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diff --git a/doc/spec/proposals/105-handshake-revision.txt b/doc/spec/proposals/105-handshake-revision.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 791a016c26..0000000000 --- a/doc/spec/proposals/105-handshake-revision.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,323 +0,0 @@ -Filename: 105-handshake-revision.txt -Title: Version negotiation for the Tor protocol. -Author: Nick Mathewson, Roger Dingledine -Created: Jan 2007 -Status: Closed -Implemented-In: 0.2.0.x - -Overview: - - This document was extracted from a modified version of tor-spec.txt that we - had written before the proposal system went into place. It adds two new - cells types to the Tor link connection setup handshake: one used for - version negotiation, and another to prevent MITM attacks. - - This proposal is partially implemented, and partially proceded by - proposal 130. - -Motivation: Tor versions - - Our *current* approach to versioning the Tor protocol(s) has been as - follows: - - All changes must be backward compatible. - - It's okay to add new cell types, if they would be ignored by previous - versions of Tor. - - It's okay to add new data elements to cells, if they would be - ignored by previous versions of Tor. - - For forward compatibility, Tor must ignore cell types it doesn't - recognize, and ignore data in those cells it doesn't expect. - - Clients can inspect the version of Tor declared in the platform line - of a router's descriptor, and use that to learn whether a server - supports a given feature. Servers, however, aren't assumed to all - know about each other, and so don't know the version of who they're - talking to. - - This system has these problems: - - It's very hard to change fundamental aspects of the protocol, like the - cell format, the link protocol, any of the various encryption schemes, - and so on. - - The router-to-router link protocol has remained more-or-less frozen - for a long time, since we can't easily have an OR use new features - unless it knows the other OR will understand them. - - We need to resolve these problems because: - - Our cipher suite is showing its age: SHA1/AES128/RSA1024/DH1024 will - not seem like the best idea for all time. - - There are many ideas circulating for multiple cell sizes; while it's - not obvious whether these are safe, we can't do them at all without a - mechanism to permit them. - - There are many ideas circulating for alternative circuit building and - cell relay rules: they don't work unless they can coexist in the - current network. - - If our protocol changes a lot, it's hard to describe any coherent - version of it: we need to say "the version that Tor versions W through - X use when talking to versions Y through Z". This makes analysis - harder. - -Motivation: Preventing MITM attacks - - TLS prevents a man-in-the-middle attacker from reading or changing the - contents of a communication. It does not, however, prevent such an - attacker from observing timing information. Since timing attacks are some - of the most effective against low-latency anonymity nets like Tor, we - should take more care to make sure that we're not only talking to who - we think we're talking to, but that we're using the network path we - believe we're using. - -Motivation: Signed clock information - - It's very useful for Tor instances to know how skewed they are relative - to one another. The only way to find out currently has been to download - directory information, and check the Date header--but this is not - authenticated, and hence subject to modification on the wire. Using - BEGIN_DIR to create an authenticated directory stream through an existing - circuit is better, but that's an extra step and it might be nicer to - learn the information in the course of the regular protocol. - -Proposal: - -1.0. Version numbers - - The node-to-node TLS-based "OR connection" protocol and the multi-hop - "circuit" protocol are versioned quasi-independently. - - Of course, some dependencies will continue to exist: Certain versions - of the circuit protocol may require a minimum version of the connection - protocol to be used. The connection protocol affects: - - Initial connection setup, link encryption, transport guarantees, - etc. - - The allowable set of cell commands - - Allowable formats for cells. - - The circuit protocol determines: - - How circuits are established and maintained - - How cells are decrypted and relayed - - How streams are established and maintained. - - Version numbers are incremented for backward-incompatible protocol changes - only. Backward-compatible changes are generally implemented by adding - additional fields to existing structures; implementations MUST ignore - fields they do not expect. Unused portions of cells MUST be set to zero. - - Though versioning the protocol will make it easier to maintain backward - compatibility with older versions of Tor, we will nevertheless continue to - periodically drop support for older protocols, - - to keep the implementation from growing without bound, - - to limit the maintenance burden of patching bugs in obsolete Tors, - - to limit the testing burden of verifying that many old protocol - versions continue to be implemented properly, and - - to limit the exposure of the network to protocol versions that are - expensive to support. - - The Tor protocol as implemented through the 0.1.2.x Tor series will be - called "version 1" in its link protocol and "version 1" in its relay - protocol. Versions of the Tor protocol so old as to be incompatible with - Tor 0.1.2.x can be considered to be version 0 of each, and are not - supported. - -2.1. VERSIONS cells - - When a Tor connection is established, both parties normally send a - VERSIONS cell before sending any other cells. (But see below.) - - VersionsLen [2 byte] - Versions [VersionsLen bytes] - - "Versions" is a sequence of VersionsLen bytes. Each value between 1 and - 127 inclusive represents a single version; current implementations MUST - ignore other bytes. Parties should list all of the versions which they - are able and willing to support. Parties can only communicate if they - have some connection protocol version in common. - - Version 0.2.0.x-alpha and earlier don't understand VERSIONS cells, - and therefore don't support version negotiation. Thus, waiting until - the other side has sent a VERSIONS cell won't work for these servers: - if the other side sends no cells back, it is impossible to tell - whether they - have sent a VERSIONS cell that has been stalled, or whether they have - dropped our own VERSIONS cell as unrecognized. Therefore, we'll - change the TLS negotiation parameters so that old parties can still - negotiate, but new parties can recognize each other. Immediately - after a TLS connection has been established, the parties check - whether the other side negotiated the connection in an "old" way or a - "new" way. If either party negotiated in the "old" way, we assume a - v1 connection. Otherwise, both parties send VERSIONS cells listing - all their supported versions. Upon receiving the other party's - VERSIONS cell, the implementation begins using the highest-valued - version common to both cells. If the first cell from the other party - has a recognized command, and is _not_ a VERSIONS cell, we assume a - v1 protocol. - - (For more detail on the TLS protocol change, see forthcoming draft - proposals from Steven Murdoch.) - - Implementations MUST discard VERSIONS cells that are not the first - recognized cells sent on a connection. - - The VERSIONS cell must be sent as a v1 cell (2 bytes of circuitID, 1 - byte of command, 509 bytes of payload). - - [NOTE: The VERSIONS cell is assigned the command number 7.] - -2.2. MITM-prevention and time checking - - If we negotiate a v2 connection or higher, the second cell we send SHOULD - be a NETINFO cell. Implementations SHOULD NOT send NETINFO cells at other - times. - - A NETINFO cell contains: - Timestamp [4 bytes] - Other OR's address [variable] - Number of addresses [1 byte] - This OR's addresses [variable] - - Timestamp is the OR's current Unix time, in seconds since the epoch. If - an implementation receives time values from many ORs that - indicate that its clock is skewed, it SHOULD try to warn the - administrator. (We leave the definition of 'many' intentionally vague - for now.) - - Before believing the timestamp in a NETINFO cell, implementations - SHOULD compare the time at which they received the cell to the time - when they sent their VERSIONS cell. If the difference is very large, - it is likely that the cell was delayed long enough that its - contents are out of date. - - Each address contains Type/Length/Value as used in Section 6.4 of - tor-spec.txt. The first address is the one that the party sending - the NETINFO cell believes the other has -- it can be used to learn - what your IP address is if you have no other hints. - The rest of the addresses are the advertised addresses of the party - sending the NETINFO cell -- we include them - to block a man-in-the-middle attack on TLS that lets an attacker bounce - traffic through his own computers to enable timing and packet-counting - attacks. - - A Tor instance should use the other Tor's reported address - information as part of logic to decide whether to treat a given - connection as suitable for extending circuits to a given address/ID - combination. When we get an extend request, we use an - existing OR connection if the ID matches, and ANY of the following - conditions hold: - - The IP matches the requested IP. - - We know that the IP we're using is canonical because it was - listed in the NETINFO cell. - - We know that the IP we're using is canonical because it was - listed in the server descriptor. - - [NOTE: The NETINFO cell is assigned the command number 8.] - -Discussion: Versions versus feature lists - - Many protocols negotiate lists of available features instead of (or in - addition to) protocol versions. While it's possible that some amount of - feature negotiation could be supported in a later Tor, we should prefer to - use protocol versions whenever possible, for reasons discussed in - the "Anonymity Loves Company" paper. - -Discussion: Bytes per version, versions per cell - - This document provides for a one-byte count of how many versions a Tor - supports, and allows one byte per version. Thus, it can only support only - 254 more versions of the protocol beyond the unallocated v0 and the - current v1. If we ever need to split the protocol into 255 incompatible - versions, we've probably screwed up badly somewhere. - - Nevertheless, here are two ways we could support more versions: - - Change the version count to a two-byte field that counts the number of - _bytes_ used, and use a UTF8-style encoding: versions 0 through 127 - take one byte to encode, versions 128 through 2047 take two bytes to - encode, and so on. We wouldn't need to parse any version higher than - 127 right now, since all bytes used to encode higher versions would - have their high bit set. - - We'd still have a limit of 380 simultaneously versions that could be - declared in any version. This is probably okay. - - - Decide that if we need to support more versions, we can add a - MOREVERSIONS cell that gets sent before the VERSIONS cell. The spec - above requires Tors to ignore unrecognized cell types that they get - before the first VERSIONS cell, and still allows version negotiation - to - succeed. - - [Resolution: Reserve the high bit and the v0 value for later use. If - we ever have more live versions than we can fit in a cell, we've made a - bad design decision somewhere along the line.] - -Discussion: Reducing round-trips - - It might be appealing to see if we can cram more information in the - initial VERSIONS cell. For example, the contents of NETINFO will pretty - soon be sent by everybody before any more information is exchanged, but - decoupling them from the version exchange increases round-trips. - - Instead, we could speculatively include handshaking information at - the end of a VERSIONS cell, wrapped in a marker to indicate, "if we wind - up speaking VERSION 2, here's the NETINFO I'll send. Otherwise, ignore - this." This could be extended to opportunistically reduce round trips - when possible for future versions when we guess the versions right. - - Of course, we'd need to be careful about using a feature like this: - - We don't want to include things that are expensive to compute, - like PK signatures or proof-of-work. - - We don't want to speculate as a mobile client: it may leak our - experience with the server in question. - -Discussion: Advertising versions in routerdescs and networkstatuses. - - In network-statuses: - - The networkstatus "v" line now has the format: - "v" IMPLEMENTATION IMPL-VERSION "Link" LINK-VERSION-LIST - "Circuit" CIRCUIT-VERSION-LIST NL - - LINK-VERSION-LIST and CIRCUIT-VERSION-LIST are comma-separated lists of - supported version numbers. IMPLEMENTATION is the name of the - implementation of the Tor protocol (e.g., "Tor"), and IMPL-VERSION is the - version of the implementation. - - Examples: - v Tor 0.2.5.1-alpha Link 1,2,3 Circuit 2,5 - - v OtherOR 2000+ Link 3 Circuit 5 - - Implementations that release independently of the Tor codebase SHOULD NOT - use "Tor" as the value of their IMPLEMENTATION. - - Additional fields on the "v" line MUST be ignored. - - In router descriptors: - - The router descriptor should contain a line of the form, - "protocols" "Link" LINK-VERSION-LIST "Circuit" CIRCUIT_VERSION_LIST - - Additional fields on the "protocols" line MUST be ignored. - - [Versions of Tor before 0.1.2.5-alpha rejected router descriptors with - unrecognized items; the protocols line should be preceded with an "opt" - until these Tors are obsolete.] - -Security issues: - - Client partitioning is the big danger when we introduce new versions; if a - client supports some very unusual set of protocol versions, it will stand - out from others no matter where it goes. If a server supports an unusual - version, it will get a disproportionate amount of traffic from clients who - prefer that version. We can mitigate this somewhat as follows: - - - Do not have clients prefer any protocol version by default until that - version is widespread. (First introduce the new version to servers, - and have clients admit to using it only when configured to do so for - testing. Then, once many servers are running the new protocol - version, enable its use by default.) - - - Do not multiply protocol versions needlessly. - - - Encourage protocol implementors to implement the same protocol version - sets as some popular version of Tor. - - - Disrecommend very old/unpopular versions of Tor via the directory - authorities' RecommmendedVersions mechanism, even if it is still - technically possible to use them. - |