(severity, LD_HIST, "--------------- Dumping history information:");
+  tor_log(severity, LD_HIST, "--------------- Dumping history information:");
 
   for (orhist_it = digestmap_iter_init(history_map);
        !digestmap_iter_done(orhist_it);
@@ -673,7 +689,7 @@ rep_hist_dump_stats(time_t now, int severity)
     } else {
       uptime=1.0;
     }
-    log(severity, LD_HIST,
+    tor_log(severity, LD_HIST,
         "OR %s [%s]: %ld/%ld good connections; uptime %ld/%ld sec (%.2f%%); "
         "wmtbf %lu:%02lu:%02lu",
         name1, hexdigest1,
@@ -707,7 +723,7 @@ rep_hist_dump_stats(time_t now, int severity)
         else
           len += ret;
       }
-      log(severity, LD_HIST, "%s", buffer);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_HIST, "%s", buffer);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1136,7 +1152,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now)
     wfu_timebuf[0] = '\0';
 
     if (format == 1) {
-      n = sscanf(line, "%40s %ld %lf S=%10s %8s",
+      n = tor_sscanf(line, "%40s %ld %lf S=%10s %8s",
                  hexbuf, &wrl, &trw, mtbf_timebuf, mtbf_timebuf+11);
       if (n != 3 && n != 5) {
         log_warn(LD_HIST, "Couldn't scan line %s", escaped(line));
@@ -1153,7 +1169,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now)
       wfu_idx = find_next_with(lines, i+1, "+WFU ");
       if (mtbf_idx >= 0) {
         const char *mtbfline = smartlist_get(lines, mtbf_idx);
-        n = sscanf(mtbfline, "+MTBF %lu %lf S=%10s %8s",
+        n = tor_sscanf(mtbfline, "+MTBF %lu %lf S=%10s %8s",
                    &wrl, &trw, mtbf_timebuf, mtbf_timebuf+11);
         if (n == 2 || n == 4) {
           have_mtbf = 1;
@@ -1164,7 +1180,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now)
       }
       if (wfu_idx >= 0) {
         const char *wfuline = smartlist_get(lines, wfu_idx);
-        n = sscanf(wfuline, "+WFU %lu %lu S=%10s %8s",
+        n = tor_sscanf(wfuline, "+WFU %lu %lu S=%10s %8s",
                    &wt_uptime, &total_wt_time,
                    wfu_timebuf, wfu_timebuf+11);
         if (n == 2 || n == 4) {
@@ -1531,10 +1547,10 @@ rep_hist_get_bandwidth_lines(void)
   const char *desc = NULL;
   size_t len;
 
-  /* opt [dirreq-](read|write)-history yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS (n s) n,n,n... */
+  /* [dirreq-](read|write)-history yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS (n s) n,n,n... */
 /* The n,n,n part above. Largest representation of a uint64_t is 20 chars
  * long, plus the comma. */
-#define MAX_HIST_VALUE_LEN 21*NUM_TOTALS
+#define MAX_HIST_VALUE_LEN (21*NUM_TOTALS)
   len = (67+MAX_HIST_VALUE_LEN)*4;
   buf = tor_malloc_zero(len);
   cp = buf;
@@ -2042,7 +2058,7 @@ note_crypto_pk_op(pk_op_t operation)
 void
 dump_pk_ops(int severity)
 {
-  log(severity, LD_HIST,
+  tor_log(severity, LD_HIST,
       "PK operations: %lu directory objects signed, "
       "%lu directory objects verified, "
       "%lu routerdescs signed, "
@@ -2131,7 +2147,7 @@ rep_hist_exit_stats_term(void)
  * but works fine for sorting an array of port numbers, which is what we use
  * it for. */
 static int
-_compare_int(const void *x, const void *y)
+compare_int_(const void *x, const void *y)
 {
   return (*(int*)x - *(int*)y);
 }
@@ -2218,7 +2234,7 @@ rep_hist_format_exit_stats(time_t now)
   other_streams = total_streams;
   /* Sort the ports; this puts them out of sync with top_bytes, but we
    * won't be using top_bytes again anyway */
-  qsort(top_ports, top_elements, sizeof(int), _compare_int);
+  qsort(top_ports, top_elements, sizeof(int), compare_int_);
   for (j = 0; j < top_elements; j++) {
     cur_port = top_ports[j];
     if (exit_bytes_written[cur_port] > 0) {
@@ -2440,7 +2456,7 @@ rep_hist_buffer_stats_add_circ(circuit_t *circ, time_t end_of_interval)
 /** Sorting helper: return -1, 1, or 0 based on comparison of two
  * circ_buffer_stats_t */
 static int
-_buffer_stats_compare_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+buffer_stats_compare_entries_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const circ_buffer_stats_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   if (a->processed_cells < b->processed_cells)
@@ -2505,7 +2521,7 @@ rep_hist_format_buffer_stats(time_t now)
   number_of_circuits = smartlist_len(circuits_for_buffer_stats);
   if (number_of_circuits > 0) {
     smartlist_sort(circuits_for_buffer_stats,
-                   _buffer_stats_compare_entries);
+                   buffer_stats_compare_entries_);
     i = 0;
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(circuits_for_buffer_stats,
                             circ_buffer_stats_t *, stat)
@@ -2590,7 +2606,7 @@ rep_hist_buffer_stats_write(time_t now)
     goto done; /* Not ready to write */
 
   /* Add open circuits to the history. */
-  for (circ = _circuit_get_global_list(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
+  for (circ = circuit_get_global_list_(); circ; circ = circ->next) {
     rep_hist_buffer_stats_add_circ(circ, now);
   }
 
@@ -2995,6 +3011,46 @@ rep_hist_conn_stats_write(time_t now)
   return start_of_conn_stats_interval + WRITE_STATS_INTERVAL;
 }
 
+/** Internal statistics to track how many requests of each type of
+ * handshake we've received, and how many we've completed. Useful for
+ * seeing trends in cpu load.
+ * @{ */
+static int onion_handshakes_requested[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1] = {0};
+static int onion_handshakes_completed[MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE+1] = {0};
+/**@}*/
+
+/** A new onionskin (using the <b>type</b> handshake) has arrived. */
+void
+rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_requested(uint16_t type)
+{
+  if (type <= MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE)
+    onion_handshakes_requested[type]++;
+}
+
+/** We've sent an onionskin (using the <b>type</b> handshake) to a
+ * cpuworker. */
+void
+rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_completed(uint16_t type)
+{
+  if (type <= MAX_ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE)
+    onion_handshakes_completed[type]++;
+}
+
+/** Log our onionskin statistics since the last time we were called. */
+void
+rep_hist_log_circuit_handshake_stats(time_t now)
+{
+  (void)now;
+  log_notice(LD_HIST, "Circuit handshake stats since last time: "
+             "%d/%d TAP, %d/%d NTor.",
+             onion_handshakes_completed[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP],
+             onion_handshakes_requested[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP],
+             onion_handshakes_completed[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR],
+             onion_handshakes_requested[ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR]);
+  memset(onion_handshakes_completed, 0, sizeof(onion_handshakes_completed));
+  memset(onion_handshakes_requested, 0, sizeof(onion_handshakes_requested));
+}
+
 /** Free all storage held by the OR/link history caches, by the
  * bandwidth history arrays, by the port history, or by statistics . */
 void
@@ -3003,6 +3059,8 @@ rep_hist_free_all(void)
   digestmap_free(history_map, free_or_history);
   tor_free(read_array);
   tor_free(write_array);
+  tor_free(dir_read_array);
+  tor_free(dir_write_array);
   tor_free(last_stability_doc);
   tor_free(exit_bytes_read);
   tor_free(exit_bytes_written);
diff --git a/src/or/rephist.h b/src/or/rephist.h
index d47724edb5..de824749b4 100644
--- a/src/or/rephist.h
+++ b/src/or/rephist.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for rephist.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_REPHIST_H
-#define _TOR_REPHIST_H
+#ifndef TOR_REPHIST_H
+#define TOR_REPHIST_H
 
 void rep_hist_init(void);
 void rep_hist_note_connect_failed(const char* nickname, time_t when);
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ void rep_hist_dump_stats(time_t now, int severity);
 void rep_hist_note_bytes_read(size_t num_bytes, time_t when);
 void rep_hist_note_bytes_written(size_t num_bytes, time_t when);
 
+void rep_hist_make_router_pessimal(const char *id, time_t when);
+
 void rep_hist_note_dir_bytes_read(size_t num_bytes, time_t when);
 void rep_hist_note_dir_bytes_written(size_t num_bytes, time_t when);
 
@@ -62,8 +64,6 @@ int rep_hist_circbuilding_dormant(time_t now);
 void note_crypto_pk_op(pk_op_t operation);
 void dump_pk_ops(int severity);
 
-void rep_hist_free_all(void);
-
 void rep_hist_exit_stats_init(time_t now);
 void rep_hist_reset_exit_stats(time_t now);
 void rep_hist_exit_stats_term(void);
@@ -96,5 +96,11 @@ char *rep_hist_format_conn_stats(time_t now);
 time_t rep_hist_conn_stats_write(time_t now);
 void rep_hist_conn_stats_term(void);
 
+void rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_requested(uint16_t type);
+void rep_hist_note_circuit_handshake_completed(uint16_t type);
+void rep_hist_log_circuit_handshake_stats(time_t now);
+
+void rep_hist_free_all(void);
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/replaycache.c b/src/or/replaycache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59b98489b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/replaycache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+ /* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/*
+ * \file replaycache.c
+ *
+ * \brief Self-scrubbing replay cache for rendservice.c
+ */
+
+#define REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "replaycache.h"
+
+/** Free the replaycache r and all of its entries.
+ */
+
+void
+replaycache_free(replaycache_t *r)
+{
+  if (!r) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_free() called on NULL");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (r->digests_seen) digestmap_free(r->digests_seen, tor_free_);
+
+  tor_free(r);
+}
+
+/** Allocate a new, empty replay detection cache, where horizon is the time
+ * for entries to age out and interval is the time after which the cache
+ * should be scrubbed for old entries.
+ */
+
+replaycache_t *
+replaycache_new(time_t horizon, time_t interval)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+
+  if (horizon < 0) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_new() called with negative"
+        " horizon parameter");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (interval < 0) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_new() called with negative interval"
+        " parameter");
+    interval = 0;
+  }
+
+  r = tor_malloc(sizeof(*r));
+  r->scrub_interval = interval;
+  r->scrubbed = 0;
+  r->horizon = horizon;
+  r->digests_seen = digestmap_new();
+
+ err:
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** See documentation for replaycache_add_and_test()
+ */
+
+int
+replaycache_add_and_test_internal(
+    time_t present, replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len,
+    time_t *elapsed)
+{
+  int rv = 0;
+  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+  time_t *access_time;
+
+  /* sanity check */
+  if (present <= 0 || !r || !data || len <= 0) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_add_and_test_internal() called with stupid"
+        " parameters; please fix this.");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  /* compute digest */
+  crypto_digest(digest, (const char *)data, len);
+
+  /* check map */
+  access_time = digestmap_get(r->digests_seen, digest);
+
+  /* seen before? */
+  if (access_time != NULL) {
+    /*
+     * If it's far enough in the past, no hit.  If the horizon is zero, we
+     * never expire.
+     */
+    if (*access_time >= present - r->horizon || r->horizon == 0) {
+      /* replay cache hit, return 1 */
+      rv = 1;
+      /* If we want to output an elapsed time, do so */
+      if (elapsed) {
+        if (present >= *access_time) {
+          *elapsed = present - *access_time;
+        } else {
+          /* We shouldn't really be seeing hits from the future, but... */
+          *elapsed = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    /*
+     * If it's ahead of the cached time, update
+     */
+    if (*access_time < present) {
+      *access_time = present;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* No, so no hit and update the digest map with the current time */
+    access_time = tor_malloc(sizeof(*access_time));
+    *access_time = present;
+    digestmap_set(r->digests_seen, digest, access_time);
+  }
+
+  /* now scrub the cache if it's time */
+  replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal(present, r);
+
+ done:
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/** See documentation for replaycache_scrub_if_needed()
+ */
+
+void
+replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal(time_t present, replaycache_t *r)
+{
+  digestmap_iter_t *itr = NULL;
+  const char *digest;
+  void *valp;
+  time_t *access_time;
+  char scrub_this;
+
+  /* sanity check */
+  if (!r || !(r->digests_seen)) {
+    log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal() called with"
+        " stupid parameters; please fix this.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* scrub time yet? (scrubbed == 0 indicates never scrubbed before) */
+  if (present - r->scrubbed < r->scrub_interval && r->scrubbed > 0) return;
+
+  /* if we're never expiring, don't bother scrubbing */
+  if (r->horizon == 0) return;
+
+  /* okay, scrub time */
+  itr = digestmap_iter_init(r->digests_seen);
+  while (!digestmap_iter_done(itr)) {
+    scrub_this = 0;
+    digestmap_iter_get(itr, &digest, &valp);
+    access_time = (time_t *)valp;
+    if (access_time) {
+      /* aged out yet? */
+      if (*access_time < present - r->horizon) scrub_this = 1;
+    } else {
+      /* Buh? Get rid of it, anyway */
+      log_info(LD_BUG, "replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal() saw a NULL"
+          " entry in the digestmap.");
+      scrub_this = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (scrub_this) {
+      /* Advance the iterator and remove this one */
+      itr = digestmap_iter_next_rmv(r->digests_seen, itr);
+      /* Free the value removed */
+      tor_free(access_time);
+    } else {
+      /* Just advance the iterator */
+      itr = digestmap_iter_next(r->digests_seen, itr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* update scrubbed timestamp */
+  if (present > r->scrubbed) r->scrubbed = present;
+}
+
+/** Test the buffer of length len point to by data against the replay cache r;
+ * the digest of the buffer will be added to the cache at the current time,
+ * and the function will return 1 if it was already seen within the cache's
+ * horizon, or 0 otherwise.
+ */
+
+int
+replaycache_add_and_test(replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len)
+{
+  return replaycache_add_and_test_internal(time(NULL), r, data, len, NULL);
+}
+
+/** Like replaycache_add_and_test(), but if it's a hit also return the time
+ * elapsed since this digest was last seen.
+ */
+
+int
+replaycache_add_test_and_elapsed(
+    replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len, time_t *elapsed)
+{
+  return replaycache_add_and_test_internal(time(NULL), r, data, len, elapsed);
+}
+
+/** Scrub aged entries out of r if sufficiently long has elapsed since r was
+ * last scrubbed.
+ */
+
+void
+replaycache_scrub_if_needed(replaycache_t *r)
+{
+  replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal(time(NULL), r);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/replaycache.h b/src/or/replaycache.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de20cab627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/replaycache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file replaycache.h
+ * \brief Header file for replaycache.c.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_REPLAYCACHE_H
+#define TOR_REPLAYCACHE_H
+
+typedef struct replaycache_s replaycache_t;
+
+#ifdef REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE
+
+struct replaycache_s {
+  /* Scrub interval */
+  time_t scrub_interval;
+  /* Last scrubbed */
+  time_t scrubbed;
+  /*
+   * Horizon
+   * (don't return true on digests in the cache but older than this)
+   */
+  time_t horizon;
+  /*
+   * Digest map: keys are digests, values are times the digest was last seen
+   */
+  digestmap_t *digests_seen;
+};
+
+#endif /* REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE */
+
+/* replaycache_t free/new */
+
+void replaycache_free(replaycache_t *r);
+replaycache_t * replaycache_new(time_t horizon, time_t interval);
+
+#ifdef REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE
+
+/*
+ * replaycache_t internal functions:
+ *
+ * These take the time to treat as the present as an argument for easy unit
+ * testing.  For everything else, use the wrappers below instead.
+ */
+
+int replaycache_add_and_test_internal(
+    time_t present, replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len,
+    time_t *elapsed);
+void replaycache_scrub_if_needed_internal(
+    time_t present, replaycache_t *r);
+
+#endif /* REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE */
+
+/*
+ * replaycache_t methods
+ */
+
+int replaycache_add_and_test(replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len);
+int replaycache_add_test_and_elapsed(
+    replaycache_t *r, const void *data, int len, time_t *elapsed);
+void replaycache_scrub_if_needed(replaycache_t *r);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/router.c b/src/or/router.c
index a3459aec71..eabd9c3f59 100644
--- a/src/or/router.c
+++ b/src/or/router.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #define ROUTER_PRIVATE
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "control.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dns.h"
@@ -27,6 +28,9 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
+#include "transports.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 /**
  * \file router.c
@@ -51,6 +55,13 @@ static crypto_pk_t *onionkey=NULL;
 /** Previous private onionskin decryption key: used to decode CREATE cells
  * generated by clients that have an older version of our descriptor. */
 static crypto_pk_t *lastonionkey=NULL;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+/** Current private ntor secret key: used to perform the ntor handshake. */
+static curve25519_keypair_t curve25519_onion_key;
+/** Previous private ntor secret key: used to perform the ntor handshake
+ * with clients that have an older version of our descriptor. */
+static curve25519_keypair_t last_curve25519_onion_key;
+#endif
 /** Private server "identity key": used to sign directory info and TLS
  * certificates. Never changes. */
 static crypto_pk_t *server_identitykey=NULL;
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ static authority_cert_t *legacy_key_certificate = NULL;
 static void
 set_onion_key(crypto_pk_t *k)
 {
-  if (onionkey && !crypto_pk_cmp_keys(onionkey, k)) {
+  if (onionkey && crypto_pk_eq_keys(onionkey, k)) {
     /* k is already our onion key; free it and return */
     crypto_pk_free(k);
     return;
@@ -123,6 +134,55 @@ dup_onion_keys(crypto_pk_t **key, crypto_pk_t **last)
   tor_mutex_release(key_lock);
 }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+/** Return the current secret onion key for the ntor handshake. Must only
+ * be called from the main thread. */
+static const curve25519_keypair_t *
+get_current_curve25519_keypair(void)
+{
+  return &curve25519_onion_key;
+}
+/** Return a map from KEYID (the key itself) to keypairs for use in the ntor
+ * handshake. Must only be called from the main thread. */
+di_digest256_map_t *
+construct_ntor_key_map(void)
+{
+  di_digest256_map_t *m = NULL;
+
+  dimap_add_entry(&m,
+                  curve25519_onion_key.pubkey.public_key,
+                  tor_memdup(&curve25519_onion_key,
+                             sizeof(curve25519_keypair_t)));
+  if (!tor_mem_is_zero((const char*)
+                          last_curve25519_onion_key.pubkey.public_key,
+                       CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN)) {
+    dimap_add_entry(&m,
+                    last_curve25519_onion_key.pubkey.public_key,
+                    tor_memdup(&last_curve25519_onion_key,
+                               sizeof(curve25519_keypair_t)));
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+/** Helper used to deallocate a di_digest256_map_t returned by
+ * construct_ntor_key_map. */
+static void
+ntor_key_map_free_helper(void *arg)
+{
+  curve25519_keypair_t *k = arg;
+  memwipe(k, 0, sizeof(*k));
+  tor_free(k);
+}
+/** Release all storage from a keymap returned by construct_ntor_key_map. */
+void
+ntor_key_map_free(di_digest256_map_t *map)
+{
+  if (!map)
+    return;
+  dimap_free(map, ntor_key_map_free_helper);
+}
+#endif
+
 /** Return the time when the onion key was last set.  This is either the time
  * when the process launched, or the time of the most recent key rotation since
  * the process launched.
@@ -152,12 +212,11 @@ assert_identity_keys_ok(void)
   if (public_server_mode(get_options())) {
     /* assert that we have set the client and server keys to be equal */
     tor_assert(server_identitykey);
-    tor_assert(0==crypto_pk_cmp_keys(client_identitykey, server_identitykey));
+    tor_assert(crypto_pk_eq_keys(client_identitykey, server_identitykey));
   } else {
     /* assert that we have set the client and server keys to be unequal */
     if (server_identitykey)
-      tor_assert(0!=crypto_pk_cmp_keys(client_identitykey,
-                                       server_identitykey));
+      tor_assert(!crypto_pk_eq_keys(client_identitykey, server_identitykey));
   }
 }
 
@@ -251,11 +310,18 @@ void
 rotate_onion_key(void)
 {
   char *fname, *fname_prev;
-  crypto_pk_t *prkey;
+  crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL;
   or_state_t *state = get_or_state();
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  curve25519_keypair_t new_curve25519_keypair;
+#endif
   time_t now;
   fname = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key");
   fname_prev = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key.old");
+  if (file_status(fname) == FN_FILE) {
+    if (replace_file(fname, fname_prev))
+      goto error;
+  }
   if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) {
     log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error constructing rotated onion key");
     goto error;
@@ -264,19 +330,38 @@ rotate_onion_key(void)
     log_err(LD_BUG,"Error generating onion key");
     goto error;
   }
+  if (crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_filename(prkey, fname)) {
+    log_err(LD_FS,"Couldn't write generated onion key to \"%s\".", fname);
+    goto error;
+  }
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  tor_free(fname);
+  tor_free(fname_prev);
+  fname = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key_ntor");
+  fname_prev = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key_ntor.old");
+  if (curve25519_keypair_generate(&new_curve25519_keypair, 1) < 0)
+    goto error;
   if (file_status(fname) == FN_FILE) {
     if (replace_file(fname, fname_prev))
       goto error;
   }
-  if (crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_filename(prkey, fname)) {
-    log_err(LD_FS,"Couldn't write generated onion key to \"%s\".", fname);
+  if (curve25519_keypair_write_to_file(&new_curve25519_keypair, fname,
+                                       "onion") < 0) {
+    log_err(LD_FS,"Couldn't write curve25519 onion key to \"%s\".",fname);
     goto error;
   }
+#endif
   log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Rotating onion key");
   tor_mutex_acquire(key_lock);
   crypto_pk_free(lastonionkey);
   lastonionkey = onionkey;
   onionkey = prkey;
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  memcpy(&last_curve25519_onion_key, &curve25519_onion_key,
+         sizeof(curve25519_keypair_t));
+  memcpy(&curve25519_onion_key, &new_curve25519_keypair,
+         sizeof(curve25519_keypair_t));
+#endif
   now = time(NULL);
   state->LastRotatedOnionKey = onionkey_set_at = now;
   tor_mutex_release(key_lock);
@@ -288,6 +373,9 @@ rotate_onion_key(void)
   if (prkey)
     crypto_pk_free(prkey);
  done:
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  memwipe(&new_curve25519_keypair, 0, sizeof(new_curve25519_keypair));
+#endif
   tor_free(fname);
   tor_free(fname_prev);
 }
@@ -303,14 +391,14 @@ init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate, int severity)
   crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL;
 
   if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) {
-    log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error constructing key");
+    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error constructing key");
     goto error;
   }
 
   switch (file_status(fname)) {
     case FN_DIR:
     case FN_ERROR:
-      log(severity, LD_FS,"Can't read key from \"%s\"", fname);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_FS,"Can't read key from \"%s\"", fname);
       goto error;
     case FN_NOENT:
       if (generate) {
@@ -318,8 +406,8 @@ init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate, int severity)
           if (try_locking(get_options(), 0)<0) {
             /* Make sure that --list-fingerprint only creates new keys
              * if there is no possibility for a deadlock. */
-            log(severity, LD_FS, "Another Tor process has locked \"%s\". Not "
-                "writing any new keys.", fname);
+            tor_log(severity, LD_FS, "Another Tor process has locked \"%s\". "
+                    "Not writing any new keys.", fname);
             /*XXXX The 'other process' might make a key in a second or two;
              * maybe we should wait for it. */
             goto error;
@@ -328,16 +416,16 @@ init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate, int severity)
         log_info(LD_GENERAL, "No key found in \"%s\"; generating fresh key.",
                  fname);
         if (crypto_pk_generate_key(prkey)) {
-          log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error generating onion key");
+          tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error generating onion key");
           goto error;
         }
         if (crypto_pk_check_key(prkey) <= 0) {
-          log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Generated key seems invalid");
+          tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Generated key seems invalid");
           goto error;
         }
         log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Generated key seems valid");
         if (crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_filename(prkey, fname)) {
-          log(severity, LD_FS,
+          tor_log(severity, LD_FS,
               "Couldn't write generated key to \"%s\".", fname);
           goto error;
         }
@@ -347,7 +435,7 @@ init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate, int severity)
       return prkey;
     case FN_FILE:
       if (crypto_pk_read_private_key_from_filename(prkey, fname)) {
-        log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error loading private key.");
+        tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error loading private key.");
         goto error;
       }
       return prkey;
@@ -361,6 +449,77 @@ init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate, int severity)
   return NULL;
 }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+/** Load a curve25519 keypair from the file <b>fname</b>, writing it into
+ * <b>keys_out</b>.  If the file isn't found and <b>generate</b> is true,
+ * create a new keypair and write it into the file.  If there are errors, log
+ * them at level <b>severity</b>. Generate files using <b>tag</b> in their
+ * ASCII wrapper. */
+static int
+init_curve25519_keypair_from_file(curve25519_keypair_t *keys_out,
+                                  const char *fname,
+                                  int generate,
+                                  int severity,
+                                  const char *tag)
+{
+  switch (file_status(fname)) {
+    case FN_DIR:
+    case FN_ERROR:
+      tor_log(severity, LD_FS,"Can't read key from \"%s\"", fname);
+      goto error;
+    case FN_NOENT:
+      if (generate) {
+        if (!have_lockfile()) {
+          if (try_locking(get_options(), 0)<0) {
+            /* Make sure that --list-fingerprint only creates new keys
+             * if there is no possibility for a deadlock. */
+            tor_log(severity, LD_FS, "Another Tor process has locked \"%s\". "
+                    "Not writing any new keys.", fname);
+            /*XXXX The 'other process' might make a key in a second or two;
+             * maybe we should wait for it. */
+            goto error;
+          }
+        }
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "No key found in \"%s\"; generating fresh key.",
+                 fname);
+        if (curve25519_keypair_generate(keys_out, 1) < 0)
+          goto error;
+        if (curve25519_keypair_write_to_file(keys_out, fname, tag)<0) {
+          tor_log(severity, LD_FS,
+              "Couldn't write generated key to \"%s\".", fname);
+          memset(keys_out, 0, sizeof(*keys_out));
+          goto error;
+        }
+      } else {
+        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "No key found in \"%s\"", fname);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    case FN_FILE:
+      {
+        char *tag_in=NULL;
+        if (curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(keys_out, &tag_in, fname) < 0) {
+          tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Error loading private key.");
+          tor_free(tag_in);
+          goto error;
+        }
+        if (!tag_in || strcmp(tag_in, tag)) {
+          tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,"Unexpected tag %s on private key.",
+              escaped(tag_in));
+          tor_free(tag_in);
+          goto error;
+        }
+        tor_free(tag_in);
+        return 0;
+      }
+    default:
+      tor_assert(0);
+  }
+
+ error:
+  return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
 /** Try to load the vote-signing private key and certificate for being a v3
  * directory authority, and make sure they match.  If <b>legacy</b>, load a
  * legacy key/cert set for emergency key migration; otherwise load the regular
@@ -397,7 +556,7 @@ load_authority_keyset(int legacy, crypto_pk_t **key_out,
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to parse certificate in %s", fname);
     goto done;
   }
-  if (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(signing_key, parsed->signing_key) != 0) {
+  if (!crypto_pk_eq_keys(signing_key, parsed->signing_key)) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "Stored signing key does not match signing key in "
              "certificate");
     goto done;
@@ -472,14 +631,14 @@ v3_authority_check_key_expiry(void)
     return;
 
   if (time_left <= 0) {
-    log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate has expired."
-        " Generate a new one NOW.");
+    tor_log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate has expired."
+            " Generate a new one NOW.");
   } else if (time_left <= 24*60*60) {
-    log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate expires in %d hours;"
-        " Generate a new one NOW.", time_left/(60*60));
+    tor_log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate expires in %d "
+            "hours; Generate a new one NOW.", time_left/(60*60));
   } else {
-    log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate expires in %d days;"
-        " Generate a new one soon.", time_left/(24*60*60));
+    tor_log(badness, LD_DIR, "Your v3 authority certificate expires in %d "
+            "days; Generate a new one soon.", time_left/(24*60*60));
   }
   last_warned = now;
 }
@@ -489,11 +648,39 @@ v3_authority_check_key_expiry(void)
 int
 router_initialize_tls_context(void)
 {
-  return tor_tls_context_init(public_server_mode(get_options()),
+  unsigned int flags = 0;
+  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  int lifetime = options->SSLKeyLifetime;
+  if (public_server_mode(options))
+    flags |= TOR_TLS_CTX_IS_PUBLIC_SERVER;
+  if (options->TLSECGroup) {
+    if (!strcasecmp(options->TLSECGroup, "P256"))
+      flags |= TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P256;
+    else if (!strcasecmp(options->TLSECGroup, "P224"))
+      flags |= TOR_TLS_CTX_USE_ECDHE_P224;
+  }
+  if (!lifetime) { /* we should guess a good ssl cert lifetime */
+
+    /* choose between 5 and 365 days, and round to the day */
+    lifetime = 5*24*3600 + crypto_rand_int(361*24*3600);
+    lifetime -= lifetime % (24*3600);
+
+    if (crypto_rand_int(2)) {
+      /* Half the time we expire at midnight, and half the time we expire
+       * one second before midnight. (Some CAs wobble their expiry times a
+       * bit in practice, perhaps to reduce collision attacks; see ticket
+       * 8443 for details about observed certs in the wild.) */
+      lifetime--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* It's ok to pass lifetime in as an unsigned int, since
+   * config_parse_interval() checked it. */
+  return tor_tls_context_init(flags,
                               get_tlsclient_identity_key(),
-                              server_mode(get_options()) ?
+                              server_mode(options) ?
                               get_server_identity_key() : NULL,
-                              MAX_SSL_KEY_LIFETIME_ADVERTISED);
+                              (unsigned int)lifetime);
 }
 
 /** Initialize all OR private keys, and the TLS context, as necessary.
@@ -515,7 +702,7 @@ init_keys(void)
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   dirinfo_type_t type;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
-  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+  dir_server_t *ds;
   int v3_digest_set = 0;
   authority_cert_t *cert = NULL;
 
@@ -628,12 +815,35 @@ init_keys(void)
 
   keydir = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key.old");
   if (!lastonionkey && file_status(keydir) == FN_FILE) {
-    prkey = init_key_from_file(keydir, 1, LOG_ERR);
+    prkey = init_key_from_file(keydir, 1, LOG_ERR); /* XXXX Why 1? */
     if (prkey)
       lastonionkey = prkey;
   }
   tor_free(keydir);
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  {
+    /* 2b. Load curve25519 onion keys. */
+    int r;
+    keydir = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key_ntor");
+    r = init_curve25519_keypair_from_file(&curve25519_onion_key,
+                                          keydir, 1, LOG_ERR, "onion");
+    tor_free(keydir);
+    if (r<0)
+      return -1;
+
+    keydir = get_datadir_fname2("keys", "secret_onion_key_ntor.old");
+    if (tor_mem_is_zero((const char *)
+                           last_curve25519_onion_key.pubkey.public_key,
+                        CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN) &&
+        file_status(keydir) == FN_FILE) {
+      init_curve25519_keypair_from_file(&last_curve25519_onion_key,
+                                        keydir, 0, LOG_ERR, "onion");
+    }
+    tor_free(keydir);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* 3. Initialize link key and TLS context. */
   if (router_initialize_tls_context() < 0) {
     log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error initializing TLS context");
@@ -671,7 +881,7 @@ init_keys(void)
            * we don't really need new keys yet so the descriptor doesn't
            * change and the old one is still fresh. */
           log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Couldn't add own descriptor to directory "
-                   "after key init: %s. This is usually not a problem.",
+                   "after key init: %s This is usually not a problem.",
                    m?m:"<unknown error>");
         }
       }
@@ -709,7 +919,7 @@ init_keys(void)
   tor_free(cp);
   tor_free(keydir);
 
-  log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_GENERAL,
+  log_notice(LD_GENERAL,
       "Your Tor server's identity key fingerprint is '%s %s'",
       options->Nickname, fingerprint);
   if (!authdir_mode(options))
@@ -730,35 +940,37 @@ init_keys(void)
 
   ds = router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(digest);
   if (!ds) {
-    ds = add_trusted_dir_server(options->Nickname, NULL,
+    ds = trusted_dir_server_new(options->Nickname, NULL,
                                 router_get_advertised_dir_port(options, 0),
                                 router_get_advertised_or_port(options),
                                 digest,
                                 v3_digest,
-                                type);
+                                type, 0.0);
     if (!ds) {
       log_err(LD_GENERAL,"We want to be a directory authority, but we "
               "couldn't add ourselves to the authority list. Failing.");
       return -1;
     }
+    dir_server_add(ds);
   }
   if (ds->type != type) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR,  "Configured authority type does not match authority "
-             "type in DirServer list.  Adjusting. (%d v %d)",
+             "type in DirAuthority list.  Adjusting. (%d v %d)",
              type, ds->type);
     ds->type = type;
   }
   if (v3_digest_set && (ds->type & V3_DIRINFO) &&
       tor_memneq(v3_digest, ds->v3_identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "V3 identity key does not match identity declared in "
-             "DirServer line.  Adjusting.");
+             "DirAuthority line.  Adjusting.");
     memcpy(ds->v3_identity_digest, v3_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
   }
 
   if (cert) { /* add my own cert to the list of known certs */
     log_info(LD_DIR, "adding my own v3 cert");
     if (trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(
-                      cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body, 0, 0)<0) {
+                      cert->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body,
+                      TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_SELF, 0)<0) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to parse my own v3 cert! Failing.");
       return -1;
     }
@@ -868,10 +1080,10 @@ decide_to_advertise_dirport(const or_options_t *options, uint16_t dir_port)
 
   if (advertising != new_choice) {
     if (new_choice == 1) {
-      log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR, "Advertising DirPort as %d", dir_port);
+      log_notice(LD_DIR, "Advertising DirPort as %d", dir_port);
     } else {
       tor_assert(reason);
-      log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR, "Not advertising DirPort (Reason: %s)", reason);
+      log_notice(LD_DIR, "Not advertising DirPort (Reason: %s)", reason);
     }
     advertising = new_choice;
   }
@@ -879,6 +1091,22 @@ decide_to_advertise_dirport(const or_options_t *options, uint16_t dir_port)
   return advertising ? dir_port : 0;
 }
 
+/** Allocate and return a new extend_info_t that can be used to build
+ * a circuit to or through the router <b>r</b>. Use the primary
+ * address of the router unless <b>for_direct_connect</b> is true, in
+ * which case the preferred address is used instead. */
+static extend_info_t *
+extend_info_from_router(const routerinfo_t *r)
+{
+  tor_addr_port_t ap;
+  tor_assert(r);
+
+  router_get_prim_orport(r, &ap);
+  return extend_info_new(r->nickname, r->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                         r->onion_pkey, r->onion_curve25519_pkey,
+                         &ap.addr, ap.port);
+}
+
 /** Some time has passed, or we just got new directory information.
  * See if we currently believe our ORPort or DirPort to be
  * unreachable. If so, launch a new test for it.
@@ -907,25 +1135,21 @@ consider_testing_reachability(int test_or, int test_dir)
     if (test_or || test_dir) {
 #define SELF_EXCLUDED_WARN_INTERVAL 3600
       static ratelim_t warning_limit=RATELIM_INIT(SELF_EXCLUDED_WARN_INTERVAL);
-      char *msg;
-      if ((msg = rate_limit_log(&warning_limit, approx_time()))) {
-        log_warn(LD_CIRC, "Can't peform self-tests for this relay: we have "
+      log_fn_ratelim(&warning_limit, LOG_WARN, LD_CIRC,
+                 "Can't peform self-tests for this relay: we have "
                  "listed ourself in ExcludeNodes, and StrictNodes is set. "
                  "We cannot learn whether we are usable, and will not "
-                 "be able to advertise ourself.%s", msg);
-        tor_free(msg);
-      }
+                 "be able to advertise ourself.");
     }
     return;
   }
 
   if (test_or && (!orport_reachable || !circuit_enough_testing_circs())) {
-    extend_info_t *ei;
+    extend_info_t *ei = extend_info_from_router(me);
+    /* XXX IPv6 self testing */
     log_info(LD_CIRC, "Testing %s of my ORPort: %s:%d.",
              !orport_reachable ? "reachability" : "bandwidth",
              me->address, me->or_port);
-    /* XXX IPv6 self testing IPv6 orports will need pref_addr */
-    ei = extend_info_from_router(me, 0);
     circuit_launch_by_extend_info(CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING, ei,
                             CIRCLAUNCH_NEED_CAPACITY|CIRCLAUNCH_IS_INTERNAL);
     extend_info_free(ei);
@@ -939,11 +1163,10 @@ consider_testing_reachability(int test_or, int test_dir)
     /* ask myself, via tor, for my server descriptor. */
     directory_initiate_command(me->address, &addr,
                                me->or_port, me->dir_port,
-                               0, /* does not matter */
-                               0, me->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                               me->cache_info.identity_digest,
                                DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
                                ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL,
-                               1, "authority.z", NULL, 0, 0);
+                               DIRIND_ANON_DIRPORT, "authority.z", NULL, 0, 0);
   }
 }
 
@@ -955,7 +1178,7 @@ router_orport_found_reachable(void)
   if (!can_reach_or_port && me) {
     log_notice(LD_OR,"Self-testing indicates your ORPort is reachable from "
                "the outside. Excellent.%s",
-               get_options()->_PublishServerDescriptor != NO_DIRINFO ?
+               get_options()->PublishServerDescriptor_ != NO_DIRINFO ?
                  " Publishing server descriptor." : "");
     can_reach_or_port = 1;
     mark_my_descriptor_dirty("ORPort found reachable");
@@ -987,7 +1210,8 @@ router_dirport_found_reachable(void)
 void
 router_perform_bandwidth_test(int num_circs, time_t now)
 {
-  int num_cells = (int)(get_options()->BandwidthRate * 10 / CELL_NETWORK_SIZE);
+  int num_cells = (int)(get_options()->BandwidthRate * 10 /
+                        CELL_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE);
   int max_cells = num_cells < CIRCWINDOW_START ?
                     num_cells : CIRCWINDOW_START;
   int cells_per_circuit = max_cells / num_circs;
@@ -998,9 +1222,9 @@ router_perform_bandwidth_test(int num_circs, time_t now)
                                               CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_TESTING))) {
     /* dump cells_per_circuit drop cells onto this circ */
     int i = cells_per_circuit;
-    if (circ->_base.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
+    if (circ->base_.state != CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN)
       continue;
-    circ->_base.timestamp_dirty = now;
+    circ->base_.timestamp_dirty = now;
     while (i-- > 0) {
       if (relay_send_command_from_edge(0, TO_CIRCUIT(circ),
                                        RELAY_COMMAND_DROP,
@@ -1194,7 +1418,7 @@ decide_if_publishable_server(void)
 
   if (options->ClientOnly)
     return 0;
-  if (options->_PublishServerDescriptor == NO_DIRINFO)
+  if (options->PublishServerDescriptor_ == NO_DIRINFO)
     return 0;
   if (!server_mode(options))
     return 0;
@@ -1236,13 +1460,18 @@ consider_publishable_server(int force)
 /** XXX not a very good interface. it's not reliable when there are
     multiple listeners. */
 uint16_t
-router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(int listener_type)
+router_get_active_listener_port_by_type_af(int listener_type,
+                                           sa_family_t family)
 {
   /* Iterate all connections, find one of the right kind and return
      the port. Not very sophisticated or fast, but effective. */
-  const connection_t *c = connection_get_by_type(listener_type);
-  if (c)
-    return c->port;
+  smartlist_t *conns = get_connection_array();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
+    if (conn->type == listener_type && !conn->marked_for_close &&
+        conn->socket_family == family) {
+      return conn->port;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -1254,13 +1483,24 @@ router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(int listener_type)
 uint16_t
 router_get_advertised_or_port(const or_options_t *options)
 {
-  int port = get_primary_or_port();
+  return router_get_advertised_or_port_by_af(options, AF_INET);
+}
+
+/** As router_get_advertised_or_port(), but allows an address family argument.
+ */
+uint16_t
+router_get_advertised_or_port_by_af(const or_options_t *options,
+                                    sa_family_t family)
+{
+  int port = get_first_advertised_port_by_type_af(CONN_TYPE_OR_LISTENER,
+                                                  family);
   (void)options;
 
   /* If the port is in 'auto' mode, we have to use
      router_get_listener_port_by_type(). */
   if (port == CFG_AUTO_PORT)
-    return router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(CONN_TYPE_OR_LISTENER);
+    return router_get_active_listener_port_by_type_af(CONN_TYPE_OR_LISTENER,
+                                                      family);
 
   return port;
 }
@@ -1280,7 +1520,8 @@ router_get_advertised_dir_port(const or_options_t *options, uint16_t dirport)
     return dirport;
 
   if (dirport_configured == CFG_AUTO_PORT)
-    return router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(CONN_TYPE_DIR_LISTENER);
+    return router_get_active_listener_port_by_type_af(CONN_TYPE_DIR_LISTENER,
+                                                      AF_INET);
 
   return dirport_configured;
 }
@@ -1315,7 +1556,7 @@ router_upload_dir_desc_to_dirservers(int force)
   extrainfo_t *ei;
   char *msg;
   size_t desc_len, extra_len = 0, total_len;
-  dirinfo_type_t auth = get_options()->_PublishServerDescriptor;
+  dirinfo_type_t auth = get_options()->PublishServerDescriptor_;
 
   ri = router_get_my_routerinfo();
   if (!ri) {
@@ -1355,22 +1596,34 @@ router_upload_dir_desc_to_dirservers(int force)
  * conn.  Return 0 if we accept; non-0 if we reject.
  */
 int
-router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(edge_connection_t *conn)
+router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
 {
   if (!router_get_my_routerinfo()) /* make sure desc_routerinfo exists */
     return -1;
 
   /* make sure it's resolved to something. this way we can't get a
      'maybe' below. */
-  if (tor_addr_is_null(&conn->_base.addr))
+  if (tor_addr_is_null(addr))
     return -1;
 
-  /* XXXX IPv6 */
-  if (tor_addr_family(&conn->_base.addr) != AF_INET)
+  /* look at desc_routerinfo->exit_policy for both the v4 and the v6
+   * policies.  The exit_policy field in desc_routerinfo is a bit unusual,
+   * in that it contains IPv6 and IPv6 entries.  We don't want to look
+   * at desc_routerinfio->ipv6_exit_policy, since that's a port summary. */
+  if ((tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET ||
+       tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6)) {
+    return compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, port,
+                    desc_routerinfo->exit_policy) != ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED;
+#if 0
+  } else if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET6) {
+    return get_options()->IPv6Exit &&
+      desc_routerinfo->ipv6_exit_policy &&
+      compare_tor_addr_to_short_policy(addr, port,
+                  desc_routerinfo->ipv6_exit_policy) != ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED;
+#endif
+  } else {
     return -1;
-
-  return compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(&conn->_base.addr, conn->_base.port,
-                   desc_routerinfo->exit_policy) != ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED;
+  }
 }
 
 /** Return true iff my exit policy is reject *:*.  Return -1 if we don't
@@ -1393,6 +1646,13 @@ router_digest_is_me(const char *digest)
           tor_memeq(server_identitykey_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN));
 }
 
+/** Return my identity digest. */
+const uint8_t *
+router_get_my_id_digest(void)
+{
+  return (const uint8_t *)server_identitykey_digest;
+}
+
 /** Return true iff I'm a server and <b>digest</b> is equal to
  * my identity digest. */
 int
@@ -1488,7 +1748,9 @@ static int router_guess_address_from_dir_headers(uint32_t *guess);
 int
 router_pick_published_address(const or_options_t *options, uint32_t *addr)
 {
-  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, addr, NULL) < 0) {
+  *addr = get_last_resolved_addr();
+  if (!*addr &&
+      resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, addr, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
     log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Could not determine our address locally. "
              "Checking if directory headers provide any hints.");
     if (router_guess_address_from_dir_headers(addr) < 0) {
@@ -1539,13 +1801,19 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
   ri->cache_info.published_on = time(NULL);
   ri->onion_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(get_onion_key()); /* must invoke from
                                                         * main thread */
-  if (options->BridgeRelay) {
-    /* For now, only bridges advertise an ipv6 or-address.  And only one. */
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  ri->onion_curve25519_pkey =
+    tor_memdup(&get_current_curve25519_keypair()->pubkey,
+               sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+#endif
+
+  /* For now, at most one IPv6 or-address is being advertised. */
+  {
     const port_cfg_t *ipv6_orport = NULL;
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(get_configured_ports(), const port_cfg_t *, p) {
       if (p->type == CONN_TYPE_OR_LISTENER &&
           ! p->no_advertise &&
-          ! p->ipv4_only &&
+          ! p->bind_ipv4_only &&
           tor_addr_family(&p->addr) == AF_INET6) {
         if (! tor_addr_is_internal(&p->addr, 0)) {
           ipv6_orport = p;
@@ -1565,6 +1833,7 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
       ri->ipv6_orport = ipv6_orport->port;
     }
   }
+
   ri->identity_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(get_server_identity_key());
   if (crypto_pk_get_digest(ri->identity_pkey,
                            ri->cache_info.identity_digest)<0) {
@@ -1587,11 +1856,20 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
     policies_exit_policy_append_reject_star(&ri->exit_policy);
   } else {
     policies_parse_exit_policy(options->ExitPolicy, &ri->exit_policy,
+                               options->IPv6Exit,
                                options->ExitPolicyRejectPrivate,
                                ri->address, !options->BridgeRelay);
   }
   ri->policy_is_reject_star =
-    policy_is_reject_star(ri->exit_policy);
+    policy_is_reject_star(ri->exit_policy, AF_INET) &&
+    policy_is_reject_star(ri->exit_policy, AF_INET6);
+
+  if (options->IPv6Exit) {
+    char *p_tmp = policy_summarize(ri->exit_policy, AF_INET6);
+    if (p_tmp)
+      ri->ipv6_exit_policy = parse_short_policy(p_tmp);
+    tor_free(p_tmp);
+  }
 
 #if 0
   /* XXXX NM NM I belive this is safe to remove */
@@ -1615,7 +1893,7 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
          member = node_get_by_nickname(name, 1);
        if (!member) {
          int is_legal = is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(name);
-         if (!smartlist_string_isin(warned_nonexistent_family, name) &&
+         if (!smartlist_contains_string(warned_nonexistent_family, name) &&
              !is_legal_hexdigest(name)) {
            if (is_legal)
              log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
@@ -1641,7 +1919,7 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
          base16_encode(fp+1,HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1,
                        member->identity, DIGEST_LEN);
          smartlist_add(ri->declared_family, fp);
-         if (smartlist_string_isin(warned_nonexistent_family, name))
+         if (smartlist_contains_string(warned_nonexistent_family, name))
            smartlist_string_remove(warned_nonexistent_family, name);
        }
     skip:
@@ -1684,9 +1962,8 @@ router_rebuild_descriptor(int force)
     /* ri was allocated with tor_malloc_zero, so there is no need to
      * zero ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest here. */
   }
-  ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body = tor_malloc(8192);
-  if (router_dump_router_to_string(ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body, 8192,
-                                   ri, get_server_identity_key()) < 0) {
+  if (! (ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body = router_dump_router_to_string(
+                                           ri, get_server_identity_key()))) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't generate router descriptor.");
     routerinfo_free(ri);
     extrainfo_free(ei);
@@ -1783,7 +2060,7 @@ void
 mark_my_descriptor_dirty(const char *reason)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  if (server_mode(options) && options->_PublishServerDescriptor)
+  if (server_mode(options) && options->PublishServerDescriptor_)
     log_info(LD_OR, "Decided to publish new relay descriptor: %s", reason);
   desc_clean_since = 0;
   if (!desc_dirty_reason)
@@ -1853,6 +2130,9 @@ check_descriptor_ipaddress_changed(time_t now)
 {
   uint32_t prev, cur;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  const char *method = NULL;
+  char *hostname = NULL;
+
   (void) now;
 
   if (!desc_routerinfo)
@@ -1860,18 +2140,29 @@ check_descriptor_ipaddress_changed(time_t now)
 
   /* XXXX ipv6 */
   prev = desc_routerinfo->addr;
-  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, &cur, NULL) < 0) {
+  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, &cur, &method, &hostname) < 0) {
     log_info(LD_CONFIG,"options->Address didn't resolve into an IP.");
     return;
   }
 
   if (prev != cur) {
+    char *source;
     tor_addr_t tmp_prev, tmp_cur;
+
     tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&tmp_prev, prev);
     tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&tmp_cur, cur);
-    log_addr_has_changed(LOG_NOTICE, &tmp_prev, &tmp_cur, "resolve");
+
+    tor_asprintf(&source, "METHOD=%s%s%s", method,
+                 hostname ? " HOSTNAME=" : "",
+                 hostname ? hostname : "");
+
+    log_addr_has_changed(LOG_NOTICE, &tmp_prev, &tmp_cur, source);
+    tor_free(source);
+
     ip_address_changed(0);
   }
+
+  tor_free(hostname);
 }
 
 /** The most recently guessed value of our IP address, based on directory
@@ -1905,7 +2196,9 @@ router_new_address_suggestion(const char *suggestion,
   }
 
   /* XXXX ipv6 */
-  if (resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, &cur, NULL) >= 0) {
+  cur = get_last_resolved_addr();
+  if (cur ||
+      resolve_my_address(LOG_INFO, options, &cur, NULL, NULL) >= 0) {
     /* We're all set -- we already know our address. Great. */
     tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&last_guessed_ip, cur); /* store it in case we
                                                    need it later */
@@ -1915,7 +2208,7 @@ router_new_address_suggestion(const char *suggestion,
     /* Don't believe anybody who says our IP is, say, 127.0.0.1. */
     return;
   }
-  if (tor_addr_eq(&d_conn->_base.addr, &addr)) {
+  if (tor_addr_eq(&d_conn->base_.addr, &addr)) {
     /* Don't believe anybody who says our IP is their IP. */
     log_debug(LD_DIR, "A directory server told us our IP address is %s, "
               "but he's just reporting his own IP address. Ignoring.",
@@ -1931,7 +2224,7 @@ router_new_address_suggestion(const char *suggestion,
                                 "EXTERNAL_ADDRESS ADDRESS=%s METHOD=DIRSERV",
                                 suggestion);
     log_addr_has_changed(LOG_NOTICE, &last_guessed_ip, &addr,
-                         d_conn->_base.address);
+                         d_conn->base_.address);
     ip_address_changed(0);
     tor_addr_copy(&last_guessed_ip, &addr); /* router_rebuild_descriptor()
                                                will fetch it */
@@ -1970,55 +2263,54 @@ get_platform_str(char *platform, size_t len)
 #define DEBUG_ROUTER_DUMP_ROUTER_TO_STRING
 
 /** OR only: Given a routerinfo for this router, and an identity key to sign
- * with, encode the routerinfo as a signed server descriptor and write the
- * result into <b>s</b>, using at most <b>maxlen</b> bytes.  Return -1 on
- * failure, and the number of bytes used on success.
+ * with, encode the routerinfo as a signed server descriptor and return a new
+ * string encoding the result, or NULL on failure.
  */
-int
-router_dump_router_to_string(char *s, size_t maxlen, routerinfo_t *router,
+char *
+router_dump_router_to_string(routerinfo_t *router,
                              crypto_pk_t *ident_key)
 {
-  char *onion_pkey; /* Onion key, PEM-encoded. */
-  char *identity_pkey; /* Identity key, PEM-encoded. */
+  /* XXXX025 Make this look entirely at its arguments, and not at globals.
+   */
+  char *onion_pkey = NULL; /* Onion key, PEM-encoded. */
+  char *identity_pkey = NULL; /* Identity key, PEM-encoded. */
   char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
   char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
   char fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
   int has_extra_info_digest;
   char extra_info_digest[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
   size_t onion_pkeylen, identity_pkeylen;
-  size_t written;
-  int result=0;
-  addr_policy_t *tmpe;
-  char *family_line;
+  char *family_line = NULL;
   char *extra_or_address = NULL;
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
+  smartlist_t *chunks = NULL;
+  char *output = NULL;
 
   /* Make sure the identity key matches the one in the routerinfo. */
-  if (crypto_pk_cmp_keys(ident_key, router->identity_pkey)) {
+  if (!crypto_pk_eq_keys(ident_key, router->identity_pkey)) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"Tried to sign a router with a private key that didn't "
              "match router's public key!");
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   /* record our fingerprint, so we can include it in the descriptor */
   if (crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(router->identity_pkey, fingerprint, 1)<0) {
     log_err(LD_BUG,"Error computing fingerprint");
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   /* PEM-encode the onion key */
   if (crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(router->onion_pkey,
                                            &onion_pkey,&onion_pkeylen)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"write onion_pkey to string failed!");
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   /* PEM-encode the identity key */
   if (crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(router->identity_pkey,
                                         &identity_pkey,&identity_pkeylen)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"write identity_pkey to string failed!");
-    tor_free(onion_pkey);
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   /* Encode the publication time. */
@@ -2053,14 +2345,15 @@ router_dump_router_to_string(char *s, size_t maxlen, routerinfo_t *router,
     }
   }
 
+  chunks = smartlist_new();
   /* Generate the easy portion of the router descriptor. */
-  result = tor_snprintf(s, maxlen,
+  smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
                     "router %s %s %d 0 %d\n"
                     "%s"
                     "platform %s\n"
-                    "opt protocols Link 1 2 Circuit 1\n"
+                    "protocols Link 1 2 Circuit 1\n"
                     "published %s\n"
-                    "opt fingerprint %s\n"
+                    "fingerprint %s\n"
                     "uptime %ld\n"
                     "bandwidth %d %d %d\n"
                     "%s%s%s%s"
@@ -2079,113 +2372,115 @@ router_dump_router_to_string(char *s, size_t maxlen, routerinfo_t *router,
     (int) router->bandwidthrate,
     (int) router->bandwidthburst,
     (int) router->bandwidthcapacity,
-    has_extra_info_digest ? "opt extra-info-digest " : "",
+    has_extra_info_digest ? "extra-info-digest " : "",
     has_extra_info_digest ? extra_info_digest : "",
     has_extra_info_digest ? "\n" : "",
-    options->DownloadExtraInfo ? "opt caches-extra-info\n" : "",
+    options->DownloadExtraInfo ? "caches-extra-info\n" : "",
     onion_pkey, identity_pkey,
     family_line,
-    we_are_hibernating() ? "opt hibernating 1\n" : "",
-    options->HidServDirectoryV2 ? "opt hidden-service-dir\n" : "",
-    options->AllowSingleHopExits ? "opt allow-single-hop-exits\n" : "");
-
-  tor_free(family_line);
-  tor_free(onion_pkey);
-  tor_free(identity_pkey);
-  tor_free(extra_or_address);
-
-  if (result < 0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG,"descriptor snprintf #1 ran out of room!");
-    return -1;
-  }
-  /* From now on, we use 'written' to remember the current length of 's'. */
-  written = result;
+    we_are_hibernating() ? "hibernating 1\n" : "",
+    options->HidServDirectoryV2 ? "hidden-service-dir\n" : "",
+    options->AllowSingleHopExits ? "allow-single-hop-exits\n" : "");
 
   if (options->ContactInfo && strlen(options->ContactInfo)) {
     const char *ci = options->ContactInfo;
     if (strchr(ci, '\n') || strchr(ci, '\r'))
       ci = escaped(ci);
-    result = tor_snprintf(s+written,maxlen-written, "contact %s\n", ci);
-    if (result<0) {
-      log_warn(LD_BUG,"descriptor snprintf #2 ran out of room!");
-      return -1;
-    }
-    written += result;
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "contact %s\n", ci);
   }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  if (router->onion_curve25519_pkey) {
+    char kbuf[128];
+    base64_encode(kbuf, sizeof(kbuf),
+                  (const char *)router->onion_curve25519_pkey->public_key,
+                  CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "ntor-onion-key %s", kbuf);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Write the exit policy to the end of 's'. */
   if (!router->exit_policy || !smartlist_len(router->exit_policy)) {
-    strlcat(s+written, "reject *:*\n", maxlen-written);
-    written += strlen("reject *:*\n");
-    tmpe = NULL;
+    smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("reject *:*\n"));
   } else if (router->exit_policy) {
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(router->exit_policy); ++i) {
-      tmpe = smartlist_get(router->exit_policy, i);
-      result = policy_write_item(s+written, maxlen-written, tmpe, 1);
+      char pbuf[POLICY_BUF_LEN];
+      addr_policy_t *tmpe = smartlist_get(router->exit_policy, i);
+      int result;
+      if (tor_addr_family(&tmpe->addr) == AF_INET6)
+        continue; /* Don't include IPv6 parts of address policy */
+      result = policy_write_item(pbuf, POLICY_BUF_LEN, tmpe, 1);
       if (result < 0) {
         log_warn(LD_BUG,"descriptor policy_write_item ran out of room!");
-        return -1;
-      }
-      tor_assert(result == (int)strlen(s+written));
-      written += result;
-      if (written+2 > maxlen) {
-        log_warn(LD_BUG,"descriptor policy_write_item ran out of room (2)!");
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
       }
-      s[written++] = '\n';
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "%s\n", pbuf);
     }
   }
 
-  if (written + DIROBJ_MAX_SIG_LEN > maxlen) {
-    /* Not enough room for signature. */
-    log_warn(LD_BUG,"not enough room left in descriptor for signature!");
-    return -1;
+  if (router->ipv6_exit_policy) {
+    char *p6 = write_short_policy(router->ipv6_exit_policy);
+    if (p6 && strcmp(p6, "reject 1-65535")) {
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks,
+                            "ipv6-policy %s\n", p6);
+    }
+    tor_free(p6);
   }
 
   /* Sign the descriptor */
-  strlcpy(s+written, "router-signature\n", maxlen-written);
-  written += strlen(s+written);
-  s[written] = '\0';
-  if (router_get_router_hash(s, strlen(s), digest) < 0) {
-    return -1;
-  }
+  smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("router-signature\n"));
+
+  crypto_digest_smartlist(digest, DIGEST_LEN, chunks, "", DIGEST_SHA1);
 
   note_crypto_pk_op(SIGN_RTR);
-  if (router_append_dirobj_signature(s+written,maxlen-written,
-                                     digest,DIGEST_LEN,ident_key)<0) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't sign router descriptor");
-    return -1;
+  {
+    char *sig;
+    if (!(sig = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest, DIGEST_LEN, ident_key))) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't sign router descriptor");
+      goto err;
+    }
+    smartlist_add(chunks, sig);
   }
-  written += strlen(s+written);
 
-  if (written+2 > maxlen) {
-    log_warn(LD_BUG,"Not enough room to finish descriptor.");
-    return -1;
-  }
   /* include a last '\n' */
-  s[written] = '\n';
-  s[written+1] = 0;
+  smartlist_add(chunks, tor_strdup("\n"));
+
+  output = smartlist_join_strings(chunks, "", 0, NULL);
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_ROUTER_DUMP_ROUTER_TO_STRING
   {
     char *s_dup;
     const char *cp;
     routerinfo_t *ri_tmp;
-    cp = s_dup = tor_strdup(s);
+    cp = s_dup = tor_strdup(output);
     ri_tmp = router_parse_entry_from_string(cp, NULL, 1, 0, NULL);
     if (!ri_tmp) {
       log_err(LD_BUG,
               "We just generated a router descriptor we can't parse.");
-      log_err(LD_BUG, "Descriptor was: <<%s>>", s);
-      return -1;
+      log_err(LD_BUG, "Descriptor was: <<%s>>", output);
+      goto err;
     }
     tor_free(s_dup);
     routerinfo_free(ri_tmp);
   }
 #endif
 
-  return (int)written+1;
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  tor_free(output); /* sets output to NULL */
+ done:
+  if (chunks) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunks, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+    smartlist_free(chunks);
+  }
+  tor_free(family_line);
+  tor_free(onion_pkey);
+  tor_free(identity_pkey);
+  tor_free(extra_or_address);
+
+  return output;
 }
 
 /** Copy the primary (IPv4) OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
@@ -2198,40 +2493,24 @@ router_get_prim_orport(const routerinfo_t *router, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
   ap_out->port = router->or_port;
 }
 
-/** Return 1 if we prefer the IPv6 address and OR TCP port of
- * <b>router</b>, else 0.
- *
- *  We prefer the IPv6 address if the router has one and
- *  i) the routerinfo_t says so
- *  or
- *  ii) the router has no IPv4 address.  */
+/** Return 1 if any of <b>router</b>'s addresses are <b>addr</b>.
+ *   Otherwise return 0. */
 int
-router_ipv6_preferred(const routerinfo_t *router)
+router_has_addr(const routerinfo_t *router, const tor_addr_t *addr)
 {
-  return (!tor_addr_is_null(&router->ipv6_addr)
-          && (router->ipv6_preferred || router->addr == 0));
-}
-
-/** Copy the preferred OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
- * <b>router</b> into *<b>addr_out</b>.  */
-void
-router_get_pref_orport(const routerinfo_t *router, tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
-{
-  if (router_ipv6_preferred(router))
-    router_get_pref_ipv6_orport(router, ap_out);
-  else
-    router_get_prim_orport(router, ap_out);
+  return
+    tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(addr, router->addr) ||
+    tor_addr_eq(&router->ipv6_addr, addr);
 }
 
-/** Copy the preferred IPv6 OR port (IP address and TCP port) for
- * <b>router</b> into *<b>ap_out</b>. */
-void
-router_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
-                            tor_addr_port_t *ap_out)
+int
+router_has_orport(const routerinfo_t *router, const tor_addr_port_t *orport)
 {
-  tor_assert(ap_out != NULL);
-  tor_addr_copy(&ap_out->addr, &router->ipv6_addr);
-  ap_out->port = router->ipv6_orport;
+  return
+    (tor_addr_eq_ipv4h(&orport->addr, router->addr) &&
+     orport->port == router->or_port) ||
+    (tor_addr_eq(&orport->addr, &router->ipv6_addr) &&
+     orport->port == router->ipv6_orport);
 }
 
 /** Load the contents of <b>filename</b>, find the last line starting with
@@ -2316,9 +2595,12 @@ extrainfo_dump_to_string(char **s_out, extrainfo_t *extrainfo,
   tor_free(bandwidth_usage);
   smartlist_add(chunks, pre);
 
-  if (geoip_is_loaded()) {
-    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "geoip-db-digest %s\n", geoip_db_digest());
-  }
+  if (geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET))
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "geoip-db-digest %s\n",
+                           geoip_db_digest(AF_INET));
+  if (geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET6))
+    smartlist_add_asprintf(chunks, "geoip6-db-digest %s\n",
+                           geoip_db_digest(AF_INET6));
 
   if (options->ExtraInfoStatistics && write_stats_to_extrainfo) {
     log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Adding stats to extra-info descriptor.");
@@ -2349,6 +2631,13 @@ extrainfo_dump_to_string(char **s_out, extrainfo_t *extrainfo,
     }
   }
 
+  /* Add information about the pluggable transports we support. */
+  if (options->ServerTransportPlugin) {
+    char *pluggable_transports = pt_get_extra_info_descriptor_string();
+    if (pluggable_transports)
+      smartlist_add(chunks, pluggable_transports);
+  }
+
   if (should_record_bridge_info(options) && write_stats_to_extrainfo) {
     const char *bridge_stats = geoip_get_bridge_stats_extrainfo(now);
     if (bridge_stats) {
@@ -2431,7 +2720,9 @@ extrainfo_dump_to_string(char **s_out, extrainfo_t *extrainfo,
   return result;
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a legally valid server nickname. */
+/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a valid server nickname. (That is, a string
+ * containing between 1 and MAX_NICKNAME_LEN characters from
+ * LEGAL_NICKNAME_CHARACTERS.) */
 int
 is_legal_nickname(const char *s)
 {
@@ -2442,7 +2733,7 @@ is_legal_nickname(const char *s)
     strspn(s,LEGAL_NICKNAME_CHARACTERS) == len;
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a legally valid server nickname or
+/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a valid server nickname or
  * hex-encoded identity-key digest. */
 int
 is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(const char *s)
@@ -2453,8 +2744,11 @@ is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(const char *s)
     return is_legal_hexdigest(s);
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a legally valid hex-encoded identity-key
- * digest. */
+/** Return true iff <b>s</b> is a valid hex-encoded identity-key
+ * digest. (That is, an optional $, followed by 40 hex characters,
+ * followed by either nothing, or = or ~ followed by a nickname, or
+ * a character other than =, ~, or a hex character.)
+ */
 int
 is_legal_hexdigest(const char *s)
 {
@@ -2677,23 +2971,6 @@ router_get_verbose_nickname(char *buf, const routerinfo_t *router)
   strlcpy(buf+1+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, router->nickname, MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1);
 }
 
-/** Set <b>buf</b> (which must have MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+1 bytes) to the
- * verbose representation of the identity of <b>router</b>.  The format is:
- *  A dollar sign.
- *  The upper-case hexadecimal encoding of the SHA1 hash of router's identity.
- *  A "=" if the router is named; a "~" if it is not.
- *  The router's nickname.
- **/
-void
-routerstatus_get_verbose_nickname(char *buf, const routerstatus_t *router)
-{
-  buf[0] = '$';
-  base16_encode(buf+1, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, router->identity_digest,
-                DIGEST_LEN);
-  buf[1+HEX_DIGEST_LEN] = router->is_named ? '=' : '~';
-  strlcpy(buf+1+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, router->nickname, MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1);
-}
-
 /** Forget that we have issued any router-related warnings, so that we'll
  * warn again if we see the same errors. */
 void
@@ -2752,9 +3029,41 @@ router_free_all(void)
   crypto_pk_free(legacy_signing_key);
   authority_cert_free(legacy_key_certificate);
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  memwipe(&curve25519_onion_key, 0, sizeof(curve25519_onion_key));
+  memwipe(&last_curve25519_onion_key, 0, sizeof(last_curve25519_onion_key));
+#endif
+
   if (warned_nonexistent_family) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(warned_nonexistent_family, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
     smartlist_free(warned_nonexistent_family);
   }
 }
 
+/** Return a smartlist of tor_addr_port_t's with all the OR ports of
+    <b>ri</b>. Note that freeing of the items in the list as well as
+    the smartlist itself is the callers responsibility.
+
+    XXX duplicating code from node_get_all_orports(). */
+smartlist_t *
+router_get_all_orports(const routerinfo_t *ri)
+{
+  smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
+  tor_assert(ri);
+
+  if (ri->addr != 0) {
+    tor_addr_port_t *ap = tor_malloc(sizeof(tor_addr_port_t));
+    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&ap->addr, ri->addr);
+    ap->port = ri->or_port;
+    smartlist_add(sl, ap);
+  }
+  if (!tor_addr_is_null(&ri->ipv6_addr)) {
+    tor_addr_port_t *ap = tor_malloc(sizeof(tor_addr_port_t));
+    tor_addr_copy(&ap->addr, &ri->ipv6_addr);
+    ap->port = ri->or_port;
+    smartlist_add(sl, ap);
+  }
+
+  return sl;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/router.h b/src/or/router.h
index 69805d6f2d..60095d087b 100644
--- a/src/or/router.h
+++ b/src/or/router.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
  * \brief Header file for router.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_ROUTER_H
-#define _TOR_ROUTER_H
+#ifndef TOR_ROUTER_H
+#define TOR_ROUTER_H
 
 crypto_pk_t *get_onion_key(void);
 time_t get_onion_key_set_at(void);
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ crypto_pk_t *init_key_from_file(const char *fname, int generate,
                                     int severity);
 void v3_authority_check_key_expiry(void);
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+di_digest256_map_t *construct_ntor_key_map(void);
+void ntor_key_map_free(di_digest256_map_t *map);
+#endif
+
 int router_initialize_tls_context(void);
 int init_keys(void);
 
@@ -53,8 +58,11 @@ int authdir_mode_publishes_statuses(const or_options_t *options);
 int authdir_mode_tests_reachability(const or_options_t *options);
 int authdir_mode_bridge(const or_options_t *options);
 
-uint16_t router_get_active_listener_port_by_type(int listener_type);
+uint16_t router_get_active_listener_port_by_type_af(int listener_type,
+                                                    sa_family_t family);
 uint16_t router_get_advertised_or_port(const or_options_t *options);
+uint16_t router_get_advertised_or_port_by_af(const or_options_t *options,
+                                             sa_family_t family);
 uint16_t router_get_advertised_dir_port(const or_options_t *options,
                                         uint16_t dirport);
 
@@ -72,20 +80,21 @@ void check_descriptor_bandwidth_changed(time_t now);
 void check_descriptor_ipaddress_changed(time_t now);
 void router_new_address_suggestion(const char *suggestion,
                                    const dir_connection_t *d_conn);
-int router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(edge_connection_t *conn);
+int router_compare_to_my_exit_policy(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
 int router_my_exit_policy_is_reject_star(void);
 const routerinfo_t *router_get_my_routerinfo(void);
 extrainfo_t *router_get_my_extrainfo(void);
 const char *router_get_my_descriptor(void);
 const char *router_get_descriptor_gen_reason(void);
 int router_digest_is_me(const char *digest);
+const uint8_t *router_get_my_id_digest(void);
 int router_extrainfo_digest_is_me(const char *digest);
 int router_is_me(const routerinfo_t *router);
 int router_fingerprint_is_me(const char *fp);
 int router_pick_published_address(const or_options_t *options, uint32_t *addr);
 int router_rebuild_descriptor(int force);
-int router_dump_router_to_string(char *s, size_t maxlen, routerinfo_t *router,
-                                 crypto_pk_t *ident_key);
+char *router_dump_router_to_string(routerinfo_t *router,
+                                   crypto_pk_t *ident_key);
 void router_get_prim_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
                             tor_addr_port_t *addr_port_out);
 void router_get_pref_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
@@ -93,6 +102,9 @@ void router_get_pref_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
 void router_get_pref_ipv6_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
                                  tor_addr_port_t *addr_port_out);
 int router_ipv6_preferred(const routerinfo_t *router);
+int router_has_addr(const routerinfo_t *router, const tor_addr_t *addr);
+int router_has_orport(const routerinfo_t *router,
+                      const tor_addr_port_t *orport);
 int extrainfo_dump_to_string(char **s, extrainfo_t *extrainfo,
                              crypto_pk_t *ident_key);
 int is_legal_nickname(const char *s);
@@ -123,8 +135,6 @@ const char *routerstatus_describe(const routerstatus_t *ri);
 const char *extend_info_describe(const extend_info_t *ei);
 
 void router_get_verbose_nickname(char *buf, const routerinfo_t *router);
-void routerstatus_get_verbose_nickname(char *buf,
-                                       const routerstatus_t *router);
 void router_reset_warnings(void);
 void router_reset_reachability(void);
 void router_free_all(void);
@@ -132,6 +142,8 @@ void router_free_all(void);
 const char *router_purpose_to_string(uint8_t p);
 uint8_t router_purpose_from_string(const char *s);
 
+smartlist_t *router_get_all_orports(const routerinfo_t *ri);
+
 #ifdef ROUTER_PRIVATE
 /* Used only by router.c and test.c */
 void get_platform_str(char *platform, size_t len);
diff --git a/src/or/routerlist.c b/src/or/routerlist.c
index 9e59c332a1..8fe496b51e 100644
--- a/src/or/routerlist.c
+++ b/src/or/routerlist.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,14 +11,17 @@
  * servers.
  **/
 
+#define ROUTERLIST_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
-#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "control.h"
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
+#include "fp_pair.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
 #include "hibernate.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -33,55 +36,81 @@
 #include "router.h"
 #include "routerlist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
 
 // #define DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 
 /****************************************************************************/
 
+DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(sdmap_, digest_sd_map_t, signed_descriptor_t)
+DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(rimap_, digest_ri_map_t, routerinfo_t)
+DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(eimap_, digest_ei_map_t, extrainfo_t)
+DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(dsmap_, digest_ds_map_t, download_status_t)
+#define SDMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar)                              \
+  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(sdmap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, signed_descriptor_t *, \
+                    valvar)
+#define RIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
+  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(rimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, routerinfo_t *, valvar)
+#define EIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
+  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(eimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, extrainfo_t *, valvar)
+#define DSMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
+  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(dsmap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, download_status_t *, \
+                    valvar)
+
+/* Forward declaration for cert_list_t */
+typedef struct cert_list_t cert_list_t;
+
 /* static function prototypes */
+static int compute_weighted_bandwidths(const smartlist_t *sl,
+                                       bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule,
+                                       u64_dbl_t **bandwidths_out);
 static const routerstatus_t *router_pick_directory_server_impl(
                                            dirinfo_type_t auth, int flags);
 static const routerstatus_t *router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(
-                          dirinfo_type_t auth, int flags, int *n_busy_out);
-static void mark_all_trusteddirservers_up(void);
-static int router_nickname_matches(const routerinfo_t *router,
-                                   const char *nickname);
-static int node_nickname_matches(const node_t *router,
-                                 const char *nickname);
-static void trusted_dir_server_free(trusted_dir_server_t *ds);
+                const smartlist_t *sourcelist, dirinfo_type_t auth,
+                int flags, int *n_busy_out);
+static const routerstatus_t *router_pick_dirserver_generic(
+                              smartlist_t *sourcelist,
+                              dirinfo_type_t type, int flags);
+static void mark_all_dirservers_up(smartlist_t *server_list);
+static void dir_server_free(dir_server_t *ds);
 static int signed_desc_digest_is_recognized(signed_descriptor_t *desc);
-static void update_router_have_minimum_dir_info(void);
 static const char *signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(
                                               const signed_descriptor_t *desc,
                                               int with_annotations);
 static void list_pending_downloads(digestmap_t *result,
                                    int purpose, const char *prefix);
+static void list_pending_fpsk_downloads(fp_pair_map_t *result);
 static void launch_dummy_descriptor_download_as_needed(time_t now,
                                    const or_options_t *options);
-
-DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(sdmap_, digest_sd_map_t, signed_descriptor_t)
-DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(rimap_, digest_ri_map_t, routerinfo_t)
-DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(eimap_, digest_ei_map_t, extrainfo_t)
-#define SDMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar)                              \
-  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(sdmap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, signed_descriptor_t *, \
-                    valvar)
-#define RIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
-  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(rimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, routerinfo_t *, valvar)
-#define EIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
-  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(eimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, extrainfo_t *, valvar)
+static void download_status_reset_by_sk_in_cl(cert_list_t *cl,
+                                              const char *digest);
+static int download_status_is_ready_by_sk_in_cl(cert_list_t *cl,
+                                                const char *digest,
+                                                time_t now, int max_failures);
 
 /****************************************************************************/
 
-/** Global list of a trusted_dir_server_t object for each trusted directory
- * server. */
+/** Global list of a dir_server_t object for each directory
+ * authority. */
 static smartlist_t *trusted_dir_servers = NULL;
+/** Global list of dir_server_t objects for all directory authorities
+ * and all fallback directory servers. */
+static smartlist_t *fallback_dir_servers = NULL;
 
 /** List of for a given authority, and download status for latest certificate.
  */
-typedef struct cert_list_t {
-  download_status_t dl_status;
+struct cert_list_t {
+  /*
+   * The keys of download status map are cert->signing_key_digest for pending
+   * downloads by (identity digest/signing key digest) pair; functions such
+   * as authority_cert_get_by_digest() already assume these are unique.
+   */
+  struct digest_ds_map_t *dl_status_map;
+  /* There is also a dlstatus for the download by identity key only */
+  download_status_t dl_status_by_id;
   smartlist_t *certs;
-} cert_list_t;
+};
 /** Map from v3 identity key digest to cert_list_t. */
 static digestmap_t *trusted_dir_certs = NULL;
 /** True iff any key certificate in at least one member of
@@ -119,12 +148,78 @@ get_n_authorities(dirinfo_type_t type)
   int n = 0;
   if (!trusted_dir_servers)
     return 0;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds,
                     if (ds->type & type)
                       ++n);
   return n;
 }
 
+/** Reset the download status of a specified element in a dsmap */
+static void
+download_status_reset_by_sk_in_cl(cert_list_t *cl, const char *digest)
+{
+  download_status_t *dlstatus = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cl);
+  tor_assert(digest);
+
+  /* Make sure we have a dsmap */
+  if (!(cl->dl_status_map)) {
+    cl->dl_status_map = dsmap_new();
+  }
+  /* Look for a download_status_t in the map with this digest */
+  dlstatus = dsmap_get(cl->dl_status_map, digest);
+  /* Got one? */
+  if (!dlstatus) {
+    /* Insert before we reset */
+    dlstatus = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*dlstatus));
+    dsmap_set(cl->dl_status_map, digest, dlstatus);
+  }
+  tor_assert(dlstatus);
+  /* Go ahead and reset it */
+  download_status_reset(dlstatus);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return true if the download for this signing key digest in cl is ready
+ * to be re-attempted.
+ */
+static int
+download_status_is_ready_by_sk_in_cl(cert_list_t *cl,
+                                     const char *digest,
+                                     time_t now, int max_failures)
+{
+  int rv = 0;
+  download_status_t *dlstatus = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(cl);
+  tor_assert(digest);
+
+  /* Make sure we have a dsmap */
+  if (!(cl->dl_status_map)) {
+    cl->dl_status_map = dsmap_new();
+  }
+  /* Look for a download_status_t in the map with this digest */
+  dlstatus = dsmap_get(cl->dl_status_map, digest);
+  /* Got one? */
+  if (dlstatus) {
+    /* Use download_status_is_ready() */
+    rv = download_status_is_ready(dlstatus, now, max_failures);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * If we don't know anything about it, return 1, since we haven't
+     * tried this one before.  We need to create a new entry here,
+     * too.
+     */
+    dlstatus = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*dlstatus));
+    download_status_reset(dlstatus);
+    dsmap_set(cl->dl_status_map, digest, dlstatus);
+    rv = 1;
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
 #define get_n_v2_authorities() get_n_authorities(V2_DIRINFO)
 
 /** Helper: Return the cert_list_t for an authority whose authority ID is
@@ -138,13 +233,35 @@ get_cert_list(const char *id_digest)
   cl = digestmap_get(trusted_dir_certs, id_digest);
   if (!cl) {
     cl = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cert_list_t));
-    cl->dl_status.schedule = DL_SCHED_CONSENSUS;
+    cl->dl_status_by_id.schedule = DL_SCHED_CONSENSUS;
     cl->certs = smartlist_new();
+    cl->dl_status_map = dsmap_new();
     digestmap_set(trusted_dir_certs, id_digest, cl);
   }
   return cl;
 }
 
+/** Release all space held by a cert_list_t */
+static void
+cert_list_free(cert_list_t *cl)
+{
+  if (!cl)
+    return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cl->certs, authority_cert_t *, cert,
+                    authority_cert_free(cert));
+  smartlist_free(cl->certs);
+  dsmap_free(cl->dl_status_map, tor_free_);
+  tor_free(cl);
+}
+
+/** Wrapper for cert_list_free so we can pass it to digestmap_free */
+static void
+cert_list_free_(void *cl)
+{
+  cert_list_free(cl);
+}
+
 /** Reload the cached v3 key certificates from the cached-certs file in
  * the data directory. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
 int
@@ -159,7 +276,9 @@ trusted_dirs_reload_certs(void)
   tor_free(filename);
   if (!contents)
     return 0;
-  r = trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(contents, 1, 1);
+  r = trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(
+        contents,
+        TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_STORE, 1);
   tor_free(contents);
   return r;
 }
@@ -182,17 +301,23 @@ already_have_cert(authority_cert_t *cert)
 }
 
 /** Load a bunch of new key certificates from the string <b>contents</b>.  If
- * <b>from_store</b> is true, the certificates are from the cache, and we
- * don't need to flush them to disk. If <b>flush</b> is true, we need
- * to flush any changed certificates to disk now.  Return 0 on success, -1
- * if any certs fail to parse. */
+ * <b>source</b> is TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_STORE, the certificates are
+ * from the cache, and we don't need to flush them to disk.  If we are a
+ * dirauth loading our own cert, source is TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_SELF.
+ * Otherwise, source is download type: TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_DIGEST
+ * or TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_SK_DIGEST.  If <b>flush</b> is true, we
+ * need to flush any changed certificates to disk now.  Return 0 on success,
+ * -1 if any certs fail to parse.
+ */
+
 int
-trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int from_store,
+trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int source,
                                     int flush)
 {
-  trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+  dir_server_t *ds;
   const char *s, *eos;
   int failure_code = 0;
+  int from_store = (source == TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_STORE);
 
   for (s = contents; *s; s = eos) {
     authority_cert_t *cert = authority_cert_parse_from_string(s, &eos);
@@ -213,9 +338,13 @@ trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int from_store,
                from_store ? "cached" : "downloaded",
                ds ? ds->nickname : "an old or new authority");
 
-      /* a duplicate on a download should be treated as a failure, since it
-       * probably means we wanted a different secret key or we are trying to
-       * replace an expired cert that has not in fact been updated. */
+      /*
+       * A duplicate on download should be treated as a failure, so we call
+       * authority_cert_dl_failed() to reset the download status to make sure
+       * we can't try again.  Since we've implemented the fp-sk mechanism
+       * to download certs by signing key, this should be much rarer than it
+       * was and is perhaps cause for concern.
+       */
       if (!from_store) {
         if (authdir_mode(get_options())) {
           log_warn(LD_DIR,
@@ -229,7 +358,18 @@ trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int from_store,
                    ds ? ds->nickname : "an old or new authority");
         }
 
-        authority_cert_dl_failed(cert->cache_info.identity_digest, 404);
+        /*
+         * This is where we care about the source; authority_cert_dl_failed()
+         * needs to know whether the download was by fp or (fp,sk) pair to
+         * twiddle the right bit in the download map.
+         */
+        if (source == TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_DIGEST) {
+          authority_cert_dl_failed(cert->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                   NULL, 404);
+        } else if (source == TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_SK_DIGEST) {
+          authority_cert_dl_failed(cert->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                                   cert->signing_key_digest, 404);
+        }
       }
 
       authority_cert_free(cert);
@@ -329,7 +469,6 @@ trusted_dirs_remove_old_certs(void)
   time_t now = time(NULL);
 #define DEAD_CERT_LIFETIME (2*24*60*60)
 #define OLD_CERT_LIFETIME (7*24*60*60)
-#define CERT_EXPIRY_SKEW (60*60)
   if (!trusted_dir_certs)
     return;
 
@@ -445,17 +584,53 @@ authority_cert_get_all(smartlist_t *certs_out)
 }
 
 /** Called when an attempt to download a certificate with the authority with
- * ID <b>id_digest</b> fails with HTTP response code <b>status</b>: remember
- * the failure, so we don't try again immediately. */
+ * ID <b>id_digest</b> and, if not NULL, signed with key signing_key_digest
+ * fails with HTTP response code <b>status</b>: remember the failure, so we
+ * don't try again immediately. */
 void
-authority_cert_dl_failed(const char *id_digest, int status)
+authority_cert_dl_failed(const char *id_digest,
+                         const char *signing_key_digest, int status)
 {
   cert_list_t *cl;
+  download_status_t *dlstatus = NULL;
+  char id_digest_str[2*DIGEST_LEN+1];
+  char sk_digest_str[2*DIGEST_LEN+1];
+
   if (!trusted_dir_certs ||
       !(cl = digestmap_get(trusted_dir_certs, id_digest)))
     return;
 
-  download_status_failed(&cl->dl_status, status);
+  /*
+   * Are we noting a failed download of the latest cert for the id digest,
+   * or of a download by (id, signing key) digest pair?
+   */
+  if (!signing_key_digest) {
+    /* Just by id digest */
+    download_status_failed(&cl->dl_status_by_id, status);
+  } else {
+    /* Reset by (id, signing key) digest pair
+     *
+     * Look for a download_status_t in the map with this digest
+     */
+    dlstatus = dsmap_get(cl->dl_status_map, signing_key_digest);
+    /* Got one? */
+    if (dlstatus) {
+      download_status_failed(dlstatus, status);
+    } else {
+      /*
+       * Do this rather than hex_str(), since hex_str clobbers
+       * old results and we call twice in the param list.
+       */
+      base16_encode(id_digest_str, sizeof(id_digest_str),
+                    id_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+      base16_encode(sk_digest_str, sizeof(sk_digest_str),
+                    signing_key_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+      log_warn(LD_BUG,
+               "Got failure for cert fetch with (fp,sk) = (%s,%s), with "
+               "status %d, but knew nothing about the download.",
+               id_digest_str, sk_digest_str, status);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 static const char *BAD_SIGNING_KEYS[] = {
@@ -502,7 +677,7 @@ authority_cert_dl_looks_uncertain(const char *id_digest)
       !(cl = digestmap_get(trusted_dir_certs, id_digest)))
     return 0;
 
-  n_failures = download_status_get_n_failures(&cl->dl_status);
+  n_failures = download_status_get_n_failures(&cl->dl_status_by_id);
   return n_failures >= N_AUTH_CERT_DL_FAILURES_TO_BUG_USER;
 }
 
@@ -518,20 +693,88 @@ authority_cert_dl_looks_uncertain(const char *id_digest)
 void
 authority_certs_fetch_missing(networkstatus_t *status, time_t now)
 {
-  digestmap_t *pending;
+  /*
+   * The pending_id digestmap tracks pending certificate downloads by
+   * identity digest; the pending_cert digestmap tracks pending downloads
+   * by (identity digest, signing key digest) pairs.
+   */
+  digestmap_t *pending_id;
+  fp_pair_map_t *pending_cert;
   authority_cert_t *cert;
-  smartlist_t *missing_digests;
+  /*
+   * The missing_id_digests smartlist will hold a list of id digests
+   * we want to fetch the newest cert for; the missing_cert_digests
+   * smartlist will hold a list of fp_pair_t with an identity and
+   * signing key digest.
+   */
+  smartlist_t *missing_cert_digests, *missing_id_digests;
   char *resource = NULL;
   cert_list_t *cl;
   const int cache = directory_caches_unknown_auth_certs(get_options());
+  fp_pair_t *fp_tmp = NULL;
+  char id_digest_str[2*DIGEST_LEN+1];
+  char sk_digest_str[2*DIGEST_LEN+1];
 
   if (should_delay_dir_fetches(get_options()))
     return;
 
-  pending = digestmap_new();
-  missing_digests = smartlist_new();
+  pending_cert = fp_pair_map_new();
+  pending_id = digestmap_new();
+  missing_cert_digests = smartlist_new();
+  missing_id_digests = smartlist_new();
+
+  /*
+   * First, we get the lists of already pending downloads so we don't
+   * duplicate effort.
+   */
+  list_pending_downloads(pending_id, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE, "fp/");
+  list_pending_fpsk_downloads(pending_cert);
 
-  list_pending_downloads(pending, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE, "fp/");
+  /*
+   * Now, we download any trusted authority certs we don't have by
+   * identity digest only.  This gets the latest cert for that authority.
+   */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds) {
+    int found = 0;
+    if (!(ds->type & V3_DIRINFO))
+      continue;
+    if (smartlist_contains_digest(missing_id_digests,
+                                  ds->v3_identity_digest))
+      continue;
+    cl = get_cert_list(ds->v3_identity_digest);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(cl->certs, authority_cert_t *, cert) {
+      if (now < cert->expires) {
+        /* It's not expired, and we weren't looking for something to
+         * verify a consensus with.  Call it done. */
+        download_status_reset(&(cl->dl_status_by_id));
+        /* No sense trying to download it specifically by signing key hash */
+        download_status_reset_by_sk_in_cl(cl, cert->signing_key_digest);
+        found = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(cert);
+    if (!found &&
+        download_status_is_ready(&(cl->dl_status_by_id), now,
+                                 MAX_CERT_DL_FAILURES) &&
+        !digestmap_get(pending_id, ds->v3_identity_digest)) {
+      log_info(LD_DIR,
+               "No current certificate known for authority %s "
+               "(ID digest %s); launching request.",
+               ds->nickname, hex_str(ds->v3_identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
+      smartlist_add(missing_id_digests, ds->v3_identity_digest);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ds);
+
+  /*
+   * Next, if we have a consensus, scan through it and look for anything
+   * signed with a key from a cert we don't have.  Those get downloaded
+   * by (fp,sk) pair, but if we don't know any certs at all for the fp
+   * (identity digest), and it's one of the trusted dir server certs
+   * we started off above or a pending download in pending_id, don't
+   * try to get it yet.  Most likely, the one we'll get for that will
+   * have the right signing key too, and we'd just be downloading
+   * redundantly.
+   */
   if (status) {
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(status->voters, networkstatus_voter_info_t *,
                             voter) {
@@ -541,84 +784,164 @@ authority_certs_fetch_missing(networkstatus_t *status, time_t now)
       if (!cache &&
           !trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(voter->identity_digest))
         continue; /* We are not a cache, and we don't know this authority.*/
+
+      /*
+       * If we don't know *any* cert for this authority, and a download by ID
+       * is pending or we added it to missing_id_digests above, skip this
+       * one for now to avoid duplicate downloads.
+       */
       cl = get_cert_list(voter->identity_digest);
+      if (smartlist_len(cl->certs) == 0) {
+        /* We have no certs at all for this one */
+
+        /* Do we have a download of one pending? */
+        if (digestmap_get(pending_id, voter->identity_digest))
+          continue;
+
+        /*
+         * Are we about to launch a download of one due to the trusted
+         * dir server check above?
+         */
+        if (smartlist_contains_digest(missing_id_digests,
+                                      voter->identity_digest))
+          continue;
+      }
+
       SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(voter->sigs, document_signature_t *, sig) {
         cert = authority_cert_get_by_digests(voter->identity_digest,
                                              sig->signing_key_digest);
         if (cert) {
           if (now < cert->expires)
-            download_status_reset(&cl->dl_status);
+            download_status_reset_by_sk_in_cl(cl, sig->signing_key_digest);
           continue;
         }
-        if (download_status_is_ready(&cl->dl_status, now,
-                                     MAX_CERT_DL_FAILURES) &&
-            !digestmap_get(pending, voter->identity_digest)) {
-          log_info(LD_DIR, "We're missing a certificate from authority "
-                   "with signing key %s: launching request.",
-                   hex_str(sig->signing_key_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
-          smartlist_add(missing_digests, sig->identity_digest);
+        if (download_status_is_ready_by_sk_in_cl(
+              cl, sig->signing_key_digest,
+              now, MAX_CERT_DL_FAILURES) &&
+            !fp_pair_map_get_by_digests(pending_cert,
+                                        voter->identity_digest,
+                                        sig->signing_key_digest)) {
+          /*
+           * Do this rather than hex_str(), since hex_str clobbers
+           * old results and we call twice in the param list.
+           */
+          base16_encode(id_digest_str, sizeof(id_digest_str),
+                        voter->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+          base16_encode(sk_digest_str, sizeof(sk_digest_str),
+                        sig->signing_key_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+          if (voter->nickname) {
+            log_info(LD_DIR,
+                     "We're missing a certificate from authority %s "
+                     "(ID digest %s) with signing key %s: "
+                     "launching request.",
+                     voter->nickname, id_digest_str, sk_digest_str);
+          } else {
+            log_info(LD_DIR,
+                     "We're missing a certificate from authority ID digest "
+                     "%s with signing key %s: launching request.",
+                     id_digest_str, sk_digest_str);
+          }
+
+          /* Allocate a new fp_pair_t to append */
+          fp_tmp = tor_malloc(sizeof(*fp_tmp));
+          memcpy(fp_tmp->first, voter->identity_digest, sizeof(fp_tmp->first));
+          memcpy(fp_tmp->second, sig->signing_key_digest,
+                 sizeof(fp_tmp->second));
+          smartlist_add(missing_cert_digests, fp_tmp);
         }
       } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(sig);
     } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(voter);
   }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds) {
-    int found = 0;
-    if (!(ds->type & V3_DIRINFO))
-      continue;
-    if (smartlist_digest_isin(missing_digests, ds->v3_identity_digest))
-      continue;
-    cl = get_cert_list(ds->v3_identity_digest);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cl->certs, authority_cert_t *, cert, {
-      if (now < cert->expires) {
-        /* It's not expired, and we weren't looking for something to
-         * verify a consensus with.  Call it done. */
-        download_status_reset(&cl->dl_status);
-        found = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-    });
-    if (!found &&
-        download_status_is_ready(&cl->dl_status, now,MAX_CERT_DL_FAILURES) &&
-        !digestmap_get(pending, ds->v3_identity_digest)) {
-      log_info(LD_DIR, "No current certificate known for authority %s; "
-               "launching request.", ds->nickname);
-        smartlist_add(missing_digests, ds->v3_identity_digest);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ds);
 
-  if (!smartlist_len(missing_digests)) {
-    goto done;
-  } else {
+  /* Do downloads by identity digest */
+  if (smartlist_len(missing_id_digests) > 0) {
+    int need_plus = 0;
     smartlist_t *fps = smartlist_new();
+
     smartlist_add(fps, tor_strdup("fp/"));
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(missing_digests, const char *, d, {
-        char *fp;
-        if (digestmap_get(pending, d))
-          continue;
-        fp = tor_malloc(HEX_DIGEST_LEN+2);
-        base16_encode(fp, HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1, d, DIGEST_LEN);
-        fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN] = '+';
-        fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1] = '\0';
-        smartlist_add(fps, fp);
-      });
-    if (smartlist_len(fps) == 1) {
-      /* we didn't add any: they were all pending */
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fps, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_free(fps);
-      goto done;
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(missing_id_digests, const char *, d) {
+      char *fp = NULL;
+
+      if (digestmap_get(pending_id, d))
+        continue;
+
+      base16_encode(id_digest_str, sizeof(id_digest_str),
+                    d, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+      if (need_plus) {
+        tor_asprintf(&fp, "+%s", id_digest_str);
+      } else {
+        /* No need for tor_asprintf() in this case; first one gets no '+' */
+        fp = tor_strdup(id_digest_str);
+        need_plus = 1;
+      }
+
+      smartlist_add(fps, fp);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(d);
+
+    if (smartlist_len(fps) > 1) {
+      resource = smartlist_join_strings(fps, "", 0, NULL);
+      directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE, 0,
+                                   resource, PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS);
+      tor_free(resource);
     }
-    resource = smartlist_join_strings(fps, "", 0, NULL);
-    resource[strlen(resource)-1] = '\0';
+    /* else we didn't add any: they were all pending */
+
     SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fps, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
     smartlist_free(fps);
   }
-  directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE, 0,
-                               resource, PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS);
 
- done:
-  tor_free(resource);
-  smartlist_free(missing_digests);
-  digestmap_free(pending, NULL);
+  /* Do downloads by identity digest/signing key pair */
+  if (smartlist_len(missing_cert_digests) > 0) {
+    int need_plus = 0;
+    smartlist_t *fp_pairs = smartlist_new();
+
+    smartlist_add(fp_pairs, tor_strdup("fp-sk/"));
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(missing_cert_digests, const fp_pair_t *, d) {
+      char *fp_pair = NULL;
+
+      if (fp_pair_map_get(pending_cert, d))
+        continue;
+
+      /* Construct string encodings of the digests */
+      base16_encode(id_digest_str, sizeof(id_digest_str),
+                    d->first, DIGEST_LEN);
+      base16_encode(sk_digest_str, sizeof(sk_digest_str),
+                    d->second, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+      /* Now tor_asprintf() */
+      if (need_plus) {
+        tor_asprintf(&fp_pair, "+%s-%s", id_digest_str, sk_digest_str);
+      } else {
+        /* First one in the list doesn't get a '+' */
+        tor_asprintf(&fp_pair, "%s-%s", id_digest_str, sk_digest_str);
+        need_plus = 1;
+      }
+
+      /* Add it to the list of pairs to request */
+      smartlist_add(fp_pairs, fp_pair);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(d);
+
+    if (smartlist_len(fp_pairs) > 1) {
+      resource = smartlist_join_strings(fp_pairs, "", 0, NULL);
+      directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE, 0,
+                                   resource, PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS);
+      tor_free(resource);
+    }
+    /* else they were all pending */
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fp_pairs, char *, p, tor_free(p));
+    smartlist_free(fp_pairs);
+  }
+
+  smartlist_free(missing_id_digests);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(missing_cert_digests, fp_pair_t *, p, tor_free(p));
+  smartlist_free(missing_cert_digests);
+  digestmap_free(pending_id, NULL);
+  fp_pair_map_free(pending_cert, NULL);
 }
 
 /* Router descriptor storage.
@@ -686,7 +1009,7 @@ signed_desc_append_to_journal(signed_descriptor_t *desc,
  * signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>a</b> is older, the same age as, or newer than
  * the signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>b</b>. */
 static int
-_compare_signed_descriptors_by_age(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_signed_descriptors_by_age_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const signed_descriptor_t *r1 = *_a, *r2 = *_b;
   return (int)(r1->published_on - r2->published_on);
@@ -759,7 +1082,7 @@ router_rebuild_store(int flags, desc_store_t *store)
                       smartlist_add(signed_descriptors, &ri->cache_info));
   }
 
-  smartlist_sort(signed_descriptors, _compare_signed_descriptors_by_age);
+  smartlist_sort(signed_descriptors, compare_signed_descriptors_by_age_);
 
   /* Now, add the appropriate members to chunk_list */
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(signed_descriptors, signed_descriptor_t *, sd) {
@@ -945,11 +1268,11 @@ router_reload_router_list(void)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return a smartlist containing a list of trusted_dir_server_t * for all
+/** Return a smartlist containing a list of dir_server_t * for all
  * known trusted dirservers.  Callers must not modify the list or its
  * contents.
  */
-smartlist_t *
+const smartlist_t *
 router_get_trusted_dir_servers(void)
 {
   if (!trusted_dir_servers)
@@ -958,6 +1281,15 @@ router_get_trusted_dir_servers(void)
   return trusted_dir_servers;
 }
 
+const smartlist_t *
+router_get_fallback_dir_servers(void)
+{
+  if (!fallback_dir_servers)
+    fallback_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
+
+  return fallback_dir_servers;
+}
+
 /** Try to find a running dirserver that supports operations of <b>type</b>.
  *
  * If there are no running dirservers in our routerlist and the
@@ -978,7 +1310,7 @@ router_pick_directory_server(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
 {
   const routerstatus_t *choice;
   if (get_options()->PreferTunneledDirConns)
-    flags |= _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS;
+    flags |= PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_;
 
   if (!routerlist)
     return NULL;
@@ -991,7 +1323,7 @@ router_pick_directory_server(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
            "No reachable router entries for dirservers. "
            "Trying them all again.");
   /* mark all authdirservers as up again */
-  mark_all_trusteddirservers_up();
+  mark_all_dirservers_up(fallback_dir_servers);
   /* try again */
   choice = router_pick_directory_server_impl(type, flags);
   return choice;
@@ -1026,7 +1358,7 @@ router_get_my_share_of_directory_requests(double *v2_share_out,
     }
   }
 
-  if (rs->version_supports_v3_dir) {
+  {
     sl_last_total_weighted_bw = 0;
     router_pick_directory_server(V3_DIRINFO, pds_flags);
     if (sl_last_total_weighted_bw != 0) {
@@ -1038,16 +1370,16 @@ router_get_my_share_of_directory_requests(double *v2_share_out,
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return the trusted_dir_server_t for the directory authority whose identity
+/** Return the dir_server_t for the directory authority whose identity
  * key hashes to <b>digest</b>, or NULL if no such authority is known.
  */
-trusted_dir_server_t *
+dir_server_t *
 router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(const char *digest)
 {
   if (!trusted_dir_servers)
     return NULL;
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds,
      {
        if (tor_memeq(ds->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
          return ds;
@@ -1056,17 +1388,35 @@ router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(const char *digest)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Return the trusted_dir_server_t for the directory authority whose
+/** Return the dir_server_t for the fallback dirserver whose identity
+ * key hashes to <b>digest</b>, or NULL if no such authority is known.
+ */
+dir_server_t *
+router_get_fallback_dirserver_by_digest(const char *digest)
+{
+  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
+    return NULL;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds,
+     {
+       if (tor_memeq(ds->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
+         return ds;
+     });
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Return the dir_server_t for the directory authority whose
  * v3 identity key hashes to <b>digest</b>, or NULL if no such authority
  * is known.
  */
-trusted_dir_server_t *
+dir_server_t *
 trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(const char *digest)
 {
   if (!trusted_dir_servers)
     return NULL;
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ds,
      {
        if (tor_memeq(ds->v3_identity_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN) &&
            (ds->type & V3_DIRINFO))
@@ -1076,18 +1426,37 @@ trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(const char *digest)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Try to find a running trusted dirserver.  Flags are as for
+/** Try to find a running directory authority. Flags are as for
  * router_pick_directory_server.
  */
 const routerstatus_t *
 router_pick_trusteddirserver(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
 {
+  return router_pick_dirserver_generic(trusted_dir_servers, type, flags);
+}
+
+/** Try to find a running fallback directory Flags are as for
+ * router_pick_directory_server.
+ */
+const routerstatus_t *
+router_pick_fallback_dirserver(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
+{
+  return router_pick_dirserver_generic(fallback_dir_servers, type, flags);
+}
+
+/** Try to find a running fallback directory Flags are as for
+ * router_pick_directory_server.
+ */
+static const routerstatus_t *
+router_pick_dirserver_generic(smartlist_t *sourcelist,
+                              dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
+{
   const routerstatus_t *choice;
   int busy = 0;
   if (get_options()->PreferTunneledDirConns)
-    flags |= _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS;
+    flags |= PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_;
 
-  choice = router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(type, flags, &busy);
+  choice = router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(sourcelist, type, flags, &busy);
   if (choice || !(flags & PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS))
     return choice;
   if (busy) {
@@ -1100,9 +1469,9 @@ router_pick_trusteddirserver(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
   }
 
   log_info(LD_DIR,
-           "No trusted dirservers are reachable. Trying them all again.");
-  mark_all_trusteddirservers_up();
-  return router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(type, flags, NULL);
+           "No dirservers are reachable. Trying them all again.");
+  mark_all_dirservers_up(sourcelist);
+  return router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(sourcelist, type, flags, NULL);
 }
 
 /** How long do we avoid using a directory server after it's given us a 503? */
@@ -1112,7 +1481,7 @@ router_pick_trusteddirserver(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
  * routerlist.  Arguments are as for router_pick_directory_server(), except
  * that RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS is ignored, and:
  *
- * If the _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS flag is set, prefer directory servers
+ * If the PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_ flag is set, prefer directory servers
  * that we can use with BEGINDIR.
  */
 static const routerstatus_t *
@@ -1127,7 +1496,8 @@ router_pick_directory_server_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
   const networkstatus_t *consensus = networkstatus_get_latest_consensus();
   int requireother = ! (flags & PDS_ALLOW_SELF);
   int fascistfirewall = ! (flags & PDS_IGNORE_FASCISTFIREWALL);
-  int prefer_tunnel = (flags & _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS);
+  int prefer_tunnel = (flags & PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_);
+  int for_guard = (flags & PDS_FOR_GUARD);
   int try_excluding = 1, n_excluded = 0;
 
   if (!consensus)
@@ -1158,12 +1528,6 @@ router_pick_directory_server_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
       continue;
     if (requireother && router_digest_is_me(node->identity))
       continue;
-    if (type & V3_DIRINFO) {
-      if (!(status->version_supports_v3_dir ||
-            router_digest_is_trusted_dir_type(node->identity,
-                                              V3_DIRINFO)))
-        continue;
-    }
     is_trusted = router_digest_is_trusted_dir(node->identity);
     if ((type & V2_DIRINFO) && !(node->rs->is_v2_dir || is_trusted))
       continue;
@@ -1173,6 +1537,8 @@ router_pick_directory_server_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
     if ((type & MICRODESC_DIRINFO) && !is_trusted &&
         !node->rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache)
       continue;
+    if (for_guard && node->using_as_guard)
+      continue; /* Don't make the same node a guard twice. */
     if (try_excluding &&
         routerset_contains_routerstatus(options->ExcludeNodes, status,
                                         country)) {
@@ -1186,7 +1552,6 @@ router_pick_directory_server_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
     is_overloaded = status->last_dir_503_at + DIR_503_TIMEOUT > now;
 
     if (prefer_tunnel &&
-        status->version_supports_begindir &&
         (!fascistfirewall ||
          fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(&addr, status->or_port)))
       smartlist_add(is_trusted ? trusted_tunnel :
@@ -1234,28 +1599,56 @@ router_pick_directory_server_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags)
   return result ? result->rs : NULL;
 }
 
-/** Choose randomly from among the trusted dirservers that are up.  Flags
- * are as for router_pick_directory_server_impl().
+/** Pick a random element from a list of dir_server_t, weighting by their
+ * <b>weight</b> field. */
+static const dir_server_t *
+dirserver_choose_by_weight(const smartlist_t *servers, double authority_weight)
+{
+  int n = smartlist_len(servers);
+  int i;
+  u64_dbl_t *weights;
+  const dir_server_t *ds;
+
+  weights = tor_malloc(sizeof(u64_dbl_t) * n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    ds = smartlist_get(servers, i);
+    weights[i].dbl = ds->weight;
+    if (ds->is_authority)
+      weights[i].dbl *= authority_weight;
+  }
+
+  scale_array_elements_to_u64(weights, n, NULL);
+  i = choose_array_element_by_weight(weights, n);
+  tor_free(weights);
+  return (i < 0) ? NULL : smartlist_get(servers, i);
+}
+
+/** Choose randomly from among the dir_server_ts in sourcelist that
+ * are up. Flags are as for router_pick_directory_server_impl().
  */
 static const routerstatus_t *
-router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags,
+router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(const smartlist_t *sourcelist,
+                                  dirinfo_type_t type, int flags,
                                   int *n_busy_out)
 {
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   smartlist_t *direct, *tunnel;
   smartlist_t *overloaded_direct, *overloaded_tunnel;
   const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo();
-  const routerstatus_t *result;
+  const routerstatus_t *result = NULL;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   const int requireother = ! (flags & PDS_ALLOW_SELF);
   const int fascistfirewall = ! (flags & PDS_IGNORE_FASCISTFIREWALL);
-  const int prefer_tunnel = (flags & _PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS);
+  const int prefer_tunnel = (flags & PDS_PREFER_TUNNELED_DIR_CONNS_);
   const int no_serverdesc_fetching =(flags & PDS_NO_EXISTING_SERVERDESC_FETCH);
   const int no_microdesc_fetching =(flags & PDS_NO_EXISTING_MICRODESC_FETCH);
+  const double auth_weight = (sourcelist == fallback_dir_servers) ?
+    options->DirAuthorityFallbackRate : 1.0;
+  smartlist_t *pick_from;
   int n_busy = 0;
   int try_excluding = 1, n_excluded = 0;
 
-  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
+  if (!sourcelist)
     return NULL;
 
  retry_without_exclude:
@@ -1265,7 +1658,7 @@ router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags,
   overloaded_direct = smartlist_new();
   overloaded_tunnel = smartlist_new();
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, d)
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(sourcelist, const dir_server_t *, d)
     {
       int is_overloaded =
           d->fake_status.last_dir_503_at + DIR_503_TIMEOUT > now;
@@ -1311,23 +1704,29 @@ router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags,
           d->or_port &&
           (!fascistfirewall ||
            fascist_firewall_allows_address_or(&addr, d->or_port)))
-        smartlist_add(is_overloaded ? overloaded_tunnel : tunnel,
-                      &d->fake_status);
+        smartlist_add(is_overloaded ? overloaded_tunnel : tunnel, (void*)d);
       else if (!fascistfirewall ||
                fascist_firewall_allows_address_dir(&addr, d->dir_port))
-        smartlist_add(is_overloaded ? overloaded_direct : direct,
-                      &d->fake_status);
+        smartlist_add(is_overloaded ? overloaded_direct : direct, (void*)d);
     }
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(d);
 
   if (smartlist_len(tunnel)) {
-    result = smartlist_choose(tunnel);
+    pick_from = tunnel;
   } else if (smartlist_len(overloaded_tunnel)) {
-    result = smartlist_choose(overloaded_tunnel);
+    pick_from = overloaded_tunnel;
   } else if (smartlist_len(direct)) {
-    result = smartlist_choose(direct);
+    pick_from = direct;
   } else {
-    result = smartlist_choose(overloaded_direct);
+    pick_from = overloaded_direct;
+  }
+
+  {
+    const dir_server_t *selection =
+      dirserver_choose_by_weight(pick_from, auth_weight);
+
+    if (selection)
+      result = &selection->fake_status;
   }
 
   if (n_busy_out)
@@ -1349,19 +1748,19 @@ router_pick_trusteddirserver_impl(dirinfo_type_t type, int flags,
   return result;
 }
 
-/** Go through and mark the authoritative dirservers as up. */
+/** Mark as running every dir_server_t in <b>server_list</b>. */
 static void
-mark_all_trusteddirservers_up(void)
+mark_all_dirservers_up(smartlist_t *server_list)
 {
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodelist_get_list(), node_t *, node, {
-       if (router_digest_is_trusted_dir(node->identity))
-         node->is_running = 1;
-    });
-  if (trusted_dir_servers) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, dir) {
+  if (server_list) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(server_list, dir_server_t *, dir) {
       routerstatus_t *rs;
+      node_t *node;
       dir->is_running = 1;
       download_status_reset(&dir->v2_ns_dl_status);
+      node = node_get_mutable_by_id(dir->digest);
+      if (node)
+        node->is_running = 1;
       rs = router_get_mutable_consensus_status_by_id(dir->digest);
       if (rs) {
         rs->last_dir_503_at = 0;
@@ -1374,9 +1773,11 @@ mark_all_trusteddirservers_up(void)
 
 /** Return true iff r1 and r2 have the same address and OR port. */
 int
-routers_have_same_or_addr(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
+routers_have_same_or_addrs(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
 {
-  return r1->addr == r2->addr && r1->or_port == r2->or_port;
+  return r1->addr == r2->addr && r1->or_port == r2->or_port &&
+    tor_addr_eq(&r1->ipv6_addr, &r2->ipv6_addr) &&
+    r1->ipv6_orport == r2->ipv6_orport;
 }
 
 /** Reset all internal variables used to count failed downloads of network
@@ -1384,89 +1785,7 @@ routers_have_same_or_addr(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
 void
 router_reset_status_download_failures(void)
 {
-  mark_all_trusteddirservers_up();
-}
-
-/** Return true iff router1 and router2 have similar enough network addresses
- * that we should treat them as being in the same family */
-static INLINE int
-addrs_in_same_network_family(const tor_addr_t *a1,
-                             const tor_addr_t *a2)
-{
-  /* XXXX MOVE ? */
-  return 0 == tor_addr_compare_masked(a1, a2, 16, CMP_SEMANTIC);
-}
-
-/**
- * Add all the family of <b>node</b>, including <b>node</b> itself, to
- * the smartlist <b>sl</b>.
- *
- * This is used to make sure we don't pick siblings in a single path, or
- * pick more than one relay from a family for our entry guard list.
- * Note that a node may be added to <b>sl</b> more than once if it is
- * part of <b>node</b>'s family for more than one reason.
- */
-void
-nodelist_add_node_and_family(smartlist_t *sl, const node_t *node)
-{
-  /* XXXX MOVE */
-  const smartlist_t *all_nodes = nodelist_get_list();
-  const smartlist_t *declared_family;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-
-  tor_assert(node);
-
-  declared_family = node_get_declared_family(node);
-
-  /* Let's make sure that we have the node itself, if it's a real node. */
-  {
-    const node_t *real_node = node_get_by_id(node->identity);
-    if (real_node)
-      smartlist_add(sl, (node_t*)real_node);
-  }
-
-  /* First, add any nodes with similar network addresses. */
-  if (options->EnforceDistinctSubnets) {
-    tor_addr_t node_addr;
-    node_get_addr(node, &node_addr);
-
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(all_nodes, const node_t *, node2) {
-      tor_addr_t a;
-      node_get_addr(node2, &a);
-      if (addrs_in_same_network_family(&a, &node_addr))
-        smartlist_add(sl, (void*)node2);
-    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node2);
-  }
-
-  /* Now, add all nodes in the declared_family of this node, if they
-   * also declare this node to be in their family. */
-  if (declared_family) {
-    /* Add every r such that router declares familyness with node, and node
-     * declares familyhood with router. */
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(declared_family, const char *, name) {
-      const node_t *node2;
-      const smartlist_t *family2;
-      if (!(node2 = node_get_by_nickname(name, 0)))
-        continue;
-      if (!(family2 = node_get_declared_family(node2)))
-        continue;
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(family2, const char *, name2) {
-          if (node_nickname_matches(node, name2)) {
-            smartlist_add(sl, (void*)node2);
-            break;
-          }
-      } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(name2);
-    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(name);
-  }
-
-  /* If the user declared any families locally, honor those too. */
-  if (options->NodeFamilySets) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->NodeFamilySets, const routerset_t *, rs, {
-      if (routerset_contains_node(rs, node)) {
-        routerset_get_all_nodes(sl, rs, NULL, 0);
-      }
-    });
-  }
+  mark_all_dirservers_up(fallback_dir_servers);
 }
 
 /** Given a <b>router</b>, add every node_t in its family (including the
@@ -1490,83 +1809,6 @@ routerlist_add_node_and_family(smartlist_t *sl, const routerinfo_t *router)
   nodelist_add_node_and_family(sl, node);
 }
 
-/** Return true iff <b>node</b> is named by some nickname in <b>lst</b>. */
-static INLINE int
-node_in_nickname_smartlist(const smartlist_t *lst, const node_t *node)
-{
-  /* XXXX MOVE */
-  if (!lst) return 0;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const char *, name, {
-    if (node_nickname_matches(node, name))
-      return 1;
-  });
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff r1 and r2 are in the same family, but not the same
- * router. */
-int
-nodes_in_same_family(const node_t *node1, const node_t *node2)
-{
-  /* XXXX MOVE */
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-
-  /* Are they in the same family because of their addresses? */
-  if (options->EnforceDistinctSubnets) {
-    tor_addr_t a1, a2;
-    node_get_addr(node1, &a1);
-    node_get_addr(node2, &a2);
-    if (addrs_in_same_network_family(&a1, &a2))
-      return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Are they in the same family because the agree they are? */
-  {
-    const smartlist_t *f1, *f2;
-    f1 = node_get_declared_family(node1);
-    f2 = node_get_declared_family(node2);
-    if (f1 && f2 &&
-        node_in_nickname_smartlist(f1, node2) &&
-        node_in_nickname_smartlist(f2, node1))
-      return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Are they in the same option because the user says they are? */
-  if (options->NodeFamilySets) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->NodeFamilySets, const routerset_t *, rs, {
-        if (routerset_contains_node(rs, node1) &&
-            routerset_contains_node(rs, node2))
-          return 1;
-      });
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 iff any member of the (possibly NULL) comma-separated list
- * <b>list</b> is an acceptable nickname or hexdigest for <b>router</b>.  Else
- * return 0.
- */
-int
-router_nickname_is_in_list(const routerinfo_t *router, const char *list)
-{
-  smartlist_t *nickname_list;
-  int v = 0;
-
-  if (!list)
-    return 0; /* definitely not */
-  tor_assert(router);
-
-  nickname_list = smartlist_new();
-  smartlist_split_string(nickname_list, list, ",",
-    SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_STRIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, const char *, cp,
-                    if (router_nickname_matches(router, cp)) {v=1;break;});
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nickname_list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(nickname_list);
-  return v;
-}
-
 /** Add every suitable node from our nodelist to <b>sl</b>, so that
  * we can pick a node for a circuit.
  */
@@ -1606,56 +1848,6 @@ routerlist_find_my_routerinfo(void)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** Find a router that's up, that has this IP address, and
- * that allows exit to this address:port, or return NULL if there
- * isn't a good one.
- * Don't exit enclave to excluded relays -- it wouldn't actually
- * hurt anything, but this way there are fewer confused users.
- */
-const node_t *
-router_find_exact_exit_enclave(const char *address, uint16_t port)
-{/*XXXX MOVE*/
-  uint32_t addr;
-  struct in_addr in;
-  tor_addr_t a;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-
-  if (!tor_inet_aton(address, &in))
-    return NULL; /* it's not an IP already */
-  addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
-
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&a, addr);
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodelist_get_list(), const node_t *, node, {
-    if (node_get_addr_ipv4h(node) == addr &&
-        node->is_running &&
-        compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(&a, port, node) ==
-          ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPTED &&
-        !routerset_contains_node(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion, node))
-      return node;
-  });
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-/** Return 1 if <b>router</b> is not suitable for these parameters, else 0.
- * If <b>need_uptime</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum uptime.
- * If <b>need_capacity</b> is non-zero, we require a minimum advertised
- * bandwidth.
- * If <b>need_guard</b>, we require that the router is a possible entry guard.
- */
-int
-node_is_unreliable(const node_t *node, int need_uptime,
-                   int need_capacity, int need_guard)
-{
-  if (need_uptime && !node->is_stable)
-    return 1;
-  if (need_capacity && !node->is_fast)
-    return 1;
-  if (need_guard && !node->is_possible_guard)
-    return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /** Return the smaller of the router's configured BandwidthRate
  * and its advertised capacity. */
 uint32_t
@@ -1683,6 +1875,92 @@ router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(const routerinfo_t *router)
   return result;
 }
 
+/** Given an array of double/uint64_t unions that are currently being used as
+ * doubles, convert them to uint64_t, and try to scale them linearly so as to
+ * much of the range of uint64_t. If <b>total_out</b> is provided, set it to
+ * the sum of all elements in the array _before_ scaling. */
+/* private */ void
+scale_array_elements_to_u64(u64_dbl_t *entries, int n_entries,
+                            uint64_t *total_out)
+{
+  double total = 0.0;
+  double scale_factor;
+  int i;
+  /* big, but far away from overflowing an int64_t */
+#define SCALE_TO_U64_MAX (INT64_MAX / 4)
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_entries; ++i)
+    total += entries[i].dbl;
+
+  scale_factor = SCALE_TO_U64_MAX / total;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_entries; ++i)
+    entries[i].u64 = tor_llround(entries[i].dbl * scale_factor);
+
+  if (total_out)
+    *total_out = (uint64_t) total;
+
+#undef SCALE_TO_U64_MAX
+}
+
+/** Time-invariant 64-bit greater-than; works on two integers in the range
+ * (0,INT64_MAX). */
+#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
+#define gt_i64_timei(a,b) ((a) > (b))
+#else
+static INLINE int
+gt_i64_timei(uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
+{
+  int64_t diff = (int64_t) (b - a);
+  int res = diff >> 63;
+  return res & 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Pick a random element of <b>n_entries</b>-element array <b>entries</b>,
+ * choosing each element with a probability proportional to its (uint64_t)
+ * value, and return the index of that element.  If all elements are 0, choose
+ * an index at random. Return -1 on error.
+ */
+/* private */ int
+choose_array_element_by_weight(const u64_dbl_t *entries, int n_entries)
+{
+  int i, i_chosen=-1, n_chosen=0;
+  uint64_t total_so_far = 0;
+  uint64_t rand_val;
+  uint64_t total = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_entries; ++i)
+    total += entries[i].u64;
+
+  if (n_entries < 1)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (total == 0)
+    return crypto_rand_int(n_entries);
+
+  tor_assert(total < INT64_MAX);
+
+  rand_val = crypto_rand_uint64(total);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_entries; ++i) {
+    total_so_far += entries[i].u64;
+    if (gt_i64_timei(total_so_far, rand_val)) {
+      i_chosen = i;
+      n_chosen++;
+      /* Set rand_val to INT64_MAX rather than stopping the loop. This way,
+       * the time we spend in the loop does not leak which element we chose. */
+      rand_val = INT64_MAX;
+    }
+  }
+  tor_assert(total_so_far == total);
+  tor_assert(n_chosen == 1);
+  tor_assert(i_chosen >= 0);
+  tor_assert(i_chosen < n_entries);
+
+  return i_chosen;
+}
+
 /** When weighting bridges, enforce these values as lower and upper
  * bound for believable bandwidth, because there is no way for us
  * to verify a bridge's bandwidth currently. */
@@ -1729,20 +2007,40 @@ kb_to_bytes(uint32_t bw)
  * guards proportionally less.
  */
 static const node_t *
-smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
+smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(const smartlist_t *sl,
                                            bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule)
 {
+  u64_dbl_t *bandwidths=NULL;
+
+  if (compute_weighted_bandwidths(sl, rule, &bandwidths) < 0)
+    return NULL;
+
+  scale_array_elements_to_u64(bandwidths, smartlist_len(sl),
+                              &sl_last_total_weighted_bw);
+
+  {
+    int idx = choose_array_element_by_weight(bandwidths,
+                                             smartlist_len(sl));
+    tor_free(bandwidths);
+    return idx < 0 ? NULL : smartlist_get(sl, idx);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Given a list of routers and a weighting rule as in
+ * smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights, compute weighted bandwidth
+ * values for each node and store them in a freshly allocated
+ * *<b>bandwidths_out</b> of the same length as <b>sl</b>, and holding results
+ * as doubles. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+static int
+compute_weighted_bandwidths(const smartlist_t *sl,
+                            bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule,
+                            u64_dbl_t **bandwidths_out)
+{
   int64_t weight_scale;
-  int64_t rand_bw;
   double Wg = -1, Wm = -1, We = -1, Wd = -1;
   double Wgb = -1, Wmb = -1, Web = -1, Wdb = -1;
-  double weighted_bw = 0, unweighted_bw = 0;
-  double *bandwidths;
-  double tmp = 0;
-  unsigned int i;
-  unsigned int i_chosen;
-  unsigned int i_has_been_chosen;
-  int have_unknown = 0; /* true iff sl contains element not in consensus. */
+  uint64_t weighted_bw = 0;
+  u64_dbl_t *bandwidths;
 
   /* Can't choose exit and guard at same time */
   tor_assert(rule == NO_WEIGHTING ||
@@ -1756,10 +2054,10 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
              "Empty routerlist passed in to consensus weight node "
              "selection for rule %s",
              bandwidth_weight_rule_to_string(rule));
-    return NULL;
+    return -1;
   }
 
-  weight_scale = circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(NULL);
+  weight_scale = networkstatus_get_weight_scale_param(NULL);
 
   if (rule == WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD) {
     Wg = networkstatus_get_bw_weight(NULL, "Wgg", -1);
@@ -1810,7 +2108,7 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
     log_debug(LD_CIRC,
               "Got negative bandwidth weights. Defaulting to old selection"
               " algorithm.");
-    return NULL; // Use old algorithm.
+    return -1; // Use old algorithm.
   }
 
   Wg /= weight_scale;
@@ -1823,7 +2121,7 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
   Web /= weight_scale;
   Wdb /= weight_scale;
 
-  bandwidths = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(double)*smartlist_len(sl));
+  bandwidths = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(u64_dbl_t)*smartlist_len(sl));
 
   // Cycle through smartlist and total the bandwidth.
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(sl, const node_t *, node) {
@@ -1840,13 +2138,12 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
         log_warn(LD_BUG,
                  "Consensus is not listing bandwidths. Defaulting back to "
                  "old router selection algorithm.");
-        return NULL;
+        return -1;
       }
-      this_bw = kb_to_bytes(node->rs->bandwidth);
+      this_bw = kb_to_bytes(node->rs->bandwidth_kb);
     } else if (node->ri) {
       /* bridge or other descriptor not in our consensus */
       this_bw = bridge_get_advertised_bandwidth_bounded(node->ri);
-      have_unknown = 1;
     } else {
       /* We can't use this one. */
       continue;
@@ -1862,72 +2159,65 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
     } else { // middle
       weight = (is_dir ? Wmb*Wm : Wm);
     }
-
-    bandwidths[node_sl_idx] = weight*this_bw;
-    weighted_bw += weight*this_bw;
-    unweighted_bw += this_bw;
+    /* These should be impossible; but overflows here would be bad, so let's
+     * make sure. */
+    if (this_bw < 0)
+      this_bw = 0;
+    if (weight < 0.0)
+      weight = 0.0;
+
+    bandwidths[node_sl_idx].dbl = weight*this_bw + 0.5;
     if (is_me)
-      sl_last_weighted_bw_of_me = weight*this_bw;
+      sl_last_weighted_bw_of_me = (uint64_t) bandwidths[node_sl_idx].dbl;
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
 
-  /* XXXX this is a kludge to expose these values. */
-  sl_last_total_weighted_bw = weighted_bw;
-
-  log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Choosing node for rule %s based on weights "
-            "Wg=%f Wm=%f We=%f Wd=%f with total bw %f",
+  log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Generated weighted bandwidths for rule %s based "
+            "on weights "
+            "Wg=%f Wm=%f We=%f Wd=%f with total bw "U64_FORMAT,
             bandwidth_weight_rule_to_string(rule),
-            Wg, Wm, We, Wd, weighted_bw);
-
-  /* If there is no bandwidth, choose at random */
-  if (DBL_TO_U64(weighted_bw) == 0) {
-    /* Don't warn when using bridges/relays not in the consensus */
-    if (!have_unknown) {
-#define ZERO_BANDWIDTH_WARNING_INTERVAL (15)
-      static ratelim_t zero_bandwidth_warning_limit =
-        RATELIM_INIT(ZERO_BANDWIDTH_WARNING_INTERVAL);
-      char *msg;
-      if ((msg = rate_limit_log(&zero_bandwidth_warning_limit,
-                                approx_time()))) {
-        log_warn(LD_CIRC,
-                 "Weighted bandwidth is %f in node selection for rule %s "
-                 "(unweighted was %f) %s",
-                 weighted_bw, bandwidth_weight_rule_to_string(rule),
-                 unweighted_bw, msg);
-      }
-    }
-    tor_free(bandwidths);
-    return smartlist_choose(sl);
-  }
+            Wg, Wm, We, Wd, U64_PRINTF_ARG(weighted_bw));
 
-  rand_bw = crypto_rand_uint64(DBL_TO_U64(weighted_bw));
-  rand_bw++; /* crypto_rand_uint64() counts from 0, and we need to count
-              * from 1 below. See bug 1203 for details. */
+  *bandwidths_out = bandwidths;
 
-  /* Last, count through sl until we get to the element we picked */
-  i_chosen = (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl);
-  i_has_been_chosen = 0;
-  tmp = 0.0;
-  for (i=0; i < (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl); i++) {
-    tmp += bandwidths[i];
-    if (tmp >= rand_bw && !i_has_been_chosen) {
-      i_chosen = i;
-      i_has_been_chosen = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  i = i_chosen;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** For all nodes in <b>sl</b>, return the fraction of those nodes, weighted
+ * by their weighted bandwidths with rule <b>rule</b>, for which we have
+ * descriptors. */
+double
+frac_nodes_with_descriptors(const smartlist_t *sl,
+                            bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule)
+{
+  u64_dbl_t *bandwidths = NULL;
+  double total, present;
+
+  if (smartlist_len(sl) == 0)
+    return 0.0;
 
-  if (i == (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl)) {
-    /* This was once possible due to round-off error, but shouldn't be able
-     * to occur any longer. */
-    tor_fragile_assert();
-    --i;
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Round-off error in computing bandwidth had an effect on "
-             " which router we chose. Please tell the developers. "
-             "%f " U64_FORMAT " %f", tmp, U64_PRINTF_ARG(rand_bw),
-             weighted_bw);
+  if (compute_weighted_bandwidths(sl, rule, &bandwidths) < 0) {
+    int n_with_descs = 0;
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, const node_t *, node, {
+      if (node_has_descriptor(node))
+        n_with_descs++;
+    });
+    return ((double)n_with_descs) / (double)smartlist_len(sl);
   }
+
+  total = present = 0.0;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(sl, const node_t *, node) {
+    const double bw = bandwidths[node_sl_idx].dbl;
+    total += bw;
+    if (node_has_descriptor(node))
+      present += bw;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
+
   tor_free(bandwidths);
-  return smartlist_get(sl, i);
+
+  if (total < 1.0)
+    return 0;
+
+  return present / total;
 }
 
 /** Helper function:
@@ -1944,21 +2234,20 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth_weights(smartlist_t *sl,
  * guards proportionally less.
  */
 static const node_t *
-smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
+smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(const smartlist_t *sl,
                                    bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule)
 {
   unsigned int i;
-  unsigned int i_chosen;
-  unsigned int i_has_been_chosen;
-  int32_t *bandwidths;
+  u64_dbl_t *bandwidths;
   int is_exit;
   int is_guard;
-  uint64_t total_nonexit_bw = 0, total_exit_bw = 0, total_bw = 0;
-  uint64_t total_nonguard_bw = 0, total_guard_bw = 0;
-  uint64_t rand_bw, tmp;
+  int is_fast;
+  double total_nonexit_bw = 0, total_exit_bw = 0;
+  double total_nonguard_bw = 0, total_guard_bw = 0;
   double exit_weight;
   double guard_weight;
   int n_unknown = 0;
+  bitarray_t *fast_bits;
   bitarray_t *exit_bits;
   bitarray_t *guard_bits;
   int me_idx = -1;
@@ -1982,10 +2271,9 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
   }
 
   /* First count the total bandwidth weight, and make a list
-   * of each value.  <0 means "unknown; no routerinfo."  We use the
-   * bits of negative values to remember whether the router was fast (-x)&1
-   * and whether it was an exit (-x)&2 or guard (-x)&4.  Yes, it's a hack. */
-  bandwidths = tor_malloc(sizeof(int32_t)*smartlist_len(sl));
+   * of each value.  We use UINT64_MAX to indicate "unknown". */
+  bandwidths = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(u64_dbl_t)*smartlist_len(sl));
+  fast_bits = bitarray_init_zero(smartlist_len(sl));
   exit_bits = bitarray_init_zero(smartlist_len(sl));
   guard_bits = bitarray_init_zero(smartlist_len(sl));
 
@@ -1993,7 +2281,6 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(sl, const node_t *, node) {
     /* first, learn what bandwidth we think i has */
     int is_known = 1;
-    int32_t flags = 0;
     uint32_t this_bw = 0;
     i = node_sl_idx;
 
@@ -2004,14 +2291,9 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
     is_guard = node->is_possible_guard;
     if (node->rs) {
       if (node->rs->has_bandwidth) {
-        this_bw = kb_to_bytes(node->rs->bandwidth);
+        this_bw = kb_to_bytes(node->rs->bandwidth_kb);
       } else { /* guess */
-        /* XXX024 once consensuses always list bandwidths, we can take
-         * this guessing business out. -RD */
         is_known = 0;
-        flags = node->rs->is_fast ? 1 : 0;
-        flags |= is_exit ? 2 : 0;
-        flags |= is_guard ? 4 : 0;
       }
     } else if (node->ri) {
       /* Must be a bridge if we're willing to use it */
@@ -2022,12 +2304,11 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
       bitarray_set(exit_bits, i);
     if (is_guard)
       bitarray_set(guard_bits, i);
+    if (node->is_fast)
+      bitarray_set(fast_bits, i);
+
     if (is_known) {
-      bandwidths[i] = (int32_t) this_bw;
-      /* Casting this_bw to int32_t is safe because both kb_to_bytes
-         and bridge_get_advertised_bandwidth_bounded limit it to below
-         INT32_MAX. */
-      tor_assert(bandwidths[i] >= 0);
+      bandwidths[i].dbl = this_bw;
       if (is_guard)
         total_guard_bw += this_bw;
       else
@@ -2038,14 +2319,16 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
         total_nonexit_bw += this_bw;
     } else {
       ++n_unknown;
-      bandwidths[node_sl_idx] = -flags;
+      bandwidths[i].dbl = -1.0;
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
 
+#define EPSILON .1
+
   /* Now, fill in the unknown values. */
   if (n_unknown) {
     int32_t avg_fast, avg_slow;
-    if (total_exit_bw+total_nonexit_bw) {
+    if (total_exit_bw+total_nonexit_bw < EPSILON) {
       /* if there's some bandwidth, there's at least one known router,
        * so no worries about div by 0 here */
       int n_known = smartlist_len(sl)-n_unknown;
@@ -2056,26 +2339,27 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
       avg_slow = 20000;
     }
     for (i=0; i<(unsigned)smartlist_len(sl); ++i) {
-      int32_t bw = bandwidths[i];
-      if (bw>=0)
+      if (bandwidths[i].dbl >= 0.0)
         continue;
-      is_exit = ((-bw)&2);
-      is_guard = ((-bw)&4);
-      bandwidths[i] = ((-bw)&1) ? avg_fast : avg_slow;
+      is_fast = bitarray_is_set(fast_bits, i);
+      is_exit = bitarray_is_set(exit_bits, i);
+      is_guard = bitarray_is_set(guard_bits, i);
+      bandwidths[i].dbl = is_fast ? avg_fast : avg_slow;
       if (is_exit)
-        total_exit_bw += bandwidths[i];
+        total_exit_bw += bandwidths[i].dbl;
       else
-        total_nonexit_bw += bandwidths[i];
+        total_nonexit_bw += bandwidths[i].dbl;
       if (is_guard)
-        total_guard_bw += bandwidths[i];
+        total_guard_bw += bandwidths[i].dbl;
       else
-        total_nonguard_bw += bandwidths[i];
+        total_nonguard_bw += bandwidths[i].dbl;
     }
   }
 
   /* If there's no bandwidth at all, pick at random. */
-  if (!(total_exit_bw+total_nonexit_bw)) {
+  if (total_exit_bw+total_nonexit_bw < EPSILON) {
     tor_free(bandwidths);
+    tor_free(fast_bits);
     tor_free(exit_bits);
     tor_free(guard_bits);
     return smartlist_choose(sl);
@@ -2090,12 +2374,12 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
      * For detailed derivation of this formula, see
      *   http://archives.seul.org/or/dev/Jul-2007/msg00056.html
      */
-    if (rule == WEIGHT_FOR_EXIT || !total_exit_bw)
+    if (rule == WEIGHT_FOR_EXIT || total_exit_bw<EPSILON)
       exit_weight = 1.0;
     else
       exit_weight = 1.0 - all_bw/(3.0*exit_bw);
 
-    if (rule == WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD || !total_guard_bw)
+    if (rule == WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD || total_guard_bw<EPSILON)
       guard_weight = 1.0;
     else
       guard_weight = 1.0 - all_bw/(3.0*guard_bw);
@@ -2106,29 +2390,25 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
     if (guard_weight <= 0.0)
       guard_weight = 0.0;
 
-    total_bw = 0;
     sl_last_weighted_bw_of_me = 0;
     for (i=0; i < (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl); i++) {
-      uint64_t bw;
+      tor_assert(bandwidths[i].dbl >= 0.0);
+
       is_exit = bitarray_is_set(exit_bits, i);
       is_guard = bitarray_is_set(guard_bits, i);
       if (is_exit && is_guard)
-        bw = ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * exit_weight * guard_weight));
+        bandwidths[i].dbl *= exit_weight * guard_weight;
       else if (is_guard)
-        bw = ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * guard_weight));
+        bandwidths[i].dbl *= guard_weight;
       else if (is_exit)
-        bw = ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * exit_weight));
-      else
-        bw = bandwidths[i];
-      total_bw += bw;
+        bandwidths[i].dbl *= exit_weight;
+
       if (i == (unsigned) me_idx)
-        sl_last_weighted_bw_of_me = bw;
+        sl_last_weighted_bw_of_me = (uint64_t) bandwidths[i].dbl;
     }
   }
 
-  /* XXXX this is a kludge to expose these values. */
-  sl_last_total_weighted_bw = total_bw;
-
+#if 0
   log_debug(LD_CIRC, "Total weighted bw = "U64_FORMAT
             ", exit bw = "U64_FORMAT
             ", nonexit bw = "U64_FORMAT", exit weight = %f "
@@ -2141,56 +2421,26 @@ smartlist_choose_node_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
             exit_weight, (int)(rule == WEIGHT_FOR_EXIT),
             U64_PRINTF_ARG(total_guard_bw), U64_PRINTF_ARG(total_nonguard_bw),
             guard_weight, (int)(rule == WEIGHT_FOR_GUARD));
+#endif
 
-  /* Almost done: choose a random value from the bandwidth weights. */
-  rand_bw = crypto_rand_uint64(total_bw);
-  rand_bw++; /* crypto_rand_uint64() counts from 0, and we need to count
-              * from 1 below. See bug 1203 for details. */
-
-  /* Last, count through sl until we get to the element we picked */
-  tmp = 0;
-  i_chosen = (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl);
-  i_has_been_chosen = 0;
-  for (i=0; i < (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl); i++) {
-    is_exit = bitarray_is_set(exit_bits, i);
-    is_guard = bitarray_is_set(guard_bits, i);
-
-    /* Weights can be 0 if not counting guards/exits */
-    if (is_exit && is_guard)
-      tmp += ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * exit_weight * guard_weight));
-    else if (is_guard)
-      tmp += ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * guard_weight));
-    else if (is_exit)
-      tmp += ((uint64_t)(bandwidths[i] * exit_weight));
-    else
-      tmp += bandwidths[i];
+  scale_array_elements_to_u64(bandwidths, smartlist_len(sl),
+                              &sl_last_total_weighted_bw);
 
-    if (tmp >= rand_bw && !i_has_been_chosen) {
-      i_chosen = i;
-      i_has_been_chosen = 1;
-    }
-  }
-  i = i_chosen;
-  if (i == (unsigned)smartlist_len(sl)) {
-    /* This was once possible due to round-off error, but shouldn't be able
-     * to occur any longer. */
-    tor_fragile_assert();
-    --i;
-    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Round-off error in computing bandwidth had an effect on "
-             " which router we chose. Please tell the developers. "
-             U64_FORMAT " " U64_FORMAT " " U64_FORMAT, U64_PRINTF_ARG(tmp),
-             U64_PRINTF_ARG(rand_bw), U64_PRINTF_ARG(total_bw));
+  {
+    int idx = choose_array_element_by_weight(bandwidths,
+                                             smartlist_len(sl));
+    tor_free(bandwidths);
+    tor_free(fast_bits);
+    tor_free(exit_bits);
+    tor_free(guard_bits);
+    return idx < 0 ? NULL : smartlist_get(sl, idx);
   }
-  tor_free(bandwidths);
-  tor_free(exit_bits);
-  tor_free(guard_bits);
-  return smartlist_get(sl, i);
 }
 
 /** Choose a random element of status list <b>sl</b>, weighted by
  * the advertised bandwidth of each node */
 const node_t *
-node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
+node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(const smartlist_t *sl,
                             bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule)
 { /*XXXX MOVE */
   const node_t *ret;
@@ -2337,7 +2587,7 @@ hex_digest_nickname_decode(const char *hexdigest,
  * combination of a router, encoded in hexadecimal, matches <b>hexdigest</b>
  * (which is optionally prefixed with a single dollar sign).  Return false if
  * <b>hexdigest</b> is malformed, or it doesn't match.  */
-static int
+int
 hex_digest_nickname_matches(const char *hexdigest, const char *identity_digest,
                             const char *nickname, int is_named)
 {
@@ -2372,154 +2622,6 @@ router_is_named(const routerinfo_t *router)
           tor_memeq(digest, router->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
 }
 
-/** Return true iff the digest of <b>router</b>'s identity key,
- * encoded in hexadecimal, matches <b>hexdigest</b> (which is
- * optionally prefixed with a single dollar sign).  Return false if
- * <b>hexdigest</b> is malformed, or it doesn't match.  */
-static INLINE int
-router_hex_digest_matches(const routerinfo_t *router, const char *hexdigest)
-{
-  return hex_digest_nickname_matches(hexdigest,
-                                     router->cache_info.identity_digest,
-                                     router->nickname,
-                                     router_is_named(router));
-}
-
-/** Return true if <b>router</b>'s nickname matches <b>nickname</b>
- * (case-insensitive), or if <b>router's</b> identity key digest
- * matches a hexadecimal value stored in <b>nickname</b>.  Return
- * false otherwise. */
-static int
-router_nickname_matches(const routerinfo_t *router, const char *nickname)
-{
-  if (nickname[0]!='$' && !strcasecmp(router->nickname, nickname))
-    return 1;
-  return router_hex_digest_matches(router, nickname);
-}
-
-/** Return true if <b>node</b>'s nickname matches <b>nickname</b>
- * (case-insensitive), or if <b>node's</b> identity key digest
- * matches a hexadecimal value stored in <b>nickname</b>.  Return
- * false otherwise. */
-static int
-node_nickname_matches(const node_t *node, const char *nickname)
-{
-  const char *n = node_get_nickname(node);
-  if (n && nickname[0]!='$' && !strcasecmp(n, nickname))
-    return 1;
-  return hex_digest_nickname_matches(nickname,
-                                     node->identity,
-                                     n,
-                                     node_is_named(node));
-}
-
-/** Return the router in our routerlist whose (case-insensitive)
- * nickname or (case-sensitive) hexadecimal key digest is
- * <b>nickname</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known.
- */
-const routerinfo_t *
-router_get_by_nickname(const char *nickname, int warn_if_unnamed)
-{
-#if 1
-  const node_t *node = node_get_by_nickname(nickname, warn_if_unnamed);
-  if (node)
-    return node->ri;
-  else
-    return NULL;
-#else
-  int maybedigest;
-  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-  routerinfo_t *best_match=NULL;
-  int n_matches = 0;
-  const char *named_digest = NULL;
-
-  tor_assert(nickname);
-  if (!routerlist)
-    return NULL;
-  if (nickname[0] == '$')
-    return router_get_by_hexdigest(nickname);
-  if (!strcasecmp(nickname, UNNAMED_ROUTER_NICKNAME))
-    return NULL;
-
-  maybedigest = (strlen(nickname) >= HEX_DIGEST_LEN) &&
-    (base16_decode(digest,DIGEST_LEN,nickname,HEX_DIGEST_LEN) == 0);
-
-  if ((named_digest = networkstatus_get_router_digest_by_nickname(nickname))) {
-    return rimap_get(routerlist->identity_map, named_digest);
-  }
-  if (networkstatus_nickname_is_unnamed(nickname))
-    return NULL;
-
-  /* If we reach this point, there's no canonical value for the nickname. */
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
-  {
-    if (!strcasecmp(router->nickname, nickname)) {
-      ++n_matches;
-      if (n_matches <= 1 || router->is_running)
-        best_match = router;
-    } else if (maybedigest &&
-               tor_memeq(digest, router->cache_info.identity_digest,
-                         DIGEST_LEN)) {
-      if (router_hex_digest_matches(router, nickname))
-        return router;
-      /* If we reach this point, we have a ID=name syntax that matches the
-       * identity but not the name. That isn't an acceptable match. */
-    }
-  });
-
-  if (best_match) {
-    if (warn_if_unnamed && n_matches > 1) {
-      smartlist_t *fps = smartlist_new();
-      int any_unwarned = 0;
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router) {
-          routerstatus_t *rs;
-          char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-          if (strcasecmp(router->nickname, nickname))
-            continue;
-          rs = router_get_mutable_consensus_status_by_id(
-                                          router->cache_info.identity_digest);
-          if (rs && !rs->name_lookup_warned) {
-            rs->name_lookup_warned = 1;
-            any_unwarned = 1;
-          }
-          base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp),
-                        router->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-          smartlist_add_asprintf(fps, "\"$%s\" for the one at %s:%d",
-                       fp, router->address, router->or_port);
-      } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router);
-      if (any_unwarned) {
-        char *alternatives = smartlist_join_strings(fps, "; ",0,NULL);
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-                 "There are multiple matches for the nickname \"%s\","
-                 " but none is listed as named by the directory authorities. "
-                 "Choosing one arbitrarily. If you meant one in particular, "
-                 "you should say %s.", nickname, alternatives);
-        tor_free(alternatives);
-      }
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fps, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-      smartlist_free(fps);
-    } else if (warn_if_unnamed) {
-      routerstatus_t *rs = router_get_mutable_consensus_status_by_id(
-          best_match->cache_info.identity_digest);
-      if (rs && !rs->name_lookup_warned) {
-        char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
-        base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp),
-                      best_match->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "You specified a server \"%s\" by name, but this "
-             "name is not registered, so it could be used by any server, "
-             "not just the one you meant. "
-             "To make sure you get the same server in the future, refer to "
-             "it by key, as \"$%s\".", nickname, fp);
-        rs->name_lookup_warned = 1;
-      }
-    }
-    return best_match;
-  }
-  return NULL;
-#endif
-}
-
 /** Return true iff <b>digest</b> is the digest of the identity key of a
  * trusted directory matching at least one bit of <b>type</b>.  If <b>type</b>
  * is zero, any authority is okay. */
@@ -2530,7 +2632,7 @@ router_digest_is_trusted_dir_type(const char *digest, dirinfo_type_t type)
     return 0;
   if (authdir_mode(get_options()) && router_digest_is_me(digest))
     return 1;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ent,
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ent,
     if (tor_memeq(digest, ent->digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
       return (!type) || ((type & ent->type) != 0);
     });
@@ -2544,7 +2646,7 @@ router_addr_is_trusted_dir(uint32_t addr)
 {
   if (!trusted_dir_servers)
     return 0;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ent,
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ent,
     if (ent->addr == addr)
       return 1;
     );
@@ -2566,18 +2668,6 @@ hexdigest_to_digest(const char *hexdigest, char *digest)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Return the router in our routerlist whose hexadecimal key digest
- * is <b>hexdigest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known. */
-const routerinfo_t *
-router_get_by_hexdigest(const char *hexdigest)
-{
-  if (is_legal_nickname(hexdigest))
-    return NULL;
-
-  /* It's not a legal nickname, so it must be a hexdigest or nothing. */
-  return router_get_by_nickname(hexdigest, 1);
-}
-
 /** As router_get_by_id_digest,but return a pointer that you're allowed to
  * modify */
 routerinfo_t *
@@ -2752,6 +2842,7 @@ routerinfo_free(routerinfo_t *router)
   tor_free(router->contact_info);
   if (router->onion_pkey)
     crypto_pk_free(router->onion_pkey);
+  tor_free(router->onion_curve25519_pkey);
   if (router->identity_pkey)
     crypto_pk_free(router->identity_pkey);
   if (router->declared_family) {
@@ -2759,6 +2850,7 @@ routerinfo_free(routerinfo_t *router)
     smartlist_free(router->declared_family);
   }
   addr_policy_list_free(router->exit_policy);
+  short_policy_free(router->ipv6_exit_policy);
 
   memset(router, 77, sizeof(routerinfo_t));
 
@@ -2809,7 +2901,7 @@ signed_descriptor_from_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri)
 
 /** Helper: free the storage held by the extrainfo_t in <b>e</b>. */
 static void
-_extrainfo_free(void *e)
+extrainfo_free_(void *e)
 {
   extrainfo_free(e);
 }
@@ -2823,7 +2915,7 @@ routerlist_free(routerlist_t *rl)
   rimap_free(rl->identity_map, NULL);
   sdmap_free(rl->desc_digest_map, NULL);
   sdmap_free(rl->desc_by_eid_map, NULL);
-  eimap_free(rl->extra_info_map, _extrainfo_free);
+  eimap_free(rl->extra_info_map, extrainfo_free_);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
                     routerinfo_free(r));
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
@@ -2853,7 +2945,7 @@ dump_routerlist_mem_usage(int severity)
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
                     olddescs += sd->signed_descriptor_len);
 
-  log(severity, LD_DIR,
+  tor_log(severity, LD_DIR,
       "In %d live descriptors: "U64_FORMAT" bytes.  "
       "In %d old descriptors: "U64_FORMAT" bytes.",
       smartlist_len(routerlist->routers), U64_PRINTF_ARG(livedescs),
@@ -2865,7 +2957,7 @@ dump_routerlist_mem_usage(int severity)
  * <b>ri</b>.  Return the index of <b>ri</b> in <b>sl</b>, or -1 if <b>ri</b>
  * is not in <b>sl</b>. */
 static INLINE int
-_routerlist_find_elt(smartlist_t *sl, void *ri, int idx)
+routerlist_find_elt_(smartlist_t *sl, void *ri, int idx)
 {
   if (idx < 0) {
     idx = -1;
@@ -2921,7 +3013,7 @@ routerlist_insert(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri)
               &ri->cache_info);
   smartlist_add(rl->routers, ri);
   ri->cache_info.routerlist_index = smartlist_len(rl->routers) - 1;
-  nodelist_add_routerinfo(ri);
+  nodelist_set_routerinfo(ri, NULL);
   router_dir_info_changed();
 #ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
   routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
@@ -3150,8 +3242,11 @@ routerlist_replace(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri_old,
   tor_assert(0 <= idx && idx < smartlist_len(rl->routers));
   tor_assert(smartlist_get(rl->routers, idx) == ri_old);
 
-  nodelist_remove_routerinfo(ri_old);
-  nodelist_add_routerinfo(ri_new);
+  {
+    routerinfo_t *ri_old_tmp=NULL;
+    nodelist_set_routerinfo(ri_new, &ri_old_tmp);
+    tor_assert(ri_old == ri_old_tmp);
+  }
 
   router_dir_info_changed();
   if (idx >= 0) {
@@ -3159,7 +3254,7 @@ routerlist_replace(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri_old,
     ri_old->cache_info.routerlist_index = -1;
     ri_new->cache_info.routerlist_index = idx;
     /* Check that ri_old is not in rl->routers anymore: */
-    tor_assert( _routerlist_find_elt(rl->routers, ri_old, -1) == -1 );
+    tor_assert( routerlist_find_elt_(rl->routers, ri_old, -1) == -1 );
   } else {
     log_warn(LD_BUG, "Appending entry from routerlist_replace.");
     routerlist_insert(rl, ri_new);
@@ -3263,20 +3358,12 @@ routerlist_free_all(void)
     smartlist_free(warned_nicknames);
     warned_nicknames = NULL;
   }
-  if (trusted_dir_servers) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ds,
-                      trusted_dir_server_free(ds));
-    smartlist_free(trusted_dir_servers);
-    trusted_dir_servers = NULL;
-  }
+  clear_dir_servers();
+  smartlist_free(trusted_dir_servers);
+  smartlist_free(fallback_dir_servers);
+  trusted_dir_servers = fallback_dir_servers = NULL;
   if (trusted_dir_certs) {
-    DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(trusted_dir_certs, key, cert_list_t *, cl) {
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(cl->certs, authority_cert_t *, cert,
-                        authority_cert_free(cert));
-      smartlist_free(cl->certs);
-      tor_free(cl);
-    } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
-    digestmap_free(trusted_dir_certs, NULL);
+    digestmap_free(trusted_dir_certs, cert_list_free_);
     trusted_dir_certs = NULL;
   }
 }
@@ -3294,33 +3381,6 @@ routerlist_reset_warnings(void)
   networkstatus_reset_warnings();
 }
 
-/** Mark the router with ID <b>digest</b> as running or non-running
- * in our routerlist. */
-void
-router_set_status(const char *digest, int up)
-{
-  node_t *node;
-  tor_assert(digest);
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, d,
-                    if (tor_memeq(d->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN))
-                      d->is_running = up);
-
-  node = node_get_mutable_by_id(digest);
-  if (node) {
-#if 0
-    log_debug(LD_DIR,"Marking router %s as %s.",
-              node_describe(node), up ? "up" : "down");
-#endif
-    if (!up && node_is_me(node) && !net_is_disabled())
-      log_warn(LD_NET, "We just marked ourself as down. Are your external "
-               "addresses reachable?");
-    node->is_running = up;
-  }
-
-  router_dir_info_changed();
-}
-
 /** Add <b>router</b> to the routerlist, if we don't already have it.  Replace
  * older entries (if any) with the same key.  Note: Callers should not hold
  * their pointers to <b>router</b> if this function fails; <b>router</b>
@@ -3488,11 +3548,6 @@ router_add_to_routerlist(routerinfo_t *router, const char **msg,
       /* Same key, and either new, or listed in the consensus. */
       log_debug(LD_DIR, "Replacing entry for router %s",
                 router_describe(router));
-      if (routers_have_same_or_addr(router, old_router)) {
-        /* these carry over when the address and orport are unchanged. */
-        router->last_reachable = old_router->last_reachable;
-        router->testing_since = old_router->testing_since;
-      }
       routerlist_replace(routerlist, old_router, router);
       if (!from_cache) {
         signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
@@ -3553,7 +3608,7 @@ router_add_extrainfo_to_routerlist(extrainfo_t *ei, const char **msg,
  * signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>a</b> has an identity digest preceding, equal
  * to, or later than that of *<b>b</b>. */
 static int
-_compare_old_routers_by_identity(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_old_routers_by_identity_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   int i;
   const signed_descriptor_t *r1 = *_a, *r2 = *_b;
@@ -3573,7 +3628,7 @@ struct duration_idx_t {
 
 /** Sorting helper: compare two duration_idx_t by their duration. */
 static int
-_compare_duration_idx(const void *_d1, const void *_d2)
+compare_duration_idx_(const void *_d1, const void *_d2)
 {
   const struct duration_idx_t *d1 = _d1;
   const struct duration_idx_t *d2 = _d2;
@@ -3626,7 +3681,7 @@ routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(time_t now,
     signed_descriptor_t *r_next;
     lifespans[i-lo].idx = i;
     if (r->last_listed_as_valid_until >= now ||
-        (retain && digestset_isin(retain, r->signed_descriptor_digest))) {
+        (retain && digestset_contains(retain, r->signed_descriptor_digest))) {
       must_keep[i-lo] = 1;
     }
     if (i < hi) {
@@ -3650,7 +3705,7 @@ routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(time_t now,
      * the duration of liveness, and remove the ones we're not already going to
      * remove based on how long they were alive.
      **/
-    qsort(lifespans, n, sizeof(struct duration_idx_t), _compare_duration_idx);
+    qsort(lifespans, n, sizeof(struct duration_idx_t), compare_duration_idx_);
     for (i = 0; i < n && n_rmv < n_extra; ++i) {
       if (!must_keep[lifespans[i].idx-lo] && !lifespans[i].old) {
         rmv[lifespans[i].idx-lo] = 1;
@@ -3760,7 +3815,7 @@ routerlist_remove_old_routers(void)
       router = smartlist_get(routerlist->routers, i);
       if (router->cache_info.published_on <= cutoff &&
           router->cache_info.last_listed_as_valid_until < now &&
-          !digestset_isin(retain,
+          !digestset_contains(retain,
                           router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest)) {
         /* Too old: remove it.  (If we're a cache, just move it into
          * old_routers.) */
@@ -3781,7 +3836,7 @@ routerlist_remove_old_routers(void)
     sd = smartlist_get(routerlist->old_routers, i);
     if (sd->published_on <= cutoff &&
         sd->last_listed_as_valid_until < now &&
-        !digestset_isin(retain, sd->signed_descriptor_digest)) {
+        !digestset_contains(retain, sd->signed_descriptor_digest)) {
       /* Too old.  Remove it. */
       routerlist_remove_old(routerlist, sd, i--);
     }
@@ -3804,7 +3859,7 @@ routerlist_remove_old_routers(void)
     goto done;
 
   /* Sort by identity, then fix indices. */
-  smartlist_sort(routerlist->old_routers, _compare_old_routers_by_identity);
+  smartlist_sort(routerlist->old_routers, compare_old_routers_by_identity_);
   /* Fix indices. */
   for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers); ++i) {
     signed_descriptor_t *r = smartlist_get(routerlist->old_routers, i);
@@ -3960,7 +4015,7 @@ router_load_routers_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
                       ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest :
                       ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
                     DIGEST_LEN);
-      if (smartlist_string_isin(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
+      if (smartlist_contains_string(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
         smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
       } else {
         char *requested =
@@ -4099,27 +4154,6 @@ routerlist_retry_directory_downloads(time_t now)
   update_all_descriptor_downloads(now);
 }
 
-/** Return 1 if all running sufficiently-stable routers we can use will reject
- * addr:port, return 0 if any might accept it. */
-int
-router_exit_policy_all_nodes_reject(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                    int need_uptime)
-{ /* XXXX MOVE */
-  addr_policy_result_t r;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), const node_t *, node) {
-    if (node->is_running &&
-        !node_is_unreliable(node, need_uptime, 0, 0)) {
-
-      r = compare_tor_addr_to_node_policy(addr, port, node);
-
-      if (r != ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED && r != ADDR_POLICY_PROBABLY_REJECTED)
-        return 0; /* this one could be ok. good enough. */
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
-  return 1; /* all will reject. */
-}
-
 /** Return true iff <b>router</b> does not permit exit streams.
  */
 int
@@ -4128,47 +4162,47 @@ router_exit_policy_rejects_all(const routerinfo_t *router)
   return router->policy_is_reject_star;
 }
 
-/** Add to the list of authoritative directory servers one at
- * <b>address</b>:<b>port</b>, with identity key <b>digest</b>.  If
- * <b>address</b> is NULL, add ourself.  Return the new trusted directory
- * server entry on success or NULL if we couldn't add it. */
-trusted_dir_server_t *
-add_trusted_dir_server(const char *nickname, const char *address,
-                       uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
-                       const char *digest, const char *v3_auth_digest,
-                       dirinfo_type_t type)
-{
-  trusted_dir_server_t *ent;
+/** Create an directory server at <b>address</b>:<b>port</b>, with OR identity
+ * key <b>digest</b>.  If <b>address</b> is NULL, add ourself.  If
+ * <b>is_authority</b>, this is a directory authority.  Return the new
+ * directory server entry on success or NULL on failure. */
+static dir_server_t *
+dir_server_new(int is_authority,
+               const char *nickname,
+               const tor_addr_t *addr,
+               const char *hostname,
+               uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
+               const char *digest, const char *v3_auth_digest,
+               dirinfo_type_t type,
+               double weight)
+{
+  dir_server_t *ent;
   uint32_t a;
-  char *hostname = NULL;
-  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
-    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
+  char *hostname_ = NULL;
 
-  if (!address) { /* The address is us; we should guess. */
-    if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, get_options(), &a, &hostname) < 0) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-               "Couldn't find a suitable address when adding ourself as a "
-               "trusted directory server.");
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (tor_lookup_hostname(address, &a)) {
-      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
-               "Unable to lookup address for directory server at '%s'",
-               address);
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    hostname = tor_strdup(address);
-  }
+  if (weight < 0)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (tor_addr_family(addr) == AF_INET)
+    a = tor_addr_to_ipv4h(addr);
+  else
+    return NULL; /*XXXX Support IPv6 */
+
+  if (!hostname)
+    hostname_ = tor_dup_addr(addr);
+  else
+    hostname_ = tor_strdup(hostname);
 
-  ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(trusted_dir_server_t));
+  ent = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(dir_server_t));
   ent->nickname = nickname ? tor_strdup(nickname) : NULL;
-  ent->address = hostname;
+  ent->address = hostname_;
   ent->addr = a;
   ent->dir_port = dir_port;
   ent->or_port = or_port;
   ent->is_running = 1;
+  ent->is_authority = is_authority;
   ent->type = type;
+  ent->weight = weight;
   memcpy(ent->digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
   if (v3_auth_digest && (type & V3_DIRINFO))
     memcpy(ent->v3_identity_digest, v3_auth_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
@@ -4190,14 +4224,78 @@ add_trusted_dir_server(const char *nickname, const char *address,
   ent->fake_status.dir_port = ent->dir_port;
   ent->fake_status.or_port = ent->or_port;
 
-  if (ent->or_port)
-    ent->fake_status.version_supports_begindir = 1;
+  return ent;
+}
+
+/** Create an authoritative directory server at
+ * <b>address</b>:<b>port</b>, with identity key <b>digest</b>.  If
+ * <b>address</b> is NULL, add ourself.  Return the new trusted directory
+ * server entry on success or NULL if we couldn't add it. */
+dir_server_t *
+trusted_dir_server_new(const char *nickname, const char *address,
+                       uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
+                       const char *digest, const char *v3_auth_digest,
+                       dirinfo_type_t type, double weight)
+{
+  uint32_t a;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  char *hostname=NULL;
+  dir_server_t *result;
+
+  if (!address) { /* The address is us; we should guess. */
+    if (resolve_my_address(LOG_WARN, get_options(),
+                           &a, NULL, &hostname) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+               "Couldn't find a suitable address when adding ourself as a "
+               "trusted directory server.");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!hostname)
+      hostname = tor_dup_ip(a);
+  } else {
+    if (tor_lookup_hostname(address, &a)) {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG,
+               "Unable to lookup address for directory server at '%s'",
+               address);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    hostname = tor_strdup(address);
+  }
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, a);
+
+  result = dir_server_new(1, nickname, &addr, hostname,
+                          dir_port, or_port, digest,
+                          v3_auth_digest, type, weight);
+  tor_free(hostname);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Return a new dir_server_t for a fallback directory server at
+ * <b>addr</b>:<b>or_port</b>/<b>dir_port</b>, with identity key digest
+ * <b>id_digest</b> */
+dir_server_t *
+fallback_dir_server_new(const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                        uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
+                        const char *id_digest, double weight)
+{
+  return dir_server_new(0, NULL, addr, NULL, dir_port, or_port, id_digest,
+                        NULL, ALL_DIRINFO, weight);
+}
+
+/** Add a directory server to the global list(s). */
+void
+dir_server_add(dir_server_t *ent)
+{
+  if (!trusted_dir_servers)
+    trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
+  if (!fallback_dir_servers)
+    fallback_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
 
-  ent->fake_status.version_supports_conditional_consensus = 1;
+  if (ent->is_authority)
+    smartlist_add(trusted_dir_servers, ent);
 
-  smartlist_add(trusted_dir_servers, ent);
+  smartlist_add(fallback_dir_servers, ent);
   router_dir_info_changed();
-  return ent;
 }
 
 /** Free storage held in <b>cert</b>. */
@@ -4216,7 +4314,7 @@ authority_cert_free(authority_cert_t *cert)
 
 /** Free storage held in <b>ds</b>. */
 static void
-trusted_dir_server_free(trusted_dir_server_t *ds)
+dir_server_free(dir_server_t *ds)
 {
   if (!ds)
     return;
@@ -4227,13 +4325,18 @@ trusted_dir_server_free(trusted_dir_server_t *ds)
   tor_free(ds);
 }
 
-/** Remove all members from the list of trusted dir servers. */
+/** Remove all members from the list of dir servers. */
 void
-clear_trusted_dir_servers(void)
+clear_dir_servers(void)
 {
+  if (fallback_dir_servers) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fallback_dir_servers, dir_server_t *, ent,
+                      dir_server_free(ent));
+    smartlist_clear(fallback_dir_servers);
+  } else {
+    fallback_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
+  }
   if (trusted_dir_servers) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(trusted_dir_servers, trusted_dir_server_t *, ent,
-                      trusted_dir_server_free(ent));
     smartlist_clear(trusted_dir_servers);
   } else {
     trusted_dir_servers = smartlist_new();
@@ -4241,17 +4344,6 @@ clear_trusted_dir_servers(void)
   router_dir_info_changed();
 }
 
-/** Return 1 if any trusted dir server supports v1 directories,
- * else return 0. */
-int
-any_trusted_dir_is_v1_authority(void)
-{
-  if (trusted_dir_servers)
-    return get_n_authorities(V1_DIRINFO) > 0;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /** For every current directory connection whose purpose is <b>purpose</b>,
  * and where the resource being downloaded begins with <b>prefix</b>, split
  * rest of the resource into base16 fingerprints (or base64 fingerprints if
@@ -4314,6 +4406,41 @@ list_pending_microdesc_downloads(digestmap_t *result)
   list_pending_downloads(result, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC, "d/");
 }
 
+/** For every certificate we are currently downloading by (identity digest,
+ * signing key digest) pair, set result[fp_pair] to (void *1).
+ */
+static void
+list_pending_fpsk_downloads(fp_pair_map_t *result)
+{
+  const char *pfx = "fp-sk/";
+  smartlist_t *tmp;
+  smartlist_t *conns;
+  const char *resource;
+
+  tor_assert(result);
+
+  tmp = smartlist_new();
+  conns = get_connection_array();
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
+    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR &&
+        conn->purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_CERTIFICATE &&
+        !conn->marked_for_close) {
+      resource = TO_DIR_CONN(conn)->requested_resource;
+      if (!strcmpstart(resource, pfx))
+        dir_split_resource_into_fingerprint_pairs(resource + strlen(pfx),
+                                                  tmp);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(tmp, fp_pair_t *, fp) {
+    fp_pair_map_set(result, fp, (void*)1);
+    tor_free(fp);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(fp);
+
+  smartlist_free(tmp);
+}
+
 /** Launch downloads for all the descriptors whose digests or digests256
  * are listed as digests[i] for lo <= i < hi.  (Lo and hi may be out of
  * range.)  If <b>source</b> is given, download from <b>source</b>;
@@ -4369,7 +4496,7 @@ initiate_descriptor_downloads(const routerstatus_t *source,
     /* We know which authority we want. */
     directory_initiate_command_routerstatus(source, purpose,
                                             ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL,
-                                            0, /* not private */
+                                            DIRIND_ONEHOP,
                                             resource, NULL, 0, 0);
   } else {
     directory_get_from_dirserver(purpose, ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL, resource,
@@ -4378,30 +4505,6 @@ initiate_descriptor_downloads(const routerstatus_t *source,
   tor_free(resource);
 }
 
-/** Return 0 if this routerstatus is obsolete, too new, isn't
- * running, or otherwise not a descriptor that we would make any
- * use of even if we had it. Else return 1. */
-static INLINE int
-client_would_use_router(const routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now,
-                        const or_options_t *options)
-{
-  if (!rs->is_flagged_running && !options->FetchUselessDescriptors) {
-    /* If we had this router descriptor, we wouldn't even bother using it.
-     * But, if we want to have a complete list, fetch it anyway. */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (rs->published_on + options->TestingEstimatedDescriptorPropagationTime
-      > now) {
-    /* Most caches probably don't have this descriptor yet. */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (rs->published_on + OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE < now) {
-    /* We'd drop it immediately for being too old. */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
 /** Max amount of hashes to download per request.
  * Since squid does not like URLs >= 4096 bytes we limit it to 96.
  *   4096 - strlen(http://255.255.255.255/tor/server/d/.z) == 4058
@@ -4471,11 +4574,6 @@ launch_descriptor_downloads(int purpose,
       }
     }
   }
-  /* XXX should we consider having even the dir mirrors delay
-   * a little bit, so we don't load the authorities as much? -RD
-   * I don't think so.  If we do, clients that want those descriptors may
-   * not actually find them if the caches haven't got them yet. -NM
-   */
 
   if (! should_delay && n_downloadable) {
     int i, n_per_request;
@@ -4515,9 +4613,9 @@ launch_descriptor_downloads(int purpose,
       rtr_plural = "s";
 
     log_info(LD_DIR,
-             "Launching %d request%s for %d router%s, %d at a time",
-             CEIL_DIV(n_downloadable, n_per_request),
-             req_plural, n_downloadable, rtr_plural, n_per_request);
+             "Launching %d request%s for %d %s%s, %d at a time",
+             CEIL_DIV(n_downloadable, n_per_request), req_plural,
+             n_downloadable, descname, rtr_plural, n_per_request);
     smartlist_sort_digests(downloadable);
     for (i=0; i < n_downloadable; i += n_per_request) {
       initiate_descriptor_downloads(source, purpose,
@@ -4568,7 +4666,7 @@ update_router_descriptor_cache_downloads_v2(time_t now)
    */
   n_download = 0;
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(networkstatus_v2_list, networkstatus_v2_t *, ns) {
-      trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+      dir_server_t *ds;
       smartlist_t *dl;
       dl = downloadable[ns_sl_idx] = smartlist_new();
       download_from[ns_sl_idx] = smartlist_new();
@@ -4643,7 +4741,7 @@ update_router_descriptor_cache_downloads_v2(time_t now)
   /* Now, we can actually launch our requests. */
   for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
     networkstatus_v2_t *ns = smartlist_get(networkstatus_v2_list, i);
-    trusted_dir_server_t *ds =
+    dir_server_t *ds =
       router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(ns->identity_digest);
     smartlist_t *dl = download_from[i];
     int pds_flags = PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS;
@@ -4696,7 +4794,7 @@ update_consensus_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now, int is_vote,
 
   if (is_vote) {
     /* where's it from, so we know whom to ask for descriptors */
-    trusted_dir_server_t *ds;
+    dir_server_t *ds;
     networkstatus_voter_info_t *voter = smartlist_get(consensus->voters, 0);
     tor_assert(voter);
     ds = trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(voter->identity_digest);
@@ -4720,7 +4818,7 @@ update_consensus_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now, int is_vote,
                    sd->signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
           /* We have a descriptor with this digest, but either there is no
            * entry in routerlist with the same ID (!ri), or there is one,
-           * but the identity digest differs (memcmp).
+           * but the identity digest differs (memneq).
            */
           smartlist_add(no_longer_old, sd);
           ++n_in_oldrouters; /* We have it in old_routers. */
@@ -4919,230 +5017,6 @@ update_extrainfo_downloads(time_t now)
   smartlist_free(wanted);
 }
 
-/** True iff, the last time we checked whether we had enough directory info
- * to build circuits, the answer was "yes". */
-static int have_min_dir_info = 0;
-/** True iff enough has changed since the last time we checked whether we had
- * enough directory info to build circuits that our old answer can no longer
- * be trusted. */
-static int need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 1;
-/** String describing what we're missing before we have enough directory
- * info. */
-static char dir_info_status[128] = "";
-
-/** Return true iff we have enough networkstatus and router information to
- * start building circuits.  Right now, this means "more than half the
- * networkstatus documents, and at least 1/4 of expected routers." */
-//XXX should consider whether we have enough exiting nodes here.
-int
-router_have_minimum_dir_info(void)
-{
-  if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(need_to_update_have_min_dir_info)) {
-    update_router_have_minimum_dir_info();
-    need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 0;
-  }
-  return have_min_dir_info;
-}
-
-/** Called when our internal view of the directory has changed.  This can be
- * when the authorities change, networkstatuses change, the list of routerdescs
- * changes, or number of running routers changes.
- */
-void
-router_dir_info_changed(void)
-{
-  need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 1;
-  rend_hsdir_routers_changed();
-}
-
-/** Return a string describing what we're missing before we have enough
- * directory info. */
-const char *
-get_dir_info_status_string(void)
-{
-  return dir_info_status;
-}
-
-/** Iterate over the servers listed in <b>consensus</b>, and count how many of
- * them seem like ones we'd use, and how many of <em>those</em> we have
- * descriptors for.  Store the former in *<b>num_usable</b> and the latter in
- * *<b>num_present</b>.  If <b>in_set</b> is non-NULL, only consider those
- * routers in <b>in_set</b>.  If <b>exit_only</b> is true, only consider nodes
- * with the Exit flag.
- */
-static void
-count_usable_descriptors(int *num_present, int *num_usable,
-                         const networkstatus_t *consensus,
-                         const or_options_t *options, time_t now,
-                         routerset_t *in_set, int exit_only)
-{
-  const int md = (consensus->flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC);
-  *num_present = 0, *num_usable=0;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(consensus->routerstatus_list, routerstatus_t *, rs)
-    {
-       if (exit_only && ! rs->is_exit)
-         continue;
-       if (in_set && ! routerset_contains_routerstatus(in_set, rs, -1))
-         continue;
-       if (client_would_use_router(rs, now, options)) {
-         const char * const digest = rs->descriptor_digest;
-         int present;
-         ++*num_usable; /* the consensus says we want it. */
-         if (md)
-           present = NULL != microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(NULL, digest);
-         else
-           present = NULL != router_get_by_descriptor_digest(digest);
-         if (present) {
-           /* we have the descriptor listed in the consensus. */
-           ++*num_present;
-         }
-       }
-     }
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rs);
-
-  log_debug(LD_DIR, "%d usable, %d present.", *num_usable, *num_present);
-}
-
-/** We just fetched a new set of descriptors. Compute how far through
- * the "loading descriptors" bootstrapping phase we are, so we can inform
- * the controller of our progress. */
-int
-count_loading_descriptors_progress(void)
-{
-  int num_present = 0, num_usable=0;
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  const networkstatus_t *consensus =
-    networkstatus_get_reasonably_live_consensus(now,usable_consensus_flavor());
-  double fraction;
-
-  if (!consensus)
-    return 0; /* can't count descriptors if we have no list of them */
-
-  count_usable_descriptors(&num_present, &num_usable,
-                           consensus, get_options(), now, NULL, 0);
-
-  if (num_usable == 0)
-    return 0; /* don't div by 0 */
-  fraction = num_present / (num_usable/4.);
-  if (fraction > 1.0)
-    return 0; /* it's not the number of descriptors holding us back */
-  return BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS + (int)
-    (fraction*(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CONN_OR-1 -
-               BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_LOADING_DESCRIPTORS));
-}
-
-/** Change the value of have_min_dir_info, setting it true iff we have enough
- * network and router information to build circuits.  Clear the value of
- * need_to_update_have_min_dir_info. */
-static void
-update_router_have_minimum_dir_info(void)
-{
-  int num_present = 0, num_usable=0;
-  int num_exit_present = 0, num_exit_usable = 0;
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  int res;
-  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
-  const networkstatus_t *consensus =
-    networkstatus_get_reasonably_live_consensus(now,usable_consensus_flavor());
-  int using_md;
-
-  if (!consensus) {
-    if (!networkstatus_get_latest_consensus())
-      strlcpy(dir_info_status, "We have no usable consensus.",
-              sizeof(dir_info_status));
-    else
-      strlcpy(dir_info_status, "We have no recent usable consensus.",
-              sizeof(dir_info_status));
-    res = 0;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  if (should_delay_dir_fetches(get_options())) {
-    log_notice(LD_DIR, "no known bridge descriptors running yet; stalling");
-    strlcpy(dir_info_status, "No live bridge descriptors.",
-            sizeof(dir_info_status));
-    res = 0;
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  using_md = consensus->flavor == FLAV_MICRODESC;
-
-  count_usable_descriptors(&num_present, &num_usable, consensus, options, now,
-                           NULL, 0);
-  count_usable_descriptors(&num_exit_present, &num_exit_usable,
-                           consensus, options, now, options->ExitNodes, 1);
-
-/* What fraction of desired server descriptors do we need before we will
- * build circuits? */
-#define FRAC_USABLE_NEEDED .75
-/* What fraction of desired _exit_ server descriptors do we need before we
- * will build circuits? */
-#define FRAC_EXIT_USABLE_NEEDED .5
-
-  if (num_present < num_usable * FRAC_USABLE_NEEDED) {
-    tor_snprintf(dir_info_status, sizeof(dir_info_status),
-                 "We have only %d/%d usable %sdescriptors.",
-                 num_present, num_usable, using_md ? "micro" : "");
-    res = 0;
-    control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_REQUESTING_DESCRIPTORS, 0);
-    goto done;
-  } else if (num_present < 2) {
-    tor_snprintf(dir_info_status, sizeof(dir_info_status),
-                 "Only %d %sdescriptor%s here and believed reachable!",
-                 num_present, using_md ? "micro" : "", num_present ? "" : "s");
-    res = 0;
-    goto done;
-  } else if (num_exit_present < num_exit_usable * FRAC_EXIT_USABLE_NEEDED) {
-    tor_snprintf(dir_info_status, sizeof(dir_info_status),
-                 "We have only %d/%d usable exit node descriptors.",
-                 num_exit_present, num_exit_usable);
-    res = 0;
-    control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_REQUESTING_DESCRIPTORS, 0);
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  /* Check for entry nodes. */
-  if (options->EntryNodes) {
-    count_usable_descriptors(&num_present, &num_usable, consensus, options,
-                             now, options->EntryNodes, 0);
-
-    if (!num_usable || !num_present) {
-      tor_snprintf(dir_info_status, sizeof(dir_info_status),
-                   "We have only %d/%d usable entry node %sdescriptors.",
-                   num_present, num_usable, using_md?"micro":"");
-      res = 0;
-      goto done;
-    }
-  }
-
-  res = 1;
-
- done:
-  if (res && !have_min_dir_info) {
-    log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR,
-        "We now have enough directory information to build circuits.");
-    control_event_client_status(LOG_NOTICE, "ENOUGH_DIR_INFO");
-    control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_CONN_OR, 0);
-  }
-  if (!res && have_min_dir_info) {
-    int quiet = directory_too_idle_to_fetch_descriptors(options, now);
-    log(quiet ? LOG_INFO : LOG_NOTICE, LD_DIR,
-        "Our directory information is no longer up-to-date "
-        "enough to build circuits: %s", dir_info_status);
-
-    /* a) make us log when we next complete a circuit, so we know when Tor
-     * is back up and usable, and b) disable some activities that Tor
-     * should only do while circuits are working, like reachability tests
-     * and fetching bridge descriptors only over circuits. */
-    can_complete_circuit = 0;
-
-    control_event_client_status(LOG_NOTICE, "NOT_ENOUGH_DIR_INFO");
-  }
-  have_min_dir_info = res;
-  need_to_update_have_min_dir_info = 0;
-}
-
 /** Reset the descriptor download failure count on all routers, so that we
  * can retry any long-failed routers immediately.
  */
@@ -5195,8 +5069,8 @@ router_differences_are_cosmetic(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
       r1->ipv6_orport != r2->ipv6_orport ||
       r1->dir_port != r2->dir_port ||
       r1->purpose != r2->purpose ||
-      crypto_pk_cmp_keys(r1->onion_pkey, r2->onion_pkey) ||
-      crypto_pk_cmp_keys(r1->identity_pkey, r2->identity_pkey) ||
+      !crypto_pk_eq_keys(r1->onion_pkey, r2->onion_pkey) ||
+      !crypto_pk_eq_keys(r1->identity_pkey, r2->identity_pkey) ||
       strcasecmp(r1->platform, r2->platform) ||
       (r1->contact_info && !r2->contact_info) || /* contact_info is optional */
       (!r1->contact_info && r2->contact_info) ||
@@ -5441,7 +5315,7 @@ esc_router_info(const routerinfo_t *router)
 /** Helper for sorting: compare two routerinfos by their identity
  * digest. */
 static int
-_compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest(const void **a, const void **b)
+compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest_(const void **a, const void **b)
 {
   routerinfo_t *first = *(routerinfo_t **)a, *second = *(routerinfo_t **)b;
   return fast_memcmp(first->cache_info.identity_digest,
@@ -5453,153 +5327,10 @@ _compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest(const void **a, const void **b)
 void
 routers_sort_by_identity(smartlist_t *routers)
 {
-  smartlist_sort(routers, _compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest);
-}
-
-/** A routerset specifies constraints on a set of possible routerinfos, based
- * on their names, identities, or addresses.  It is optimized for determining
- * whether a router is a member or not, in O(1+P) time, where P is the number
- * of address policy constraints. */
-struct routerset_t {
-  /** A list of strings for the elements of the policy.  Each string is either
-   * a nickname, a hexadecimal identity fingerprint, or an address policy.  A
-   * router belongs to the set if its nickname OR its identity OR its address
-   * matches an entry here. */
-  smartlist_t *list;
-  /** A map from lowercase nicknames of routers in the set to (void*)1 */
-  strmap_t *names;
-  /** A map from identity digests routers in the set to (void*)1 */
-  digestmap_t *digests;
-  /** An address policy for routers in the set.  For implementation reasons,
-   * a router belongs to the set if it is _rejected_ by this policy. */
-  smartlist_t *policies;
-
-  /** A human-readable description of what this routerset is for.  Used in
-   * log messages. */
-  char *description;
-
-  /** A list of the country codes in this set. */
-  smartlist_t *country_names;
-  /** Total number of countries we knew about when we built <b>countries</b>.*/
-  int n_countries;
-  /** Bit array mapping the return value of geoip_get_country() to 1 iff the
-   * country is a member of this routerset.  Note that we MUST call
-   * routerset_refresh_countries() whenever the geoip country list is
-   * reloaded. */
-  bitarray_t *countries;
-};
-
-/** Return a new empty routerset. */
-routerset_t *
-routerset_new(void)
-{
-  routerset_t *result = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerset_t));
-  result->list = smartlist_new();
-  result->names = strmap_new();
-  result->digests = digestmap_new();
-  result->policies = smartlist_new();
-  result->country_names = smartlist_new();
-  return result;
-}
-
-/** If <b>c</b> is a country code in the form {cc}, return a newly allocated
- * string holding the "cc" part.  Else, return NULL. */
-static char *
-routerset_get_countryname(const char *c)
-{
-  char *country;
-
-  if (strlen(c) < 4 || c[0] !='{' || c[3] !='}')
-    return NULL;
-
-  country = tor_strndup(c+1, 2);
-  tor_strlower(country);
-  return country;
-}
-
-/** Update the routerset's <b>countries</b> bitarray_t. Called whenever
- * the GeoIP database is reloaded.
- */
-void
-routerset_refresh_countries(routerset_t *target)
-{
-  int cc;
-  bitarray_free(target->countries);
-
-  if (!geoip_is_loaded()) {
-    target->countries = NULL;
-    target->n_countries = 0;
-    return;
-  }
-  target->n_countries = geoip_get_n_countries();
-  target->countries = bitarray_init_zero(target->n_countries);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(target->country_names, const char *, country) {
-    cc = geoip_get_country(country);
-    if (cc >= 0) {
-      tor_assert(cc < target->n_countries);
-      bitarray_set(target->countries, cc);
-    } else {
-      log(LOG_WARN, LD_CONFIG, "Country code '%s' is not recognized.",
-          country);
-    }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(country);
+  smartlist_sort(routers, compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest_);
 }
 
-/** Parse the string <b>s</b> to create a set of routerset entries, and add
- * them to <b>target</b>.  In log messages, refer to the string as
- * <b>description</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
- *
- * Three kinds of elements are allowed in routersets: nicknames, IP address
- * patterns, and fingerprints.  They may be surrounded by optional space, and
- * must be separated by commas.
- */
-int
-routerset_parse(routerset_t *target, const char *s, const char *description)
-{
-  int r = 0;
-  int added_countries = 0;
-  char *countryname;
-  smartlist_t *list = smartlist_new();
-  smartlist_split_string(list, s, ",",
-                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE | SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(list, char *, nick) {
-      addr_policy_t *p;
-      if (is_legal_hexdigest(nick)) {
-        char d[DIGEST_LEN];
-        if (*nick == '$')
-          ++nick;
-        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding identity %s to %s", nick, description);
-        base16_decode(d, sizeof(d), nick, HEX_DIGEST_LEN);
-        digestmap_set(target->digests, d, (void*)1);
-      } else if (is_legal_nickname(nick)) {
-        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding nickname %s to %s", nick, description);
-        strmap_set_lc(target->names, nick, (void*)1);
-      } else if ((countryname = routerset_get_countryname(nick)) != NULL) {
-        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding country %s to %s", nick,
-                  description);
-        smartlist_add(target->country_names, countryname);
-        added_countries = 1;
-      } else if ((strchr(nick,'.') || strchr(nick, '*')) &&
-                 (p = router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string(
-                                     nick, ADDR_POLICY_REJECT))) {
-        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding address %s to %s", nick, description);
-        smartlist_add(target->policies, p);
-      } else {
-        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Entry '%s' in %s is misformed.", nick,
-                 description);
-        r = -1;
-        tor_free(nick);
-        SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(list, nick);
-      }
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(nick);
-  smartlist_add_all(target->list, list);
-  smartlist_free(list);
-  if (added_countries)
-    routerset_refresh_countries(target);
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Called when we change a node set, or when we reload the geoip list:
+/** Called when we change a node set, or when we reload the geoip IPv4 list:
  * recompute all country info in all configuration node sets and in the
  * routerlist. */
 void
@@ -5615,303 +5346,12 @@ refresh_all_country_info(void)
     routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeNodes);
   if (options->ExcludeExitNodes)
     routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeExitNodes);
-  if (options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion)
-    routerset_refresh_countries(options->_ExcludeExitNodesUnion);
+  if (options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_)
+    routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_);
 
   nodelist_refresh_countries();
 }
 
-/** Add all members of the set <b>source</b> to <b>target</b>. */
-void
-routerset_union(routerset_t *target, const routerset_t *source)
-{
-  char *s;
-  tor_assert(target);
-  if (!source || !source->list)
-    return;
-  s = routerset_to_string(source);
-  routerset_parse(target, s, "other routerset");
-  tor_free(s);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>set</b> lists only nicknames and digests, and includes
- * no IP ranges or countries. */
-int
-routerset_is_list(const routerset_t *set)
-{
-  return smartlist_len(set->country_names) == 0 &&
-    smartlist_len(set->policies) == 0;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff we need a GeoIP IP-to-country database to make sense of
- * <b>set</b>. */
-int
-routerset_needs_geoip(const routerset_t *set)
-{
-  return set && smartlist_len(set->country_names);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff there are no entries in <b>set</b>. */
-int
-routerset_is_empty(const routerset_t *set)
-{
-  return !set || smartlist_len(set->list) == 0;
-}
-
-/** Helper.  Return true iff <b>set</b> contains a router based on the other
- * provided fields.  Return higher values for more specific subentries: a
- * single router is more specific than an address range of routers, which is
- * more specific in turn than a country code.
- *
- * (If country is -1, then we take the country
- * from addr.) */
-static int
-routerset_contains(const routerset_t *set, const tor_addr_t *addr,
-                   uint16_t orport,
-                   const char *nickname, const char *id_digest,
-                   country_t country)
-{
-  if (!set || !set->list)
-    return 0;
-  if (nickname && strmap_get_lc(set->names, nickname))
-    return 4;
-  if (id_digest && digestmap_get(set->digests, id_digest))
-    return 4;
-  if (addr && compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, orport, set->policies)
-      == ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED)
-    return 3;
-  if (set->countries) {
-    if (country < 0 && addr)
-      country = geoip_get_country_by_ip(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(addr));
-
-    if (country >= 0 && country < set->n_countries &&
-        bitarray_is_set(set->countries, country))
-      return 2;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return true iff we can tell that <b>ei</b> is a member of <b>set</b>. */
-int
-routerset_contains_extendinfo(const routerset_t *set, const extend_info_t *ei)
-{
-  return routerset_contains(set,
-                            &ei->addr,
-                            ei->port,
-                            ei->nickname,
-                            ei->identity_digest,
-                            -1 /*country*/);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>ri</b> is in <b>set</b>.  If country is <b>-1</b>, we
- * look up the country. */
-int
-routerset_contains_router(const routerset_t *set, const routerinfo_t *ri,
-                          country_t country)
-{
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, ri->addr);
-  return routerset_contains(set,
-                            &addr,
-                            ri->or_port,
-                            ri->nickname,
-                            ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
-                            country);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>rs</b> is in <b>set</b>.  If country is <b>-1</b>, we
- * look up the country. */
-int
-routerset_contains_routerstatus(const routerset_t *set,
-                                const routerstatus_t *rs,
-                                country_t country)
-{
-  tor_addr_t addr;
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, rs->addr);
-  return routerset_contains(set,
-                            &addr,
-                            rs->or_port,
-                            rs->nickname,
-                            rs->identity_digest,
-                            country);
-}
-
-/** Return true iff <b>node</b> is in <b>set</b>. */
-int
-routerset_contains_node(const routerset_t *set, const node_t *node)
-{
-  if (node->rs)
-    return routerset_contains_routerstatus(set, node->rs, node->country);
-  else if (node->ri)
-    return routerset_contains_router(set, node->ri, node->country);
-  else
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/** Add every known node_t that is a member of <b>routerset</b> to
- * <b>out</b>, but never add any that are part of <b>excludeset</b>.
- * If <b>running_only</b>, only add the running ones. */
-void
-routerset_get_all_nodes(smartlist_t *out, const routerset_t *routerset,
-                        const routerset_t *excludeset, int running_only)
-{ /* XXXX MOVE */
-  tor_assert(out);
-  if (!routerset || !routerset->list)
-    return;
-
-  if (routerset_is_list(routerset)) {
-    /* No routers are specified by type; all are given by name or digest.
-     * we can do a lookup in O(len(routerset)). */
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->list, const char *, name, {
-        const node_t *node = node_get_by_nickname(name, 1);
-        if (node) {
-          if (!running_only || node->is_running)
-            if (!routerset_contains_node(excludeset, node))
-              smartlist_add(out, (void*)node);
-        }
-    });
-  } else {
-    /* We need to iterate over the routerlist to get all the ones of the
-     * right kind. */
-    smartlist_t *nodes = nodelist_get_list();
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodes, const node_t *, node, {
-        if (running_only && !node->is_running)
-          continue;
-        if (routerset_contains_node(routerset, node) &&
-            !routerset_contains_node(excludeset, node))
-          smartlist_add(out, (void*)node);
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-#if 0
-/** Add to <b>target</b> every node_t from <b>source</b> except:
- *
- * 1) Don't add it if <b>include</b> is non-empty and the relay isn't in
- * <b>include</b>; and
- * 2) Don't add it if <b>exclude</b> is non-empty and the relay is
- * excluded in a more specific fashion by <b>exclude</b>.
- * 3) If <b>running_only</b>, don't add non-running routers.
- */
-void
-routersets_get_node_disjunction(smartlist_t *target,
-                           const smartlist_t *source,
-                           const routerset_t *include,
-                           const routerset_t *exclude, int running_only)
-{
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(source, const node_t *, node, {
-    int include_result;
-    if (running_only && !node->is_running)
-      continue;
-    if (!routerset_is_empty(include))
-      include_result = routerset_contains_node(include, node);
-    else
-      include_result = 1;
-
-    if (include_result) {
-      int exclude_result = routerset_contains_node(exclude, node);
-      if (include_result >= exclude_result)
-        smartlist_add(target, (void*)node);
-    }
-  });
-}
-#endif
-
-/** Remove every node_t from <b>lst</b> that is in <b>routerset</b>. */
-void
-routerset_subtract_nodes(smartlist_t *lst, const routerset_t *routerset)
-{ /*XXXX MOVE ? */
-  tor_assert(lst);
-  if (!routerset)
-    return;
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const node_t *, node, {
-      if (routerset_contains_node(routerset, node)) {
-        //log_debug(LD_DIR, "Subtracting %s",r->nickname);
-        SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(lst, node);
-      }
-    });
-}
-
-/** Return a new string that when parsed by routerset_parse_string() will
- * yield <b>set</b>. */
-char *
-routerset_to_string(const routerset_t *set)
-{
-  if (!set || !set->list)
-    return tor_strdup("");
-  return smartlist_join_strings(set->list, ",", 0, NULL);
-}
-
-/** Helper: return true iff old and new are both NULL, or both non-NULL
- * equal routersets. */
-int
-routerset_equal(const routerset_t *old, const routerset_t *new)
-{
-  if (routerset_is_empty(old) && routerset_is_empty(new)) {
-    /* Two empty sets are equal */
-    return 1;
-  } else if (routerset_is_empty(old) || routerset_is_empty(new)) {
-    /* An empty set is equal to nothing else. */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  tor_assert(old != NULL);
-  tor_assert(new != NULL);
-
-  if (smartlist_len(old->list) != smartlist_len(new->list))
-    return 0;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(old->list, const char *, cp1, {
-    const char *cp2 = smartlist_get(new->list, cp1_sl_idx);
-    if (strcmp(cp1, cp2))
-      return 0;
-  });
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/** Free all storage held in <b>routerset</b>. */
-void
-routerset_free(routerset_t *routerset)
-{
-  if (!routerset)
-    return;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(routerset->list);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->policies, addr_policy_t *, p,
-                    addr_policy_free(p));
-  smartlist_free(routerset->policies);
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->country_names, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-  smartlist_free(routerset->country_names);
-
-  strmap_free(routerset->names, NULL);
-  digestmap_free(routerset->digests, NULL);
-  bitarray_free(routerset->countries);
-  tor_free(routerset);
-}
-
-/** Refresh the country code of <b>ri</b>.  This function MUST be called on
- * each router when the GeoIP database is reloaded, and on all new routers. */
-void
-node_set_country(node_t *node)
-{
-  if (node->rs)
-    node->country = geoip_get_country_by_ip(node->rs->addr);
-  else if (node->ri)
-    node->country = geoip_get_country_by_ip(node->ri->addr);
-  else
-    node->country = -1;
-}
-
-/** Set the country code of all routers in the routerlist. */
-void
-nodelist_refresh_countries(void) /* MOVE */
-{
-  smartlist_t *nodes = nodelist_get_list();
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodes, node_t *, node,
-                    node_set_country(node));
-}
-
 /** Determine the routers that are responsible for <b>id</b> (binary) and
  * add pointers to those routers' routerstatus_t to <b>responsible_dirs</b>.
  * Return -1 if we're returning an empty smartlist, else return 0.
diff --git a/src/or/routerlist.h b/src/or/routerlist.h
index bd55b7b201..505685897f 100644
--- a/src/or/routerlist.h
+++ b/src/or/routerlist.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,12 +8,25 @@
  * \brief Header file for routerlist.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_ROUTERLIST_H
-#define _TOR_ROUTERLIST_H
+#ifndef TOR_ROUTERLIST_H
+#define TOR_ROUTERLIST_H
 
 int get_n_authorities(dirinfo_type_t type);
 int trusted_dirs_reload_certs(void);
-int trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int from_store,
+
+/*
+ * Pass one of these as source to trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string()
+ * to indicate whence string originates; this controls error handling
+ * behavior such as marking downloads as failed.
+ */
+
+#define TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_SELF 0
+#define TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_STORE 1
+#define TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_DIGEST 2
+#define TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_DL_BY_ID_SK_DIGEST 3
+#define TRUSTED_DIRS_CERTS_SRC_FROM_VOTE 4
+
+int trusted_dirs_load_certs_from_string(const char *contents, int source,
                                         int flush);
 void trusted_dirs_flush_certs_to_disk(void);
 authority_cert_t *authority_cert_get_newest_by_id(const char *id_digest);
@@ -21,41 +34,42 @@ authority_cert_t *authority_cert_get_by_sk_digest(const char *sk_digest);
 authority_cert_t *authority_cert_get_by_digests(const char *id_digest,
                                                 const char *sk_digest);
 void authority_cert_get_all(smartlist_t *certs_out);
-void authority_cert_dl_failed(const char *id_digest, int status);
+void authority_cert_dl_failed(const char *id_digest,
+                              const char *signing_key_digest, int status);
 void authority_certs_fetch_missing(networkstatus_t *status, time_t now);
 int router_reload_router_list(void);
 int authority_cert_dl_looks_uncertain(const char *id_digest);
+const smartlist_t *router_get_trusted_dir_servers(void);
+const smartlist_t *router_get_fallback_dir_servers(void);
 int authority_cert_is_blacklisted(const authority_cert_t *cert);
-smartlist_t *router_get_trusted_dir_servers(void);
 
 const routerstatus_t *router_pick_directory_server(dirinfo_type_t type,
                                                    int flags);
-trusted_dir_server_t *router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(const char *d);
-trusted_dir_server_t *trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(const char *d);
+dir_server_t *router_get_trusteddirserver_by_digest(const char *d);
+dir_server_t *router_get_fallback_dirserver_by_digest(
+                                                   const char *digest);
+dir_server_t *trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(const char *d);
 const routerstatus_t *router_pick_trusteddirserver(dirinfo_type_t type,
                                                    int flags);
+const routerstatus_t *router_pick_fallback_dirserver(dirinfo_type_t type,
+                                                     int flags);
 int router_get_my_share_of_directory_requests(double *v2_share_out,
                                               double *v3_share_out);
 void router_reset_status_download_failures(void);
-int routers_have_same_or_addr(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2);
-int router_nickname_is_in_list(const routerinfo_t *router, const char *list);
+int routers_have_same_or_addrs(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2);
 const routerinfo_t *routerlist_find_my_routerinfo(void);
-const node_t *router_find_exact_exit_enclave(const char *address,
-                                             uint16_t port);
-int node_is_unreliable(const node_t *router, int need_uptime,
-                         int need_capacity, int need_guard);
 uint32_t router_get_advertised_bandwidth(const routerinfo_t *router);
 uint32_t router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(const routerinfo_t *router);
 
-const node_t *node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(smartlist_t *sl,
+const node_t *node_sl_choose_by_bandwidth(const smartlist_t *sl,
                                           bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule);
+double frac_nodes_with_descriptors(const smartlist_t *sl,
+                                   bandwidth_weight_rule_t rule);
 
 const node_t *router_choose_random_node(smartlist_t *excludedsmartlist,
                                         struct routerset_t *excludedset,
                                         router_crn_flags_t flags);
 
-const routerinfo_t *router_get_by_nickname(const char *nickname,
-                                     int warn_if_unnamed);
 int router_is_named(const routerinfo_t *router);
 int router_digest_is_trusted_dir_type(const char *digest,
                                       dirinfo_type_t type);
@@ -64,7 +78,6 @@ int router_digest_is_trusted_dir_type(const char *digest,
 
 int router_addr_is_trusted_dir(uint32_t addr);
 int hexdigest_to_digest(const char *hexdigest, char *digest);
-const routerinfo_t *router_get_by_hexdigest(const char *hexdigest);
 const routerinfo_t *router_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest);
 routerinfo_t *router_get_mutable_by_digest(const char *digest);
 signed_descriptor_t *router_get_by_descriptor_digest(const char *digest);
@@ -81,7 +94,6 @@ void routerlist_remove(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri, int make_old,
                        time_t now);
 void routerlist_free_all(void);
 void routerlist_reset_warnings(void);
-void router_set_status(const char *digest, int up);
 
 static int WRA_WAS_ADDED(was_router_added_t s);
 static int WRA_WAS_OUTDATED(was_router_added_t s);
@@ -134,27 +146,25 @@ void router_load_extrainfo_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
                                        int descriptor_digests);
 
 void routerlist_retry_directory_downloads(time_t now);
-int router_exit_policy_all_nodes_reject(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
-                                        int need_uptime);
 
 int router_exit_policy_rejects_all(const routerinfo_t *router);
-trusted_dir_server_t *add_trusted_dir_server(const char *nickname,
-                           const char *address,
-                           uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
-                           const char *digest, const char *v3_auth_digest,
-                           dirinfo_type_t type);
+
+dir_server_t *trusted_dir_server_new(const char *nickname, const char *address,
+                       uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
+                       const char *digest, const char *v3_auth_digest,
+                       dirinfo_type_t type, double weight);
+dir_server_t *fallback_dir_server_new(const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                                      uint16_t dir_port, uint16_t or_port,
+                                      const char *id_digest, double weight);
+void dir_server_add(dir_server_t *ent);
+
 void authority_cert_free(authority_cert_t *cert);
-void clear_trusted_dir_servers(void);
-int any_trusted_dir_is_v1_authority(void);
+void clear_dir_servers(void);
 void update_consensus_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now, int is_vote,
                                                   networkstatus_t *consensus);
 void update_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now);
 void update_all_descriptor_downloads(time_t now);
 void update_extrainfo_downloads(time_t now);
-int router_have_minimum_dir_info(void);
-void router_dir_info_changed(void);
-const char *get_dir_info_status_string(void);
-int count_loading_descriptors_progress(void);
 void router_reset_descriptor_download_failures(void);
 int router_differences_are_cosmetic(const routerinfo_t *r1,
                                     const routerinfo_t *r2);
@@ -167,38 +177,6 @@ void routerlist_assert_ok(const routerlist_t *rl);
 const char *esc_router_info(const routerinfo_t *router);
 void routers_sort_by_identity(smartlist_t *routers);
 
-routerset_t *routerset_new(void);
-void routerset_refresh_countries(routerset_t *rs);
-int routerset_parse(routerset_t *target, const char *s,
-                    const char *description);
-void routerset_union(routerset_t *target, const routerset_t *source);
-int routerset_is_list(const routerset_t *set);
-int routerset_needs_geoip(const routerset_t *set);
-int routerset_is_empty(const routerset_t *set);
-int routerset_contains_router(const routerset_t *set, const routerinfo_t *ri,
-                              country_t country);
-int routerset_contains_routerstatus(const routerset_t *set,
-                                    const routerstatus_t *rs,
-                                    country_t country);
-int routerset_contains_extendinfo(const routerset_t *set,
-                                  const extend_info_t *ei);
-
-int routerset_contains_node(const routerset_t *set, const node_t *node);
-void routerset_get_all_nodes(smartlist_t *out, const routerset_t *routerset,
-                             const routerset_t *excludeset,
-                             int running_only);
-#if 0
-void routersets_get_node_disjunction(smartlist_t *target,
-                                const smartlist_t *source,
-                                const routerset_t *include,
-                                const routerset_t *exclude, int running_only);
-#endif
-void routerset_subtract_nodes(smartlist_t *out,
-                                const routerset_t *routerset);
-
-char *routerset_to_string(const routerset_t *routerset);
-int routerset_equal(const routerset_t *old, const routerset_t *new);
-void routerset_free(routerset_t *routerset);
 void refresh_all_country_info(void);
 
 int hid_serv_get_responsible_directories(smartlist_t *responsible_dirs,
@@ -216,6 +194,23 @@ int hex_digest_nickname_decode(const char *hexdigest,
                                char *digest_out,
                                char *nickname_qualifier_out,
                                char *nickname_out);
+int hex_digest_nickname_matches(const char *hexdigest,
+                                const char *identity_digest,
+                                const char *nickname, int is_named);
+
+#ifdef ROUTERLIST_PRIVATE
+/** Helper type for choosing routers by bandwidth: contains a union of
+ * double and uint64_t. Before we call scale_array_elements_to_u64, it holds
+ * a double; after, it holds a uint64_t. */
+typedef union u64_dbl_t {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  double dbl;
+} u64_dbl_t;
+
+int choose_array_element_by_weight(const u64_dbl_t *entries, int n_entries);
+void scale_array_elements_to_u64(u64_dbl_t *entries, int n_entries,
+                                 uint64_t *total_out);
+#endif
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/or/routerparse.c b/src/or/routerparse.c
index 3ff887c3ca..01f65f262b 100644
--- a/src/or/routerparse.c
+++ b/src/or/routerparse.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "or.h"
 #include "config.h"
-#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
 #include "policies.h"
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 /****************************************************************************/
 
 /** Enumeration of possible token types.  The ones starting with K_ correspond
- * to directory 'keywords'. _ERR is an error in the tokenizing process, _EOF
- * is an end-of-file marker, and _NIL is used to encode not-a-token.
+ * to directory 'keywords'. ERR_ is an error in the tokenizing process, EOF_
+ * is an end-of-file marker, and NIL_ is used to encode not-a-token.
  */
 typedef enum {
   K_ACCEPT = 0,
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ typedef enum {
   K_SIGNED_DIRECTORY,
   K_SIGNING_KEY,
   K_ONION_KEY,
+  K_ONION_KEY_NTOR,
   K_ROUTER_SIGNATURE,
   K_PUBLISHED,
   K_RUNNING_ROUTERS,
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ typedef enum {
   K_SERVER_VERSIONS,
   K_OR_ADDRESS,
   K_P,
+  K_P6,
   K_R,
+  K_A,
   K_S,
   K_V,
   K_W,
@@ -76,6 +79,7 @@ typedef enum {
   K_CACHES_EXTRA_INFO,
   K_HIDDEN_SERVICE_DIR,
   K_ALLOW_SINGLE_HOP_EXITS,
+  K_IPV6_POLICY,
 
   K_DIRREQ_END,
   K_DIRREQ_V2_IPS,
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ typedef enum {
 
   A_PURPOSE,
   A_LAST_LISTED,
-  _A_UNKNOWN,
+  A_UNKNOWN_,
 
   R_RENDEZVOUS_SERVICE_DESCRIPTOR,
   R_VERSION,
@@ -151,13 +155,13 @@ typedef enum {
   C_DESCRIPTOR_COOKIE,
   C_CLIENT_KEY,
 
-  _ERR,
-  _EOF,
-  _NIL
+  ERR_,
+  EOF_,
+  NIL_
 } directory_keyword;
 
 #define MIN_ANNOTATION A_PURPOSE
-#define MAX_ANNOTATION _A_UNKNOWN
+#define MAX_ANNOTATION A_UNKNOWN_
 
 /** Structure to hold a single directory token.
  *
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ typedef struct directory_token_t {
 
   crypto_pk_t *key;        /**< For public keys only.  Heap-allocated. */
 
-  char *error;                 /**< For _ERR tokens only. */
+  char *error;                 /**< For ERR_ tokens only. */
 } directory_token_t;
 
 /* ********************************************************************** */
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ typedef struct token_rule_t {
  */
 
 /** Appears to indicate the end of a table. */
-#define END_OF_TABLE { NULL, _NIL, 0,0,0, NO_OBJ, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
+#define END_OF_TABLE { NULL, NIL_, 0,0,0, NO_OBJ, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
 /** An item with no restrictions: used for obsolete document types */
 #define T(s,t,a,o)    { s, t, a, o, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
 /** An item with no restrictions on multiplicity or location. */
@@ -270,8 +274,10 @@ static token_rule_t routerdesc_token_table[] = {
   T0N("reject6",             K_REJECT6,             ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
   T0N("accept6",             K_ACCEPT6,             ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
   T1_START( "router",        K_ROUTER,              GE(5),   NO_OBJ ),
+  T01("ipv6-policy",         K_IPV6_POLICY,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ),
   T1( "signing-key",         K_SIGNING_KEY,         NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024 ),
   T1( "onion-key",           K_ONION_KEY,           NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024 ),
+  T01("ntor-onion-key",      K_ONION_KEY_NTOR,      GE(1), NO_OBJ ),
   T1_END( "router-signature",    K_ROUTER_SIGNATURE,    NO_ARGS, NEED_OBJ ),
   T1( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
   T01("uptime",              K_UPTIME,              GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
@@ -338,6 +344,7 @@ static token_rule_t extrainfo_token_table[] = {
 static token_rule_t rtrstatus_token_table[] = {
   T01("p",                   K_P,               CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
   T1( "r",                   K_R,                   GE(7),   NO_OBJ ),
+  T0N("a",                   K_A,                   GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
   T1( "s",                   K_S,                   ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
   T01("v",                   K_V,               CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
   T01("w",                   K_W,                   ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
@@ -371,25 +378,6 @@ static token_rule_t dir_footer_token_table[] = {
   END_OF_TABLE
 };
 
-/** List of tokens recognized in v1 directory headers/footers. */
-static token_rule_t dir_token_table[] = {
-  /* don't enforce counts; this is obsolete. */
-  T( "network-status",      K_NETWORK_STATUS,      NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "directory-signature", K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE, ARGS,    NEED_OBJ ),
-  T( "recommended-software",K_RECOMMENDED_SOFTWARE,CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "signed-directory",    K_SIGNED_DIRECTORY,    NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-
-  T( "running-routers",     K_RUNNING_ROUTERS,     ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "router-status",       K_ROUTER_STATUS,       ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
-  T( "contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-  T( "dir-signing-key",     K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY,     ARGS,    OBJ_OK ),
-  T( "fingerprint",         K_FINGERPRINT,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
-
-  END_OF_TABLE
-};
-
 /** List of tokens common to V3 authority certificates and V3 consensuses. */
 #define CERTIFICATE_MEMBERS                                                  \
   T1("dir-key-certificate-version", K_DIR_KEY_CERTIFICATE_VERSION,           \
@@ -522,8 +510,11 @@ static token_rule_t networkstatus_detached_signature_token_table[] = {
 /** List of tokens recognized in microdescriptors */
 static token_rule_t microdesc_token_table[] = {
   T1_START("onion-key",        K_ONION_KEY,        NO_ARGS,     NEED_KEY_1024),
+  T01("ntor-onion-key",        K_ONION_KEY_NTOR,   GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
+  T0N("a",                     K_A,                GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
   T01("family",                K_FAMILY,           ARGS,        NO_OBJ ),
   T01("p",                     K_P,                CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
+  T01("p6",                    K_P6,               CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
   A01("@last-listed",          A_LAST_LISTED,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
   END_OF_TABLE
 };
@@ -532,7 +523,8 @@ static token_rule_t microdesc_token_table[] = {
 
 /* static function prototypes */
 static int router_add_exit_policy(routerinfo_t *router,directory_token_t *tok);
-static addr_policy_t *router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok);
+static addr_policy_t *router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok,
+                                               unsigned fmt_flags);
 static addr_policy_t *router_parse_addr_policy_private(directory_token_t *tok);
 
 static int router_get_hash_impl(const char *s, size_t s_len, char *digest,
@@ -546,10 +538,10 @@ static int router_get_hashes_impl(const char *s, size_t s_len,
 static void token_clear(directory_token_t *tok);
 static smartlist_t *find_all_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s, directory_keyword k);
 static smartlist_t *find_all_exitpolicy(smartlist_t *s);
-static directory_token_t *_find_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s,
+static directory_token_t *find_by_keyword_(smartlist_t *s,
                                            directory_keyword keyword,
                                            const char *keyword_str);
-#define find_by_keyword(s, keyword) _find_by_keyword((s), (keyword), #keyword)
+#define find_by_keyword(s, keyword) find_by_keyword_((s), (keyword), #keyword)
 static directory_token_t *find_opt_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s,
                                               directory_keyword keyword);
 
@@ -573,7 +565,6 @@ static int check_signature_token(const char *digest,
                                  crypto_pk_t *pkey,
                                  int flags,
                                  const char *doctype);
-static crypto_pk_t *find_dir_signing_key(const char *str, const char *eos);
 
 #undef DEBUG_AREA_ALLOC
 
@@ -671,18 +662,6 @@ router_get_networkstatus_v3_hashes(const char *s, digests_t *digests)
                                 ' ');
 }
 
-/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the network-status
- * string in <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
-int
-router_get_networkstatus_v3_hash(const char *s, char *digest,
-                                 digest_algorithm_t alg)
-{
-  return router_get_hash_impl(s, strlen(s), digest,
-                              "network-status-version",
-                              "\ndirectory-signature",
-                              ' ', alg);
-}
-
 /** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the <b>s_len</b>-byte
  * extrainfo string at <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
 int
@@ -693,19 +672,23 @@ router_get_extrainfo_hash(const char *s, size_t s_len, char *digest)
 }
 
 /** Helper: used to generate signatures for routers, directories and
- * network-status objects.  Given a digest in <b>digest</b> and a secret
- * <b>private_key</b>, generate an PKCS1-padded signature, BASE64-encode it,
- * surround it with -----BEGIN/END----- pairs, and write it to the
- * <b>buf_len</b>-byte buffer at <b>buf</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on
- * failure.
+ * network-status objects.  Given a <b>digest_len</b>-byte digest in
+ * <b>digest</b> and a secret <b>private_key</b>, generate an PKCS1-padded
+ * signature, BASE64-encode it, surround it with -----BEGIN/END----- pairs,
+ * and return the new signature on success or NULL on failure.
  */
-int
-router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len, const char *digest,
-                               size_t digest_len, crypto_pk_t *private_key)
+char *
+router_get_dirobj_signature(const char *digest,
+                            size_t digest_len,
+                            crypto_pk_t *private_key)
 {
   char *signature;
   size_t i, keysize;
   int siglen;
+  char *buf = NULL;
+  size_t buf_len;
+  /* overestimate of BEGIN/END lines total len. */
+#define BEGIN_END_OVERHEAD_LEN 64
 
   keysize = crypto_pk_keysize(private_key);
   signature = tor_malloc(keysize);
@@ -715,7 +698,12 @@ router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len, const char *digest,
     log_warn(LD_BUG,"Couldn't sign digest.");
     goto err;
   }
-  if (strlcat(buf, "-----BEGIN SIGNATURE-----\n", buf_len) >= buf_len)
+
+  /* The *2 here is a ridiculous overestimate of base-64 overhead. */
+  buf_len = (siglen * 2) + BEGIN_END_OVERHEAD_LEN;
+  buf = tor_malloc(buf_len);
+
+  if (strlcpy(buf, "-----BEGIN SIGNATURE-----\n", buf_len) >= buf_len)
     goto truncated;
 
   i = strlen(buf);
@@ -728,13 +716,42 @@ router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len, const char *digest,
     goto truncated;
 
   tor_free(signature);
-  return 0;
+  return buf;
 
  truncated:
   log_warn(LD_BUG,"tried to exceed string length.");
  err:
   tor_free(signature);
-  return -1;
+  tor_free(buf);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Helper: used to generate signatures for routers, directories and
+ * network-status objects.  Given a digest in <b>digest</b> and a secret
+ * <b>private_key</b>, generate an PKCS1-padded signature, BASE64-encode it,
+ * surround it with -----BEGIN/END----- pairs, and write it to the
+ * <b>buf_len</b>-byte buffer at <b>buf</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on
+ * failure.
+ */
+int
+router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len, const char *digest,
+                               size_t digest_len, crypto_pk_t *private_key)
+{
+  size_t sig_len, s_len;
+  char *sig = router_get_dirobj_signature(digest, digest_len, private_key);
+  if (!sig) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "No signature generated");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  sig_len = strlen(sig);
+  s_len = strlen(buf);
+  if (sig_len + s_len + 1 > buf_len) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Not enough room for signature");
+    tor_free(sig);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  memcpy(buf+s_len, sig, sig_len+1);
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /** Return VS_RECOMMENDED if <b>myversion</b> is contained in
@@ -816,218 +833,6 @@ tor_version_is_obsolete(const char *myversion, const char *versionlist)
   return ret;
 }
 
-/** Read a signed directory from <b>str</b>.  If it's well-formed, return 0.
- * Otherwise, return -1.  If we're a directory cache, cache it.
- */
-int
-router_parse_directory(const char *str)
-{
-  directory_token_t *tok;
-  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-  time_t published_on;
-  int r;
-  const char *end, *cp, *str_dup = str;
-  smartlist_t *tokens = NULL;
-  crypto_pk_t *declared_key = NULL;
-  memarea_t *area = memarea_new();
-
-  /* XXXX This could be simplified a lot, but it will all go away
-   * once pre-0.1.1.8 is obsolete, and for now it's better not to
-   * touch it. */
-
-  if (router_get_dir_hash(str, digest)) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to compute digest of directory");
-    goto err;
-  }
-  log_debug(LD_DIR,"Received directory hashes to %s",hex_str(digest,4));
-
-  /* Check signature first, before we try to tokenize. */
-  cp = str;
-  while (cp && (end = strstr(cp+1, "\ndirectory-signature")))
-    cp = end;
-  if (cp == str || !cp) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "No signature found on directory."); goto err;
-  }
-  ++cp;
-  tokens = smartlist_new();
-  if (tokenize_string(area,cp,strchr(cp,'\0'),tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing directory signature"); goto err;
-  }
-  if (smartlist_len(tokens) != 1) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unexpected number of tokens in signature"); goto err;
-  }
-  tok=smartlist_get(tokens,0);
-  if (tok->tp != K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR,"Expected a single directory signature"); goto err;
-  }
-  declared_key = find_dir_signing_key(str, str+strlen(str));
-  note_crypto_pk_op(VERIFY_DIR);
-  if (check_signature_token(digest, DIGEST_LEN, tok, declared_key,
-                            CST_CHECK_AUTHORITY, "directory")<0)
-    goto err;
-
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_clear(t));
-  smartlist_clear(tokens);
-  memarea_clear(area);
-
-  /* Now try to parse the first part of the directory. */
-  if ((end = strstr(str,"\nrouter "))) {
-    ++end;
-  } else if ((end = strstr(str, "\ndirectory-signature"))) {
-    ++end;
-  } else {
-    end = str + strlen(str);
-  }
-
-  if (tokenize_string(area,str,end,tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing directory"); goto err;
-  }
-
-  tok = find_by_keyword(tokens, K_PUBLISHED);
-  tor_assert(tok->n_args == 1);
-
-  if (parse_iso_time(tok->args[0], &published_on) < 0) {
-     goto err;
-  }
-
-  /* Now that we know the signature is okay, and we have a
-   * publication time, cache the directory. */
-  if (directory_caches_v1_dir_info(get_options()) &&
-      !authdir_mode_v1(get_options()))
-    dirserv_set_cached_directory(str, published_on, 0);
-
-  r = 0;
-  goto done;
- err:
-  dump_desc(str_dup, "v1 directory");
-  r = -1;
- done:
-  if (declared_key) crypto_pk_free(declared_key);
-  if (tokens) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_clear(t));
-    smartlist_free(tokens);
-  }
-  if (area) {
-    DUMP_AREA(area, "v1 directory");
-    memarea_drop_all(area);
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Read a signed router status statement from <b>str</b>.  If it's
- * well-formed, return 0.  Otherwise, return -1.  If we're a directory cache,
- * cache it.*/
-int
-router_parse_runningrouters(const char *str)
-{
-  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
-  directory_token_t *tok;
-  time_t published_on;
-  int r = -1;
-  crypto_pk_t *declared_key = NULL;
-  smartlist_t *tokens = NULL;
-  const char *eos = str + strlen(str), *str_dup = str;
-  memarea_t *area = NULL;
-
-  if (router_get_runningrouters_hash(str, digest)) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to compute digest of running-routers");
-    goto err;
-  }
-  area = memarea_new();
-  tokens = smartlist_new();
-  if (tokenize_string(area,str,eos,tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing running-routers"); goto err;
-  }
-  tok = smartlist_get(tokens,0);
-  if (tok->tp != K_NETWORK_STATUS) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Network-status starts with wrong token");
-    goto err;
-  }
-
-  tok = find_by_keyword(tokens, K_PUBLISHED);
-  tor_assert(tok->n_args == 1);
-  if (parse_iso_time(tok->args[0], &published_on) < 0) {
-     goto err;
-  }
-  if (!(tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE))) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Missing signature on running-routers");
-    goto err;
-  }
-  declared_key = find_dir_signing_key(str, eos);
-  note_crypto_pk_op(VERIFY_DIR);
-  if (check_signature_token(digest, DIGEST_LEN, tok, declared_key,
-                            CST_CHECK_AUTHORITY, "running-routers")
-      < 0)
-    goto err;
-
-  /* Now that we know the signature is okay, and we have a
-   * publication time, cache the list. */
-  if (get_options()->DirPort_set && !authdir_mode_v1(get_options()))
-    dirserv_set_cached_directory(str, published_on, 1);
-
-  r = 0;
- err:
-  dump_desc(str_dup, "v1 running-routers");
-  if (declared_key) crypto_pk_free(declared_key);
-  if (tokens) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_clear(t));
-    smartlist_free(tokens);
-  }
-  if (area) {
-    DUMP_AREA(area, "v1 running-routers");
-    memarea_drop_all(area);
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-/** Given a directory or running-routers string in <b>str</b>, try to
- * find the its dir-signing-key token (if any).  If this token is
- * present, extract and return the key.  Return NULL on failure. */
-static crypto_pk_t *
-find_dir_signing_key(const char *str, const char *eos)
-{
-  const char *cp;
-  directory_token_t *tok;
-  crypto_pk_t *key = NULL;
-  memarea_t *area = NULL;
-  tor_assert(str);
-  tor_assert(eos);
-
-  /* Is there a dir-signing-key in the directory? */
-  cp = tor_memstr(str, eos-str, "\nopt dir-signing-key");
-  if (!cp)
-    cp = tor_memstr(str, eos-str, "\ndir-signing-key");
-  if (!cp)
-    return NULL;
-  ++cp; /* Now cp points to the start of the token. */
-
-  area = memarea_new();
-  tok = get_next_token(area, &cp, eos, dir_token_table);
-  if (!tok) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unparseable dir-signing-key token");
-    goto done;
-  }
-  if (tok->tp != K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY) {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Dir-signing-key token did not parse as expected");
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  if (tok->key) {
-    key = tok->key;
-    tok->key = NULL; /* steal reference. */
-  } else {
-    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Dir-signing-key token contained no key");
-  }
-
- done:
-  if (tok) token_clear(tok);
-  if (area) {
-    DUMP_AREA(area, "dir-signing-key token");
-    memarea_drop_all(area);
-  }
-  return key;
-}
-
 /** Return true iff <b>key</b> is allowed to sign directories.
  */
 static int
@@ -1250,13 +1055,50 @@ dump_distinct_digest_count(int severity)
 #ifdef COUNT_DISTINCT_DIGESTS
   if (!verified_digests)
     verified_digests = digestmap_new();
-  log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "%d *distinct* router digests verified",
+  tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "%d *distinct* router digests verified",
       digestmap_size(verified_digests));
 #else
   (void)severity; /* suppress "unused parameter" warning */
 #endif
 }
 
+/** Try to find an IPv6 OR port in <b>list</b> of directory_token_t's
+ * with at least one argument (use GE(1) in setup). If found, store
+ * address and port number to <b>addr_out</b> and
+ * <b>port_out</b>. Return number of OR ports found. */
+static int
+find_single_ipv6_orport(const smartlist_t *list,
+                        tor_addr_t *addr_out,
+                        uint16_t *port_out)
+{
+  int ret = 0;
+  tor_assert(list != NULL);
+  tor_assert(addr_out != NULL);
+  tor_assert(port_out != NULL);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(list, directory_token_t *, t) {
+    tor_addr_t a;
+    maskbits_t bits;
+    uint16_t port_min, port_max;
+    tor_assert(t->n_args >= 1);
+    /* XXXX Prop186 the full spec allows much more than this. */
+    if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(t->args[0], 0,
+                                  &a, &bits, &port_min,
+                                  &port_max) == AF_INET6 &&
+        bits == 128 &&
+        port_min == port_max) {
+      /* Okay, this is one we can understand. Use it and ignore
+         any potential more addresses in list. */
+      tor_addr_copy(addr_out, &a);
+      *port_out = port_min;
+      ret = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 /** Helper function: reads a single router entry from *<b>s</b> ...
  * *<b>end</b>.  Mallocs a new router and returns it if all goes well, else
  * returns NULL.  If <b>cache_copy</b> is true, duplicate the contents of
@@ -1471,6 +1313,17 @@ router_parse_entry_from_string(const char *s, const char *end,
   router->onion_pkey = tok->key;
   tok->key = NULL; /* Prevent free */
 
+  if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_ONION_KEY_NTOR))) {
+    curve25519_public_key_t k;
+    tor_assert(tok->n_args >= 1);
+    if (curve25519_public_from_base64(&k, tok->args[0]) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_DIR, "Bogus ntor-onion-key in routerinfo");
+      goto err;
+    }
+    router->onion_curve25519_pkey =
+      tor_memdup(&k, sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+  }
+
   tok = find_by_keyword(tokens, K_SIGNING_KEY);
   router->identity_pkey = tok->key;
   tok->key = NULL; /* Prevent free */
@@ -1513,21 +1366,8 @@ router_parse_entry_from_string(const char *s, const char *end,
   {
     smartlist_t *or_addresses = find_all_by_keyword(tokens, K_OR_ADDRESS);
     if (or_addresses) {
-      SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(or_addresses, directory_token_t *, t) {
-        tor_addr_t a;
-        maskbits_t bits;
-        uint16_t port_min, port_max;
-        /* XXXX Prop186 the full spec allows much more than this. */
-        if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(t->args[0], &a, &bits, &port_min,
-                                      &port_max) == AF_INET6 &&
-            bits == 128 &&
-            port_min == port_max) {
-          /* Okay, this is one we can understand. */
-          tor_addr_copy(&router->ipv6_addr, &a);
-          router->ipv6_orport = port_min;
-          break;
-        }
-      } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
+      find_single_ipv6_orport(or_addresses, &router->ipv6_addr,
+                              &router->ipv6_orport);
       smartlist_free(or_addresses);
     }
   }
@@ -1542,7 +1382,18 @@ router_parse_entry_from_string(const char *s, const char *end,
                       goto err;
                     });
   policy_expand_private(&router->exit_policy);
-  if (policy_is_reject_star(router->exit_policy))
+
+  if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_IPV6_POLICY)) && tok->n_args) {
+    router->ipv6_exit_policy = parse_short_policy(tok->args[0]);
+    if (! router->ipv6_exit_policy) {
+      log_warn(LD_DIR , "Error in ipv6-policy %s", escaped(tok->args[0]));
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (policy_is_reject_star(router->exit_policy, AF_INET) &&
+      (!router->ipv6_exit_policy ||
+       short_policy_is_reject_star(router->ipv6_exit_policy)))
     router->policy_is_reject_star = 1;
 
   if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_FAMILY)) && tok->n_args) {
@@ -1669,7 +1520,7 @@ extrainfo_parse_entry_from_string(const char *s, const char *end,
   extrainfo = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(extrainfo_t));
   extrainfo->cache_info.is_extrainfo = 1;
   if (cache_copy)
-    extrainfo->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body = tor_strndup(s, end-s);
+    extrainfo->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body = tor_memdup_nulterm(s,end-s);
   extrainfo->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len = end-s;
   memcpy(extrainfo->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 
@@ -2060,6 +1911,14 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
   rs->dir_port = (uint16_t) tor_parse_long(tok->args[7+offset],
                                            10,0,65535,NULL,NULL);
 
+  {
+    smartlist_t *a_lines = find_all_by_keyword(tokens, K_A);
+    if (a_lines) {
+      find_single_ipv6_orport(a_lines, &rs->ipv6_addr, &rs->ipv6_orport);
+      smartlist_free(a_lines);
+    }
+  }
+
   tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_S);
   if (tok && vote) {
     int i;
@@ -2067,7 +1926,7 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
     for (i=0; i < tok->n_args; ++i) {
       int p = smartlist_string_pos(vote->known_flags, tok->args[i]);
       if (p >= 0) {
-        vote_rs->flags |= (1<<p);
+        vote_rs->flags |= (U64_LITERAL(1)<<p);
       } else {
         log_warn(LD_DIR, "Flags line had a flag %s not listed in known_flags.",
                  escaped(tok->args[i]));
@@ -2112,24 +1971,15 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
     tor_assert(tok->n_args == 1);
     rs->version_known = 1;
     if (strcmpstart(tok->args[0], "Tor ")) {
-      rs->version_supports_begindir = 1;
-      rs->version_supports_extrainfo_upload = 1;
-      rs->version_supports_conditional_consensus = 1;
       rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache = 1;
       rs->version_supports_optimistic_data = 1;
     } else {
-      rs->version_supports_begindir =
-        tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.0.1-alpha");
-      rs->version_supports_extrainfo_upload =
-        tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.0.0-alpha-dev (r10070)");
-      rs->version_supports_v3_dir =
-        tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.0.8-alpha");
-      rs->version_supports_conditional_consensus =
-        tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.1.1-alpha");
       rs->version_supports_microdesc_cache =
         tor_version_supports_microdescriptors(tok->args[0]);
       rs->version_supports_optimistic_data =
         tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.3.1-alpha");
+      rs->version_supports_extend2_cells =
+        tor_version_as_new_as(tok->args[0], "0.2.4.8-alpha");
     }
     if (vote_rs) {
       vote_rs->version = tor_strdup(tok->args[0]);
@@ -2142,17 +1992,18 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
     for (i=0; i < tok->n_args; ++i) {
       if (!strcmpstart(tok->args[i], "Bandwidth=")) {
         int ok;
-        rs->bandwidth = (uint32_t)tor_parse_ulong(strchr(tok->args[i], '=')+1,
-                                                  10, 0, UINT32_MAX,
-                                                  &ok, NULL);
+        rs->bandwidth_kb =
+          (uint32_t)tor_parse_ulong(strchr(tok->args[i], '=')+1,
+                                    10, 0, UINT32_MAX,
+                                    &ok, NULL);
         if (!ok) {
           log_warn(LD_DIR, "Invalid Bandwidth %s", escaped(tok->args[i]));
           goto err;
         }
         rs->has_bandwidth = 1;
-      } else if (!strcmpstart(tok->args[i], "Measured=")) {
+      } else if (!strcmpstart(tok->args[i], "Measured=") && vote_rs) {
         int ok;
-        rs->measured_bw =
+        vote_rs->measured_bw_kb =
             (uint32_t)tor_parse_ulong(strchr(tok->args[i], '=')+1,
                                       10, 0, UINT32_MAX, &ok, NULL);
         if (!ok) {
@@ -2160,7 +2011,10 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
                    escaped(tok->args[i]));
           goto err;
         }
-        rs->has_measured_bw = 1;
+        vote_rs->has_measured_bw = 1;
+        vote->has_measured_bws = 1;
+      } else if (!strcmpstart(tok->args[i], "Unmeasured=1")) {
+        rs->bw_is_unmeasured = 1;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -2203,7 +2057,7 @@ routerstatus_parse_entry_from_string(memarea_t *area,
       }
     } else {
       log_info(LD_BUG, "Found an entry in networkstatus with no "
-               "microdescriptor digest. (Router %s=%s at %s:%d.)",
+               "microdescriptor digest. (Router %s ($%s) at %s:%d.)",
                rs->nickname, hex_str(rs->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN),
                fmt_addr32(rs->addr), rs->or_port);
     }
@@ -2238,9 +2092,17 @@ compare_routerstatus_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b)
   return fast_memcmp(a->identity_digest, b->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 }
 
+int
+compare_vote_routerstatus_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+{
+  const vote_routerstatus_t *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
+  return fast_memcmp(a->status.identity_digest, b->status.identity_digest,
+                     DIGEST_LEN);
+}
+
 /** Helper: used in call to _smartlist_uniq to clear out duplicate entries. */
 static void
-_free_duplicate_routerstatus_entry(void *e)
+free_duplicate_routerstatus_entry_(void *e)
 {
   log_warn(LD_DIR,
            "Network-status has two entries for the same router. "
@@ -2381,7 +2243,7 @@ networkstatus_v2_parse_from_string(const char *s)
   }
   smartlist_sort(ns->entries, compare_routerstatus_entries);
   smartlist_uniq(ns->entries, compare_routerstatus_entries,
-                 _free_duplicate_routerstatus_entry);
+                 free_duplicate_routerstatus_entry_);
 
   if (tokenize_string(area,s, NULL, footer_tokens, dir_footer_token_table,0)) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing network-status footer.");
@@ -2422,7 +2284,7 @@ networkstatus_v2_parse_from_string(const char *s)
 
 /** Verify the bandwidth weights of a network status document */
 int
-networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns)
+networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns, int consensus_method)
 {
   int64_t weight_scale;
   int64_t G=0, M=0, E=0, D=0, T=0;
@@ -2431,7 +2293,7 @@ networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns)
   const char *casename = NULL;
   int valid = 1;
 
-  weight_scale = circuit_build_times_get_bw_scale(ns);
+  weight_scale = networkstatus_get_weight_scale_param(ns);
   Wgg = networkstatus_get_bw_weight(ns, "Wgg", -1);
   Wgm = networkstatus_get_bw_weight(ns, "Wgm", -1);
   Wgd = networkstatus_get_bw_weight(ns, "Wgd", -1);
@@ -2508,24 +2370,31 @@ networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns)
 
   // Then, gather G, M, E, D, T to determine case
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(ns->routerstatus_list, routerstatus_t *, rs) {
+    int is_exit = 0;
+    if (consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CUT_BADEXIT_WEIGHT) {
+      /* Bug #2203: Don't count bad exits as exits for balancing */
+      is_exit = rs->is_exit && !rs->is_bad_exit;
+    } else {
+      is_exit = rs->is_exit;
+    }
     if (rs->has_bandwidth) {
-      T += rs->bandwidth;
-      if (rs->is_exit && rs->is_possible_guard) {
-        D += rs->bandwidth;
-        Gtotal += Wgd*rs->bandwidth;
-        Mtotal += Wmd*rs->bandwidth;
-        Etotal += Wed*rs->bandwidth;
-      } else if (rs->is_exit) {
-        E += rs->bandwidth;
-        Mtotal += Wme*rs->bandwidth;
-        Etotal += Wee*rs->bandwidth;
+      T += rs->bandwidth_kb;
+      if (is_exit && rs->is_possible_guard) {
+        D += rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Gtotal += Wgd*rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Mtotal += Wmd*rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Etotal += Wed*rs->bandwidth_kb;
+      } else if (is_exit) {
+        E += rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Mtotal += Wme*rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Etotal += Wee*rs->bandwidth_kb;
       } else if (rs->is_possible_guard) {
-        G += rs->bandwidth;
-        Gtotal += Wgg*rs->bandwidth;
-        Mtotal += Wmg*rs->bandwidth;
+        G += rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Gtotal += Wgg*rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Mtotal += Wmg*rs->bandwidth_kb;
       } else {
-        M += rs->bandwidth;
-        Mtotal += Wmm*rs->bandwidth;
+        M += rs->bandwidth_kb;
+        Mtotal += Wmm*rs->bandwidth_kb;
       }
     } else {
       log_warn(LD_BUG, "Missing consensus bandwidth for router %s",
@@ -2981,6 +2850,16 @@ networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(const char *s, const char **eos_out,
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "known-flags not in order");
     goto err;
   }
+  if (ns->type != NS_TYPE_CONSENSUS &&
+      smartlist_len(ns->known_flags) > MAX_KNOWN_FLAGS_IN_VOTE) {
+    /* If we allowed more than 64 flags in votes, then parsing them would make
+     * us invoke undefined behavior whenever we used 1<<flagnum to do a
+     * bit-shift. This is only for votes and opinions: consensus users don't
+     * care about flags they don't recognize, and so don't build a bitfield
+     * for them. */
+    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Too many known-flags in consensus vote or opinion");
+    goto err;
+  }
 
   tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_PARAMS);
   if (tok) {
@@ -3607,6 +3486,10 @@ networkstatus_parse_detached_signatures(const char *s, const char *eos)
 /** Parse the addr policy in the string <b>s</b> and return it.  If
  * assume_action is nonnegative, then insert its action (ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT or
  * ADDR_POLICY_REJECT) for items that specify no action.
+ *
+ * The addr_policy_t returned by this function can have its address set to
+ * AF_UNSPEC for '*'.  Use policy_expand_unspec() to turn this into a pair
+ * of AF_INET and AF_INET6 items.
  */
 addr_policy_t *
 router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string(const char *s, int assume_action)
@@ -3636,7 +3519,7 @@ router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string(const char *s, int assume_action)
   eos = cp + strlen(cp);
   area = memarea_new();
   tok = get_next_token(area, &cp, eos, routerdesc_token_table);
-  if (tok->tp == _ERR) {
+  if (tok->tp == ERR_) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error reading address policy: %s", tok->error);
     goto err;
   }
@@ -3646,7 +3529,7 @@ router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string(const char *s, int assume_action)
     goto err;
   }
 
-  r = router_parse_addr_policy(tok);
+  r = router_parse_addr_policy(tok, TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR);
   goto done;
  err:
   r = NULL;
@@ -3665,7 +3548,7 @@ static int
 router_add_exit_policy(routerinfo_t *router, directory_token_t *tok)
 {
   addr_policy_t *newe;
-  newe = router_parse_addr_policy(tok);
+  newe = router_parse_addr_policy(tok, 0);
   if (!newe)
     return -1;
   if (! router->exit_policy)
@@ -3690,7 +3573,7 @@ router_add_exit_policy(routerinfo_t *router, directory_token_t *tok)
 /** Given a K_ACCEPT or K_REJECT token and a router, create and return
  * a new exit_policy_t corresponding to the token. */
 static addr_policy_t *
-router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok)
+router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok, unsigned fmt_flags)
 {
   addr_policy_t newe;
   char *arg;
@@ -3712,7 +3595,7 @@ router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok)
   else
     newe.policy_type = ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT;
 
-  if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(arg, &newe.addr, &newe.maskbits,
+  if (tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(arg, fmt_flags, &newe.addr, &newe.maskbits,
                                 &newe.prt_min, &newe.prt_max) < 0) {
     log_warn(LD_DIR,"Couldn't parse line %s. Dropping", escaped(arg));
     return NULL;
@@ -3789,14 +3672,14 @@ token_clear(directory_token_t *tok)
   STMT_BEGIN                                                       \
     if (tok) token_clear(tok);                                      \
     tok = ALLOC_ZERO(sizeof(directory_token_t));                   \
-    tok->tp = _ERR;                                                \
+    tok->tp = ERR_;                                                \
     tok->error = STRDUP(msg);                                      \
     goto done_tokenizing;                                          \
   STMT_END
 
 /** Helper: make sure that the token <b>tok</b> with keyword <b>kwd</b> obeys
  * the object syntax of <b>o_syn</b>.  Allocate all storage in <b>area</b>.
- * Return <b>tok</b> on success, or a new _ERR token if the token didn't
+ * Return <b>tok</b> on success, or a new ERR_ token if the token didn't
  * conform to the syntax we wanted.
  **/
 static INLINE directory_token_t *
@@ -3915,7 +3798,7 @@ get_next_token(memarea_t *area,
 
   tor_assert(area);
   tok = ALLOC_ZERO(sizeof(directory_token_t));
-  tok->tp = _ERR;
+  tok->tp = ERR_;
 
   /* Set *s to first token, eol to end-of-line, next to after first token */
   *s = eat_whitespace_eos(*s, eos); /* eat multi-line whitespace */
@@ -3972,10 +3855,10 @@ get_next_token(memarea_t *area,
     }
   }
 
-  if (tok->tp == _ERR) {
+  if (tok->tp == ERR_) {
     /* No keyword matched; call it an "K_opt" or "A_unrecognized" */
     if (**s == '@')
-      tok->tp = _A_UNKNOWN;
+      tok->tp = A_UNKNOWN_;
     else
       tok->tp = K_OPT;
     tok->args = ALLOC(sizeof(char*));
@@ -4014,7 +3897,7 @@ get_next_token(memarea_t *area,
   if ((size_t)(eol-next) != 9+obname_len+5 ||
       strcmp_len(next+9, tok->object_type, obname_len) ||
       strcmp_len(eol-5, "-----", 5)) {
-    snprintf(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf), "Malformed object: mismatched end tag %s",
+    tor_snprintf(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf), "Malformed object: mismatched end tag %s",
              tok->object_type);
     ebuf[sizeof(ebuf)-1] = '\0';
     RET_ERR(ebuf);
@@ -4065,23 +3948,30 @@ tokenize_string(memarea_t *area,
 {
   const char **s;
   directory_token_t *tok = NULL;
-  int counts[_NIL];
+  int counts[NIL_];
   int i;
   int first_nonannotation;
   int prev_len = smartlist_len(out);
   tor_assert(area);
 
   s = &start;
-  if (!end)
+  if (!end) {
     end = start+strlen(start);
-  for (i = 0; i < _NIL; ++i)
+  } else {
+    /* it's only meaningful to check for nuls if we got an end-of-string ptr */
+    if (memchr(start, '\0', end-start)) {
+      log_warn(LD_DIR, "parse error: internal NUL character.");
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < NIL_; ++i)
     counts[i] = 0;
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(out, const directory_token_t *, t, ++counts[t->tp]);
 
-  while (*s < end && (!tok || tok->tp != _EOF)) {
+  while (*s < end && (!tok || tok->tp != EOF_)) {
     tok = get_next_token(area, s, end, table);
-    if (tok->tp == _ERR) {
+    if (tok->tp == ERR_) {
       log_warn(LD_DIR, "parse error: %s", tok->error);
       token_clear(tok);
       return -1;
@@ -4171,7 +4061,7 @@ find_opt_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s, directory_keyword keyword)
  * with an assert if no such keyword is found.
  */
 static directory_token_t *
-_find_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s, directory_keyword keyword,
+find_by_keyword_(smartlist_t *s, directory_keyword keyword,
                  const char *keyword_as_string)
 {
   directory_token_t *tok = find_opt_by_keyword(s, keyword);
@@ -4259,8 +4149,8 @@ router_get_hash_impl_helper(const char *s, size_t s_len,
 
 /** Compute the digest of the substring of <b>s</b> taken from the first
  * occurrence of <b>start_str</b> through the first instance of c after the
- * first subsequent occurrence of <b>end_str</b>; store the 20-byte result in
- * <b>digest</b>; return 0 on success.
+ * first subsequent occurrence of <b>end_str</b>; store the 20-byte or 32-byte
+ * result in <b>digest</b>; return 0 on success.
  *
  * If no such substring exists, return -1.
  */
@@ -4363,12 +4253,17 @@ find_start_of_next_microdesc(const char *s, const char *eos)
 
 /** Parse as many microdescriptors as are found from the string starting at
  * <b>s</b> and ending at <b>eos</b>.  If allow_annotations is set, read any
- * annotations we recognize and ignore ones we don't.  If <b>copy_body</b> is
- * true, then strdup the bodies of the microdescriptors.  Return all newly
+ * annotations we recognize and ignore ones we don't.
+ *
+ * If <b>saved_location</b> isn't SAVED_IN_CACHE, make a local copy of each
+ * descriptor in the body field of each microdesc_t.
+ *
+ * Return all newly
  * parsed microdescriptors in a newly allocated smartlist_t. */
 smartlist_t *
 microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
-                             int allow_annotations, int copy_body)
+                             int allow_annotations,
+                             saved_location_t where)
 {
   smartlist_t *tokens;
   smartlist_t *result;
@@ -4377,6 +4272,7 @@ microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
   const char *start = s;
   const char *start_of_next_microdesc;
   int flags = allow_annotations ? TS_ANNOTATIONS_OK : 0;
+  const int copy_body = (where != SAVED_IN_CACHE);
 
   directory_token_t *tok;
 
@@ -4406,8 +4302,9 @@ microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
       tor_assert(cp);
 
       md->bodylen = start_of_next_microdesc - cp;
+      md->saved_location = where;
       if (copy_body)
-        md->body = tor_strndup(cp, md->bodylen);
+        md->body = tor_memdup_nulterm(cp, md->bodylen);
       else
         md->body = (char*)cp;
       md->off = cp - start;
@@ -4429,6 +4326,25 @@ microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
     md->onion_pkey = tok->key;
     tok->key = NULL;
 
+    if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_ONION_KEY_NTOR))) {
+      curve25519_public_key_t k;
+      tor_assert(tok->n_args >= 1);
+      if (curve25519_public_from_base64(&k, tok->args[0]) < 0) {
+        log_warn(LD_DIR, "Bogus ntor-onion-key in microdesc");
+        goto next;
+      }
+      md->onion_curve25519_pkey =
+        tor_memdup(&k, sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+    }
+
+    {
+      smartlist_t *a_lines = find_all_by_keyword(tokens, K_A);
+      if (a_lines) {
+        find_single_ipv6_orport(a_lines, &md->ipv6_addr, &md->ipv6_orport);
+        smartlist_free(a_lines);
+      }
+    }
+
     if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_FAMILY))) {
       int i;
       md->family = smartlist_new();
@@ -4445,6 +4361,9 @@ microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
     if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_P))) {
       md->exit_policy = parse_short_policy(tok->args[0]);
     }
+    if ((tok = find_opt_by_keyword(tokens, K_P6))) {
+      md->ipv6_exit_policy = parse_short_policy(tok->args[0]);
+    }
 
     crypto_digest256(md->digest, md->body, md->bodylen, DIGEST_SHA256);
 
@@ -4664,7 +4583,7 @@ tor_version_same_series(tor_version_t *a, tor_version_t *b)
  * if _a precedes _b, 1 if _b precedes _a, and 0 if they are equivalent.
  * Used to sort a list of versions. */
 static int
-_compare_tor_version_str_ptr(const void **_a, const void **_b)
+compare_tor_version_str_ptr_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 {
   const char *a = *_a, *b = *_b;
   int ca, cb;
@@ -4688,10 +4607,10 @@ _compare_tor_version_str_ptr(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 void
 sort_version_list(smartlist_t *versions, int remove_duplicates)
 {
-  smartlist_sort(versions, _compare_tor_version_str_ptr);
+  smartlist_sort(versions, compare_tor_version_str_ptr_);
 
   if (remove_duplicates)
-    smartlist_uniq(versions, _compare_tor_version_str_ptr, _tor_free);
+    smartlist_uniq(versions, compare_tor_version_str_ptr_, tor_free_);
 }
 
 /** Parse and validate the ASCII-encoded v2 descriptor in <b>desc</b>,
diff --git a/src/or/routerparse.h b/src/or/routerparse.h
index c6382a7f6b..eb2e885cb1 100644
--- a/src/or/routerparse.h
+++ b/src/or/routerparse.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -9,18 +9,19 @@
  * \brief Header file for routerparse.c.
  **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H
-#define _TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H
+#ifndef TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H
+#define TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H
 
 int router_get_router_hash(const char *s, size_t s_len, char *digest);
 int router_get_dir_hash(const char *s, char *digest);
 int router_get_runningrouters_hash(const char *s, char *digest);
 int router_get_networkstatus_v2_hash(const char *s, char *digest);
-int router_get_networkstatus_v3_hash(const char *s, char *digest,
-                                     digest_algorithm_t algorithm);
 int router_get_networkstatus_v3_hashes(const char *s, digests_t *digests);
 int router_get_extrainfo_hash(const char *s, size_t s_len, char *digest);
 #define DIROBJ_MAX_SIG_LEN 256
+char *router_get_dirobj_signature(const char *digest,
+                                  size_t digest_len,
+                                  crypto_pk_t *private_key);
 int router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
                                    const char *digest,
                                    size_t digest_len,
@@ -31,8 +32,6 @@ int router_parse_list_from_string(const char **s, const char *eos,
                                   int is_extrainfo,
                                   int allow_annotations,
                                   const char *prepend_annotations);
-int router_parse_runningrouters(const char *str);
-int router_parse_directory(const char *str);
 
 routerinfo_t *router_parse_entry_from_string(const char *s, const char *end,
                                              int cache_copy,
@@ -54,8 +53,9 @@ void assert_addr_policy_ok(smartlist_t *t);
 void dump_distinct_digest_count(int severity);
 
 int compare_routerstatus_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b);
+int compare_vote_routerstatus_entries(const void **_a, const void **_b);
 networkstatus_v2_t *networkstatus_v2_parse_from_string(const char *s);
-int networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns);
+int networkstatus_verify_bw_weights(networkstatus_t *ns, int);
 networkstatus_t *networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(const char *s,
                                                  const char **eos_out,
                                                  networkstatus_type_t ns_type);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ns_detached_signatures_t *networkstatus_parse_detached_signatures(
 
 smartlist_t *microdescs_parse_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
                                           int allow_annotations,
-                                          int copy_body);
+                                          saved_location_t where);
 
 authority_cert_t *authority_cert_parse_from_string(const char *s,
                                                    const char **end_of_string);
diff --git a/src/or/routerset.c b/src/or/routerset.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e41f7f6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/routerset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "geoip.h"
+#include "nodelist.h"
+#include "policies.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "routerparse.h"
+#include "routerset.h"
+
+/** A routerset specifies constraints on a set of possible routerinfos, based
+ * on their names, identities, or addresses.  It is optimized for determining
+ * whether a router is a member or not, in O(1+P) time, where P is the number
+ * of address policy constraints. */
+struct routerset_t {
+  /** A list of strings for the elements of the policy.  Each string is either
+   * a nickname, a hexadecimal identity fingerprint, or an address policy.  A
+   * router belongs to the set if its nickname OR its identity OR its address
+   * matches an entry here. */
+  smartlist_t *list;
+  /** A map from lowercase nicknames of routers in the set to (void*)1 */
+  strmap_t *names;
+  /** A map from identity digests routers in the set to (void*)1 */
+  digestmap_t *digests;
+  /** An address policy for routers in the set.  For implementation reasons,
+   * a router belongs to the set if it is _rejected_ by this policy. */
+  smartlist_t *policies;
+
+  /** A human-readable description of what this routerset is for.  Used in
+   * log messages. */
+  char *description;
+
+  /** A list of the country codes in this set. */
+  smartlist_t *country_names;
+  /** Total number of countries we knew about when we built <b>countries</b>.*/
+  int n_countries;
+  /** Bit array mapping the return value of geoip_get_country() to 1 iff the
+   * country is a member of this routerset.  Note that we MUST call
+   * routerset_refresh_countries() whenever the geoip country list is
+   * reloaded. */
+  bitarray_t *countries;
+};
+
+/** Return a new empty routerset. */
+routerset_t *
+routerset_new(void)
+{
+  routerset_t *result = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerset_t));
+  result->list = smartlist_new();
+  result->names = strmap_new();
+  result->digests = digestmap_new();
+  result->policies = smartlist_new();
+  result->country_names = smartlist_new();
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** If <b>c</b> is a country code in the form {cc}, return a newly allocated
+ * string holding the "cc" part.  Else, return NULL. */
+static char *
+routerset_get_countryname(const char *c)
+{
+  char *country;
+
+  if (strlen(c) < 4 || c[0] !='{' || c[3] !='}')
+    return NULL;
+
+  country = tor_strndup(c+1, 2);
+  tor_strlower(country);
+  return country;
+}
+
+/** Update the routerset's <b>countries</b> bitarray_t. Called whenever
+ * the GeoIP IPv4 database is reloaded.
+ */
+void
+routerset_refresh_countries(routerset_t *target)
+{
+  int cc;
+  bitarray_free(target->countries);
+
+  if (!geoip_is_loaded(AF_INET)) {
+    target->countries = NULL;
+    target->n_countries = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  target->n_countries = geoip_get_n_countries();
+  target->countries = bitarray_init_zero(target->n_countries);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(target->country_names, const char *, country) {
+    cc = geoip_get_country(country);
+    if (cc >= 0) {
+      tor_assert(cc < target->n_countries);
+      bitarray_set(target->countries, cc);
+    } else {
+      log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Country code '%s' is not recognized.",
+          country);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(country);
+}
+
+/** Parse the string <b>s</b> to create a set of routerset entries, and add
+ * them to <b>target</b>.  In log messages, refer to the string as
+ * <b>description</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ *
+ * Three kinds of elements are allowed in routersets: nicknames, IP address
+ * patterns, and fingerprints.  They may be surrounded by optional space, and
+ * must be separated by commas.
+ */
+int
+routerset_parse(routerset_t *target, const char *s, const char *description)
+{
+  int r = 0;
+  int added_countries = 0;
+  char *countryname;
+  smartlist_t *list = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_split_string(list, s, ",",
+                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE | SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, 0);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(list, char *, nick) {
+      addr_policy_t *p;
+      if (is_legal_hexdigest(nick)) {
+        char d[DIGEST_LEN];
+        if (*nick == '$')
+          ++nick;
+        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding identity %s to %s", nick, description);
+        base16_decode(d, sizeof(d), nick, HEX_DIGEST_LEN);
+        digestmap_set(target->digests, d, (void*)1);
+      } else if (is_legal_nickname(nick)) {
+        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding nickname %s to %s", nick, description);
+        strmap_set_lc(target->names, nick, (void*)1);
+      } else if ((countryname = routerset_get_countryname(nick)) != NULL) {
+        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding country %s to %s", nick,
+                  description);
+        smartlist_add(target->country_names, countryname);
+        added_countries = 1;
+      } else if ((strchr(nick,'.') || strchr(nick, '*')) &&
+                 (p = router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string(
+                                     nick, ADDR_POLICY_REJECT))) {
+        log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Adding address %s to %s", nick, description);
+        smartlist_add(target->policies, p);
+      } else {
+        log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Entry '%s' in %s is malformed.", nick,
+                 description);
+        r = -1;
+        tor_free(nick);
+        SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(list, nick);
+      }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(nick);
+  policy_expand_unspec(&target->policies);
+  smartlist_add_all(target->list, list);
+  smartlist_free(list);
+  if (added_countries)
+    routerset_refresh_countries(target);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Add all members of the set <b>source</b> to <b>target</b>. */
+void
+routerset_union(routerset_t *target, const routerset_t *source)
+{
+  char *s;
+  tor_assert(target);
+  if (!source || !source->list)
+    return;
+  s = routerset_to_string(source);
+  routerset_parse(target, s, "other routerset");
+  tor_free(s);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>set</b> lists only nicknames and digests, and includes
+ * no IP ranges or countries. */
+int
+routerset_is_list(const routerset_t *set)
+{
+  return smartlist_len(set->country_names) == 0 &&
+    smartlist_len(set->policies) == 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff we need a GeoIP IP-to-country database to make sense of
+ * <b>set</b>. */
+int
+routerset_needs_geoip(const routerset_t *set)
+{
+  return set && smartlist_len(set->country_names);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff there are no entries in <b>set</b>. */
+int
+routerset_is_empty(const routerset_t *set)
+{
+  return !set || smartlist_len(set->list) == 0;
+}
+
+/** Helper.  Return true iff <b>set</b> contains a router based on the other
+ * provided fields.  Return higher values for more specific subentries: a
+ * single router is more specific than an address range of routers, which is
+ * more specific in turn than a country code.
+ *
+ * (If country is -1, then we take the country
+ * from addr.) */
+static int
+routerset_contains(const routerset_t *set, const tor_addr_t *addr,
+                   uint16_t orport,
+                   const char *nickname, const char *id_digest,
+                   country_t country)
+{
+  if (!set || !set->list)
+    return 0;
+  if (nickname && strmap_get_lc(set->names, nickname))
+    return 4;
+  if (id_digest && digestmap_get(set->digests, id_digest))
+    return 4;
+  if (addr && compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(addr, orport, set->policies)
+      == ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED)
+    return 3;
+  if (set->countries) {
+    if (country < 0 && addr)
+      country = geoip_get_country_by_addr(addr);
+
+    if (country >= 0 && country < set->n_countries &&
+        bitarray_is_set(set->countries, country))
+      return 2;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** If *<b>setp</b> includes at least one country code, or if
+ * <b>only_some_cc_set</b> is 0, add the ?? and A1 country codes to
+ * *<b>setp</b>, creating it as needed.  Return true iff *<b>setp</b> changed.
+ */
+int
+routerset_add_unknown_ccs(routerset_t **setp, int only_if_some_cc_set)
+{
+  routerset_t *set;
+  int add_unknown, add_a1;
+  if (only_if_some_cc_set) {
+    if (!*setp || smartlist_len((*setp)->country_names) == 0)
+      return 0;
+  }
+  if (!*setp)
+    *setp = routerset_new();
+
+  set = *setp;
+
+  add_unknown = ! smartlist_contains_string_case(set->country_names, "??") &&
+    geoip_get_country("??") >= 0;
+  add_a1 = ! smartlist_contains_string_case(set->country_names, "a1") &&
+    geoip_get_country("A1") >= 0;
+
+  if (add_unknown) {
+    smartlist_add(set->country_names, tor_strdup("??"));
+    smartlist_add(set->list, tor_strdup("{??}"));
+  }
+  if (add_a1) {
+    smartlist_add(set->country_names, tor_strdup("a1"));
+    smartlist_add(set->list, tor_strdup("{a1}"));
+  }
+
+  if (add_unknown || add_a1) {
+    routerset_refresh_countries(set);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff we can tell that <b>ei</b> is a member of <b>set</b>. */
+int
+routerset_contains_extendinfo(const routerset_t *set, const extend_info_t *ei)
+{
+  return routerset_contains(set,
+                            &ei->addr,
+                            ei->port,
+                            ei->nickname,
+                            ei->identity_digest,
+                            -1 /*country*/);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>ri</b> is in <b>set</b>.  If country is <b>-1</b>, we
+ * look up the country. */
+int
+routerset_contains_router(const routerset_t *set, const routerinfo_t *ri,
+                          country_t country)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, ri->addr);
+  return routerset_contains(set,
+                            &addr,
+                            ri->or_port,
+                            ri->nickname,
+                            ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
+                            country);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>rs</b> is in <b>set</b>.  If country is <b>-1</b>, we
+ * look up the country. */
+int
+routerset_contains_routerstatus(const routerset_t *set,
+                                const routerstatus_t *rs,
+                                country_t country)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, rs->addr);
+  return routerset_contains(set,
+                            &addr,
+                            rs->or_port,
+                            rs->nickname,
+                            rs->identity_digest,
+                            country);
+}
+
+/** Return true iff <b>node</b> is in <b>set</b>. */
+int
+routerset_contains_node(const routerset_t *set, const node_t *node)
+{
+  if (node->rs)
+    return routerset_contains_routerstatus(set, node->rs, node->country);
+  else if (node->ri)
+    return routerset_contains_router(set, node->ri, node->country);
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/** Add every known node_t that is a member of <b>routerset</b> to
+ * <b>out</b>, but never add any that are part of <b>excludeset</b>.
+ * If <b>running_only</b>, only add the running ones. */
+void
+routerset_get_all_nodes(smartlist_t *out, const routerset_t *routerset,
+                        const routerset_t *excludeset, int running_only)
+{
+  tor_assert(out);
+  if (!routerset || !routerset->list)
+    return;
+
+  if (routerset_is_list(routerset)) {
+    /* No routers are specified by type; all are given by name or digest.
+     * we can do a lookup in O(len(routerset)). */
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->list, const char *, name, {
+        const node_t *node = node_get_by_nickname(name, 1);
+        if (node) {
+          if (!running_only || node->is_running)
+            if (!routerset_contains_node(excludeset, node))
+              smartlist_add(out, (void*)node);
+        }
+    });
+  } else {
+    /* We need to iterate over the routerlist to get all the ones of the
+     * right kind. */
+    smartlist_t *nodes = nodelist_get_list();
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(nodes, const node_t *, node, {
+        if (running_only && !node->is_running)
+          continue;
+        if (routerset_contains_node(routerset, node) &&
+            !routerset_contains_node(excludeset, node))
+          smartlist_add(out, (void*)node);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+#if 0
+/** Add to <b>target</b> every node_t from <b>source</b> except:
+ *
+ * 1) Don't add it if <b>include</b> is non-empty and the relay isn't in
+ * <b>include</b>; and
+ * 2) Don't add it if <b>exclude</b> is non-empty and the relay is
+ * excluded in a more specific fashion by <b>exclude</b>.
+ * 3) If <b>running_only</b>, don't add non-running routers.
+ */
+void
+routersets_get_node_disjunction(smartlist_t *target,
+                           const smartlist_t *source,
+                           const routerset_t *include,
+                           const routerset_t *exclude, int running_only)
+{
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(source, const node_t *, node, {
+    int include_result;
+    if (running_only && !node->is_running)
+      continue;
+    if (!routerset_is_empty(include))
+      include_result = routerset_contains_node(include, node);
+    else
+      include_result = 1;
+
+    if (include_result) {
+      int exclude_result = routerset_contains_node(exclude, node);
+      if (include_result >= exclude_result)
+        smartlist_add(target, (void*)node);
+    }
+  });
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Remove every node_t from <b>lst</b> that is in <b>routerset</b>. */
+void
+routerset_subtract_nodes(smartlist_t *lst, const routerset_t *routerset)
+{
+  tor_assert(lst);
+  if (!routerset)
+    return;
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(lst, const node_t *, node, {
+      if (routerset_contains_node(routerset, node)) {
+        //log_debug(LD_DIR, "Subtracting %s",r->nickname);
+        SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(lst, node);
+      }
+    });
+}
+
+/** Return a new string that when parsed by routerset_parse_string() will
+ * yield <b>set</b>. */
+char *
+routerset_to_string(const routerset_t *set)
+{
+  if (!set || !set->list)
+    return tor_strdup("");
+  return smartlist_join_strings(set->list, ",", 0, NULL);
+}
+
+/** Helper: return true iff old and new are both NULL, or both non-NULL
+ * equal routersets. */
+int
+routerset_equal(const routerset_t *old, const routerset_t *new)
+{
+  if (routerset_is_empty(old) && routerset_is_empty(new)) {
+    /* Two empty sets are equal */
+    return 1;
+  } else if (routerset_is_empty(old) || routerset_is_empty(new)) {
+    /* An empty set is equal to nothing else. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  tor_assert(old != NULL);
+  tor_assert(new != NULL);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(old->list) != smartlist_len(new->list))
+    return 0;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(old->list, const char *, cp1, {
+    const char *cp2 = smartlist_get(new->list, cp1_sl_idx);
+    if (strcmp(cp1, cp2))
+      return 0;
+  });
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/** Free all storage held in <b>routerset</b>. */
+void
+routerset_free(routerset_t *routerset)
+{
+  if (!routerset)
+    return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->list, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(routerset->list);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->policies, addr_policy_t *, p,
+                    addr_policy_free(p));
+  smartlist_free(routerset->policies);
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerset->country_names, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(routerset->country_names);
+
+  strmap_free(routerset->names, NULL);
+  digestmap_free(routerset->digests, NULL);
+  bitarray_free(routerset->countries);
+  tor_free(routerset);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/routerset.h b/src/or/routerset.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfa0c59ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/routerset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+/**
+ * \file routerlist.h
+ * \brief Header file for routerset.c
+ **/
+
+#ifndef TOR_ROUTERSET_H
+#define TOR_ROUTERSET_H
+
+routerset_t *routerset_new(void);
+void routerset_refresh_countries(routerset_t *rs);
+int routerset_parse(routerset_t *target, const char *s,
+                    const char *description);
+void routerset_union(routerset_t *target, const routerset_t *source);
+int routerset_is_list(const routerset_t *set);
+int routerset_needs_geoip(const routerset_t *set);
+int routerset_is_empty(const routerset_t *set);
+int routerset_contains_router(const routerset_t *set, const routerinfo_t *ri,
+                              country_t country);
+int routerset_contains_routerstatus(const routerset_t *set,
+                                    const routerstatus_t *rs,
+                                    country_t country);
+int routerset_contains_extendinfo(const routerset_t *set,
+                                  const extend_info_t *ei);
+
+int routerset_contains_node(const routerset_t *set, const node_t *node);
+void routerset_get_all_nodes(smartlist_t *out, const routerset_t *routerset,
+                             const routerset_t *excludeset,
+                             int running_only);
+int routerset_add_unknown_ccs(routerset_t **setp, int only_if_some_cc_set);
+#if 0
+void routersets_get_node_disjunction(smartlist_t *target,
+                                const smartlist_t *source,
+                                const routerset_t *include,
+                                const routerset_t *exclude, int running_only);
+#endif
+void routerset_subtract_nodes(smartlist_t *out,
+                                const routerset_t *routerset);
+
+char *routerset_to_string(const routerset_t *routerset);
+int routerset_equal(const routerset_t *old, const routerset_t *new);
+void routerset_free(routerset_t *routerset);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/statefile.c b/src/or/statefile.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcb7b07417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/statefile.c
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "or.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
+#include "entrynodes.h"
+#include "hibernate.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
+#include "router.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
+
+/** A list of state-file "abbreviations," for compatibility. */
+static config_abbrev_t state_abbrevs_[] = {
+  { "AccountingBytesReadInterval", "AccountingBytesReadInInterval", 0, 0 },
+  { "HelperNode", "EntryGuard", 0, 0 },
+  { "HelperNodeDownSince", "EntryGuardDownSince", 0, 0 },
+  { "HelperNodeUnlistedSince", "EntryGuardUnlistedSince", 0, 0 },
+  { "EntryNode", "EntryGuard", 0, 0 },
+  { "EntryNodeDownSince", "EntryGuardDownSince", 0, 0 },
+  { "EntryNodeUnlistedSince", "EntryGuardUnlistedSince", 0, 0 },
+  { NULL, NULL, 0, 0},
+};
+
+/*XXXX these next two are duplicates or near-duplicates from config.c */
+#define VAR(name,conftype,member,initvalue)                             \
+  { name, CONFIG_TYPE_ ## conftype, STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, member),  \
+      initvalue }
+/** As VAR, but the option name and member name are the same. */
+#define V(member,conftype,initvalue)                                    \
+  VAR(#member, conftype, member, initvalue)
+
+/** Array of "state" variables saved to the ~/.tor/state file. */
+static config_var_t state_vars_[] = {
+  /* Remember to document these in state-contents.txt ! */
+
+  V(AccountingBytesReadInInterval,    MEMUNIT,  NULL),
+  V(AccountingBytesWrittenInInterval, MEMUNIT,  NULL),
+  V(AccountingExpectedUsage,          MEMUNIT,  NULL),
+  V(AccountingIntervalStart,          ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(AccountingSecondsActive,          INTERVAL, NULL),
+  V(AccountingSecondsToReachSoftLimit,INTERVAL, NULL),
+  V(AccountingSoftLimitHitAt,         ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(AccountingBytesAtSoftLimit,       MEMUNIT,  NULL),
+
+  VAR("EntryGuard",              LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  VAR("EntryGuardDownSince",     LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  VAR("EntryGuardUnlistedSince", LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  VAR("EntryGuardAddedBy",       LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  VAR("EntryGuardPathBias",      LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  VAR("EntryGuardPathUseBias",   LINELIST_S,  EntryGuards,             NULL),
+  V(EntryGuards,                 LINELIST_V,  NULL),
+
+  VAR("TransportProxy",               LINELIST_S, TransportProxies, NULL),
+  V(TransportProxies,                 LINELIST_V, NULL),
+
+  V(BWHistoryReadEnds,                ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(BWHistoryReadInterval,            UINT,     "900"),
+  V(BWHistoryReadValues,              CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryReadMaxima,              CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryWriteEnds,               ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(BWHistoryWriteInterval,           UINT,     "900"),
+  V(BWHistoryWriteValues,             CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryWriteMaxima,             CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryDirReadEnds,             ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(BWHistoryDirReadInterval,         UINT,     "900"),
+  V(BWHistoryDirReadValues,           CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryDirReadMaxima,           CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryDirWriteEnds,            ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(BWHistoryDirWriteInterval,        UINT,     "900"),
+  V(BWHistoryDirWriteValues,          CSV,      ""),
+  V(BWHistoryDirWriteMaxima,          CSV,      ""),
+
+  V(TorVersion,                       STRING,   NULL),
+
+  V(LastRotatedOnionKey,              ISOTIME,  NULL),
+  V(LastWritten,                      ISOTIME,  NULL),
+
+  V(TotalBuildTimes,                  UINT,     NULL),
+  V(CircuitBuildAbandonedCount,       UINT,     "0"),
+  VAR("CircuitBuildTimeBin",          LINELIST_S, BuildtimeHistogram, NULL),
+  VAR("BuildtimeHistogram",           LINELIST_V, BuildtimeHistogram, NULL),
+  { NULL, CONFIG_TYPE_OBSOLETE, 0, NULL }
+};
+
+#undef VAR
+#undef V
+
+static int or_state_validate(or_state_t *old_options, or_state_t *options,
+                             int from_setconf, char **msg);
+
+/** Magic value for or_state_t. */
+#define OR_STATE_MAGIC 0x57A73f57
+
+/** "Extra" variable in the state that receives lines we can't parse. This
+ * lets us preserve options from versions of Tor newer than us. */
+static config_var_t state_extra_var = {
+  "__extra", CONFIG_TYPE_LINELIST, STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, ExtraLines), NULL
+};
+
+/** Configuration format for or_state_t. */
+static const config_format_t state_format = {
+  sizeof(or_state_t),
+  OR_STATE_MAGIC,
+  STRUCT_OFFSET(or_state_t, magic_),
+  state_abbrevs_,
+  state_vars_,
+  (validate_fn_t)or_state_validate,
+  &state_extra_var,
+};
+
+/** Persistent serialized state. */
+static or_state_t *global_state = NULL;
+
+/** Return the persistent state struct for this Tor. */
+or_state_t *
+get_or_state(void)
+{
+  tor_assert(global_state);
+  return global_state;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff we have loaded the global state for this Tor */
+int
+or_state_loaded(void)
+{
+  return global_state != NULL;
+}
+
+/** Return true if <b>line</b> is a valid state TransportProxy line.
+ *  Return false otherwise. */
+static int
+state_transport_line_is_valid(const char *line)
+{
+  smartlist_t *items = NULL;
+  char *addrport=NULL;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  uint16_t port = 0;
+  int r;
+
+  items = smartlist_new();
+  smartlist_split_string(items, line, NULL,
+                         SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(items) != 2) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Not enough arguments in TransportProxy line.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  addrport = smartlist_get(items, 1);
+  if (tor_addr_port_lookup(addrport, &addr, &port) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Could not parse addrport.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (!port) {
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: Transport line did not contain port.");
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  r = 1;
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  r = 0;
+
+ done:
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
+  smartlist_free(items);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Return 0 if all TransportProxy lines in <b>state</b> are well
+ *  formed. Otherwise, return -1. */
+static int
+validate_transports_in_state(or_state_t *state)
+{
+  int broken = 0;
+  config_line_t *line;
+
+  for (line = state->TransportProxies ; line ; line = line->next) {
+    tor_assert(!strcmp(line->key, "TransportProxy"));
+    if (!state_transport_line_is_valid(line->value))
+      broken = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (broken)
+    log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "state: State file seems to be broken.");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return 0 if every setting in <b>state</b> is reasonable, and a
+ * permissible transition from <b>old_state</b>.  Else warn and return -1.
+ * Should have no side effects, except for normalizing the contents of
+ * <b>state</b>.
+ */
+/* XXX from_setconf is here because of bug 238 */
+static int
+or_state_validate(or_state_t *old_state, or_state_t *state,
+                  int from_setconf, char **msg)
+{
+  /* We don't use these; only options do. Still, we need to match that
+   * signature. */
+  (void) from_setconf;
+  (void) old_state;
+
+  if (entry_guards_parse_state(state, 0, msg)<0)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (validate_transports_in_state(state)<0)
+    return -1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Replace the current persistent state with <b>new_state</b> */
+static int
+or_state_set(or_state_t *new_state)
+{
+  char *err = NULL;
+  int ret = 0;
+  tor_assert(new_state);
+  config_free(&state_format, global_state);
+  global_state = new_state;
+  if (entry_guards_parse_state(global_state, 1, &err)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"%s",err);
+    tor_free(err);
+    ret = -1;
+  }
+  if (rep_hist_load_state(global_state, &err)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Unparseable bandwidth history state: %s",err);
+    tor_free(err);
+    ret = -1;
+  }
+  if (circuit_build_times_parse_state(&circ_times, global_state) < 0) {
+    ret = -1;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save a broken state file to a backup location.
+ */
+static void
+or_state_save_broken(char *fname)
+{
+  int i;
+  file_status_t status;
+  char *fname2 = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    tor_asprintf(&fname2, "%s.%d", fname, i);
+    status = file_status(fname2);
+    if (status == FN_NOENT)
+      break;
+    tor_free(fname2);
+  }
+  if (i == 100) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to parse state in \"%s\"; too many saved bad "
+             "state files to move aside. Discarding the old state file.",
+             fname);
+    unlink(fname);
+  } else {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to parse state in \"%s\". Moving it aside "
+             "to \"%s\".  This could be a bug in Tor; please tell "
+             "the developers.", fname, fname2);
+    if (rename(fname, fname2) < 0) {
+      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Weirdly, I couldn't even move the state aside. The "
+               "OS gave an error of %s", strerror(errno));
+    }
+  }
+  tor_free(fname2);
+}
+
+/** Reload the persistent state from disk, generating a new state as needed.
+ * Return 0 on success, less than 0 on failure.
+ */
+int
+or_state_load(void)
+{
+  or_state_t *new_state = NULL;
+  char *contents = NULL, *fname;
+  char *errmsg = NULL;
+  int r = -1, badstate = 0;
+
+  fname = get_datadir_fname("state");
+  switch (file_status(fname)) {
+    case FN_FILE:
+      if (!(contents = read_file_to_str(fname, 0, NULL))) {
+        log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to read state file \"%s\"", fname);
+        goto done;
+      }
+      break;
+    case FN_NOENT:
+      break;
+    case FN_ERROR:
+    case FN_DIR:
+    default:
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"State file \"%s\" is not a file? Failing.", fname);
+      goto done;
+  }
+  new_state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_state_t));
+  new_state->magic_ = OR_STATE_MAGIC;
+  config_init(&state_format, new_state);
+  if (contents) {
+    config_line_t *lines=NULL;
+    int assign_retval;
+    if (config_get_lines(contents, &lines, 0)<0)
+      goto done;
+    assign_retval = config_assign(&state_format, new_state,
+                                  lines, 0, 0, &errmsg);
+    config_free_lines(lines);
+    if (assign_retval<0)
+      badstate = 1;
+    if (errmsg) {
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "%s", errmsg);
+      tor_free(errmsg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!badstate && or_state_validate(NULL, new_state, 1, &errmsg) < 0)
+    badstate = 1;
+
+  if (errmsg) {
+    log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "%s", errmsg);
+    tor_free(errmsg);
+  }
+
+  if (badstate && !contents) {
+    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Uh oh.  We couldn't even validate our own default state."
+             " This is a bug in Tor.");
+    goto done;
+  } else if (badstate && contents) {
+    or_state_save_broken(fname);
+
+    tor_free(contents);
+    config_free(&state_format, new_state);
+
+    new_state = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(or_state_t));
+    new_state->magic_ = OR_STATE_MAGIC;
+    config_init(&state_format, new_state);
+  } else if (contents) {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Loaded state from \"%s\"", fname);
+  } else {
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Initialized state");
+  }
+  if (or_state_set(new_state) == -1) {
+    or_state_save_broken(fname);
+  }
+  new_state = NULL;
+  if (!contents) {
+    global_state->next_write = 0;
+    or_state_save(time(NULL));
+  }
+  r = 0;
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(fname);
+  tor_free(contents);
+  if (new_state)
+    config_free(&state_format, new_state);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/** Did the last time we tried to write the state file fail? If so, we
+ * should consider disabling such features as preemptive circuit generation
+ * to compute circuit-build-time. */
+static int last_state_file_write_failed = 0;
+
+/** Return whether the state file failed to write last time we tried. */
+int
+did_last_state_file_write_fail(void)
+{
+  return last_state_file_write_failed;
+}
+
+/** If writing the state to disk fails, try again after this many seconds. */
+#define STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL 3600
+
+/** If we're a relay, how often should we checkpoint our state file even
+ * if nothing else dirties it? This will checkpoint ongoing stats like
+ * bandwidth used, per-country user stats, etc. */
+#define STATE_RELAY_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL (12*60*60)
+
+/** Write the persistent state to disk. Return 0 for success, <0 on failure. */
+int
+or_state_save(time_t now)
+{
+  char *state, *contents;
+  char tbuf[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
+  char *fname;
+
+  tor_assert(global_state);
+
+  if (global_state->next_write > now)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Call everything else that might dirty the state even more, in order
+   * to avoid redundant writes. */
+  entry_guards_update_state(global_state);
+  rep_hist_update_state(global_state);
+  circuit_build_times_update_state(&circ_times, global_state);
+  if (accounting_is_enabled(get_options()))
+    accounting_run_housekeeping(now);
+
+  global_state->LastWritten = now;
+
+  tor_free(global_state->TorVersion);
+  tor_asprintf(&global_state->TorVersion, "Tor %s", get_version());
+
+  state = config_dump(&state_format, NULL, global_state, 1, 0);
+  format_local_iso_time(tbuf, now);
+  tor_asprintf(&contents,
+               "# Tor state file last generated on %s local time\n"
+               "# Other times below are in UTC\n"
+               "# You *do not* need to edit this file.\n\n%s",
+               tbuf, state);
+  tor_free(state);
+  fname = get_datadir_fname("state");
+  if (write_str_to_file(fname, contents, 0)<0) {
+    log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to write state to file \"%s\"; "
+             "will try again later", fname);
+    last_state_file_write_failed = 1;
+    tor_free(fname);
+    tor_free(contents);
+    /* Try again after STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL (or sooner, if the state
+     * changes sooner). */
+    global_state->next_write = now + STATE_WRITE_RETRY_INTERVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  last_state_file_write_failed = 0;
+  log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Saved state to \"%s\"", fname);
+  tor_free(fname);
+  tor_free(contents);
+
+  if (server_mode(get_options()))
+    global_state->next_write = now + STATE_RELAY_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL;
+  else
+    global_state->next_write = TIME_MAX;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Return the config line for transport <b>transport</b> in the current state.
+ *  Return NULL if there is no config line for <b>transport</b>. */
+static config_line_t *
+get_transport_in_state_by_name(const char *transport)
+{
+  or_state_t *or_state = get_or_state();
+  config_line_t *line;
+  config_line_t *ret = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *items = NULL;
+
+  for (line = or_state->TransportProxies ; line ; line = line->next) {
+    tor_assert(!strcmp(line->key, "TransportProxy"));
+
+    items = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_split_string(items, line->value, NULL,
+                           SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE|SPLIT_IGNORE_BLANK, -1);
+    if (smartlist_len(items) != 2) /* broken state */
+      goto done;
+
+    if (!strcmp(smartlist_get(items, 0), transport)) {
+      ret = line;
+      goto done;
+    }
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
+    smartlist_free(items);
+    items = NULL;
+  }
+
+ done:
+  if (items) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(items, char*, s, tor_free(s));
+    smartlist_free(items);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/** Return string containing the address:port part of the
+ *  TransportProxy <b>line</b> for transport <b>transport</b>.
+ *  If the line is corrupted, return NULL. */
+static const char *
+get_transport_bindaddr(const char *line, const char *transport)
+{
+  char *line_tmp = NULL;
+
+  if (strlen(line) < strlen(transport) + 2) {
+    goto broken_state;
+  } else {
+    /* line should start with the name of the transport and a space.
+       (for example, "obfs2 127.0.0.1:47245") */
+    tor_asprintf(&line_tmp, "%s ", transport);
+    if (strcmpstart(line, line_tmp))
+      goto broken_state;
+
+    tor_free(line_tmp);
+    return (line+strlen(transport)+1);
+  }
+
+ broken_state:
+  tor_free(line_tmp);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Return a string containing the address:port that a proxy transport
+ *  should bind on. The string is stored on the heap and must be freed
+ *  by the caller of this function. */
+char *
+get_stored_bindaddr_for_server_transport(const char *transport)
+{
+  char *default_addrport = NULL;
+  const char *stored_bindaddr = NULL;
+  config_line_t *line = NULL;
+
+  {
+    /* See if the user explicitly asked for a specific listening
+       address for this transport. */
+    char *conf_bindaddr = get_transport_bindaddr_from_config(transport);
+    if (conf_bindaddr)
+      return conf_bindaddr;
+  }
+
+  line = get_transport_in_state_by_name(transport);
+  if (!line) /* Found no references in state for this transport. */
+    goto no_bindaddr_found;
+
+  stored_bindaddr = get_transport_bindaddr(line->value, transport);
+  if (stored_bindaddr) /* found stored bindaddr in state file. */
+    return tor_strdup(stored_bindaddr);
+
+ no_bindaddr_found:
+  /** If we didn't find references for this pluggable transport in the
+      state file, we should instruct the pluggable transport proxy to
+      listen on INADDR_ANY on a random ephemeral port. */
+  tor_asprintf(&default_addrport, "%s:%s", fmt_addr32(INADDR_ANY), "0");
+  return default_addrport;
+}
+
+/** Save <b>transport</b> listening on <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> to
+    state */
+void
+save_transport_to_state(const char *transport,
+                        const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port)
+{
+  or_state_t *state = get_or_state();
+
+  char *transport_addrport=NULL;
+
+  /** find where to write on the state */
+  config_line_t **next, *line;
+
+  /* see if this transport is already stored in state */
+  config_line_t *transport_line =
+    get_transport_in_state_by_name(transport);
+
+  if (transport_line) { /* if transport already exists in state... */
+    const char *prev_bindaddr = /* get its addrport... */
+      get_transport_bindaddr(transport_line->value, transport);
+    transport_addrport = tor_strdup(fmt_addrport(addr, port));
+
+    /* if transport in state has the same address as this one, life is good */
+    if (!strcmp(prev_bindaddr, transport_addrport)) {
+      log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Transport seems to have spawned on its usual "
+               "address:port.");
+      goto done;
+    } else { /* if addrport in state is different than the one we got */
+      log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Transport seems to have spawned on different "
+               "address:port. Let's update the state file with the new "
+               "address:port");
+      tor_free(transport_line->value); /* free the old line */
+      /* replace old addrport line with new line */
+      tor_asprintf(&transport_line->value, "%s %s", transport,
+                   fmt_addrport(addr, port));
+    }
+  } else { /* never seen this one before; save it in state for next time */
+    log_info(LD_CONFIG, "It's the first time we see this transport. "
+             "Let's save its address:port");
+    next = &state->TransportProxies;
+    /* find the last TransportProxy line in the state and point 'next'
+       right after it  */
+    line = state->TransportProxies;
+    while (line) {
+      next = &(line->next);
+      line = line->next;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate space for the new line and fill it in */
+    *next = line = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(config_line_t));
+    line->key = tor_strdup("TransportProxy");
+    tor_asprintf(&line->value, "%s %s", transport, fmt_addrport(addr, port));
+
+    next = &(line->next);
+  }
+
+  if (!get_options()->AvoidDiskWrites)
+    or_state_mark_dirty(state, 0);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(transport_addrport);
+}
+
+void
+or_state_free_all(void)
+{
+  config_free(&state_format, global_state);
+  global_state = NULL;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/or/statefile.h b/src/or/statefile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcdee6c604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/or/statefile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#ifndef TOR_STATEFILE_H
+#define TOR_STATEFILE_H
+
+or_state_t *get_or_state(void);
+int did_last_state_file_write_fail(void);
+int or_state_save(time_t now);
+
+void save_transport_to_state(const char *transport_name,
+                             const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port);
+char *get_stored_bindaddr_for_server_transport(const char *transport);
+int or_state_load(void);
+int or_state_loaded(void);
+void or_state_free_all(void);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/or/status.c b/src/or/status.c
index 04cd96eed5..69f92ed097 100644
--- a/src/or/status.c
+++ b/src/or/status.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "status.h"
 #include "nodelist.h"
+#include "relay.h"
 #include "router.h"
 #include "circuitlist.h"
 #include "main.h"
+#include "hibernate.h"
+#include "rephist.h"
 
 /** Return the total number of circuits. */
 static int
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ count_circuits(void)
   circuit_t *circ;
   int nr=0;
 
-  for (circ = _circuit_get_global_list(); circ; circ = circ->next)
+  for (circ = circuit_get_global_list_(); circ; circ = circ->next)
     nr++;
 
   return nr;
@@ -84,11 +87,13 @@ log_heartbeat(time_t now)
   char *bw_rcvd = NULL;
   char *uptime = NULL;
   const routerinfo_t *me;
+  double r = tls_get_write_overhead_ratio();
+  const int hibernating = we_are_hibernating();
 
   const or_options_t *options = get_options();
   (void)now;
 
-  if (public_server_mode(options)) {
+  if (public_server_mode(options) && !hibernating) {
     /* Let's check if we are in the current cached consensus. */
     if (!(me = router_get_my_routerinfo()))
       return -1; /* Something stinks, we won't even attempt this. */
@@ -103,8 +108,22 @@ log_heartbeat(time_t now)
   bw_sent = bytes_to_usage(get_bytes_written());
 
   log_fn(LOG_NOTICE, LD_HEARTBEAT, "Heartbeat: Tor's uptime is %s, with %d "
-         "circuits open. I've sent %s and received %s.",
-         uptime, count_circuits(),bw_sent,bw_rcvd);
+         "circuits open. I've sent %s and received %s.%s",
+         uptime, count_circuits(),bw_sent,bw_rcvd,
+         hibernating?" We are currently hibernating.":"");
+
+  if (stats_n_data_cells_packaged && !hibernating)
+    log_notice(LD_HEARTBEAT, "Average packaged cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
+        100*(U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_bytes_packaged) /
+             U64_TO_DBL(stats_n_data_cells_packaged*RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) );
+
+  if (r > 1.0) {
+    double overhead = ( r - 1.0 ) * 100.0;
+    log_notice(LD_HEARTBEAT, "TLS write overhead: %.f%%", overhead);
+  }
+
+  if (public_server_mode(options))
+    rep_hist_log_circuit_handshake_stats(now);
 
   tor_free(uptime);
   tor_free(bw_sent);
diff --git a/src/or/status.h b/src/or/status.h
index 189ac789e1..7c3b969c86 100644
--- a/src/or/status.h
+++ b/src/or/status.h
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_STATUS_H
-#define _TOR_STATUS_H
+#ifndef TOR_STATUS_H
+#define TOR_STATUS_H
 
 int log_heartbeat(time_t now);
 
diff --git a/src/or/tor_main.c b/src/or/tor_main.c
index 2f4922317d..05dc0bf0bf 100644
--- a/src/or/tor_main.c
+++ b/src/or/tor_main.c
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /* Copyright 2001-2004 Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-/** String describing which Tor subversion repository version the source was
- * built from.  This string is generated by a bit of shell kludging int
- * src/or/Makefile.am, and is usually right.
+/** String describing which Tor Git repository version the source was
+ * built from.  This string is generated by a bit of shell kludging in
+ * src/or/include.am, and is usually right.
  */
 const char tor_git_revision[] =
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
diff --git a/src/or/transports.c b/src/or/transports.c
index 4ba239562a..3749d6bb21 100644
--- a/src/or/transports.c
+++ b/src/or/transports.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2011-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2011-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -39,13 +39,17 @@
  * transport_t structs.
  *
  * When the managed proxy stops spitting METHOD lines (signified by a
- * '{S,C}METHODS DONE' message) we register all the transports
- * collected to the circuitbuild.c subsystem. At this point, the
- * pointers to transport_t can be transformed into dangling pointers
- * at any point by the circuitbuild.c subsystem, and so we replace all
- * transport_t pointers with strings describing the transport names.
- * We can still go from a transport name to a transport_t using the
- * fact that each transport name uniquely identifies a transport_t.
+ * '{S,C}METHODS DONE' message) we pass copies of its transports to
+ * the bridge subsystem. We keep copies of the 'transport_t's on the
+ * managed proxy to be able to associate the proxy with its
+ * transports, and we pass copies to the bridge subsystem so that
+ * transports can be associated with bridges.
+ * [ XXX We should try see whether the two copies are really needed
+ * and maybe cut it into a single copy of the 'transport_t' shared
+ * between the managed proxy and the bridge subsystem. Preliminary
+ * analysis shows that both copies are needed with the current code
+ * logic, because of race conditions that can cause dangling
+ * pointers. ]
  *
  * <b>In even more detail, this is what happens when a SIGHUP
  * occurs:</b>
@@ -90,6 +94,7 @@
 #include "transports.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "router.h"
+#include "statefile.h"
 
 static process_environment_t *
 create_managed_proxy_environment(const managed_proxy_t *mp);
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ static void managed_proxy_destroy(managed_proxy_t *mp,
                                   int also_terminate_process);
 
 static void handle_finished_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp);
-static void configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp);
+static int configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp);
 
 static void parse_method_error(const char *line, int is_server_method);
 #define parse_server_method_error(l) parse_method_error(l, 1)
@@ -119,14 +124,228 @@ static INLINE void free_execve_args(char **arg);
 #define PROTO_CMETHODS_DONE "CMETHODS DONE"
 #define PROTO_SMETHODS_DONE "SMETHODS DONE"
 
-/** Number of environment variables for managed proxy clients/servers. */
-#define ENVIRON_SIZE_CLIENT 3
-#define ENVIRON_SIZE_SERVER 7 /* XXX known to be too high, but that's ok */
-
 /** The first and only supported - at the moment - configuration
     protocol version. */
 #define PROTO_VERSION_ONE 1
 
+/** A list of pluggable transports found in torrc. */
+static smartlist_t *transport_list = NULL;
+
+/** Returns a transport_t struct for a transport proxy supporting the
+    protocol <b>name</b> listening at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b> using
+    SOCKS version <b>socks_ver</b>. */
+static transport_t *
+transport_new(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+              const char *name, int socks_ver)
+{
+  transport_t *t = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(transport_t));
+
+  tor_addr_copy(&t->addr, addr);
+  t->port = port;
+  t->name = tor_strdup(name);
+  t->socks_version = socks_ver;
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+/** Free the pluggable transport struct <b>transport</b>. */
+void
+transport_free(transport_t *transport)
+{
+  if (!transport)
+    return;
+
+  tor_free(transport->name);
+  tor_free(transport);
+}
+
+/** Mark every entry of the transport list to be removed on our next call to
+ * sweep_transport_list unless it has first been un-marked. */
+void
+mark_transport_list(void)
+{
+  if (!transport_list)
+    transport_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(transport_list, transport_t *, t,
+                    t->marked_for_removal = 1);
+}
+
+/** Remove every entry of the transport list that was marked with
+ * mark_transport_list if it has not subsequently been un-marked. */
+void
+sweep_transport_list(void)
+{
+  if (!transport_list)
+    transport_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(transport_list, transport_t *, t) {
+    if (t->marked_for_removal) {
+      SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(transport_list, t);
+      transport_free(t);
+    }
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
+}
+
+/** Initialize the pluggable transports list to empty, creating it if
+ *  needed. */
+static void
+clear_transport_list(void)
+{
+  if (!transport_list)
+    transport_list = smartlist_new();
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(transport_list, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
+  smartlist_clear(transport_list);
+}
+
+/** Return a deep copy of <b>transport</b>. */
+static transport_t *
+transport_copy(const transport_t *transport)
+{
+  transport_t *new_transport = NULL;
+
+  tor_assert(transport);
+
+  new_transport = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(transport_t));
+
+  new_transport->socks_version = transport->socks_version;
+  new_transport->name = tor_strdup(transport->name);
+  tor_addr_copy(&new_transport->addr, &transport->addr);
+  new_transport->port = transport->port;
+  new_transport->marked_for_removal = transport->marked_for_removal;
+
+  return new_transport;
+}
+
+/** Returns the transport in our transport list that has the name <b>name</b>.
+ *  Else returns NULL. */
+transport_t *
+transport_get_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+  tor_assert(name);
+
+  if (!transport_list)
+    return NULL;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(transport_list, transport_t *, transport) {
+    if (!strcmp(transport->name, name))
+      return transport;
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(transport);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/** Resolve any conflicts that the insertion of transport <b>t</b>
+ *  might cause.
+ *  Return 0 if <b>t</b> is OK and should be registered, 1 if there is
+ *  a transport identical to <b>t</b> already registered and -1 if
+ *  <b>t</b> cannot be added due to conflicts. */
+static int
+transport_resolve_conflicts(const transport_t *t)
+{
+  /* This is how we resolve transport conflicts:
+
+     If there is already a transport with the same name and addrport,
+     we either have duplicate torrc lines OR we are here post-HUP and
+     this transport was here pre-HUP as well. In any case, mark the
+     old transport so that it doesn't get removed and ignore the new
+     one. Our caller has to free the new transport so we return '1' to
+     signify this.
+
+     If there is already a transport with the same name but different
+     addrport:
+     * if it's marked for removal, it means that it either has a lower
+     priority than 't' in torrc (otherwise the mark would have been
+     cleared by the paragraph above), or it doesn't exist at all in
+     the post-HUP torrc. We destroy the old transport and register 't'.
+     * if it's *not* marked for removal, it means that it was newly
+     added in the post-HUP torrc or that it's of higher priority, in
+     this case we ignore 't'. */
+  transport_t *t_tmp = transport_get_by_name(t->name);
+  if (t_tmp) { /* same name */
+    if (tor_addr_eq(&t->addr, &t_tmp->addr) && (t->port == t_tmp->port)) {
+      /* same name *and* addrport */
+      t_tmp->marked_for_removal = 0;
+      return 1;
+    } else { /* same name but different addrport */
+      char *new_transport_addrport =
+        tor_strdup(fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port));
+      if (t_tmp->marked_for_removal) { /* marked for removal */
+        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "You tried to add transport '%s' at '%s' "
+                   "but there was already a transport marked for deletion at "
+                   "'%s'. We deleted the old transport and registered the "
+                   "new one.", t->name, new_transport_addrport,
+                   fmt_addrport(&t_tmp->addr, t_tmp->port));
+        smartlist_remove(transport_list, t_tmp);
+        transport_free(t_tmp);
+        tor_free(new_transport_addrport);
+      } else { /* *not* marked for removal */
+        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "You tried to add transport '%s' at '%s' "
+                   "but the same transport already exists at '%s'. "
+                   "Skipping.", t->name, new_transport_addrport,
+                   fmt_addrport(&t_tmp->addr, t_tmp->port));
+        tor_free(new_transport_addrport);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      tor_free(new_transport_addrport);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** Add transport <b>t</b> to the internal list of pluggable
+ *  transports.
+ *  Returns 0 if the transport was added correctly, 1 if the same
+ *  transport was already registered (in this case the caller must
+ *  free the transport) and -1 if there was an error.  */
+static int
+transport_add(transport_t *t)
+{
+  int r;
+  tor_assert(t);
+
+  r = transport_resolve_conflicts(t);
+
+  switch (r) {
+  case 0: /* should register transport */
+    if (!transport_list)
+      transport_list = smartlist_new();
+    smartlist_add(transport_list, t);
+    return 0;
+  default: /* let our caller know the return code */
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Remember a new pluggable transport proxy at <b>addr</b>:<b>port</b>.
+ *  <b>name</b> is set to the name of the protocol this proxy uses.
+ *  <b>socks_ver</b> is set to the SOCKS version of the proxy. */
+int
+transport_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                          const char *name, int socks_ver)
+{
+  transport_t *t = transport_new(addr, port, name, socks_ver);
+
+  int r = transport_add(t);
+
+  switch (r) {
+  case -1:
+  default:
+    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Could not add transport %s at %s. Skipping.",
+               t->name, fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port));
+    transport_free(t);
+    return -1;
+  case 1:
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Successfully registered transport %s at %s.",
+             t->name, fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port));
+     transport_free(t); /* falling */
+     return 0;
+  case 0:
+    log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Successfully registered transport %s at %s.",
+             t->name, fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port));
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 /** List of unconfigured managed proxies. */
 static smartlist_t *managed_proxy_list = NULL;
 /** Number of still unconfigured proxies. */
@@ -205,7 +424,7 @@ static void
 add_transport_to_proxy(const char *transport, managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
   tor_assert(mp->transports_to_launch);
-  if (!smartlist_string_isin(mp->transports_to_launch, transport))
+  if (!smartlist_contains_string(mp->transports_to_launch, transport))
     smartlist_add(mp->transports_to_launch, tor_strdup(transport));
 }
 
@@ -217,11 +436,11 @@ proxy_needs_restart(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
   /* mp->transport_to_launch is populated with the names of the
      transports that must be launched *after* the SIGHUP.
-     mp->transports is populated with the names of the transports that
-     were launched *before* the SIGHUP.
+     mp->transports is populated with the transports that were
+     launched *before* the SIGHUP.
 
-     If the two lists contain the same strings, we don't need to
-     restart the proxy, since it already does what we want. */
+     Check if all the transports that need to be launched are already
+     launched: */
 
   tor_assert(smartlist_len(mp->transports_to_launch) > 0);
   tor_assert(mp->conf_state == PT_PROTO_COMPLETED);
@@ -229,11 +448,11 @@ proxy_needs_restart(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
   if (smartlist_len(mp->transports_to_launch) != smartlist_len(mp->transports))
     goto needs_restart;
 
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports_to_launch, char *, t_t_l) {
-    if (!smartlist_string_isin(mp->transports, t_t_l))
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, const transport_t *, t) {
+    if (!smartlist_contains_string(mp->transports_to_launch, t->name))
       goto needs_restart;
 
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t_t_l);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
 
   return 0;
 
@@ -245,6 +464,7 @@ proxy_needs_restart(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
  *  preparations and then flag its state so that it will be relaunched
  *  in the next tick. */
 static void
+
 proxy_prepare_for_restart(managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
   transport_t *t_tmp = NULL;
@@ -255,16 +475,17 @@ proxy_prepare_for_restart(managed_proxy_t *mp)
   tor_process_handle_destroy(mp->process_handle, 1);
   mp->process_handle = NULL;
 
-  /* destroy all its old transports. we no longer use them. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, const char *, t_name) {
-    t_tmp = transport_get_by_name(t_name);
+  /* destroy all its registered transports, since we will no longer
+     use them. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, const transport_t *, t) {
+    t_tmp = transport_get_by_name(t->name);
     if (t_tmp)
       t_tmp->marked_for_removal = 1;
-  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t_name);
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
   sweep_transport_list();
 
-  /* free the transport names in mp->transports */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, char *, t_name, tor_free(t_name));
+  /* free the transport in mp->transports */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
   smartlist_clear(mp->transports);
 
   /* flag it as an infant proxy so that it gets launched on next tick */
@@ -315,6 +536,7 @@ launch_managed_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
 void
 pt_configure_remaining_proxies(void)
 {
+  int at_least_a_proxy_config_finished = 0;
   smartlist_t *tmp = smartlist_new();
 
   log_debug(LD_CONFIG, "Configuring remaining managed proxies (%d)!",
@@ -350,24 +572,29 @@ pt_configure_remaining_proxies(void)
     /* If the proxy is not fully configured, try to configure it
        futher. */
     if (!proxy_configuration_finished(mp))
-      configure_proxy(mp);
+      if (configure_proxy(mp) == 1)
+        at_least_a_proxy_config_finished = 1;
 
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(mp);
 
   smartlist_free(tmp);
   check_if_restarts_needed = 0;
   assert_unconfigured_count_ok();
-}
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (at_least_a_proxy_config_finished)
+    mark_my_descriptor_dirty("configured managed proxies");
+}
 
-/** Attempt to continue configuring managed proxy <b>mp</b>. */
-static void
+/** Attempt to continue configuring managed proxy <b>mp</b>.
+ *  Return 1 if the transport configuration finished, and return 0
+ *  otherwise (if we still have more configuring to do for this
+ *  proxy). */
+static int
 configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
-  int pos;
-  char stdout_buf[200];
-  smartlist_t *lines = NULL;
+  int configuration_finished = 0;
+  smartlist_t *proxy_output = NULL;
+  enum stream_status stream_status = 0;
 
   /* if we haven't launched the proxy yet, do it now */
   if (mp->conf_state == PT_PROTO_INFANT) {
@@ -375,34 +602,31 @@ configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
       mp->conf_state = PT_PROTO_FAILED_LAUNCH;
       handle_finished_proxy(mp);
     }
-    return;
+    return 0;
   }
 
   tor_assert(mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_INFANT);
   tor_assert(mp->process_handle);
 
-  pos = tor_read_all_handle(tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(mp->process_handle),
-                            stdout_buf, sizeof(stdout_buf) - 1, NULL);
-  if (pos < 0) {
-    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Failed to read data from managed proxy '%s'.",
-               mp->argv[0]);
-    mp->conf_state = PT_PROTO_BROKEN;
+  proxy_output =
+    tor_get_lines_from_handle(tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(mp->process_handle),
+                              &stream_status);
+  if (!proxy_output) { /* failed to get input from proxy */
+    if (stream_status != IO_STREAM_EAGAIN) { /* bad stream status! */
+      mp->conf_state = PT_PROTO_BROKEN;
+      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "The communication stream of managed proxy '%s' "
+               "is '%s'. Most probably the managed proxy stopped running. "
+               "This might be a bug of the managed proxy, a bug of Tor, or "
+               "a misconfiguration. Please enable logging on your managed "
+               "proxy and check the logs for errors.",
+               mp->argv[0], stream_status_to_string(stream_status));
+    }
+
     goto done;
   }
 
-  if (pos == 0) /* proxy has nothing interesting to say. */
-    return;
-
-  /* End with a null even if there isn't a \r\n at the end */
-  /* TODO: What if this is a partial line? */
-  stdout_buf[pos] = '\0';
-
-  /* Split up the buffer */
-  lines = smartlist_new();
-  tor_split_lines(lines, stdout_buf, pos);
-
   /* Handle lines. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(lines, const char *, line) {
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(proxy_output, const char *, line) {
     handle_proxy_line(line, mp);
     if (proxy_configuration_finished(mp))
       goto done;
@@ -410,126 +634,63 @@ configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
 
  done:
   /* if the proxy finished configuring, exit the loop. */
-  if (proxy_configuration_finished(mp))
+  if (proxy_configuration_finished(mp)) {
     handle_finished_proxy(mp);
-
-  if (lines)
-    smartlist_free(lines);
-}
-
-#else /* _WIN32 */
-
-/** Attempt to continue configuring managed proxy <b>mp</b>. */
-static void
-configure_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
-{
-  enum stream_status r;
-  char stdout_buf[200];
-
-  /* if we haven't launched the proxy yet, do it now */
-  if (mp->conf_state == PT_PROTO_INFANT) {
-    if (launch_managed_proxy(mp) < 0) { /* launch fail */
-      mp->conf_state = PT_PROTO_FAILED_LAUNCH;
-      handle_finished_proxy(mp);
-    }
-    return;
+    configuration_finished = 1;
   }
 
-  tor_assert(mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_INFANT);
-  tor_assert(mp->process_handle);
-
-  while (1) {
-    r = get_string_from_pipe(tor_process_get_stdout_pipe(mp->process_handle),
-                             stdout_buf, sizeof(stdout_buf) - 1);
-
-    if (r  == IO_STREAM_OKAY) { /* got a line; handle it! */
-      handle_proxy_line((const char *)stdout_buf, mp);
-    } else if (r == IO_STREAM_EAGAIN) { /* check back later */
-      return;
-    } else if (r == IO_STREAM_CLOSED || r == IO_STREAM_TERM) { /* snap! */
-      log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Our communication channel with the managed proxy "
-               "'%s' closed. Most probably application stopped running.",
-               mp->argv[0]);
-      mp->conf_state = PT_PROTO_BROKEN;
-    } else { /* unknown stream status */
-      log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unknown stream status '%d' while configuring managed "
-               "proxy '%s'.", (int)r, mp->argv[0]);
-    }
-
-    /* if the proxy finished configuring, exit the loop. */
-    if (proxy_configuration_finished(mp)) {
-      handle_finished_proxy(mp);
-      return;
-    }
+  if (proxy_output) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(proxy_output, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+    smartlist_free(proxy_output);
   }
-}
 
-#endif /* _WIN32 */
+  return configuration_finished;
+}
 
 /** Register server managed proxy <b>mp</b> transports to state */
 static void
-register_server_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
+register_server_proxy(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
-  /* After we register this proxy's transports, we switch its
-     mp->transports to a list containing strings of its transport
-     names. (See transports.h) */
-  smartlist_t *sm_tmp = smartlist_new();
-
   tor_assert(mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED);
+
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, transport_t *, t) {
     save_transport_to_state(t->name, &t->addr, t->port);
-    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Registered server transport '%s' at '%s:%d'",
-               t->name, fmt_addr(&t->addr), (int)t->port);
-    smartlist_add(sm_tmp, tor_strdup(t->name));
+    log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Registered server transport '%s' at '%s'",
+               t->name, fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port));
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
-
-  /* Since server proxies don't register their transports in the
-     circuitbuild.c subsystem, it's our duty to free them when we
-     switch mp->transports to strings. */
-  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
-  smartlist_free(mp->transports);
-
-  mp->transports = sm_tmp;
 }
 
 /** Register all the transports supported by client managed proxy
  *  <b>mp</b> to the bridge subsystem. */
 static void
-register_client_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
+register_client_proxy(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
   int r;
-  /* After we register this proxy's transports, we switch its
-     mp->transports to a list containing strings of its transport
-     names. (See transports.h) */
-  smartlist_t *sm_tmp = smartlist_new();
 
   tor_assert(mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED);
+
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, transport_t *, t) {
-    r = transport_add(t);
+    transport_t *transport_tmp = transport_copy(t);
+    r = transport_add(transport_tmp);
     switch (r) {
     case -1:
       log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Could not add transport %s. Skipping.", t->name);
-      transport_free(t);
+      transport_free(transport_tmp);
       break;
     case 0:
-      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Succesfully registered transport %s", t->name);
-      smartlist_add(sm_tmp, tor_strdup(t->name));
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Successfully registered transport %s", t->name);
       break;
     case 1:
-      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Succesfully registered transport %s", t->name);
-      smartlist_add(sm_tmp, tor_strdup(t->name));
-      transport_free(t);
+      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Successfully registered transport %s", t->name);
+      transport_free(transport_tmp);
       break;
     }
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
-
-  smartlist_free(mp->transports);
-  mp->transports = sm_tmp;
 }
 
 /** Register the transports of managed proxy <b>mp</b>. */
 static INLINE void
-register_proxy(managed_proxy_t *mp)
+register_proxy(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
 {
   if (mp->is_server)
     register_server_proxy(mp);
@@ -542,10 +703,7 @@ static void
 managed_proxy_destroy(managed_proxy_t *mp,
                       int also_terminate_process)
 {
-  if (mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED)
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
-  else
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, char *, t_name, tor_free(t_name));
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, transport_t *, t, transport_free(t));
 
   /* free the transports smartlist */
   smartlist_free(mp->transports);
@@ -815,7 +973,7 @@ parse_smethod_line(const char *line, managed_proxy_t *mp)
   }
 
   addrport = smartlist_get(items, 2);
-  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, addrport, &address, &port)<0) {
+  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_WARN, addrport, &address, &port)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error parsing transport "
              "address '%s'", addrport);
     goto err;
@@ -907,7 +1065,7 @@ parse_cmethod_line(const char *line, managed_proxy_t *mp)
   }
 
   addrport = smartlist_get(items, 3);
-  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_PROTOCOL_WARN, addrport, &address, &port)<0) {
+  if (tor_addr_port_split(LOG_WARN, addrport, &address, &port)<0) {
     log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Error parsing transport "
              "address '%s'", addrport);
     goto err;
@@ -1039,7 +1197,7 @@ create_managed_proxy_environment(const managed_proxy_t *mp)
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(envs, const char *, env_var) {
     set_environment_variable_in_smartlist(merged_env_vars, env_var,
-                                          _tor_free, 1);
+                                          tor_free_, 1);
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(env_var);
 
   env = process_environment_make(merged_env_vars);
@@ -1143,7 +1301,7 @@ free_execve_args(char **arg)
   char **tmp = arg;
   while (*tmp) /* use the fact that the last element of the array is a
                   NULL pointer to know when to stop freeing */
-    _tor_free(*tmp++);
+    tor_free_(*tmp++);
 
   tor_free(arg);
 }
@@ -1181,6 +1339,93 @@ pt_prepare_proxy_list_for_config_read(void)
   tor_assert(unconfigured_proxies_n == 0);
 }
 
+/** Return a smartlist containing the ports where our pluggable
+ *  transports are listening. */
+smartlist_t *
+get_transport_proxy_ports(void)
+{
+  smartlist_t *sl = NULL;
+
+  if (!managed_proxy_list)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /** XXX assume that external proxy ports have been forwarded
+      manually */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(managed_proxy_list, const managed_proxy_t *, mp) {
+    if (!mp->is_server || mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED)
+      continue;
+
+    if (!sl) sl = smartlist_new();
+
+    tor_assert(mp->transports);
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(mp->transports, const transport_t *, t,
+                      smartlist_add_asprintf(sl, "%u:%u", t->port, t->port));
+
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(mp);
+
+  return sl;
+}
+
+/** Return the pluggable transport string that we should display in
+ *  our extra-info descriptor. If we shouldn't display such a string,
+ *  or we have nothing to display, return NULL. The string is
+ *  allocated on the heap and it's the responsibility of the caller to
+ *  free it. */
+char *
+pt_get_extra_info_descriptor_string(void)
+{
+  char *the_string = NULL;
+  smartlist_t *string_chunks = NULL;
+
+  if (!managed_proxy_list)
+    return NULL;
+
+  string_chunks = smartlist_new();
+
+  /* For each managed proxy, add its transports to the chunks list. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(managed_proxy_list,  const managed_proxy_t *, mp) {
+    if ((!mp->is_server) || (mp->conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED))
+      continue;
+
+    tor_assert(mp->transports);
+
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(mp->transports, const transport_t *, t) {
+      /* If the transport proxy returned "0.0.0.0" as its address, and
+       * we know our external IP address, use it. Otherwise, use the
+       * returned address. */
+      const char *addrport = NULL;
+      uint32_t external_ip_address = 0;
+      if (tor_addr_is_null(&t->addr) &&
+          router_pick_published_address(get_options(),
+                                        &external_ip_address) >= 0) {
+        tor_addr_t addr;
+        tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, external_ip_address);
+        addrport = fmt_addrport(&addr, t->port);
+      } else {
+        addrport = fmt_addrport(&t->addr, t->port);
+      }
+
+      smartlist_add_asprintf(string_chunks,
+                             "transport %s %s",
+                             t->name, addrport);
+    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(t);
+
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(mp);
+
+  if (smartlist_len(string_chunks) == 0) {
+    smartlist_free(string_chunks);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* Join all the chunks into the final string. */
+  the_string = smartlist_join_strings(string_chunks, "\n", 1, NULL);
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(string_chunks, char *, s, tor_free(s));
+  smartlist_free(string_chunks);
+
+  return the_string;
+}
+
 /** The tor config was read.
  *  Destroy all managed proxies that were marked by a previous call to
  *  prepare_proxy_list_for_config_read() and are not used by the new
@@ -1204,6 +1449,12 @@ sweep_proxy_list(void)
 void
 pt_free_all(void)
 {
+  if (transport_list) {
+    clear_transport_list();
+    smartlist_free(transport_list);
+    transport_list = NULL;
+  }
+
   if (managed_proxy_list) {
     /* If the proxy is in PT_PROTO_COMPLETED, it has registered its
        transports and it's the duty of the circuitbuild.c subsystem to
diff --git a/src/or/transports.h b/src/or/transports.h
index 02f159a5d6..6ee82f4556 100644
--- a/src/or/transports.h
+++ b/src/or/transports.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Roger Dingledine
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -11,6 +11,30 @@
 #ifndef TOR_TRANSPORTS_H
 #define TOR_TRANSPORTS_H
 
+/** Represents a pluggable transport used by a bridge. */
+typedef struct transport_t {
+  /** SOCKS version: One of PROXY_SOCKS4, PROXY_SOCKS5. */
+  int socks_version;
+  /** Name of pluggable transport protocol */
+  char *name;
+  /** The IP address where the transport bound and is waiting for
+   * connections. */
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  /** Port of proxy */
+  uint16_t port;
+  /** Boolean: We are re-parsing our transport list, and we are going to remove
+   * this one if we don't find it in the list of configured transports. */
+  unsigned marked_for_removal : 1;
+} transport_t;
+
+void mark_transport_list(void);
+void sweep_transport_list(void);
+int transport_add_from_config(const tor_addr_t *addr, uint16_t port,
+                               const char *name, int socks_ver);
+void transport_free(transport_t *transport);
+
+transport_t *transport_get_by_name(const char *name);
+
 void pt_kickstart_proxy(const smartlist_t *transport_list, char **proxy_argv,
                         int is_server);
 
@@ -23,11 +47,15 @@ void pt_configure_remaining_proxies(void);
 
 int pt_proxies_configuration_pending(void);
 
+char *pt_get_extra_info_descriptor_string(void);
+
 void pt_free_all(void);
 
 void pt_prepare_proxy_list_for_config_read(void);
 void sweep_proxy_list(void);
 
+smartlist_t *get_transport_proxy_ports(void);
+
 #ifdef PT_PRIVATE
 /** State of the managed proxy configuration protocol. */
 enum pt_proto_state {
@@ -68,28 +96,7 @@ typedef struct {
   smartlist_t *transports_to_launch;
 
   /* The 'transports' list contains all the transports this proxy has
-     launched.
-
-     Before a managed_proxy_t reaches the PT_PROTO_COMPLETED phase,
-     this smartlist contains a 'transport_t' for every transport it
-     has launched.
-
-     When the managed_proxy_t reaches the PT_PROTO_COMPLETED phase, it
-     registers all its transports to the circuitbuild.c subsystem. At
-     that point the 'transport_t's are owned by the circuitbuild.c
-     subsystem.
-
-     To avoid carrying dangling 'transport_t's in this smartlist,
-     right before the managed_proxy_t reaches the PT_PROTO_COMPLETED
-     phase we replace all 'transport_t's with strings of their
-     transport names.
-
-     So, tl;dr:
-     When (conf_state != PT_PROTO_COMPLETED) this list carries
-     (transport_t *).
-     When (conf_state == PT_PROTO_COMPLETED) this list carries
-     (char *).
-   */
+     launched. */
   smartlist_t *transports;
 } managed_proxy_t;
 
diff --git a/src/test/Makefile.am b/src/test/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 31a464ee7a..0000000000
--- a/src/test/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-TESTS = test
-
-noinst_PROGRAMS = test test-child bench
-
-AM_CPPFLAGS = -DSHARE_DATADIR="\"$(datadir)\"" \
-        -DLOCALSTATEDIR="\"$(localstatedir)\"" \
-        -DBINDIR="\"$(bindir)\""	       \
-	-I"$(top_srcdir)/src/or"
-
-# -L flags need to go in LDFLAGS. -l flags need to go in LDADD.
-# This seems to matter nowhere but on Windows, but I assure you that it
-# matters a lot there, and is quite hard to debug if you forget to do it.
-
-test_SOURCES = \
-	test.c \
-	test_addr.c \
-	test_containers.c \
-	test_crypto.c \
-	test_data.c \
-	test_dir.c \
-	test_microdesc.c \
-	test_pt.c \
-	test_util.c \
-	test_config.c \
-	tinytest.c
-
-bench_SOURCES = \
-	bench.c
-
-test_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ \
-        @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
-test_LDADD = ../or/libtor.a ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-	../common/libor-event.a \
-	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ \
-	@TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@
-
-bench_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ \
-        @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
-bench_LDADD = ../or/libtor.a ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-	../common/libor-event.a \
-	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ \
-	@TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@
-
-noinst_HEADERS = \
-	tinytest.h \
-	tinytest_macros.h \
-	test.h
-
-
diff --git a/src/test/Makefile.nmake b/src/test/Makefile.nmake
index aec477cf99..562c8df8b5 100644
--- a/src/test/Makefile.nmake
+++ b/src/test/Makefile.nmake
@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
-all: test.exe
+all: test.exe test-child.exe bench.exe
 
-CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include /I ..\common /I ..\or
+CFLAGS = /I ..\win32 /I ..\..\..\build-alpha\include /I ..\common /I ..\or \
+    /I ..\ext
 
 LIBS = ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libevent.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libcrypto.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libssl.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libz.lib \
  ..\or\libtor.lib \
- ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib
+ ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib \
+ crypt32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib
 
 TEST_OBJECTS = test.obj test_addr.obj test_containers.obj \
 	test_crypto.obj test_data.obj test_dir.obj test_microdesc.obj \
-	test_pt.obj test_util.obj test_config.obj tinytest.obj
+	test_pt.obj test_util.obj test_config.obj test_cell_formats.obj \
+	test_replay.obj test_introduce.obj tinytest.obj
+
+tinytest.obj: ..\ext\tinytest.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) /D snprintf=_snprintf /c ..\ext\tinytest.c
 
 test.exe: $(TEST_OBJECTS)
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) ..\common\*.lib $(TEST_OBJECTS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) ..\common\*.lib $(TEST_OBJECTS) /Fe$@
+
+bench.exe: bench.obj
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) bench.obj $(LIBS) ..\common\*.lib /Fe$@
+
+test-child.exe: test-child.obj
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) test-child.obj /Fe$@
 
 clean:
-	del $(TEST_OBJECTS) *.lib test.exe
+	del *.obj *.lib test.exe bench.exe test-child.exe
diff --git a/src/test/bench.c b/src/test/bench.c
index 3eae532d30..706b8bc7fb 100644
--- a/src/test/bench.c
+++ b/src/test/bench.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /* Ordinarily defined in tor_main.c; this bit is just here to provide one
@@ -15,9 +15,24 @@ const char tor_git_revision[] = "";
 #include "orconfig.h"
 
 #define RELAY_PRIVATE
+#define CONFIG_PRIVATE
 
 #include "or.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
 #include "relay.h"
+#include <openssl/opensslv.h>
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_EC
+#include <openssl/ec.h>
+#include <openssl/ecdh.h>
+#include <openssl/obj_mac.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "config.h"
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
+#endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID)
 static uint64_t nanostart;
@@ -97,6 +112,131 @@ bench_aes(void)
 }
 
 static void
+bench_onion_TAP(void)
+{
+  const int iters = 1<<9;
+  int i;
+  crypto_pk_t *key, *key2;
+  uint64_t start, end;
+  char os[TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
+  char or[TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN];
+  crypto_dh_t *dh_out;
+
+  key = crypto_pk_new();
+  key2 = crypto_pk_new();
+  if (crypto_pk_generate_key_with_bits(key, 1024) < 0)
+    goto done;
+  if (crypto_pk_generate_key_with_bits(key2, 1024) < 0)
+    goto done;
+
+  reset_perftime();
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    onion_skin_TAP_create(key, &dh_out, os);
+    crypto_dh_free(dh_out);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Client-side, part 1: %f usec.\n", NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  onion_skin_TAP_create(key, &dh_out, os);
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    char key_out[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake(os, key, NULL, or,
+                                    key_out, sizeof(key_out));
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Server-side, key guessed right: %f usec\n",
+         NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    char key_out[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake(os, key2, key, or,
+                                    key_out, sizeof(key_out));
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Server-side, key guessed wrong: %f usec.\n",
+         NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    crypto_dh_t *dh;
+    char key_out[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    int s;
+    dh = crypto_dh_dup(dh_out);
+    s = onion_skin_TAP_client_handshake(dh, or, key_out, sizeof(key_out));
+    crypto_dh_free(dh);
+    tor_assert(s == 0);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Client-side, part 2: %f usec.\n",
+         NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+ done:
+  crypto_pk_free(key);
+  crypto_pk_free(key2);
+}
+
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+static void
+bench_onion_ntor(void)
+{
+  const int iters = 1<<10;
+  int i;
+  curve25519_keypair_t keypair1, keypair2;
+  uint64_t start, end;
+  uint8_t os[NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN];
+  uint8_t or[NTOR_REPLY_LEN];
+  ntor_handshake_state_t *state = NULL;
+  uint8_t nodeid[DIGEST_LEN];
+  di_digest256_map_t *keymap = NULL;
+
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&keypair1.seckey, 0);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&keypair1.pubkey, &keypair1.seckey);
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&keypair2.seckey, 0);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&keypair2.pubkey, &keypair2.seckey);
+  dimap_add_entry(&keymap, keypair1.pubkey.public_key, &keypair1);
+  dimap_add_entry(&keymap, keypair2.pubkey.public_key, &keypair2);
+
+  reset_perftime();
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    onion_skin_ntor_create(nodeid, &keypair1.pubkey, &state, os);
+    ntor_handshake_state_free(state);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Client-side, part 1: %f usec.\n", NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  state = NULL;
+  onion_skin_ntor_create(nodeid, &keypair1.pubkey, &state, os);
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    uint8_t key_out[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(os, keymap, NULL, nodeid, or,
+                                key_out, sizeof(key_out));
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Server-side: %f usec\n",
+         NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    uint8_t key_out[CPATH_KEY_MATERIAL_LEN];
+    int s;
+    s = onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(state, or, key_out, sizeof(key_out));
+    tor_assert(s == 0);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Client-side, part 2: %f usec.\n",
+         NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e3);
+
+  ntor_handshake_state_free(state);
+  dimap_free(keymap, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
 bench_cell_aes(void)
 {
   uint64_t start, end;
@@ -175,18 +315,18 @@ bench_dmap(void)
          NANOCOUNT(pt3, pt4, iters*elts));
 
   for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, const char *, cp, n += digestset_isin(ds, cp));
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl2, const char *, cp, n += digestset_isin(ds, cp));
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, const char *, cp, n += digestset_contains(ds, cp));
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl2, const char *, cp, n += digestset_contains(ds, cp));
   }
   end = perftime();
-  printf("digestset_isin: %.2f ns per element.\n",
+  printf("digestset_contains: %.2f ns per element.\n",
          NANOCOUNT(pt4, end, iters*elts*2));
   /* We need to use this, or else the whole loop gets optimized out. */
   printf("Hits == %d\n", n);
 
   for (i = 0; i < fpostests; ++i) {
     crypto_rand(d, 20);
-    if (digestset_isin(ds, d)) ++fp;
+    if (digestset_contains(ds, d)) ++fp;
   }
   printf("False positive rate on digestset: %.2f%%\n",
          (fp/(double)fpostests)*100);
@@ -214,8 +354,8 @@ bench_cell_ops(void)
   crypto_rand((char*)cell->payload, sizeof(cell->payload));
 
   /* Mock-up or_circuit_t */
-  or_circ->_base.magic = OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
-  or_circ->_base.purpose = CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR;
+  or_circ->base_.magic = OR_CIRCUIT_MAGIC;
+  or_circ->base_.purpose = CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_OR;
 
   /* Initialize crypto */
   or_circ->p_crypto = crypto_cipher_new(NULL);
@@ -248,6 +388,95 @@ bench_cell_ops(void)
   tor_free(cell);
 }
 
+static void
+bench_dh(void)
+{
+  const int iters = 1<<10;
+  int i;
+  uint64_t start, end;
+
+  reset_perftime();
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    char dh_pubkey_a[DH_BYTES], dh_pubkey_b[DH_BYTES];
+    char secret_a[DH_BYTES], secret_b[DH_BYTES];
+    ssize_t slen_a, slen_b;
+    crypto_dh_t *dh_a = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_TLS);
+    crypto_dh_t *dh_b = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_TLS);
+    crypto_dh_generate_public(dh_a);
+    crypto_dh_generate_public(dh_b);
+    crypto_dh_get_public(dh_a, dh_pubkey_a, sizeof(dh_pubkey_a));
+    crypto_dh_get_public(dh_b, dh_pubkey_b, sizeof(dh_pubkey_b));
+    slen_a = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_NOTICE,
+                                      dh_a, dh_pubkey_b, sizeof(dh_pubkey_b),
+                                      secret_a, sizeof(secret_a));
+    slen_b = crypto_dh_compute_secret(LOG_NOTICE,
+                                      dh_b, dh_pubkey_a, sizeof(dh_pubkey_a),
+                                      secret_b, sizeof(secret_b));
+    tor_assert(slen_a == slen_b);
+    tor_assert(!memcmp(secret_a, secret_b, slen_a));
+    crypto_dh_free(dh_a);
+    crypto_dh_free(dh_b);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Complete DH handshakes (1024 bit, public and private ops):\n"
+         "      %f millisec each.\n", NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e6);
+}
+
+#if (!defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)                    \
+     && OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= OPENSSL_V_SERIES(1,0,0))
+#define HAVE_EC_BENCHMARKS
+static void
+bench_ecdh_impl(int nid, const char *name)
+{
+  const int iters = 1<<10;
+  int i;
+  uint64_t start, end;
+
+  reset_perftime();
+  start = perftime();
+  for (i = 0; i < iters; ++i) {
+    char secret_a[DH_BYTES], secret_b[DH_BYTES];
+    ssize_t slen_a, slen_b;
+    EC_KEY *dh_a = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid);
+    EC_KEY *dh_b = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid);
+    if (!dh_a || !dh_b) {
+      puts("Skipping.  (No implementation?)");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    EC_KEY_generate_key(dh_a);
+    EC_KEY_generate_key(dh_b);
+    slen_a = ECDH_compute_key(secret_a, DH_BYTES,
+                              EC_KEY_get0_public_key(dh_b), dh_a,
+                              NULL);
+    slen_b = ECDH_compute_key(secret_b, DH_BYTES,
+                              EC_KEY_get0_public_key(dh_a), dh_b,
+                              NULL);
+
+    tor_assert(slen_a == slen_b);
+    tor_assert(!memcmp(secret_a, secret_b, slen_a));
+    EC_KEY_free(dh_a);
+    EC_KEY_free(dh_b);
+  }
+  end = perftime();
+  printf("Complete ECDH %s handshakes (2 public and 2 private ops):\n"
+         "      %f millisec each.\n", name, NANOCOUNT(start, end, iters)/1e6);
+}
+
+static void
+bench_ecdh_p256(void)
+{
+  bench_ecdh_impl(NID_X9_62_prime256v1, "P-256");
+}
+
+static void
+bench_ecdh_p224(void)
+{
+  bench_ecdh_impl(NID_secp224r1, "P-224");
+}
+#endif
+
 typedef void (*bench_fn)(void);
 
 typedef struct benchmark_t {
@@ -261,8 +490,17 @@ typedef struct benchmark_t {
 static struct benchmark_t benchmarks[] = {
   ENT(dmap),
   ENT(aes),
+  ENT(onion_TAP),
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  ENT(onion_ntor),
+#endif
   ENT(cell_aes),
   ENT(cell_ops),
+  ENT(dh),
+#ifdef HAVE_EC_BENCHMARKS
+  ENT(ecdh_p256),
+  ENT(ecdh_p224),
+#endif
   {NULL,NULL,0}
 };
 
@@ -286,6 +524,8 @@ main(int argc, const char **argv)
   int i;
   int list=0, n_enabled=0;
   benchmark_t *b;
+  char *errmsg;
+  or_options_t *options;
 
   tor_threads_init();
 
@@ -306,6 +546,16 @@ main(int argc, const char **argv)
   reset_perftime();
 
   crypto_seed_rng(1);
+  options = options_new();
+  init_logging();
+  options->command = CMD_RUN_UNITTESTS;
+  options->DataDirectory = tor_strdup("");
+  options_init(options);
+  if (set_options(options, &errmsg) < 0) {
+    printf("Failed to set initial options: %s\n", errmsg);
+    tor_free(errmsg);
+    return 1;
+  }
 
   for (b = benchmarks; b->name; ++b) {
     if (b->enabled || n_enabled == 0) {
diff --git a/src/test/include.am b/src/test/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..112d1a79d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+TESTS+= src/test/test
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS+= src/test/test src/test/test-child src/test/bench
+
+src_test_AM_CPPFLAGS = -DSHARE_DATADIR="\"$(datadir)\"" \
+        -DLOCALSTATEDIR="\"$(localstatedir)\"" \
+        -DBINDIR="\"$(bindir)\""	       \
+	-I"$(top_srcdir)/src/or" -I"$(top_srcdir)/src/ext"
+
+# -L flags need to go in LDFLAGS. -l flags need to go in LDADD.
+# This seems to matter nowhere but on Windows, but I assure you that it
+# matters a lot there, and is quite hard to debug if you forget to do it.
+
+src_test_test_SOURCES = \
+	src/test/test.c \
+	src/test/test_addr.c \
+	src/test/test_cell_formats.c \
+	src/test/test_containers.c \
+	src/test/test_crypto.c \
+	src/test/test_data.c \
+	src/test/test_dir.c \
+	src/test/test_introduce.c \
+	src/test/test_microdesc.c \
+	src/test/test_pt.c \
+	src/test/test_replay.c \
+	src/test/test_util.c \
+	src/test/test_config.c \
+	src/ext/tinytest.c
+
+src_test_test_CPPFLAGS= $(src_test_AM_CPPFLAGS)
+
+src_test_bench_SOURCES = \
+	src/test/bench.c
+
+src_test_bench_CPPFLAGS= $(src_test_AM_CPPFLAGS)
+
+src_test_test_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ \
+        @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
+src_test_test_LDADD = src/or/libtor.a src/common/libor.a \
+	src/common/libor-crypto.a $(LIBDONNA) \
+	src/common/libor-event.a \
+	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ \
+	@TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+
+src_test_bench_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@ \
+        @TOR_LDFLAGS_libevent@
+src_test_bench_LDADD = src/or/libtor.a src/common/libor.a \
+	src/common/libor-crypto.a $(LIBDONNA) \
+	src/common/libor-event.a \
+	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIBEVENT_LIBS@ \
+	@TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+
+noinst_HEADERS+= \
+	src/test/test.h
+
+if CURVE25519_ENABLED
+noinst_PROGRAMS+= src/test/test-ntor-cl
+src_test_test_ntor_cl_SOURCES  = src/test/test_ntor_cl.c
+src_test_test_ntor_cl_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@
+src_test_test_ntor_cl_LDADD = src/or/libtor.a src/common/libor.a \
+	src/common/libor-crypto.a $(LIBDONNA) \
+	@TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_MATH@ \
+	@TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+src_test_test_ntor_cl_AM_CPPFLAGS =	       \
+	-I"$(top_srcdir)/src/or"
+
+endif
+
diff --git a/src/test/ntor_ref.py b/src/test/ntor_ref.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ade468da7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ntor_ref.py
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+# Copyright 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc
+# See LICENSE for licensing information
+
+"""
+ntor_ref.py
+
+
+This module is a reference implementation for the "ntor" protocol
+s proposed by Goldberg, Stebila, and Ustaoglu and as instantiated in
+Tor Proposal 216.
+
+It's meant to be used to validate Tor's ntor implementation.  It
+requirs the curve25519 python module from the curve25519-donna
+package.
+
+                *** DO NOT USE THIS IN PRODUCTION. ***
+
+commands:
+
+   gen_kdf_vectors: Print out some test vectors for the RFC5869 KDF.
+   timing: Print a little timing information about this implementation's
+      handshake.
+   self-test: Try handshaking with ourself; make sure we can.
+   test-tor: Handshake with tor's ntor implementation via the program
+      src/test/test-ntor-cl; make sure we can.
+
+"""
+
+import binascii
+import curve25519
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import subprocess
+
+# **********************************************************************
+# Helpers and constants
+
+def HMAC(key,msg):
+    "Return the HMAC-SHA256 of 'msg' using the key 'key'."
+    H = hmac.new(key, "", hashlib.sha256)
+    H.update(msg)
+    return H.digest()
+
+def H(msg,tweak):
+    """Return the hash of 'msg' using tweak 'tweak'.  (In this version of ntor,
+       the tweaked hash is just HMAC with the tweak as the key.)"""
+    return HMAC(key=tweak,
+                msg=msg)
+
+def keyid(k):
+    """Return the 32-byte key ID of a public key 'k'. (Since we're
+       using curve25519, we let k be its own keyid.)
+    """
+    return k.serialize()
+
+NODE_ID_LENGTH = 20
+KEYID_LENGTH = 32
+G_LENGTH = 32
+H_LENGTH = 32
+
+PROTOID = b"ntor-curve25519-sha256-1"
+M_EXPAND = PROTOID + ":key_expand"
+T_MAC    = PROTOID + ":mac"
+T_KEY    = PROTOID + ":key_extract"
+T_VERIFY = PROTOID + ":verify"
+
+def H_mac(msg): return H(msg, tweak=T_MAC)
+def H_verify(msg): return H(msg, tweak=T_VERIFY)
+
+class PrivateKey(curve25519.keys.Private):
+    """As curve25519.keys.Private, but doesn't regenerate its public key
+       every time you ask for it.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        curve25519.keys.Private.__init__(self)
+        self._memo_public = None
+
+    def get_public(self):
+        if self._memo_public is None:
+            self._memo_public = curve25519.keys.Private.get_public(self)
+
+        return self._memo_public
+
+# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+def kdf_rfc5869(key, salt, info, n):
+
+    prk = HMAC(key=salt, msg=key)
+
+    out = b""
+    last = b""
+    i = 1
+    while len(out) < n:
+        m = last + info + chr(i)
+        last = h = HMAC(key=prk, msg=m)
+        out += h
+        i = i + 1
+    return out[:n]
+
+def kdf_ntor(key, n):
+    return kdf_rfc5869(key, T_KEY, M_EXPAND, n)
+
+# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+def client_part1(node_id, pubkey_B):
+    """Initial handshake, client side.
+
+       From the specification:
+
+         <<To send a create cell, the client generates a keypair x,X =
+           KEYGEN(), and sends a CREATE cell with contents:
+
+           NODEID:     ID             -- ID_LENGTH bytes
+           KEYID:      KEYID(B)       -- H_LENGTH bytes
+           CLIENT_PK:  X              -- G_LENGTH bytes
+         >>
+
+       Takes node_id -- a digest of the server's identity key,
+             pubkey_B -- a public key for the server.
+       Returns a tuple of (client secret key x, client->server message)"""
+
+    assert len(node_id) == NODE_ID_LENGTH
+
+    key_id = keyid(pubkey_B)
+    seckey_x = PrivateKey()
+    pubkey_X = seckey_x.get_public().serialize()
+
+    message = node_id + key_id + pubkey_X
+
+    assert len(message) == NODE_ID_LENGTH + H_LENGTH + H_LENGTH
+    return seckey_x , message
+
+def hash_nil(x):
+    """Identity function: if we don't pass a hash function that does nothing,
+       the curve25519 python lib will try to sha256 it for us."""
+    return x
+
+def bad_result(r):
+    """Helper: given a result of multiplying a public key by a private key,
+       return True iff one of the inputs was broken"""
+    assert len(r) == 32
+    return r == '\x00'*32
+
+def server(seckey_b, my_node_id, message, keyBytes=72):
+    """Handshake step 2, server side.
+
+       From the spec:
+
+       <<
+         The server generates a keypair of y,Y = KEYGEN(), and computes
+
+           secret_input = EXP(X,y) | EXP(X,b) | ID | B | X | Y | PROTOID
+           KEY_SEED = H(secret_input, t_key)
+           verify = H(secret_input, t_verify)
+           auth_input = verify | ID | B | Y | X | PROTOID | "Server"
+
+         The server sends a CREATED cell containing:
+
+           SERVER_PK:  Y                     -- G_LENGTH bytes
+           AUTH:       H(auth_input, t_mac)  -- H_LENGTH byets
+        >>
+
+       Takes seckey_b -- the server's secret key
+             my_node_id -- the servers's public key digest,
+             message -- a message from a client
+             keybytes -- amount of key material to generate
+
+       Returns a tuple of (key material, sever->client reply), or None on
+       error.
+    """
+
+    assert len(message) == NODE_ID_LENGTH + H_LENGTH + H_LENGTH
+
+    if my_node_id != message[:NODE_ID_LENGTH]:
+        return None
+
+    badness = (keyid(seckey_b.get_public()) !=
+               message[NODE_ID_LENGTH:NODE_ID_LENGTH+H_LENGTH])
+
+    pubkey_X = curve25519.keys.Public(message[NODE_ID_LENGTH+H_LENGTH:])
+    seckey_y = PrivateKey()
+    pubkey_Y = seckey_y.get_public()
+    pubkey_B = seckey_b.get_public()
+    xy = seckey_y.get_shared_key(pubkey_X, hash_nil)
+    xb = seckey_b.get_shared_key(pubkey_X, hash_nil)
+
+    # secret_input = EXP(X,y) | EXP(X,b) | ID | B | X | Y | PROTOID
+    secret_input = (xy + xb + my_node_id +
+                    pubkey_B.serialize() +
+                    pubkey_X.serialize() +
+                    pubkey_Y.serialize() +
+                    PROTOID)
+
+    verify = H_verify(secret_input)
+
+    # auth_input = verify | ID | B | Y | X | PROTOID | "Server"
+    auth_input = (verify +
+                  my_node_id +
+                  pubkey_B.serialize() +
+                  pubkey_Y.serialize() +
+                  pubkey_X.serialize() +
+                  PROTOID +
+                  "Server")
+
+    msg = pubkey_Y.serialize() + H_mac(auth_input)
+
+    badness += bad_result(xb)
+    badness += bad_result(xy)
+
+    if badness:
+        return None
+
+    keys = kdf_ntor(secret_input, keyBytes)
+
+    return keys, msg
+
+def client_part2(seckey_x, msg, node_id, pubkey_B, keyBytes=72):
+    """Handshake step 3: client side again.
+
+       From the spec:
+
+       <<
+         The client then checks Y is in G^* [see NOTE below], and computes
+
+         secret_input = EXP(Y,x) | EXP(B,x) | ID | B | X | Y | PROTOID
+         KEY_SEED = H(secret_input, t_key)
+         verify = H(secret_input, t_verify)
+         auth_input = verify | ID | B | Y | X | PROTOID | "Server"
+
+         The client verifies that AUTH == H(auth_input, t_mac).
+       >>
+
+       Takes seckey_x -- the secret key we generated in step 1.
+             msg -- the message from the server.
+             node_id -- the node_id we used in step 1.
+             server_key -- the same public key we used in step 1.
+             keyBytes -- the number of bytes we want to generate
+       Returns key material, or None on error
+
+    """
+    assert len(msg) == G_LENGTH + H_LENGTH
+
+    pubkey_Y = curve25519.keys.Public(msg[:G_LENGTH])
+    their_auth = msg[G_LENGTH:]
+
+    pubkey_X = seckey_x.get_public()
+
+    yx = seckey_x.get_shared_key(pubkey_Y, hash_nil)
+    bx = seckey_x.get_shared_key(pubkey_B, hash_nil)
+
+
+    # secret_input = EXP(Y,x) | EXP(B,x) | ID | B | X | Y | PROTOID
+    secret_input = (yx + bx + node_id +
+                    pubkey_B.serialize() +
+                    pubkey_X.serialize() +
+                    pubkey_Y.serialize() + PROTOID)
+
+    verify = H_verify(secret_input)
+
+    # auth_input = verify | ID | B | Y | X | PROTOID | "Server"
+    auth_input = (verify + node_id +
+                  pubkey_B.serialize() +
+                  pubkey_Y.serialize() +
+                  pubkey_X.serialize() + PROTOID +
+                  "Server")
+
+    my_auth = H_mac(auth_input)
+
+    badness = my_auth != their_auth
+    badness = bad_result(yx) + bad_result(bx)
+
+    if badness:
+        return None
+
+    return kdf_ntor(secret_input, keyBytes)
+
+# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+def demo(node_id="iToldYouAboutStairs.", server_key=PrivateKey()):
+    """
+       Try to handshake with ourself.
+    """
+    x, create = client_part1(node_id, server_key.get_public())
+    skeys, created = server(server_key, node_id, create)
+    ckeys = client_part2(x, created, node_id, server_key.get_public())
+    assert len(skeys) == 72
+    assert len(ckeys) == 72
+    assert skeys == ckeys
+
+# ======================================================================
+def timing():
+    """
+       Use Python's timeit module to see how fast this nonsense is
+    """
+    import timeit
+    t = timeit.Timer(stmt="ntor_ref.demo(N,SK)",
+       setup="import ntor_ref,curve25519;N='ABCD'*5;SK=ntor_ref.PrivateKey()")
+    print t.timeit(number=1000)
+
+# ======================================================================
+
+def kdf_vectors():
+    """
+       Generate some vectors to check our KDF.
+    """
+    import binascii
+    def kdf_vec(inp):
+        k = kdf(inp, T_KEY, M_EXPAND, 100)
+        print repr(inp), "\n\""+ binascii.b2a_hex(k)+ "\""
+    kdf_vec("")
+    kdf_vec("Tor")
+    kdf_vec("AN ALARMING ITEM TO FIND ON YOUR CREDIT-RATING STATEMENT")
+
+# ======================================================================
+
+
+def test_tor():
+    """
+       Call the test-ntor-cl command-line program to make sure we can
+       interoperate with Tor's ntor program
+    """
+    enhex=binascii.b2a_hex
+    dehex=lambda s: binascii.a2b_hex(s.strip())
+
+    PROG = "./src/test/test-ntor-cl"
+    def tor_client1(node_id, pubkey_B):
+        " returns (msg, state) "
+        p = subprocess.Popen([PROG, "client1", enhex(node_id),
+                              enhex(pubkey_B.serialize())],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        return map(dehex, p.stdout.readlines())
+    def tor_server1(seckey_b, node_id, msg, n):
+        " returns (msg, keys) "
+        p = subprocess.Popen([PROG, "server1", enhex(seckey_b.serialize()),
+                              enhex(node_id), enhex(msg), str(n)],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        return map(dehex, p.stdout.readlines())
+    def tor_client2(state, msg, n):
+        " returns (keys,) "
+        p = subprocess.Popen([PROG, "client2", enhex(state),
+                              enhex(msg), str(n)],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        return map(dehex, p.stdout.readlines())
+
+
+    node_id = "thisisatornodeid$#%^"
+    seckey_b = PrivateKey()
+    pubkey_B = seckey_b.get_public()
+
+    # Do a pure-Tor handshake
+    c2s_msg, c_state = tor_client1(node_id, pubkey_B)
+    s2c_msg, s_keys = tor_server1(seckey_b, node_id, c2s_msg, 90)
+    c_keys, = tor_client2(c_state, s2c_msg, 90)
+    assert c_keys == s_keys
+    assert len(c_keys) == 90
+
+    # Try a mixed handshake with Tor as the client
+    c2s_msg, c_state = tor_client1(node_id, pubkey_B)
+    s_keys, s2c_msg = server(seckey_b, node_id, c2s_msg, 90)
+    c_keys, = tor_client2(c_state, s2c_msg, 90)
+    assert c_keys == s_keys
+    assert len(c_keys) == 90
+
+    # Now do a mixed handshake with Tor as the server
+    c_x, c2s_msg = client_part1(node_id, pubkey_B)
+    s2c_msg, s_keys = tor_server1(seckey_b, node_id, c2s_msg, 90)
+    c_keys = client_part2(c_x, s2c_msg, node_id, pubkey_B, 90)
+    assert c_keys == s_keys
+    assert len(c_keys) == 90
+
+    print "We just interoperated."
+
+# ======================================================================
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if sys.argv[1] == 'gen_kdf_vectors':
+        kdf_vectors()
+    elif sys.argv[1] == 'timing':
+        timing()
+    elif sys.argv[1] == 'self-test':
+        demo()
+    elif sys.argv[1] == 'test-tor':
+        test_tor()
+
+    else:
+        print __doc__
diff --git a/src/test/test-child.c b/src/test/test-child.c
index c5725f1c5a..ef10fbb922 100644
--- a/src/test/test-child.c
+++ b/src/test/test-child.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2011-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2011-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
diff --git a/src/test/test.c b/src/test/test.c
index ae423948ec..c2911d842c 100644
--- a/src/test/test.c
+++ b/src/test/test.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /* Ordinarily defined in tor_main.c; this bit is just here to provide one
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const char tor_git_revision[] = "";
 #define CONFIG_PRIVATE
 #define GEOIP_PRIVATE
 #define ROUTER_PRIVATE
-#define CIRCUIT_PRIVATE
+#define CIRCUITSTATS_PRIVATE
 
 /*
  * Linux doesn't provide lround in math.h by default, but mac os does...
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ double fabs(double x);
 
 #include "or.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
-#include "circuitbuild.h"
+#include "circuitlist.h"
+#include "circuitstats.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "geoip.h"
@@ -54,9 +55,14 @@ double fabs(double x);
 #include "mempool.h"
 #include "memarea.h"
 #include "onion.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
 #include "policies.h"
 #include "rephist.h"
 #include "routerparse.h"
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DMALLOC
 #include <dmalloc.h>
@@ -84,8 +90,14 @@ setup_directory(void)
 {
   static int is_setup = 0;
   int r;
+  char rnd[256], rnd32[256];
   if (is_setup) return;
 
+/* Due to base32 limitation needs to be a multiple of 5. */
+#define RAND_PATH_BYTES 5
+  crypto_rand(rnd, RAND_PATH_BYTES);
+  base32_encode(rnd32, sizeof(rnd32), rnd, RAND_PATH_BYTES);
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
   {
     char buf[MAX_PATH];
@@ -94,11 +106,12 @@ setup_directory(void)
     if (!GetTempPathA(sizeof(buf),buf))
       tmp = "c:\\windows\\temp";
     tor_snprintf(temp_dir, sizeof(temp_dir),
-                 "%s\\tor_test_%d", tmp, (int)getpid());
+                 "%s\\tor_test_%d_%s", tmp, (int)getpid(), rnd32);
     r = mkdir(temp_dir);
   }
 #else
-  tor_snprintf(temp_dir, sizeof(temp_dir), "/tmp/tor_test_%d", (int) getpid());
+  tor_snprintf(temp_dir, sizeof(temp_dir), "/tmp/tor_test_%d_%s",
+               (int) getpid(), rnd32);
   r = mkdir(temp_dir, 0700);
 #endif
   if (r) {
@@ -352,7 +365,7 @@ test_socks_5_unsupported_commands(void *ptr)
   test_eq(5, socks->socks_version);
   test_eq(2, socks->replylen);
   test_eq(5, socks->reply[0]);
-  test_eq(0, socks->reply[1]);
+  test_eq(2, socks->reply[1]);
   ADD_DATA(buf, "\x05\x03\x00\x01\x02\x02\x02\x01\x01\x01");
   test_eq(fetch_from_buf_socks(buf, socks, get_options()->TestSocks,
                                get_options()->SafeSocks), -1);
@@ -457,7 +470,7 @@ test_socks_5_no_authenticate(void *ptr)
                                     get_options()->SafeSocks));
   test_eq(5, socks->socks_version);
   test_eq(2, socks->replylen);
-  test_eq(5, socks->reply[0]);
+  test_eq(1, socks->reply[0]);
   test_eq(0, socks->reply[1]);
 
   test_eq(2, socks->usernamelen);
@@ -496,7 +509,7 @@ test_socks_5_authenticate(void *ptr)
                                    get_options()->SafeSocks));
   test_eq(5, socks->socks_version);
   test_eq(2, socks->replylen);
-  test_eq(5, socks->reply[0]);
+  test_eq(1, socks->reply[0]);
   test_eq(0, socks->reply[1]);
 
   test_eq(2, socks->usernamelen);
@@ -536,7 +549,7 @@ test_socks_5_authenticate_with_data(void *ptr)
                                    get_options()->SafeSocks) == 1);
   test_eq(5, socks->socks_version);
   test_eq(2, socks->replylen);
-  test_eq(5, socks->reply[0]);
+  test_eq(1, socks->reply[0]);
   test_eq(0, socks->reply[1]);
 
   test_streq("2.2.2.2", socks->address);
@@ -827,11 +840,11 @@ test_onion_handshake(void)
 {
   /* client-side */
   crypto_dh_t *c_dh = NULL;
-  char c_buf[ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
+  char c_buf[TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
   char c_keys[40];
 
   /* server-side */
-  char s_buf[ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN];
+  char s_buf[TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN];
   char s_keys[40];
 
   /* shared */
@@ -840,18 +853,18 @@ test_onion_handshake(void)
   pk = pk_generate(0);
 
   /* client handshake 1. */
-  memset(c_buf, 0, ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
-  test_assert(! onion_skin_create(pk, &c_dh, c_buf));
+  memset(c_buf, 0, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  test_assert(! onion_skin_TAP_create(pk, &c_dh, c_buf));
 
   /* server handshake */
-  memset(s_buf, 0, ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  memset(s_buf, 0, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
   memset(s_keys, 0, 40);
-  test_assert(! onion_skin_server_handshake(c_buf, pk, NULL,
+  test_assert(! onion_skin_TAP_server_handshake(c_buf, pk, NULL,
                                             s_buf, s_keys, 40));
 
   /* client handshake 2 */
   memset(c_keys, 0, 40);
-  test_assert(! onion_skin_client_handshake(c_dh, s_buf, c_keys, 40));
+  test_assert(! onion_skin_TAP_client_handshake(c_dh, s_buf, c_keys, 40));
 
   if (memcmp(c_keys, s_keys, 40)) {
     puts("Aiiiie");
@@ -868,6 +881,103 @@ test_onion_handshake(void)
     crypto_pk_free(pk);
 }
 
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+static void
+test_ntor_handshake(void *arg)
+{
+  /* client-side */
+  ntor_handshake_state_t *c_state = NULL;
+  uint8_t c_buf[NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN];
+  uint8_t c_keys[400];
+
+  /* server-side */
+  di_digest256_map_t *s_keymap=NULL;
+  curve25519_keypair_t s_keypair;
+  uint8_t s_buf[NTOR_REPLY_LEN];
+  uint8_t s_keys[400];
+
+  /* shared */
+  const curve25519_public_key_t *server_pubkey;
+  uint8_t node_id[20] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrst";
+
+  (void) arg;
+
+  /* Make the server some keys */
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&s_keypair.seckey, 0);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&s_keypair.pubkey, &s_keypair.seckey);
+  dimap_add_entry(&s_keymap, s_keypair.pubkey.public_key, &s_keypair);
+  server_pubkey = &s_keypair.pubkey;
+
+  /* client handshake 1. */
+  memset(c_buf, 0, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, onion_skin_ntor_create(node_id, server_pubkey,
+                                          &c_state, c_buf));
+
+  /* server handshake */
+  memset(s_buf, 0, NTOR_REPLY_LEN);
+  memset(s_keys, 0, 40);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(c_buf, s_keymap, NULL,
+                                                    node_id,
+                                                    s_buf, s_keys, 400));
+
+  /* client handshake 2 */
+  memset(c_keys, 0, 40);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(c_state, s_buf,
+                                                    c_keys, 400));
+
+  test_memeq(c_keys, s_keys, 400);
+  memset(s_buf, 0, 40);
+  test_memneq(c_keys, s_buf, 40);
+
+ done:
+  ntor_handshake_state_free(c_state);
+  dimap_free(s_keymap, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Run unit tests for the onion queues. */
+static void
+test_onion_queues(void)
+{
+  uint8_t buf1[TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN] = {0};
+  uint8_t buf2[NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN] = {0};
+
+  or_circuit_t *circ1 = or_circuit_new(0, NULL);
+  or_circuit_t *circ2 = or_circuit_new(0, NULL);
+
+  create_cell_t *onionskin = NULL;
+  create_cell_t *create1 = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(create_cell_t));
+  create_cell_t *create2 = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(create_cell_t));
+
+  create_cell_init(create1, CELL_CREATE, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP,
+                   TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, buf1);
+  create_cell_init(create2, CELL_CREATE, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR,
+                   NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN, buf2);
+
+  test_eq(0, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP));
+  test_eq(0, onion_pending_add(circ1, create1));
+  test_eq(1, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP));
+
+  test_eq(0, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR));
+  test_eq(0, onion_pending_add(circ2, create2));
+  test_eq(1, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR));
+
+  test_eq_ptr(circ2, onion_next_task(&onionskin));
+  test_eq(1, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP));
+  test_eq(0, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR));
+
+  clear_pending_onions();
+  test_eq(0, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP));
+  test_eq(0, onion_num_pending(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR));
+
+ done:
+  ;
+//  circuit_free(circ1);
+//  circuit_free(circ2);
+  /* and free create1 and create2 */
+  /* XXX leaks everything here */
+}
+
 static void
 test_circuit_timeout(void)
 {
@@ -1056,9 +1166,9 @@ test_policy_summary_helper(const char *policy_str,
   line.value = (char *)policy_str;
   line.next = NULL;
 
-  r = policies_parse_exit_policy(&line, &policy, 0, NULL, 1);
+  r = policies_parse_exit_policy(&line, &policy, 1, 0, NULL, 1);
   test_eq(r, 0);
-  summary = policy_summarize(policy);
+  summary = policy_summarize(policy, AF_INET);
 
   test_assert(summary != NULL);
   test_streq(summary, expected_summary);
@@ -1113,7 +1223,7 @@ test_policies(void)
   test_assert(ADDR_POLICY_REJECTED ==
           compare_tor_addr_to_addr_policy(&tar, 2, policy));
 
-  test_assert(0 == policies_parse_exit_policy(NULL, &policy2, 1, NULL, 1));
+  test_assert(0 == policies_parse_exit_policy(NULL, &policy2, 1, 1, NULL, 1));
   test_assert(policy2);
 
   policy3 = smartlist_new();
@@ -1188,9 +1298,9 @@ test_policies(void)
   test_assert(!cmp_addr_policies(policy2, policy2));
   test_assert(!cmp_addr_policies(NULL, NULL));
 
-  test_assert(!policy_is_reject_star(policy2));
-  test_assert(policy_is_reject_star(policy));
-  test_assert(policy_is_reject_star(NULL));
+  test_assert(!policy_is_reject_star(policy2, AF_INET));
+  test_assert(policy_is_reject_star(policy, AF_INET));
+  test_assert(policy_is_reject_star(NULL, AF_INET));
 
   addr_policy_list_free(policy);
   policy = NULL;
@@ -1200,11 +1310,11 @@ test_policies(void)
   line.key = (char*)"foo";
   line.value = (char*)"accept *:80,reject private:*,reject *:*";
   line.next = NULL;
-  test_assert(0 == policies_parse_exit_policy(&line, &policy, 0, NULL, 1));
+  test_assert(0 == policies_parse_exit_policy(&line, &policy, 1, 0, NULL, 1));
   test_assert(policy);
   //test_streq(policy->string, "accept *:80");
   //test_streq(policy->next->string, "reject *:*");
-  test_eq(smartlist_len(policy), 2);
+  test_eq(smartlist_len(policy), 4);
 
   /* test policy summaries */
   /* check if we properly ignore private IP addresses */
@@ -1366,11 +1476,20 @@ test_rend_fns(void)
   char address2[] = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.onion";
   char address3[] = "fooaddress.exit";
   char address4[] = "www.torproject.org";
+  char address5[] = "foo.abcdefghijklmnop.onion";
+  char address6[] = "foo.bar.abcdefghijklmnop.onion";
+  char address7[] = ".abcdefghijklmnop.onion";
 
   test_assert(BAD_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address1));
   test_assert(ONION_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address2));
+  test_streq(address2, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
   test_assert(EXIT_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address3));
   test_assert(NORMAL_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address4));
+  test_assert(ONION_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address5));
+  test_streq(address5, "abcdefghijklmnop");
+  test_assert(ONION_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address6));
+  test_streq(address6, "abcdefghijklmnop");
+  test_assert(BAD_HOSTNAME == parse_extended_hostname(address7));
 
   pk1 = pk_generate(0);
   pk2 = pk_generate(1);
@@ -1466,66 +1585,43 @@ test_geoip(void)
 {
   int i, j;
   time_t now = 1281533250; /* 2010-08-11 13:27:30 UTC */
-  char *s = NULL;
+  char *s = NULL, *v = NULL;
   const char *bridge_stats_1 =
       "bridge-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
-      "bridge-ips zz=24,xy=8\n",
+      "bridge-ips zz=24,xy=8\n"
+      "bridge-ip-versions v4=16,v6=16\n",
   *dirreq_stats_1 =
       "dirreq-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "dirreq-v3-ips ab=8\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-ips \n"
       "dirreq-v3-reqs ab=8\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-reqs \n"
       "dirreq-v3-resp ok=0,not-enough-sigs=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,"
           "not-modified=0,busy=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-resp ok=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,not-modified=0,"
-          "busy=0\n"
       "dirreq-v3-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
+      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
   *dirreq_stats_2 =
       "dirreq-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "dirreq-v3-ips \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-ips \n"
       "dirreq-v3-reqs \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-reqs \n"
       "dirreq-v3-resp ok=0,not-enough-sigs=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,"
           "not-modified=0,busy=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-resp ok=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,not-modified=0,"
-          "busy=0\n"
       "dirreq-v3-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
+      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
   *dirreq_stats_3 =
       "dirreq-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "dirreq-v3-ips \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-ips \n"
       "dirreq-v3-reqs \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-reqs \n"
       "dirreq-v3-resp ok=8,not-enough-sigs=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,"
           "not-modified=0,busy=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-resp ok=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,not-modified=0,"
-          "busy=0\n"
       "dirreq-v3-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
+      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
   *dirreq_stats_4 =
       "dirreq-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "dirreq-v3-ips \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-ips \n"
       "dirreq-v3-reqs \n"
-      "dirreq-v2-reqs \n"
       "dirreq-v3-resp ok=8,not-enough-sigs=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,"
           "not-modified=0,busy=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-resp ok=0,unavailable=0,not-found=0,not-modified=0,"
-          "busy=0\n"
       "dirreq-v3-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-direct-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n"
-      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=4\n"
-      "dirreq-v2-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=0\n",
+      "dirreq-v3-tunneled-dl complete=0,timeout=0,running=4\n",
   *entry_stats_1 =
       "entry-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "entry-ips ab=8\n",
@@ -1533,61 +1629,109 @@ test_geoip(void)
       "entry-stats-end 2010-08-12 13:27:30 (86400 s)\n"
       "entry-ips \n";
   tor_addr_t addr;
+  struct in6_addr in6;
 
   /* Populate the DB a bit.  Add these in order, since we can't do the final
    * 'sort' step.  These aren't very good IP addresses, but they're perfectly
    * fine uint32_t values. */
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("10,50,AB"));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("52,90,XY"));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("95,100,AB"));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"105\",\"140\",\"ZZ\""));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"150\",\"190\",\"XY\""));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"200\",\"250\",\"AB\""));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("10,50,AB", AF_INET));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("52,90,XY", AF_INET));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("95,100,AB", AF_INET));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"105\",\"140\",\"ZZ\"", AF_INET));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"150\",\"190\",\"XY\"", AF_INET));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("\"200\",\"250\",\"AB\"", AF_INET));
+
+  /* Populate the IPv6 DB equivalently with fake IPs in the same range */
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::a,::32,AB", AF_INET6));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::34,::5a,XY", AF_INET6));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::5f,::64,AB", AF_INET6));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::69,::8c,ZZ", AF_INET6));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::96,::be,XY", AF_INET6));
+  test_eq(0, geoip_parse_entry("::c8,::fa,AB", AF_INET6));
 
   /* We should have 4 countries: ??, ab, xy, zz. */
   test_eq(4, geoip_get_n_countries());
+  memset(&in6, 0, sizeof(in6));
+
   /* Make sure that country ID actually works. */
-#define NAMEFOR(x) geoip_get_country_name(geoip_get_country_by_ip(x))
-  test_streq("??", NAMEFOR(3));
-  test_eq(0, geoip_get_country_by_ip(3));
-  test_streq("ab", NAMEFOR(32));
-  test_streq("??", NAMEFOR(5));
-  test_streq("??", NAMEFOR(51));
-  test_streq("xy", NAMEFOR(150));
-  test_streq("xy", NAMEFOR(190));
-  test_streq("??", NAMEFOR(2000));
-#undef NAMEFOR
+#define SET_TEST_IPV6(i) \
+  do {                                                          \
+    set_uint32(in6.s6_addr + 12, htonl((uint32_t) (i)));        \
+  } while (0)
+#define CHECK_COUNTRY(country, val) do {                                \
+    /* test ipv4 country lookup */                                      \
+    test_streq(country,                                                 \
+               geoip_get_country_name(geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(val))); \
+    /* test ipv6 country lookup */                                      \
+    SET_TEST_IPV6(val);                                                 \
+    test_streq(country,                                                 \
+               geoip_get_country_name(geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(&in6))); \
+  } while (0)
+
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("??", 3);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("ab", 32);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("??", 5);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("??", 51);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("xy", 150);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("xy", 190);
+  CHECK_COUNTRY("??", 2000);
+
+  test_eq(0, geoip_get_country_by_ipv4(3));
+  SET_TEST_IPV6(3);
+  test_eq(0, geoip_get_country_by_ipv6(&in6));
+
+#undef CHECK_COUNTRY
+
+  /* Record odd numbered fake-IPs using ipv6, even numbered fake-IPs
+   * using ipv4.  Since our fake geoip database is the same between
+   * ipv4 and ipv6, we should get the same result no matter which
+   * address family we pick for each IP. */
+#define SET_TEST_ADDRESS(i) do {                \
+    if ((i) & 1) {                              \
+      SET_TEST_IPV6(i);                         \
+      tor_addr_from_in6(&addr, &in6);           \
+    } else {                                    \
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) i); \
+    }                                           \
+  } while (0)
 
   get_options_mutable()->BridgeRelay = 1;
   get_options_mutable()->BridgeRecordUsageByCountry = 1;
   /* Put 9 observations in AB... */
   for (i=32; i < 40; ++i) {
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) i);
+    SET_TEST_ADDRESS(i);
     geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now-7200);
   }
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 225);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(225);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now-7200);
   /* and 3 observations in XY, several times. */
   for (j=0; j < 10; ++j)
     for (i=52; i < 55; ++i) {
-      tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) i);
+      SET_TEST_ADDRESS(i);
       geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now-3600);
     }
   /* and 17 observations in ZZ... */
   for (i=110; i < 127; ++i) {
-    tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) i);
+    SET_TEST_ADDRESS(i);
     geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now);
   }
-  s = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &s, &v);
   test_assert(s);
+  test_assert(v);
   test_streq("zz=24,ab=16,xy=8", s);
+  test_streq("v4=16,v6=16", v);
   tor_free(s);
+  tor_free(v);
 
   /* Now clear out all the AB observations. */
   geoip_remove_old_clients(now-6000);
-  s = geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT);
+  geoip_get_client_history(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &s, &v);
   test_assert(s);
+  test_assert(v);
   test_streq("zz=24,xy=8", s);
+  test_streq("v4=16,v6=16", v);
+  tor_free(s);
+  tor_free(v);
 
   /* Start testing bridge statistics by making sure that we don't output
    * bridge stats without initializing them. */
@@ -1598,6 +1742,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
    * the connecting clients added above. */
   geoip_bridge_stats_init(now);
   s = geoip_format_bridge_stats(now + 86400);
+  test_assert(s);
   test_streq(bridge_stats_1, s);
   tor_free(s);
 
@@ -1616,7 +1761,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
 
   /* Start testing dirreq statistics by making sure that we don't collect
    * dirreq stats without initializing them. */
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
   test_assert(!s);
@@ -1624,7 +1769,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Initialize stats, note one connecting client, and generate the
    * dirreq-stats history string. */
   geoip_dirreq_stats_init(now);
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
   test_streq(dirreq_stats_1, s);
@@ -1633,7 +1778,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Stop collecting stats, add another connecting client, and ensure we
    * don't generate a history string. */
   geoip_dirreq_stats_term();
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 101);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(101);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
   test_assert(!s);
@@ -1641,7 +1786,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Re-start stats, add a connecting client, reset stats, and make sure
    * that we get an all empty history string. */
   geoip_dirreq_stats_init(now);
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, &addr, now);
   geoip_reset_dirreq_stats(now);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
@@ -1650,14 +1795,13 @@ test_geoip(void)
 
   /* Note a successful network status response and make sure that it
    * appears in the history string. */
-  geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS, GEOIP_SUCCESS);
+  geoip_note_ns_response(GEOIP_SUCCESS);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
   test_streq(dirreq_stats_3, s);
   tor_free(s);
 
   /* Start a tunneled directory request. */
-  geoip_start_dirreq((uint64_t) 1, 1024, GEOIP_CLIENT_NETWORKSTATUS,
-                     DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
+  geoip_start_dirreq((uint64_t) 1, 1024, DIRREQ_TUNNELED);
   s = geoip_format_dirreq_stats(now + 86400);
   test_streq(dirreq_stats_4, s);
 
@@ -1669,7 +1813,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
 
   /* Start testing entry statistics by making sure that we don't collect
    * anything without initializing entry stats. */
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_entry_stats(now + 86400);
   test_assert(!s);
@@ -1677,7 +1821,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Initialize stats, note one connecting client, and generate the
    * entry-stats history string. */
   geoip_entry_stats_init(now);
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_entry_stats(now + 86400);
   test_streq(entry_stats_1, s);
@@ -1686,7 +1830,7 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Stop collecting stats, add another connecting client, and ensure we
    * don't generate a history string. */
   geoip_entry_stats_term();
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 101);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(101);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now);
   s = geoip_format_entry_stats(now + 86400);
   test_assert(!s);
@@ -1694,19 +1838,23 @@ test_geoip(void)
   /* Re-start stats, add a connecting client, reset stats, and make sure
    * that we get an all empty history string. */
   geoip_entry_stats_init(now);
-  tor_addr_from_ipv4h(&addr, (uint32_t) 100);
+  SET_TEST_ADDRESS(100);
   geoip_note_client_seen(GEOIP_CLIENT_CONNECT, &addr, now);
   geoip_reset_entry_stats(now);
   s = geoip_format_entry_stats(now + 86400);
   test_streq(entry_stats_2, s);
   tor_free(s);
 
+#undef SET_TEST_ADDRESS
+#undef SET_TEST_IPV6
+
   /* Stop collecting entry statistics. */
   geoip_entry_stats_term();
   get_options_mutable()->EntryStatistics = 0;
 
  done:
   tor_free(s);
+  tor_free(v);
 }
 
 /** Run unit tests for stats code. */
@@ -1895,11 +2043,6 @@ const struct testcase_setup_t legacy_setup = {
 
 #define ENT(name)                                                       \
   { #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup, test_ ## name }
-#define SUBENT(group, name)                                             \
-  { #group "_" #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup,             \
-      test_ ## group ## _ ## name }
-#define DISABLED(name)                                                  \
-  { #name, legacy_test_helper, TT_SKIP, &legacy_setup, test_ ## name }
 #define FORK(name)                                                      \
   { #name, legacy_test_helper, TT_FORK, &legacy_setup, test_ ## name }
 
@@ -1907,6 +2050,10 @@ static struct testcase_t test_array[] = {
   ENT(buffers),
   { "buffer_copy", test_buffer_copy, 0, NULL, NULL },
   ENT(onion_handshake),
+  ENT(onion_queues),
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  { "ntor_handshake", test_ntor_handshake, 0, NULL, NULL },
+#endif
   ENT(circuit_timeout),
   ENT(policies),
   ENT(rend_fns),
@@ -1941,6 +2088,9 @@ extern struct testcase_t dir_tests[];
 extern struct testcase_t microdesc_tests[];
 extern struct testcase_t pt_tests[];
 extern struct testcase_t config_tests[];
+extern struct testcase_t introduce_tests[];
+extern struct testcase_t replaycache_tests[];
+extern struct testcase_t cell_format_tests[];
 
 static struct testgroup_t testgroups[] = {
   { "", test_array },
@@ -1949,10 +2099,13 @@ static struct testgroup_t testgroups[] = {
   { "crypto/", crypto_tests },
   { "container/", container_tests },
   { "util/", util_tests },
+  { "cellfmt/", cell_format_tests },
   { "dir/", dir_tests },
   { "dir/md/", microdesc_tests },
   { "pt/", pt_tests },
   { "config/", config_tests },
+  { "replaycache/", replaycache_tests },
+  { "introduce/", introduce_tests },
   END_OF_GROUPS
 };
 
@@ -1968,7 +2121,7 @@ main(int c, const char **v)
 
 #ifdef USE_DMALLOC
   {
-    int r = CRYPTO_set_mem_ex_functions(_tor_malloc, _tor_realloc, _tor_free);
+    int r = CRYPTO_set_mem_ex_functions(tor_malloc_, tor_realloc_, tor_free_);
     tor_assert(r);
   }
 #endif
@@ -2006,6 +2159,7 @@ main(int c, const char **v)
     return 1;
   }
   crypto_set_tls_dh_prime(NULL);
+  crypto_seed_rng(1);
   rep_hist_init();
   network_init();
   setup_directory();
@@ -2018,8 +2172,6 @@ main(int c, const char **v)
     return 1;
   }
 
-  crypto_seed_rng(1);
-
   atexit(remove_directory);
 
   have_failed = (tinytest_main(c, v, testgroups) != 0);
diff --git a/src/test/test.h b/src/test/test.h
index 0b6e6c60cb..a89b558e5a 100644
--- a/src/test/test.h
+++ b/src/test/test.h
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2003, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
-#ifndef _TOR_TEST_H
-#define _TOR_TEST_H
+#ifndef TOR_TEST_H
+#define TOR_TEST_H
 
 /**
  * \file test.h
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@
 
 #define test_memeq_hex(expr1, hex) test_mem_op_hex(expr1, ==, hex)
 
+#define tt_double_op(a,op,b)                                            \
+  tt_assert_test_type(a,b,#a" "#op" "#b,double,(val1_ op val2_),"%f",   \
+                      TT_EXIT_TEST_FUNCTION)
+
 const char *get_fname(const char *name);
 crypto_pk_t *pk_generate(int idx);
 
diff --git a/src/test/test_addr.c b/src/test/test_addr.c
index e3f38073ec..fec85a4696 100644
--- a/src/test/test_addr.c
+++ b/src/test/test_addr.c
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
+#define ADDRESSMAP_PRIVATE
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "or.h"
 #include "test.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 
 static void
 test_addr_basic(void)
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ test_addr_basic(void)
   tor_free(cp);
   u32 = 3;
   test_assert(!addr_port_lookup(LOG_WARN, "localhost", NULL, &u32, &u16));
-  test_eq(cp, NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(cp, NULL);
   test_eq(u32, 0x7f000001u);
   test_eq(u16, 0);
   tor_free(cp);
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ test_addr_basic(void)
   ;
 }
 
-#define _test_op_ip6(a,op,b,e1,e2)                               \
+#define test_op_ip6_(a,op,b,e1,e2)                               \
   STMT_BEGIN                                                     \
   tt_assert_test_fmt_type(a,b,e1" "#op" "e2,struct in6_addr*,    \
     (memcmp(val1_->s6_addr, val2_->s6_addr, 16) op 0),           \
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ test_addr_basic(void)
 #define test_pton6_same(a,b) STMT_BEGIN                \
      test_eq(tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, a, &a1), 1);      \
      test_eq(tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, b, &a2), 1);      \
-     _test_op_ip6(&a1,==,&a2,#a,#b);                   \
+     test_op_ip6_(&a1,==,&a2,#a,#b);                   \
   STMT_END
 
 /** Helper: Assert that <b>a</b> is recognized as a bad IPv6 address by
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ test_addr_basic(void)
     test_eq(tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, a, &a1), 1);                        \
     test_streq(tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &a1, buf, sizeof(buf)), b);      \
     test_eq(tor_inet_pton(AF_INET6, b, &a2), 1);                        \
-    _test_op_ip6(&a1, ==, &a2, a, b);                                   \
+    test_op_ip6_(&a1, ==, &a2, a, b);                                   \
   STMT_END
 
 /** Helper: assert that <b>a</b> parses by tor_inet_pton() into a address that
@@ -159,7 +161,8 @@ test_addr_basic(void)
  * as <b>pt1..pt2</b>. */
 #define test_addr_mask_ports_parse(xx, f, ip1, ip2, ip3, ip4, mm, pt1, pt2) \
   STMT_BEGIN                                                                \
-    test_eq(tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(xx, &t1, &mask, &port1, &port2), f);  \
+    test_eq(tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(xx, 0, &t1, &mask, &port1, &port2),   \
+            f);                                                             \
     p1=tor_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &t1.addr.in6_addr, bug, sizeof(bug));        \
     test_eq(htonl(ip1), tor_addr_to_in6_addr32(&t1)[0]);            \
     test_eq(htonl(ip2), tor_addr_to_in6_addr32(&t1)[1]);            \
@@ -401,11 +404,11 @@ test_addr_ip6_helpers(void)
   test_addr_compare("0::2:2:1", <, "0::ffff:0.3.2.1");
   test_addr_compare("0::ffff:0.3.2.1", >, "0::0:0:0");
   test_addr_compare("0::ffff:5.2.2.1", <, "::ffff:6.0.0.0"); /* XXXX wrong. */
-  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:2.3.4.5]", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("2.3.4.5", &t2, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:2.3.4.5]", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("2.3.4.5", 0, &t2, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(tor_addr_compare(&t1, &t2, CMP_SEMANTIC) == 0);
-  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:2.3.4.4]", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("2.3.4.5", &t2, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:2.3.4.4]", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("2.3.4.5", 0, &t2, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(tor_addr_compare(&t1, &t2, CMP_SEMANTIC) < 0);
 
   /* test compare_masked */
@@ -568,6 +571,7 @@ test_addr_ip6_helpers(void)
     test_streq(rbuf, addr_PTR);
   }
 
+  /* XXXX turn this into a separate function; it's not all IPv6. */
   /* test tor_addr_parse_mask_ports */
   test_addr_mask_ports_parse("[::f]/17:47-95", AF_INET6,
                              0, 0, 0, 0x0000000f, 17, 47, 95);
@@ -581,27 +585,123 @@ test_addr_ip6_helpers(void)
                              0xabcd0002, 0, 0, 0x044a0000, 128, 2, 65000);
 
   test_streq(p1, "abcd:2::44a:0");
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[fefef::]/112", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  /* Try some long addresses. */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[ffff:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111]",
+                              0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == AF_INET6);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[ffff:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:11111]",
+                              0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[ffff:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1]",
+                              0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports(
+         "[ffff:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:ffff:"
+         "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:"
+         "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:"
+         "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff]",
+         0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  /* Try some failing cases. */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[fefef::]/112", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[fefe::/112", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[fefe::", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[fefe::X]", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("efef::/112", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("efef::/112", 0, &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f::]", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f::]",0,&t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f]", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f]",0,&t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f]", &t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f:f]",0,&t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f::]/fred",0,&t1,&mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[f:f:f:f:f::]/255.255.0.0",
+                              0,&t1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  /* This one will get rejected because it isn't a pure prefix. */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.3/255.255.64.0",0,&t1, &mask,NULL,NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
   /* Test for V4-mapped address with mask < 96.  (arguably not valid) */
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:1.1.2.2/33]", &t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[::ffff:1.1.2.2/33]",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.2/33",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  /* Try extended wildcard addresses with out TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR*/
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*4",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*6",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+#if 0
+  /* Try a mask with a wildcard. */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*/16",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.2/33", &t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*4/16",TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR,
+                              &t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
   test_assert(r == -1);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.2/31", &t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*6/30",TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR,
+                              &t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+#endif
+  /* Basic mask tests*/
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.2/31",0,&t1, &mask, NULL, NULL);
+  test_assert(r == AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,31);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&t1),==,0x01010202);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("3.4.16.032:1-2",0,&t1, &mask, &port1, &port2);
+  test_assert(r == AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,32);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&t1),==,0x03041020);
+  test_assert(port1 == 1);
+  test_assert(port2 == 2);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("1.1.2.3/255.255.128.0",0,&t1, &mask,NULL,NULL);
   test_assert(r == AF_INET);
-  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[efef::]/112", &t1, &mask, &port1, &port2);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,17);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&t1),==,0x01010203);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("[efef::]/112",0,&t1, &mask, &port1, &port2);
   test_assert(r == AF_INET6);
   test_assert(port1 == 1);
   test_assert(port2 == 65535);
+  /* Try regular wildcard behavior without TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*:80-443",0,&t1,&mask,&port1,&port2);
+  tt_int_op(r,==,AF_INET); /* Old users of this always get inet */
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&t1),==,0);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,0);
+  tt_int_op(port1,==,80);
+  tt_int_op(port2,==,443);
+  /* Now try wildcards *with* TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR */
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*:8000-9000",TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR,
+                              &t1,&mask,&port1,&port2);
+  tt_int_op(r,==,AF_UNSPEC);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_UNSPEC);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,0);
+  tt_int_op(port1,==,8000);
+  tt_int_op(port2,==,9000);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*4:6667",TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR,
+                              &t1,&mask,&port1,&port2);
+  tt_int_op(r,==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_to_ipv4h(&t1),==,0);
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,0);
+  tt_int_op(port1,==,6667);
+  tt_int_op(port2,==,6667);
+  r=tor_addr_parse_mask_ports("*6",TAPMP_EXTENDED_STAR,
+                              &t1,&mask,&port1,&port2);
+  tt_int_op(r,==,AF_INET6);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&t1),==,AF_INET6);
+  tt_assert(tor_mem_is_zero((const char*)tor_addr_to_in6_addr32(&t1), 16));
+  tt_int_op(mask,==,0);
+  tt_int_op(port1,==,1);
+  tt_int_op(port2,==,65535);
 
   /* make sure inet address lengths >= max */
   test_assert(INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN >= sizeof("255.255.255.255"));
@@ -623,6 +723,126 @@ test_addr_ip6_helpers(void)
   ;
 }
 
+/** Test tor_addr_port_parse(). */
+static void
+test_addr_parse(void)
+{
+  int r;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  char buf[TOR_ADDR_BUF_LEN];
+  uint16_t port = 0;
+
+  /* Correct call. */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "192.0.2.1:1234",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == 0);
+  tor_addr_to_str(buf, &addr, sizeof(buf), 0);
+  test_streq(buf, "192.0.2.1");
+  test_eq(port, 1234);
+
+  /* Domain name. */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "torproject.org:1234",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+
+  /* Only IP. */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "192.0.2.2",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+
+  /* Bad port. */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "192.0.2.2:66666",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+
+  /* Only domain name */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "torproject.org",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+
+  /* Bad IP address */
+  r= tor_addr_port_parse(LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "192.0.2:1234",
+                         &addr, &port);
+  test_assert(r == -1);
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+update_difference(int ipv6, uint8_t *d,
+                  const tor_addr_t *a, const tor_addr_t *b)
+{
+  const int n_bytes = ipv6 ? 16 : 4;
+  uint8_t a_tmp[4], b_tmp[4];
+  const uint8_t *ba, *bb;
+  int i;
+
+  if (ipv6) {
+    ba = tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(a);
+    bb = tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(b);
+  } else {
+    set_uint32(a_tmp, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(a));
+    set_uint32(b_tmp, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(b));
+    ba = a_tmp; bb = b_tmp;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_bytes; ++i) {
+    d[i] |= ba[i] ^ bb[i];
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+test_virtaddrmap(void *data)
+{
+  /* Let's start with a bunch of random addresses. */
+  int ipv6, bits, iter, b;
+  virtual_addr_conf_t cfg[2];
+  uint8_t bytes[16];
+
+  (void)data;
+
+  tor_addr_parse(&cfg[0].addr, "64.65.0.0");
+  tor_addr_parse(&cfg[1].addr, "3491:c0c0::");
+
+  for (ipv6 = 0; ipv6 <= 1; ++ipv6) {
+    for (bits = 0; bits < 18; ++bits) {
+      tor_addr_t last_a;
+      cfg[ipv6].bits = bits;
+      memset(bytes, 0, sizeof(bytes));
+      tor_addr_copy(&last_a, &cfg[ipv6].addr);
+      /* Generate 128 addresses with each addr/bits combination. */
+      for (iter = 0; iter < 128; ++iter) {
+        tor_addr_t a;
+
+        get_random_virtual_addr(&cfg[ipv6], &a);
+        //printf("%s\n", fmt_addr(&a));
+        /* Make sure that the first b bits match the configured network */
+        tt_int_op(0, ==, tor_addr_compare_masked(&a, &cfg[ipv6].addr,
+                                                 bits, CMP_EXACT));
+
+        /* And track which bits have been different between pairs of
+         * addresses */
+        update_difference(ipv6, bytes, &last_a, &a);
+      }
+
+      /* Now make sure all but the first 'bits' bits of bytes are true */
+      for (b = bits+1; b < (ipv6?128:32); ++b) {
+        tt_assert(1 & (bytes[b/8] >> (7-(b&7))));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
 static void
 test_addr_is_loopback(void *data)
 {
@@ -664,6 +884,8 @@ test_addr_is_loopback(void *data)
 struct testcase_t addr_tests[] = {
   ADDR_LEGACY(basic),
   ADDR_LEGACY(ip6_helpers),
+  ADDR_LEGACY(parse),
+  { "virtaddr", test_virtaddrmap, 0, NULL, NULL },
   { "is_loopback", test_addr_is_loopback, 0, NULL, NULL },
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
diff --git a/src/test/test_cell_formats.c b/src/test/test_cell_formats.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55d8d0f00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/test_cell_formats.c
@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+
+#define CONNECTION_EDGE_PRIVATE
+#define RELAY_PRIVATE
+#include "or.h"
+#include "connection_edge.h"
+#include "onion.h"
+#include "onion_tap.h"
+#include "onion_fast.h"
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
+#include "relay.h"
+#include "test.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_relay_header(void *arg)
+{
+  relay_header_t rh;
+  const uint8_t hdr_1[RELAY_HEADER_SIZE] =
+    "\x03" "\x00\x00" "\x21\x22" "ABCD" "\x01\x03";
+  uint8_t hdr_out[RELAY_HEADER_SIZE];
+  (void)arg;
+
+  tt_int_op(sizeof(hdr_1), ==, RELAY_HEADER_SIZE);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, hdr_1);
+  tt_int_op(rh.command, ==, 3);
+  tt_int_op(rh.recognized, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(rh.stream_id, ==, 0x2122);
+  test_mem_op(rh.integrity, ==, "ABCD", 4);
+  tt_int_op(rh.length, ==, 0x103);
+
+  relay_header_pack(hdr_out, &rh);
+  test_mem_op(hdr_out, ==, hdr_1, RELAY_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+make_relay_cell(cell_t *out, uint8_t command,
+                const void *body, size_t bodylen)
+{
+  relay_header_t rh;
+
+  memset(&rh, 0, sizeof(rh));
+  rh.stream_id = 5;
+  rh.command = command;
+  rh.length = bodylen;
+
+  out->command = CELL_RELAY;
+  out->circ_id = 10;
+  relay_header_pack(out->payload, &rh);
+
+  memcpy(out->payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE, body, bodylen);
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_begin_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  cell_t cell;
+  begin_cell_t bcell;
+  uint8_t end_reason;
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* Try begindir. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR, "", 0);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+
+  /* A Begindir with extra stuff. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN_DIR, "12345", 5);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+
+  /* A short but valid begin cell */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:9", 6);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("a.b", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(9, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* A significantly loner begin cell */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  {
+    const char c[] = "here-is-a-nice-long.hostname.com:65535";
+    make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, c, strlen(c)+1);
+  }
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("here-is-a-nice-long.hostname.com", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(65535, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* An IPv4 begin cell. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "18.9.22.169:80", 15);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("18.9.22.169", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(80, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* An IPv6 begin cell. Let's make sure we handle colons*/
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN,
+                  "[2620::6b0:b:1a1a:0:26e5:480e]:80", 34);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("[2620::6b0:b:1a1a:0:26e5:480e]", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(80, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* a begin cell with extra junk but not enough for flags. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  {
+    const char c[] = "another.example.com:80\x00\x01\x02";
+    make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, c, sizeof(c)-1);
+  }
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("another.example.com", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(80, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* a begin cell with flags. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  {
+    const char c[] = "another.example.com:443\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04";
+    make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, c, sizeof(c)-1);
+  }
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("another.example.com", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0x1020304, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(443, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* a begin cell with flags and even more cruft after that. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  {
+    const char c[] = "a-further.example.com:22\x00\xee\xaa\x00\xffHi mom";
+    make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, c, sizeof(c)-1);
+  }
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  tt_str_op("a-further.example.com", ==, bcell.address);
+  tt_int_op(0xeeaa00ff, ==, bcell.flags);
+  tt_int_op(22, ==, bcell.port);
+  tt_int_op(5, ==, bcell.stream_id);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, bcell.is_begindir);
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+
+  /* bad begin cell: impossible length. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:80", 7);
+  cell.payload[9] = 0x01; /* Set length to 510 */
+  cell.payload[10] = 0xfe;
+  {
+    relay_header_t rh;
+    relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+    tt_int_op(rh.length, ==, 510);
+  }
+  tt_int_op(-2, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* Bad begin cell: no body. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "", 0);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* bad begin cell: no body. */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "", 0);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* bad begin cell: no colon */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* bad begin cell: no ports */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:", 5);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* bad begin cell: bad port */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:xyz", 8);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:100000", 11);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+  /* bad begin cell: no nul */
+  memset(&bcell, 0x7f, sizeof(bcell));
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, "a.b:80", 6);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, begin_cell_parse(&cell, &bcell, &end_reason));
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(bcell.address);
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_connected_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  relay_header_t rh;
+  cell_t cell;
+  tor_addr_t addr;
+  int ttl, r;
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* Let's try an oldschool one with nothing in it. */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED, "", 0);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_UNSPEC);
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, -1);
+
+  /* A slightly less oldschool one: only an IPv4 address */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED, "\x20\x30\x40\x50", 4);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "32.48.64.80");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Bogus but understandable: truncated TTL */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED, "\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15", 5);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "17.18.19.20");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Regular IPv4 one: address and TTL */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x02\x03\x04\x05\x00\x00\x0e\x10", 8);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "2.3.4.5");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, 3600);
+
+  /* IPv4 with too-big TTL */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x02\x03\x04\x05\xf0\x00\x00\x00", 8);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "2.3.4.5");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, -1);
+
+  /* IPv6 (ttl is mandatory) */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x06"
+                  "\x26\x07\xf8\xb0\x40\x0c\x0c\x02"
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x68"
+                  "\x00\x00\x02\x58", 25);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET6);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "2607:f8b0:400c:c02::68");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, 600);
+
+  /* IPv6 (ttl too big) */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x06"
+                  "\x26\x07\xf8\xb0\x40\x0c\x0c\x02"
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x68"
+                  "\x90\x00\x02\x58", 25);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET6);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "2607:f8b0:400c:c02::68");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Bogus size: 3. */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x00\x01\x02", 3);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Bogus family: 7. */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x07"
+                  "\x26\x07\xf8\xb0\x40\x0c\x0c\x02"
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x68"
+                  "\x90\x00\x02\x58", 25);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Truncated IPv6. */
+  make_relay_cell(&cell, RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED,
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x06"
+                  "\x26\x07\xf8\xb0\x40\x0c\x0c\x02"
+                  "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x68"
+                  "\x00\x00\x02", 24);
+  relay_header_unpack(&rh, cell.payload);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, -1);
+
+  /* Now make sure we can generate connected cells correctly. */
+  /* Try an IPv4 address */
+  memset(&rh, 0, sizeof(rh));
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  tor_addr_parse(&addr, "30.40.50.60");
+  rh.length = connected_cell_format_payload(cell.payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                                            &addr, 128);
+  tt_int_op(rh.length, ==, 8);
+  test_memeq_hex(cell.payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE, "1e28323c" "00000080");
+
+  /* Try parsing it. */
+  tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "30.40.50.60");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, 128);
+
+  /* Try an IPv6 address */
+  memset(&rh, 0, sizeof(rh));
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  tor_addr_parse(&addr, "2620::6b0:b:1a1a:0:26e5:480e");
+  rh.length = connected_cell_format_payload(cell.payload+RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                                            &addr, 3600);
+  tt_int_op(rh.length, ==, 25);
+  test_memeq_hex(cell.payload + RELAY_HEADER_SIZE,
+                 "00000000" "06"
+                 "2620000006b0000b1a1a000026e5480e" "00000e10");
+
+  /* Try parsing it. */
+  tor_addr_make_unspec(&addr);
+  r = connected_cell_parse(&rh, &cell, &addr, &ttl);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(tor_addr_family(&addr), ==, AF_INET6);
+  tt_str_op(fmt_addr(&addr), ==, "2620:0:6b0:b:1a1a:0:26e5:480e");
+  tt_int_op(ttl, ==, 3600);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_create_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  uint8_t b[MAX_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN];
+  create_cell_t cc;
+  cell_t cell;
+  cell_t cell2;
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* === Let's try parsing some good cells! */
+
+  /* A valid create cell. */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATE, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP, ==, cc.handshake_type);
+  tt_int_op(TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.onionskin, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A valid create_fast cell. */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, CREATE_FAST_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE_FAST;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, b, CREATE_FAST_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATE_FAST, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_FAST, ==, cc.handshake_type);
+  tt_int_op(CREATE_FAST_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.onionskin, b, CREATE_FAST_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A valid create2 cell with a TAP payload */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x00\x00\xBA", 4); /* TAP, 186 bytes long */
+  memcpy(cell.payload+4, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATE2, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP, ==, cc.handshake_type);
+  tt_int_op(TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.onionskin, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A valid create2 cell with an ntor payload */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x02\x00\x54", 4); /* ntor, 84 bytes long */
+  memcpy(cell.payload+4, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATE2, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR, ==, cc.handshake_type);
+  tt_int_op(NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.onionskin, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+#else
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+#endif
+
+  /* A valid create cell with an ntor payload, in legacy format. */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "ntorNTORntorNTOR", 16);
+  memcpy(cell.payload+16, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATE, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR, ==, cc.handshake_type);
+  tt_int_op(NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.onionskin, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+#else
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+#endif
+
+  /* == Okay, now let's try to parse some impossible stuff. */
+
+  /* It has to be some kind of a create cell! */
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED;
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+
+  /* You can't acutally make an unparseable CREATE or CREATE_FAST cell. */
+
+  /* Try some CREATE2 cells.  First with a bad type. */
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATE2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x50\x00\x99", 4); /* Type 0x50???? */
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  /* Now a good type with an incorrect length. */
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x00\x00\xBC", 4); /* TAP, 187 bytes.*/
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  /* Now a good type with a ridiculous length. */
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x00\x02\x00", 4); /* TAP, 512 bytes.*/
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+
+  /* == Time to try formatting bad cells.  The important thing is that
+     we reject big lengths, so just check that for now. */
+  cc.handshake_len = 512;
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, create_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+
+  /* == Try formatting a create2 cell we don't understand. XXXX */
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_created_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  uint8_t b[512];
+  created_cell_t cc;
+  cell_t cell;
+  cell_t cell2;
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* A good CREATED cell */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATED, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.reply, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A good CREATED_FAST cell */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, CREATED_FAST_LEN);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED_FAST;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, b, CREATED_FAST_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATED_FAST, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(CREATED_FAST_LEN, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.reply, b, CREATED_FAST_LEN + 10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A good CREATED2 cell with short reply */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, 64);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x00\x40", 2);
+  memcpy(cell.payload+2, b, 64);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATED2, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(64, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.reply, b, 80);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* A good CREATED2 cell with maximal reply */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, 496);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x01\xF0", 2);
+  memcpy(cell.payload+2, b, 496);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+  tt_int_op(CELL_CREATED2, ==, cc.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(496, ==, cc.handshake_len);
+  test_memeq(cc.reply, b, 496);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, created_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+  tt_int_op(cell.command, ==, cell2.command);
+  test_memeq(cell.payload, cell2.payload, CELL_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* Bogus CREATED2 cell: too long! */
+  memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, 496);
+  cell.command = CELL_CREATED2;
+  memcpy(cell.payload, "\x01\xF1", 2);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, created_cell_parse(&cc, &cell));
+
+  /* Unformattable CREATED2 cell: too long! */
+  cc.handshake_len = 497;
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, created_cell_format(&cell2, &cc));
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_extend_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  cell_t cell;
+  uint8_t b[512];
+  extend_cell_t ec;
+  create_cell_t *cc = &ec.create_cell;
+  uint8_t p[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  uint8_t p2[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  uint8_t p2_cmd;
+  uint16_t p2_len;
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+
+  (void) arg;
+
+  /* Let's start with a simple EXTEND cell. */
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  memcpy(p, "\x12\xf4\x00\x01\x01\x02", 6); /* 18 244 0 1 : 258 */
+  memcpy(p+6,b,TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  memcpy(p+6+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, "electroencephalogram", 20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND,
+                                     p, 26+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_str_op("18.244.0.1", ==, fmt_addr(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr));
+  tt_int_op(258, ==, ec.orport_ipv4.port);
+  tt_int_op(AF_UNSPEC, ==, tor_addr_family(&ec.orport_ipv6.addr));
+  test_memeq(ec.node_id, "electroencephalogram", 20);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATE);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_type, ==, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  test_memeq(cc->onionskin, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN+20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(p2_cmd, ==, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND);
+  tt_int_op(p2_len, ==, 26+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  test_memeq(p2, p, RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* Let's do an ntor stuffed in a legacy EXTEND cell */
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  memcpy(p, "\x12\xf4\x00\x01\x01\x02", 6); /* 18 244 0 1 : 258 */
+  memcpy(p+6,"ntorNTORntorNTOR", 16);
+  memcpy(p+22, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  memcpy(p+6+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN, "electroencephalogram", 20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND,
+                                     p, 26+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_str_op("18.244.0.1", ==, fmt_addr(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr));
+  tt_int_op(258, ==, ec.orport_ipv4.port);
+  tt_int_op(AF_UNSPEC, ==, tor_addr_family(&ec.orport_ipv6.addr));
+  test_memeq(ec.node_id, "electroencephalogram", 20);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATE2);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_type, ==, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  test_memeq(cc->onionskin, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN+20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(p2_cmd, ==, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND);
+  tt_int_op(p2_len, ==, 26+TAP_ONIONSKIN_CHALLENGE_LEN);
+  test_memeq(p2, p, RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format_relayed(&cell, cc));
+
+  /* Now let's do a minimal ntor EXTEND2 cell. */
+  memset(&ec, 0xff, sizeof(ec));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  /* 2 items; one 18.244.0.1:61681 */
+  memcpy(p, "\x02\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  /* The other is a digest. */
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  /* Prep for the handshake: type and length */
+  memcpy(p+31, "\x00\x02\x00\x54", 4);
+  memcpy(p+35, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                     p, 35+NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_str_op("18.244.0.1", ==, fmt_addr(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr));
+  tt_int_op(61681, ==, ec.orport_ipv4.port);
+  tt_int_op(AF_UNSPEC, ==, tor_addr_family(&ec.orport_ipv6.addr));
+  test_memeq(ec.node_id, "anarchoindividualist", 20);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATE2);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_type, ==, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  test_memeq(cc->onionskin, b, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN+20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(p2_cmd, ==, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2);
+  tt_int_op(p2_len, ==, 35+NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  test_memeq(p2, p, RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+
+  /* Now let's do a fanciful EXTEND2 cell. */
+  memset(&ec, 0xff, sizeof(ec));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, 99);
+  /* 4 items; one 18 244 0 1 61681 */
+  memcpy(p, "\x04\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  /* One is a digest. */
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anthropomorphization", 22);
+  /* One is an ipv6 address */
+  memcpy(p+31, "\x01\x12\x20\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+               "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\xc5\x1e\x11\x12", 20);
+  /* One is the Konami code. */
+  memcpy(p+51, "\xf0\x20upupdowndownleftrightleftrightba", 34);
+  /* Prep for the handshake: weird type and length */
+  memcpy(p+85, "\x01\x05\x00\x63", 4);
+  memcpy(p+89, b, 99);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2, p, 89+99));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_str_op("18.244.0.1", ==, fmt_addr(&ec.orport_ipv4.addr));
+  tt_int_op(61681, ==, ec.orport_ipv4.port);
+  tt_str_op("2002::f0:c51e", ==, fmt_addr(&ec.orport_ipv6.addr));
+  tt_int_op(4370, ==, ec.orport_ipv6.port);
+  test_memeq(ec.node_id, "anthropomorphization", 20);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATE2);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_type, ==, 0x105);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, 99);
+  test_memeq(cc->onionskin, b, 99+20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extend_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(p2_cmd, ==, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2);
+  /* We'll generate it minus the IPv6 address and minus the konami code */
+  tt_int_op(p2_len, ==, 89+99-34-20);
+  test_memeq_hex(p2,
+                 /* Two items: one that same darn IP address. */
+                 "02000612F40001F0F1"
+                 /* The next is a digest : anthropomorphization */
+                 "0214616e7468726f706f6d6f727068697a6174696f6e"
+                 /* Now the handshake prologue */
+                 "01050063");
+  test_memeq(p2+1+8+22+4, b, 99+20);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, create_cell_format_relayed(&cell, cc));
+
+  /* == Now try parsing some junk */
+
+  /* Try a too-long handshake */
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x02\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+31, "\xff\xff\x01\xd0", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* Try two identities. */
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x03\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+31, "\x02\x14" "autodepolymerization", 22);
+  memcpy(p+53, "\xff\xff\x00\x10", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* No identities. */
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x01\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  memcpy(p+53, "\xff\xff\x00\x10", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* Try a bad IPv4 address (too long, too short)*/
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x02\x00\x07\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1\xff", 10);
+  memcpy(p+10, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+32, "\xff\xff\x00\x10", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x02\x00\x05\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0", 8);
+  memcpy(p+8, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+30, "\xff\xff\x00\x10", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* IPv6 address (too long, too short, no IPv4)*/
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x03\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+31, "\x01\x13" "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxYYZ", 19);
+  memcpy(p+50, "\xff\xff\x00\x20", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x03\x00\x06\x12\xf4\x00\x01\xf0\xf1", 9);
+  memcpy(p+9, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+31, "\x01\x11" "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxY", 17);
+  memcpy(p+48, "\xff\xff\x00\x20", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x02", 1);
+  memcpy(p+1, "\x02\x14" "anarchoindividualist", 22);
+  memcpy(p+23, "\x01\x12" "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxYY", 18);
+  memcpy(p+41, "\xff\xff\x00\x20", 4);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* Running out of space in specifiers  */
+  memset(p,0,sizeof(p));
+  memcpy(p, "\x05\x0a\xff", 3);
+  memcpy(p+3+255, "\x0a\xff", 2);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2,
+                                      p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* Fuzz, because why not. */
+  memset(&ec, 0xff, sizeof(ec));
+  {
+    int i;
+    memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+    for (i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+      int n = crypto_rand_int(sizeof(p));
+      crypto_rand((char *)p, n);
+      extend_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTEND2, p, n);
+    }
+  }
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+}
+
+static void
+test_cfmt_extended_cells(void *arg)
+{
+  uint8_t b[512];
+  extended_cell_t ec;
+  created_cell_t *cc = &ec.created_cell;
+  uint8_t p[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  uint8_t p2[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  uint8_t p2_cmd;
+  uint16_t p2_len;
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+
+  (void) arg;
+
+  /* Try a regular EXTENDED cell. */
+  memset(&ec, 0xff, sizeof(ec));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  memcpy(p,b,TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extended_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED, p,
+                                       TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATED);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  test_memeq(cc->reply, b, TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extended_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED, ==, p2_cmd);
+  tt_int_op(TAP_ONIONSKIN_REPLY_LEN, ==, p2_len);
+  test_memeq(p2, p, sizeof(p2));
+
+  /* Try an EXTENDED2 cell */
+  memset(&ec, 0xff, sizeof(ec));
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
+  memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
+  crypto_rand((char*)b, 42);
+  memcpy(p,"\x00\x2a",2);
+  memcpy(p+2,b,42);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extended_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2, p, 2+42));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2, ==, ec.cell_type);
+  tt_int_op(cc->cell_type, ==, CELL_CREATED2);
+  tt_int_op(cc->handshake_len, ==, 42);
+  test_memeq(cc->reply, b, 42+10);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, extended_cell_format(&p2_cmd, &p2_len, p2, &ec));
+  tt_int_op(RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2, ==, p2_cmd);
+  tt_int_op(2+42, ==, p2_len);
+  test_memeq(p2, p, sizeof(p2));
+
+  /* Try an almost-too-long EXTENDED2 cell */
+  memcpy(p, "\x01\xf0", 2);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==,
+            extended_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2, p, sizeof(p)));
+
+  /* Now try a too-long extended2 cell. That's the only misparse I can think
+   * of. */
+  memcpy(p, "\x01\xf1", 2);
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==,
+            extended_cell_parse(&ec, RELAY_COMMAND_EXTENDED2, p, sizeof(p)));
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+}
+
+#define TEST(name, flags)                                               \
+  { #name, test_cfmt_ ## name, flags, 0, NULL }
+
+struct testcase_t cell_format_tests[] = {
+  TEST(relay_header, 0),
+  TEST(begin_cells, 0),
+  TEST(connected_cells, 0),
+  TEST(create_cells, 0),
+  TEST(created_cells, 0),
+  TEST(extend_cells, 0),
+  TEST(extended_cells, 0),
+  END_OF_TESTCASES
+};
+
diff --git a/src/test/test_config.c b/src/test/test_config.c
index ff251a24d8..e20fe73295 100644
--- a/src/test/test_config.c
+++ b/src/test/test_config.c
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "or.h"
+#include "addressmap.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "confparse.h"
 #include "connection_edge.h"
 #include "test.h"
 
@@ -40,6 +42,11 @@ test_config_addressmap(void *arg)
   config_get_lines(buf, &(get_options_mutable()->AddressMap), 0);
   config_register_addressmaps(get_options());
 
+/* Use old interface for now, so we don't need to rewrite the unit tests */
+#define addressmap_rewrite(a,s,eo,ao)                                   \
+  addressmap_rewrite((a),(s),AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV4_DNS|AMR_FLAG_USE_IPV6_DNS, \
+                     (eo),(ao))
+
   /* MapAddress .invalidwildcard.com .torserver.exit  - no match */
   strlcpy(address, "www.invalidwildcard.com", sizeof(address));
   test_assert(!addressmap_rewrite(address, sizeof(address), &expires, NULL));
@@ -156,6 +163,8 @@ test_config_addressmap(void *arg)
   strlcpy(address, "www.torproject.org", sizeof(address));
   test_assert(!addressmap_rewrite(address, sizeof(address), &expires, NULL));
 
+#undef addressmap_rewrite
+
  done:
   ;
 }
diff --git a/src/test/test_containers.c b/src/test/test_containers.c
index 45898df4eb..005e102e25 100644
--- a/src/test/test_containers.c
+++ b/src/test/test_containers.c
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #include "or.h"
+#include "fp_pair.h"
 #include "test.h"
 
 /** Helper: return a tristate based on comparing the strings in *<b>a</b> and
  * *<b>b</b>. */
 static int
-_compare_strs(const void **a, const void **b)
+compare_strs_(const void **a, const void **b)
 {
   const char *s1 = *a, *s2 = *b;
   return strcmp(s1, s2);
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ compare_strs_for_bsearch_(const void *a, const void **b)
 /** Helper: return a tristate based on comparing the strings in *<b>a</b> and
  * *<b>b</b>, excluding a's first character, and ignoring case. */
 static int
-_compare_without_first_ch(const void *a, const void **b)
+compare_without_first_ch_(const void *a, const void **b)
 {
   const char *s1 = a, *s2 = *b;
   return strcasecmp(s1+1, s2);
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ test_container_smartlist_basic(void)
   test_eq(4, smartlist_len(sl));
 
   /* test isin. */
-  test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)3));
-  test_assert(!smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)99));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)3));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)99));
 
  done:
   smartlist_free(sl);
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ test_container_smartlist_strings(void)
   /* Test swapping, shuffling, and sorting. */
   smartlist_split_string(sl, "the,onion,router,by,arma,and,nickm", ",", 0, 0);
   test_eq(7, smartlist_len(sl));
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_strs);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_strs_);
   cp_alloc = smartlist_join_strings(sl, ",", 0, NULL);
   test_streq(cp_alloc,"and,arma,by,nickm,onion,router,the");
   tor_free(cp_alloc);
@@ -195,37 +196,37 @@ test_container_smartlist_strings(void)
   tor_free(cp_alloc);
   smartlist_shuffle(sl);
   test_eq(7, smartlist_len(sl));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "and"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "router"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "by"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "nickm"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "onion"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "arma"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "the"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "and"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "router"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "by"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "nickm"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "onion"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "arma"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "the"));
 
   /* Test bsearch. */
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_strs);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_strs_);
   test_streq("nickm", smartlist_bsearch(sl, "zNicKM",
-                                        _compare_without_first_ch));
-  test_streq("and", smartlist_bsearch(sl, " AND", _compare_without_first_ch));
-  test_eq_ptr(NULL, smartlist_bsearch(sl, " ANz", _compare_without_first_ch));
+                                        compare_without_first_ch_));
+  test_streq("and", smartlist_bsearch(sl, " AND", compare_without_first_ch_));
+  test_eq_ptr(NULL, smartlist_bsearch(sl, " ANz", compare_without_first_ch_));
 
   /* Test bsearch_idx */
   {
     int f;
     smartlist_t *tmp = NULL;
 
-    test_eq(0, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," aaa",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(0, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," aaa",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 0);
-    test_eq(0, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," and",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(0, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," and",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 1);
-    test_eq(1, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," arm",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(1, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," arm",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 0);
-    test_eq(1, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," arma",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(1, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," arma",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 1);
-    test_eq(2, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," armb",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(2, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," armb",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 0);
-    test_eq(7, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," zzzz",_compare_without_first_ch,&f));
+    test_eq(7, smartlist_bsearch_idx(sl," zzzz",compare_without_first_ch_,&f));
     test_eq(f, 0);
 
     /* Test trivial cases for list of length 0 or 1 */
@@ -266,25 +267,25 @@ test_container_smartlist_strings(void)
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
   smartlist_clear(sl);
   cp_alloc = smartlist_pop_last(sl);
-  test_eq(cp_alloc, NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(cp_alloc, NULL);
 
   /* Test uniq() */
   smartlist_split_string(sl,
                      "50,noon,radar,a,man,a,plan,a,canal,panama,radar,noon,50",
                      ",", 0, 0);
-  smartlist_sort(sl, _compare_strs);
-  smartlist_uniq(sl, _compare_strs, _tor_free);
+  smartlist_sort(sl, compare_strs_);
+  smartlist_uniq(sl, compare_strs_, tor_free_);
   cp_alloc = smartlist_join_strings(sl, ",", 0, NULL);
   test_streq(cp_alloc, "50,a,canal,man,noon,panama,plan,radar");
   tor_free(cp_alloc);
 
-  /* Test string_isin and isin_case and num_isin */
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin(sl, "noon"));
-  test_assert(!smartlist_string_isin(sl, "noonoon"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin_case(sl, "nOOn"));
-  test_assert(!smartlist_string_isin_case(sl, "nooNooN"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_num_isin(sl, 50));
-  test_assert(!smartlist_string_num_isin(sl, 60));
+  /* Test contains_string, contains_string_case and contains_int_as_string */
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string(sl, "noon"));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains_string(sl, "noonoon"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string_case(sl, "nOOn"));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains_string_case(sl, "nooNooN"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_int_as_string(sl, 50));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains_int_as_string(sl, 60));
 
   /* Test smartlist_choose */
   {
@@ -292,12 +293,12 @@ test_container_smartlist_strings(void)
     int allsame = 1;
     int allin = 1;
     void *first = smartlist_choose(sl);
-    test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, first));
+    test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, first));
     for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
       void *second = smartlist_choose(sl);
       if (second != first)
         allsame = 0;
-      if (!smartlist_isin(sl, second))
+      if (!smartlist_contains(sl, second))
         allin = 0;
     }
     test_assert(!allsame);
@@ -365,15 +366,15 @@ test_container_smartlist_overlap(void)
   smartlist_add_all(sl, odds);
   smartlist_intersect(sl, primes);
   test_eq(smartlist_len(sl), 3);
-  test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)3));
-  test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)5));
-  test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)7));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)3));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)5));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)7));
 
   /* subtract */
   smartlist_add_all(sl, primes);
   smartlist_subtract(sl, odds);
   test_eq(smartlist_len(sl), 1);
-  test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, (void*)2));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, (void*)2));
 
  done:
   smartlist_free(odds);
@@ -389,14 +390,14 @@ test_container_smartlist_digests(void)
 {
   smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
 
-  /* digest_isin. */
+  /* contains_digest */
   smartlist_add(sl, tor_memdup("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", DIGEST_LEN));
   smartlist_add(sl, tor_memdup("\00090AAB2AAAAaasdAAAAA", DIGEST_LEN));
   smartlist_add(sl, tor_memdup("\00090AAB2AAAAaasdAAAAA", DIGEST_LEN));
-  test_eq(0, smartlist_digest_isin(NULL, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_digest_isin(sl, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_digest_isin(sl, "\00090AAB2AAAAaasdAAAAA"));
-  test_eq(0, smartlist_digest_isin(sl, "\00090AAB2AAABaasdAAAAA"));
+  test_eq(0, smartlist_contains_digest(NULL, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_digest(sl, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_digest(sl, "\00090AAB2AAAAaasdAAAAA"));
+  test_eq(0, smartlist_contains_digest(sl, "\00090AAB2AAABaasdAAAAA"));
 
   /* sort digests */
   smartlist_sort_digests(sl);
@@ -445,11 +446,11 @@ test_container_smartlist_join(void)
   } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_JOIN_END(cp1, cp2);
 
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl3, const char *, cp,
-                    test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl2, cp) &&
-                                !smartlist_string_isin(sl, cp)));
+                    test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl2, cp) &&
+                                !smartlist_contains_string(sl, cp)));
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl4, const char *, cp,
-                    test_assert(smartlist_isin(sl, cp) &&
-                                smartlist_string_isin(sl2, cp)));
+                    test_assert(smartlist_contains(sl, cp) &&
+                                smartlist_contains_string(sl2, cp)));
   joined = smartlist_join_strings(sl3, ",", 0, NULL);
   test_streq(joined, "Anemias,Anemias,Crossbowmen,Work");
   tor_free(joined);
@@ -528,18 +529,18 @@ test_container_digestset(void)
   }
   set = digestset_new(1000);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(included, const char *, cp,
-                    if (digestset_isin(set, cp))
+                    if (digestset_contains(set, cp))
                       ok = 0);
   test_assert(ok);
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(included, const char *, cp,
                     digestset_add(set, cp));
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(included, const char *, cp,
-                    if (!digestset_isin(set, cp))
+                    if (!digestset_contains(set, cp))
                       ok = 0);
   test_assert(ok);
   for (i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
     crypto_rand(d, DIGEST_LEN);
-    if (digestset_isin(set, d))
+    if (digestset_contains(set, d))
       ++false_positives;
   }
   test_assert(false_positives < 50); /* Should be far lower. */
@@ -558,7 +559,7 @@ typedef struct pq_entry_t {
 
 /** Helper: return a tristate based on comparing two pq_entry_t values. */
 static int
-_compare_strings_for_pqueue(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+compare_strings_for_pqueue_(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 {
   const pq_entry_t *e1=p1, *e2=p2;
   return strcmp(e1->val, e2->val);
@@ -588,7 +589,7 @@ test_container_pqueue(void)
 
 #define OK() smartlist_pqueue_assert_ok(sl, cmp, offset)
 
-  cmp = _compare_strings_for_pqueue;
+  cmp = compare_strings_for_pqueue_;
   smartlist_pqueue_add(sl, cmp, offset, &cows);
   smartlist_pqueue_add(sl, cmp, offset, &zebras);
   smartlist_pqueue_add(sl, cmp, offset, &fish);
@@ -677,12 +678,12 @@ test_container_strmap(void)
   test_eq(strmap_size(map), 0);
   test_assert(strmap_isempty(map));
   v = strmap_set(map, "K1", (void*)99);
-  test_eq(v, NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(v, NULL);
   test_assert(!strmap_isempty(map));
   v = strmap_set(map, "K2", (void*)101);
-  test_eq(v, NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(v, NULL);
   v = strmap_set(map, "K1", (void*)100);
-  test_eq(v, (void*)99);
+  test_eq_ptr(v, (void*)99);
   test_eq_ptr(strmap_get(map,"K1"), (void*)100);
   test_eq_ptr(strmap_get(map,"K2"), (void*)101);
   test_eq_ptr(strmap_get(map,"K-not-there"), NULL);
@@ -782,6 +783,132 @@ test_container_order_functions(void)
   ;
 }
 
+static void
+test_di_map(void *arg)
+{
+  di_digest256_map_t *map = NULL;
+  const uint8_t key1[] = "In view of the fact that it was ";
+  const uint8_t key2[] = "superficially convincing, being ";
+  const uint8_t key3[] = "properly enciphered in a one-tim";
+  const uint8_t key4[] = "e cipher scheduled for use today";
+  char *v1 = tor_strdup(", it came close to causing a disaster...");
+  char *v2 = tor_strdup("I regret to have to advise you that the mission");
+  char *v3 = tor_strdup("was actually initiated...");
+  /* -- John Brunner, _The Shockwave Rider_ */
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* Try searching on an empty map. */
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, dimap_search(map, key1, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, dimap_search(map, key2, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(v3, ==, dimap_search(map, key2, v3));
+  dimap_free(map, NULL);
+  map = NULL;
+
+  /* Add a single entry. */
+  dimap_add_entry(&map, key1, v1);
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, dimap_search(map, key2, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(v3, ==, dimap_search(map, key2, v3));
+  tt_ptr_op(v1, ==, dimap_search(map, key1, NULL));
+
+  /* Now try it with three entries in the map. */
+  dimap_add_entry(&map, key2, v2);
+  dimap_add_entry(&map, key3, v3);
+  tt_ptr_op(v1, ==, dimap_search(map, key1, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(v2, ==, dimap_search(map, key2, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(v3, ==, dimap_search(map, key3, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, dimap_search(map, key4, NULL));
+  tt_ptr_op(v1, ==, dimap_search(map, key4, v1));
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(v1);
+  tor_free(v2);
+  tor_free(v3);
+  dimap_free(map, NULL);
+}
+
+/** Run unit tests for fp_pair-to-void* map functions */
+static void
+test_container_fp_pair_map(void)
+{
+  fp_pair_map_t *map;
+  fp_pair_t fp1, fp2, fp3, fp4, fp5, fp6;
+  void *v;
+  fp_pair_map_iter_t *iter;
+  fp_pair_t k;
+
+  map = fp_pair_map_new();
+  test_assert(map);
+  test_eq(fp_pair_map_size(map), 0);
+  test_assert(fp_pair_map_isempty(map));
+
+  memset(fp1.first, 0x11, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp1.second, 0x12, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp2.first, 0x21, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp2.second, 0x22, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp3.first, 0x31, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp3.second, 0x32, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp4.first, 0x41, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp4.second, 0x42, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp5.first, 0x51, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp5.second, 0x52, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp6.first, 0x61, DIGEST_LEN);
+  memset(fp6.second, 0x62, DIGEST_LEN);
+
+  v = fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp1, (void*)99);
+  test_eq(v, NULL);
+  test_assert(!fp_pair_map_isempty(map));
+  v = fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp2, (void*)101);
+  test_eq(v, NULL);
+  v = fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp1, (void*)100);
+  test_eq(v, (void*)99);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp1), (void*)100);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp2), (void*)101);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp3), NULL);
+  fp_pair_map_assert_ok(map);
+
+  v = fp_pair_map_remove(map, &fp2);
+  fp_pair_map_assert_ok(map);
+  test_eq_ptr(v, (void*)101);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp2), NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_remove(map, &fp2), NULL);
+
+  fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp2, (void*)101);
+  fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp3, (void*)102);
+  fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp4, (void*)103);
+  test_eq(fp_pair_map_size(map), 4);
+  fp_pair_map_assert_ok(map);
+  fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp5, (void*)104);
+  fp_pair_map_set(map, &fp6, (void*)105);
+  fp_pair_map_assert_ok(map);
+
+  /* Test iterator. */
+  iter = fp_pair_map_iter_init(map);
+  while (!fp_pair_map_iter_done(iter)) {
+    fp_pair_map_iter_get(iter, &k, &v);
+    test_eq_ptr(v, fp_pair_map_get(map, &k));
+
+    if (tor_memeq(&fp2, &k, sizeof(fp2))) {
+      iter = fp_pair_map_iter_next_rmv(map, iter);
+    } else {
+      iter = fp_pair_map_iter_next(map, iter);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Make sure we removed fp2, but not the others. */
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp2), NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(fp_pair_map_get(map, &fp5), (void*)104);
+
+  fp_pair_map_assert_ok(map);
+  /* Clean up after ourselves. */
+  fp_pair_map_free(map, NULL);
+  map = NULL;
+
+ done:
+  if (map)
+    fp_pair_map_free(map, NULL);
+}
+
 #define CONTAINER_LEGACY(name)                                          \
   { #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup, test_container_ ## name }
 
@@ -796,6 +923,8 @@ struct testcase_t container_tests[] = {
   CONTAINER_LEGACY(strmap),
   CONTAINER_LEGACY(pqueue),
   CONTAINER_LEGACY(order_functions),
+  { "di_map", test_di_map, 0, NULL, NULL },
+  CONTAINER_LEGACY(fp_pair_map),
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
 
diff --git a/src/test/test_crypto.c b/src/test/test_crypto.c
index 7f4347a41c..f92bfd673e 100644
--- a/src/test/test_crypto.c
+++ b/src/test/test_crypto.c
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
 #define CRYPTO_PRIVATE
+#define CRYPTO_CURVE25519_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
 #include "test.h"
 #include "aes.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#endif
 
 /** Run unit tests for Diffie-Hellman functionality. */
 static void
@@ -119,9 +124,9 @@ test_crypto_aes(void *arg)
   memset(data2, 0, 1024);
   memset(data3, 0, 1024);
   env1 = crypto_cipher_new(NULL);
-  test_neq(env1, 0);
+  test_neq_ptr(env1, 0);
   env2 = crypto_cipher_new(crypto_cipher_get_key(env1));
-  test_neq(env2, 0);
+  test_neq_ptr(env2, 0);
 
   /* Try encrypting 512 chars. */
   crypto_cipher_encrypt(env1, data2, data1, 512);
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ test_crypto_aes(void *arg)
 
   memset(data3, 0, 1024);
   env2 = crypto_cipher_new(crypto_cipher_get_key(env1));
-  test_neq(env2, 0);
+  test_neq_ptr(env2, NULL);
   for (j = 0; j < 1024-16; j += 17) {
     crypto_cipher_encrypt(env2, data3+j, data1+j, 17);
   }
@@ -427,6 +432,11 @@ test_crypto_pk(void)
   test_assert(! crypto_pk_read_public_key_from_string(pk2, encoded, size));
   test_eq(0, crypto_pk_cmp_keys(pk1, pk2));
 
+  /* comparison between keys and NULL */
+  tt_int_op(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(NULL, pk1), <, 0);
+  tt_int_op(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(NULL, NULL), ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(pk1, NULL), >, 0);
+
   test_eq(128, crypto_pk_keysize(pk1));
   test_eq(1024, crypto_pk_num_bits(pk1));
   test_eq(128, crypto_pk_keysize(pk2));
@@ -626,22 +636,6 @@ test_crypto_formats(void)
     tor_free(data2);
   }
 
-  /* Check fingerprint */
-  {
-    test_assert(crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000"));
-    test_assert(!crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 000"));
-    test_assert(!crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 00000"));
-    test_assert(!crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD1234 ABCD 5678 0000"));
-    test_assert(!crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD1234 ABCD 5678 00000"));
-    test_assert(!crypto_pk_check_fingerprint_syntax(
-                "ACD 1234 ABCD 5678 0000 ABCD 1234 ABCD 5678 00000"));
-  }
-
  done:
   tor_free(data1);
   tor_free(data2);
@@ -736,7 +730,7 @@ test_crypto_aes_iv(void *arg)
   /* Decrypt with the wrong key. */
   decrypted_size = crypto_cipher_decrypt_with_iv(key2, decrypted2, 4095,
                                              encrypted1, encrypted_size);
-  test_memneq(plain, decrypted2, encrypted_size);
+  test_memneq(plain, decrypted2, decrypted_size);
   /* Alter the initialization vector. */
   encrypted1[0] += 42;
   decrypted_size = crypto_cipher_decrypt_with_iv(key1, decrypted1, 4095,
@@ -827,6 +821,293 @@ test_crypto_base32_decode(void)
   ;
 }
 
+static void
+test_crypto_kdf_TAP(void *arg)
+{
+  uint8_t key_material[100];
+  int r;
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+
+  (void)arg;
+#define EXPAND(s)                                \
+  r = crypto_expand_key_material_TAP(            \
+    (const uint8_t*)(s), strlen(s),              \
+    key_material, 100)
+
+  /* Test vectors generated with a little python script; feel free to write
+   * your own. */
+  memset(key_material, 0, sizeof(key_material));
+  EXPAND("");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "5ba93c9db0cff93f52b521d7420e43f6eda2784fbf8b4530d8"
+                 "d246dd74ac53a13471bba17941dff7c4ea21bb365bbeeaf5f2"
+                 "c654883e56d11e43c44e9842926af7ca0a8cca12604f945414"
+                 "f07b01e13da42c6cf1de3abfdea9b95f34687cbbe92b9a7383");
+
+  EXPAND("Tor");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "776c6214fc647aaa5f683c737ee66ec44f03d0372e1cce6922"
+                 "7950f236ddf1e329a7ce7c227903303f525a8c6662426e8034"
+                 "870642a6dabbd41b5d97ec9bf2312ea729992f48f8ea2d0ba8"
+                 "3f45dfda1a80bdc8b80de01b23e3e0ffae099b3e4ccf28dc28");
+
+  EXPAND("AN ALARMING ITEM TO FIND ON A MONTHLY AUTO-DEBIT NOTICE");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "a340b5d126086c3ab29c2af4179196dbf95e1c72431419d331"
+                 "4844bf8f6afb6098db952b95581fb6c33625709d6f4400b8e7"
+                 "ace18a70579fad83c0982ef73f89395bcc39493ad53a685854"
+                 "daf2ba9b78733b805d9a6824c907ee1dba5ac27a1e466d4d10");
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+
+#undef EXPAND
+}
+
+static void
+test_crypto_hkdf_sha256(void *arg)
+{
+  uint8_t key_material[100];
+  const uint8_t salt[] = "ntor-curve25519-sha256-1:key_extract";
+  const size_t salt_len = strlen((char*)salt);
+  const uint8_t m_expand[] = "ntor-curve25519-sha256-1:key_expand";
+  const size_t m_expand_len = strlen((char*)m_expand);
+  int r;
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+#define EXPAND(s) \
+  r = crypto_expand_key_material_rfc5869_sha256( \
+    (const uint8_t*)(s), strlen(s),              \
+    salt, salt_len,                              \
+    m_expand, m_expand_len,                      \
+    key_material, 100)
+
+  /* Test vectors generated with ntor_ref.py */
+  memset(key_material, 0, sizeof(key_material));
+  EXPAND("");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "d3490ed48b12a48f9547861583573fe3f19aafe3f81dc7fc75"
+                 "eeed96d741b3290f941576c1f9f0b2d463d1ec7ab2c6bf71cd"
+                 "d7f826c6298c00dbfe6711635d7005f0269493edf6046cc7e7"
+                 "dcf6abe0d20c77cf363e8ffe358927817a3d3e73712cee28d8");
+
+  EXPAND("Tor");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "5521492a85139a8d9107a2d5c0d9c91610d0f95989975ebee6"
+                 "c02a4f8d622a6cfdf9b7c7edd3832e2760ded1eac309b76f8d"
+                 "66c4a3c4d6225429b3a016e3c3d45911152fc87bc2de9630c3"
+                 "961be9fdb9f93197ea8e5977180801926d3321fa21513e59ac");
+
+  EXPAND("AN ALARMING ITEM TO FIND ON YOUR CREDIT-RATING STATEMENT");
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+  test_memeq_hex(key_material,
+                 "a2aa9b50da7e481d30463adb8f233ff06e9571a0ca6ab6df0f"
+                 "b206fa34e5bc78d063fc291501beec53b36e5a0e434561200c"
+                 "5f8bd13e0f88b3459600b4dc21d69363e2895321c06184879d"
+                 "94b18f078411be70b767c7fc40679a9440a0c95ea83a23efbf");
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+#undef EXPAND
+}
+
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+static void
+test_crypto_curve25519_impl(void *arg)
+{
+  /* adapted from curve25519_donna, which adapted it from test-curve25519
+     version 20050915, by D. J. Bernstein, Public domain. */
+
+  const int randomize_high_bit = (arg != NULL);
+
+#ifdef SLOW_CURVE25519_TEST
+  const int loop_max=10000;
+  const char e1_expected[]    = "4faf81190869fd742a33691b0e0824d5"
+                                "7e0329f4dd2819f5f32d130f1296b500";
+  const char e2k_expected[]   = "05aec13f92286f3a781ccae98995a3b9"
+                                "e0544770bc7de853b38f9100489e3e79";
+  const char e1e2k_expected[] = "cd6e8269104eb5aaee886bd2071fba88"
+                                "bd13861475516bc2cd2b6e005e805064";
+#else
+  const int loop_max=200;
+  const char e1_expected[]    = "bc7112cde03f97ef7008cad1bdc56be3"
+                                "c6a1037d74cceb3712e9206871dcf654";
+  const char e2k_expected[]   = "dd8fa254fb60bdb5142fe05b1f5de44d"
+                                "8e3ee1a63c7d14274ea5d4c67f065467";
+  const char e1e2k_expected[] = "7ddb98bd89025d2347776b33901b3e7e"
+                                "c0ee98cb2257a4545c0cfb2ca3e1812b";
+#endif
+
+  unsigned char e1k[32];
+  unsigned char e2k[32];
+  unsigned char e1e2k[32];
+  unsigned char e2e1k[32];
+  unsigned char e1[32] = {3};
+  unsigned char e2[32] = {5};
+  unsigned char k[32] = {9};
+  int loop, i;
+
+  char *mem_op_hex_tmp = NULL;
+
+  for (loop = 0; loop < loop_max; ++loop) {
+    curve25519_impl(e1k,e1,k);
+    curve25519_impl(e2e1k,e2,e1k);
+    curve25519_impl(e2k,e2,k);
+    if (randomize_high_bit) {
+      /* We require that the high bit of the public key be ignored. So if
+       * we're doing this variant test, we randomize the high bit of e2k, and
+       * make sure that the handshake still works out the same as it would
+       * otherwise. */
+      uint8_t byte;
+      crypto_rand((char*)&byte, 1);
+      e2k[31] |= (byte & 0x80);
+    }
+    curve25519_impl(e1e2k,e1,e2k);
+    test_memeq(e1e2k, e2e1k, 32);
+    if (loop == loop_max-1) {
+      break;
+    }
+    for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) e1[i] ^= e2k[i];
+    for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) e2[i] ^= e1k[i];
+    for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) k[i] ^= e1e2k[i];
+  }
+
+  test_memeq_hex(e1, e1_expected);
+  test_memeq_hex(e2k, e2k_expected);
+  test_memeq_hex(e1e2k, e1e2k_expected);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(mem_op_hex_tmp);
+}
+
+static void
+test_crypto_curve25519_wrappers(void *arg)
+{
+  curve25519_public_key_t pubkey1, pubkey2;
+  curve25519_secret_key_t seckey1, seckey2;
+
+  uint8_t output1[CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN];
+  uint8_t output2[CURVE25519_OUTPUT_LEN];
+  (void)arg;
+
+  /* Test a simple handshake, serializing and deserializing some stuff. */
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&seckey1, 0);
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&seckey2, 1);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&pubkey1, &seckey1);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&pubkey2, &seckey2);
+  test_assert(curve25519_public_key_is_ok(&pubkey1));
+  test_assert(curve25519_public_key_is_ok(&pubkey2));
+  curve25519_handshake(output1, &seckey1, &pubkey2);
+  curve25519_handshake(output2, &seckey2, &pubkey1);
+  test_memeq(output1, output2, sizeof(output1));
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_crypto_curve25519_encode(void *arg)
+{
+  curve25519_secret_key_t seckey;
+  curve25519_public_key_t key1, key2, key3;
+  char buf[64];
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+  curve25519_secret_key_generate(&seckey, 0);
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&key1, &seckey);
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, curve25519_public_to_base64(buf, &key1));
+  tt_int_op(CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN, ==, strlen(buf));
+
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, curve25519_public_from_base64(&key2, buf));
+  test_memeq(key1.public_key, key2.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+
+  buf[CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN - 1] = '\0';
+  tt_int_op(CURVE25519_BASE64_PADDED_LEN-1, ==, strlen(buf));
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, curve25519_public_from_base64(&key3, buf));
+  test_memeq(key1.public_key, key3.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+
+  /* Now try bogus parses. */
+  strlcpy(buf, "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$=", sizeof(buf));
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, curve25519_public_from_base64(&key3, buf));
+
+  strlcpy(buf, "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$", sizeof(buf));
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, curve25519_public_from_base64(&key3, buf));
+
+  strlcpy(buf, "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", sizeof(buf));
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, curve25519_public_from_base64(&key3, buf));
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_crypto_curve25519_persist(void *arg)
+{
+  curve25519_keypair_t keypair, keypair2;
+  char *fname = tor_strdup(get_fname("curve25519_keypair"));
+  char *tag = NULL;
+  char *content = NULL;
+  const char *cp;
+  struct stat st;
+  size_t taglen;
+
+  (void)arg;
+
+  tt_int_op(0,==,curve25519_keypair_generate(&keypair, 0));
+
+  tt_int_op(0,==,curve25519_keypair_write_to_file(&keypair, fname, "testing"));
+  tt_int_op(0,==,curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(&keypair2, &tag, fname));
+  tt_str_op(tag,==,"testing");
+  tor_free(tag);
+
+  test_memeq(keypair.pubkey.public_key,
+             keypair2.pubkey.public_key,
+             CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+  test_memeq(keypair.seckey.secret_key,
+             keypair2.seckey.secret_key,
+             CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+
+  content = read_file_to_str(fname, RFTS_BIN, &st);
+  tt_assert(content);
+  taglen = strlen("== c25519v1: testing ==");
+  tt_int_op(st.st_size, ==, 32+CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN+CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  tt_assert(fast_memeq(content, "== c25519v1: testing ==", taglen));
+  tt_assert(tor_mem_is_zero(content+taglen, 32-taglen));
+  cp = content + 32;
+  test_memeq(keypair.seckey.secret_key,
+             cp,
+             CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  cp += CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN;
+  test_memeq(keypair.pubkey.public_key,
+             cp,
+             CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+
+  tor_free(fname);
+  fname = tor_strdup(get_fname("bogus_keypair"));
+
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(&keypair2, &tag, fname));
+  tor_free(tag);
+
+  content[69] ^= 0xff;
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, write_bytes_to_file(fname, content, (size_t)st.st_size, 1));
+  tt_int_op(-1, ==, curve25519_keypair_read_from_file(&keypair2, &tag, fname));
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(fname);
+  tor_free(content);
+  tor_free(tag);
+}
+
+#endif
+
 static void *
 pass_data_setup_fn(const struct testcase_t *testcase)
 {
@@ -858,6 +1139,15 @@ struct testcase_t crypto_tests[] = {
   { "aes_iv_AES", test_crypto_aes_iv, TT_FORK, &pass_data, (void*)"aes" },
   { "aes_iv_EVP", test_crypto_aes_iv, TT_FORK, &pass_data, (void*)"evp" },
   CRYPTO_LEGACY(base32_decode),
+  { "kdf_TAP", test_crypto_kdf_TAP, 0, NULL, NULL },
+  { "hkdf_sha256", test_crypto_hkdf_sha256, 0, NULL, NULL },
+#ifdef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+  { "curve25519_impl", test_crypto_curve25519_impl, 0, NULL, NULL },
+  { "curve25519_impl_hibit", test_crypto_curve25519_impl, 0, NULL, (void*)"y"},
+  { "curve25519_wrappers", test_crypto_curve25519_wrappers, 0, NULL, NULL },
+  { "curve25519_encode", test_crypto_curve25519_encode, 0, NULL, NULL },
+  { "curve25519_persist", test_crypto_curve25519_persist, 0, NULL, NULL },
+#endif
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
 
diff --git a/src/test/test_data.c b/src/test/test_data.c
index de2f9f58eb..5f0f7cba01 100644
--- a/src/test/test_data.c
+++ b/src/test/test_data.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright 2001-2004 Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /** First of 3 example authority certificates for unit testing. */
diff --git a/src/test/test_dir.c b/src/test/test_dir.c
index 83c612045b..56ac3b34c7 100644
--- a/src/test/test_dir.c
+++ b/src/test/test_dir.c
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
+#include <math.h>
+
 #define DIRSERV_PRIVATE
 #define DIRVOTE_PRIVATE
 #define ROUTER_PRIVATE
+#define ROUTERLIST_PRIVATE
 #define HIBERNATE_PRIVATE
 #include "or.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "directory.h"
 #include "dirserv.h"
 #include "dirvote.h"
@@ -70,22 +74,24 @@ test_dir_nicknames(void)
 static void
 test_dir_formats(void)
 {
-  char buf[8192], buf2[8192];
+  char *buf = NULL;
+  char buf2[8192];
   char platform[256];
   char fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
-  char *pk1_str = NULL, *pk2_str = NULL, *pk3_str = NULL, *cp;
-  size_t pk1_str_len, pk2_str_len, pk3_str_len;
+  char *pk1_str = NULL, *pk2_str = NULL, *cp;
+  size_t pk1_str_len, pk2_str_len;
   routerinfo_t *r1=NULL, *r2=NULL;
-  crypto_pk_t *pk1 = NULL, *pk2 = NULL, *pk3 = NULL;
-  routerinfo_t *rp1 = NULL;
+  crypto_pk_t *pk1 = NULL, *pk2 = NULL;
+  routerinfo_t *rp1 = NULL, *rp2 = NULL;
   addr_policy_t *ex1, *ex2;
   routerlist_t *dir1 = NULL, *dir2 = NULL;
+  or_options_t *options = get_options_mutable();
+  const addr_policy_t *p;
 
   pk1 = pk_generate(0);
   pk2 = pk_generate(1);
-  pk3 = pk_generate(2);
 
-  test_assert(pk1 && pk2 && pk3);
+  test_assert(pk1 && pk2);
 
   hibernate_set_state_for_testing_(HIBERNATE_STATE_LIVE);
 
@@ -125,31 +131,36 @@ test_dir_formats(void)
   r2->or_port = 9005;
   r2->dir_port = 0;
   r2->onion_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(pk2);
+  r2->onion_curve25519_pkey = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(curve25519_public_key_t));
+  curve25519_public_from_base64(r2->onion_curve25519_pkey,
+                                "skyinAnvardNostarsNomoonNowindormistsorsnow");
   r2->identity_pkey = crypto_pk_dup_key(pk1);
   r2->bandwidthrate = r2->bandwidthburst = r2->bandwidthcapacity = 3000;
   r2->exit_policy = smartlist_new();
-  smartlist_add(r2->exit_policy, ex2);
   smartlist_add(r2->exit_policy, ex1);
+  smartlist_add(r2->exit_policy, ex2);
   r2->nickname = tor_strdup("Fred");
 
   test_assert(!crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(pk1, &pk1_str,
                                                     &pk1_str_len));
   test_assert(!crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(pk2 , &pk2_str,
                                                     &pk2_str_len));
-  test_assert(!crypto_pk_write_public_key_to_string(pk3 , &pk3_str,
-                                                    &pk3_str_len));
 
-  memset(buf, 0, 2048);
-  test_assert(router_dump_router_to_string(buf, 2048, r1, pk2)>0);
+  /* XXXX025 router_dump_to_string should really take this from ri.*/
+  options->ContactInfo = tor_strdup("Magri White "
+                                    "<magri@elsewhere.example.com>");
+  buf = router_dump_router_to_string(r1, pk2);
+  tor_free(options->ContactInfo);
+  test_assert(buf);
 
   strlcpy(buf2, "router Magri 18.244.0.1 9000 0 9003\n"
           "or-address [1:2:3:4::]:9999\n"
           "platform Tor "VERSION" on ", sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, get_uname(), sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, "\n"
-          "opt protocols Link 1 2 Circuit 1\n"
+          "protocols Link 1 2 Circuit 1\n"
           "published 1970-01-01 00:00:00\n"
-          "opt fingerprint ", sizeof(buf2));
+          "fingerprint ", sizeof(buf2));
   test_assert(!crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(pk2, fingerprint, 1));
   strlcat(buf2, fingerprint, sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, "\nuptime 0\n"
@@ -161,14 +172,18 @@ test_dir_formats(void)
   strlcat(buf2, pk1_str, sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, "signing-key\n", sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, pk2_str, sizeof(buf2));
-  strlcat(buf2, "opt hidden-service-dir\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "hidden-service-dir\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "contact Magri White <magri@elsewhere.example.com>\n",
+          sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, "reject *:*\nrouter-signature\n", sizeof(buf2));
   buf[strlen(buf2)] = '\0'; /* Don't compare the sig; it's never the same
                              * twice */
 
   test_streq(buf, buf2);
+  tor_free(buf);
 
-  test_assert(router_dump_router_to_string(buf, 2048, r1, pk2)>0);
+  buf = router_dump_router_to_string(r1, pk2);
+  test_assert(buf);
   cp = buf;
   rp1 = router_parse_entry_from_string((const char*)cp,NULL,1,0,NULL);
   test_assert(rp1);
@@ -182,35 +197,67 @@ test_dir_formats(void)
   test_assert(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(rp1->identity_pkey, pk2) == 0);
   //test_assert(rp1->exit_policy == NULL);
 
-#if 0
-  /* XXX Once we have exit policies, test this again. XXX */
-  strlcpy(buf2, "router tor.tor.tor 9005 0 0 3000\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcpy(buf2,
+          "router Fred 1.1.1.1 9005 0 0\n"
+          "platform Tor "VERSION" on ", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, get_uname(), sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "\n"
+          "protocols Link 1 2 Circuit 1\n"
+          "published 1970-01-01 00:00:05\n"
+          "fingerprint ", sizeof(buf2));
+  test_assert(!crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(pk1, fingerprint, 1));
+  strlcat(buf2, fingerprint, sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "\nuptime 0\n"
+          "bandwidth 3000 3000 3000\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "onion-key\n", sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, pk2_str, sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, "signing-key\n", sizeof(buf2));
   strlcat(buf2, pk1_str, sizeof(buf2));
-  strlcat(buf2, "accept *:80\nreject 18.*:24\n\n", sizeof(buf2));
-  test_assert(router_dump_router_to_string(buf, 2048, &r2, pk2)>0);
+  strlcat(buf2, "hidden-service-dir\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "ntor-onion-key "
+          "skyinAnvardNostarsNomoonNowindormistsorsnow=\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "accept *:80\nreject 18.0.0.0/8:24\n", sizeof(buf2));
+  strlcat(buf2, "router-signature\n", sizeof(buf2));
+
+  buf = router_dump_router_to_string(r2, pk1);
+  buf[strlen(buf2)] = '\0'; /* Don't compare the sig; it's never the same
+                             * twice */
   test_streq(buf, buf2);
+  tor_free(buf);
 
+  buf = router_dump_router_to_string(r2, pk1);
   cp = buf;
-  rp2 = router_parse_entry_from_string(&cp,1);
+  rp2 = router_parse_entry_from_string((const char*)cp,NULL,1,0,NULL);
   test_assert(rp2);
-  test_streq(rp2->address, r2.address);
-  test_eq(rp2->or_port, r2.or_port);
-  test_eq(rp2->dir_port, r2.dir_port);
-  test_eq(rp2->bandwidth, r2.bandwidth);
+  test_streq(rp2->address, r2->address);
+  test_eq(rp2->or_port, r2->or_port);
+  test_eq(rp2->dir_port, r2->dir_port);
+  test_eq(rp2->bandwidthrate, r2->bandwidthrate);
+  test_eq(rp2->bandwidthburst, r2->bandwidthburst);
+  test_eq(rp2->bandwidthcapacity, r2->bandwidthcapacity);
+  test_memeq(rp2->onion_curve25519_pkey->public_key,
+             r2->onion_curve25519_pkey->public_key,
+             CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
   test_assert(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(rp2->onion_pkey, pk2) == 0);
   test_assert(crypto_pk_cmp_keys(rp2->identity_pkey, pk1) == 0);
-  test_eq(rp2->exit_policy->policy_type, EXIT_POLICY_ACCEPT);
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->string, "accept *:80");
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->address, "*");
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->port, "80");
-  test_eq(rp2->exit_policy->next->policy_type, EXIT_POLICY_REJECT);
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->next->string, "reject 18.*:24");
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->next->address, "18.*");
-  test_streq(rp2->exit_policy->next->port, "24");
-  test_assert(rp2->exit_policy->next->next == NULL);
 
+  test_eq(smartlist_len(rp2->exit_policy), 2);
+
+  p = smartlist_get(rp2->exit_policy, 0);
+  test_eq(p->policy_type, ADDR_POLICY_ACCEPT);
+  test_assert(tor_addr_is_null(&p->addr));
+  test_eq(p->maskbits, 0);
+  test_eq(p->prt_min, 80);
+  test_eq(p->prt_max, 80);
+
+  p = smartlist_get(rp2->exit_policy, 1);
+  test_eq(p->policy_type, ADDR_POLICY_REJECT);
+  test_assert(tor_addr_eq(&p->addr, &ex2->addr));
+  test_eq(p->maskbits, 8);
+  test_eq(p->prt_min, 24);
+  test_eq(p->prt_max, 24);
+
+#if 0
   /* Okay, now for the directories. */
   {
     fingerprint_list = smartlist_new();
@@ -220,24 +267,6 @@ test_dir_formats(void)
     add_fingerprint_to_dir("Fred", buf, fingerprint_list);
   }
 
-  {
-  char d[DIGEST_LEN];
-  const char *m;
-  /* XXXX NM re-enable. */
-  /* Make sure routers aren't too far in the past any more. */
-  r1->cache_info.published_on = time(NULL);
-  r2->cache_info.published_on = time(NULL)-3*60*60;
-  test_assert(router_dump_router_to_string(buf, 2048, r1, pk2)>0);
-  test_eq(dirserv_add_descriptor(buf,&m,""), ROUTER_ADDED_NOTIFY_GENERATOR);
-  test_assert(router_dump_router_to_string(buf, 2048, r2, pk1)>0);
-  test_eq(dirserv_add_descriptor(buf,&m,""), ROUTER_ADDED_NOTIFY_GENERATOR);
-  get_options()->Nickname = tor_strdup("DirServer");
-  test_assert(!dirserv_dump_directory_to_string(&cp,pk3, 0));
-  crypto_pk_get_digest(pk3, d);
-  test_assert(!router_parse_directory(cp));
-  test_eq(2, smartlist_len(dir1->routers));
-  tor_free(cp);
-  }
 #endif
   dirserv_free_fingerprint_list();
 
@@ -247,12 +276,11 @@ test_dir_formats(void)
   if (r2)
     routerinfo_free(r2);
 
+  tor_free(buf);
   tor_free(pk1_str);
   tor_free(pk2_str);
-  tor_free(pk3_str);
   if (pk1) crypto_pk_free(pk1);
   if (pk2) crypto_pk_free(pk2);
-  if (pk3) crypto_pk_free(pk3);
   if (rp1) routerinfo_free(rp1);
   tor_free(dir1); /* XXXX And more !*/
   tor_free(dir2); /* And more !*/
@@ -422,10 +450,8 @@ test_dir_split_fps(void *testdata)
     "0123456789ABCdef0123456789ABCdef0123456789ABCdef0123456789ABCdef"
 #define B64_1 "/g2v+JEnOJvGdVhpEjEjRVEZPu4"
 #define B64_2 "3q2+75mZmZERERmZmRERERHwC6Q"
-#define B64_3 "sz/wDbM/8A2zP/ANsz/wDbM/8A0"
 #define B64_256_1 "8/Pz8/u7vz8/Pz+7vz8/Pz+7u/Pz8/P7u/Pz8/P7u78"
 #define B64_256_2 "zMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMw"
-#define B64_256_3 "ASNFZ4mrze8BI0VniavN7wEjRWeJq83vASNFZ4mrze8"
 
   /* no flags set */
   dir_split_resource_into_fingerprints("A+C+B", sl, NULL, 0);
@@ -525,7 +551,7 @@ test_dir_split_fps(void *testdata)
 }
 
 static void
-test_dir_measured_bw(void)
+test_dir_measured_bw_kb(void)
 {
   measured_bw_line_t mbwl;
   int i;
@@ -581,7 +607,7 @@ test_dir_measured_bw(void)
   for (i = 0; strcmp(lines_pass[i], "end"); i++) {
     //fprintf(stderr, "Testing: %s %d\n", lines_pass[i], TOR_ISSPACE('\n'));
     test_assert(measured_bw_line_parse(&mbwl, lines_pass[i]) == 0);
-    test_assert(mbwl.bw == 1024);
+    test_assert(mbwl.bw_kb == 1024);
     test_assert(strcmp(mbwl.node_hex,
                 "557365204145532d32353620696e73746561642e") == 0);
   }
@@ -590,6 +616,83 @@ test_dir_measured_bw(void)
   return;
 }
 
+#define MBWC_INIT_TIME 1000
+
+/** Do the measured bandwidth cache unit test */
+static void
+test_dir_measured_bw_kb_cache(void)
+{
+  /* Initial fake time_t for testing */
+  time_t curr = MBWC_INIT_TIME;
+  /* Some measured_bw_line_ts */
+  measured_bw_line_t mbwl[3];
+  /* For receiving output on cache queries */
+  long bw;
+  time_t as_of;
+
+  /* First, clear the cache and assert that it's empty */
+  dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache();
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 0);
+  /*
+   * Set up test mbwls; none of the dirserv_cache_*() functions care about
+   * the node_hex field.
+   */
+  memset(mbwl[0].node_id, 0x01, DIGEST_LEN);
+  mbwl[0].bw_kb = 20;
+  memset(mbwl[1].node_id, 0x02, DIGEST_LEN);
+  mbwl[1].bw_kb = 40;
+  memset(mbwl[2].node_id, 0x03, DIGEST_LEN);
+  mbwl[2].bw_kb = 80;
+  /* Try caching something */
+  dirserv_cache_measured_bw(&(mbwl[0]), curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 1);
+  /* Okay, let's see if we can retrieve it */
+  test_assert(dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(mbwl[0].node_id,&bw, &as_of));
+  test_eq(bw, 20);
+  test_eq(as_of, MBWC_INIT_TIME);
+  /* Try retrieving it without some outputs */
+  test_assert(dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(mbwl[0].node_id,NULL, NULL));
+  test_assert(dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(mbwl[0].node_id,&bw, NULL));
+  test_eq(bw, 20);
+  test_assert(dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(mbwl[0].node_id,NULL,&as_of));
+  test_eq(as_of, MBWC_INIT_TIME);
+  /* Now expire it */
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE + 1;
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(curr);
+  /* Check that the cache is empty */
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 0);
+  /* Check that we can't retrieve it */
+  test_assert(!dirserv_query_measured_bw_cache_kb(mbwl[0].node_id, NULL,NULL));
+  /* Try caching a few things now */
+  dirserv_cache_measured_bw(&(mbwl[0]), curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 1);
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4;
+  dirserv_cache_measured_bw(&(mbwl[1]), curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 2);
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4;
+  dirserv_cache_measured_bw(&(mbwl[2]), curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 3);
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4 + 1;
+  /* Do an expire that's too soon to get any of them */
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 3);
+  /* Push the oldest one off the cliff */
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4;
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 2);
+  /* And another... */
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4;
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 1);
+  /* This should empty it out again */
+  curr += MAX_MEASUREMENT_AGE / 4;
+  dirserv_expire_measured_bw_cache(curr);
+  test_eq(dirserv_get_measured_bw_cache_size(), 0);
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
 static void
 test_dir_param_voting(void)
 {
@@ -761,6 +864,17 @@ generate_ri_from_rs(const vote_routerstatus_t *vrs)
     strlen(r->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body);
   r->exit_policy = smartlist_new();
   r->cache_info.published_on = ++published + time(NULL);
+  if (rs->has_bandwidth) {
+    /*
+     * Multiply by 1000 because the routerinfo_t and the routerstatus_t
+     * seem to use different units (*sigh*) and because we seem stuck on
+     * icky and perverse decimal kilobytes (*double sigh*) - see
+     * router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped() of routerlist.c and
+     * routerstatus_format_entry() of dirserv.c.
+     */
+    r->bandwidthrate = rs->bandwidth_kb * 1000;
+    r->bandwidthcapacity = rs->bandwidth_kb * 1000;
+  }
   return r;
 }
 
@@ -781,15 +895,328 @@ get_detached_sigs(networkstatus_t *ns, networkstatus_t *ns2)
   return r;
 }
 
-/** Run unit tests for generating and parsing V3 consensus networkstatus
- * documents. */
+/**
+ * Generate a routerstatus for v3_networkstatus test
+ */
+static vote_routerstatus_t *
+gen_routerstatus_for_v3ns(int idx, time_t now)
+{
+  vote_routerstatus_t *vrs=NULL;
+  routerstatus_t *rs;
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+
+  switch (idx) {
+    case 0:
+      /* Generate the first routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.2.14");
+      rs->published_on = now-1500;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router2", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 3, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 78, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0x99008801;
+      rs->or_port = 443;
+      rs->dir_port = 8000;
+      /* all flags but running cleared */
+      rs->is_flagged_running = 1;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      /* Generate the second routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.2.0.5");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router1", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 5, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 77, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0x99009901;
+      rs->or_port = 443;
+      rs->dir_port = 0;
+      tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+      tor_addr_copy(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6);
+      rs->ipv6_orport = 4711;
+      rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast = rs->is_flagged_running =
+        rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir = rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      /* Generate the third routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.0.3");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router3", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 33, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 79, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0xAA009901;
+      rs->or_port = 400;
+      rs->dir_port = 9999;
+      rs->is_authority = rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast =
+        rs->is_flagged_running = rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir =
+        rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      /* Generate a fourth routerstatus that is not running. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.6.3");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router4", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 34, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 47, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0xC0000203;
+      rs->or_port = 500;
+      rs->dir_port = 1999;
+      /* Running flag (and others) cleared */
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      /* No more for this test; return NULL */
+      vrs = NULL;
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Shouldn't happen */
+      test_assert(0);
+  }
+  if (vrs) {
+    vrs->microdesc = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_microdesc_hash_t));
+    tor_asprintf(&vrs->microdesc->microdesc_hash_line,
+                 "m 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 "
+                 "sha256=xyzajkldsdsajdadlsdjaslsdksdjlsdjsdaskdaaa%d\n",
+                 idx);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return vrs;
+}
+
+/** Apply tweaks to the vote list for each voter */
+static int
+vote_tweaks_for_v3ns(networkstatus_t *v, int voter, time_t now)
+{
+  vote_routerstatus_t *vrs;
+  const char *msg = NULL;
+
+  test_assert(v);
+  (void)now;
+
+  if (voter == 1) {
+    measured_bw_line_t mbw;
+    memset(mbw.node_id, 33, sizeof(mbw.node_id));
+    mbw.bw_kb = 1024;
+    test_assert(measured_bw_line_apply(&mbw,
+                v->routerstatus_list) == 1);
+  } else if (voter == 2 || voter == 3) {
+    /* Monkey around with the list a bit */
+    vrs = smartlist_get(v->routerstatus_list, 2);
+    smartlist_del_keeporder(v->routerstatus_list, 2);
+    tor_free(vrs->version);
+    tor_free(vrs);
+    vrs = smartlist_get(v->routerstatus_list, 0);
+    vrs->status.is_fast = 1;
+
+    if (voter == 3) {
+      vrs = smartlist_get(v->routerstatus_list, 0);
+      smartlist_del_keeporder(v->routerstatus_list, 0);
+      tor_free(vrs->version);
+      tor_free(vrs);
+      vrs = smartlist_get(v->routerstatus_list, 0);
+      memset(vrs->status.descriptor_digest, (int)'Z', DIGEST_LEN);
+      test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(
+                  generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0) >= 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a parsed vote_routerstatus_t for v3_networkstatus test
+ */
 static void
-test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
+test_vrs_for_v3ns(vote_routerstatus_t *vrs, int voter, time_t now)
+{
+  routerstatus_t *rs;
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+
+  test_assert(vrs);
+  rs = &(vrs->status);
+  test_assert(rs);
+
+  /* Split out by digests to test */
+  if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+                DIGEST_LEN) &&
+                (voter == 1)) {
+    /* Check the first routerstatus. */
+    test_streq(vrs->version, "0.1.2.14");
+    test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1500);
+    test_streq(rs->nickname, "router2");
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99008801);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 8000);
+    test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(16)); // no flags except "running"
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+                       DIGEST_LEN) &&
+                       (voter == 1 || voter == 2)) {
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+
+    if (voter == 1) {
+      /* Check the second routerstatus. */
+      test_streq(vrs->version, "0.2.0.5");
+      test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
+      test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
+    }
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
+    tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+    test_assert(tor_addr_eq(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6));
+    test_eq(rs->ipv6_orport, 4711);
+    if (voter == 1) {
+      test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(254)); // all flags except "authority."
+    } else {
+      /* 1023 - authority(1) - madeofcheese(16) - madeoftin(32) */
+      test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(974));
+    }
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33"
+                       "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33",
+                       DIGEST_LEN) &&
+                       (voter == 1 || voter == 2)) {
+    /* Check the measured bandwidth bits */
+    test_assert(vrs->has_measured_bw &&
+                vrs->measured_bw_kb == 1024);
+  } else {
+    /*
+     * Didn't expect this, but the old unit test only checked some of them,
+     * so don't assert.
+     */
+    /* test_assert(0); */
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a consensus for v3_networkstatus_test
+ */
+static void
+test_consensus_for_v3ns(networkstatus_t *con, time_t now)
+{
+  (void)now;
+
+  test_assert(con);
+  test_assert(!con->cert);
+  test_eq(2, smartlist_len(con->routerstatus_list));
+  /* There should be two listed routers: one with identity 3, one with
+   * identity 5. */
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a router list entry for v3_networkstatus test
+ */
+static void
+test_routerstatus_for_v3ns(routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+
+  test_assert(rs);
+
+  /* There should be two listed routers: one with identity 3, one with
+   * identity 5. */
+  /* This one showed up in 2 digests. */
+  if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+                "\x3\x3",
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_exit);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_fast);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_possible_guard);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_stable);
+    /* (If it wasn't running it wouldn't be here) */
+    test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_v2_dir);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_valid);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_named);
+    /* XXXX check version */
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+                       DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /* This one showed up in 3 digests. Twice with ID 'M', once with 'Z'.  */
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
+    tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+    test_assert(tor_addr_eq(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6));
+    test_eq(rs->ipv6_orport, 4711);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
+    test_assert(rs->is_exit);
+    test_assert(rs->is_fast);
+    test_assert(rs->is_possible_guard);
+    test_assert(rs->is_stable);
+    test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
+    test_assert(rs->is_v2_dir);
+    test_assert(rs->is_valid);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_named);
+    /* XXXX check version */
+  } else {
+    /* Weren't expecting this... */
+    test_assert(0);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/** Run a unit tests for generating and parsing networkstatuses, with
+ * the supply test fns. */
+static void
+test_a_networkstatus(
+    vote_routerstatus_t * (*vrs_gen)(int idx, time_t now),
+    int (*vote_tweaks)(networkstatus_t *v, int voter, time_t now),
+    void (*vrs_test)(vote_routerstatus_t *vrs, int voter, time_t now),
+    void (*consensus_test)(networkstatus_t *con, time_t now),
+    void (*rs_test)(routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now))
 {
   authority_cert_t *cert1=NULL, *cert2=NULL, *cert3=NULL;
   crypto_pk_t *sign_skey_1=NULL, *sign_skey_2=NULL, *sign_skey_3=NULL;
   crypto_pk_t *sign_skey_leg1=NULL;
   const char *msg=NULL;
+  /*
+   * Sum the non-zero returns from vote_tweaks() we've seen; if vote_tweaks()
+   * returns non-zero, it changed net_params and we should skip the tests for
+   * that later as they will fail.
+   */
+  int params_tweaked = 0;
 
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   networkstatus_voter_info_t *voter;
@@ -798,6 +1225,7 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
     *con_md=NULL;
   vote_routerstatus_t *vrs;
   routerstatus_t *rs;
+  int idx, n_rs, n_vrs;
   char *v1_text=NULL, *v2_text=NULL, *v3_text=NULL, *consensus_text=NULL, *cp;
   smartlist_t *votes = smartlist_new();
 
@@ -809,6 +1237,10 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   networkstatus_t *con2=NULL, *con_md2=NULL, *con3=NULL, *con_md3=NULL;
   ns_detached_signatures_t *dsig1=NULL, *dsig2=NULL;
 
+  test_assert(vrs_gen);
+  test_assert(rs_test);
+  test_assert(vrs_test);
+
   /* Parse certificates and keys. */
   cert1 = authority_cert_parse_from_string(AUTHORITY_CERT_1, NULL);
   test_assert(cert1);
@@ -866,69 +1298,18 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   smartlist_split_string(vote->net_params, "circuitwindow=101 foo=990",
                          NULL, 0, 0);
   vote->routerstatus_list = smartlist_new();
-  /* add the first routerstatus. */
-  vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.2.14");
-  rs->published_on = now-1500;
-  strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router2", sizeof(rs->nickname));
-  memset(rs->identity_digest, 3, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 78, DIGEST_LEN);
-  rs->addr = 0x99008801;
-  rs->or_port = 443;
-  rs->dir_port = 8000;
-  /* all flags but running cleared */
-  rs->is_flagged_running = 1;
-  smartlist_add(vote->routerstatus_list, vrs);
-  test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0)>=0);
-
-  /* add the second routerstatus. */
-  vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.2.0.5");
-  rs->published_on = now-1000;
-  strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router1", sizeof(rs->nickname));
-  memset(rs->identity_digest, 5, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 77, DIGEST_LEN);
-  rs->addr = 0x99009901;
-  rs->or_port = 443;
-  rs->dir_port = 0;
-  rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast = rs->is_flagged_running =
-    rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir = rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
-  smartlist_add(vote->routerstatus_list, vrs);
-  test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0)>=0);
-
-  /* add the third routerstatus. */
-  vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.0.3");
-  rs->published_on = now-1000;
-  strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router3", sizeof(rs->nickname));
-  memset(rs->identity_digest, 33, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 79, DIGEST_LEN);
-  rs->addr = 0xAA009901;
-  rs->or_port = 400;
-  rs->dir_port = 9999;
-  rs->is_authority = rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast =
-    rs->is_flagged_running = rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir =
-    rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
-  smartlist_add(vote->routerstatus_list, vrs);
-  test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0)>=0);
-
-  /* add a fourth routerstatus that is not running. */
-  vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.6.3");
-  rs->published_on = now-1000;
-  strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router4", sizeof(rs->nickname));
-  memset(rs->identity_digest, 34, DIGEST_LEN);
-  memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 47, DIGEST_LEN);
-  rs->addr = 0xC0000203;
-  rs->or_port = 500;
-  rs->dir_port = 1999;
-  /* Running flag (and others) cleared */
-  smartlist_add(vote->routerstatus_list, vrs);
-  test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0)>=0);
+  /* add routerstatuses */
+  idx = 0;
+  do {
+    vrs = vrs_gen(idx, now);
+    if (vrs) {
+      smartlist_add(vote->routerstatus_list, vrs);
+      test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs),
+                                           &msg,0,0)>=0);
+      ++idx;
+    }
+  } while (vrs);
+  n_vrs = idx;
 
   /* dump the vote and try to parse it. */
   v1_text = format_networkstatus_vote(sign_skey_1, vote);
@@ -959,45 +1340,15 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   cp = smartlist_join_strings(v1->known_flags, ":", 0, NULL);
   test_streq(cp, "Authority:Exit:Fast:Guard:Running:Stable:V2Dir:Valid");
   tor_free(cp);
-  test_eq(smartlist_len(v1->routerstatus_list), 4);
-  /* Check the first routerstatus. */
-  vrs = smartlist_get(v1->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  test_streq(vrs->version, "0.1.2.14");
-  test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1500);
-  test_streq(rs->nickname, "router2");
-  test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
-             "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
-             DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99008801);
-  test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
-  test_eq(rs->dir_port, 8000);
-  test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(16)); // no flags except "running"
-  /* Check the second routerstatus. */
-  vrs = smartlist_get(v1->routerstatus_list, 1);
-  rs = &vrs->status;
-  test_streq(vrs->version, "0.2.0.5");
-  test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
-  test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
-  test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
-             "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
-             DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
-  test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
-  test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
-  test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(254)); // all flags except "authority."
+  test_eq(smartlist_len(v1->routerstatus_list), n_vrs);
 
-  {
-    measured_bw_line_t mbw;
-    memset(mbw.node_id, 33, sizeof(mbw.node_id));
-    mbw.bw = 1024;
-    test_assert(measured_bw_line_apply(&mbw,
-                v1->routerstatus_list) == 1);
-    vrs = smartlist_get(v1->routerstatus_list, 2);
-    test_assert(vrs->status.has_measured_bw &&
-                vrs->status.measured_bw == 1024);
+  if (vote_tweaks) params_tweaked += vote_tweaks(v1, 1, now);
+
+  /* Check the routerstatuses. */
+  for (idx = 0; idx < n_vrs; ++idx) {
+    vrs = smartlist_get(v1->routerstatus_list, idx);
+    test_assert(vrs);
+    vrs_test(vrs, 1, now);
   }
 
   /* Generate second vote. It disagrees on some of the times,
@@ -1022,25 +1373,28 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   smartlist_add(vote->known_flags, tor_strdup("MadeOfCheese"));
   smartlist_add(vote->known_flags, tor_strdup("MadeOfTin"));
   smartlist_sort_strings(vote->known_flags);
-  vrs = smartlist_get(vote->routerstatus_list, 2);
-  smartlist_del_keeporder(vote->routerstatus_list, 2);
-  tor_free(vrs->version);
-  tor_free(vrs);
-  vrs = smartlist_get(vote->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  vrs->status.is_fast = 1;
-  /* generate and parse. */
+
+  /* generate and parse v2. */
   v2_text = format_networkstatus_vote(sign_skey_2, vote);
   test_assert(v2_text);
   v2 = networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(v2_text, NULL, NS_TYPE_VOTE);
   test_assert(v2);
+
+  if (vote_tweaks) params_tweaked += vote_tweaks(v2, 2, now);
+
   /* Check that flags come out right.*/
   cp = smartlist_join_strings(v2->known_flags, ":", 0, NULL);
   test_streq(cp, "Authority:Exit:Fast:Guard:MadeOfCheese:MadeOfTin:"
              "Running:Stable:V2Dir:Valid");
   tor_free(cp);
-  vrs = smartlist_get(v2->routerstatus_list, 1);
-  /* 1023 - authority(1) - madeofcheese(16) - madeoftin(32) */
-  test_eq(vrs->flags, U64_LITERAL(974));
+
+  /* Check the routerstatuses. */
+  n_vrs = smartlist_len(v2->routerstatus_list);
+  for (idx = 0; idx < n_vrs; ++idx) {
+    vrs = smartlist_get(v2->routerstatus_list, idx);
+    test_assert(vrs);
+    vrs_test(vrs, 2, now);
+  }
 
   /* Generate the third vote. */
   vote->published = now;
@@ -1063,13 +1417,6 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   crypto_pk_get_digest(cert3->identity_key, voter->identity_digest);
   /* This one has a legacy id. */
   memset(voter->legacy_id_digest, (int)'A', DIGEST_LEN);
-  vrs = smartlist_get(vote->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  smartlist_del_keeporder(vote->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  tor_free(vrs->version);
-  tor_free(vrs);
-  vrs = smartlist_get(vote->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  memset(vrs->status.descriptor_digest, (int)'Z', DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_assert(router_add_to_routerlist(generate_ri_from_rs(vrs), &msg,0,0)>=0);
 
   v3_text = format_networkstatus_vote(sign_skey_3, vote);
   test_assert(v3_text);
@@ -1077,6 +1424,8 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   v3 = networkstatus_parse_vote_from_string(v3_text, NULL, NS_TYPE_VOTE);
   test_assert(v3);
 
+  if (vote_tweaks) params_tweaked += vote_tweaks(v3, 3, now);
+
   /* Compute a consensus as voter 3. */
   smartlist_add(votes, v3);
   smartlist_add(votes, v1);
@@ -1119,9 +1468,12 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   test_streq(cp, "Authority:Exit:Fast:Guard:MadeOfCheese:MadeOfTin:"
              "Running:Stable:V2Dir:Valid");
   tor_free(cp);
-  cp = smartlist_join_strings(con->net_params, ":", 0, NULL);
-  test_streq(cp, "circuitwindow=80:foo=660");
-  tor_free(cp);
+  if (!params_tweaked) {
+    /* Skip this one if vote_tweaks() messed with the param lists */
+    cp = smartlist_join_strings(con->net_params, ":", 0, NULL);
+    test_streq(cp, "circuitwindow=80:foo=660");
+    tor_free(cp);
+  }
 
   test_eq(4, smartlist_len(con->voters)); /*3 voters, 1 legacy key.*/
   /* The voter id digests should be in this order. */
@@ -1136,49 +1488,15 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
   test_same_voter(smartlist_get(con->voters, 3),
                   smartlist_get(v3->voters, 0));
 
-  test_assert(!con->cert);
-  test_eq(2, smartlist_len(con->routerstatus_list));
-  /* There should be two listed routers: one with identity 3, one with
-   * identity 5. */
-  /* This one showed up in 2 digests. */
-  rs = smartlist_get(con->routerstatus_list, 0);
-  test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
-             "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
-             DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_exit);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_fast);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_possible_guard);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_stable);
-  /* (If it wasn't running it wouldn't be here) */
-  test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_v2_dir);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_valid);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_named);
-  /* XXXX check version */
-
-  rs = smartlist_get(con->routerstatus_list, 1);
-  /* This one showed up in 3 digests. Twice with ID 'M', once with 'Z'.  */
-  test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
-             "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
-             DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
-  test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
-  test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
-  test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
-  test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
-  test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
-  test_assert(rs->is_exit);
-  test_assert(rs->is_fast);
-  test_assert(rs->is_possible_guard);
-  test_assert(rs->is_stable);
-  test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
-  test_assert(rs->is_v2_dir);
-  test_assert(rs->is_valid);
-  test_assert(!rs->is_named);
-  /* XXXX check version */
+  consensus_test(con, now);
+
+  /* Check the routerstatuses. */
+  n_rs = smartlist_len(con->routerstatus_list);
+  for (idx = 0; idx < n_rs; ++idx) {
+    rs = smartlist_get(con->routerstatus_list, idx);
+    test_assert(rs);
+    rs_test(rs, now);
+  }
 
   /* Check signatures.  the first voter is a pseudo-entry with a legacy key.
    * The second one hasn't signed.  The fourth one has signed: validate it. */
@@ -1381,21 +1699,693 @@ test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
     ns_detached_signatures_free(dsig2);
 }
 
+/** Run unit tests for generating and parsing V3 consensus networkstatus
+ * documents. */
+static void
+test_dir_v3_networkstatus(void)
+{
+  test_a_networkstatus(gen_routerstatus_for_v3ns,
+                       vote_tweaks_for_v3ns,
+                       test_vrs_for_v3ns,
+                       test_consensus_for_v3ns,
+                       test_routerstatus_for_v3ns);
+}
+
+static void
+test_dir_scale_bw(void *testdata)
+{
+  double v[8] = { 2.0/3,
+                  7.0,
+                  1.0,
+                  3.0,
+                  1.0/5,
+                  1.0/7,
+                  12.0,
+                  24.0 };
+  u64_dbl_t vals[8];
+  uint64_t total;
+  int i;
+
+  (void) testdata;
+
+  for (i=0; i<8; ++i)
+    vals[i].dbl = v[i];
+
+  scale_array_elements_to_u64(vals, 8, &total);
+
+  tt_int_op((int)total, ==, 48);
+  total = 0;
+  for (i=0; i<8; ++i) {
+    total += vals[i].u64;
+  }
+  tt_assert(total >= (U64_LITERAL(1)<<60));
+  tt_assert(total <= (U64_LITERAL(1)<<62));
+
+  for (i=0; i<8; ++i) {
+    double ratio = ((double)vals[i].u64) / vals[2].u64;
+    tt_double_op(fabs(ratio - v[i]), <, .00001);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_dir_random_weighted(void *testdata)
+{
+  int histogram[10];
+  uint64_t vals[10] = {3,1,2,4,6,0,7,5,8,9}, total=0;
+  u64_dbl_t inp[10];
+  int i, choice;
+  const int n = 50000;
+  double max_sq_error;
+  (void) testdata;
+
+  /* Try a ten-element array with values from 0 through 10. The values are
+   * in a scrambled order to make sure we don't depend on order. */
+  memset(histogram,0,sizeof(histogram));
+  for (i=0; i<10; ++i) {
+    inp[i].u64 = vals[i];
+    total += vals[i];
+  }
+  tt_int_op(total, ==, 45);
+  for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
+    choice = choose_array_element_by_weight(inp, 10);
+    tt_int_op(choice, >=, 0);
+    tt_int_op(choice, <, 10);
+    histogram[choice]++;
+  }
+
+  /* Now see if we chose things about frequently enough. */
+  max_sq_error = 0;
+  for (i=0; i<10; ++i) {
+    int expected = (int)(n*vals[i]/total);
+    double frac_diff = 0, sq;
+    TT_BLATHER(("  %d : %5d vs %5d\n", (int)vals[i], histogram[i], expected));
+    if (expected)
+      frac_diff = (histogram[i] - expected) / ((double)expected);
+    else
+      tt_int_op(histogram[i], ==, 0);
+
+    sq = frac_diff * frac_diff;
+    if (sq > max_sq_error)
+      max_sq_error = sq;
+  }
+  /* It should almost always be much much less than this.  If you want to
+   * figure out the odds, please feel free. */
+  tt_double_op(max_sq_error, <, .05);
+
+  /* Now try a singleton; do we choose it? */
+  for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    choice = choose_array_element_by_weight(inp, 1);
+    tt_int_op(choice, ==, 0);
+  }
+
+  /* Now try an array of zeros.  We should choose randomly. */
+  memset(histogram,0,sizeof(histogram));
+  for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+    inp[i].u64 = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    choice = choose_array_element_by_weight(inp, 5);
+    tt_int_op(choice, >=, 0);
+    tt_int_op(choice, <, 5);
+    histogram[choice]++;
+  }
+  /* Now see if we chose things about frequently enough. */
+  max_sq_error = 0;
+  for (i=0; i<5; ++i) {
+    int expected = n/5;
+    double frac_diff = 0, sq;
+    TT_BLATHER(("  %d : %5d vs %5d\n", (int)vals[i], histogram[i], expected));
+    frac_diff = (histogram[i] - expected) / ((double)expected);
+    sq = frac_diff * frac_diff;
+    if (sq > max_sq_error)
+      max_sq_error = sq;
+  }
+  /* It should almost always be much much less than this.  If you want to
+   * figure out the odds, please feel free. */
+  tt_double_op(max_sq_error, <, .05);
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+/* Function pointers for test_dir_clip_unmeasured_bw_kb() */
+
+static uint32_t alternate_clip_bw = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Generate a routerstatus for clip_unmeasured_bw_kb test; based on the
+ * v3_networkstatus ones.
+ */
+static vote_routerstatus_t *
+gen_routerstatus_for_umbw(int idx, time_t now)
+{
+  vote_routerstatus_t *vrs = NULL;
+  routerstatus_t *rs;
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+  uint32_t max_unmeasured_bw_kb = (alternate_clip_bw > 0) ?
+    alternate_clip_bw : DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
+
+  switch (idx) {
+    case 0:
+      /* Generate the first routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.2.14");
+      rs->published_on = now-1500;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router2", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 3, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 78, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0x99008801;
+      rs->or_port = 443;
+      rs->dir_port = 8000;
+      /* all flags but running cleared */
+      rs->is_flagged_running = 1;
+      /*
+       * This one has measured bandwidth below the clip cutoff, and
+       * so shouldn't be clipped; we'll have to test that it isn't
+       * later.
+       */
+      vrs->has_measured_bw = 1;
+      rs->has_bandwidth = 1;
+      vrs->measured_bw_kb = rs->bandwidth_kb = max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      /* Generate the second routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.2.0.5");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router1", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 5, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 77, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0x99009901;
+      rs->or_port = 443;
+      rs->dir_port = 0;
+      tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+      tor_addr_copy(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6);
+      rs->ipv6_orport = 4711;
+      rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast = rs->is_flagged_running =
+        rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir = rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
+      /*
+       * This one has measured bandwidth above the clip cutoff, and
+       * so shouldn't be clipped; we'll have to test that it isn't
+       * later.
+       */
+      vrs->has_measured_bw = 1;
+      rs->has_bandwidth = 1;
+      vrs->measured_bw_kb = rs->bandwidth_kb = 2 * max_unmeasured_bw_kb;
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      /* Generate the third routerstatus. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.0.3");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router3", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 0x33, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 79, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0xAA009901;
+      rs->or_port = 400;
+      rs->dir_port = 9999;
+      rs->is_authority = rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast =
+        rs->is_flagged_running = rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir =
+        rs->is_possible_guard = 1;
+      /*
+       * This one has unmeasured bandwidth above the clip cutoff, and
+       * so should be clipped; we'll have to test that it isn't
+       * later.
+       */
+      vrs->has_measured_bw = 0;
+      rs->has_bandwidth = 1;
+      vrs->measured_bw_kb = 0;
+      rs->bandwidth_kb = 2 * max_unmeasured_bw_kb;
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      /* Generate a fourth routerstatus that is not running. */
+      vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t));
+      rs = &vrs->status;
+      vrs->version = tor_strdup("0.1.6.3");
+      rs->published_on = now-1000;
+      strlcpy(rs->nickname, "router4", sizeof(rs->nickname));
+      memset(rs->identity_digest, 0x34, DIGEST_LEN);
+      memset(rs->descriptor_digest, 47, DIGEST_LEN);
+      rs->addr = 0xC0000203;
+      rs->or_port = 500;
+      rs->dir_port = 1999;
+      /* all flags but running cleared */
+      rs->is_flagged_running = 1;
+      /*
+       * This one has unmeasured bandwidth below the clip cutoff, and
+       * so shouldn't be clipped; we'll have to test that it isn't
+       * later.
+       */
+      vrs->has_measured_bw = 0;
+      rs->has_bandwidth = 1;
+      vrs->measured_bw_kb = 0;
+      rs->bandwidth_kb = max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2;
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      /* No more for this test; return NULL */
+      vrs = NULL;
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* Shouldn't happen */
+      test_assert(0);
+  }
+  if (vrs) {
+    vrs->microdesc = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_microdesc_hash_t));
+    tor_asprintf(&vrs->microdesc->microdesc_hash_line,
+                 "m 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 "
+                 "sha256=xyzajkldsdsajdadlsdjaslsdksdjlsdjsdaskdaaa%d\n",
+                 idx);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return vrs;
+}
+
+/** Apply tweaks to the vote list for each voter; for the umbw test this is
+ * just adding the right consensus methods to let clipping happen */
+static int
+vote_tweaks_for_umbw(networkstatus_t *v, int voter, time_t now)
+{
+  char *maxbw_param = NULL;
+  int rv = 0;
+
+  test_assert(v);
+  (void)voter;
+  (void)now;
+
+  test_assert(v->supported_methods);
+  smartlist_clear(v->supported_methods);
+  /* Method 17 is MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW_KB */
+  smartlist_split_string(v->supported_methods,
+                         "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17",
+                         NULL, 0, -1);
+  /* If we're using a non-default clip bandwidth, add it to net_params */
+  if (alternate_clip_bw > 0) {
+    tor_asprintf(&maxbw_param, "maxunmeasuredbw=%u", alternate_clip_bw);
+    test_assert(maxbw_param);
+    if (maxbw_param) {
+      smartlist_add(v->net_params, maxbw_param);
+      rv = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a parsed vote_routerstatus_t for umbw test.
+ */
+static void
+test_vrs_for_umbw(vote_routerstatus_t *vrs, int voter, time_t now)
+{
+  routerstatus_t *rs;
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+  uint32_t max_unmeasured_bw_kb = (alternate_clip_bw > 0) ?
+    alternate_clip_bw : DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
+
+  (void)voter;
+  test_assert(vrs);
+  rs = &(vrs->status);
+  test_assert(rs);
+
+  /* Split out by digests to test */
+  if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /*
+     * Check the first routerstatus - measured bandwidth below the clip
+     * cutoff.
+     */
+    test_streq(vrs->version, "0.1.2.14");
+    test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1500);
+    test_streq(rs->nickname, "router2");
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99008801);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 8000);
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_assert(vrs->has_measured_bw);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2);
+    test_eq(vrs->measured_bw_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2);
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+                       DIGEST_LEN)) {
+
+    /*
+     * Check the second routerstatus - measured bandwidth above the clip
+     * cutoff.
+     */
+    test_streq(vrs->version, "0.2.0.5");
+    test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
+    test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
+    tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+    test_assert(tor_addr_eq(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6));
+    test_eq(rs->ipv6_orport, 4711);
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_assert(vrs->has_measured_bw);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb * 2);
+    test_eq(vrs->measured_bw_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb * 2);
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33"
+                       "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33",
+                       DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /*
+     * Check the third routerstatus - unmeasured bandwidth above the clip
+     * cutoff; this one should be clipped later on in the consensus, but
+     * appears unclipped in the vote.
+     */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_assert(!(vrs->has_measured_bw));
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb * 2);
+    test_eq(vrs->measured_bw_kb, 0);
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34"
+                       "\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34",
+                       DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /*
+     * Check the fourth routerstatus - unmeasured bandwidth below the clip
+     * cutoff; this one should not be clipped.
+     */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_assert(!(vrs->has_measured_bw));
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2);
+    test_eq(vrs->measured_bw_kb, 0);
+  } else {
+    test_assert(0);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a consensus for v3_networkstatus_test
+ */
+static void
+test_consensus_for_umbw(networkstatus_t *con, time_t now)
+{
+  (void)now;
+
+  test_assert(con);
+  test_assert(!con->cert);
+  // test_assert(con->consensus_method >= MIN_METHOD_TO_CLIP_UNMEASURED_BW_KB);
+  test_assert(con->consensus_method >= 16);
+  test_eq(4, smartlist_len(con->routerstatus_list));
+  /* There should be four listed routers; all voters saw the same in this */
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test a router list entry for umbw test
+ */
+static void
+test_routerstatus_for_umbw(routerstatus_t *rs, time_t now)
+{
+  tor_addr_t addr_ipv6;
+  uint32_t max_unmeasured_bw_kb = (alternate_clip_bw > 0) ?
+    alternate_clip_bw : DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
+
+  test_assert(rs);
+
+  /* There should be four listed routers, as constructed above */
+  if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+                "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3"
+               "\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3\x3",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_exit);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_fast);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_possible_guard);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_stable);
+    /* (If it wasn't running it wouldn't be here) */
+    test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_v2_dir);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_valid);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_named);
+    /* This one should have measured bandwidth below the clip cutoff */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2);
+    test_assert(!(rs->bw_is_unmeasured));
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+                       "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+                       DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /* This one showed up in 3 digests. Twice with ID 'M', once with 'Z'.  */
+    test_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5"
+               "\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5\x5",
+               DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_streq(rs->nickname, "router1");
+    test_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest, "MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM", DIGEST_LEN);
+    test_eq(rs->published_on, now-1000);
+    test_eq(rs->addr, 0x99009901);
+    test_eq(rs->or_port, 443);
+    test_eq(rs->dir_port, 0);
+    tor_addr_parse(&addr_ipv6, "[1:2:3::4]");
+    test_assert(tor_addr_eq(&rs->ipv6_addr, &addr_ipv6));
+    test_eq(rs->ipv6_orport, 4711);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_authority);
+    test_assert(rs->is_exit);
+    test_assert(rs->is_fast);
+    test_assert(rs->is_possible_guard);
+    test_assert(rs->is_stable);
+    test_assert(rs->is_flagged_running);
+    test_assert(rs->is_v2_dir);
+    test_assert(rs->is_valid);
+    test_assert(!rs->is_named);
+    /* This one should have measured bandwidth above the clip cutoff */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb * 2);
+    test_assert(!(rs->bw_is_unmeasured));
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33"
+                "\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33\x33",
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /*
+     * This one should have unmeasured bandwidth above the clip cutoff,
+     * and so should be clipped
+     */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb);
+    test_assert(rs->bw_is_unmeasured);
+  } else if (tor_memeq(rs->identity_digest,
+                "\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34"
+                "\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34\x34",
+                DIGEST_LEN)) {
+    /*
+     * This one should have unmeasured bandwidth below the clip cutoff,
+     * and so should not be clipped
+     */
+    test_assert(rs->has_bandwidth);
+    test_eq(rs->bandwidth_kb, max_unmeasured_bw_kb / 2);
+    test_assert(rs->bw_is_unmeasured);
+  } else {
+    /* Weren't expecting this... */
+    test_assert(0);
+  }
+
+ done:
+  return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute a consensus involving clipping unmeasured bandwidth with consensus
+ * method 17; this uses the same test_a_networkstatus() function that the
+ * v3_networkstatus test uses.
+ */
+
+static void
+test_dir_clip_unmeasured_bw_kb(void)
+{
+  /* Run the test with the default clip bandwidth */
+  alternate_clip_bw = 0;
+  test_a_networkstatus(gen_routerstatus_for_umbw,
+                       vote_tweaks_for_umbw,
+                       test_vrs_for_umbw,
+                       test_consensus_for_umbw,
+                       test_routerstatus_for_umbw);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This version of test_dir_clip_unmeasured_bw_kb() uses a non-default choice
+ * of clip bandwidth.
+ */
+
+static void
+test_dir_clip_unmeasured_bw_kb_alt(void)
+{
+  /*
+   * Try a different one; this value is chosen so that the below-the-cutoff
+   * unmeasured nodes the test uses, at alternate_clip_bw / 2, will be above
+   * DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB and if the consensus incorrectly uses that
+   * cutoff it will fail the test.
+   */
+  alternate_clip_bw = 3 * DEFAULT_MAX_UNMEASURED_BW_KB;
+  test_a_networkstatus(gen_routerstatus_for_umbw,
+                       vote_tweaks_for_umbw,
+                       test_vrs_for_umbw,
+                       test_consensus_for_umbw,
+                       test_routerstatus_for_umbw);
+}
+
+extern time_t time_of_process_start; /* from main.c */
+
+static void
+test_dir_v2_dir(void *arg)
+{
+  /* Runs in a forked process: acts like a v2 directory just enough to make and
+   * sign a v2 networkstatus opinion */
+
+  cached_dir_t *v2 = NULL;
+  or_options_t *options = get_options_mutable();
+  crypto_pk_t *id_key = pk_generate(4);
+  (void) arg;
+
+  options->ORPort_set = 1; /* So we believe we're a server. */
+  options->DirPort_set = 1;
+  options->Address = tor_strdup("99.99.99.99");
+  options->Nickname = tor_strdup("TestV2Auth");
+  options->ContactInfo = tor_strdup("TestV2Auth <testv2auth@example.com>");
+  {
+    /* Give it a DirPort */
+    smartlist_t *ports = (smartlist_t *)get_configured_ports();
+    port_cfg_t *port = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(port_cfg_t));
+    port->type = CONN_TYPE_DIR_LISTENER;
+    port->port = 9999;
+    smartlist_add(ports, port);
+  }
+  set_server_identity_key(id_key);
+  set_client_identity_key(id_key);
+
+  /* Add a router. */
+  {
+    was_router_added_t wra;
+    const char *msg = NULL;
+    routerinfo_t *r1 = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerinfo_t));
+    r1->address = tor_strdup("18.244.0.1");
+    r1->addr = 0xc0a80001u; /* 192.168.0.1 */
+    r1->cache_info.published_on = time(NULL)-60;
+    r1->or_port = 9000;
+    r1->dir_port = 9003;
+    tor_addr_parse(&r1->ipv6_addr, "1:2:3:4::");
+    r1->ipv6_orport = 9999;
+    r1->onion_pkey = pk_generate(1);
+    r1->identity_pkey = pk_generate(2);
+    r1->bandwidthrate = 1000;
+    r1->bandwidthburst = 5000;
+    r1->bandwidthcapacity = 10000;
+    r1->exit_policy = NULL;
+    r1->nickname = tor_strdup("Magri");
+    r1->platform = tor_strdup("Tor 0.2.7.7-gamma");
+    r1->cache_info.routerlist_index = -1;
+    r1->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body =
+      router_dump_router_to_string(r1, r1->identity_pkey);
+    r1->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len =
+      strlen(r1->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body);
+    wra = router_add_to_routerlist(r1, &msg, 0, 0);
+    tt_int_op(wra, ==, ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY);
+  }
+
+  /* Prevent call of rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(). */
+  time_of_process_start = time(NULL);
+
+  /* Make a directory so there's somewhere to store the thing */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  mkdir(get_fname("cached-status"));
+#else
+  mkdir(get_fname("cached-status"), 0700);
+#endif
+
+  v2 = generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion();
+  tt_assert(v2);
+
+ done:
+  crypto_pk_free(id_key);
+  cached_dir_decref(v2);
+}
+
+static void
+test_dir_fmt_control_ns(void *arg)
+{
+  char *s = NULL;
+  routerstatus_t rs;
+  (void)arg;
+
+  memset(&rs, 0, sizeof(rs));
+  rs.published_on = 1364925198;
+  strlcpy(rs.nickname, "TetsuoMilk", sizeof(rs.nickname));
+  memcpy(rs.identity_digest, "Stately, plump Buck ", DIGEST_LEN);
+  memcpy(rs.descriptor_digest, "Mulligan came up fro", DIGEST_LEN);
+  rs.addr = 0x20304050;
+  rs.or_port = 9001;
+  rs.dir_port = 9002;
+  rs.is_exit = 1;
+  rs.is_fast = 1;
+  rs.is_flagged_running = 1;
+  rs.has_bandwidth = 1;
+  rs.bandwidth_kb = 1000;
+
+  s = networkstatus_getinfo_helper_single(&rs);
+  tt_assert(s);
+  tt_str_op(s, ==,
+            "r TetsuoMilk U3RhdGVseSwgcGx1bXAgQnVjayA "
+               "TXVsbGlnYW4gY2FtZSB1cCBmcm8 2013-04-02 17:53:18 "
+               "32.48.64.80 9001 9002\n"
+            "s Exit Fast Running\n"
+            "w Bandwidth=1000\n");
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(s);
+}
+
 #define DIR_LEGACY(name)                                                   \
   { #name, legacy_test_helper, TT_FORK, &legacy_setup, test_dir_ ## name }
 
-#define DIR(name)                               \
-  { #name, test_dir_##name, 0, NULL, NULL }
+#define DIR(name,flags)                              \
+  { #name, test_dir_##name, (flags), NULL, NULL }
 
 struct testcase_t dir_tests[] = {
   DIR_LEGACY(nicknames),
   DIR_LEGACY(formats),
   DIR_LEGACY(versions),
   DIR_LEGACY(fp_pairs),
-  DIR(split_fps),
-  DIR_LEGACY(measured_bw),
+  DIR(split_fps, 0),
+  DIR_LEGACY(measured_bw_kb),
+  DIR_LEGACY(measured_bw_kb_cache),
   DIR_LEGACY(param_voting),
   DIR_LEGACY(v3_networkstatus),
+  DIR(random_weighted, 0),
+  DIR(scale_bw, 0),
+  DIR_LEGACY(clip_unmeasured_bw_kb),
+  DIR_LEGACY(clip_unmeasured_bw_kb_alt),
+  DIR(v2_dir, TT_FORK),
+  DIR(fmt_control_ns, 0),
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
 
diff --git a/src/test/test_introduce.c b/src/test/test_introduce.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69c1152229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/test_introduce.c
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+#include "crypto.h"
+#include "or.h"
+#include "test.h"
+
+#define RENDSERVICE_PRIVATE
+#include "rendservice.h"
+
+extern const char AUTHORITY_SIGNKEY_1[];
+
+static uint8_t v0_test_plaintext[] =
+    /* 20 bytes of rendezvous point nickname */
+  { 0x4e, 0x69, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous cookie */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 128 bytes dummy DH handshake data */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00 };
+
+static uint8_t v1_test_plaintext[] =
+    /* Version byte */
+  { 0x01,
+    /* 42 bytes of dummy rendezvous point hex digest */
+    0x24, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31, 0x30, 0x32, 0x30,
+    0x33, 0x30, 0x34, 0x30, 0x35, 0x30, 0x36, 0x30,
+    0x37, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x39, 0x30, 0x41, 0x30,
+    0x42, 0x30, 0x43, 0x30, 0x44, 0x30, 0x45, 0x30,
+    0x46, 0x31, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x31,
+    0x33, 0x00,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous cookie */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 128 bytes dummy DH handshake data */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00 };
+
+static uint8_t v2_test_plaintext[] =
+    /* Version byte */
+  { 0x02,
+    /* 4 bytes rendezvous point's IP address */
+    0xc0, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 2 bytes rendezvous point's OR port */
+    0x23, 0x5a,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous point's identity digest */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 2 bytes length of onion key */
+    0x00, 0x8c,
+    /* Onion key (140 bytes taken from live test) */
+    0x30, 0x81, 0x89, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xb1,
+    0xcd, 0x46, 0xa9, 0x18, 0xd2, 0x0f, 0x01, 0xf8,
+    0xb2, 0xad, 0xa4, 0x79, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x4b, 0xf4,
+    0x54, 0x1e, 0x3f, 0x03, 0x54, 0xcf, 0x7c, 0xb6,
+    0xb5, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xed, 0x4b, 0x7d, 0xd7, 0x61,
+    0xdb, 0x6d, 0xd9, 0x19, 0xe2, 0x72, 0x04, 0xaa,
+    0x3e, 0x89, 0x26, 0x14, 0x62, 0x9a, 0x6c, 0x11,
+    0x0b, 0x35, 0x99, 0x2c, 0x9f, 0x2c, 0x64, 0xa1,
+    0xd9, 0xe2, 0x88, 0xce, 0xf6, 0x54, 0xfe, 0x1d,
+    0x37, 0x5e, 0x6d, 0x73, 0x95, 0x54, 0x90, 0xf0,
+    0x7b, 0xfa, 0xd4, 0x44, 0xac, 0xb2, 0x23, 0x9f,
+    0x75, 0x36, 0xe2, 0x78, 0x62, 0x82, 0x80, 0xa4,
+    0x23, 0x22, 0xc9, 0xbf, 0xc4, 0x36, 0xd1, 0x31,
+    0x33, 0x8e, 0x64, 0xb4, 0xa9, 0x74, 0xa1, 0xcb,
+    0x42, 0x8d, 0x60, 0xc7, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0x6e, 0x0f,
+    0x36, 0x74, 0x8e, 0xf4, 0x08, 0x99, 0x06, 0x92,
+    0xb1, 0x3f, 0xb3, 0xdd, 0xed, 0xf7, 0xc9, 0x02,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous cookie */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 128 bytes dummy DH handshake data */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00 };
+
+static uint8_t v3_no_auth_test_plaintext[] =
+    /* Version byte */
+  { 0x03,
+    /* Auth type (0 for no auth len/auth data) */
+    0x00,
+    /* Timestamp */
+    0x50, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0xaa,
+    /* 4 bytes rendezvous point's IP address */
+    0xc0, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 2 bytes rendezvous point's OR port */
+    0x23, 0x5a,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous point's identity digest */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 2 bytes length of onion key */
+    0x00, 0x8c,
+    /* Onion key (140 bytes taken from live test) */
+    0x30, 0x81, 0x89, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xb1,
+    0xcd, 0x46, 0xa9, 0x18, 0xd2, 0x0f, 0x01, 0xf8,
+    0xb2, 0xad, 0xa4, 0x79, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x4b, 0xf4,
+    0x54, 0x1e, 0x3f, 0x03, 0x54, 0xcf, 0x7c, 0xb6,
+    0xb5, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xed, 0x4b, 0x7d, 0xd7, 0x61,
+    0xdb, 0x6d, 0xd9, 0x19, 0xe2, 0x72, 0x04, 0xaa,
+    0x3e, 0x89, 0x26, 0x14, 0x62, 0x9a, 0x6c, 0x11,
+    0x0b, 0x35, 0x99, 0x2c, 0x9f, 0x2c, 0x64, 0xa1,
+    0xd9, 0xe2, 0x88, 0xce, 0xf6, 0x54, 0xfe, 0x1d,
+    0x37, 0x5e, 0x6d, 0x73, 0x95, 0x54, 0x90, 0xf0,
+    0x7b, 0xfa, 0xd4, 0x44, 0xac, 0xb2, 0x23, 0x9f,
+    0x75, 0x36, 0xe2, 0x78, 0x62, 0x82, 0x80, 0xa4,
+    0x23, 0x22, 0xc9, 0xbf, 0xc4, 0x36, 0xd1, 0x31,
+    0x33, 0x8e, 0x64, 0xb4, 0xa9, 0x74, 0xa1, 0xcb,
+    0x42, 0x8d, 0x60, 0xc7, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0x6e, 0x0f,
+    0x36, 0x74, 0x8e, 0xf4, 0x08, 0x99, 0x06, 0x92,
+    0xb1, 0x3f, 0xb3, 0xdd, 0xed, 0xf7, 0xc9, 0x02,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous cookie */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 128 bytes dummy DH handshake data */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00 };
+
+static uint8_t v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext[] =
+    /* Version byte */
+  { 0x03,
+    /* Auth type (1 for REND_BASIC_AUTH) */
+    0x01,
+    /* Auth len (must be 16 bytes for REND_BASIC_AUTH) */
+    0x00, 0x10,
+    /* Auth data (a 16-byte dummy descriptor cookie) */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    /* Timestamp */
+    0x50, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0xaa,
+    /* 4 bytes rendezvous point's IP address */
+    0xc0, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 2 bytes rendezvous point's OR port */
+    0x23, 0x5a,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous point's identity digest */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 2 bytes length of onion key */
+    0x00, 0x8c,
+    /* Onion key (140 bytes taken from live test) */
+    0x30, 0x81, 0x89, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xb1,
+    0xcd, 0x46, 0xa9, 0x18, 0xd2, 0x0f, 0x01, 0xf8,
+    0xb2, 0xad, 0xa4, 0x79, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x4b, 0xf4,
+    0x54, 0x1e, 0x3f, 0x03, 0x54, 0xcf, 0x7c, 0xb6,
+    0xb5, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0xed, 0x4b, 0x7d, 0xd7, 0x61,
+    0xdb, 0x6d, 0xd9, 0x19, 0xe2, 0x72, 0x04, 0xaa,
+    0x3e, 0x89, 0x26, 0x14, 0x62, 0x9a, 0x6c, 0x11,
+    0x0b, 0x35, 0x99, 0x2c, 0x9f, 0x2c, 0x64, 0xa1,
+    0xd9, 0xe2, 0x88, 0xce, 0xf6, 0x54, 0xfe, 0x1d,
+    0x37, 0x5e, 0x6d, 0x73, 0x95, 0x54, 0x90, 0xf0,
+    0x7b, 0xfa, 0xd4, 0x44, 0xac, 0xb2, 0x23, 0x9f,
+    0x75, 0x36, 0xe2, 0x78, 0x62, 0x82, 0x80, 0xa4,
+    0x23, 0x22, 0xc9, 0xbf, 0xc4, 0x36, 0xd1, 0x31,
+    0x33, 0x8e, 0x64, 0xb4, 0xa9, 0x74, 0xa1, 0xcb,
+    0x42, 0x8d, 0x60, 0xc7, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0x6e, 0x0f,
+    0x36, 0x74, 0x8e, 0xf4, 0x08, 0x99, 0x06, 0x92,
+    0xb1, 0x3f, 0xb3, 0xdd, 0xed, 0xf7, 0xc9, 0x02,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+    /* 20 bytes dummy rendezvous cookie */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
+    /* 128 bytes dummy DH handshake data */
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00 };
+
+static void do_decrypt_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len);
+static void do_early_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len);
+static void do_late_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len);
+static void do_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len, int phase);
+static ssize_t make_intro_from_plaintext(
+    void *buf, size_t len, crypto_pk_t *key, void **cell_out);
+
+#define EARLY_PARSE_ONLY 1
+#define DECRYPT_ONLY 2
+#define ALL_PARSING 3
+
+static void
+do_early_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len)
+{
+  do_parse_test(plaintext, plaintext_len, EARLY_PARSE_ONLY);
+}
+
+static void
+do_decrypt_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len)
+{
+  do_parse_test(plaintext, plaintext_len, DECRYPT_ONLY);
+}
+
+static void
+do_late_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len)
+{
+  do_parse_test(plaintext, plaintext_len, ALL_PARSING);
+}
+
+/** Test utility function: checks that the <b>plaintext_len</b>-byte string at
+ * <b>plaintext</b> is at least superficially parseable.
+ */
+static void
+do_parse_test(uint8_t *plaintext, size_t plaintext_len, int phase)
+{
+  crypto_pk_t *k = NULL;
+  ssize_t r;
+  uint8_t *cell = NULL;
+  size_t cell_len;
+  rend_intro_cell_t *parsed_req = NULL;
+  char *err_msg = NULL;
+  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
+
+  /* Get a key */
+  k = crypto_pk_new();
+  test_assert(k);
+  r = crypto_pk_read_private_key_from_string(k, AUTHORITY_SIGNKEY_1, -1);
+  test_assert(!r);
+
+  /* Get digest for future comparison */
+  r = crypto_pk_get_digest(k, digest);
+  test_assert(r >= 0);
+
+  /* Make a cell out of it */
+  r = make_intro_from_plaintext(
+      plaintext, plaintext_len,
+      k, (void **)(&cell));
+  test_assert(r > 0);
+  test_assert(cell);
+  cell_len = r;
+
+  /* Do early parsing */
+  parsed_req = rend_service_begin_parse_intro(cell, cell_len, 2, &err_msg);
+  test_assert(parsed_req);
+  test_assert(!err_msg);
+  test_memeq(parsed_req->pk, digest, DIGEST_LEN);
+  test_assert(parsed_req->ciphertext);
+  test_assert(parsed_req->ciphertext_len > 0);
+
+  if (phase == EARLY_PARSE_ONLY)
+    goto done;
+
+  /* Do decryption */
+  r = rend_service_decrypt_intro(parsed_req, k, &err_msg);
+  test_assert(!r);
+  test_assert(!err_msg);
+  test_assert(parsed_req->plaintext);
+  test_assert(parsed_req->plaintext_len > 0);
+
+  if (phase == DECRYPT_ONLY)
+    goto done;
+
+  /* Do late parsing */
+  r = rend_service_parse_intro_plaintext(parsed_req, &err_msg);
+  test_assert(!r);
+  test_assert(!err_msg);
+  test_assert(parsed_req->parsed);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(cell);
+  crypto_pk_free(k);
+  rend_service_free_intro(parsed_req);
+  tor_free(err_msg);
+}
+
+/** Given the plaintext of the encrypted part of an INTRODUCE1/2 and a key,
+ * construct the encrypted cell for testing.
+ */
+
+static ssize_t
+make_intro_from_plaintext(
+    void *buf, size_t len, crypto_pk_t *key, void **cell_out)
+{
+  char *cell = NULL;
+  ssize_t cell_len = -1, r;
+  /* Assemble key digest and ciphertext, then construct the cell */
+  ssize_t ciphertext_size;
+
+  if (!(buf && key && len > 0 && cell_out)) goto done;
+
+  /*
+   * Figure out an upper bound on how big the ciphertext will be
+   * (see crypto_pk_public_hybrid_encrypt())
+   */
+  ciphertext_size = PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING_OVERHEAD;
+  ciphertext_size += crypto_pk_keysize(key);
+  ciphertext_size += CIPHER_KEY_LEN;
+  ciphertext_size += len;
+
+  /*
+   * Allocate space for the cell
+   */
+  cell = tor_malloc(DIGEST_LEN + ciphertext_size);
+
+  /* Compute key digest (will be first DIGEST_LEN octets of cell) */
+  r = crypto_pk_get_digest(key, cell);
+  test_assert(r >= 0);
+
+  /* Do encryption */
+  r = crypto_pk_public_hybrid_encrypt(
+      key, cell + DIGEST_LEN, ciphertext_size,
+      buf, len,
+      PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 0);
+  test_assert(r >= 0);
+
+  /* Figure out cell length */
+  cell_len = DIGEST_LEN + r;
+
+  /* Output the cell */
+  *cell_out = cell;
+
+ done:
+  return cell_len;
+}
+
+/** Test v0 INTRODUCE2 parsing through decryption only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_decrypt_v0(void)
+{
+  do_decrypt_test(v0_test_plaintext, sizeof(v0_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v1 INTRODUCE2 parsing through decryption only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_decrypt_v1(void)
+{
+  do_decrypt_test(v1_test_plaintext, sizeof(v1_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v2 INTRODUCE2 parsing through decryption only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_decrypt_v2(void)
+{
+  do_decrypt_test(v2_test_plaintext, sizeof(v2_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v3 INTRODUCE2 parsing through decryption only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_decrypt_v3(void)
+{
+  do_decrypt_test(
+      v3_no_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_no_auth_test_plaintext));
+  do_decrypt_test(
+      v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v0 INTRODUCE2 parsing through early parsing only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_early_parse_v0(void)
+{
+  do_early_parse_test(v0_test_plaintext, sizeof(v0_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v1 INTRODUCE2 parsing through early parsing only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_early_parse_v1(void)
+{
+  do_early_parse_test(v1_test_plaintext, sizeof(v1_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v2 INTRODUCE2 parsing through early parsing only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_early_parse_v2(void)
+{
+  do_early_parse_test(v2_test_plaintext, sizeof(v2_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v3 INTRODUCE2 parsing through early parsing only
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_early_parse_v3(void)
+{
+  do_early_parse_test(
+      v3_no_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_no_auth_test_plaintext));
+  do_early_parse_test(
+      v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v0 INTRODUCE2 parsing
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_late_parse_v0(void)
+{
+  do_late_parse_test(v0_test_plaintext, sizeof(v0_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v1 INTRODUCE2 parsing
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_late_parse_v1(void)
+{
+  do_late_parse_test(v1_test_plaintext, sizeof(v1_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v2 INTRODUCE2 parsing
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_late_parse_v2(void)
+{
+  do_late_parse_test(v2_test_plaintext, sizeof(v2_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+/** Test v3 INTRODUCE2 parsing
+ */
+
+static void
+test_introduce_late_parse_v3(void)
+{
+  do_late_parse_test(
+      v3_no_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_no_auth_test_plaintext));
+  do_late_parse_test(
+      v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext, sizeof(v3_basic_auth_test_plaintext));
+}
+
+#define INTRODUCE_LEGACY(name) \
+  { #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup, test_introduce_ ## name }
+
+struct testcase_t introduce_tests[] = {
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(early_parse_v0),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(early_parse_v1),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(early_parse_v2),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(early_parse_v3),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(decrypt_v0),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(decrypt_v1),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(decrypt_v2),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(decrypt_v3),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(late_parse_v0),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(late_parse_v1),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(late_parse_v2),
+  INTRODUCE_LEGACY(late_parse_v3),
+  END_OF_TESTCASES
+};
+
diff --git a/src/test/test_microdesc.c b/src/test/test_microdesc.c
index 89c578f4a7..53a03a48ad 100644
--- a/src/test/test_microdesc.c
+++ b/src/test/test_microdesc.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
@@ -208,11 +208,25 @@ test_md_cache(void *data)
   md3 = NULL; /* it's history now! */
 
   /* rebuild again, make sure it stays gone. */
-  microdesc_cache_rebuild(mc, 1);
+  tt_int_op(microdesc_cache_rebuild(mc, 1), ==, 0);
   tt_ptr_op(md1, ==, microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(mc, d1));
   tt_ptr_op(md2, ==, microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(mc, d2));
   tt_ptr_op(NULL, ==, microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(mc, d3));
 
+  /* Re-add md3, and make sure we can rebuild the cache. */
+  added = microdescs_add_to_cache(mc, test_md3_noannotation, NULL,
+                                  SAVED_NOWHERE, 0, time3, NULL);
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, smartlist_len(added));
+  md3 = smartlist_get(added, 0);
+  smartlist_free(added);
+  added = NULL;
+  tt_int_op(md1->saved_location, ==, SAVED_IN_CACHE);
+  tt_int_op(md2->saved_location, ==, SAVED_IN_CACHE);
+  tt_int_op(md3->saved_location, ==, SAVED_IN_JOURNAL);
+
+  tt_int_op(microdesc_cache_rebuild(mc, 1), ==, 0);
+  tt_int_op(md3->saved_location, ==, SAVED_IN_CACHE);
+
  done:
   if (options)
     tor_free(options->DataDirectory);
@@ -226,8 +240,53 @@ test_md_cache(void *data)
   tor_free(fn);
 }
 
+static const char truncated_md[] =
+  "@last-listed 2013-08-08 19:02:59\n"
+  "onion-key\n"
+  "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\n"
+  "MIGJAoGBAM91vLFNaM+gGhnRIdz2Cm/Kl7Xz0cOobIdVzhS3cKUJfk867hCuTipS\n"
+  "NveLBzNopvgXKruAAzEj3cACxk6Q8lv5UWOGCD1UolkgsWSE62RBjap44g+oc9J1\n"
+  "RI9968xOTZw0VaBQg9giEILNXl0djoikQ+5tQRUvLDDa67gpa5Q1AgMBAAE=\n"
+  "-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\n"
+  "family @\n";
+
+static void
+test_md_cache_broken(void *data)
+{
+  or_options_t *options;
+  char *fn=NULL;
+  microdesc_cache_t *mc = NULL;
+
+  (void)data;
+
+  options = get_options_mutable();
+  tt_assert(options);
+  options->DataDirectory = tor_strdup(get_fname("md_datadir_test2"));
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, mkdir(options->DataDirectory));
+#else
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, mkdir(options->DataDirectory, 0700));
+#endif
+
+  tor_asprintf(&fn, "%s"PATH_SEPARATOR"cached-microdescs",
+               options->DataDirectory);
+
+  write_str_to_file(fn, truncated_md, 1);
+
+  mc = get_microdesc_cache();
+  tt_assert(mc);
+
+ done:
+  if (options)
+    tor_free(options->DataDirectory);
+  tor_free(fn);
+  microdesc_free_all();
+}
+
 struct testcase_t microdesc_tests[] = {
   { "cache", test_md_cache, TT_FORK, NULL, NULL },
+  { "broken_cache", test_md_cache_broken, TT_FORK, NULL, NULL },
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
 
diff --git a/src/test/test_ntor_cl.c b/src/test/test_ntor_cl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2b7a72ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/test_ntor_cl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define ONION_NTOR_PRIVATE
+#include "or.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "crypto.h"
+#include "crypto_curve25519.h"
+#include "onion_ntor.h"
+
+#ifndef CURVE25519_ENABLED
+#error "This isn't going to work without curve25519."
+#endif
+
+#define N_ARGS(n) STMT_BEGIN {                                  \
+    if (argc < (n)) {                                           \
+      fprintf(stderr, "%s needs %d arguments.\n",argv[1],n);    \
+      return 1;                                                 \
+    }                                                           \
+  } STMT_END
+#define BASE16(idx, var, n) STMT_BEGIN {                                \
+    const char *s = argv[(idx)];                                        \
+    if (base16_decode((char*)var, n, s, strlen(s)) < 0 ) {              \
+      fprintf(stderr, "couldn't decode argument %d (%s)\n",idx,s);      \
+      return 1;                                                         \
+    }                                                                   \
+  } STMT_END
+#define INT(idx, var) STMT_BEGIN {                                      \
+    var = atoi(argv[(idx)]);                                            \
+    if (var <= 0) {                                                     \
+      fprintf(stderr, "bad integer argument %d (%s)\n",idx,argv[(idx)]); \
+    }                                                                   \
+  } STMT_END
+
+static int
+client1(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  /* client1 nodeID B -> msg state */
+  curve25519_public_key_t B;
+  uint8_t node_id[DIGEST_LEN];
+  ntor_handshake_state_t *state = NULL;
+  uint8_t msg[NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN];
+
+  char buf[1024];
+
+  N_ARGS(4);
+  BASE16(2, node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  BASE16(3, B.public_key, CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN);
+
+  if (onion_skin_ntor_create(node_id, &B, &state, msg)<0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "handshake failed");
+    return 2;
+  }
+
+  base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), (const char*)msg, sizeof(msg));
+  printf("%s\n", buf);
+  base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), (void*)state, sizeof(*state));
+  printf("%s\n", buf);
+
+  ntor_handshake_state_free(state);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+server1(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  uint8_t msg_in[NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN];
+  curve25519_keypair_t kp;
+  di_digest256_map_t *keymap=NULL;
+  uint8_t node_id[DIGEST_LEN];
+  int keybytes;
+
+  uint8_t msg_out[NTOR_REPLY_LEN];
+  uint8_t *keys = NULL;
+  char *hexkeys = NULL;
+  int result = 0;
+
+  char buf[256];
+
+  /* server1: b nodeID msg N -> msg keys */
+  N_ARGS(6);
+  BASE16(2, kp.seckey.secret_key, CURVE25519_SECKEY_LEN);
+  BASE16(3, node_id, DIGEST_LEN);
+  BASE16(4, msg_in, NTOR_ONIONSKIN_LEN);
+  INT(5, keybytes);
+
+  curve25519_public_key_generate(&kp.pubkey, &kp.seckey);
+  dimap_add_entry(&keymap, kp.pubkey.public_key, &kp);
+
+  keys = tor_malloc(keybytes);
+  hexkeys = tor_malloc(keybytes*2+1);
+  if (onion_skin_ntor_server_handshake(
+                                msg_in, keymap, NULL, node_id, msg_out, keys,
+                                (size_t)keybytes)<0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "handshake failed");
+    result = 2;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  base16_encode(buf, sizeof(buf), (const char*)msg_out, sizeof(msg_out));
+  printf("%s\n", buf);
+  base16_encode(hexkeys, keybytes*2+1, (const char*)keys, keybytes);
+  printf("%s\n", hexkeys);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(keys);
+  tor_free(hexkeys);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static int
+client2(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  struct ntor_handshake_state_t state;
+  uint8_t msg[NTOR_REPLY_LEN];
+  int keybytes;
+  uint8_t *keys;
+  char *hexkeys;
+  int result = 0;
+
+  N_ARGS(5);
+  BASE16(2, (&state), sizeof(state));
+  BASE16(3, msg, sizeof(msg));
+  INT(4, keybytes);
+
+  keys = tor_malloc(keybytes);
+  hexkeys = tor_malloc(keybytes*2+1);
+  if (onion_skin_ntor_client_handshake(&state, msg, keys, keybytes)<0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "handshake failed");
+    result = 2;
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  base16_encode(hexkeys, keybytes*2+1, (const char*)keys, keybytes);
+  printf("%s\n", hexkeys);
+
+ done:
+  tor_free(keys);
+  tor_free(hexkeys);
+  return result;
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  /*
+    client1: nodeID B -> msg state
+    server1: b nodeID msg N -> msg keys
+    client2: state msg N -> keys
+  */
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "I need arguments. Read source for more info.\n");
+    return 1;
+  } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "client1")) {
+    return client1(argc, argv);
+  } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "server1")) {
+    return server1(argc, argv);
+  } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "client2")) {
+    return client2(argc, argv);
+  } else {
+    fprintf(stderr, "What's a %s?\n", argv[1]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/test/test_pt.c b/src/test/test_pt.c
index d3dadb9bfa..80707f4379 100644
--- a/src/test/test_pt.c
+++ b/src/test/test_pt.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
diff --git a/src/test/test_replay.c b/src/test/test_replay.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de841ad594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/test_replay.c
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2012-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
+
+#define REPLAYCACHE_PRIVATE
+
+#include "orconfig.h"
+#include "or.h"
+#include "replaycache.h"
+#include "test.h"
+
+static const char *test_buffer =
+  "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed do eiusmod"
+  " tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim"
+  " veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea"
+  " commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate"
+  " velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint"
+  " occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt"
+  " mollit anim id est laborum.";
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_alloc(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(600, 300);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_miss(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+  int result;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(600, 300);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1200, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_hit(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+  int result;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(600, 300);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1200, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1300, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 1);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_age(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+  int result;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(600, 300);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1200, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1300, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 1);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(3000, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_elapsed(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+  int result;
+  time_t elapsed;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(600, 300);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1200, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1300, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), &elapsed);
+  test_eq(result, 1);
+  test_eq(elapsed, 100);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+static void
+test_replaycache_noexpire(void)
+{
+  replaycache_t *r = NULL;
+  int result;
+
+  r = replaycache_new(0, 0);
+  test_assert(r != NULL);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1200, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 0);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(1300, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 1);
+
+  result =
+    replaycache_add_and_test_internal(3000, r, test_buffer,
+        (int)strlen(test_buffer), NULL);
+  test_eq(result, 1);
+
+ done:
+  if (r) replaycache_free(r);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+#define REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(name) \
+  { #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup, test_replaycache_ ## name }
+
+struct testcase_t replaycache_tests[] = {
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(alloc),
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(miss),
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(hit),
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(age),
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(elapsed),
+  REPLAYCACHE_LEGACY(noexpire),
+  END_OF_TESTCASES
+};
+
diff --git a/src/test/test_util.c b/src/test/test_util.c
index 6c72247e9c..65d9d2f878 100644
--- a/src/test/test_util.c
+++ b/src/test/test_util.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <tchar.h>
 #endif
+#include <math.h>
 
 /* XXXX this is a minimal wrapper to make the unit tests compile with the
  * changed tor_timegm interface. */
@@ -32,6 +33,75 @@ tor_timegm_wrapper(const struct tm *tm)
 #define tor_timegm tor_timegm_wrapper
 
 static void
+test_util_read_until_eof_impl(const char *fname, size_t file_len,
+                              size_t read_limit)
+{
+  char *fifo_name = NULL;
+  char *test_str = NULL;
+  char *str = NULL;
+  size_t sz = 9999999;
+  int fd = -1;
+  int r;
+
+  fifo_name = tor_strdup(get_fname(fname));
+  test_str = tor_malloc(file_len);
+  crypto_rand(test_str, file_len);
+
+  r = write_bytes_to_file(fifo_name, test_str, file_len, 1);
+  tt_int_op(r, ==, 0);
+
+  fd = open(fifo_name, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
+  tt_int_op(fd, >=, 0);
+  str = read_file_to_str_until_eof(fd, read_limit, &sz);
+  tt_assert(str != NULL);
+
+  if (read_limit < file_len)
+    tt_int_op(sz, ==, read_limit);
+  else
+    tt_int_op(sz, ==, file_len);
+
+  test_mem_op(test_str, ==, str, sz);
+  test_assert(str[sz] == '\0');
+
+ done:
+  unlink(fifo_name);
+  tor_free(fifo_name);
+  tor_free(test_str);
+  tor_free(str);
+  if (fd >= 0)
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+static void
+test_util_read_file_eof_tiny_limit(void *arg)
+{
+  (void)arg;
+  // purposely set limit shorter than what we wrote to the FIFO to
+  // test the maximum, and that it puts the NUL in the right spot
+
+  test_util_read_until_eof_impl("tor_test_fifo_tiny", 5, 4);
+}
+
+static void
+test_util_read_file_eof_two_loops(void *arg)
+{
+  (void)arg;
+  // write more than 1024 bytes to the FIFO to test two passes through
+  // the loop in the method; if the re-alloc size is changed this
+  // should be updated as well.
+
+  test_util_read_until_eof_impl("tor_test_fifo_2k", 2048, 10000);
+}
+
+static void
+test_util_read_file_eof_zero_bytes(void *arg)
+{
+  (void)arg;
+  // zero-byte fifo
+  test_util_read_until_eof_impl("tor_test_fifo_empty", 0, 10000);
+}
+
+static void
 test_util_time(void)
 {
   struct timeval start, end;
@@ -152,6 +222,7 @@ test_util_time(void)
   test_eq(-1, parse_iso_time("2011-03-30 23:59:62 GMT", &t_res));
   test_eq(-1, parse_iso_time("1969-03-30 23:59:59 GMT", &t_res));
   test_eq(-1, parse_iso_time("2011-00-30 23:59:59 GMT", &t_res));
+  test_eq(-1, parse_iso_time("2147483647-08-29 14:00:00", &t_res));
   test_eq(-1, parse_iso_time("2011-03-30 23:59", &t_res));
 
   /* Test tor_gettimeofday */
@@ -731,7 +802,7 @@ test_util_strmisc(void)
 {
   char buf[1024];
   int i;
-  char *cp;
+  char *cp, *cp_tmp = NULL;
 
   /* Test strl operations */
   test_eq(5, strlcpy(buf, "Hello", 0));
@@ -934,20 +1005,20 @@ test_util_strmisc(void)
   /* Test strndup and memdup */
   {
     const char *s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-    cp = tor_strndup(s, 30);
-    test_streq(cp, s); /* same string, */
-    test_neq(cp, s); /* but different pointers. */
-    tor_free(cp);
+    cp_tmp = tor_strndup(s, 30);
+    test_streq(cp_tmp, s); /* same string, */
+    test_neq_ptr(cp_tmp, s); /* but different pointers. */
+    tor_free(cp_tmp);
 
-    cp = tor_strndup(s, 5);
-    test_streq(cp, "abcde");
-    tor_free(cp);
+    cp_tmp = tor_strndup(s, 5);
+    test_streq(cp_tmp, "abcde");
+    tor_free(cp_tmp);
 
     s = "a\0b\0c\0d\0e\0";
-    cp = tor_memdup(s,10);
-    test_memeq(cp, s, 10); /* same ram, */
-    test_neq(cp, s); /* but different pointers. */
-    tor_free(cp);
+    cp_tmp = tor_memdup(s,10);
+    test_memeq(cp_tmp, s, 10); /* same ram, */
+    test_neq_ptr(cp_tmp, s); /* but different pointers. */
+    tor_free(cp_tmp);
   }
 
   /* Test str-foo functions */
@@ -983,79 +1054,6 @@ test_util_strmisc(void)
     test_assert(!tor_memstr(haystack, 7, "ababcade"));
   }
 
-  /* Test wrap_string */
-  {
-    smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
-    wrap_string(sl,
-                "This is a test of string wrapping functionality: woot. "
-                    "a functionality? w00t w00t...!",
-                10, "", "");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp,
-            "This is a\ntest of\nstring\nwrapping\nfunctional\nity: woot.\n"
-               "a\nfunctional\nity? w00t\nw00t...!\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "This is a test of string wrapping functionality: woot.",
-                16, "### ", "# ");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp,
-             "### This is a\n# test of string\n# wrapping\n# functionality:\n"
-             "# woot.\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "A test of string wrapping...", 6, "### ", "# ");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp,
-               "### A\n# test\n# of\n# stri\n# ng\n# wrap\n# ping\n# ...\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "Wrapping test", 6, "#### ", "# ");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp, "#### W\n# rapp\n# ing\n# test\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "Small test", 6, "### ", "#### ");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp, "### Sm\n#### a\n#### l\n#### l\n#### t\n#### e"
-                   "\n#### s\n#### t\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "First null", 6, NULL, "> ");
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp, "First\n> null\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "Second null", 6, "> ", NULL);
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp, "> Seco\nnd\nnull\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_clear(sl);
-
-    wrap_string(sl, "Both null", 6, NULL, NULL);
-    cp = smartlist_join_strings(sl, "", 0, NULL);
-    test_streq(cp, "Both\nnull\n");
-    tor_free(cp);
-    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
-    smartlist_free(sl);
-
-    /* Can't test prefixes that have the same length as the line width, because
-       the function has an assert */
-  }
-
   /* Test hex_str */
   {
     char binary_data[68];
@@ -1099,7 +1097,7 @@ test_util_strmisc(void)
   tt_int_op(strcmp_len("blah", "", 0),    ==, 0);
 
  done:
-  ;
+  tor_free(cp_tmp);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1109,6 +1107,7 @@ test_util_pow2(void)
   test_eq(tor_log2(64), 6);
   test_eq(tor_log2(65), 6);
   test_eq(tor_log2(63), 5);
+  test_eq(tor_log2(0), 0); /* incorrect mathematically, but as specified */
   test_eq(tor_log2(1), 0);
   test_eq(tor_log2(2), 1);
   test_eq(tor_log2(3), 1);
@@ -1123,26 +1122,35 @@ test_util_pow2(void)
   test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(130), 128);
   test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(U64_LITERAL(40000000000000000)),
           U64_LITERAL(1)<<55);
-  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(0), 2);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(U64_LITERAL(0xffffffffffffffff)),
+          U64_LITERAL(1)<<63);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(0), 1);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(1), 1);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(2), 2);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(3), 2);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(4), 4);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(5), 4);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(6), 4);
+  test_eq(round_to_power_of_2(7), 8);
 
  done:
   ;
 }
 
 /** mutex for thread test to stop the threads hitting data at the same time. */
-static tor_mutex_t *_thread_test_mutex = NULL;
+static tor_mutex_t *thread_test_mutex_ = NULL;
 /** mutexes for the thread test to make sure that the threads have to
  * interleave somewhat. */
-static tor_mutex_t *_thread_test_start1 = NULL,
-                   *_thread_test_start2 = NULL;
+static tor_mutex_t *thread_test_start1_ = NULL,
+                   *thread_test_start2_ = NULL;
 /** Shared strmap for the thread test. */
-static strmap_t *_thread_test_strmap = NULL;
+static strmap_t *thread_test_strmap_ = NULL;
 /** The name of thread1 for the thread test */
-static char *_thread1_name = NULL;
+static char *thread1_name_ = NULL;
 /** The name of thread2 for the thread test */
-static char *_thread2_name = NULL;
+static char *thread2_name_ = NULL;
 
-static void _thread_test_func(void* _s) ATTR_NORETURN;
+static void thread_test_func_(void* _s) ATTR_NORETURN;
 
 /** How many iterations have the threads in the unit test run? */
 static int t1_count = 0, t2_count = 0;
@@ -1150,9 +1158,9 @@ static int t1_count = 0, t2_count = 0;
 /** Helper function for threading unit tests: This function runs in a
  * subthread. It grabs its own mutex (start1 or start2) to make sure that it
  * should start, then it repeatedly alters _test_thread_strmap protected by
- * _thread_test_mutex. */
+ * thread_test_mutex_. */
 static void
-_thread_test_func(void* _s)
+thread_test_func_(void* _s)
 {
   char *s = _s;
   int i, *count;
@@ -1160,12 +1168,12 @@ _thread_test_func(void* _s)
   char buf[64];
   char **cp;
   if (!strcmp(s, "thread 1")) {
-    m = _thread_test_start1;
-    cp = &_thread1_name;
+    m = thread_test_start1_;
+    cp = &thread1_name_;
     count = &t1_count;
   } else {
-    m = _thread_test_start2;
-    cp = &_thread2_name;
+    m = thread_test_start2_;
+    cp = &thread2_name_;
     count = &t2_count;
   }
 
@@ -1175,14 +1183,14 @@ _thread_test_func(void* _s)
   tor_mutex_acquire(m);
 
   for (i=0; i<10000; ++i) {
-    tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_mutex);
-    strmap_set(_thread_test_strmap, "last to run", *cp);
+    tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_mutex_);
+    strmap_set(thread_test_strmap_, "last to run", *cp);
     ++*count;
-    tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_mutex);
+    tor_mutex_release(thread_test_mutex_);
   }
-  tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_mutex);
-  strmap_set(_thread_test_strmap, s, *cp);
-  tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_mutex);
+  tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_mutex_);
+  strmap_set(thread_test_strmap_, s, *cp);
+  tor_mutex_release(thread_test_mutex_);
 
   tor_mutex_release(m);
 
@@ -1207,67 +1215,67 @@ test_util_threads(void)
   if (1)
     return;
 #endif
-  _thread_test_mutex = tor_mutex_new();
-  _thread_test_start1 = tor_mutex_new();
-  _thread_test_start2 = tor_mutex_new();
-  _thread_test_strmap = strmap_new();
+  thread_test_mutex_ = tor_mutex_new();
+  thread_test_start1_ = tor_mutex_new();
+  thread_test_start2_ = tor_mutex_new();
+  thread_test_strmap_ = strmap_new();
   s1 = tor_strdup("thread 1");
   s2 = tor_strdup("thread 2");
-  tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_start1);
-  tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_start2);
-  spawn_func(_thread_test_func, s1);
-  spawn_func(_thread_test_func, s2);
-  tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_start2);
-  tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_start1);
+  tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_start1_);
+  tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_start2_);
+  spawn_func(thread_test_func_, s1);
+  spawn_func(thread_test_func_, s2);
+  tor_mutex_release(thread_test_start2_);
+  tor_mutex_release(thread_test_start1_);
   started = time(NULL);
   while (!done) {
-    tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_mutex);
-    strmap_assert_ok(_thread_test_strmap);
-    if (strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 1") &&
-        strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 2")) {
+    tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_mutex_);
+    strmap_assert_ok(thread_test_strmap_);
+    if (strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 1") &&
+        strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 2")) {
       done = 1;
     } else if (time(NULL) > started + 150) {
       timedout = done = 1;
     }
-    tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_mutex);
+    tor_mutex_release(thread_test_mutex_);
 #ifndef _WIN32
     /* Prevent the main thread from starving the worker threads. */
     select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
 #endif
   }
-  tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_start1);
-  tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_start1);
-  tor_mutex_acquire(_thread_test_start2);
-  tor_mutex_release(_thread_test_start2);
+  tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_start1_);
+  tor_mutex_release(thread_test_start1_);
+  tor_mutex_acquire(thread_test_start2_);
+  tor_mutex_release(thread_test_start2_);
 
-  tor_mutex_free(_thread_test_mutex);
+  tor_mutex_free(thread_test_mutex_);
 
   if (timedout) {
     printf("\nTimed out: %d %d", t1_count, t2_count);
-    test_assert(strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 1"));
-    test_assert(strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 2"));
+    test_assert(strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 1"));
+    test_assert(strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 2"));
     test_assert(!timedout);
   }
 
   /* different thread IDs. */
-  test_assert(strcmp(strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 1"),
-                     strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 2")));
-  test_assert(!strcmp(strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 1"),
-                      strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "last to run")) ||
-              !strcmp(strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "thread 2"),
-                      strmap_get(_thread_test_strmap, "last to run")));
+  test_assert(strcmp(strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 1"),
+                     strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 2")));
+  test_assert(!strcmp(strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 1"),
+                      strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "last to run")) ||
+              !strcmp(strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "thread 2"),
+                      strmap_get(thread_test_strmap_, "last to run")));
 
  done:
   tor_free(s1);
   tor_free(s2);
-  tor_free(_thread1_name);
-  tor_free(_thread2_name);
-  if (_thread_test_strmap)
-    strmap_free(_thread_test_strmap, NULL);
-  if (_thread_test_start1)
-    tor_mutex_free(_thread_test_start1);
-  if (_thread_test_start2)
-    tor_mutex_free(_thread_test_start2);
+  tor_free(thread1_name_);
+  tor_free(thread2_name_);
+  if (thread_test_strmap_)
+    strmap_free(thread_test_strmap_, NULL);
+  if (thread_test_start1_)
+    tor_mutex_free(thread_test_start1_);
+  if (thread_test_start2_)
+    tor_mutex_free(thread_test_start2_);
 }
 
 /** Run unit tests for compression functions */
@@ -1416,7 +1424,7 @@ test_util_mmap(void)
   /* Now a zero-length file. */
   write_str_to_file(fname1, "", 1);
   mapping = tor_mmap_file(fname1);
-  test_eq(mapping, NULL);
+  test_eq_ptr(mapping, NULL);
   test_eq(ERANGE, errno);
   unlink(fname1);
 
@@ -1474,12 +1482,28 @@ test_util_control_formats(void)
   tor_free(out);
 }
 
+#define test_feq(value1,value2) do {                               \
+    double v1 = (value1), v2=(value2);                             \
+    double tf_diff = v1-v2;                                        \
+    double tf_tolerance = ((v1+v2)/2.0)/1e8;                       \
+    if (tf_diff<0) tf_diff=-tf_diff;                               \
+    if (tf_tolerance<0) tf_tolerance=-tf_tolerance;                \
+    if (tf_diff<tf_tolerance) {                                    \
+      TT_BLATHER(("%s ~~ %s: %f ~~ %f",#value1,#value2,v1,v2));  \
+    } else {                                                       \
+      TT_FAIL(("%s ~~ %s: %f != %f",#value1,#value2,v1,v2)); \
+    }                                                              \
+  } while (0)
+
 static void
 test_util_sscanf(void)
 {
   unsigned u1, u2, u3;
   char s1[20], s2[10], s3[10], ch;
   int r;
+  long lng1,lng2;
+  int int1, int2;
+  double d1,d2,d3,d4;
 
   /* Simple tests (malformed patterns, literal matching, ...) */
   test_eq(-1, tor_sscanf("123", "%i", &r)); /* %i is not supported */
@@ -1608,6 +1632,65 @@ test_util_sscanf(void)
   test_eq(4, tor_sscanf("1.2.3 foobar", "%u.%u.%u%c", &u1, &u2, &u3, &ch));
   test_eq(' ', ch);
 
+  r = tor_sscanf("12345 -67890 -1", "%d %ld %d", &int1, &lng1, &int2);
+  test_eq(r,3);
+  test_eq(int1, 12345);
+  test_eq(lng1, -67890);
+  test_eq(int2, -1);
+
+#if SIZEOF_INT == 4
+  r = tor_sscanf("-2147483648. 2147483647.", "%d. %d.", &int1, &int2);
+  test_eq(r,2);
+  test_eq(int1, -2147483647-1);
+  test_eq(int2, 2147483647);
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("-2147483679.", "%d.", &int1);
+  test_eq(r,0);
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("2147483678.", "%d.", &int1);
+  test_eq(r,0);
+#elif SIZEOF_INT == 8
+  r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775807.",
+                 "%d. %d.", &int1, &int2);
+  test_eq(r,2);
+  test_eq(int1, -9223372036854775807-1);
+  test_eq(int2, 9223372036854775807);
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775809.", "%d.", &int1);
+  test_eq(r,0);
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("9223372036854775808.", "%d.", &int1);
+  test_eq(r,0);
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+  r = tor_sscanf("-2147483648. 2147483647.", "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2);
+  test_eq(r,2);
+  test_eq(lng1, -2147483647 - 1);
+  test_eq(lng2, 2147483647);
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+  r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775807.",
+                 "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2);
+  test_eq(r,2);
+  test_eq(lng1, -9223372036854775807L - 1);
+  test_eq(lng2, 9223372036854775807L);
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775808.",
+                 "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2);
+  test_eq(r,1);
+  r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775809. 9223372036854775808.",
+                 "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2);
+  test_eq(r,0);
+#endif
+
+  r = tor_sscanf("123.456 .000007 -900123123.2000787 00003.2",
+                 "%lf %lf %lf %lf", &d1,&d2,&d3,&d4);
+  test_eq(r,4);
+  test_feq(d1, 123.456);
+  test_feq(d2, .000007);
+  test_feq(d3, -900123123.2000787);
+  test_feq(d4, 3.2);
+
  done:
   ;
 }
@@ -1735,7 +1818,7 @@ test_util_memarea(void)
   /* Make sure we don't overalign. */
   p1 = memarea_alloc(area, 1);
   p2 = memarea_alloc(area, 1);
-  test_eq(p1+sizeof(void*), p2);
+  test_eq_ptr(p1+sizeof(void*), p2);
   {
     malloced_ptr = tor_malloc(64);
     test_assert(!memarea_owns_ptr(area, malloced_ptr));
@@ -1780,7 +1863,7 @@ test_util_memarea(void)
 
   memarea_clear(area);
   p1 = memarea_alloc(area, 1);
-  test_eq(p1, p1_orig);
+  test_eq_ptr(p1, p1_orig);
   memarea_clear(area);
 
   /* Check for running over an area's size. */
@@ -2061,13 +2144,13 @@ test_util_listdir(void *ptr)
   dir_contents = tor_listdir(dirname);
   test_assert(dir_contents);
   /* make sure that each filename is listed. */
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin_case(dir_contents, "hopscotch"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin_case(dir_contents, "mumblety-peg"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin_case(dir_contents, ".hidden-file"));
-  test_assert(smartlist_string_isin_case(dir_contents, "some-directory"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string_case(dir_contents, "hopscotch"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string_case(dir_contents, "mumblety-peg"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string_case(dir_contents, ".hidden-file"));
+  test_assert(smartlist_contains_string_case(dir_contents, "some-directory"));
 
-  test_assert(!smartlist_string_isin(dir_contents, "."));
-  test_assert(!smartlist_string_isin(dir_contents, ".."));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains_string(dir_contents, "."));
+  test_assert(!smartlist_contains_string(dir_contents, ".."));
 
  done:
   tor_free(fname1);
@@ -2136,7 +2219,7 @@ test_util_load_win_lib(void *ptr)
   tt_assert(h);
  done:
   if (h)
-    CloseHandle(h);
+    FreeLibrary(h);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2558,7 +2641,7 @@ test_util_join_win_cmdline(void *ptr)
   };
 
   int i;
-  char *joined_argv;
+  char *joined_argv = NULL;
 
   (void)ptr;
 
@@ -2570,7 +2653,7 @@ test_util_join_win_cmdline(void *ptr)
   }
 
  done:
-  ;
+  tor_free(joined_argv);
 }
 
 #define MAX_SPLIT_LINE_COUNT 4
@@ -2690,6 +2773,16 @@ test_util_di_ops(void)
     test_eq(neq1, !eq1);
   }
 
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("", 0));
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("", 1));
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("a", 1));
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("a", 2));
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("\0a", 2));
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("\0\0a", 2));
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8));
+  tt_int_op(1, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0a", 8));
+  tt_int_op(0, ==, safe_mem_is_zero("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0a", 9));
+
  done:
   ;
 }
@@ -3045,7 +3138,7 @@ test_util_set_env_var_in_sl(void *ptr)
   SMARTLIST_FOREACH(new_env_vars, char *, env_var,
                     set_environment_variable_in_smartlist(merged_env_vars,
                                                           env_var,
-                                                          _tor_free,
+                                                          tor_free_,
                                                           1));
 
   smartlist_sort_strings(merged_env_vars);
@@ -3077,6 +3170,48 @@ test_util_set_env_var_in_sl(void *ptr)
   smartlist_free(expected_resulting_env_vars);
 }
 
+static void
+test_util_weak_random(void *arg)
+{
+  int i, j, n[16];
+  tor_weak_rng_t rng;
+  (void) arg;
+
+  tor_init_weak_random(&rng, (unsigned)time(NULL));
+
+  for (i = 1; i <= 256; ++i) {
+    for (j=0;j<100;++j) {
+      int r = tor_weak_random_range(&rng, i);
+      tt_int_op(0, <=, r);
+      tt_int_op(r, <, i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  memset(n,0,sizeof(n));
+  for (j=0;j<8192;++j) {
+    n[tor_weak_random_range(&rng, 16)]++;
+  }
+
+  for (i=0;i<16;++i)
+    tt_int_op(n[i], >, 0);
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
+static void
+test_util_mathlog(void *arg)
+{
+  double d;
+  (void) arg;
+
+  d = tor_mathlog(2.718281828);
+  tt_double_op(fabs(d - 1.0), <, .000001);
+  d = tor_mathlog(10);
+  tt_double_op(fabs(d - 2.30258509), <, .000001);
+ done:
+  ;
+}
+
 #define UTIL_LEGACY(name)                                               \
   { #name, legacy_test_helper, 0, &legacy_setup, test_util_ ## name }
 
@@ -3130,6 +3265,11 @@ struct testcase_t util_tests[] = {
   UTIL_TEST(envnames, 0),
   UTIL_TEST(make_environment, 0),
   UTIL_TEST(set_env_var_in_sl, 0),
+  UTIL_TEST(read_file_eof_tiny_limit, 0),
+  UTIL_TEST(read_file_eof_two_loops, 0),
+  UTIL_TEST(read_file_eof_zero_bytes, 0),
+  UTIL_TEST(mathlog, 0),
+  UTIL_TEST(weak_random, 0),
   END_OF_TESTCASES
 };
 
diff --git a/src/tools/Makefile.am b/src/tools/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 35b0a41f53..0000000000
--- a/src/tools/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-bin_PROGRAMS = tor-resolve tor-gencert
-noinst_PROGRAMS =  tor-checkkey
-
-tor_resolve_SOURCES = tor-resolve.c
-tor_resolve_LDFLAGS =
-tor_resolve_LDADD = ../common/libor.a @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@
-
-tor_gencert_SOURCES = tor-gencert.c
-tor_gencert_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@
-tor_gencert_LDADD = ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-        @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
-        @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@
-
-tor_checkkey_SOURCES = tor-checkkey.c
-tor_checkkey_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@
-tor_checkkey_LDADD = ../common/libor.a ../common/libor-crypto.a \
-        @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
-        @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@
-
-SUBDIRS =      tor-fw-helper
-DIST_SUBDIRS = tor-fw-helper
-
diff --git a/src/tools/Makefile.nmake b/src/tools/Makefile.nmake
index a30a28b2e1..fda1990e0b 100644
--- a/src/tools/Makefile.nmake
+++ b/src/tools/Makefile.nmake
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ LIBS = ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libevent.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libcrypto.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libssl.lib \
  ..\..\..\build-alpha\lib\libz.lib \
- ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib
-
+ ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib \
+ crypt32.lib gdi32.lib user32.lib
 
 tor-gencert.exe: tor-gencert.obj
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) ..\common\*.lib tor-gencert.obj
diff --git a/src/tools/include.am b/src/tools/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54b150a80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+bin_PROGRAMS+= src/tools/tor-resolve src/tools/tor-gencert
+noinst_PROGRAMS+=  src/tools/tor-checkkey
+
+src_tools_tor_resolve_SOURCES = src/tools/tor-resolve.c
+src_tools_tor_resolve_LDFLAGS =
+src_tools_tor_resolve_LDADD = src/common/libor.a @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_LIB_WS32@
+
+src_tools_tor_gencert_SOURCES = src/tools/tor-gencert.c
+src_tools_tor_gencert_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@
+src_tools_tor_gencert_LDADD = src/common/libor.a src/common/libor-crypto.a \
+	$(LIBDONNA) \
+        @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
+        @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+
+src_tools_tor_checkkey_SOURCES = src/tools/tor-checkkey.c
+src_tools_tor_checkkey_LDFLAGS = @TOR_LDFLAGS_zlib@ @TOR_LDFLAGS_openssl@
+src_tools_tor_checkkey_LDADD = src/common/libor.a src/common/libor-crypto.a \
+	$(LIBDONNA) \
+        @TOR_LIB_MATH@ @TOR_ZLIB_LIBS@ @TOR_OPENSSL_LIBS@ \
+        @TOR_LIB_WS32@ @TOR_LIB_GDI@ @CURVE25519_LIBS@
+
+include src/tools/tor-fw-helper/include.am
+
+
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-checkkey.c b/src/tools/tor-checkkey.c
index 10d13d8371..a3860ca4b7 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-checkkey.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-checkkey.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2008-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2008-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #define CRYPTO_PRIVATE
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ main(int c, char **v)
       return 1;
     printf("%s\n",digest);
   } else {
-    rsa = _crypto_pk_get_rsa(env);
+    rsa = crypto_pk_get_rsa_(env);
     str = BN_bn2hex(rsa->n);
 
     printf("%s\n", str);
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/Makefile.am b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 393562db03..0000000000
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-if USE_FW_HELPER
-bin_PROGRAMS = tor-fw-helper
-else
-bin_PROGRAMS =
-endif
-
-tor_fw_helper_SOURCES = \
-	tor-fw-helper.c \
-	tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c \
-	tor-fw-helper-upnp.c
-noinst_HEADERS = \
-	tor-fw-helper.h \
-	tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h \
-	tor-fw-helper-upnp.h
-
-if NAT_PMP
-nat_pmp_ldflags = @TOR_LDFLAGS_libnatpmp@
-nat_pmp_ldadd  = -lnatpmp @TOR_LIB_IPHLPAPI@
-nat_pmp_cppflags = @TOR_CPPFLAGS_libnatpmp@
-else
-nat_pmp_ldflags =
-nat_pmp_ldadd  =
-nat_pmp_cppflags =
-endif
-
-if MINIUPNPC
-miniupnpc_ldflags = @TOR_LDFLAGS_libminiupnpc@
-miniupnpc_ldadd = -lminiupnpc -lm @TOR_LIB_IPHLPAPI@
-miniupnpc_cppflags = @TOR_CPPFLAGS_libminiupnpc@
-else
-miniupnpc_ldflags =
-miniupnpc_ldadd =
-miniupnpc_cppflags =
-endif
-
-tor_fw_helper_LDFLAGS = $(nat_pmp_ldflags) $(miniupnpc_ldflags)
-tor_fw_helper_LDADD = ../../common/libor.a $(nat_pmp_ldadd) $(miniupnpc_ldadd) @TOR_LIB_WS32@
-tor_fw_helper_CPPFLAGS = $(nat_pmp_cppflags) $(miniupnpc_cppflags)
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/include.am b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..275a0e237c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+if USE_FW_HELPER
+bin_PROGRAMS+= src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper
+endif
+
+src_tools_tor_fw_helper_tor_fw_helper_SOURCES = \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.c \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.c
+noinst_HEADERS+= \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.h \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h \
+	src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.h
+
+if NAT_PMP
+nat_pmp_ldflags = @TOR_LDFLAGS_libnatpmp@
+nat_pmp_ldadd  = -lnatpmp @TOR_LIB_IPHLPAPI@
+nat_pmp_cppflags = @TOR_CPPFLAGS_libnatpmp@
+else
+nat_pmp_ldflags =
+nat_pmp_ldadd  =
+nat_pmp_cppflags =
+endif
+
+if MINIUPNPC
+miniupnpc_ldflags = @TOR_LDFLAGS_libminiupnpc@
+miniupnpc_ldadd = -lminiupnpc @TOR_LIB_IPHLPAPI@
+miniupnpc_cppflags = @TOR_CPPFLAGS_libminiupnpc@
+else
+miniupnpc_ldflags =
+miniupnpc_ldadd =
+miniupnpc_cppflags =
+endif
+
+src_tools_tor_fw_helper_tor_fw_helper_LDFLAGS = $(nat_pmp_ldflags) $(miniupnpc_ldflags)
+src_tools_tor_fw_helper_tor_fw_helper_LDADD = src/common/libor.a $(nat_pmp_ldadd) $(miniupnpc_ldadd) -lm @TOR_LIB_WS32@
+src_tools_tor_fw_helper_tor_fw_helper_CPPFLAGS = $(nat_pmp_cppflags) $(miniupnpc_cppflags)
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c
index 0e0b385f9b..41eb9dcb76 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ tor_natpmp_init(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options, void *backend_state)
   state->lease = NATPMP_DEFAULT_LEASE;
 
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: natpmp init...\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: natpmp init...\n");
 
   r = initnatpmp(&(state->natpmp), 0, 0);
   if (r == 0) {
     state->init = 1;
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: natpmp initialized...\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: natpmp initialized...\n");
     return r;
   } else {
-    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: natpmp failed to initialize...\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: natpmp failed to initialize...\n");
     return r;
   }
 }
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ tor_natpmp_cleanup(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options, void *backend_state)
   natpmp_state_t *state = (natpmp_state_t *) backend_state;
   int r = 0;
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: natpmp cleanup...\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: natpmp cleanup...\n");
   r = closenatpmp(&(state->natpmp));
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: closing natpmp socket: %d\n", r);
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: closing natpmp socket: %d\n", r);
   return r;
 }
 
@@ -93,16 +93,20 @@ wait_until_fd_readable(tor_socket_t fd, struct timeval *timeout)
 {
   int r;
   fd_set fds;
+
+#ifndef WIN32
   if (fd >= FD_SETSIZE) {
     fprintf(stderr, "E: NAT-PMP FD_SETSIZE error %d\n", fd);
     return -1;
   }
+#endif
+
   FD_ZERO(&fds);
   FD_SET(fd, &fds);
   r = select(fd+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout);
   if (r == -1) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: select failed in wait_until_fd_readable: %s\n",
-            strerror(errno));
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: select failed in wait_until_fd_readable: %s\n",
+            tor_socket_strerror(tor_socket_errno(fd)));
     return -1;
   }
   /* XXXX we should really check to see whether fd was readable, or we timed
@@ -110,27 +114,25 @@ wait_until_fd_readable(tor_socket_t fd, struct timeval *timeout)
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Add a TCP port mapping for a single port stored in <b>tor_fw_options</b>
- * using the <b>natpmp_t</b> stored in <b>backend_state</b>. */
 int
-tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
-                           void *backend_state)
+tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(uint16_t internal_port, uint16_t external_port,
+                           int is_verbose, void *backend_state)
 {
-  natpmp_state_t *state = (natpmp_state_t *) backend_state;
   int r = 0;
   int x = 0;
   int sav_errno;
+  natpmp_state_t *state = (natpmp_state_t *) backend_state;
 
   struct timeval timeout;
 
-  if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: sending natpmp portmapping request...\n");
+  if (is_verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: sending natpmp portmapping request...\n");
   r = sendnewportmappingrequest(&(state->natpmp), state->protocol,
-                                tor_fw_options->internal_port,
-                                tor_fw_options->external_port,
+                                internal_port,
+                                external_port,
                                 state->lease);
-  if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP sendnewportmappingrequest "
+  if (is_verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP sendnewportmappingrequest "
             "returned %d (%s)\n", r, r==12?"SUCCESS":"FAILED");
 
   do {
@@ -139,15 +141,15 @@ tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
     if (x == -1)
       return -1;
 
-    if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: attempting to readnatpmpreponseorretry...\n");
+    if (is_verbose)
+      fprintf(stderr, "V: attempting to readnatpmpreponseorretry...\n");
     r = readnatpmpresponseorretry(&(state->natpmp), &(state->response));
-    sav_errno = errno;
+    sav_errno = tor_socket_errno(state->natpmp.s);
 
     if (r<0 && r!=NATPMP_TRYAGAIN) {
       fprintf(stderr, "E: readnatpmpresponseorretry failed %d\n", r);
       fprintf(stderr, "E: errno=%d '%s'\n", sav_errno,
-              strerror(sav_errno));
+              tor_socket_strerror(sav_errno));
     }
 
   } while (r == NATPMP_TRYAGAIN);
@@ -163,16 +165,14 @@ tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
   }
 
   if (r == NATPMP_SUCCESS) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP mapped public port %hu to"
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP mapped public port %hu to"
             " localport %hu liftime %u\n",
             (state->response).pnu.newportmapping.mappedpublicport,
             (state->response).pnu.newportmapping.privateport,
             (state->response).pnu.newportmapping.lifetime);
   }
 
-  tor_fw_options->nat_pmp_status = 1;
-
-  return r;
+  return (r == NATPMP_SUCCESS) ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 /** Fetch our likely public IP from our upstream NAT-PMP enabled NAT device.
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ tor_natpmp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
   struct timeval timeout;
 
   r = sendpublicaddressrequest(&(state->natpmp));
-  fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP sendpublicaddressrequest returned"
+  fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: NAT-PMP sendpublicaddressrequest returned"
           " %d (%s)\n", r, r==2?"SUCCESS":"FAILED");
 
   do {
@@ -200,19 +200,19 @@ tor_natpmp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
       return -1;
 
     if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: NAT-PMP attempting to read reponse...\n");
+      fprintf(stderr, "V: NAT-PMP attempting to read reponse...\n");
     r = readnatpmpresponseorretry(&(state->natpmp), &(state->response));
-    sav_errno = errno;
+    sav_errno = tor_socket_errno(state->natpmp.s);
 
     if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: NAT-PMP readnatpmpresponseorretry returned"
+      fprintf(stderr, "V: NAT-PMP readnatpmpresponseorretry returned"
               " %d\n", r);
 
     if ( r < 0 && r != NATPMP_TRYAGAIN) {
       fprintf(stderr, "E: NAT-PMP readnatpmpresponseorretry failed %d\n",
               r);
       fprintf(stderr, "E: NAT-PMP errno=%d '%s'\n", sav_errno,
-              strerror(sav_errno));
+              tor_socket_strerror(sav_errno));
     }
 
   } while (r == NATPMP_TRYAGAIN );
@@ -223,15 +223,15 @@ tor_natpmp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
     return r;
   }
 
-  fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: ExternalIPAddress = %s\n",
+  fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: ExternalIPAddress = %s\n",
           inet_ntoa((state->response).pnu.publicaddress.addr));
   tor_fw_options->public_ip_status = 1;
 
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: result = %u\n", r);
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: type = %u\n", (state->response).type);
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: resultcode = %u\n", (state->response).resultcode);
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: epoch = %u\n", (state->response).epoch);
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: result = %u\n", r);
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: type = %u\n", (state->response).type);
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: resultcode = %u\n", (state->response).resultcode);
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: epoch = %u\n", (state->response).epoch);
   }
 
   return r;
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h
index 54f541bcf4..2d924ce750 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-natpmp.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
   **/
 
 #ifdef NAT_PMP
-#ifndef _TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H
-#define _TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H
+#ifndef TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H
+#define TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H
 
 #include <natpmp.h>
 
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ int tor_natpmp_init(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options, void *backend_state);
 
 int tor_natpmp_cleanup(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options, void *backend_state);
 
-int tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
-                               void *backend_state);
+int tor_natpmp_add_tcp_mapping(uint16_t internal_port, uint16_t external_port,
+                               int is_verbose, void *backend_state);
 
 int tor_natpmp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
                                void *backend_state);
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.c b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.c
index 7c104f11cd..692186d372 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ tor_upnp_init(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state)
   assert(options);
   r = UPNP_GetValidIGD(devlist, &(state->urls), &(state->data),
                        state->lanaddr, UPNP_LANADDR_SZ);
-  fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: UPnP GetValidIGD returned: %d (%s)\n", r,
+  fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: UPnP GetValidIGD returned: %d (%s)\n", r,
           r==UPNP_SUCCESS?"SUCCESS":"FAILED");
 
   freeUPNPDevlist(devlist);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ tor_upnp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state)
     goto err;
 
   if (externalIPAddress[0]) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: ExternalIPAddress = %s\n",
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: ExternalIPAddress = %s\n",
             externalIPAddress); tor_upnp_cleanup(options, state);
     options->public_ip_status = 1;
     return UPNP_ERR_SUCCESS;
@@ -154,44 +154,40 @@ tor_upnp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state)
   return UPNP_ERR_GETEXTERNALIP;
 }
 
-/** Add a TCP port mapping for a single port stored in <b>tor_fw_options</b>
- * and store the results in <b>backend_state</b>. */
 int
-tor_upnp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state)
+tor_upnp_add_tcp_mapping(uint16_t internal_port, uint16_t external_port,
+                         int is_verbose, void *backend_state)
 {
-  miniupnpc_state_t *state = (miniupnpc_state_t *) backend_state;
-  int r;
+  int retval;
   char internal_port_str[6];
   char external_port_str[6];
+  miniupnpc_state_t *state = (miniupnpc_state_t *) backend_state;
 
   if (!state->init) {
-    r = tor_upnp_init(options, state);
-    if (r != UPNP_ERR_SUCCESS)
-      return r;
+    fprintf(stderr, "E: %s but state is not initialized.\n", __func__);
+    return -1;
   }
 
-  if (options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: internal port: %d, external port: %d\n",
-            (int)options->internal_port, (int)options->external_port);
+  if (is_verbose)
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: UPnP: internal port: %u, external port: %u\n",
+            internal_port, external_port);
 
   tor_snprintf(internal_port_str, sizeof(internal_port_str),
-               "%d", (int)options->internal_port);
+               "%u", internal_port);
   tor_snprintf(external_port_str, sizeof(external_port_str),
-               "%d", (int)options->external_port);
+               "%u", external_port);
 
-  r = UPNP_AddPortMapping(state->urls.controlURL,
-                          state->data.first.servicetype,
-                          external_port_str, internal_port_str,
+  retval = UPNP_AddPortMapping(state->urls.controlURL,
+                               state->data.first.servicetype,
+                               external_port_str, internal_port_str,
 #ifdef MINIUPNPC15
-                          state->lanaddr, UPNP_DESC, "TCP", 0);
+                               state->lanaddr, UPNP_DESC, "TCP", 0);
 #else
-                          state->lanaddr, UPNP_DESC, "TCP", 0, 0);
+                               state->lanaddr, UPNP_DESC, "TCP", 0, 0);
 #endif
-  if (r != UPNPCOMMAND_SUCCESS)
-    return UPNP_ERR_ADDPORTMAPPING;
 
-  options->upnp_status = 1;
-  return UPNP_ERR_SUCCESS;
+  return (retval == UPNP_ERR_SUCCESS) ? 0 : -1;
 }
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.h b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.h
index f037c75bab..b6c7ed8643 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.h
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper-upnp.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
   **/
 
 #ifdef MINIUPNPC
-#ifndef _TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H
-#define _TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H
+#ifndef TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H
+#define TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H
 
 #include <miniupnpc/miniwget.h>
 #include <miniupnpc/miniupnpc.h>
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ int tor_upnp_cleanup(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
 
 int tor_upnp_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
 
-int tor_upnp_add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
+int tor_upnp_add_tcp_mapping(uint16_t internal_port, uint16_t external_port,
+                             int is_verbose, void *backend_state);
 
 #endif
 #endif
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.c b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.c
index 0510e65d11..bb6e70aaa3 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "container.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <winsock2.h>
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ typedef struct backends_t {
   void *backend_state[MAX_BACKENDS];
 } backends_t;
 
-/** Initalize each backend helper with the user input stored in <b>options</b>
+/** Initialize each backend helper with the user input stored in <b>options</b>
  * and put the results in the <b>backends</b> struct. */
 static int
 init_backends(tor_fw_options_t *options, backends_t *backends)
@@ -94,13 +97,10 @@ usage(void)
 {
   fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper usage:\n"
           " [-h|--help]\n"
-          " [-T|--Test]\n"
+          " [-T|--test-commandline]\n"
           " [-v|--verbose]\n"
           " [-g|--fetch-public-ip]\n"
-          " -i|--internal-or-port [TCP port]\n"
-          " [-e|--external-or-port [TCP port]]\n"
-          " [-d|--internal-dir-port [TCP port]\n"
-          " [-p|--external-dir-port [TCP port]]]\n");
+          " [-p|--forward-port ([<external port>]:<internal port>)]\n");
 }
 
 /** Log commandline options to a hardcoded file <b>tor-fw-helper.log</b> in the
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ log_commandline_options(int argc, char **argv)
     if (retval < 0)
       goto error;
 
-    retval = fprintf(stdout, "ARG: %d: %s\n", i, argv[i]);
+    retval = fprintf(stderr, "ARG: %d: %s\n", i, argv[i]);
     if (retval < 0)
       goto error;
   }
@@ -152,82 +152,141 @@ tor_fw_fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
   int r = 0;
 
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: tor_fw_fetch_public_ip\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: tor_fw_fetch_public_ip\n");
 
   for (i=0; i<backends->n_backends; ++i) {
     if (tor_fw_options->verbose) {
-        fprintf(stdout, "V: running backend_state now: %i\n", i);
-        fprintf(stdout, "V: size of backend state: %u\n",
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: running backend_state now: %i\n", i);
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: size of backend state: %u\n",
                 (int)(backends->backend_ops)[i].state_len);
-        fprintf(stdout, "V: backend state name: %s\n",
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: backend state name: %s\n",
                 (char *)(backends->backend_ops)[i].name);
       }
     r = backends->backend_ops[i].fetch_public_ip(tor_fw_options,
                                                  backends->backend_state[i]);
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: tor_fw_fetch_public_ip backend %s "
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: tor_fw_fetch_public_ip backend %s "
             " returned: %i\n", (char *)(backends->backend_ops)[i].name, r);
   }
 }
 
-/** Iterate over each of the supported <b>backends</b> and attempt to add a
- * port forward for the OR port stored in <b>tor_fw_options</b>. */
+/** Print a spec-conformant string to stdout describing the results of
+ *  the TCP port forwarding operation from <b>external_port</b> to
+ *  <b>internal_port</b>. */
 static void
-tor_fw_add_or_port(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
-                       backends_t *backends)
+tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_results(uint16_t internal_port,
+                                     uint16_t external_port,
+                                     int succeded,
+                                     const char *message)
+{
+  char *report_string = NULL;
+
+  tor_asprintf(&report_string, "%s %s %u %u %s %s\n",
+               "tor-fw-helper",
+               "tcp-forward",
+               external_port, internal_port,
+               succeded ? "SUCCESS" : "FAIL",
+               message);
+  fprintf(stdout, "%s", report_string);
+  fflush(stdout);
+  tor_free(report_string);
+}
+
+#define tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_fail(i, e, m) \
+  tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_results((i), (e), 0, (m))
+
+#define tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_success(i, e, m) \
+  tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_results((i), (e), 1, (m))
+
+/** Return a heap-allocated string containing the list of our
+ *  backends. It can be used in log messages. Be sure to free it
+ *  afterwards! */
+static char *
+get_list_of_backends_string(backends_t *backends)
 {
+  char *backend_names = NULL;
   int i;
-  int r = 0;
+  smartlist_t *backend_names_sl = smartlist_new();
 
-  if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: tor_fw_add_or_port\n");
+  assert(backends->n_backends);
 
-  for (i=0; i<backends->n_backends; ++i) {
-    if (tor_fw_options->verbose) {
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: running backend_state now: %i\n", i);
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: size of backend state: %u\n",
-              (int)(backends->backend_ops)[i].state_len);
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: backend state name: %s\n",
-              (const char *) backends->backend_ops[i].name);
-    }
-    r = backends->backend_ops[i].add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options,
-                                                 backends->backend_state[i]);
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: tor_fw_add_or_port backend %s "
-            "returned: %i\n", (const char *) backends->backend_ops[i].name, r);
-  }
+  for (i=0; i<backends->n_backends; ++i)
+    smartlist_add(backend_names_sl, (char *) backends->backend_ops[i].name);
+
+  backend_names = smartlist_join_strings(backend_names_sl, ", ", 0, NULL);
+  smartlist_free(backend_names_sl);
+
+  return backend_names;
 }
 
 /** Iterate over each of the supported <b>backends</b> and attempt to add a
- * port forward for the Dir port stored in <b>tor_fw_options</b>. */
+ *  port forward for the port stored in <b>tor_fw_options</b>. */
 static void
-tor_fw_add_dir_port(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
-                       backends_t *backends)
+tor_fw_add_ports(tor_fw_options_t *tor_fw_options,
+                 backends_t *backends)
 {
   int i;
   int r = 0;
+  int succeeded = 0;
 
   if (tor_fw_options->verbose)
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: tor_fw_add_dir_port\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "V: %s\n", __func__);
 
-  for (i=0; i<backends->n_backends; ++i) {
-    if (tor_fw_options->verbose) {
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: running backend_state now: %i\n", i);
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: size of backend state: %u\n",
-              (int)(backends->backend_ops)[i].state_len);
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: backend state name: %s\n",
-              (char *)(backends->backend_ops)[i].name);
+  /** Loop all ports that need to be forwarded, and try to use our
+   *  backends for each port. If a backend succeeds, break the loop,
+   *  report success and get to the next port. If all backends fail,
+   *  report failure for that port. */
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(tor_fw_options->ports_to_forward,
+                          port_to_forward_t *, port_to_forward) {
+
+    succeeded = 0;
+
+    for (i=0; i<backends->n_backends; ++i) {
+      if (tor_fw_options->verbose) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: running backend_state now: %i\n", i);
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: size of backend state: %u\n",
+                (int)(backends->backend_ops)[i].state_len);
+        fprintf(stderr, "V: backend state name: %s\n",
+                (const char *) backends->backend_ops[i].name);
+      }
+
+      r =
+       backends->backend_ops[i].add_tcp_mapping(port_to_forward->internal_port,
+                                                port_to_forward->external_port,
+                                                tor_fw_options->verbose,
+                                                backends->backend_state[i]);
+      if (r == 0) { /* backend success */
+        tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_success(port_to_forward->internal_port,
+                                             port_to_forward->external_port,
+                                             backends->backend_ops[i].name);
+        succeeded = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: tor_fw_add_port backend %s "
+              "returned: %i\n",
+              (const char *) backends->backend_ops[i].name, r);
     }
-    r = backends->backend_ops[i].add_tcp_mapping(tor_fw_options,
-                                                 backends->backend_state[i]);
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: tor_fw_add_dir_port backend %s "
-            "returned: %i\n", (const char *)backends->backend_ops[i].name, r);
-  }
+
+    if (!succeeded) { /* all backends failed */
+      char *list_of_backends_str = get_list_of_backends_string(backends);
+      char *fail_msg = NULL;
+      tor_asprintf(&fail_msg, "All port forwarding backends (%s) failed.",
+                   list_of_backends_str);
+      tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_fail(port_to_forward->internal_port,
+                                        port_to_forward->external_port,
+                                        fail_msg);
+      tor_free(list_of_backends_str);
+      tor_free(fail_msg);
+    }
+
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port_to_forward);
 }
 
 /** Called before we make any calls to network-related functions.
  * (Some operating systems require their network libraries to be
  * initialized.) (from common/compat.c) */
 static int
-network_init(void)
+tor_fw_helper_network_init(void)
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32
   /* This silly exercise is necessary before windows will allow
@@ -247,6 +306,67 @@ network_init(void)
   return 0;
 }
 
+/** Parse the '-p' argument of tor-fw-helper. Its format is
+ *  [<external port>]:<internal port>, and <external port> is optional.
+ *  Return NULL if <b>arg</b> was c0rrupted. */
+static port_to_forward_t *
+parse_port(const char *arg)
+{
+  smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new();
+  port_to_forward_t *port_to_forward = NULL;
+  char *port_str = NULL;
+  int ok;
+  int port;
+
+  smartlist_split_string(sl, arg, ":", 0, 0);
+  if (smartlist_len(sl) != 2)
+    goto err;
+
+  port_to_forward = tor_malloc(sizeof(port_to_forward_t));
+  if (!port_to_forward)
+    goto err;
+
+  port_str = smartlist_get(sl, 0); /* macroify ? */
+  port = (int)tor_parse_long(port_str, 10, 1, 65535, &ok, NULL);
+  if (!ok && strlen(port_str)) /* ":1555" is valid */
+    goto err;
+  port_to_forward->external_port = port;
+
+  port_str = smartlist_get(sl, 1);
+  port = (int)tor_parse_long(port_str, 10, 1, 65535, &ok, NULL);
+  if (!ok)
+    goto err;
+  port_to_forward->internal_port = port;
+
+  goto done;
+
+ err:
+  tor_free(port_to_forward);
+
+ done:
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
+  smartlist_free(sl);
+
+  return port_to_forward;
+}
+
+/** Report a failure of epic proportions: We didn't manage to
+ *  initialize any port forwarding backends. */
+static void
+report_full_fail(const smartlist_t *ports_to_forward)
+{
+  if (!ports_to_forward)
+    return;
+
+  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(ports_to_forward,
+                          const port_to_forward_t *, port_to_forward) {
+    tor_fw_helper_report_port_fw_fail(port_to_forward->internal_port,
+                                      port_to_forward->external_port,
+                                      "All backends (NAT-PMP, UPnP) failed "
+                                      "to initialize!"); /* XXX hardcoded */
+  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port_to_forward);
+}
+
 int
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -259,22 +379,20 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
   memset(&tor_fw_options, 0, sizeof(tor_fw_options));
   memset(&backend_state, 0, sizeof(backend_state));
 
+  // Parse CLI arguments.
   while (1) {
     int option_index = 0;
     static struct option long_options[] =
       {
         {"verbose", 0, 0, 'v'},
         {"help", 0, 0, 'h'},
-        {"internal-or-port", 1, 0, 'i'},
-        {"external-or-port", 1, 0, 'e'},
-        {"internal-dir-port", 1, 0, 'd'},
-        {"external-dir-port", 1, 0, 'p'},
+        {"port", 1, 0, 'p'},
         {"fetch-public-ip", 0, 0, 'g'},
         {"test-commandline", 0, 0, 'T'},
         {0, 0, 0, 0}
       };
 
-    c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "vhi:e:d:p:gT",
+    c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "vhp:gT",
                     long_options, &option_index);
     if (c == -1)
       break;
@@ -282,14 +400,31 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
     switch (c) {
       case 'v': tor_fw_options.verbose = 1; break;
       case 'h': tor_fw_options.help = 1; usage(); exit(1); break;
-      case 'i': sscanf(optarg, "%hu", &tor_fw_options.private_or_port);
-        break;
-      case 'e': sscanf(optarg, "%hu", &tor_fw_options.public_or_port);
-        break;
-      case 'd': sscanf(optarg, "%hu", &tor_fw_options.private_dir_port);
-        break;
-      case 'p': sscanf(optarg, "%hu", &tor_fw_options.public_dir_port);
+      case 'p': {
+        port_to_forward_t *port_to_forward = parse_port(optarg);
+        if (!port_to_forward) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "E: Failed to parse '%s'.\n", optarg);
+          usage();
+          exit(1);
+        }
+
+        /* If no external port was given (it's optional), set it to be
+         * equal with the internal port. */
+        if (!port_to_forward->external_port) {
+          assert(port_to_forward->internal_port);
+          if (tor_fw_options.verbose)
+            fprintf(stderr, "V: No external port was given. Setting to %u.\n",
+                    port_to_forward->internal_port);
+          port_to_forward->external_port = port_to_forward->internal_port;
+        }
+
+        if (!tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward)
+          tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward = smartlist_new();
+
+        smartlist_add(tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward, port_to_forward);
+
         break;
+      }
       case 'g': tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip = 1; break;
       case 'T': tor_fw_options.test_commandline = 1; break;
       case '?': break;
@@ -297,98 +432,68 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
   }
 
-  if (tor_fw_options.verbose) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "V: tor-fw-helper version %s\n"
-            "V: We were called with the following arguments:\n"
-            "V: verbose = %d, help = %d, pub or port = %u, "
-            "priv or port = %u\n"
-            "V: pub dir port =  %u, priv dir port = %u\n"
-            "V: fetch_public_ip = %u\n",
-            tor_fw_version, tor_fw_options.verbose, tor_fw_options.help,
-            tor_fw_options.private_or_port, tor_fw_options.public_or_port,
-            tor_fw_options.private_dir_port, tor_fw_options.public_dir_port,
-            tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip);
+  { // Verbose output
+
+    if (tor_fw_options.verbose)
+      fprintf(stderr, "V: tor-fw-helper version %s\n"
+              "V: We were called with the following arguments:\n"
+              "V: verbose = %d, help = %d, fetch_public_ip = %u\n",
+              tor_fw_version, tor_fw_options.verbose, tor_fw_options.help,
+              tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip);
+
+    if (tor_fw_options.verbose && tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "V: TCP forwarding:\n");
+      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward,
+                        const port_to_forward_t *, port_to_forward,
+                        fprintf(stderr, "V: External: %u, Internal: %u\n",
+                                port_to_forward->external_port,
+                                port_to_forward->internal_port));
+    }
   }
 
   if (tor_fw_options.test_commandline) {
     return log_commandline_options(argc, argv);
   }
 
-  /* At the very least, we require an ORPort;
-     Given a private ORPort, we can ask for a mapping that matches the port
-     externally.
-  */
-  if (!tor_fw_options.private_or_port && !tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "E: We require an ORPort or fetch_public_ip"
-            " request!\n");
+  // See if the user actually wants us to do something.
+  if (!tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip && !tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "E: We require a port to be forwarded or "
+            "fetch_public_ip request!\n");
     usage();
     exit(1);
-  } else {
-    /* When we only have one ORPort, internal/external are
-       set to be the same.*/
-    if (!tor_fw_options.public_or_port && tor_fw_options.private_or_port) {
-      if (tor_fw_options.verbose)
-        fprintf(stdout, "V: We're setting public_or_port = "
-                "private_or_port.\n");
-      tor_fw_options.public_or_port = tor_fw_options.private_or_port;
-    }
-  }
-  if (!tor_fw_options.private_dir_port) {
-    if (tor_fw_options.verbose)
-      fprintf(stdout, "V: We have no DirPort; no hole punching for "
-              "DirPorts\n");
-
-  } else {
-    /* When we only have one DirPort, internal/external are
-       set to be the same.*/
-    if (!tor_fw_options.public_dir_port && tor_fw_options.private_dir_port) {
-      if (tor_fw_options.verbose)
-        fprintf(stdout, "V: We're setting public_or_port = "
-                "private_or_port.\n");
-
-      tor_fw_options.public_dir_port = tor_fw_options.private_dir_port;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (tor_fw_options.verbose) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "V: pub or port = %u, priv or port = %u\n"
-            "V: pub dir port =  %u, priv dir port = %u\n",
-            tor_fw_options.private_or_port, tor_fw_options.public_or_port,
-            tor_fw_options.private_dir_port,
-            tor_fw_options.public_dir_port);
   }
 
   // Initialize networking
-  if (network_init())
+  if (tor_fw_helper_network_init())
     exit(1);
 
   // Initalize the various fw-helper backend helpers
   r = init_backends(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
-  if (r)
-    printf("tor-fw-helper: %i NAT traversal helper(s) loaded\n", r);
-
-  if (tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip) {
-    tor_fw_fetch_public_ip(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
+  if (!r) { // all backends failed:
+    // report our failure
+    report_full_fail(tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward);
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: All backends failed.\n");
+    exit(1);
+  } else { // some backends succeeded:
+    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: %i NAT traversal helper(s) loaded\n", r);
   }
 
-  if (tor_fw_options.private_or_port) {
-    tor_fw_options.internal_port = tor_fw_options.private_or_port;
-    tor_fw_options.external_port = tor_fw_options.private_or_port;
-    tor_fw_add_or_port(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
+  // Forward TCP ports.
+  if (tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward) {
+    tor_fw_add_ports(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
   }
 
-  if (tor_fw_options.private_dir_port) {
-    tor_fw_options.internal_port = tor_fw_options.private_dir_port;
-    tor_fw_options.external_port = tor_fw_options.private_dir_port;
-    tor_fw_add_dir_port(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
+  // Fetch our public IP.
+  if (tor_fw_options.fetch_public_ip) {
+    tor_fw_fetch_public_ip(&tor_fw_options, &backend_state);
   }
 
-  r = (((tor_fw_options.nat_pmp_status | tor_fw_options.upnp_status)
-        |tor_fw_options.public_ip_status));
-  if (r > 0) {
-    fprintf(stdout, "tor-fw-helper: SUCCESS\n");
-  } else {
-    fprintf(stderr, "tor-fw-helper: FAILURE\n");
+  // Cleanup and exit.
+  if (tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward) {
+    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward,
+                      port_to_forward_t *, port,
+                      tor_free(port));
+    smartlist_free(tor_fw_options.ports_to_forward);
   }
 
   exit(r);
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.h b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.h
index 058afc4e09..0b0d179935 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.h
+++ b/src/tools/tor-fw-helper/tor-fw-helper.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2010, Jacob Appelbaum, Steven J. Murdoch.
- * Copyright (c) 2010-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 /**
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
   * \brief The main header for our firewall helper.
   **/
 
-#ifndef _TOR_FW_HELPER_H
-#define _TOR_FW_HELPER_H
+#ifndef TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_H
+#define TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_H
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -17,24 +17,26 @@
 #include <time.h>
 
 /** The current version of tor-fw-helper. */
-#define tor_fw_version "0.1"
+#define tor_fw_version "0.2"
 
 /** This is an arbitrary hard limit - We currently have two (NAT-PMP and UPnP).
  We're likely going to add the Intel UPnP library but nothing else comes to
  mind at the moment. */
 #define MAX_BACKENDS 23
 
+/** Forward traffic received in port <b>external_port</b> in the
+ *  external side of our NAT to <b>internal_port</b> in this host. */
+typedef struct {
+  uint16_t external_port;
+  uint16_t internal_port;
+} port_to_forward_t;
+
 /** This is where we store parsed commandline options. */
 typedef struct {
   int verbose;
   int help;
   int test_commandline;
-  uint16_t private_dir_port;
-  uint16_t private_or_port;
-  uint16_t public_dir_port;
-  uint16_t public_or_port;
-  uint16_t internal_port;
-  uint16_t external_port;
+  struct smartlist_t *ports_to_forward;
   int fetch_public_ip;
   int nat_pmp_status;
   int upnp_status;
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ typedef struct tor_fw_backend_t {
   int (*init)(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
   int (*cleanup)(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
   int (*fetch_public_ip)(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
-  int (*add_tcp_mapping)(tor_fw_options_t *options, void *backend_state);
+  int (*add_tcp_mapping)(uint16_t internal_port, uint16_t external_port,
+                         int is_verbose, void *backend_state);
 } tor_fw_backend_t;
-
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-gencert.c b/src/tools/tor-gencert.c
index c7ab8dc615..3809b22d43 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-gencert.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-gencert.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. */
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
@@ -82,10 +82,11 @@ crypto_log_errors(int severity, const char *doing)
     if (!lib) lib = "(null)";
     if (!func) func = "(null)";
     if (doing) {
-      log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error while %s: %s (in %s:%s)",
-          doing, msg, lib, func);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error while %s: %s (in %s:%s)",
+              doing, msg, lib, func);
     } else {
-      log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error: %s (in %s:%s)", msg, lib, func);
+      tor_log(severity, LD_CRYPTO, "crypto error: %s (in %s:%s)",
+              msg, lib, func);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ generate_key(int bits)
   crypto_pk_t *env = crypto_pk_new();
   if (crypto_pk_generate_key_with_bits(env,bits)<0)
     goto done;
-  rsa = _crypto_pk_get_rsa(env);
+  rsa = crypto_pk_get_rsa_(env);
   rsa = RSAPrivateKey_dup(rsa);
  done:
   crypto_pk_free(env);
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ static int
 get_fingerprint(EVP_PKEY *pkey, char *out)
 {
   int r = 1;
-  crypto_pk_t *pk = _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
+  crypto_pk_t *pk = crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
   if (pk) {
     r = crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(pk, out, 0);
     crypto_pk_free(pk);
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ static int
 get_digest(EVP_PKEY *pkey, char *out)
 {
   int r = 1;
-  crypto_pk_t *pk = _crypto_new_pk_from_rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
+  crypto_pk_t *pk = crypto_new_pk_from_rsa_(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
   if (pk) {
     r = crypto_pk_get_digest(pk, out);
     crypto_pk_free(pk);
diff --git a/src/tools/tor-resolve.c b/src/tools/tor-resolve.c
index 4ef84f491c..306f6c66ab 100644
--- a/src/tools/tor-resolve.c
+++ b/src/tools/tor-resolve.c
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 /* Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc.
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, The Tor Project, Inc.
  */
 /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 
 #include "orconfig.h"
-
 #include "compat.h"
 #include "../common/util.h"
 #include "address.h"
@@ -74,23 +73,29 @@ build_socks_resolve_request(char **out,
     memcpy((*out)+8+strlen(username)+1, hostname, strlen(hostname)+1);
   } else if (version == 5) {
     int is_ip_address;
-    struct in_addr in;
+    tor_addr_t addr;
     size_t addrlen;
-    is_ip_address = tor_inet_aton(hostname, &in);
+    int ipv6;
+    is_ip_address = tor_addr_parse(&addr, hostname) != -1;
     if (!is_ip_address && reverse) {
       log_err(LD_GENERAL, "Tried to do a reverse lookup on a non-IP!");
       return -1;
     }
-    addrlen = reverse ? 4 : 1 + strlen(hostname);
+    ipv6 = reverse && tor_addr_family(&addr) == AF_INET6;
+    addrlen = reverse ? (ipv6 ? 16 : 4) : 1 + strlen(hostname);
     len = 6 + addrlen;
     *out = tor_malloc(len);
     (*out)[0] = 5; /* SOCKS version 5 */
     (*out)[1] = reverse ? '\xF1' : '\xF0'; /* RESOLVE_PTR or RESOLVE */
     (*out)[2] = 0; /* reserved. */
-    (*out)[3] = reverse ? 1 : 3;
     if (reverse) {
-      set_uint32((*out)+4, in.s_addr);
+      (*out)[3] = ipv6 ? 4 : 1;
+      if (ipv6)
+        memcpy((*out)+4, tor_addr_to_in6_addr8(&addr), 16);
+      else
+        set_uint32((*out)+4, tor_addr_to_ipv4n(&addr));
     } else {
+      (*out)[3] = 3;
       (*out)[4] = (char)(uint8_t)(addrlen - 1);
       memcpy((*out)+5, hostname, addrlen - 1);
     }
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ build_socks_resolve_request(char **out,
 static int
 parse_socks4a_resolve_response(const char *hostname,
                                const char *response, size_t len,
-                               uint32_t *addr_out)
+                               tor_addr_t *addr_out)
 {
   uint8_t status;
   tor_assert(response);
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ parse_socks4a_resolve_response(const char *hostname,
     return -1;
   }
 
-  *addr_out = ntohl(get_uint32(response+4));
+  tor_addr_from_ipv4n(addr_out, get_uint32(response+4));
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -179,9 +184,9 @@ socks5_reason_to_string(char reason)
 static int
 do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
            int reverse, int version,
-           uint32_t *result_addr, char **result_hostname)
+           tor_addr_t *result_addr, char **result_hostname)
 {
-  int s;
+  int s = -1;
   struct sockaddr_in socksaddr;
   char *req = NULL;
   ssize_t len = 0;
@@ -190,7 +195,7 @@ do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
   tor_assert(result_addr);
   tor_assert(version == 4 || version == 5);
 
-  *result_addr = 0;
+  tor_addr_make_unspec(result_addr);
   *result_hostname = NULL;
 
   s = tor_open_socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);
@@ -205,28 +210,28 @@ do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
   socksaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(sockshost);
   if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)&socksaddr, sizeof(socksaddr))) {
     log_sock_error("connecting to SOCKS host", s);
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
 
   if (version == 5) {
     char method_buf[2];
     if (write_all(s, "\x05\x01\x00", 3, 1) != 3) {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Error sending SOCKS5 method list.");
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (read_all(s, method_buf, 2, 1) != 2) {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading SOCKS5 methods.");
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (method_buf[0] != '\x05') {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Unrecognized socks version: %u",
               (unsigned)method_buf[0]);
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (method_buf[1] != '\x00') {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Unrecognized socks authentication method: %u",
               (unsigned)method_buf[1]);
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
   }
 
@@ -234,12 +239,12 @@ do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
                                          version))<0) {
     log_err(LD_BUG,"Error generating SOCKS request");
     tor_assert(!req);
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
   if (write_all(s, req, len, 1) != len) {
     log_sock_error("sending SOCKS request", s);
     tor_free(req);
-    return -1;
+    goto err;
   }
   tor_free(req);
 
@@ -247,22 +252,22 @@ do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
     char reply_buf[RESPONSE_LEN_4];
     if (read_all(s, reply_buf, RESPONSE_LEN_4, 1) != RESPONSE_LEN_4) {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading SOCKS4 response.");
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (parse_socks4a_resolve_response(hostname,
                                        reply_buf, RESPONSE_LEN_4,
                                        result_addr)<0) {
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
   } else {
-    char reply_buf[4];
+    char reply_buf[16];
     if (read_all(s, reply_buf, 4, 1) != 4) {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading SOCKS5 response.");
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (reply_buf[0] != 5) {
       log_err(LD_NET, "Bad SOCKS5 reply version.");
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     /* Give a user some useful feedback about SOCKS5 errors */
     if (reply_buf[1] != 0) {
@@ -276,32 +281,44 @@ do_resolve(const char *hostname, uint32_t sockshost, uint16_t socksport,
             "to Tor; we suggest an application that uses SOCKS 4a.",
             hostname);
       }
-      return -1;
+      goto err;
     }
     if (reply_buf[3] == 1) {
       /* IPv4 address */
       if (read_all(s, reply_buf, 4, 1) != 4) {
         log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading address in socks5 response.");
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
+      }
+      tor_addr_from_ipv4n(result_addr, get_uint32(reply_buf));
+    } else if (reply_buf[3] == 4) {
+      /* IPv6 address */
+      if (read_all(s, reply_buf, 16, 1) != 16) {
+        log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading address in socks5 response.");
+        goto err;
       }
-      *result_addr = ntohl(get_uint32(reply_buf));
+      tor_addr_from_ipv6_bytes(result_addr, reply_buf);
     } else if (reply_buf[3] == 3) {
+      /* Domain name */
       size_t result_len;
       if (read_all(s, reply_buf, 1, 1) != 1) {
         log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading address_length in socks5 response.");
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
       }
       result_len = *(uint8_t*)(reply_buf);
       *result_hostname = tor_malloc(result_len+1);
       if (read_all(s, *result_hostname, result_len, 1) != (int) result_len) {
         log_err(LD_NET, "Error reading hostname in socks5 response.");
-        return -1;
+        goto err;
       }
       (*result_hostname)[result_len] = '\0';
     }
   }
 
+  tor_close_socket(s);
   return 0;
+ err:
+  tor_close_socket(s);
+  return -1;
 }
 
 /** Print a usage message and exit. */
@@ -322,10 +339,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
   int isSocks4 = 0, isVerbose = 0, isReverse = 0;
   char **arg;
   int n_args;
-  struct in_addr a;
-  uint32_t result = 0;
+  tor_addr_t result;
   char *result_hostname = NULL;
-  char buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN];
   log_severity_list_t *s = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(log_severity_list_t));
 
   init_logging();
@@ -423,9 +438,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
   if (result_hostname) {
     printf("%s\n", result_hostname);
   } else {
-    a.s_addr = htonl(result);
-    tor_inet_ntoa(&a, buf, sizeof(buf));
-    printf("%s\n", buf);
+    printf("%s\n", fmt_addr(&result));
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/win32/Makefile.am b/src/win32/Makefile.am
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f5d742481..0000000000
--- a/src/win32/Makefile.am
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-
-EXTRA_DIST = orconfig.h
-
diff --git a/src/win32/include.am b/src/win32/include.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dad59af3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/win32/include.am
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+
+EXTRA_DIST+= src/win32/orconfig.h
+
diff --git a/src/win32/orconfig.h b/src/win32/orconfig.h
index d780d5d73d..9e0a41a47d 100644
--- a/src/win32/orconfig.h
+++ b/src/win32/orconfig.h
@@ -145,9 +145,15 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <unistd.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_UNISTD_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the `_vscprintf' function. */
+#define HAVE__VSCPRINTF 1
+
 /* Define to 1 iff NULL is represented by a 0 in memory. */
 #define NULL_REP_IS_ZERO_BYTES 1
 
+/* Define to 1 iff memset(0) sets doubles to 0.0 */
+#define DOUBLE_0_REP_IS_ZERO_BYTES 1
+
 /* Name of package */
 #define PACKAGE "tor"
 
@@ -190,6 +196,9 @@
 /* The size of a `long long', as computed by sizeof. */
 #undef SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
 
+/* The size of `pid_t', as computed by sizeof. */
+#define SIZEOF_PID_T 0
+
 /* The size of a `short', as computed by sizeof. */
 #define SIZEOF_SHORT 2
 
@@ -232,7 +241,7 @@
 #define USING_TWOS_COMPLEMENT
 
 /* Version number of package */
-#define VERSION "0.2.3.18-rc-dev"
+#define VERSION "0.2.4.22-dev"
 
 
 
@@ -242,3 +251,9 @@
 #define FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER 0
 #define HAVE_EVENT2_EVENT_H
 #define SHARE_DATADIR ""
+#define HAVE_EVENT2_DNS_H
+#define HAVE_EVENT_BASE_LOOPEXIT
+#define CURVE25519_ENABLED
+#define USE_CURVE25519_DONNA
+
+#define ENUM_VALS_ARE_SIGNED 1