[mod] limiter -> botdetection: modularization and documentation

In order to be able to meet the outstanding requirements, the implementation is
modularized and supplemented with documentation.

This patch does not contain functional change, except it fixes issue #2455

----

Aktivate limiter in the settings.yml and simulate a bot request by::

    curl -H 'Accept-Language: de-DE,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3' \
         -H 'Accept: text/html'
         -H 'User-Agent: xyz' \
         -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip' \
         'http://127.0.0.1:8888/search?q=foo'

In the LOG:

    DEBUG   searx.botdetection.link_token : missing ping for this request: .....

Since ``BURST_MAX_SUSPICIOUS = 2`` you can repeat the query above two time
before you get a "Too Many Requests" response.

Closes: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2455
Signed-off-by: Markus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>

1 files changed, 23 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py b/searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06743802e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/searx/botdetection/http_accept_language.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# lint: pylint
+"""
+Method ``http_accept_language``
+-------------------------------
+
+The ``http_accept_language`` method evaluates a request as the request of a bot
+if the Accept-Language_ header is unset.
+
+.. _Accept-Language:
+   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/User-Agent
+
+"""
+
+
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+import flask
+
+
+def filter_request(request: flask.Request) -> Optional[Tuple[int, str]]:
+    if request.headers.get('Accept-Language', '').strip() == '':
+        return 429, "bot detected, missing HTTP header Accept-Language"
+    return None