diff options
-rw-r--r-- | changes/bug2385 | 9 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | changes/bug4195 | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | configure.in | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | contrib/tor-mingw.nsi.in | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/common/util.c | 161 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/common/util.h | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/or/config.c | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/or/rendclient.c | 46 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/or/rendservice.c | 506 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/or/rendservice.h | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/or/rephist.c | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/test/test_util.c | 75 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/win32/orconfig.h | 2 |
13 files changed, 577 insertions, 243 deletions
diff --git a/changes/bug2385 b/changes/bug2385 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d571d910f --- /dev/null +++ b/changes/bug2385 @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + o Minor features (security): + - Clear keys and key-derived material left on the stack in + rendservice.c and rendclient.c. This should make us more + forward-secure against cold-boot attacks and the like. Fix for + bug 2385. + + - Check return value of crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string() in + end_service_load_keys(). This should make us more forward-secure + against cold-boot attacks and the like. Fix for bug 2385. diff --git a/changes/bug4195 b/changes/bug4195 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2e7a724871 --- /dev/null +++ b/changes/bug4195 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + o Minor features: + - Enhance our internal sscanf replacement so that we can eliminate + the last remaining uses of the system sscanf. (Though those uses + of sscanf were safe, sscanf itself is generally error prone, so + we want to eliminate when we can.) Fixes ticket 4195 and Coverity + CID 448. diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in index 556bb661a1..148edd4d69 100644 --- a/configure.in +++ b/configure.in @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ dnl Copyright (c) 2007-2012, The Tor Project, Inc. dnl See LICENSE for licensing information AC_INIT -AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(tor, 0.2.3.17-beta-dev) +AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(tor, 0.2.4.0-alpha-dev) AM_CONFIG_HEADER(orconfig.h) AC_CANONICAL_HOST diff --git a/contrib/tor-mingw.nsi.in b/contrib/tor-mingw.nsi.in index 6643925cef..2d6d1dbe53 100644 --- a/contrib/tor-mingw.nsi.in +++ b/contrib/tor-mingw.nsi.in @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ !include "LogicLib.nsh" !include "FileFunc.nsh" !insertmacro GetParameters -!define VERSION "0.2.3.17-beta-dev" +!define VERSION "0.2.4.0-alpha-dev" !define INSTALLER "tor-${VERSION}-win32.exe" !define WEBSITE "https://www.torproject.org/" !define LICENSE "LICENSE" diff --git a/src/common/util.c b/src/common/util.c index 51d932146d..099cdd304c 100644 --- a/src/common/util.c +++ b/src/common/util.c @@ -655,6 +655,16 @@ fast_memcmpstart(const void *mem, size_t memlen, return fast_memcmp(mem, prefix, plen); } +/** Given a nul-terminated string s, set every character before the nul + * to zero. */ +void +tor_strclear(char *s) +{ + while (*s) { + *s++ = '\0'; + } +} + /** Return a pointer to the first char of s that is not whitespace and * not a comment, or to the terminating NUL if no such character exists. */ @@ -2684,9 +2694,9 @@ digit_to_num(char d) * success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the next * character, and return 0. On failure, return -1. */ static int -scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base) +scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned long *out, int width, int base) { - unsigned result = 0; + unsigned long result = 0; int scanned_so_far = 0; const int hex = base==16; tor_assert(base == 10 || base == 16); @@ -2698,8 +2708,8 @@ scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base) while (**bufp && (hex?TOR_ISXDIGIT(**bufp):TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp)) && scanned_so_far < width) { int digit = hex?hex_decode_digit(*(*bufp)++):digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++); - unsigned new_result = result * base + digit; - if (new_result > UINT32_MAX || new_result < result) + unsigned long new_result = result * base + digit; + if (new_result < result) return -1; /* over/underflow. */ result = new_result; ++scanned_so_far; @@ -2712,6 +2722,89 @@ scan_unsigned(const char **bufp, unsigned *out, int width, int base) return 0; } +/** Helper: Read an signed int from *<b>bufp</b> of up to <b>width</b> + * characters. (Handle arbitrary width if <b>width</b> is less than 0.) On + * success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the next + * character, and return 0. On failure, return -1. */ +static int +scan_signed(const char **bufp, long *out, int width) +{ + int neg = 0; + unsigned long result = 0; + + if (!bufp || !*bufp || !out) + return -1; + if (width<0) + width=MAX_SCANF_WIDTH; + + if (**bufp == '-') { + neg = 1; + ++*bufp; + --width; + } + + if (scan_unsigned(bufp, &result, width, 10) < 0) + return -1; + + if (neg) { + if (result > ((unsigned long)LONG_MAX) + 1) + return -1; /* Underflow */ + *out = -(long)result; + } else { + if (result > LONG_MAX) + return -1; /* Overflow */ + *out = (long)result; + } + + return 0; +} + +/** Helper: Read a decimal-formatted double from *<b>bufp</b> of up to + * <b>width</b> characters. (Handle arbitrary width if <b>width</b> is less + * than 0.) On success, store the result in <b>out</b>, advance bufp to the + * next character, and return 0. On failure, return -1. */ +static int +scan_double(const char **bufp, double *out, int width) +{ + int neg = 0; + double result = 0; + int scanned_so_far = 0; + + if (!bufp || !*bufp || !out) + return -1; + if (width<0) + width=MAX_SCANF_WIDTH; + + if (**bufp == '-') { + neg = 1; + ++*bufp; + } + + while (**bufp && TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp) && scanned_so_far < width) { + const int digit = digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++); + result = result * 10 + digit; + ++scanned_so_far; + } + if (**bufp == '.') { + double fracval = 0, denominator = 1; + ++*bufp; + ++scanned_so_far; + while (**bufp && TOR_ISDIGIT(**bufp) && scanned_so_far < width) { + const int digit = digit_to_num(*(*bufp)++); + fracval = fracval * 10 + digit; + denominator *= 10; + ++scanned_so_far; + } + result += fracval / denominator; + } + + if (!scanned_so_far) /* No actual digits scanned */ + return -1; + + *out = neg ? -result : result; + return 0; +} + /** Helper: copy up to <b>width</b> non-space characters from <b>bufp</b> to * <b>out</b>. Make sure <b>out</b> is nul-terminated. Advance <b>bufp</b> * to the next non-space character or the EOS. */ @@ -2748,6 +2841,7 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap) } } else { int width = -1; + int longmod = 0; ++pattern; if (TOR_ISDIGIT(*pattern)) { width = digit_to_num(*pattern++); @@ -2760,17 +2854,57 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap) if (!width) /* No zero-width things. */ return -1; } + if (*pattern == 'l') { + longmod = 1; + ++pattern; + } if (*pattern == 'u' || *pattern == 'x') { - unsigned *u = va_arg(ap, unsigned *); + unsigned long u; const int base = (*pattern == 'u') ? 10 : 16; if (!*buf) return n_matched; - if (scan_unsigned(&buf, u, width, base)<0) + if (scan_unsigned(&buf, &u, width, base)<0) + return n_matched; + if (longmod) { + unsigned long *out = va_arg(ap, unsigned long *); + *out = u; + } else { + unsigned *out = va_arg(ap, unsigned *); + if (u > UINT_MAX) + return n_matched; + *out = u; + } + ++pattern; + ++n_matched; + } else if (*pattern == 'f') { + double *d = va_arg(ap, double *); + if (!longmod) + return -1; /* float not supported */ + if (!*buf) + return n_matched; + if (scan_double(&buf, d, width)<0) return n_matched; ++pattern; ++n_matched; + } else if (*pattern == 'd') { + long lng=0; + if (scan_signed(&buf, &lng, width)<0) + return n_matched; + if (longmod) { + long *out = va_arg(ap, long *); + *out = lng; + } else { + int *out = va_arg(ap, int *); + if (lng < INT_MIN || lng > INT_MAX) + return n_matched; + *out = (int)lng; + } + ++pattern; + ++n_matched; } else if (*pattern == 's') { char *s = va_arg(ap, char *); + if (longmod) + return -1; if (width < 0) return -1; if (scan_string(&buf, s, width)<0) @@ -2779,6 +2913,8 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap) ++n_matched; } else if (*pattern == 'c') { char *ch = va_arg(ap, char *); + if (longmod) + return -1; if (width != -1) return -1; if (!*buf) @@ -2789,6 +2925,8 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap) } else if (*pattern == '%') { if (*buf != '%') return n_matched; + if (longmod) + return -1; ++buf; ++pattern; } else { @@ -2802,9 +2940,14 @@ tor_vsscanf(const char *buf, const char *pattern, va_list ap) /** Minimal sscanf replacement: parse <b>buf</b> according to <b>pattern</b> * and store the results in the corresponding argument fields. Differs from - * sscanf in that it: Only handles %u, %x, %c and %Ns. Does not handle - * arbitrarily long widths. %u and %x do not consume any space. Is - * locale-independent. Returns -1 on malformed patterns. + * sscanf in that: + * <ul><li>It only handles %u, %lu, %x, %lx, %<NUM>s, %d, %ld, %lf, and %c. + * <li>It only handles decimal inputs for %lf. (12.3, not 1.23e1) + * <li>It does not handle arbitrarily long widths. + * <li>Numbers do not consume any space characters. + * <li>It is locale-independent. + * <li>%u and %x do not consume any space. + * <li>It returns -1 on malformed patterns.</ul> * * (As with other locale-independent functions, we need this to parse data that * is in ASCII without worrying that the C library's locale-handling will make diff --git a/src/common/util.h b/src/common/util.h index a2ab0ccac8..4ab93164dc 100644 --- a/src/common/util.h +++ b/src/common/util.h @@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ int strcasecmpstart(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2)); int strcmpend(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2)); int strcasecmpend(const char *s1, const char *s2) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2)); int fast_memcmpstart(const void *mem, size_t memlen, const char *prefix); +void tor_strclear(char *s); void tor_strstrip(char *s, const char *strip) ATTR_NONNULL((1,2)); long tor_parse_long(const char *s, int base, long min, diff --git a/src/or/config.c b/src/or/config.c index d90e0fc996..042fc1aa3c 100644 --- a/src/or/config.c +++ b/src/or/config.c @@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ options_act(const or_options_t *old_options) monitor_owning_controller_process(options->OwningControllerProcess); /* reload keys as needed for rendezvous services. */ - if (rend_service_load_keys()<0) { + if (rend_service_load_all_keys()<0) { log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"Error loading rendezvous service keys"); return -1; } diff --git a/src/or/rendclient.c b/src/or/rendclient.c index 6c751be27d..5b3b92e406 100644 --- a/src/or/rendclient.c +++ b/src/or/rendclient.c @@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, crypt_path_t *cpath; off_t dh_offset; crypto_pk_t *intro_key = NULL; + int status = 0; tor_assert(introcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_INTRODUCING); tor_assert(rendcirc->_base.purpose == CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_REND_READY); @@ -161,7 +162,8 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, } } - return -1; + status = -1; + goto cleanup; } /* first 20 bytes of payload are the hash of Bob's pk */ @@ -184,13 +186,16 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, smartlist_len(entry->parsed->intro_nodes)); if (rend_client_reextend_intro_circuit(introcirc)) { + status = -2; goto perm_err; } else { - return -1; + status = -1; + goto cleanup; } } if (crypto_pk_get_digest(intro_key, payload)<0) { log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't hash public key."); + status = -2; goto perm_err; } @@ -202,10 +207,12 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, cpath->magic = CRYPT_PATH_MAGIC; if (!(cpath->dh_handshake_state = crypto_dh_new(DH_TYPE_REND))) { log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't allocate DH."); + status = -2; goto perm_err; } if (crypto_dh_generate_public(cpath->dh_handshake_state)<0) { log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't generate g^x."); + status = -2; goto perm_err; } } @@ -256,6 +263,7 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, if (crypto_dh_get_public(cpath->dh_handshake_state, tmp+dh_offset, DH_KEY_LEN)<0) { log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't extract g^x."); + status = -2; goto perm_err; } @@ -269,6 +277,7 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, 0); if (r<0) { log_warn(LD_BUG,"Internal error: hybrid pk encrypt failed."); + status = -2; goto perm_err; } @@ -288,7 +297,8 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, introcirc->cpath->prev)<0) { /* introcirc is already marked for close. leave rendcirc alone. */ log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't send INTRODUCE1 cell"); - return -2; + status = -2; + goto cleanup; } /* Now, we wait for an ACK or NAK on this circuit. */ @@ -299,12 +309,17 @@ rend_client_send_introduction(origin_circuit_t *introcirc, * state. */ introcirc->_base.timestamp_dirty = time(NULL); - return 0; + goto cleanup; + perm_err: if (!introcirc->_base.marked_for_close) circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(introcirc), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL); circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(rendcirc), END_CIRC_REASON_INTERNAL); - return -2; + cleanup: + memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload)); + memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp)); + + return status; } /** Called when a rendezvous circuit is open; sends a establish @@ -659,10 +674,17 @@ rend_client_refetch_v2_renddesc(const rend_data_t *rend_query) time(NULL), chosen_replica) < 0) { log_warn(LD_REND, "Internal error: Computing v2 rendezvous " "descriptor ID did not succeed."); - return; + /* + * Hmm, can this write anything to descriptor_id and still fail? + * Let's clear it just to be safe. + * + * From here on, any returns should goto done which clears + * descriptor_id so we don't leave key-derived material on the stack. + */ + goto done; } if (directory_get_from_hs_dir(descriptor_id, rend_query) != 0) - return; /* either success or failure, but we're done */ + goto done; /* either success or failure, but we're done */ } /* If we come here, there are no hidden service directories left. */ log_info(LD_REND, "Could not pick one of the responsible hidden " @@ -670,6 +692,10 @@ rend_client_refetch_v2_renddesc(const rend_data_t *rend_query) "we already tried them all unsuccessfully."); /* Close pending connections. */ rend_client_desc_trynow(rend_query->onion_address); + + done: + memset(descriptor_id, 0, sizeof(descriptor_id)); + return; } @@ -1172,11 +1198,11 @@ rend_parse_service_authorization(const or_options_t *options, strmap_t *parsed = strmap_new(); smartlist_t *sl = smartlist_new(); rend_service_authorization_t *auth = NULL; + char descriptor_cookie_tmp[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+2]; + char descriptor_cookie_base64ext[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+2+1]; for (line = options->HidServAuth; line; line = line->next) { char *onion_address, *descriptor_cookie; - char descriptor_cookie_tmp[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+2]; - char descriptor_cookie_base64ext[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+2+1]; int auth_type_val = 0; auth = NULL; SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, char *, c, tor_free(c);); @@ -1253,6 +1279,8 @@ rend_parse_service_authorization(const or_options_t *options, } else { strmap_free(parsed, rend_service_authorization_strmap_item_free); } + memset(descriptor_cookie_tmp, 0, sizeof(descriptor_cookie_tmp)); + memset(descriptor_cookie_base64ext, 0, sizeof(descriptor_cookie_base64ext)); return res; } diff --git a/src/or/rendservice.c b/src/or/rendservice.c index 6a51874699..8acc226e3a 100644 --- a/src/or/rendservice.c +++ b/src/or/rendservice.c @@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ static rend_intro_point_t *find_intro_point(origin_circuit_t *circ); static int intro_point_accepted_intro_count(rend_intro_point_t *intro); static int intro_point_should_expire_now(rend_intro_point_t *intro, time_t now); +struct rend_service_t; +static int rend_service_load_keys(struct rend_service_t *s); +static int rend_service_load_auth_keys(struct rend_service_t *s, + const char *hfname); /** Represents the mapping from a virtual port of a rendezvous service to * a real port on some IP. @@ -135,7 +139,9 @@ rend_authorized_client_free(rend_authorized_client_t *client) return; if (client->client_key) crypto_pk_free(client->client_key); + tor_strclear(client->client_name); tor_free(client->client_name); + memset(client->descriptor_cookie, 0, sizeof(client->descriptor_cookie)); tor_free(client); } @@ -609,231 +615,273 @@ rend_service_update_descriptor(rend_service_t *service) /** Load and/or generate private keys for all hidden services, possibly * including keys for client authorization. Return 0 on success, -1 on - * failure. - */ + * failure. */ int -rend_service_load_keys(void) +rend_service_load_all_keys(void) { - int r = 0; - char fname[512]; - char buf[1500]; - SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(rend_service_list, rend_service_t *, s) { if (s->private_key) continue; log_info(LD_REND, "Loading hidden-service keys from \"%s\"", s->directory); - /* Check/create directory */ - if (check_private_dir(s->directory, CPD_CREATE, get_options()->User) < 0) + if (rend_service_load_keys(s) < 0) return -1; + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(s); + + return 0; +} + +/** Load and/or generate private keys for the hidden service <b>s</b>, + * possibly including keys for client authorization. Return 0 on success, -1 + * on failure. */ +static int +rend_service_load_keys(rend_service_t *s) +{ + char fname[512]; + char buf[128]; + + /* Check/create directory */ + if (check_private_dir(s->directory, CPD_CREATE, get_options()->User) < 0) + return -1; + + /* Load key */ + if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) || + strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"private_key",sizeof(fname)) + >= sizeof(fname)) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store key file: \"%s\".", + s->directory); + return -1; + } + s->private_key = init_key_from_file(fname, 1, LOG_ERR); + if (!s->private_key) + return -1; + + /* Create service file */ + if (rend_get_service_id(s->private_key, s->service_id)<0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID."); + return -1; + } + if (crypto_pk_get_digest(s->private_key, s->pk_digest)<0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't compute hash of public key."); + return -1; + } + if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) || + strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"hostname",sizeof(fname)) + >= sizeof(fname)) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store hostname file:" + " \"%s\".", s->directory); + return -1; + } - /* Load key */ - if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) || - strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"private_key",sizeof(fname)) - >= sizeof(fname)) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store key file: \"%s\".", - s->directory); + tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion\n", s->service_id); + if (write_str_to_file(fname,buf,0)<0) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not write onion address to hostname file."); + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + return -1; + } + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + + /* If client authorization is configured, load or generate keys. */ + if (s->auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH) { + if (rend_service_load_auth_keys(s, fname) < 0) return -1; + } + + return 0; +} + +/** Load and/or generate client authorization keys for the hidden service + * <b>s</b>, which stores its hostname in <b>hfname</b>. Return 0 on success, + * -1 on failure. */ +static int +rend_service_load_auth_keys(rend_service_t *s, const char *hfname) +{ + int r = 0; + char cfname[512]; + char *client_keys_str = NULL; + strmap_t *parsed_clients = strmap_new(); + FILE *cfile, *hfile; + open_file_t *open_cfile = NULL, *open_hfile = NULL; + char extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1]; + char desc_cook_out[3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1]; + char service_id[16+1]; + char buf[1500]; + + /* Load client keys and descriptor cookies, if available. */ + if (tor_snprintf(cfname, sizeof(cfname), "%s"PATH_SEPARATOR"client_keys", + s->directory)<0) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store client keys " + "file: \"%s\".", s->directory); + goto err; + } + client_keys_str = read_file_to_str(cfname, RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL); + if (client_keys_str) { + if (rend_parse_client_keys(parsed_clients, client_keys_str) < 0) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Previously stored client_keys file could not " + "be parsed."); + goto err; + } else { + log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Parsed %d previously stored client entries.", + strmap_size(parsed_clients)); + tor_free(client_keys_str); } - s->private_key = init_key_from_file(fname, 1, LOG_ERR); - if (!s->private_key) - return -1; + } - /* Create service file */ - if (rend_get_service_id(s->private_key, s->service_id)<0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID."); - return -1; + /* Prepare client_keys and hostname files. */ + if (!(cfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cfname, + OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT, + 0600, &open_cfile))) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open client_keys file %s", + escaped(cfname)); + goto err; + } + + if (!(hfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(hfname, + OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT, + 0600, &open_hfile))) { + log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open hostname file %s", escaped(hfname)); + goto err; + } + + /* Either use loaded keys for configured clients or generate new + * ones if a client is new. */ + SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(s->clients, rend_authorized_client_t *, client) { + rend_authorized_client_t *parsed = + strmap_get(parsed_clients, client->client_name); + int written; + size_t len; + /* Copy descriptor cookie from parsed entry or create new one. */ + if (parsed) { + memcpy(client->descriptor_cookie, parsed->descriptor_cookie, + REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); + } else { + crypto_rand(client->descriptor_cookie, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); } - if (crypto_pk_get_digest(s->private_key, s->pk_digest)<0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Couldn't compute hash of public key."); - return -1; + if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1, + client->descriptor_cookie, + REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) < 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie."); + goto err; } - if (strlcpy(fname,s->directory,sizeof(fname)) >= sizeof(fname) || - strlcat(fname,PATH_SEPARATOR"hostname",sizeof(fname)) - >= sizeof(fname)) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store hostname file:" - " \"%s\".", s->directory); - return -1; + /* Copy client key from parsed entry or create new one if required. */ + if (parsed && parsed->client_key) { + client->client_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(parsed->client_key); + } else if (s->auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH) { + /* Create private key for client. */ + crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL; + if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) { + log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error constructing client key"); + goto err; + } + if (crypto_pk_generate_key(prkey)) { + log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error generating client key"); + crypto_pk_free(prkey); + goto err; + } + if (crypto_pk_check_key(prkey) <= 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG,"Generated client key seems invalid"); + crypto_pk_free(prkey); + goto err; + } + client->client_key = prkey; } - tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion\n", s->service_id); - if (write_str_to_file(fname,buf,0)<0) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not write onion address to hostname file."); - return -1; + /* Add entry to client_keys file. */ + desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-1] = '\0'; /* Remove newline. */ + written = tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), + "client-name %s\ndescriptor-cookie %s\n", + client->client_name, desc_cook_out); + if (written < 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry."); + goto err; } - - /* If client authorization is configured, load or generate keys. */ - if (s->auth_type != REND_NO_AUTH) { - char *client_keys_str = NULL; - strmap_t *parsed_clients = strmap_new(); - char cfname[512]; - FILE *cfile, *hfile; - open_file_t *open_cfile = NULL, *open_hfile = NULL; - - /* Load client keys and descriptor cookies, if available. */ - if (tor_snprintf(cfname, sizeof(cfname), "%s"PATH_SEPARATOR"client_keys", - s->directory)<0) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Directory name too long to store client keys " - "file: \"%s\".", s->directory); + if (client->client_key) { + char *client_key_out = NULL; + if (crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string(client->client_key, + &client_key_out, &len) != 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: " + "crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string() failed."); goto err; } - client_keys_str = read_file_to_str(cfname, RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, NULL); - if (client_keys_str) { - if (rend_parse_client_keys(parsed_clients, client_keys_str) < 0) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Previously stored client_keys file could not " - "be parsed."); - goto err; - } else { - log_info(LD_CONFIG, "Parsed %d previously stored client entries.", - strmap_size(parsed_clients)); - tor_free(client_keys_str); - } - } - - /* Prepare client_keys and hostname files. */ - if (!(cfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(cfname, - OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT, - 0600, &open_cfile))) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open client_keys file %s", - escaped(cfname)); + if (rend_get_service_id(client->client_key, service_id)<0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID."); + /* + * len is string length, not buffer length, but last byte is NUL + * anyway. + */ + memset(client_key_out, 0, len); + tor_free(client_key_out); goto err; } - if (!(hfile = start_writing_to_stdio_file(fname, - OPEN_FLAGS_REPLACE | O_TEXT, - 0600, &open_hfile))) { - log_warn(LD_CONFIG, "Could not open hostname file %s", escaped(fname)); + written = tor_snprintf(buf + written, sizeof(buf) - written, + "client-key\n%s", client_key_out); + memset(client_key_out, 0, len); + tor_free(client_key_out); + if (written < 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry."); goto err; } + } - /* Either use loaded keys for configured clients or generate new - * ones if a client is new. */ - SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(s->clients, rend_authorized_client_t *, client) - { - char desc_cook_out[3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1]; - char service_id[16+1]; - rend_authorized_client_t *parsed = - strmap_get(parsed_clients, client->client_name); - int written; - size_t len; - /* Copy descriptor cookie from parsed entry or create new one. */ - if (parsed) { - memcpy(client->descriptor_cookie, parsed->descriptor_cookie, - REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); - } else { - crypto_rand(client->descriptor_cookie, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); - } - if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1, - client->descriptor_cookie, - REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) < 0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie."); - strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free); - return -1; - } - /* Copy client key from parsed entry or create new one if required. */ - if (parsed && parsed->client_key) { - client->client_key = crypto_pk_dup_key(parsed->client_key); - } else if (s->auth_type == REND_STEALTH_AUTH) { - /* Create private key for client. */ - crypto_pk_t *prkey = NULL; - if (!(prkey = crypto_pk_new())) { - log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error constructing client key"); - goto err; - } - if (crypto_pk_generate_key(prkey)) { - log_warn(LD_BUG,"Error generating client key"); - crypto_pk_free(prkey); - goto err; - } - if (crypto_pk_check_key(prkey) <= 0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG,"Generated client key seems invalid"); - crypto_pk_free(prkey); - goto err; - } - client->client_key = prkey; - } - /* Add entry to client_keys file. */ - desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-1] = '\0'; /* Remove newline. */ - written = tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), - "client-name %s\ndescriptor-cookie %s\n", - client->client_name, desc_cook_out); - if (written < 0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry."); - goto err; - } - if (client->client_key) { - char *client_key_out = NULL; - crypto_pk_write_private_key_to_string(client->client_key, - &client_key_out, &len); - if (rend_get_service_id(client->client_key, service_id)<0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: couldn't encode service ID."); - tor_free(client_key_out); - goto err; - } - written = tor_snprintf(buf + written, sizeof(buf) - written, - "client-key\n%s", client_key_out); - tor_free(client_key_out); - if (written < 0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not write client entry."); - goto err; - } - } - - if (fputs(buf, cfile) < 0) { - log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append client entry to file: %s", - strerror(errno)); - goto err; - } - - /* Add line to hostname file. */ - if (s->auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH) { - /* Remove == signs (newline has been removed above). */ - desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-2] = '\0'; - tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n", - s->service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name); - } else { - char extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1]; - memcpy(extended_desc_cookie, client->descriptor_cookie, - REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); - extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN] = - ((int)s->auth_type - 1) << 4; - if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1, - extended_desc_cookie, - REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1) < 0) { - log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie."); - goto err; - } - desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-3] = '\0'; /* Remove A= and - newline. */ - tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n", - service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name); - } + if (fputs(buf, cfile) < 0) { + log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append client entry to file: %s", + strerror(errno)); + goto err; + } - if (fputs(buf, hfile)<0) { - log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append host entry to file: %s", - strerror(errno)); - goto err; - } + /* Add line to hostname file. */ + if (s->auth_type == REND_BASIC_AUTH) { + /* Remove == signs (newline has been removed above). */ + desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-2] = '\0'; + tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n", + s->service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name); + } else { + memcpy(extended_desc_cookie, client->descriptor_cookie, + REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); + extended_desc_cookie[REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN] = + ((int)s->auth_type - 1) << 4; + if (base64_encode(desc_cook_out, 3*REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN_BASE64+1, + extended_desc_cookie, + REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN+1) < 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Could not base64-encode descriptor cookie."); + goto err; } - SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(client); + desc_cook_out[strlen(desc_cook_out)-3] = '\0'; /* Remove A= and + newline. */ + tor_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"%s.onion %s # client: %s\n", + service_id, desc_cook_out, client->client_name); + } - goto done; - err: - r = -1; - done: - tor_free(client_keys_str); - strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free); - if (r<0) { - if (open_cfile) - abort_writing_to_file(open_cfile); - if (open_hfile) - abort_writing_to_file(open_hfile); - return r; - } else { - finish_writing_to_file(open_cfile); - finish_writing_to_file(open_hfile); - } + if (fputs(buf, hfile)<0) { + log_warn(LD_FS, "Could not append host entry to file: %s", + strerror(errno)); + goto err; } - } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(s); + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(client); + + finish_writing_to_file(open_cfile); + finish_writing_to_file(open_hfile); + + goto done; + err: + r = -1; + if (open_cfile) + abort_writing_to_file(open_cfile); + if (open_hfile) + abort_writing_to_file(open_hfile); + done: + tor_strclear(client_keys_str); + tor_free(client_keys_str); + strmap_free(parsed_clients, rend_authorized_client_strmap_item_free); + + memset(cfname, 0, sizeof(cfname)); + + /* Clear stack buffers that held key-derived material. */ + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + memset(desc_cook_out, 0, sizeof(desc_cook_out)); + memset(service_id, 0, sizeof(service_id)); + memset(extended_desc_cookie, 0, sizeof(extended_desc_cookie)); + return r; } @@ -1038,6 +1086,7 @@ int rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, size_t request_len) { + int status = 0; char *ptr, *r_cookie; extend_info_t *extend_info = NULL; char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE]; @@ -1068,7 +1117,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Got an INTRODUCE2 over a non-introduction circuit %d.", circuit->_base.n_circ_id); - return -1; + goto err; } #ifndef NON_ANONYMOUS_MODE_ENABLED @@ -1086,7 +1135,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, DH_KEY_LEN+42) { log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Got a truncated INTRODUCE2 cell on circ %d.", circuit->_base.n_circ_id); - return -1; + goto err; } /* look up service depending on circuit. */ @@ -1096,7 +1145,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an intro " "circ for an unrecognized service %s.", escaped(serviceid)); - return -1; + goto err; } /* use intro key instead of service key. */ @@ -1109,14 +1158,14 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, (char*)request, REND_SERVICE_ID_LEN); log_warn(LD_REND, "Got an INTRODUCE2 cell for the wrong service (%s).", escaped(serviceid)); - return -1; + goto err; } keylen = crypto_pk_keysize(intro_key); if (request_len < keylen+DIGEST_LEN) { log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "PK-encrypted portion of INTRODUCE2 cell was truncated."); - return -1; + goto err; } intro_point = find_intro_point(circuit); @@ -1124,7 +1173,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, log_warn(LD_BUG, "Internal error: Got an INTRODUCE2 cell on an intro circ " "(for service %s) with no corresponding rend_intro_point_t.", escaped(serviceid)); - return -1; + goto err; } if (!service->accepted_intro_dh_parts) @@ -1143,7 +1192,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, log_warn(LD_REND, "Possible replay detected! We received an " "INTRODUCE2 cell with same PK-encrypted part %d seconds ago. " "Dropping cell.", (int)(now-*access_time)); - return -1; + goto err; } access_time = tor_malloc(sizeof(time_t)); *access_time = now; @@ -1159,7 +1208,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, PK_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING,1); if (r<0) { log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Couldn't decrypt INTRODUCE2 cell."); - return -1; + goto err; } len = r; if (*buf == 3) { @@ -1174,7 +1223,7 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, if (auth_len != REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN) { log_info(LD_REND, "Wrong auth data size %d, should be %d.", (int)auth_len, REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN); - return -1; + goto err; } memcpy(auth_data, buf+4, sizeof(auth_data)); v3_shift += 2+REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN; @@ -1235,12 +1284,12 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, if (!ptr || ptr == rp_nickname) { log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Couldn't find a nul-padded nickname in INTRODUCE2 cell."); - return -1; + goto err; } if ((version == 0 && !is_legal_nickname(rp_nickname)) || (version == 1 && !is_legal_nickname_or_hexdigest(rp_nickname))) { log_warn(LD_PROTOCOL, "Bad nickname in INTRODUCE2 cell."); - return -1; + goto err; } /* Okay, now we know that a nickname is at the start of the buffer. */ ptr = rp_nickname+nickname_field_len; @@ -1404,15 +1453,24 @@ rend_service_introduce(origin_circuit_t *circuit, const uint8_t *request, memcpy(cpath->handshake_digest, keys, DIGEST_LEN); if (extend_info) extend_info_free(extend_info); - memset(keys, 0, sizeof(keys)); - return 0; + goto done; + err: - memset(keys, 0, sizeof(keys)); + status = -1; if (dh) crypto_dh_free(dh); if (launched) circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(launched), reason); if (extend_info) extend_info_free(extend_info); - return -1; + done: + memset(keys, 0, sizeof(keys)); + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + memset(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid)); + memset(hexcookie, 0, sizeof(hexcookie)); + memset(intro_key_digest, 0, sizeof(intro_key_digest)); + memset(auth_data, 0, sizeof(auth_data)); + memset(diffie_hellman_hash, 0, sizeof(diffie_hellman_hash)); + + return status; } /** Called when we fail building a rendezvous circuit at some point other @@ -1600,8 +1658,8 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit) this case, we might as well close the thing. */ log_info(LD_CIRC|LD_REND, "We have just finished an introduction " "circuit, but we already have enough. Closing it."); - circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), END_CIRC_REASON_NONE); - return; + reason = END_CIRC_REASON_NONE; + goto err; } else { tor_assert(circuit->build_state->is_internal); log_info(LD_CIRC|LD_REND, "We have just finished an introduction " @@ -1622,7 +1680,7 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit) } circuit_has_opened(circuit); - return; + goto done; } } @@ -1668,9 +1726,16 @@ rend_service_intro_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit) goto err; } - return; + goto done; + err: circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), reason); + done: + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + memset(auth, 0, sizeof(auth)); + memset(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid)); + + return; } /** Called when we get an INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell; mark the circuit as a @@ -1813,9 +1878,16 @@ rend_service_rendezvous_has_opened(origin_circuit_t *circuit) /* Change the circuit purpose. */ circuit_change_purpose(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_REND_JOINED); - return; + goto done; + err: circuit_mark_for_close(TO_CIRCUIT(circuit), reason); + done: + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + memset(serviceid, 0, sizeof(serviceid)); + memset(hexcookie, 0, sizeof(hexcookie)); + + return; } /* diff --git a/src/or/rendservice.h b/src/or/rendservice.h index e5848785a8..baf8d5fb43 100644 --- a/src/or/rendservice.h +++ b/src/or/rendservice.h @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ int num_rend_services(void); int rend_config_services(const or_options_t *options, int validate_only); -int rend_service_load_keys(void); +int rend_service_load_all_keys(void); void rend_services_introduce(void); void rend_consider_services_upload(time_t now); void rend_hsdir_routers_changed(void); diff --git a/src/or/rephist.c b/src/or/rephist.c index 720d14cf45..fa02f981f3 100644 --- a/src/or/rephist.c +++ b/src/or/rephist.c @@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now) wfu_timebuf[0] = '\0'; if (format == 1) { - n = sscanf(line, "%40s %ld %lf S=%10s %8s", + n = tor_sscanf(line, "%40s %ld %lf S=%10s %8s", hexbuf, &wrl, &trw, mtbf_timebuf, mtbf_timebuf+11); if (n != 3 && n != 5) { log_warn(LD_HIST, "Couldn't scan line %s", escaped(line)); @@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now) wfu_idx = find_next_with(lines, i+1, "+WFU "); if (mtbf_idx >= 0) { const char *mtbfline = smartlist_get(lines, mtbf_idx); - n = sscanf(mtbfline, "+MTBF %lu %lf S=%10s %8s", + n = tor_sscanf(mtbfline, "+MTBF %lu %lf S=%10s %8s", &wrl, &trw, mtbf_timebuf, mtbf_timebuf+11); if (n == 2 || n == 4) { have_mtbf = 1; @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ rep_hist_load_mtbf_data(time_t now) } if (wfu_idx >= 0) { const char *wfuline = smartlist_get(lines, wfu_idx); - n = sscanf(wfuline, "+WFU %lu %lu S=%10s %8s", + n = tor_sscanf(wfuline, "+WFU %lu %lu S=%10s %8s", &wt_uptime, &total_wt_time, wfu_timebuf, wfu_timebuf+11); if (n == 2 || n == 4) { diff --git a/src/test/test_util.c b/src/test/test_util.c index 632ef68bd6..b07fa3b699 100644 --- a/src/test/test_util.c +++ b/src/test/test_util.c @@ -1461,12 +1461,28 @@ test_util_control_formats(void) tor_free(out); } +#define test_feq(value1,value2) do { \ + double v1 = (value1), v2=(value2); \ + double tf_diff = v1-v2; \ + double tf_tolerance = ((v1+v2)/2.0)/1e8; \ + if (tf_diff<0) tf_diff=-tf_diff; \ + if (tf_tolerance<0) tf_tolerance=-tf_tolerance; \ + if (tf_diff<tf_tolerance) { \ + TT_BLATHER(("%s ~~ %s: %f ~~ %f",#value1,#value2,v1,v2)); \ + } else { \ + TT_FAIL(("%s ~~ %s: %f != %f",#value1,#value2,v1,v2)); \ + } \ + } while(0) + static void test_util_sscanf(void) { unsigned u1, u2, u3; char s1[20], s2[10], s3[10], ch; int r; + long lng1,lng2; + int int1, int2; + double d1,d2,d3,d4; /* Simple tests (malformed patterns, literal matching, ...) */ test_eq(-1, tor_sscanf("123", "%i", &r)); /* %i is not supported */ @@ -1595,6 +1611,65 @@ test_util_sscanf(void) test_eq(4, tor_sscanf("1.2.3 foobar", "%u.%u.%u%c", &u1, &u2, &u3, &ch)); test_eq(' ', ch); + r = tor_sscanf("12345 -67890 -1", "%d %ld %d", &int1, &lng1, &int2); + test_eq(r,3); + test_eq(int1, 12345); + test_eq(lng1, -67890); + test_eq(int2, -1); + +#if SIZEOF_INT == 4 + r = tor_sscanf("-2147483648. 2147483647.", "%d. %d.", &int1, &int2); + test_eq(r,2); + test_eq(int1, -2147483648); + test_eq(int2, 2147483647); + + r = tor_sscanf("-2147483679.", "%d.", &int1); + test_eq(r,0); + + r = tor_sscanf("2147483678.", "%d.", &int1); + test_eq(r,0); +#elif SIZEOF_INT == 8 + r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775807.", + "%d. %d.", &int1, &int2); + test_eq(r,2); + test_eq(int1, -9223372036854775808); + test_eq(int2, 9223372036854775807); + + r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775809.", "%d.", &int1); + test_eq(r,0); + + r = tor_sscanf("9223372036854775808.", "%d.", &int1); + test_eq(r,0); +#endif + +#if SIZEOF_LONG == 4 + r = tor_sscanf("-2147483648. 2147483647.", "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2) + test_eq(r,2); + test_eq(lng1, -2147483647 - 1); + test_eq(lng2, 2147483647); +#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 8 + r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775807.", + "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2); + test_eq(r,2); + test_eq(lng1, -9223372036854775807L - 1); + test_eq(lng2, 9223372036854775807L); + + r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775808. 9223372036854775808.", + "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2); + test_eq(r,1); + r = tor_sscanf("-9223372036854775809. 9223372036854775808.", + "%ld. %ld.", &lng1, &lng2); + test_eq(r,0); +#endif + + r = tor_sscanf("123.456 .000007 -900123123.2000787 00003.2", + "%lf %lf %lf %lf", &d1,&d2,&d3,&d4); + test_eq(r,4); + test_feq(d1, 123.456); + test_feq(d2, .000007); + test_feq(d3, -900123123.2000787); + test_feq(d4, 3.2); + done: ; } diff --git a/src/win32/orconfig.h b/src/win32/orconfig.h index 3449277d42..4c8c65518a 100644 --- a/src/win32/orconfig.h +++ b/src/win32/orconfig.h @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ #define USING_TWOS_COMPLEMENT /* Version number of package */ -#define VERSION "0.2.3.17-beta-dev" +#define VERSION "0.2.4.0-alpha-dev" |