Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/main' into feat/68_permissions_askeverytime

184 files changed, 741 insertions, 713 deletions

diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8
index 6c4dd923e..8bf2b3efd 100644
--- a/.flake8
+++ b/.flake8
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ ignore =
     PT004,
     PT011,
     PT012
-min-version = 3.8.0
+min-version = 3.9.0
 max-complexity = 12
 per-file-ignores =
     qutebrowser/api/hook.py : N801
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1e0c84bc7..9039bc9a3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.10'
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: '16.x'
+          node-version: '20.x'
         if: "matrix.testenv == 'eslint'"
       - name: Set up problem matchers
         run: "python scripts/dev/ci/problemmatchers.py ${{ matrix.testenv }} ${{ runner.temp }}"
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          ### PyQt 5.15.2 (Python 3.8)
-          - testenv: py38-pyqt5152
+          ### PyQt 5.15.2 (Python 3.9)
+          - testenv: py39-pyqt5152
             os: ubuntu-20.04
-            python: "3.8"
+            python: "3.9"
           ### PyQt 5.15 (Python 3.10, with coverage)
           # FIXME:qt6
           # - testenv: py310-pyqt515-cov
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ jobs:
           - testenv: py311-pyqt515
             os: ubuntu-20.04
             python: "3.11"
-          ### PyQt 6.2 (Python 3.8)
-          - testenv: py38-pyqt62
+          ### PyQt 6.2 (Python 3.9)
+          - testenv: py39-pyqt62
             os: ubuntu-20.04
-            python: "3.8"
-          ### PyQt 6.3 (Python 3.8)
-          - testenv: py38-pyqt63
+            python: "3.9"
+          ### PyQt 6.3 (Python 3.9)
+          - testenv: py39-pyqt63
             os: ubuntu-20.04
-            python: "3.8"
+            python: "3.9"
           ## PyQt 6.4 (Python 3.9)
           - testenv: py39-pyqt64
             os: ubuntu-20.04
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
index d4e106bc2..07d8812b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
@@ -15,20 +15,6 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - os: macos-12
-            toxenv: build-release-qt5
-            name: qt5-macos
-          - os: windows-2019
-            toxenv: build-release-qt5
-            name: qt5-windows
-          - os: macos-12
-            args: --debug
-            toxenv: build-release-qt5
-            name: qt5-macos-debug
-          - os: windows-2019
-            args: --debug
-            toxenv: build-release-qt5
-            name: qt5-windows-debug
-          - os: macos-12
             toxenv: build-release
             name: macos-intel
           - os: macos-14
diff --git a/.github/workflows/recompile-requirements.yml b/.github/workflows/recompile-requirements.yml
index 6d42c3137..5310336c8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/recompile-requirements.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/recompile-requirements.yml
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      - name: Set up Python 3.9
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
       - name: Recompile requirements
         run: "python3 scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py ${{ github.event.input.environments }}"
         id: requirements
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run qutebrowser smoke test
         run: "xvfb-run .venv/bin/python3 -m qutebrowser --no-err-windows --nowindow --temp-basedir about:blank ':later 500 quit'"
       - name: Create pull request
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
         with:
           committer: qutebrowser bot <bot@qutebrowser.org>
           author: qutebrowser bot <bot@qutebrowser.org>
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 826970384..e7eab6371 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ on:
         default: '3.12'
         type: choice
         options:
-          - '3.8'
           - '3.9'
           - '3.10'
           - '3.11'
diff --git a/.mypy.ini b/.mypy.ini
index 81f69a09e..59a3f8670 100644
--- a/.mypy.ini
+++ b/.mypy.ini
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [mypy]
-python_version = 3.8
+python_version = 3.9
 
 ### --strict
 warn_unused_configs = True
diff --git a/.pylintrc b/.pylintrc
index a6784c0e4..1cb4e0f1b 100644
--- a/.pylintrc
+++ b/.pylintrc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ load-plugins=qute_pylint.config,
              pylint.extensions.dunder
 
 persistent=n
-py-version=3.8
+py-version=3.9
 
 [MESSAGES CONTROL]
 enable=all
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ argument-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
 variable-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
 docstring-min-length=3
 no-docstring-rgx=(^_|^main$)
-class-const-naming-style = snake_case
+class-const-naming-style=snake_case
+max-positional-arguments=7
 
 [FORMAT]
 # FIXME:v4 (lint) down to 88 again once we use black
diff --git a/README.asciidoc b/README.asciidoc
index b670e1800..9567473ee 100644
--- a/README.asciidoc
+++ b/README.asciidoc
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Requirements
 
 The following software and libraries are required to run qutebrowser:
 
-* https://www.python.org/[Python] 3.8 or newer
+* https://www.python.org/[Python] 3.9 or newer
 * https://www.qt.io/[Qt], either 6.2.0 or newer, or 5.15.0 or newer, with the following modules:
   - QtCore / qtbase
   - QtQuick (part of qtbase or qtdeclarative in some distributions)
@@ -105,10 +105,6 @@ websites and using it for transmission of sensitive data._
 * https://palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/[jinja2]
 * https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml[PyYAML]
 
-On Python 3.8, the following backport is also required:
-
-* https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/[importlib_resources]
-
 On macOS, the following libraries are also required:
 
 * https://pyobjc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/[pyobjc-core and pyobjc-framework-Cocoa]
diff --git a/doc/changelog.asciidoc b/doc/changelog.asciidoc
index 61bf9d187..eb072f4d0 100644
--- a/doc/changelog.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/changelog.asciidoc
@@ -22,11 +22,17 @@ v3.4.0 (unreleased)
 Deprecated
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-- **In either this (v3.4.0) or the next release (v3.5.0)**, support for Python
-  3.8 will be dropped, and Python 3.9 will be required.
 - **In the next release (v3.5.0)**, support for macOS 12 Monterey will be
   dropped, and binaries will be built on macOS 13 Ventura.
 
+Removed
+~~~~~~~
+
+- Support for Python 3.8 is dropped, and Python 3.9 is now required.
+- When using the installer on Windows 10, build 1809 or newer is now required
+  (previous versions required 1607 or newer, but that's not officialy supported by
+  Qt upstream).
+
 Added
 ~~~~~
 
@@ -38,8 +44,18 @@ Added
 Changed
 ~~~~~~~
 
+- The `.desktop` file now also declares qutebrowser as a valid viewer for
+  `image/webp`.
+- Updated mimetype information for getting a suitable extension when downloading
+  a `data:` URL.
 - The `content.javascript.clipboard` setting now defaults to "ask".
 
+Fixed
+~~~~~
+
+- Crash with recent Jinja/Markupsafe versions when viewing a finished userscript
+  (or potentially editor) process via `:process`.
+
 
 [[v3.3.1]]
 v3.3.1 (2024-10-12)
diff --git a/doc/contributing.asciidoc b/doc/contributing.asciidoc
index c77d93f18..6e609334e 100644
--- a/doc/contributing.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/contributing.asciidoc
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ unittests and several linters/checkers.
 Currently, the following tox environments are available:
 
 * Tests using https://www.pytest.org[pytest]:
-  - `py38`, `py39`, ...: Run pytest for python 3.8/3.9/... with the system-wide PyQt.
-  - `py38-pyqt515`, ..., `py38-pyqt65`: Run pytest with the given PyQt version (`py39-*` etc. also works).
-  - `py38-pyqt515-cov`: Run with coverage support (other Python/PyQt versions work too).
+  - `py39`, `py310`, ...: Run pytest for python 3.9/3.10/... with the system-wide PyQt.
+  - `py39-pyqt515`, ..., `py39-pyqt65`: Run pytest with the given PyQt version (`py310-*` etc. also works).
+  - `py39-pyqt515-cov`: Run with coverage support (other Python/PyQt versions work too).
 * `flake8`: Run various linting checks via https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8[flake8].
 * `vulture`: Run https://pypi.python.org/pypi/vulture[vulture] to find
   unused code portions.
@@ -171,16 +171,16 @@ Examples:
 
 ----
 # run only pytest tests which failed in last run:
-tox -e py38 -- --lf
+tox -e py39 -- --lf
 
 # run only the end2end feature tests:
-tox -e py38 -- tests/end2end/features
+tox -e py39 -- tests/end2end/features
 
 # run everything with undo in the generated name, based on the scenario text
-tox -e py38 -- tests/end2end/features/test_tabs_bdd.py -k undo
+tox -e py39 -- tests/end2end/features/test_tabs_bdd.py -k undo
 
 # run coverage test for specific file (updates htmlcov/index.html)
-tox -e py38-cov -- tests/unit/browser/test_webelem.py
+tox -e py39-cov -- tests/unit/browser/test_webelem.py
 ----
 
 Specifying the backend for tests
diff --git a/doc/help/configuring.asciidoc b/doc/help/configuring.asciidoc
index 54f4f34f9..b166477c1 100644
--- a/doc/help/configuring.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/help/configuring.asciidoc
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ Various emacs/conkeror-like keybinding configs exist:
 - https://gitlab.com/Kaligule/qutebrowser-emacs-config/blob/master/config.py[Kaligule]
 - https://web.archive.org/web/20210512185023/https://me0w.net/pit/1540882719[nm0i]
 - https://www.reddit.com/r/qutebrowser/comments/eh10i7/config_share_qute_with_emacs_keybindings/[jasonsun0310]
-- https://git.sr.ht/~willvaughn/dots/tree/mjolnir/item/.config/qutebrowser/qutemacs.py[willvaughn]
+- https://git.sr.ht/~willvaughn/dots/tree/main/item/.config/qutebrowser/qutemacs.py[willvaughn]
 
 It's also mostly possible to get rid of modal keybindings by setting
 `input.insert_mode.auto_enter` to `false`, and `input.forward_unbound_keys` to
diff --git a/doc/help/settings.asciidoc b/doc/help/settings.asciidoc
index 629efa96c..ce6320e90 100644
--- a/doc/help/settings.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/help/settings.asciidoc
@@ -3891,7 +3891,7 @@ Chromium has various sandboxing layers, which should be enabled for normal brows
 Open `chrome://sandbox` to see the current sandbox status.
 Changing this setting is only recommended if you know what you're doing, as it **disables one of Chromium's security layers**. To avoid sandboxing being accidentally disabled persistently, this setting can only be set via `config.py`, not via `:set`.
 See the Chromium documentation for more details:
-- https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/linux/sandboxing.md[Linux] - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox.md[Windows] - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox_faq.md[FAQ (Windows-centric)]
+- https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/sandbox/linux/README.md[Linux] - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox.md[Windows] - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/sandbox/mac/README.md[Mac] - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox_faq.md[FAQ (Windows-centric)]
 
 This setting requires a restart.
 
diff --git a/doc/install.asciidoc b/doc/install.asciidoc
index 20dc29597..75c9b9777 100644
--- a/doc/install.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/install.asciidoc
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ This installs all needed Python dependencies in a `.venv` subfolder
 This comes with an up-to-date Qt/PyQt including a pre-compiled QtWebEngine
 binary, but has a few caveats:
 
-- Make sure your `python3` is Python 3.8 or newer, otherwise you'll get a "No
+- Make sure your `python3` is Python 3.9 or newer, otherwise you'll get a "No
   matching distribution found" error and/or qutebrowser will not run.
 - It only works on 64-bit x86 systems, with other architectures you'll get the
   same error.
diff --git a/misc/nsis/install.nsh b/misc/nsis/install.nsh
index 5086dcb0d..5c23c4ace 100755
--- a/misc/nsis/install.nsh
+++ b/misc/nsis/install.nsh
@@ -432,32 +432,18 @@ Function .onInit
   StrCpy $KeepReg 1
 
 ; OS version check
-  ${If} ${RunningX64}
-    ; https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfoa#remarks
-    GetWinVer $R0 Major
-    !if "${QT5}" == "True"
-      IntCmpU $R0 6 0 _os_check_fail _os_check_pass
-      GetWinVer $R1 Minor
-      IntCmpU $R1 2 _os_check_pass _os_check_fail _os_check_pass
-    !else
-      IntCmpU $R0 10 0 _os_check_fail _os_check_pass
-      GetWinVer $R1 Build
-      ${If} $R1 >= 22000 ; Windows 11 21H2
-        Goto _os_check_pass
-      ${ElseIf} $R1 >= 14393 ; Windows 10 1607
-      ${AndIf} ${IsNativeAMD64} ; Windows 10 has no x86_64 emulation on arm64
-        Goto _os_check_pass
-      ${EndIf}
-    !endif
+  ; https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfoa#remarks
+  ; https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/release-information
+  ; https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows11-release-information
+  ${If} ${AtLeastWin11}
+    Goto _os_check_pass
+  ${ElseIf} ${IsNativeAMD64} ; Windows 10 has no x86_64 emulation on arm64
+  ${AndIf} ${AtLeastWin10}
+  ${AndIf} ${AtLeastBuild} 17763 ; Windows 10 1809 (also in error message below)
+    Goto _os_check_pass
   ${EndIf}
-  _os_check_fail:
-  !if "${QT5}" == "True"
-    MessageBox MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP "This version of ${PRODUCT_NAME} requires a 64-bit$\r$\n\
-      version of Windows 8 or later."
-  !else
-    MessageBox MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP "This version of ${PRODUCT_NAME} requires a 64-bit$\r$\n\
-      version of Windows 10 1607 or later."
-  !endif
+  MessageBox MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP "This version of ${PRODUCT_NAME} requires a 64-bit$\r$\n\
+    version of Windows 10 1809 or later."
   Abort
   _os_check_pass:
 
diff --git a/misc/nsis/qutebrowser.nsi b/misc/nsis/qutebrowser.nsi
index bd5156e83..dcdb047f6 100755
--- a/misc/nsis/qutebrowser.nsi
+++ b/misc/nsis/qutebrowser.nsi
@@ -131,9 +131,6 @@ ShowUninstDetails hide
   !define /ifndef DIST_DIR ".\..\..\dist\${PRODUCT_NAME}-${VERSION}"

 !endif

 

-; If not defined, assume Qt6 (requires a more recent windows version)

-!define /ifndef QT5 "False"

-

 ; Pack the exe header with upx if UPX is defined.

 !ifdef UPX

   !packhdr "$%TEMP%\exehead.tmp" '"upx" "--ultra-brute" "$%TEMP%\exehead.tmp"'

diff --git a/misc/org.qutebrowser.qutebrowser.desktop b/misc/org.qutebrowser.qutebrowser.desktop
index 741a00371..71097a353 100644
--- a/misc/org.qutebrowser.qutebrowser.desktop
+++ b/misc/org.qutebrowser.qutebrowser.desktop
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
 Exec=qutebrowser --untrusted-args %u
 Terminal=false
 StartupNotify=true
-MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/qute;
+MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/webp;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/qute;
 Keywords=Browser
 Actions=new-window;preferences;
 
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-check-manifest.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-check-manifest.txt
index d4d85c486..349e4399b 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-check-manifest.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-check-manifest.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
 
-build==1.2.2
-check-manifest==0.49
+build==1.2.2.post1
+check-manifest==0.50
 importlib_metadata==8.5.0
 packaging==24.1
 pyproject_hooks==1.2.0
-tomli==2.0.1
+tomli==2.0.2
 zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt
index 063738395..ae3a154f7 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 autocommand==2.2.2
 backports.tarfile==1.2.0
-build==1.2.2
+build==1.2.2.post1
 bump2version==1.0.1
 certifi==2024.8.30
 cffi==1.17.1
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-cryptography==43.0.1
-docutils==0.20.1
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
+cryptography==43.0.3
+docutils==0.21.2
 github3.py==4.0.1
 hunter==3.7.0
 idna==3.10
@@ -37,15 +37,15 @@ Pympler==1.1
 pyproject_hooks==1.2.0
 PyQt-builder==1.16.4
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
-readme_renderer==43.0
+readme_renderer==44.0
 requests==2.32.3
 requests-toolbelt==1.0.0
 rfc3986==2.0.0
-rich==13.8.1
+rich==13.9.2
 SecretStorage==3.3.3
 sip==6.8.6
 six==1.16.0
-tomli==2.0.1
+tomli==2.0.2
 twine==5.1.1
 typeguard==4.3.0
 typing_extensions==4.12.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt-raw b/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt-raw
index fc991474c..8bf0d9772 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt-raw
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-dev.txt-raw
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ twine
 
 # Included to override setuptools' vendored version that is being included in
 # the lock file by pip freeze.
+importlib_resources
 platformdirs
 
 # Already included via test requirements
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt
index 5a6eb2344..abfdc7986 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt
@@ -2,20 +2,18 @@
 
 chardet==5.2.0
 diff_cover==9.2.0
-importlib_resources==6.4.5
 Jinja2==3.1.4
 lxml==5.3.0
-MarkupSafe==2.1.5
-mypy==1.11.2
+MarkupSafe==3.0.2
+mypy==1.12.1
 mypy-extensions==1.0.0
 pluggy==1.5.0
 Pygments==2.18.0
 PyQt5-stubs==5.15.6.0
-tomli==2.0.1
+tomli==2.0.2
 types-colorama==0.4.15.20240311
-types-docutils==0.21.0.20240907
+types-docutils==0.21.0.20241005
 types-Pygments==2.18.0.20240506
 types-PyYAML==6.0.12.20240917
-types-setuptools==75.1.0.20240917
+types-setuptools==75.2.0.20241019
 typing_extensions==4.12.2
-zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt-raw b/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt-raw
index 027f4fef6..683e8bec7 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt-raw
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-mypy.txt-raw
@@ -6,6 +6,3 @@ PyQt5-stubs
 types-PyYAML
 types-colorama
 types-Pygments
-
-# So stubs are available even on newer Python versions
-importlib_resources
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-pyinstaller.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-pyinstaller.txt
index d7e92fc61..20e298a71 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-pyinstaller.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-pyinstaller.txt
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
 altgraph==0.17.4
 importlib_metadata==8.5.0
 packaging==24.1
-pyinstaller==6.10.0
-pyinstaller-hooks-contrib==2024.8
+pyinstaller==6.11.0
+pyinstaller-hooks-contrib==2024.9
 zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt
index d053a6673..c1fffcd9c 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
 
-astroid==3.2.4
+astroid==3.3.5
 certifi==2024.8.30
 cffi==1.17.1
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-cryptography==43.0.1
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
+cryptography==43.0.3
 dill==0.3.9
 github3.py==4.0.1
 idna==3.10
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
 platformdirs==4.3.6
 pycparser==2.22
 PyJWT==2.9.0
-pylint==3.2.7
+pylint==3.3.1
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
 ./scripts/dev/pylint_checkers
 requests==2.32.3
 six==1.16.0
-tomli==2.0.1
+tomli==2.0.2
 tomlkit==0.13.2
 typing_extensions==4.12.2
 uritemplate==4.1.1
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt-raw b/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt-raw
index 99a2cf02f..78da3a1a3 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt-raw
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-pylint.txt-raw
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ pefile
 
 # fix qute-pylint location
 #@ replace: qute[_-]pylint.* ./scripts/dev/pylint_checkers
-#@ markers: typed-ast python_version<"3.8"
 
 # Already included via test requirements
 #@ ignore: urllib3
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-pyroma.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-pyroma.txt
index 223ada625..f67c21e82 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-pyroma.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-pyroma.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
 
-build==1.2.2
+build==1.2.2.post1
 certifi==2024.8.30
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-docutils==0.20.1
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
+docutils==0.21.2
 idna==3.10
 importlib_metadata==8.5.0
 packaging==24.1
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Pygments==2.18.0
 pyproject_hooks==1.2.0
 pyroma==4.2
 requests==2.32.3
-tomli==2.0.1
-trove-classifiers==2024.9.12
+tomli==2.0.2
+trove-classifiers==2024.10.16
 urllib3==2.2.3
 zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-qutebrowser.txt-raw b/misc/requirements/requirements-qutebrowser.txt-raw
index ca4081d1d..586049b82 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-qutebrowser.txt-raw
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-qutebrowser.txt-raw
@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ PyYAML
 #@ add: pyobjc-core ; sys_platform=="darwin"  
 #@ add: pyobjc-framework-Cocoa ; sys_platform=="darwin"
 
-## stdlib backports
-importlib_resources
-
 ## Optional dependencies
 Pygments  # For :view-source --pygments or on QtWebKit
 colorama  # Colored log output on Windows
 adblock  # Improved adblocking
-
-#@ markers: importlib_resources python_version=="3.8.*"
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-sphinx.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-sphinx.txt
index 2f0ba5b9a..7e0cd41b4 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-sphinx.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-sphinx.txt
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
 
-alabaster==0.7.13
+alabaster==0.7.16
 babel==2.16.0
 certifi==2024.8.30
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-docutils==0.20.1
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
+docutils==0.21.2
 idna==3.10
 imagesize==1.4.1
 importlib_metadata==8.5.0
 Jinja2==3.1.4
-MarkupSafe==2.1.5
+MarkupSafe==3.0.2
 packaging==24.1
 Pygments==2.18.0
-pytz==2024.2
 requests==2.32.3
 snowballstemmer==2.2.0
-Sphinx==7.1.2
-sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.4
-sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.2
-sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.0.1
+Sphinx==7.4.7
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==2.1.0
 sphinxcontrib-jsmath==1.0.1
-sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.3
-sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.5
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp==2.0.0
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==2.0.0
+tomli==2.0.2
 urllib3==2.2.3
 zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests-bleeding.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests-bleeding.txt
index 10369fc30..79d19910a 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests-bleeding.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests-bleeding.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ git+https://github.com/pallets/flask.git
 git+https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug.git  # transitive dep, but needed to work
 git+https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis.git#subdirectory=hypothesis-python
 git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest.git
-git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-bdd.git
+
+# https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/issues/8342
+# git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-bdd.git
+pytest-bdd
+
 git+https://github.com/ionelmc/pytest-benchmark.git
 git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-instafail.git
 git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-mock.git
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt
index dcd27b11a..6a360e7bd 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ backports.tarfile==1.2.0
 beautifulsoup4==4.12.3
 blinker==1.8.2
 certifi==2024.8.30
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+charset-normalizer==3.4.0
 cheroot==10.0.1
 click==8.1.7
-coverage==7.6.1
+coverage==7.6.4
 exceptiongroup==1.2.2
 execnet==2.1.1
 filelock==3.16.1
 Flask==3.0.3
 hunter==3.7.0
-hypothesis==6.112.2
+hypothesis==6.115.3
 idna==3.10
 importlib_metadata==8.5.0
-importlib_resources==6.4.5 ; python_version=="3.8.*"
+importlib_resources==6.4.5
 inflect==7.3.1
 iniconfig==2.0.0
 itsdangerous==2.2.0
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ jaraco.text==3.12.1
 # Jinja2==3.1.4
 Mako==1.3.5
 manhole==1.8.1
-# MarkupSafe==2.1.5
+# MarkupSafe==3.0.2
 more-itertools==10.5.0
 packaging==24.1
 parse==1.20.2
-parse_type==0.6.3
+parse_type==0.6.4
+pillow==11.0.0
 platformdirs==4.3.6
-pillow==10.4.0
 pluggy==1.5.0
 py-cpuinfo==9.0.0
 Pygments==2.18.0
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ six==1.16.0
 sortedcontainers==2.4.0
 soupsieve==2.6
 tldextract==5.1.2
-tomli==2.0.1
+tomli==2.0.2
 typeguard==4.3.0
 typing_extensions==4.12.2
 urllib3==2.2.3
-vulture==2.12
+vulture==2.13
 Werkzeug==3.0.4
 zipp==3.20.2
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt-raw b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt-raw
index 58984f164..1df954e53 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt-raw
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-tests.txt-raw
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ tldextract
 # Include them here even though we don't need them to make sure we at least
 # get an up to date version.
 importlib_resources
-#@ markers: importlib_resources python_version=="3.8.*"
 jaraco.context
 platformdirs
 
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-tox.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-tox.txt
index f66945528..d76fa3fc0 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-tox.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-tox.txt
@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@
 cachetools==5.5.0
 chardet==5.2.0
 colorama==0.4.6
-distlib==0.3.8
+distlib==0.3.9
 filelock==3.16.1
 packaging==24.1
 pip==24.2
 platformdirs==4.3.6
 pluggy==1.5.0
 pyproject-api==1.8.0
-setuptools==75.1.0
-tomli==2.0.1
-tox==4.20.0
-virtualenv==20.26.6
+setuptools==75.2.0
+tomli==2.0.2
+tox==4.23.0
+typing_extensions==4.12.2
+virtualenv==20.27.0
 wheel==0.44.0
diff --git a/misc/requirements/requirements-vulture.txt b/misc/requirements/requirements-vulture.txt
index 09294ac8d..bdedceb1d 100644
--- a/misc/requirements/requirements-vulture.txt
+++ b/misc/requirements/requirements-vulture.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
 
-tomli==2.0.1
-vulture==2.12
+tomli==2.0.2
+vulture==2.13
diff --git a/qutebrowser/api/cmdutils.py b/qutebrowser/api/cmdutils.py
index e5466f072..3939dbb0a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/api/cmdutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/api/cmdutils.py
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ Possible values:
 
 
 import inspect
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Protocol, Optional, Dict, cast
+from typing import Any, Protocol, Optional, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.utils import qtutils
 from qutebrowser.commands import command, cmdexc
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class _CmdHandlerType(Protocol):
     Below, we cast the decorated function to _CmdHandlerType to make mypy aware of this.
     """
 
-    qute_args: Optional[Dict[str, 'command.ArgInfo']]
+    qute_args: Optional[dict[str, 'command.ArgInfo']]
 
     def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         ...
diff --git a/qutebrowser/api/hook.py b/qutebrowser/api/hook.py
index 9a1a7bc9c..f62514e6a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/api/hook.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/api/hook.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 """Hooks for extensions."""
 
 import importlib
-from typing import Callable, Any
+from typing import Any
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 
 from qutebrowser.extensions import loader
diff --git a/qutebrowser/app.py b/qutebrowser/app.py
index 51603a2b9..66bd485fc 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/app.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/app.py
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ import tempfile
 import pathlib
 import datetime
 import argparse
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, List, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication, QWidget
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ def _open_special_pages(args):
     tabbed_browser = objreg.get('tabbed-browser', scope='window',
                                 window='last-focused')
 
-    pages: List[Tuple[str, bool, str]] = [
+    pages: list[tuple[str, bool, str]] = [
         # state, condition, URL
         ('quickstart-done',
          True,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/browsertab.py b/qutebrowser/browser/browsertab.py
index 625046a9c..74eacfcd0 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/browsertab.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/browsertab.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import pathlib
 import itertools
 import functools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import (cast, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Optional,
-                    Sequence, Set, Type, Union, Tuple)
+from typing import (cast, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QUrl, QObject, QSizeF, Qt,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def create(win_id: int,
     mode_manager = modeman.instance(win_id)
     if objects.backend == usertypes.Backend.QtWebEngine:
         from qutebrowser.browser.webengine import webenginetab
-        tab_class: Type[AbstractTab] = webenginetab.WebEngineTab
+        tab_class: type[AbstractTab] = webenginetab.WebEngineTab
     elif objects.backend == usertypes.Backend.QtWebKit:
         from qutebrowser.browser.webkit import webkittab
         tab_class = webkittab.WebKitTab
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class AbstractAction:
 
     """Attribute ``action`` of AbstractTab for Qt WebActions."""
 
-    action_base: Type[Union['QWebPage.WebAction', 'QWebEnginePage.WebAction']]
+    action_base: type[Union['QWebPage.WebAction', 'QWebEnginePage.WebAction']]
 
     def __init__(self, tab: 'AbstractTab') -> None:
         self._widget = cast(_WidgetType, None)
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class AbstractScroller(QObject):
     def pos_px(self) -> QPoint:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def pos_perc(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def pos_perc(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def to_perc(self, x: float = None, y: float = None) -> None:
@@ -765,10 +765,10 @@ class AbstractHistory:
     def _go_to_item(self, item: Any) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def back_items(self) -> List[Any]:
+    def back_items(self) -> list[Any]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def forward_items(self) -> List[Any]:
+    def forward_items(self) -> list[Any]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ class AbstractTab(QWidget):
     # Note that we remember hosts here, without scheme/port:
     # QtWebEngine/Chromium also only remembers hostnames, and certificates are
     # for a given hostname anyways.
-    _insecure_hosts: Set[str] = set()
+    _insecure_hosts: set[str] = set()
 
     # Sub-APIs initialized by subclasses
     history: AbstractHistory
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/commands.py b/qutebrowser/browser/commands.py
index 32533709c..65d6635a3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/commands.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/commands.py
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
+# pylint: disable=too-many-positional-arguments
+
 """Command dispatcher for TabbedBrowser."""
 
 import os.path
 import shlex
 import functools
-from typing import cast, Callable, Dict, Union, Optional
+from typing import cast, Union, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication, QTabBar
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt, QUrl, QEvent, QUrlQuery
@@ -636,7 +639,7 @@ class CommandDispatcher:
         widget = self._current_widget()
         url = self._current_url()
 
-        handlers: Dict[str, Callable[..., QUrl]] = {
+        handlers: dict[str, Callable[..., QUrl]] = {
             'prev': functools.partial(navigate.prevnext, prev=True),
             'next': functools.partial(navigate.prevnext, prev=False),
             'up': navigate.path_up,
@@ -1136,8 +1139,7 @@ class CommandDispatcher:
         else:
             cmd = os.path.expanduser(cmd)
             proc = guiprocess.GUIProcess(what='command', verbose=verbose,
-                                         output_messages=output_messages,
-                                         parent=self._tabbed_browser)
+                                         output_messages=output_messages)
             if detach:
                 ok = proc.start_detached(cmd, args)
                 if not ok:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/downloads.py b/qutebrowser/browser/downloads.py
index fbbf4ff11..53cc823f0 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/downloads.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/downloads.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import functools
 import pathlib
 import tempfile
 import enum
-from typing import Any, Dict, IO, List, MutableSequence, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, IO, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, Qt, QObject, QModelIndex,
                           QTimer, QAbstractListModel, QUrl)
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ class AbstractDownloadItem(QObject):
             UnsupportedAttribute, IO[bytes], None
         ] = UnsupportedAttribute()
         self.raw_headers: Union[
-            UnsupportedAttribute, Dict[bytes, bytes]
+            UnsupportedAttribute, dict[bytes, bytes]
         ] = UnsupportedAttribute()
 
         self._filename: Optional[str] = None
@@ -899,7 +900,7 @@ class AbstractDownloadManager(QObject):
 
     def __init__(self, parent=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
-        self.downloads: List[AbstractDownloadItem] = []
+        self.downloads: list[AbstractDownloadItem] = []
         self._update_timer = usertypes.Timer(self, 'download-update')
         self._update_timer.timeout.connect(self._update_gui)
         self._update_timer.setInterval(_REFRESH_INTERVAL)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/downloadview.py b/qutebrowser/browser/downloadview.py
index 4b6a8b2c8..5f67b344d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/downloadview.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/downloadview.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 """The ListView to display downloads in."""
 
 import functools
-from typing import Callable, MutableSequence, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Union
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, QSize, Qt
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QListView, QSizePolicy, QMenu, QStyleFactory
@@ -17,8 +18,8 @@ from qutebrowser.utils import qtutils, utils
 
 _ActionListType = MutableSequence[
     Union[
-        Tuple[None, None],  # separator
-        Tuple[str, Callable[[], None]],
+        tuple[None, None],  # separator
+        tuple[str, Callable[[], None]],
     ]
 ]
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/greasemonkey.py b/qutebrowser/browser/greasemonkey.py
index d41d46361..ab63046db 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/greasemonkey.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/greasemonkey.py
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import functools
 import glob
 import textwrap
 import dataclasses
-from typing import cast, List, Sequence, Tuple, Optional
+from typing import cast, Optional
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QObject, QUrl
 
@@ -207,9 +208,9 @@ class MatchingScripts:
     """All userscripts registered to run on a particular url."""
 
     url: QUrl
-    start: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-    end: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-    idle: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    start: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    end: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    idle: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -217,8 +218,8 @@ class LoadResults:
 
     """The results of loading all Greasemonkey scripts."""
 
-    successful: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-    errors: List[Tuple[str, str]] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    successful: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    errors: list[tuple[str, str]] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
     def successful_str(self) -> str:
         """Get a string with all successfully loaded scripts.
@@ -294,10 +295,10 @@ class GreasemonkeyManager(QObject):
 
     def __init__(self, parent=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
-        self._run_start: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
-        self._run_end: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
-        self._run_idle: List[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
-        self._in_progress_dls: List[downloads.AbstractDownloadItem] = []
+        self._run_start: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
+        self._run_end: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
+        self._run_idle: list[GreasemonkeyScript] = []
+        self._in_progress_dls: list[downloads.AbstractDownloadItem] = []
 
     def load_scripts(self, *, force: bool = False) -> LoadResults:
         """Re-read Greasemonkey scripts from disk.
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/hints.py b/qutebrowser/browser/hints.py
index dc5c55b05..b3f45610d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/hints.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/hints.py
@@ -12,8 +12,15 @@ import html
 import enum
 import dataclasses
 from string import ascii_lowercase
-from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Mapping,
-                    MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence, Set)
+from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Optional)
+from collections.abc import (
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    Sequence,
+    Callable,
+)
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QObject, Qt, QUrl
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QLabel
@@ -175,11 +182,11 @@ class HintContext:
     add_history: bool
     first: bool
     baseurl: QUrl
-    args: List[str]
+    args: list[str]
     group: str
 
-    all_labels: List[HintLabel] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-    labels: Dict[str, HintLabel] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
+    all_labels: list[HintLabel] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    labels: dict[str, HintLabel] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
     to_follow: Optional[str] = None
     first_run: bool = True
     filterstr: Optional[str] = None
@@ -1033,7 +1040,7 @@ class WordHinter:
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         # will be initialized on first use.
-        self.words: Set[str] = set()
+        self.words: set[str] = set()
         self.dictionary = None
 
     def ensure_initialized(self) -> None:
@@ -1143,7 +1150,7 @@ class WordHinter:
         """
         self.ensure_initialized()
         hints = []
-        used_hints: Set[str] = set()
+        used_hints: set[str] = set()
         words = iter(self.words)
         for elem in elems:
             hint = self.new_hint_for(elem, used_hints, words)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/history.py b/qutebrowser/browser/history.py
index 45bfeddbf..ebcd26e72 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/history.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/history.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import os
 import time
 import contextlib
 import pathlib
-from typing import cast, Mapping, MutableSequence, Optional
+from typing import cast, Optional
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, QUrl, QObject, pyqtSignal
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/navigate.py b/qutebrowser/browser/navigate.py
index e75365bcd..956f222b4 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/navigate.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/navigate.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import re
 import posixpath
-from typing import Optional, Set
+from typing import Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def incdec(url, count, inc_or_dec):
         inc_or_dec: Either 'increment' or 'decrement'.
     """
     urlutils.ensure_valid(url)
-    segments: Optional[Set[str]] = (
+    segments: Optional[set[str]] = (
         set(config.val.url.incdec_segments)
     )
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/network/pac.py b/qutebrowser/browser/network/pac.py
index 656c620db..20516366e 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/network/pac.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/network/pac.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class PACFetcher(QObject):
         pac_prefix = "pac+"
 
         assert url.scheme().startswith(pac_prefix)
-        url.setScheme(url.scheme()[len(pac_prefix):])
+        url.setScheme(url.scheme().removeprefix(pac_prefix))
 
         self._pac_url = url
         with qtlog.disable_qt_msghandler():
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/network/proxy.py b/qutebrowser/browser/network/proxy.py
index 5b29c29fc..3e549dfb7 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/network/proxy.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/network/proxy.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Handling of proxies."""
 
-from typing import Optional, List
+from typing import Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, pyqtSlot
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import QNetworkProxy, QNetworkProxyFactory, QNetworkProxyQuery
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ProxyFactory(QNetworkProxyFactory):
             capabilities &= ~lookup_cap
         proxy.setCapabilities(capabilities)
 
-    def queryProxy(self, query: QNetworkProxyQuery = QNetworkProxyQuery()) -> List[QNetworkProxy]:
+    def queryProxy(self, query: QNetworkProxyQuery = QNetworkProxyQuery()) -> list[QNetworkProxy]:
         """Get the QNetworkProxies for a query.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/qtnetworkdownloads.py b/qutebrowser/browser/qtnetworkdownloads.py
index 63122208f..3d3c0475a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/qtnetworkdownloads.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/qtnetworkdownloads.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import os.path
 import shutil
 import functools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Dict, IO, Optional
+from typing import IO, Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, QTimer, QUrl
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class DownloadItem(downloads.AbstractDownloadItem):
         """
         super().__init__(manager=manager, parent=manager)
         self.fileobj: Optional[IO[bytes]] = None
-        self.raw_headers: Dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+        self.raw_headers: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
 
         self._autoclose = True
         self._retry_info = None
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/qutescheme.py b/qutebrowser/browser/qutescheme.py
index 508d510d7..a6a4e8763 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/qutescheme.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/qutescheme.py
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ import textwrap
 import urllib
 import collections
 import secrets
-from typing import TypeVar, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Union, Sequence, Tuple
+from typing import TypeVar, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrlQuery, QUrl
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ pyeval_output = ":pyeval was never called"
 csrf_token: Optional[str] = None
 
 
-_HANDLERS: Dict[str, "_HandlerCallable"] = {}
+_HANDLERS: dict[str, "_HandlerCallable"] = {}
 
 
 class Error(Exception):
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class Redirect(Exception):
 
 
 # Return value: (mimetype, data) (encoded as utf-8 if a str is returned)
-_HandlerRet = Tuple[str, Union[str, bytes]]
+_HandlerRet = tuple[str, Union[str, bytes]]
 _HandlerCallable = Callable[[QUrl], _HandlerRet]
 _Handler = TypeVar('_Handler', bound=_HandlerCallable)
 
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class add_handler:  # noqa: N801,N806 pylint: disable=invalid-name
         return self._function(url)
 
 
-def data_for_url(url: QUrl) -> Tuple[str, bytes]:
+def data_for_url(url: QUrl) -> tuple[str, bytes]:
     """Get the data to show for the given URL.
 
     Args:
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def qute_bookmarks(_url: QUrl) -> _HandlerRet:
 @add_handler('tabs')
 def qute_tabs(_url: QUrl) -> _HandlerRet:
     """Handler for qute://tabs. Display information about all open tabs."""
-    tabs: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, str]]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    tabs: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
     for win_id, window in objreg.window_registry.items():
         if sip.isdeleted(window):
             continue
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ def qute_tabs(_url: QUrl) -> _HandlerRet:
 def history_data(
         start_time: float,
         offset: int = None
-) -> Sequence[Dict[str, Union[str, int]]]:
+) -> Sequence[dict[str, Union[str, int]]]:
     """Return history data.
 
     Arguments:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/shared.py b/qutebrowser/browser/shared.py
index 3fa52c996..061b820b9 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/shared.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/shared.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import html
 import enum
 import netrc
 import tempfile
-from typing import Callable, Mapping, List, Optional, Iterable, Iterator
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Iterable, Iterator, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, pyqtBoundSignal
 
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ class FileSelectionMode(enum.Enum):
     folder = enum.auto()
 
 
-def choose_file(qb_mode: FileSelectionMode) -> List[str]:
+def choose_file(qb_mode: FileSelectionMode) -> list[str]:
     """Select file(s)/folder for up-/downloading, using an external command.
 
     Args:
@@ -497,10 +498,10 @@ def choose_file(qb_mode: FileSelectionMode) -> List[str]:
 
 
 def _execute_fileselect_command(
-    command: List[str],
+    command: list[str],
     qb_mode: FileSelectionMode,
     tmpfilename: Optional[str] = None
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
     """Execute external command to choose file.
 
     Args:
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ def _execute_fileselect_command(
 
 def _validated_selected_files(
     qb_mode: FileSelectionMode,
-    selected_files: List[str],
+    selected_files: list[str],
 ) -> Iterator[str]:
     """Validates selected files if they are.
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/urlmarks.py b/qutebrowser/browser/urlmarks.py
index 2d2563a1a..f9879274b 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/urlmarks.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/urlmarks.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import os.path
 import html
 import functools
 import collections
-from typing import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QUrl, QObject
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webelem.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webelem.py
index 556623ee5..82960cc8d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webelem.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webelem.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """Generic web element related code."""
 
-from typing import Iterator, Optional, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Dict
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 import collections.abc
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ class AbstractWebElement(collections.abc.MutableMapping):  # type: ignore[type-a
         """Get the geometry for this element."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def classes(self) -> Set[str]:
+    def classes(self) -> set[str]:
         """Get a set of classes assigned to this element."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ class AbstractWebElement(collections.abc.MutableMapping):  # type: ignore[type-a
         log.webelem.debug("Sending fake click to {!r} at position {} with "
                           "target {}".format(self, pos, click_target))
 
-        target_modifiers: Dict[usertypes.ClickTarget, KeyboardModifierType] = {
+        target_modifiers: dict[usertypes.ClickTarget, KeyboardModifierType] = {
             usertypes.ClickTarget.normal: Qt.KeyboardModifier.NoModifier,
             usertypes.ClickTarget.window: Qt.KeyboardModifier.AltModifier | Qt.KeyboardModifier.ShiftModifier,
             usertypes.ClickTarget.tab: Qt.KeyboardModifier.ControlModifier,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/darkmode.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/darkmode.py
index 8f1908547..88b71a8fe 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/darkmode.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/darkmode.py
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ import copy
 import enum
 import dataclasses
 import collections
-from typing import (Any, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union,
-                    Sequence, List)
+from typing import (Any, Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.config import config
 from qutebrowser.utils import usertypes, utils, log, version
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class _Setting:
             return str(value)
         return str(self.mapping[value])
 
-    def chromium_tuple(self, value: Any) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
+    def chromium_tuple(self, value: Any) -> Optional[tuple[str, str]]:
         """Get the Chromium key and value, or None if no value should be set."""
         if self.mapping is not None and self.mapping[value] is None:
             return None
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class _Definition:
     def __init__(
             self,
             *args: _Setting,
-            mandatory: Set[str],
+            mandatory: set[str],
             prefix: str,
             switch_names: Mapping[Optional[str], str] = None,
     ) -> None:
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class _Definition:
         else:
             self._switch_names = {None: _BLINK_SETTINGS}
 
-    def prefixed_settings(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, _Setting]]:
+    def prefixed_settings(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, _Setting]]:
         """Get all "prepared" settings.
 
         Yields tuples which contain the Chromium setting key (e.g. 'blink-settings' or
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def settings(
         *,
         versions: version.WebEngineVersions,
         special_flags: Sequence[str],
-) -> Mapping[str, Sequence[Tuple[str, str]]]:
+) -> Mapping[str, Sequence[tuple[str, str]]]:
     """Get necessary blink settings to configure dark mode for QtWebEngine.
 
     Args:
@@ -413,12 +413,12 @@ def settings(
     variant = _variant(versions)
     log.init.debug(f"Darkmode variant: {variant.name}")
 
-    result: Mapping[str, List[Tuple[str, str]]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    result: Mapping[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
     blink_settings_flag = f'--{_BLINK_SETTINGS}='
     for flag in special_flags:
         if flag.startswith(blink_settings_flag):
-            for pair in flag[len(blink_settings_flag):].split(','):
+            for pair in flag.removeprefix(blink_settings_flag).split(','):
                 key, val = pair.split('=', maxsplit=1)
                 result[_BLINK_SETTINGS].append((key, val))
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/notification.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/notification.py
index e8b2e27f1..d49446065 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/notification.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/notification.py
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ import dataclasses
 import itertools
 import functools
 import subprocess
-from typing import Any, List, Dict, Optional, Iterator, Type, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (Qt, QObject, QVariant, QMetaType, QByteArray, pyqtSlot,
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class NotificationBridgePresenter(QObject):
     def __init__(self, parent: QObject = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
 
-        self._active_notifications: Dict[int, 'QWebEngineNotification'] = {}
+        self._active_notifications: dict[int, 'QWebEngineNotification'] = {}
         self._adapter: Optional[AbstractNotificationAdapter] = None
 
         config.instance.changed.connect(self._init_adapter)
@@ -232,8 +233,8 @@ class NotificationBridgePresenter(QObject):
     def _get_adapter_candidates(
         self,
         setting: str,
-    ) -> List[Type[AbstractNotificationAdapter]]:
-        candidates: Dict[str, List[Type[AbstractNotificationAdapter]]] = {
+    ) -> list[type[AbstractNotificationAdapter]]:
+        candidates: dict[str, list[type[AbstractNotificationAdapter]]] = {
             "libnotify": [
                 DBusNotificationAdapter,
                 SystrayNotificationAdapter,
@@ -665,7 +666,7 @@ class _ServerCapabilities:
     kde_origin_name: bool
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_list(cls, capabilities: List[str]) -> "_ServerCapabilities":
+    def from_list(cls, capabilities: list[str]) -> "_ServerCapabilities":
         return cls(
             actions='actions' in capabilities,
             body_markup='body-markup' in capabilities,
@@ -951,10 +952,10 @@ class DBusNotificationAdapter(AbstractNotificationAdapter):
             qtutils.extract_enum_val(QMetaType.Type.QStringList),
         )
 
-    def _get_hints_arg(self, *, origin_url: QUrl, icon: QImage) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _get_hints_arg(self, *, origin_url: QUrl, icon: QImage) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Get the hints argument for present()."""
         origin_url_str = origin_url.toDisplayString()
-        hints: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        hints: dict[str, Any] = {
             # Include the origin in case the user wants to do different things
             # with different origin's notifications.
             "x-qutebrowser-origin": origin_url_str,
@@ -984,7 +985,7 @@ class DBusNotificationAdapter(AbstractNotificationAdapter):
         title: str,
         body: str,
         actions: QDBusArgument,
-        hints: Dict[str, Any],
+        hints: dict[str, Any],
         timeout: int,
     ) -> Any:
         """Wrapper around DBus call to use keyword args."""
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webengineelem.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webengineelem.py
index c387ebbcf..f65044998 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webengineelem.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webengineelem.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 """QtWebEngine specific part of the web element API."""
 
 from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union)
+    TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QRect, QEventLoop
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ class WebEngineElement(webelem.AbstractWebElement):
 
     _tab: "webenginetab.WebEngineTab"
 
-    def __init__(self, js_dict: Dict[str, Any],
+    def __init__(self, js_dict: dict[str, Any],
                  tab: 'webenginetab.WebEngineTab') -> None:
         super().__init__(tab)
         # Do some sanity checks on the data we get from JS
-        js_dict_types: Dict[str, Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]]] = {
+        js_dict_types: dict[str, Union[type, tuple[type, ...]]] = {
             'id': int,
             'text': str,
             'value': (str, int, float),
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class WebEngineElement(webelem.AbstractWebElement):
         log.stub()
         return QRect()
 
-    def classes(self) -> Set[str]:
+    def classes(self) -> set[str]:
         """Get a list of classes assigned to this element."""
         return set(self._js_dict['class_name'].split())
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webenginesettings.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webenginesettings.py
index 83c54a3b3..c7b07f6e3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webenginesettings.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webenginesettings.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Module attributes:
 import os
 import operator
 import pathlib
-from typing import cast, Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import cast, Any, Optional, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QFont
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ def _init_default_settings():
     - Make sure the devtools always get images/JS permissions.
     - On Qt 6, make sure files in the data path can load external resources.
     """
-    devtools_settings: List[Tuple[str, Any]] = [
+    devtools_settings: list[tuple[str, Any]] = [
         ('content.javascript.enabled', True),
         ('content.images', True),
         ('content.cookies.accept', 'all'),
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ def _init_default_settings():
                                     hide_userconfig=True)
 
     if machinery.IS_QT6:
-        userscripts_settings: List[Tuple[str, Any]] = [
+        userscripts_settings: list[tuple[str, Any]] = [
             ("content.local_content_can_access_remote_urls", True),
             ("content.local_content_can_access_file_urls", False),
         ]
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webview.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webview.py
index 96c0c97e5..0b1d41599 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webview.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webengine/webview.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 """The main browser widget for QtWebEngine."""
 
 import mimetypes
-from typing import List, Iterable, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QUrl
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ class WebEnginePage(QWebEnginePage):
         mode: QWebEnginePage.FileSelectionMode,
         old_files: Iterable[Optional[str]],
         accepted_mimetypes: Iterable[Optional[str]],
-    ) -> List[str]:
+    ) -> list[str]:
         """Override chooseFiles to (optionally) invoke custom file uploader."""
         accepted_mimetypes_filtered = [m for m in accepted_mimetypes if m is not None]
         old_files_filtered = [f for f in old_files if f is not None]
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/certificateerror.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/certificateerror.py
index 59d9cc897..2c18af62e 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/certificateerror.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/certificateerror.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """A wrapper over a list of QSslErrors."""
 
-from typing import Sequence, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import QSslError, QNetworkReply
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/cookies.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/cookies.py
index 9e6ae2f1b..af881175d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/cookies.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/cookies.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Handling of HTTP cookies."""
 
-from typing import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import QNetworkCookie, QNetworkCookieJar
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QDateTime
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/httpheaders.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/httpheaders.py
index 95b7b7104..5c22405e0 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/httpheaders.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/httpheaders.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import email.headerregistry
 import email.errors
 import dataclasses
 import os.path
-from typing import Type
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import QNetworkRequest
 
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ class DefectWrapper:
 
     """Wrapper around a email.error for comparison."""
 
-    error_class: Type[email.errors.MessageDefect]
+    error_class: type[email.errors.MessageDefect]
     line: str
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/mhtml.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/mhtml.py
index 692689b0a..11e381929 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/mhtml.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/mhtml.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import email.mime.multipart
 import email.message
 import quopri
 import dataclasses
-from typing import MutableMapping, Set, Tuple, Callable
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class MHTMLWriter:
         return msg
 
 
-_PendingDownloadType = Set[Tuple[QUrl, downloads.AbstractDownloadItem]]
+_PendingDownloadType = set[tuple[QUrl, downloads.AbstractDownloadItem]]
 
 
 class _Downloader:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/network/networkmanager.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/network/networkmanager.py
index 06402a547..a950d4239 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/network/networkmanager.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/network/networkmanager.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 import collections
 import html
 import dataclasses
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, MutableMapping, Optional, Set
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, QUrl, QByteArray
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import (QNetworkAccessManager, QNetworkReply, QSslConfiguration,
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 HOSTBLOCK_ERROR_STRING = '%HOSTBLOCK%'
-_proxy_auth_cache: Dict['ProxyId', 'prompt.AuthInfo'] = {}
+_proxy_auth_cache: dict['ProxyId', 'prompt.AuthInfo'] = {}
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ def init():
 
 _SavedErrorsType = MutableMapping[
     urlutils.HostTupleType,
-    Set[certificateerror.CertificateErrorWrapper],
+    set[certificateerror.CertificateErrorWrapper],
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/tabhistory.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/tabhistory.py
index 80a572385..458f493d1 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/tabhistory.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/tabhistory.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """Utilities related to QWebHistory."""
 
-from typing import Any, List, Mapping
+from typing import Any
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QByteArray, QDataStream, QIODevice, QUrl
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ def serialize(items):
     """
     data = QByteArray()
     stream = QDataStream(data, QIODevice.OpenModeFlag.ReadWrite)
-    user_data: List[Mapping[str, Any]] = []
+    user_data: list[Mapping[str, Any]] = []
 
     current_idx = None
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkitelem.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkitelem.py
index 0400358af..6088a29d3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkitelem.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkitelem.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """QtWebKit specific part of the web element API."""
 
-from typing import cast, TYPE_CHECKING, Iterator, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import cast, TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QRect, Qt
 # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class WebKitElement(webelem.AbstractWebElement):
         self._check_vanished()
         return self._elem.geometry()
 
-    def classes(self) -> Set[str]:
+    def classes(self) -> set[str]:
         self._check_vanished()
         return set(self._elem.classes())
 
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ class WebKitElement(webelem.AbstractWebElement):
         super()._click_fake_event(click_target)
 
 
-def get_child_frames(startframe: QWebFrame) -> List[QWebFrame]:
+def get_child_frames(startframe: QWebFrame) -> list[QWebFrame]:
     """Get all children recursively of a given QWebFrame.
 
     Loosely based on https://blog.nextgenetics.net/?e=64
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ def get_child_frames(startframe: QWebFrame) -> List[QWebFrame]:
     results = []
     frames = [startframe]
     while frames:
-        new_frames: List[QWebFrame] = []
+        new_frames: list[QWebFrame] = []
         for frame in frames:
             results.append(frame)
             new_frames += frame.childFrames()
diff --git a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkittab.py b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkittab.py
index 1ae976bea..d89295440 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkittab.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/browser/webkit/webkittab.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 import re
 import functools
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
-from typing import cast, Iterable, Optional
+from typing import cast, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, Qt, QUrl, QPoint, QTimer, QSizeF, QSize
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QIcon
diff --git a/qutebrowser/commands/cmdexc.py b/qutebrowser/commands/cmdexc.py
index 4335a10e6..9bb5decc3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/commands/cmdexc.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/commands/cmdexc.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 Defined here to avoid circular dependency hell.
 """
 
-from typing import List
 import difflib
 
 
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ class NoSuchCommandError(Error):
     """Raised when a command isn't found."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_cmd(cls, cmd: str, all_commands: List[str] = None) -> "NoSuchCommandError":
+    def for_cmd(cls, cmd: str, all_commands: list[str] = None) -> "NoSuchCommandError":
         """Raise an exception for the given command."""
         suffix = ''
         if all_commands:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/commands/command.py b/qutebrowser/commands/command.py
index effdcc9b0..620f6a4ae 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/commands/command.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/commands/command.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import collections
 import traceback
 import typing
 import dataclasses
-from typing import (Any, MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Tuple, Union, List, Optional,
-                    Callable)
+from typing import (Any, Union, Optional)
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.api import cmdutils
 from qutebrowser.commands import cmdexc, argparser
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class ArgInfo:
     metavar: Optional[str] = None
     flag: Optional[str] = None
     completion: Optional[Callable[..., completionmodel.CompletionModel]] = None
-    choices: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    choices: Optional[list[str]] = None
 
 
 class Command:
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ class Command:
         self.parser.add_argument('-h', '--help', action=argparser.HelpAction,
                                  default=argparser.SUPPRESS, nargs=0,
                                  help=argparser.SUPPRESS)
-        self.opt_args: MutableMapping[str, Tuple[str, str]] = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self.opt_args: MutableMapping[str, tuple[str, str]] = collections.OrderedDict()
         self.namespace = None
         self._count = None
-        self.pos_args: MutableSequence[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+        self.pos_args: MutableSequence[tuple[str, str]] = []
         self.flags_with_args: MutableSequence[str] = []
         self._has_vararg = False
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/commands/parser.py b/qutebrowser/commands/parser.py
index d45a18aea..00e5c9083 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/commands/parser.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/commands/parser.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 """Module for parsing commands entered into the browser."""
 
 import dataclasses
-from typing import List, Iterator
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.commands import cmdexc, command
 from qutebrowser.misc import split, objects
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ class ParseResult:
     """The result of parsing a commandline."""
 
     cmd: command.Command
-    args: List[str]
-    cmdline: List[str]
+    args: list[str]
+    cmdline: list[str]
 
 
 class CommandParser:
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class CommandParser:
         for sub in sub_texts:
             yield self.parse(sub, **kwargs)
 
-    def parse_all(self, text: str, **kwargs: bool) -> List[ParseResult]:
+    def parse_all(self, text: str, **kwargs: bool) -> list[ParseResult]:
         """Wrapper over _parse_all_gen."""
         return list(self._parse_all_gen(text, **kwargs))
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class CommandParser:
             cmdstr = matches[0]
         return cmdstr
 
-    def _split_args(self, cmd: command.Command, argstr: str, keep: bool) -> List[str]:
+    def _split_args(self, cmd: command.Command, argstr: str, keep: bool) -> list[str]:
         """Split the arguments from an arg string.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/commands/runners.py b/qutebrowser/commands/runners.py
index dec1fb4f5..636f1bf6b 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/commands/runners.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/commands/runners.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 import traceback
 import re
 import contextlib
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Tuple, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, QUrl, QObject
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 _ReplacementFunction = Callable[['tabbedbrowser.TabbedBrowser'], str]
 
 
-last_command: Dict[usertypes.KeyMode, Tuple[str, int]] = {}
+last_command: dict[usertypes.KeyMode, tuple[str, int]] = {}
 
 
 def _url(tabbed_browser):
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ def _url(tabbed_browser):
 
 def _init_variable_replacements() -> Mapping[str, _ReplacementFunction]:
     """Return a dict from variable replacements to fns processing them."""
-    replacements: Dict[str, _ReplacementFunction] = {
+    replacements: dict[str, _ReplacementFunction] = {
         'url': lambda tb: _url(tb).toString(
             QUrl.ComponentFormattingOption.FullyEncoded | QUrl.UrlFormattingOption.RemovePassword),
         'url:pretty': lambda tb: _url(tb).toString(
diff --git a/qutebrowser/commands/userscripts.py b/qutebrowser/commands/userscripts.py
index 01710a63c..e929de3d2 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/commands/userscripts.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/commands/userscripts.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 import os
 import os.path
 import tempfile
-from typing import cast, Any, MutableMapping, Tuple
+from typing import cast, Any
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QObject, QSocketNotifier
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ class _BaseUserscriptRunner(QObject):
         self._env: MutableMapping[str, str] = {}
         self._text_stored = False
         self._html_stored = False
-        self._args: Tuple[Any, ...] = ()
+        self._args: tuple[Any, ...] = ()
         self._kwargs = {}
 
     def store_text(self, text):
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class _BaseUserscriptRunner(QObject):
 
         self.proc = guiprocess.GUIProcess(
             'userscript', additional_env=self._env,
-            output_messages=output_messages, verbose=verbose, parent=self)
+            output_messages=output_messages, verbose=verbose)
         self.proc.finished.connect(self.on_proc_finished)
         self.proc.error.connect(self.on_proc_error)
         self.proc.start(cmd, args)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/completer.py b/qutebrowser/completion/completer.py
index 846fa7c22..408660c3a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/completer.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/completer.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class Completer(QObject):
         Return:
             ([parts_before_cursor], 'part_under_cursor', [parts_after_cursor])
         """
-        text = self._cmd.text()[len(self._cmd.prefix()):]
+        text = self._cmd.text().removeprefix(self._cmd.prefix())
         if not text or not text.strip():
             # Only ":", empty part under the cursor with nothing before/after
             return [], '', []
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/__init__.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/__init__.py
index 4fd45e160..a55a91215 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/__init__.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """Models for the command completion."""
 
-from typing import Sequence, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from qutebrowser.completion.models.util import DeleteFuncType
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QAbstractItemModel
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/completionmodel.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/completionmodel.py
index 5a85f7281..a4eed93d1 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/completionmodel.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/completionmodel.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """A model that proxies access to one or more completion categories."""
 
-from typing import MutableSequence, overload, Optional, Any, cast
+from typing import overload, Optional, Any, cast
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt, QModelIndex, QAbstractItemModel, QObject
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/filepathcategory.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/filepathcategory.py
index 23ad0d173..0b2d887b8 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/filepathcategory.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/filepathcategory.py
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ is harder to achieve via pathlib.
 import glob
 import os
 import os.path
-from typing import List, Optional, Iterable
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QAbstractListModel, QModelIndex, QObject, Qt, QUrl
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ class FilePathCategory(QAbstractListModel, BaseCategory):
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, parent: QObject = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
-        self._paths: List[str] = []
+        self._paths: list[str] = []
         self.name = name
         self.columns_to_filter = [0]
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/listcategory.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/listcategory.py
index 10639f47d..088f93791 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/listcategory.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/listcategory.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 """Completion category that uses a list of tuples as a data source."""
 
 import re
-from typing import Iterable, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QSortFilterProxyModel, QRegularExpression
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QStandardItem, QStandardItemModel
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class ListCategory(QSortFilterProxyModel, BaseCategory):
 
     def __init__(self,
                  name: str,
-                 items: Iterable[Tuple[str, ...]],
+                 items: Iterable[tuple[str, ...]],
                  sort: bool = True,
                  delete_func: util.DeleteFuncType = None,
                  parent: QWidget = None):
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/miscmodels.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/miscmodels.py
index ea3febe4d..da7c65094 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/miscmodels.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/miscmodels.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import datetime
 import itertools
-from typing import List, Sequence, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.config import config, configdata
 from qutebrowser.utils import objreg, log, utils
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def _tabs(*, win_id_filter=lambda _win_id: True, add_win_id=True, cur_win_id=Non
 
     tabs_are_windows = config.val.tabs.tabs_are_windows
     # list storing all single-tabbed windows when tabs_are_windows
-    windows: List[Tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
+    windows: list[tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
 
     for win_id in objreg.window_registry:
         if not win_id_filter(win_id):
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def _tabs(*, win_id_filter=lambda _win_id: True, add_win_id=True, cur_win_id=Non
                                     window=win_id)
         if tabbed_browser.is_shutting_down:
             continue
-        tab_entries: List[Tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
+        tab_entries: list[tuple[str, str, str, str]] = []
         for idx in range(tabbed_browser.widget.count()):
             tab = tabbed_browser.widget.widget(idx)
             tab_str = ("{}/{}".format(win_id, idx + 1) if add_win_id
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/urlmodel.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/urlmodel.py
index 10bee0393..7532428f1 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/urlmodel.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/urlmodel.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Function to return the url completion model for the `open` command."""
 
-from typing import Dict, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.completion.models import (completionmodel, filepathcategory,
                                            listcategory, histcategory,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def url(*, info):
                      in sorted(config.val.url.searchengines.items())
                      if k != 'DEFAULT']
     categories = config.val.completion.open_categories
-    models: Dict[str, BaseCategory] = {}
+    models: dict[str, BaseCategory] = {}
 
     if searchengines and 'searchengines' in categories:
         models['searchengines'] = listcategory.ListCategory(
diff --git a/qutebrowser/completion/models/util.py b/qutebrowser/completion/models/util.py
index 492e1b2e5..fb48017e8 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/completion/models/util.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/completion/models/util.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Utility functions for completion models."""
 
-from typing import Callable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.utils import usertypes
 from qutebrowser.misc import objects
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/braveadblock.py b/qutebrowser/components/braveadblock.py
index a827eb546..5be1efbfe 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/braveadblock.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/braveadblock.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import pathlib
 import functools
 import contextlib
 import subprocess
-from typing import Optional, IO, Iterator
+from typing import Optional, IO
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/hostblock.py b/qutebrowser/components/hostblock.py
index 672a530df..7777e1429 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/hostblock.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/hostblock.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import posixpath
 import zipfile
 import logging
 import pathlib
-from typing import cast, IO, Set
+from typing import cast, IO
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class HostBlocker:
     ) -> None:
         self.enabled = _should_be_used()
         self._has_basedir = has_basedir
-        self._blocked_hosts: Set[str] = set()
-        self._config_blocked_hosts: Set[str] = set()
+        self._blocked_hosts: set[str] = set()
+        self._config_blocked_hosts: set[str] = set()
 
         self._local_hosts_file = str(data_dir / "blocked-hosts")
         self.update_files()
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class HostBlocker:
             )
             info.block()
 
-    def _read_hosts_line(self, raw_line: bytes) -> Set[str]:
+    def _read_hosts_line(self, raw_line: bytes) -> set[str]:
         """Read hosts from the given line.
 
         Args:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class HostBlocker:
 
         return filtered_hosts
 
-    def _read_hosts_file(self, filename: str, target: Set[str]) -> bool:
+    def _read_hosts_file(self, filename: str, target: set[str]) -> bool:
         """Read hosts from the given filename.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/misccommands.py b/qutebrowser/components/misccommands.py
index 0d8fa0b2e..b4eaa55d1 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/misccommands.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/misccommands.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import os
 import signal
 import logging
 import pathlib
-from typing import Optional, Sequence, Callable
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Callable
 
 try:
     import hunter
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/readlinecommands.py b/qutebrowser/components/readlinecommands.py
index a9626637d..a26f7ea4c 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/readlinecommands.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/readlinecommands.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 """Bridge to provide readline-like shortcuts for QLineEdits."""
 
 import os
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, MutableMapping, Any, Callable
+from typing import Optional, Any
+from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication, QLineEdit
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/scrollcommands.py b/qutebrowser/components/scrollcommands.py
index 3ee525535..da4544bd7 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/scrollcommands.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/scrollcommands.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Scrolling-related commands."""
 
-from typing import Dict, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from qutebrowser.api import cmdutils, apitypes
 
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def scroll(tab: apitypes.Tab, direction: str, count: int = 1) -> None:
         count: multiplier
     """
     # FIXME:mypy Use a callback protocol to enforce having 'count'?
-    funcs: Dict[str, Callable[..., None]] = {
+    funcs: dict[str, Callable[..., None]] = {
         'up': tab.scroller.up,
         'down': tab.scroller.down,
         'left': tab.scroller.left,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/components/utils/blockutils.py b/qutebrowser/components/utils/blockutils.py
index a65085949..154c04317 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/components/utils/blockutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/components/utils/blockutils.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import os
 import functools
-from typing import IO, List, Optional
+from typing import IO, Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, QObject, pyqtSignal
 
@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ class BlocklistDownloads(QObject):
     single_download_finished = pyqtSignal(object)  # arg: the file object
     all_downloads_finished = pyqtSignal(int)  # arg: download count
 
-    def __init__(self, urls: List[QUrl], parent: Optional[QObject] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, urls: list[QUrl], parent: Optional[QObject] = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
         self._urls = urls
 
-        self._in_progress: List[downloads.TempDownload] = []
+        self._in_progress: list[downloads.TempDownload] = []
         self._done_count = 0
         self._finished_registering_downloads = False
         self._started = False
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/config.py b/qutebrowser/config/config.py
index cb7fe77b3..d286bf733 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/config.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/config.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 import copy
 import contextlib
 import functools
-from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, List, Mapping,
-                    MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Optional, Tuple, cast)
+from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, cast)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QObject, QUrl
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ key_instance = cast('KeyConfig', None)
 cache = cast('configcache.ConfigCache', None)
 
 # Keeping track of all change filters to validate them later.
-change_filters: List["change_filter"] = []
+change_filters: list["change_filter"] = []
 
 # Sentinel
 UNSET = object()
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class KeyConfig:
         _config: The Config object to be used.
     """
 
-    _ReverseBindings = Dict[str, MutableSequence[str]]
+    _ReverseBindings = dict[str, MutableSequence[str]]
 
     def __init__(self, config: 'Config') -> None:
         self._config = config
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class KeyConfig:
         if mode not in configdata.DATA['bindings.default'].default:
             raise configexc.KeybindingError("Invalid mode {}!".format(mode))
 
-    def get_bindings_for(self, mode: str) -> Dict[keyutils.KeySequence, str]:
+    def get_bindings_for(self, mode: str) -> dict[keyutils.KeySequence, str]:
         """Get the combined bindings for the given mode."""
         bindings = dict(val.bindings.default[mode])
         for key, binding in val.bindings.commands[mode].items():
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class Config(QObject):
                  yaml_config: 'configfiles.YamlConfig',
                  parent: QObject = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
-        self._mutables: MutableMapping[str, Tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
+        self._mutables: MutableMapping[str, tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
         self._yaml = yaml_config
         self._init_values()
         self.yaml_loaded = False
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ class Config(QObject):
         Return:
             The changed config part as string.
         """
-        lines: List[str] = []
+        lines: list[str] = []
         for values in sorted(self, key=lambda v: v.opt.name):
             lines += values.dump(include_hidden=include_hidden)
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configcache.py b/qutebrowser/config/configcache.py
index 9e76466d9..13ddce227 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configcache.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configcache.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Implementation of a basic config cache."""
 
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 from qutebrowser.config import config
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class ConfigCache:
     """
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._cache: dict[str, Any] = {}
         config.instance.changed.connect(self._on_config_changed)
 
     def _on_config_changed(self, attr: str) -> None:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configcommands.py b/qutebrowser/config/configcommands.py
index c4065ceb9..9012cc2c4 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configcommands.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configcommands.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import os.path
 import contextlib
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterator, List, Optional, Any, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Any
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, QUrlQuery
 
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ class ConfigCommands:
             raise cmdutils.CommandError("{} already exists - use --force to "
                                         "overwrite!".format(filename))
 
-        options: List[Tuple[Optional[urlmatch.UrlPattern], configdata.Option, Any]] = []
+        options: list[tuple[Optional[urlmatch.UrlPattern], configdata.Option, Any]] = []
         if defaults:
             options = [(None, opt, opt.default)
                        for _name, opt in sorted(configdata.DATA.items())]
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configdata.py b/qutebrowser/config/configdata.py
index 90486f702..d939f7ea6 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configdata.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configdata.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Module attributes:
 DATA: A dict of Option objects after init() has been called.
 """
 
-from typing import (Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional,
-                    Sequence, Tuple, Union, NoReturn, cast)
+from typing import (Any, Optional, Union, NoReturn, cast)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 import functools
 import dataclasses
 
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ class Migrations:
         deleted: A list of option names which have been removed.
     """
 
-    renamed: Dict[str, str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
-    deleted: List[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    renamed: dict[str, str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
+    deleted: list[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 def _raise_invalid_node(name: str, what: str, node: Any) -> NoReturn:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def _parse_yaml_backends(
 
 def _read_yaml(
         yaml_data: str,
-) -> Tuple[Mapping[str, Option], Migrations]:
+) -> tuple[Mapping[str, Option], Migrations]:
     """Read config data from a YAML file.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configdata.yml b/qutebrowser/config/configdata.yml
index 0bbc95960..aa65981eb 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configdata.yml
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configdata.yml
@@ -322,8 +322,9 @@ qt.chromium.sandboxing:
 
     See the Chromium documentation for more details:
 
-    - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/linux/sandboxing.md[Linux]
+    - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/sandbox/linux/README.md[Linux]
     - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox.md[Windows]
+    - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/sandbox/mac/README.md[Mac]
     - https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/\+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox_faq.md[FAQ (Windows-centric)]
   # yamllint enable rule:line-length
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configexc.py b/qutebrowser/config/configexc.py
index 4c8291580..85845f6fc 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configexc.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configexc.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import difflib
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Any, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Union, List
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.utils import usertypes, log
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class NoOptionError(Error):
     """Raised when an option was not found."""
 
     def __init__(self, option: str, *,
-                 all_names: List[str] = None,
+                 all_names: list[str] = None,
                  deleted: bool = False,
                  renamed: str = None) -> None:
         if deleted:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configfiles.py b/qutebrowser/config/configfiles.py
index 0680cd0e7..4dc5a9373 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configfiles.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configfiles.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import traceback
 import configparser
 import contextlib
 import re
-from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Mapping,
-                    MutableMapping, Optional, Tuple, cast)
+from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, cast)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
 
 import yaml
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QObject, QSettings, qVersion
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 state = cast('StateConfig', None)
 
 
-_SettingsType = Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]
+_SettingsType = dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 class VersionChange(enum.Enum):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class VersionChange(enum.Enum):
         This is intended to use filters like "major" (show major only), "minor" (show
         major/minor) or "patch" (show all changes).
         """
-        allowed_values: Dict[str, List[VersionChange]] = {
+        allowed_values: dict[str, list[VersionChange]] = {
             'major': [VersionChange.major],
             'minor': [VersionChange.major, VersionChange.minor],
             'patch': [VersionChange.major, VersionChange.minor, VersionChange.patch],
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class YamlConfig(QObject):
                                       'autoconfig.yml')
         self._dirty = False
 
-        self._values: Dict[str, configutils.Values] = {}
+        self._values: dict[str, configutils.Values] = {}
         for name, opt in configdata.DATA.items():
             self._values[name] = configutils.Values(opt)
 
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ class ConfigAPI:
     ):
         self._config = conf
         self._keyconfig = keyconfig
-        self.errors: List[configexc.ConfigErrorDesc] = []
+        self.errors: list[configexc.ConfigErrorDesc] = []
         self.configdir = pathlib.Path(standarddir.config())
         self.datadir = pathlib.Path(standarddir.data())
         self._warn_autoconfig = warn_autoconfig
@@ -803,8 +803,8 @@ class ConfigPyWriter:
 
     def __init__(
             self,
-            options: List[
-                Tuple[
+            options: list[
+                tuple[
                     Optional[urlmatch.UrlPattern],
                     configdata.Option,
                     Any
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configtypes.py b/qutebrowser/config/configtypes.py
index 56bd7b13a..69288e0f4 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configtypes.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configtypes.py
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import json
 import dataclasses
-from typing import (Any, Callable, Dict as DictType, Iterable, Iterator,
-                    List as ListType, Optional, Pattern, Sequence, Tuple, Union)
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from re import Pattern
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Callable
 
 import yaml
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, Qt
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ BOOLEAN_STATES = {'1': True, 'yes': True, 'true': True, 'on': True,
                   '0': False, 'no': False, 'false': False, 'off': False}
 
 
-_Completions = Optional[Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]]
+_Completions = Optional[Iterable[tuple[str, str]]]
 _StrUnset = Union[str, usertypes.Unset]
 _UnsetNone = Union[None, usertypes.Unset]
 _StrUnsetNone = Union[str, _UnsetNone]
@@ -102,16 +103,16 @@ class ValidValues:
             self,
             *values: Union[
                 str,
-                DictType[str, Optional[str]],
-                Tuple[str, Optional[str]],
+                dict[str, Optional[str]],
+                tuple[str, Optional[str]],
             ],
             generate_docs: bool = True,
             others_permitted: bool = False
     ) -> None:
         if not values:
             raise ValueError("ValidValues with no values makes no sense!")
-        self.descriptions: DictType[str, str] = {}
-        self.values: ListType[str] = []
+        self.descriptions: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.values: list[str] = []
         self.generate_docs = generate_docs
         self.others_permitted = others_permitted
         for value in values:
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ class BaseType:
 
     def _basic_py_validation(
             self, value: Any,
-            pytype: Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]]) -> None:
+            pytype: Union[type, tuple[type, ...]]) -> None:
         """Do some basic validation for Python values (emptyness, type).
 
         Arguments:
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ class MappingType(BaseType):
         MAPPING: A mapping from config values to (translated_value, docs) tuples.
     """
 
-    MAPPING: DictType[str, Tuple[Any, Optional[str]]] = {}
+    MAPPING: dict[str, tuple[Any, Optional[str]]] = {}
 
     def __init__(
             self, *,
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ class List(BaseType):
     def get_valid_values(self) -> Optional[ValidValues]:
         return self.valtype.get_valid_values()
 
-    def from_str(self, value: str) -> Optional[ListType]:
+    def from_str(self, value: str) -> Optional[list]:
         self._basic_str_validation(value)
         if not value:
             return None
@@ -522,15 +523,15 @@ class List(BaseType):
         self.to_py(yaml_val)
         return yaml_val
 
-    def from_obj(self, value: Optional[ListType]) -> ListType:
+    def from_obj(self, value: Optional[list]) -> list:
         if value is None:
             return []
         return [self.valtype.from_obj(v) for v in value]
 
     def to_py(
             self,
-            value: Union[ListType, usertypes.Unset]
-    ) -> Union[ListType, usertypes.Unset]:
+            value: Union[list, usertypes.Unset]
+    ) -> Union[list, usertypes.Unset]:
         self._basic_py_validation(value, list)
         if isinstance(value, usertypes.Unset):
             return value
@@ -545,13 +546,13 @@ class List(BaseType):
                                             "be set!".format(self.length))
         return [self.valtype.to_py(v) for v in value]
 
-    def to_str(self, value: ListType) -> str:
+    def to_str(self, value: list) -> str:
         if not value:
             # An empty list is treated just like None -> empty string
             return ''
         return json.dumps(value)
 
-    def to_doc(self, value: ListType, indent: int = 0) -> str:
+    def to_doc(self, value: list, indent: int = 0) -> str:
         if not value:
             return 'empty'
 
@@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ class ListOrValue(BaseType):
         self.listtype = List(valtype=valtype, none_ok=none_ok, **kwargs)
         self.valtype = valtype
 
-    def _val_and_type(self, value: Any) -> Tuple[Any, BaseType]:
+    def _val_and_type(self, value: Any) -> tuple[Any, BaseType]:
         """Get the value and type to use for to_str/to_doc/from_str."""
         if isinstance(value, list):
             if len(value) == 1:
@@ -677,15 +678,15 @@ class FlagList(List):
         )
         self.valtype.valid_values = valid_values
 
-    def _check_duplicates(self, values: ListType) -> None:
+    def _check_duplicates(self, values: list) -> None:
         if len(set(values)) != len(values):
             raise configexc.ValidationError(
                 values, "List contains duplicate values!")
 
     def to_py(
             self,
-            value: Union[usertypes.Unset, ListType],
-    ) -> Union[usertypes.Unset, ListType]:
+            value: Union[usertypes.Unset, list],
+    ) -> Union[usertypes.Unset, list]:
         vals = super().to_py(value)
         if not isinstance(vals, usertypes.Unset):
             self._check_duplicates(vals)
@@ -1121,7 +1122,7 @@ class QtColor(BaseType):
             kind = value[:openparen]
             vals = value[openparen+1:-1].split(',')
 
-            converters: DictType[str, Callable[..., QColor]] = {
+            converters: dict[str, Callable[..., QColor]] = {
                 'rgba': QColor.fromRgb,
                 'rgb': QColor.fromRgb,
                 'hsva': QColor.fromHsv,
@@ -1211,7 +1212,7 @@ class FontBase(BaseType):
         (?P<family>.+)  # mandatory font family""", re.VERBOSE)
 
     @classmethod
-    def set_defaults(cls, default_family: ListType[str], default_size: str) -> None:
+    def set_defaults(cls, default_family: list[str], default_size: str) -> None:
         """Make sure default_family/default_size are available.
 
         If the given family value (fonts.default_family in the config) is
@@ -1384,7 +1385,7 @@ class Dict(BaseType):
         self.fixed_keys = fixed_keys
         self.required_keys = required_keys
 
-    def _validate_keys(self, value: DictType) -> None:
+    def _validate_keys(self, value: dict) -> None:
         if (self.fixed_keys is not None and not
                 set(value.keys()).issubset(self.fixed_keys)):
             raise configexc.ValidationError(
@@ -1395,7 +1396,7 @@ class Dict(BaseType):
             raise configexc.ValidationError(
                 value, "Required keys {}".format(self.required_keys))
 
-    def from_str(self, value: str) -> Optional[DictType]:
+    def from_str(self, value: str) -> Optional[dict]:
         self._basic_str_validation(value)
         if not value:
             return None
@@ -1410,14 +1411,14 @@ class Dict(BaseType):
         self.to_py(yaml_val)
         return yaml_val
 
-    def from_obj(self, value: Optional[DictType]) -> DictType:
+    def from_obj(self, value: Optional[dict]) -> dict:
         if value is None:
             return {}
 
         return {self.keytype.from_obj(key): self.valtype.from_obj(val)
                 for key, val in value.items()}
 
-    def _fill_fixed_keys(self, value: DictType) -> DictType:
+    def _fill_fixed_keys(self, value: dict) -> dict:
         """Fill missing fixed keys with a None-value."""
         if self.fixed_keys is None:
             return value
@@ -1428,8 +1429,8 @@ class Dict(BaseType):
 
     def to_py(
             self,
-            value: Union[DictType, _UnsetNone]
-    ) -> Union[DictType, usertypes.Unset]:
+            value: Union[dict, _UnsetNone]
+    ) -> Union[dict, usertypes.Unset]:
         self._basic_py_validation(value, dict)
         if isinstance(value, usertypes.Unset):
             return value
@@ -1445,13 +1446,13 @@ class Dict(BaseType):
              for key, val in value.items()}
         return self._fill_fixed_keys(d)
 
-    def to_str(self, value: DictType) -> str:
+    def to_str(self, value: dict) -> str:
         if not value:
             # An empty Dict is treated just like None -> empty string
             return ''
         return json.dumps(value, sort_keys=True)
 
-    def to_doc(self, value: DictType, indent: int = 0) -> str:
+    def to_doc(self, value: dict, indent: int = 0) -> str:
         if not value:
             return 'empty'
         lines = ['\n']
@@ -1605,8 +1606,8 @@ class ShellCommand(List):
 
     def to_py(
             self,
-            value: Union[ListType, usertypes.Unset],
-    ) -> Union[ListType, usertypes.Unset]:
+            value: Union[list, usertypes.Unset],
+    ) -> Union[list, usertypes.Unset]:
         py_value = super().to_py(value)
         if isinstance(py_value, usertypes.Unset):
             return py_value
@@ -1763,7 +1764,7 @@ class Padding(Dict):
 
     def to_py(  # type: ignore[override]
             self,
-            value: Union[DictType, _UnsetNone],
+            value: Union[dict, _UnsetNone],
     ) -> Union[usertypes.Unset, PaddingValues]:
         d = super().to_py(value)
         if isinstance(d, usertypes.Unset):
@@ -1916,8 +1917,8 @@ class ConfirmQuit(FlagList):
 
     def to_py(
             self,
-            value: Union[usertypes.Unset, ListType],
-    ) -> Union[ListType, usertypes.Unset]:
+            value: Union[usertypes.Unset, list],
+    ) -> Union[list, usertypes.Unset]:
         values = super().to_py(value)
         if isinstance(values, usertypes.Unset):
             return values
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/configutils.py b/qutebrowser/config/configutils.py
index fda9552dd..2aaef7a97 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/configutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/configutils.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import collections
 import itertools
 import operator
 from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Union,
-    MutableMapping)
+    TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence, MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QFontDatabase
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ class Values:
         self._vmap: MutableMapping[
             Values._VmapKeyType, ScopedValue] = collections.OrderedDict()
         # A map from domain parts to rules that fall under them.
-        self._domain_map: Dict[
-            Optional[str], Set[ScopedValue]] = collections.defaultdict(set)
+        self._domain_map: dict[
+            Optional[str], set[ScopedValue]] = collections.defaultdict(set)
 
         for scoped in values:
             self._add_scoped(scoped)
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class Values:
             return self._get_fallback(fallback)
         qtutils.ensure_valid(url)
 
-        candidates: List[ScopedValue] = []
+        candidates: list[ScopedValue] = []
         # Urls trailing with '.' are equivalent to non-trailing types.
         # urlutils strips them, so in order to match we will need to as well.
         widened_hosts = urlutils.widened_hostnames(url.host().rstrip('.'))
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/qtargs.py b/qutebrowser/config/qtargs.py
index 3a648524e..cafc6ff38 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/qtargs.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/qtargs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import os
 import sys
 import argparse
 import pathlib
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union, Callable
+# Using deprecated typing.Callable as a WORKAROUND because
+# collections.abc.Callable inside Optional[...]/Union[...]
+# is broken on Python 3.9.0 and 3.9.1
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union, Callable
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QLocale
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ _DISABLE_FEATURES = '--disable-features='
 _BLINK_SETTINGS = '--blink-settings='
 
 
-def qt_args(namespace: argparse.Namespace) -> List[str]:
+def qt_args(namespace: argparse.Namespace) -> list[str]:
     """Get the Qt QApplication arguments based on an argparse namespace.
 
     Args:
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ def qt_args(namespace: argparse.Namespace) -> List[str]:
 def _qtwebengine_features(
         versions: version.WebEngineVersions,
         special_flags: Sequence[str],
-) -> Tuple[Sequence[str], Sequence[str]]:
+) -> tuple[Sequence[str], Sequence[str]]:
     """Get a tuple of --enable-features/--disable-features flags for QtWebEngine.
 
     Args:
@@ -91,10 +95,10 @@ def _qtwebengine_features(
 
     for flag in special_flags:
         if flag.startswith(_ENABLE_FEATURES):
-            flag = flag[len(_ENABLE_FEATURES):]
+            flag = flag.removeprefix(_ENABLE_FEATURES)
             enabled_features += flag.split(',')
         elif flag.startswith(_DISABLE_FEATURES):
-            flag = flag[len(_DISABLE_FEATURES):]
+            flag = flag.removeprefix(_DISABLE_FEATURES)
             disabled_features += flag.split(',')
         elif flag.startswith(_BLINK_SETTINGS):
             pass
@@ -285,7 +289,7 @@ _SettingValueType = Union[
         Optional[str],
     ],
 ]
-_WEBENGINE_SETTINGS: Dict[str, Dict[Any, Optional[_SettingValueType]]] = {
+_WEBENGINE_SETTINGS: dict[str, dict[Any, Optional[_SettingValueType]]] = {
     'qt.force_software_rendering': {
         'software-opengl': None,
         'qt-quick': None,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/stylesheet.py b/qutebrowser/config/stylesheet.py
index d9032e2a9..258e26002 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/stylesheet.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/stylesheet.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 """Handling of Qt qss stylesheets."""
 
 import functools
-from typing import Optional, FrozenSet
+from typing import Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, QObject
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QWidget
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class _StyleSheetObserver(QObject):
             self._stylesheet = stylesheet
 
         if update:
-            self._options: Optional[FrozenSet[str]] = jinja.template_config_variables(
+            self._options: Optional[frozenset[str]] = jinja.template_config_variables(
                 self._stylesheet)
         else:
             self._options = None
diff --git a/qutebrowser/config/websettings.py b/qutebrowser/config/websettings.py
index 7824ae258..2b71216bd 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/config/websettings.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/config/websettings.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import re
 import argparse
 import functools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, pyqtSlot, qVersion
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QFont
@@ -86,10 +87,10 @@ class AbstractSettings:
 
     """Abstract base class for settings set via QWeb(Engine)Settings."""
 
-    _ATTRIBUTES: Dict[str, AttributeInfo] = {}
-    _FONT_SIZES: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-    _FONT_FAMILIES: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-    _FONT_TO_QFONT: Dict[Any, QFont.StyleHint] = {}
+    _ATTRIBUTES: dict[str, AttributeInfo] = {}
+    _FONT_SIZES: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    _FONT_FAMILIES: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    _FONT_TO_QFONT: dict[Any, QFont.StyleHint] = {}
 
     def __init__(self, settings: Any) -> None:
         self._settings = settings
diff --git a/qutebrowser/extensions/interceptors.py b/qutebrowser/extensions/interceptors.py
index 8aaa9b28c..1032fc6d0 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/extensions/interceptors.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/extensions/interceptors.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import enum
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class Request:
 InterceptorType = Callable[[Request], None]
 
 
-_interceptors: List[InterceptorType] = []
+_interceptors: list[InterceptorType] = []
 
 
 def register(interceptor: InterceptorType) -> None:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/extensions/loader.py b/qutebrowser/extensions/loader.py
index ff9974d9d..a6917be35 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/extensions/loader.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/extensions/loader.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import pathlib
 import importlib
 import argparse
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ from qutebrowser.misc import objects
 
 
 # ModuleInfo objects for all loaded plugins
-_module_infos: List["ModuleInfo"] = []
+_module_infos: list["ModuleInfo"] = []
 
 InitHookType = Callable[['InitContext'], None]
 ConfigChangedHookType = Callable[[], None]
@@ -47,8 +48,8 @@ class ModuleInfo:
 
     skip_hooks: bool = False
     init_hook: Optional[InitHookType] = None
-    config_changed_hooks: List[
-        Tuple[
+    config_changed_hooks: list[
+        tuple[
             Optional[str],
             ConfigChangedHookType,
         ]
diff --git a/qutebrowser/keyinput/basekeyparser.py b/qutebrowser/keyinput/basekeyparser.py
index df6b66f7f..c97570369 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/keyinput/basekeyparser.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/keyinput/basekeyparser.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import string
 import types
 import dataclasses
 import traceback
-from typing import Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, pyqtSignal
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QKeySequence, QKeyEvent
diff --git a/qutebrowser/keyinput/keyutils.py b/qutebrowser/keyinput/keyutils.py
index 18730c74b..8bb63bbe6 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/keyinput/keyutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/keyinput/keyutils.py
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ handle what we actually think we do.
 
 import itertools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Iterator, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Union, overload, cast
+from typing import Optional, Union, overload, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Iterable, Mapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt, QEvent
@@ -523,7 +524,7 @@ class KeySequence:
     _MAX_LEN = 4
 
     def __init__(self, *keys: KeyInfo) -> None:
-        self._sequences: List[QKeySequence] = []
+        self._sequences: list[QKeySequence] = []
         for sub in utils.chunk(keys, self._MAX_LEN):
             try:
                 args = [info.to_qt() for info in sub]
@@ -546,7 +547,7 @@ class KeySequence:
         """Iterate over KeyInfo objects."""
         # FIXME:mypy Stubs seem to be unaware that iterating a QKeySequence produces
         # _KeyInfoType
-        sequences = cast(List[Iterable[_KeyInfoType]], self._sequences)
+        sequences = cast(list[Iterable[_KeyInfoType]], self._sequences)
         for combination in itertools.chain.from_iterable(sequences):
             yield KeyInfo.from_qt(combination)
 
@@ -719,7 +720,7 @@ class KeySequence:
             mappings: Mapping['KeySequence', 'KeySequence']
     ) -> 'KeySequence':
         """Get a new KeySequence with the given mappings applied."""
-        infos: List[KeyInfo] = []
+        infos: list[KeyInfo] = []
         for info in self:
             key_seq = KeySequence(info)
             if key_seq in mappings:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/keyinput/macros.py b/qutebrowser/keyinput/macros.py
index 69198ecfb..0eb7244d6 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/keyinput/macros.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/keyinput/macros.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 """Keyboard macro system."""
 
-from typing import cast, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import cast, Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.commands import runners
 from qutebrowser.api import cmdutils
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from qutebrowser.keyinput import modeman
 from qutebrowser.utils import message, objreg, usertypes
 
 
-_CommandType = Tuple[str, int]  # command, type
+_CommandType = tuple[str, int]  # command, type
 
 macro_recorder = cast('MacroRecorder', None)
 
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ class MacroRecorder:
     """
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._macros: Dict[str, List[_CommandType]] = {}
+        self._macros: dict[str, list[_CommandType]] = {}
         self._recording_macro: Optional[str] = None
-        self._macro_count: Dict[int, int] = {}
+        self._macro_count: dict[int, int] = {}
         self._last_register: Optional[str] = None
 
     @cmdutils.register(instance='macro-recorder')
diff --git a/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeman.py b/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeman.py
index f0337ec88..681deeff6 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeman.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeman.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import functools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Mapping, Callable, MutableMapping, Union, Set, cast
+from typing import Union, cast
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, Qt, QObject, QEvent
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ class ModeManager(QObject):
         self.parsers: ParserDictType = {}
         self._prev_mode = usertypes.KeyMode.normal
         self.mode = usertypes.KeyMode.normal
-        self._releaseevents_to_pass: Set[KeyEvent] = set()
+        self._releaseevents_to_pass: set[KeyEvent] = set()
         # Set after __init__
         self.hintmanager = cast(hints.HintManager, None)
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeparsers.py b/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeparsers.py
index 05e560111..b9e5951db 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeparsers.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/keyinput/modeparsers.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ Module attributes:
 
 import traceback
 import enum
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, Qt, QObject
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QKeySequence, QKeyEvent
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/mainwindow.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/mainwindow.py
index e39ac4f9a..6e6821612 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/mainwindow.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/mainwindow.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import binascii
 import base64
 import itertools
 import functools
-from typing import List, MutableSequence, Optional, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Optional, cast
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtBoundSignal, pyqtSlot, QRect, QPoint, QTimer, Qt,
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ def get_target_window():
         return None
 
 
-_OverlayInfoType = Tuple[QWidget, pyqtBoundSignal, bool, str]
+_OverlayInfoType = tuple[QWidget, pyqtBoundSignal, bool, str]
 
 
 class MainWindow(QWidget):
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ class MainWindow(QWidget):
         self._vbox.removeWidget(self.tabbed_browser.widget)
         self._vbox.removeWidget(self._downloadview)
         self._vbox.removeWidget(self.status)
-        widgets: List[QWidget] = [self.tabbed_browser.widget]
+        widgets: list[QWidget] = [self.tabbed_browser.widget]
 
         downloads_position = config.val.downloads.position
         if downloads_position == 'top':
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/messageview.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/messageview.py
index 95bbed724..66d065360 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/messageview.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/messageview.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """Showing messages above the statusbar."""
 
-from typing import MutableSequence, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, Qt
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QSizePolicy
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/prompt.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/prompt.py
index 5d00b429d..2e797970f 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/prompt.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/prompt.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import html
 import collections
 import functools
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Deque, MutableSequence, Optional, cast
+from typing import Optional, cast
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, Qt, QTimer, QDir, QModelIndex,
                           QItemSelectionModel, QObject, QEventLoop, QUrl)
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class PromptQueue(QObject):
         self._question = None
         self._shutting_down = False
         self._loops: MutableSequence[qtutils.EventLoop] = []
-        self._queue: Deque[usertypes.Question] = collections.deque()
+        self._queue: collections.deque[usertypes.Question] = collections.deque()
         message.global_bridge.mode_left.connect(self._on_mode_left)
 
     def __repr__(self):
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabbedbrowser.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabbedbrowser.py
index 47d8dc680..42efe0bbf 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabbedbrowser.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabbedbrowser.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import weakref
 import datetime
 import dataclasses
 from typing import (
-    Any, Deque, List, Mapping, MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Optional, Tuple)
+    Any, Optional)
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QSizePolicy, QWidget, QApplication
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QTimer, QUrl, QPoint
@@ -58,10 +59,10 @@ class TabDeque:
         size = config.val.tabs.focus_stack_size
         if size < 0:
             size = None
-        self._stack: Deque[weakref.ReferenceType[browsertab.AbstractTab]] = (
+        self._stack: collections.deque[weakref.ReferenceType[browsertab.AbstractTab]] = (
             collections.deque(maxlen=size))
         # Items that have been removed from the primary stack.
-        self._stack_deleted: List[weakref.ReferenceType[browsertab.AbstractTab]] = []
+        self._stack_deleted: list[weakref.ReferenceType[browsertab.AbstractTab]] = []
         self._ignore_next = False
         self._keep_deleted_next = False
 
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ class TabbedBrowser(QWidget):
         self.search_text = None
         self.search_options: Mapping[str, Any] = {}
         self._local_marks: MutableMapping[QUrl, MutableMapping[str, QPoint]] = {}
-        self._global_marks: MutableMapping[str, Tuple[QPoint, QUrl]] = {}
+        self._global_marks: MutableMapping[str, tuple[QPoint, QUrl]] = {}
         self.default_window_icon = self._window().windowIcon()
         self.is_private = private
         self.tab_deque = TabDeque()
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabwidget.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabwidget.py
index 6cc466c93..8d50ac45d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabwidget.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/tabwidget.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import functools
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Optional, Dict, Any
+from typing import Optional, Any
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, Qt, QSize, QRect, QPoint,
                           QTimer, QUrl)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class TabWidget(QTabWidget):
 
         page_title = self.page_title(idx)
 
-        fields: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        fields: dict[str, Any] = {}
         fields['id'] = tab.tab_id
         fields['current_title'] = page_title
         fields['title_sep'] = ' - ' if page_title else ''
diff --git a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/windowundo.py b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/windowundo.py
index 46ff3c8c5..5efb77c32 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/mainwindow/windowundo.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/mainwindow/windowundo.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import collections
 import dataclasses
-from typing import MutableSequence, cast, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import cast, TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, QByteArray
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/backendproblem.py b/qutebrowser/misc/backendproblem.py
index 51d3a35c3..9d9aef35c 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/backendproblem.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/backendproblem.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import shutil
 import os.path
 import argparse
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class _Button:
     default: bool = False
 
 
-def _other_backend(backend: usertypes.Backend) -> Tuple[usertypes.Backend, str]:
+def _other_backend(backend: usertypes.Backend) -> tuple[usertypes.Backend, str]:
     """Get the other backend enum/setting for a given backend."""
     other_backend = {
         usertypes.Backend.QtWebKit: usertypes.Backend.QtWebEngine,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/binparsing.py b/qutebrowser/misc/binparsing.py
index 81e2e6dbb..acb4cc5f8 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/binparsing.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/binparsing.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Used by elf.py as well as pakjoy.py.
 """
 
 import struct
-from typing import Any, IO, Tuple
+from typing import Any, IO
 
 
 class ParseError(Exception):
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ParseError(Exception):
     """Raised when the file can't be parsed."""
 
 
-def unpack(fmt: str, fobj: IO[bytes]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+def unpack(fmt: str, fobj: IO[bytes]) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
     """Unpack the given struct format from the given file."""
     size = struct.calcsize(fmt)
     data = safe_read(fobj, size)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/checkpyver.py b/qutebrowser/misc/checkpyver.py
index 596a7803a..e93a124e5 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/checkpyver.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/checkpyver.py
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
 # to stderr.
 def check_python_version():
     """Check if correct python version is run."""
-    if sys.hexversion < 0x03080000:
+    if sys.hexversion < 0x03090000:
         # We don't use .format() and print_function here just in case someone
         # still has < 2.6 installed.
         version_str = '.'.join(map(str, sys.version_info[:3]))
-        text = ("At least Python 3.8 is required to run qutebrowser, but " +
+        text = ("At least Python 3.9 is required to run qutebrowser, but " +
                 "it's running with " + version_str + ".\n")
 
         show_errors = '--no-err-windows' not in sys.argv
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/cmdhistory.py b/qutebrowser/misc/cmdhistory.py
index aa2df63e0..e52dd77dd 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/cmdhistory.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/cmdhistory.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Command history for the status bar."""
 
-from typing import MutableSequence
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, QObject
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/consolewidget.py b/qutebrowser/misc/consolewidget.py
index 08f5dc5ff..d74478b4e 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/consolewidget.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/consolewidget.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import sys
 import code
-from typing import MutableSequence, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, Qt
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QTextEdit, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QApplication
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/crashdialog.py b/qutebrowser/misc/crashdialog.py
index ad9ce83a7..5b940a8a3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/crashdialog.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/crashdialog.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import fnmatch
 import traceback
 import datetime
 import enum
-from typing import List, Tuple
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, Qt, QSize
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import (QDialog, QLabel, QTextEdit, QPushButton,
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ class _CrashDialog(QDialog):
         super().__init__(parent)
         # We don't set WA_DeleteOnClose here as on an exception, we'll get
         # closed anyways, and it only could have unintended side-effects.
-        self._crash_info: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+        self._crash_info: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
         self._btn_box = None
         self._paste_text = None
         self.setWindowTitle("Whoops!")
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/crashsignal.py b/qutebrowser/misc/crashsignal.py
index c33ae1173..7bde12fe5 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/crashsignal.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/crashsignal.py
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import functools
 import threading
 import faulthandler
 import dataclasses
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, MutableMapping, cast, List
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, cast
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSlot, qInstallMessageHandler, QObject,
                           QSocketNotifier, QTimer, QUrl)
@@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ class ExceptionInfo:
 
     """Information stored when there was an exception."""
 
-    pages: List[List[str]]
-    cmd_history: List[str]
+    pages: list[list[str]]
+    cmd_history: list[str]
     objects: str
 
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/debugcachestats.py b/qutebrowser/misc/debugcachestats.py
index d3ac9819b..b12995c5c 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/debugcachestats.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/debugcachestats.py
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ dependencies as possible to avoid cyclic dependencies.
 """
 
 import weakref
-import sys
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Mapping
+from typing import Any, Optional, TypeVar
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.utils import log
 
 
 # The callable should be a lru_cache wrapped function
-_CACHE_FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, Any] = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+_CACHE_FUNCTIONS: MutableMapping[str, Any] = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
 
 
 _T = TypeVar('_T', bound=Callable[..., Any])
@@ -26,16 +26,8 @@ def register(name: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable[[_T], _T]:
     """Register a lru_cache wrapped function for debug_cache_stats."""
     def wrapper(fn: _T) -> _T:
         fn_name = fn.__name__ if name is None else name
-        if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
-            log.misc.vdebug(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-                "debugcachestats not supported on python < 3.9, not adding '%s'",
-                fn_name,
-            )
-            return fn
-
-        else:
-            _CACHE_FUNCTIONS[fn_name] = fn
-            return fn
+        _CACHE_FUNCTIONS[fn_name] = fn
+        return fn
     return wrapper
 
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/earlyinit.py b/qutebrowser/misc/earlyinit.py
index 06de668b0..60d2c7c09 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/earlyinit.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/earlyinit.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 """Things which need to be done really early (e.g. before importing Qt).
 
-At this point we can be sure we have all python 3.8 features available.
+At this point we can be sure we have all python 3.9 features available.
 """
 
 try:
@@ -246,10 +246,6 @@ def check_libraries():
         package = f'{machinery.INFO.wrapper}.{subpkg}'
         modules[package] = _missing_str(package)
 
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
-        # Backport required
-        modules['importlib_resources'] = _missing_str("importlib_resources")
-
     if sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
         from qutebrowser.qt.core import QVersionNumber
         qt_ver = get_qt_version()
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/editor.py b/qutebrowser/misc/editor.py
index 948b4ab9e..9f77fa75e 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/editor.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/editor.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class ExternalEditor(QObject):
             line: the line number to pass to the editor
             column: the column number to pass to the editor
         """
-        self._proc = guiprocess.GUIProcess(what='editor', parent=self)
+        self._proc = guiprocess.GUIProcess(what='editor')
         self._proc.finished.connect(self._on_proc_closed)
         self._proc.error.connect(self._on_proc_error)
         editor = config.val.editor.command
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/elf.py b/qutebrowser/misc/elf.py
index e44d8b573..a012f4c69 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/elf.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/elf.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import re
 import dataclasses
 import mmap
 import pathlib
-from typing import IO, ClassVar, Dict, Optional, cast
+from typing import IO, ClassVar, Optional, cast
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.utils import log, version, qtutils
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class Header:
     shnum: int
     shstrndx: int
 
-    _FORMATS: ClassVar[Dict[Bitness, str]] = {
+    _FORMATS: ClassVar[dict[Bitness, str]] = {
         Bitness.x64: '<HHIQQQIHHHHHH',
         Bitness.x32: '<HHIIIIIHHHHHH',
     }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class SectionHeader:
     addralign: int
     entsize: int
 
-    _FORMATS: ClassVar[Dict[Bitness, str]] = {
+    _FORMATS: ClassVar[dict[Bitness, str]] = {
         Bitness.x64: '<IIQQQQIIQQ',
         Bitness.x32: '<IIIIIIIIII',
     }
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/guiprocess.py b/qutebrowser/misc/guiprocess.py
index d20b4ba0f..2e4f33748 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/guiprocess.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/guiprocess.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import locale
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import signal
-from typing import Mapping, Sequence, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, QObject, QProcess,
                           QProcessEnvironment, QByteArray, QUrl, Qt)
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ from qutebrowser.api import cmdutils, apitypes
 from qutebrowser.completion.models import miscmodels
 
 
-all_processes: Dict[int, Optional['GUIProcess']] = {}
+all_processes: dict[int, Optional['GUIProcess']] = {}
 last_pid: Optional[int] = None
 
 
@@ -176,9 +177,10 @@ class GUIProcess(QObject):
             verbose: bool = False,
             additional_env: Mapping[str, str] = None,
             output_messages: bool = False,
-            parent: QObject = None,
     ):
-        super().__init__(parent)
+        # We do not accept a parent, as GUIProcesses keep track of themselves
+        # (see all_processes and _post_start() / _on_cleanup_timer())
+        super().__init__()
         self.what = what
         self.verbose = verbose
         self._output_messages = output_messages
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/httpclient.py b/qutebrowser/misc/httpclient.py
index a6a6025c3..097fdcd43 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/httpclient.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/httpclient.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import functools
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QObject, QTimer
 from qutebrowser.qt.network import (QNetworkAccessManager, QNetworkRequest,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/keyhintwidget.py b/qutebrowser/misc/keyhintwidget.py
index 32867c17a..5662763b8 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/keyhintwidget.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/keyhintwidget.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class KeyHintView(QLabel):
             ).format(
                 html.escape(prefix),
                 suffix_color,
-                html.escape(str(seq)[len(prefix):]),
+                html.escape(str(seq).removeprefix(prefix)),
                 html.escape(cmd)
             )
         text = '<table>{}</table>'.format(text)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/lineparser.py b/qutebrowser/misc/lineparser.py
index c96109e9e..c253c3ef5 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/lineparser.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/lineparser.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import os
 import os.path
 import contextlib
-from typing import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, pyqtSignal, QObject
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/nativeeventfilter.py b/qutebrowser/misc/nativeeventfilter.py
index 06533bd42..2b2d3f635 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/nativeeventfilter.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/nativeeventfilter.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 This entire file is a giant WORKAROUND for https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-114334.
 """
 
-from typing import Tuple, Union, cast, Optional
+from typing import Union, cast, Optional
 import enum
 import ctypes
 import ctypes.util
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class NativeEventFilter(QAbstractNativeEventFilter):
 
     def nativeEventFilter(
         self, evtype: Union[bytes, QByteArray], message: Optional[sip.voidptr]
-    ) -> Tuple[bool, _PointerRetType]:
+    ) -> tuple[bool, _PointerRetType]:
         """Handle XCB events."""
         # We're only installed when the platform plugin is xcb
         assert evtype == b"xcb_generic_event_t", evtype
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/objects.py b/qutebrowser/misc/objects.py
index 1b91c6fdd..4a997ffd2 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/objects.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/objects.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # earlyinit.
 
 import argparse
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Set, Union, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union, cast
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from qutebrowser import app
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class NoBackend:
 
 
 backend: Union['usertypes.Backend', NoBackend] = NoBackend()
-commands: Dict[str, 'command.Command'] = {}
-debug_flags: Set[str] = set()
+commands: dict[str, 'command.Command'] = {}
+debug_flags: set[str] = set()
 args = cast(argparse.Namespace, None)
 qapp = cast('app.Application', None)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/pakjoy.py b/qutebrowser/misc/pakjoy.py
index b2ebbc4b3..dcf8616f4 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/pakjoy.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/pakjoy.py
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ import shutil
 import pathlib
 import dataclasses
 import contextlib
-from typing import ClassVar, IO, Optional, Dict, Tuple, Iterator
+from typing import ClassVar, IO, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.config import config
 from qutebrowser.misc import binparsing, objects
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ class PakParser:
 
         return data
 
-    def _read_header(self) -> Dict[int, PakEntry]:
+    def _read_header(self) -> dict[int, PakEntry]:
         """Read the header and entry index from the .pak file."""
         entries = []
 
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ class PakParser:
 
         return {entry.resource_id: entry for entry in entries}
 
-    def _find_manifest(self, entries: Dict[int, PakEntry]) -> Tuple[PakEntry, bytes]:
+    def _find_manifest(self, entries: dict[int, PakEntry]) -> tuple[PakEntry, bytes]:
         to_check = list(entries.values())
         for hangouts_id in HANGOUTS_IDS:
             if hangouts_id in entries:
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ def _find_webengine_resources() -> pathlib.Path:
     qt_data_path = qtutils.library_path(qtutils.LibraryPath.data)
     if utils.is_mac:  # pragma: no cover
         # I'm not sure how to arrive at this path without hardcoding it
-        # ourselves. importlib_resources("PyQt6.Qt6") can serve as a
+        # ourselves. importlib.resources.files("PyQt6.Qt6") can serve as a
         # replacement for the qtutils bit but it doesn't seem to help find the
         # actual Resources folder.
         candidates.append(
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/quitter.py b/qutebrowser/misc/quitter.py
index 9fe743414..62438001f 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/quitter.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/quitter.py
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import tokenize
 import functools
 import warnings
 import subprocess
-from typing import Iterable, Mapping, MutableSequence, Sequence, cast
+from typing import cast
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, MutableSequence, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, pyqtSignal, QTimer
 try:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/savemanager.py b/qutebrowser/misc/savemanager.py
index 6017b3d2a..567cba803 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/savemanager.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/savemanager.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import os.path
 import collections
-from typing import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSlot, QObject, QTimer
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/sessions.py b/qutebrowser/misc/sessions.py
index dd63904cd..b487fcd2c 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/sessions.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/sessions.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import itertools
 import urllib
 import shutil
 import pathlib
-from typing import Any, Iterable, MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Optional, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping, MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt, QUrl, QObject, QPoint, QTimer, QDateTime
 import yaml
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/sql.py b/qutebrowser/misc/sql.py
index b23b862a3..e2140c242 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/sql.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/sql.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import collections
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import types
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Mapping, MutableSequence, Optional, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, MutableSequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, pyqtSignal
 from qutebrowser.qt.sql import QSqlDatabase, QSqlError, QSqlQuery
@@ -226,8 +227,8 @@ class Database:
         """Return a Query instance linked to this Database."""
         return Query(self, querystr, forward_only)
 
-    def table(self, name: str, fields: List[str],
-              constraints: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    def table(self, name: str, fields: list[str],
+              constraints: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
               parent: Optional[QObject] = None) -> 'SqlTable':
         """Return a SqlTable instance linked to this Database."""
         return SqlTable(self, name, fields, constraints, parent)
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ class Transaction(contextlib.AbstractContextManager):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
             raise_sqlite_error(msg, error)
 
     def __exit__(self,
-                 _exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+                 _exc_type: Optional[type[BaseException]],
                  exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
                  _exc_tb: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> None:
         db = self._database.qt_database()
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ class Query:
         ok = self.query.prepare(querystr)
         self._check_ok('prepare', ok)
         self.query.setForwardOnly(forward_only)
-        self._placeholders: List[str] = []
+        self._placeholders: list[str] = []
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
         if not self.query.isActive():
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@ class Query:
         if None in values:
             raise BugError("Missing bound values!")
 
-    def _bind_values(self, values: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _bind_values(self, values: Mapping[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         self._placeholders = list(values)
         for key, val in values.items():
             self.query.bindValue(f':{key}', val)
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ class Query:
         assert rows != -1
         return rows
 
-    def bound_values(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def bound_values(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             f":{key}": self.query.boundValue(f":{key}")
             for key in self._placeholders
@@ -426,8 +427,8 @@ class SqlTable(QObject):
     changed = pyqtSignal()
     database: Database
 
-    def __init__(self, database: Database, name: str, fields: List[str],
-                 constraints: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    def __init__(self, database: Database, name: str, fields: list[str],
+                 constraints: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
                  parent: Optional[QObject] = None) -> None:
         """Wrapper over a table in the SQL database.
 
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ class SqlTable(QObject):
         self.database = database
         self._create_table(fields, constraints)
 
-    def _create_table(self, fields: List[str], constraints: Optional[Dict[str, str]],
+    def _create_table(self, fields: list[str], constraints: Optional[dict[str, str]],
                       *, force: bool = False) -> None:
         """Create the table if the database is uninitialized.
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/throttle.py b/qutebrowser/misc/throttle.py
index 43325fb08..78bc7f29b 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/throttle.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/throttle.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import time
-from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Optional
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/misc/utilcmds.py b/qutebrowser/misc/utilcmds.py
index 6689ad074..548c1e54b 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/misc/utilcmds.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/misc/utilcmds.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import functools
 import os
-import sys
 import traceback
 from typing import Optional
 
@@ -114,9 +113,7 @@ def debug_all_objects() -> None:
 @cmdutils.register(debug=True)
 def debug_cache_stats() -> None:
     """Print LRU cache stats."""
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
-        raise cmdutils.CommandError('debugcachestats not supported on python < 3.9')
-    debugcachestats.debug_cache_stats()  # type: ignore[unreachable]
+    debugcachestats.debug_cache_stats()
 
 
 @cmdutils.register(debug=True)
diff --git a/qutebrowser/qt/_core_pyqtproperty.py b/qutebrowser/qt/_core_pyqtproperty.py
index 02c1cab97..c2b034df3 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/qt/_core_pyqtproperty.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/qt/_core_pyqtproperty.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ https://github.com/python-qt-tools/PyQt5-stubs/blob/5.15.6.0/PyQt5-stubs/QtCore.
 """
 
 # flake8: noqa
-# pylint: disable=invalid-name,missing-class-docstring,too-many-arguments,redefined-builtin,unused-argument
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name,missing-class-docstring,too-many-arguments,redefined-builtin,unused-argument,deprecated-typing-alias
 
 import typing
 from PyQt6.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSignal
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
     )
 
     class pyqtProperty:
-        def __init__(
+        def __init__(  # pylint: disable=too-many-positional-arguments
             self,
             type: typing.Union[type, str],
             fget: typing.Optional[typing.Callable[[QObjectT], TPropertyTypeVal]] = None,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/qt/machinery.py b/qutebrowser/qt/machinery.py
index dcb3b3243..f39fb7d7f 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/qt/machinery.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/qt/machinery.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import argparse
 import warnings
 import importlib
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Optional, Dict
+from typing import Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.utils import log
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class SelectionInfo:
     """Information about outcomes of importing Qt wrappers."""
 
     wrapper: Optional[str] = None
-    outcomes: Dict[str, str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
+    outcomes: dict[str, str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
     reason: SelectionReason = SelectionReason.unknown
 
     def set_module_error(self, name: str, error: Exception) -> None:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/debug.py b/qutebrowser/utils/debug.py
index 230c965ef..de7f87f1e 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/debug.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/debug.py
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import functools
 import datetime
 import types
 from typing import (
-    Any, Callable, List, Mapping, MutableSequence, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union)
+    Any, Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableSequence, Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import Qt, QEvent, QMetaMethod, QObject, pyqtBoundSignal
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ from qutebrowser.misc import objects
 from qutebrowser.qt import sip, machinery
 
 
-def log_events(klass: Type[QObject]) -> Type[QObject]:
+def log_events(klass: type[QObject]) -> type[QObject]:
     """Class decorator to log Qt events."""
     old_event = klass.event
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ def log_events(klass: Type[QObject]) -> Type[QObject]:
     return klass
 
 
-def log_signals(obj: Union[QObject, Type[QObject]]) -> Union[QObject, Type[QObject]]:
+def log_signals(obj: Union[QObject, type[QObject]]) -> Union[QObject, type[QObject]]:
     """Log all signals of an object or class.
 
     Can be used as class decorator.
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ else:
 
 def _qenum_key_python(
     value: _EnumValueType,
-    klass: Type[_EnumValueType],
+    klass: type[_EnumValueType],
 ) -> Optional[str]:
     """New-style PyQt6: Try getting value from Python enum."""
     if isinstance(value, enum.Enum) and value.name:
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ def _qenum_key_python(
 
 
 def _qenum_key_qt(
-    base: Type[sip.simplewrapper],
+    base: type[sip.simplewrapper],
     value: _EnumValueType,
-    klass: Type[_EnumValueType],
+    klass: type[_EnumValueType],
 ) -> Optional[str]:
     # On PyQt5, or PyQt6 with int passed: Try to ask Qt's introspection.
     # However, not every Qt enum value has a staticMetaObject
@@ -139,9 +140,9 @@ def _qenum_key_qt(
 
 
 def qenum_key(
-    base: Type[sip.simplewrapper],
+    base: type[sip.simplewrapper],
     value: _EnumValueType,
-    klass: Type[_EnumValueType] = None,
+    klass: type[_EnumValueType] = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Convert a Qt Enum value to its key as a string.
 
@@ -173,9 +174,9 @@ def qenum_key(
     return '0x{:04x}'.format(int(value))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
-def qflags_key(base: Type[sip.simplewrapper],
+def qflags_key(base: type[sip.simplewrapper],
                value: _EnumValueType,
-               klass: Type[_EnumValueType] = None) -> str:
+               klass: type[_EnumValueType] = None) -> str:
     """Convert a Qt QFlags value to its keys as string.
 
     Note: Passing a combined value (such as Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter) will get the names
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ class log_time:  # noqa: N801,N806 pylint: disable=invalid-name
         self._started = datetime.datetime.now()
 
     def __exit__(self,
-                 _exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+                 _exc_type: Optional[type[BaseException]],
                  _exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
                  _exc_tb: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> None:
         assert self._started is not None
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ def get_all_objects(start_obj: QObject = None) -> str:
     if start_obj is None:
         start_obj = objects.qapp
 
-    pyqt_lines: List[str] = []
+    pyqt_lines: list[str] = []
     _get_pyqt_objects(pyqt_lines, start_obj)
     pyqt_lines = ['    ' + e for e in pyqt_lines]
     pyqt_lines.insert(0, 'Qt objects - {} objects:'.format(len(pyqt_lines)))
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/docutils.py b/qutebrowser/utils/docutils.py
index 6cd16730c..c357a2cd4 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/docutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/docutils.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import inspect
 import os.path
 import collections
 import enum
-from typing import Any, Callable, MutableMapping, Optional, List, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Callable
 
 import qutebrowser
 from qutebrowser.utils import log, utils
@@ -81,10 +82,10 @@ class DocstringParser:
         """
         self._state = self.State.short
         self._cur_arg_name: Optional[str] = None
-        self._short_desc_parts: List[str] = []
-        self._long_desc_parts: List[str] = []
+        self._short_desc_parts: list[str] = []
+        self._long_desc_parts: list[str] = []
         self.arg_descs: MutableMapping[
-            str, Union[str, List[str]]] = collections.OrderedDict()
+            str, Union[str, list[str]]] = collections.OrderedDict()
         doc = inspect.getdoc(func)
         handlers = {
             self.State.short: self._parse_short,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/error.py b/qutebrowser/utils/error.py
index 010970861..10dad90f7 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/error.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/error.py
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ from qutebrowser.utils import log, utils
 
 def _get_name(exc: BaseException) -> str:
     """Get a suitable exception name as a string."""
-    prefixes = ['qutebrowser', 'builtins']
+    prefixes = ['qutebrowser.', 'builtins.']
     name = utils.qualname(exc.__class__)
     for prefix in prefixes:
         if name.startswith(prefix):
-            name = name[len(prefix) + 1:]
+            name = name.removeprefix(prefix)
             break
     return name
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/javascript.py b/qutebrowser/utils/javascript.py
index 9890be446..66470155a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/javascript.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/javascript.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 """Utilities related to javascript interaction."""
 
-from typing import Sequence, Union
+from typing import Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 _InnerJsArgType = Union[None, str, bool, int, float]
 _JsArgType = Union[_InnerJsArgType, Sequence[_InnerJsArgType]]
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/jinja.py b/qutebrowser/utils/jinja.py
index d7c261942..c12bac5aa 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/jinja.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/jinja.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import posixpath
 import functools
 import contextlib
 import html
-from typing import Any, Callable, FrozenSet, Iterator, List, Set, Tuple
+from typing import Any
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Callable
 
 import jinja2
 import jinja2.nodes
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ class Loader(jinja2.BaseLoader):
             self,
             _env: jinja2.Environment,
             template: str
-    ) -> Tuple[str, str, Callable[[], bool]]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, str, Callable[[], bool]]:
         path = os.path.join(self._subdir, template)
         try:
             source = resources.read_file(path)
@@ -128,10 +129,10 @@ js_environment = jinja2.Environment(loader=Loader('javascript'))
 
 @debugcachestats.register()
 @functools.lru_cache
-def template_config_variables(template: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+def template_config_variables(template: str) -> frozenset[str]:
     """Return the config variables used in the template."""
-    unvisted_nodes: List[jinja2.nodes.Node] = [environment.parse(template)]
-    result: Set[str] = set()
+    unvisted_nodes: list[jinja2.nodes.Node] = [environment.parse(template)]
+    result: set[str] = set()
     while unvisted_nodes:
         node = unvisted_nodes.pop()
         if not isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Getattr):
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ def template_config_variables(template: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
 
         # List of attribute names in reverse order.
         # For example it's ['ab', 'c', 'd'] for 'conf.d.c.ab'.
-        attrlist: List[str] = []
+        attrlist: list[str] = []
         while isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Getattr):
             attrlist.append(node.attr)
             node = node.node
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/log.py b/qutebrowser/utils/log.py
index aa3ea4123..01701b3b5 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/log.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/log.py
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ import warnings
 import json
 import inspect
 import argparse
-from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Iterator, Mapping, MutableSequence,
-                    Optional, Set, Tuple, Union, TextIO, Literal, cast)
+from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any,
+                    Optional, Union, TextIO, Literal, cast)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, MutableSequence
 
 # NOTE: This is a Qt-free zone! All imports related to Qt logging should be done in
 # qutebrowser.utils.qtlog (see https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/issues/7769).
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ def _init_handlers(
         force_color: bool,
         json_logging: bool,
         ram_capacity: int
-) -> Tuple[Optional["logging.StreamHandler[TextIO]"], Optional['RAMHandler']]:
+) -> tuple[Optional["logging.StreamHandler[TextIO]"], Optional['RAMHandler']]:
     """Init log handlers.
 
     Args:
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ def _init_formatters(
         color: bool,
         force_color: bool,
         json_logging: bool,
-) -> Tuple[
+) -> tuple[
     Union['JSONFormatter', 'ColoredFormatter', None],
     'ColoredFormatter',
     'HTMLFormatter',
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ class InvalidLogFilterError(Exception):
 
     """Raised when an invalid filter string is passed to LogFilter.parse()."""
 
-    def __init__(self, names: Set[str]):
+    def __init__(self, names: set[str]):
         invalid = names - set(LOGGER_NAMES)
         super().__init__("Invalid log category {} - valid categories: {}"
                          .format(', '.join(sorted(invalid)),
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ class LogFilter(logging.Filter):
                     than debug.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, names: Set[str], *, negated: bool = False,
+    def __init__(self, names: set[str], *, negated: bool = False,
                  only_debug: bool = True) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.names = names
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/message.py b/qutebrowser/utils/message.py
index 275ed2f3d..8fc8f6fbe 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/message.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/message.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import traceback
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Any, Union, Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtBoundSignal, QObject
 
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ class GlobalMessageBridge(QObject):
     def __init__(self, parent: QObject = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(parent)
         self._connected = False
-        self._cache: List[MessageInfo] = []
+        self._cache: list[MessageInfo] = []
 
     def ask(self, question: usertypes.Question,
             blocking: bool, *,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/objreg.py b/qutebrowser/utils/objreg.py
index 8a3489d09..c027b3cf6 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/objreg.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/objreg.py
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@
 
 import collections
 import functools
-from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, MutableMapping, MutableSequence,
-                    Optional, Sequence, Union)
+from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any,
+                    Optional, Union)
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, MutableSequence, Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, QTimer
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@ def get(name: str,
 
 def register(name: str,
              obj: Any,
+             *,
              update: bool = False,
              scope: str = None,
              registry: ObjectRegistry = None,
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/qtlog.py b/qutebrowser/utils/qtlog.py
index 78b48ebee..215123f4a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/qtlog.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/qtlog.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import faulthandler
 import logging
 import sys
 import traceback
-from typing import Iterator, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import core as qtcore
 from qutebrowser.utils import log
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/qtutils.py b/qutebrowser/utils/qtutils.py
index c1f05b78d..a027db74a 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/qtutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/qtutils.py
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ import enum
 import pathlib
 import operator
 import contextlib
-from typing import (Any, TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, IO, Iterator, Literal,
-                    Optional, Union, Tuple, Protocol, cast, overload, TypeVar)
+from typing import (Any, TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, IO, Literal,
+                    Optional, Union, Protocol, cast, overload, TypeVar)
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery, sip
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import (qVersion, QEventLoop, QDataStream, QByteArray,
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from qutebrowser.qt.webkit import QWebHistory
     from qutebrowser.qt.webenginecore import QWebEngineHistory
-    from typing_extensions import TypeGuard  # added in Python 3.10
 
 from qutebrowser.misc import objects
 from qutebrowser.utils import usertypes, utils
@@ -529,9 +529,11 @@ class EventLoop(QEventLoop):
         return status
 
 
-def _get_color_percentage(x1: int, y1: int, z1: int, a1: int,
-                          x2: int, y2: int, z2: int, a2: int,
-                          percent: int) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+def _get_color_percentage(  # pylint: disable=too-many-positional-arguments
+    x1: int, y1: int, z1: int, a1: int,
+    x2: int, y2: int, z2: int, a2: int,
+    percent: int
+) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
     """Get a color which is percent% interpolated between start and end.
 
     Args:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/resources.py b/qutebrowser/utils/resources.py
index a97a2e994..35fd62f75 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/resources.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/resources.py
@@ -9,24 +9,19 @@ import sys
 import contextlib
 import posixpath
 import pathlib
-from typing import Iterator, Iterable, Union, Dict
+import importlib.resources
+from typing import Union
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Iterable
 
-
-# We cannot use the stdlib version on 3.8 because we need the files() API.
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90276
-    import importlib.resources as importlib_resources
     from importlib.resources.abc import Traversable
-elif sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
-    import importlib.resources as importlib_resources
+else:
     from importlib.abc import Traversable
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    import importlib_resources
-    from importlib_resources.abc import Traversable
 
 import qutebrowser
-_cache: Dict[str, str] = {}
-_bin_cache: Dict[str, bytes] = {}
+_cache: dict[str, str] = {}
+_bin_cache: dict[str, bytes] = {}
 
 
 _ResourceType = Union[Traversable, pathlib.Path]
@@ -37,7 +32,7 @@ def _path(filename: str) -> _ResourceType:
     assert not posixpath.isabs(filename), filename
     assert os.path.pardir not in filename.split(posixpath.sep), filename
 
-    return importlib_resources.files(qutebrowser) / filename
+    return importlib.resources.files(qutebrowser) / filename
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def _keyerror_workaround() -> Iterator[None]:
@@ -46,7 +41,7 @@ def _keyerror_workaround() -> Iterator[None]:
     WORKAROUND for zipfile.Path resources raising KeyError when a file was notfound:
     https://bugs.python.org/issue43063
 
-    Only needed for Python 3.8 and 3.9.
+    Only needed for Python 3.9.
     """
     try:
         yield
@@ -71,7 +66,7 @@ def _glob(
         assert isinstance(glob_path, pathlib.Path)
         for full_path in glob_path.glob(f'*{ext}'):  # . is contained in ext
             yield full_path.relative_to(resource_path).as_posix()
-    else:  # zipfile.Path or other importlib_resources.abc.Traversable
+    else:  # zipfile.Path or other importlib.resources.abc.Traversable
         assert glob_path.is_dir(), glob_path
         for subpath in glob_path.iterdir():
             if subpath.name.endswith(ext):
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/standarddir.py b/qutebrowser/utils/standarddir.py
index 1eb296e50..b82845a96 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/standarddir.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/standarddir.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import contextlib
 import enum
 import argparse
 import tempfile
-from typing import Iterator, Optional, Dict
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QStandardPaths
 from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ from qutebrowser.qt.widgets import QApplication
 from qutebrowser.utils import log, debug, utils, version, qtutils
 
 # The cached locations
-_locations: Dict["_Location", str] = {}
+_locations: dict["_Location", str] = {}
 
 
 class _Location(enum.Enum):
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/urlmatch.py b/qutebrowser/utils/urlmatch.py
index 55b0037dc..1a558f307 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/urlmatch.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/urlmatch.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/6f4a6681eae01c2036336c18b06303e
 import ipaddress
 import fnmatch
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class UrlPattern:
         self._init_path(parsed)
         self._init_port(parsed)
 
-    def _to_tuple(self) -> Tuple[
+    def _to_tuple(self) -> tuple[
         bool,  # _match_all
         bool,  # _match_subdomains
         Optional[str],  # _scheme
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class UrlPattern:
         # FIXME This doesn't actually strip the hostname correctly.
         if (pattern.startswith('file://') and
                 not pattern.startswith('file:///')):
-            pattern = 'file:///' + pattern[len("file://"):]
+            pattern = 'file:///' + pattern.removeprefix("file://")
 
         return pattern
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/urlutils.py b/qutebrowser/utils/urlutils.py
index 6f0e910cf..839fdbe84 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/urlutils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/urlutils.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import ipaddress
 import posixpath
 import urllib.parse
 import mimetypes
-from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union, Iterable, cast
+from typing import Optional, Union, cast
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, QUrlQuery
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ class InvalidUrlError(Error):
         super().__init__(self.msg)
 
 
-def _parse_search_term(s: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+def _parse_search_term(s: str) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
     """Get a search engine name and search term from a string.
 
     Args:
@@ -464,7 +465,7 @@ def filename_from_url(url: QUrl, fallback: str = None) -> Optional[str]:
         return fallback
 
 
-HostTupleType = Tuple[str, str, int]
+HostTupleType = tuple[str, str, int]
 
 
 def host_tuple(url: QUrl) -> HostTupleType:
@@ -553,8 +554,8 @@ def same_domain(url1: QUrl, url2: QUrl) -> bool:
     if suffix1 != suffix2:
         return False
 
-    domain1 = url1.host()[:-len(suffix1)].split('.')[-1]
-    domain2 = url2.host()[:-len(suffix2)].split('.')[-1]
+    domain1 = url1.host().removesuffix(suffix1).split('.')[-1]
+    domain2 = url2.host().removesuffix(suffix2).split('.')[-1]
     return domain1 == domain2
 
 
@@ -668,7 +669,7 @@ def parse_javascript_url(url: QUrl) -> str:
     urlstr = url.toString(FormatOption.ENCODED)
     urlstr = urllib.parse.unquote(urlstr)
 
-    code = urlstr[len('javascript:'):]
+    code = urlstr.removeprefix('javascript:')
     if not code:
         raise Error("Resulted in empty JavaScript code")
 
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/usertypes.py b/qutebrowser/utils/usertypes.py
index d61d4aba7..c8e92bf17 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/usertypes.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/usertypes.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import enum
 import time
 import dataclasses
 import logging
-from typing import Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Optional, TypeVar, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QObject, QTimer
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/utils.py b/qutebrowser/utils/utils.py
index cf340e444..9c506471d 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/utils.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/utils.py
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ import contextlib
 import shlex
 import sysconfig
 import mimetypes
-from typing import (Any, Callable, IO, Iterator,
-                    Optional, Sequence, Tuple, List, Type, Union,
+from typing import (Any, IO,
+                    Optional, Union,
                     TypeVar, Protocol)
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence, Callable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl, QVersionNumber, QRect, QPoint
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QClipboard, QDesktopServices
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ def qualname(obj: Any) -> str:
         return repr(obj)
 
 
-_ExceptionType = Union[Type[BaseException], Tuple[Type[BaseException]]]
+_ExceptionType = Union[type[BaseException], tuple[type[BaseException]]]
 
 
 def raises(exc: _ExceptionType, func: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any) -> bool:
@@ -776,14 +777,38 @@ def mimetype_extension(mimetype: str) -> Optional[str]:
 
     This mostly delegates to Python's mimetypes.guess_extension(), but backports some
     changes (via a simple override dict) which are missing from earlier Python versions.
-    Most likely, this can be dropped once the minimum Python version is raised to 3.10.
     """
-    overrides = {
-        # Added in 3.10
-        "application/x-hdf5": ".h5",
-        # Added around 3.8
-        "application/manifest+json": ".webmanifest",
-    }
+    overrides = {}
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 13):
+        overrides.update({
+            "text/rtf": ".rtf",
+            "text/markdown": ".md",
+            "text/x-rst": ".rst",
+        })
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 12):
+        overrides.update({
+            "text/javascript": ".js",
+        })
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):
+        overrides.update({
+            "application/n-quads": ".nq",
+            "application/n-triples": ".nt",
+            "application/trig": ".trig",
+            "image/avif": ".avif",
+            "image/webp": ".webp",
+            "text/n3": ".n3",
+            "text/vtt": ".vtt",
+        })
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 10):
+        overrides.update({
+            "application/x-hdf5": ".h5",
+            "audio/3gpp": ".3gp",
+            "audio/3gpp2": ".3g2",
+            "audio/aac": ".aac",
+            "audio/opus": ".opus",
+            "image/heic": ".heic",
+            "image/heif": ".heif",
+        })
     if mimetype in overrides:
         return overrides[mimetype]
     return mimetypes.guess_extension(mimetype, strict=False)
@@ -846,7 +871,7 @@ def parse_point(s: str) -> QPoint:
         raise ValueError(e)
 
 
-def match_globs(patterns: List[str], value: str) -> Optional[str]:
+def match_globs(patterns: list[str], value: str) -> Optional[str]:
     """Match a list of glob-like patterns against a value.
 
     Return:
diff --git a/qutebrowser/utils/version.py b/qutebrowser/utils/version.py
index 298eba9ca..ec167377c 100644
--- a/qutebrowser/utils/version.py
+++ b/qutebrowser/utils/version.py
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ import getpass
 import functools
 import dataclasses
 import importlib.metadata
-from typing import (Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, ClassVar, Dict, Any,
+from typing import (Optional, ClassVar, Any,
                     TYPE_CHECKING)
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 
 from qutebrowser.qt import machinery
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import PYQT_VERSION_STR
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class Distribution(enum.Enum):
     solus = enum.auto()
 
 
-def _parse_os_release() -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+def _parse_os_release() -> Optional[dict[str, str]]:
     """Parse an /etc/os-release file."""
     filename = os.environ.get('QUTE_FAKE_OS_RELEASE', '/etc/os-release')
     info = {}
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ def _git_str_subprocess(gitpath: str) -> Optional[str]:
         return None
 
 
-def _release_info() -> Sequence[Tuple[str, str]]:
+def _release_info() -> Sequence[tuple[str, str]]:
     """Try to gather distribution release information.
 
     Return:
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ class ModuleInfo:
         return text
 
 
-def _create_module_info() -> Dict[str, ModuleInfo]:
+def _create_module_info() -> dict[str, ModuleInfo]:
     packages = [
         ('colorama', ['VERSION', '__version__']),
         ('jinja2', ['__version__']),
@@ -538,20 +539,22 @@ class WebEngineVersions:
     chromium_security: Optional[str] = None
     chromium_major: Optional[int] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
 
-    _BASES: ClassVar[Dict[int, str]] = {
-        83: '83.0.4103.122',  # ~2020-06-24
-        87: '87.0.4280.144',  # ~2020-12-02
-        90: '90.0.4430.228',  # 2021-06-22
-        94: '94.0.4606.126',  # 2021-11-17
-        102: '102.0.5005.177',  # ~2022-05-24
+    # Dates based on https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+refs
+    _BASES: ClassVar[dict[int, str]] = {
+        83: '83.0.4103.122',  # 2020-06-27, Qt 5.15.2
+        87: '87.0.4280.144',  # 2021-01-08, Qt 5.15
+        90: '90.0.4430.228',  # 2021-06-22, Qt 6.2
+        94: '94.0.4606.126',  # 2021-11-17, Qt 6.3
+        102: '102.0.5005.177',  # 2022-09-01, Qt 6.4
         # (.220 claimed by code, .181 claimed by CHROMIUM_VERSION)
-        108: '108.0.5359.220',  # ~2022-12-23
-        112: '112.0.5615.213',  # ~2023-04-18
-        118: '118.0.5993.220',  # ~2023-10-24
-        122: '122.0.6261.171',  # ~2024-??-??
+        108: '108.0.5359.220',  # 2023-01-27, Qt 6.5
+        112: '112.0.5615.213',  # 2023-05-24, Qt 6.6
+        118: '118.0.5993.220',  # 2024-01-25, Qt 6.7
+        122: '122.0.6261.171',  # 2024-04-15, Qt 6.8
     }
 
-    _CHROMIUM_VERSIONS: ClassVar[Dict[utils.VersionNumber, Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]] = {
+    # Dates based on https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/
+    _CHROMIUM_VERSIONS: ClassVar[dict[utils.VersionNumber, tuple[str, Optional[str]]]] = {
         # ====== UNSUPPORTED =====
 
         # Qt 5.12: Chromium 69
@@ -707,7 +710,7 @@ class WebEngineVersions:
     def _infer_chromium_version(
             cls,
             pyqt_webengine_version: utils.VersionNumber,
-    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+    ) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
         """Infer the Chromium version based on the PyQtWebEngine version.
 
         Returns:
@@ -1017,7 +1020,7 @@ class OpenGLInfo:
     version_str: Optional[str] = None
 
     # The parsed version as a (major, minor) tuple of ints
-    version: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None
+    version: Optional[tuple[int, ...]] = None
 
     # The vendor specific information following the version number
     vendor_specific: Optional[str] = None
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 4102f1af6..4afe7fb9c 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 adblock==0.6.0
 colorama==0.4.6
-importlib_resources==6.4.5 ; python_version=="3.8.*"
 Jinja2==3.1.4
-MarkupSafe==2.1.5
+MarkupSafe==3.0.2
 Pygments==2.18.0
 PyYAML==6.0.2
-zipp==3.20.2
 # Unpinned due to recompile_requirements.py limitations
 pyobjc-core ; sys_platform=="darwin"
 pyobjc-framework-Cocoa ; sys_platform=="darwin"
diff --git a/scripts/dev/build_release.py b/scripts/dev/build_release.py
index ed653316b..c0482f414 100755
--- a/scripts/dev/build_release.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/build_release.py
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ import platform
 import collections
 import dataclasses
 import re
-from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 try:
     import winreg
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ def _smoke_test_run(
     return subprocess.run(argv, check=True, capture_output=True)
 
 
-def smoke_test(executable: pathlib.Path, debug: bool, qt5: bool) -> None:
+def smoke_test(executable: pathlib.Path, debug: bool) -> None:
     """Try starting the given qutebrowser executable."""
     stdout_whitelist = []
     stderr_whitelist = [
@@ -164,18 +165,15 @@ def smoke_test(executable: pathlib.Path, debug: bool, qt5: bool) -> None:
             (r'\[.*:ERROR:command_buffer_proxy_impl.cc\([0-9]*\)\] '
             r'ContextResult::kTransientFailure: Failed to send '
             r'.*CreateCommandBuffer\.'),
+            # FIXME:qt6 Qt 6.3 on macOS
+            r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Incompatible version of OpenSSL',
+            r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Qt WebEngine resources not found at .*',
+            (r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Installed Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at '
+            r'location /qtwebengine_locales\. Trying application directory\.\.\.'),
+            # Qt 6.7, only seen on macos for some reason
+            (r'.*Path override failed for key base::DIR_APP_DICTIONARIES '
+             r"and path '.*/qtwebengine_dictionaries'"),
         ])
-        if not qt5:
-            stderr_whitelist.extend([
-                # FIXME:qt6 Qt 6.3 on macOS
-                r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Incompatible version of OpenSSL',
-                r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Qt WebEngine resources not found at .*',
-                (r'[0-9:]* WARNING: Installed Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at '
-                r'location /qtwebengine_locales\. Trying application directory\.\.\.'),
-                # Qt 6.7, only seen on macos for some reason
-                (r'.*Path override failed for key base::DIR_APP_DICTIONARIES '
-                 r"and path '.*/qtwebengine_dictionaries'"),
-            ])
     elif IS_WINDOWS:
         stderr_whitelist.extend([
             # Windows N:
@@ -267,10 +265,9 @@ def _mac_bin_path(base: pathlib.Path) -> pathlib.Path:
 def build_mac(
     *,
     gh_token: Optional[str],
-    qt5: bool,
     skip_packaging: bool,
     debug: bool,
-) -> List[Artifact]:
+) -> list[Artifact]:
     """Build macOS .dmg/.app."""
     utils.print_title("Cleaning up...")
     for f in ['wc.dmg', 'template.dmg']:
@@ -282,18 +279,18 @@ def build_mac(
         shutil.rmtree(d, ignore_errors=True)
 
     utils.print_title("Updating 3rdparty content")
-    update_3rdparty.run(ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=qt5, fancy_dmg=False,
+    update_3rdparty.run(ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=False, fancy_dmg=False,
                         gh_token=gh_token)
 
     utils.print_title("Building .app via pyinstaller")
-    call_tox(f'pyinstaller{"-qt5" if qt5 else ""}', '-r', debug=debug)
+    call_tox('pyinstaller', '-r', debug=debug)
     utils.print_title("Verifying .app")
     verify_mac_app()
 
     dist_path = pathlib.Path("dist")
 
     utils.print_title("Running pre-dmg smoke test")
-    smoke_test(_mac_bin_path(dist_path), debug=debug, qt5=qt5)
+    smoke_test(_mac_bin_path(dist_path), debug=debug)
 
     if skip_packaging:
         return []
@@ -304,7 +301,6 @@ def build_mac(
 
     arch = platform.machine()
     suffix = "-debug" if debug else ""
-    suffix += "-qt5" if qt5 else ""
     suffix += f"-{arch}"
     dmg_path = dist_path / f'qutebrowser-{qutebrowser.__version__}{suffix}.dmg'
     pathlib.Path('qutebrowser.dmg').rename(dmg_path)
@@ -317,7 +313,7 @@ def build_mac(
             subprocess.run(['hdiutil', 'attach', dmg_path,
                             '-mountpoint', tmp_path], check=True)
             try:
-                smoke_test(_mac_bin_path(tmp_path), debug=debug, qt5=qt5)
+                smoke_test(_mac_bin_path(tmp_path), debug=debug)
             finally:
                 print("Waiting 10s for dmg to be detachable...")
                 time.sleep(10)
@@ -355,10 +351,9 @@ def _get_windows_python_path() -> pathlib.Path:
 
 def _build_windows_single(
     *,
-    qt5: bool,
     skip_packaging: bool,
     debug: bool,
-) -> List[Artifact]:
+) -> list[Artifact]:
     """Build on Windows for a single build type."""
     utils.print_title("Running pyinstaller")
     dist_path = pathlib.Path("dist")
@@ -367,9 +362,7 @@ def _build_windows_single(
     _maybe_remove(out_path)
 
     python = _get_windows_python_path()
-    # FIXME:qt6 does this regress 391623d5ec983ecfc4512c7305c4b7a293ac3872?
-    suffix = "-qt5" if qt5 else ""
-    call_tox(f'pyinstaller{suffix}', '-r', python=python, debug=debug)
+    call_tox('pyinstaller', '-r', python=python, debug=debug)
 
     out_pyinstaller = dist_path / "qutebrowser"
     shutil.move(out_pyinstaller, out_path)
@@ -379,7 +372,7 @@ def _build_windows_single(
     verify_windows_exe(exe_path)
 
     utils.print_title("Running smoke test")
-    smoke_test(exe_path, debug=debug, qt5=qt5)
+    smoke_test(exe_path, debug=debug)
 
     if skip_packaging:
         return []
@@ -388,19 +381,17 @@ def _build_windows_single(
     return _package_windows_single(
         out_path=out_path,
         debug=debug,
-        qt5=qt5,
     )
 
 
 def build_windows(
     *, gh_token: str,
     skip_packaging: bool,
-    qt5: bool,
     debug: bool,
-) -> List[Artifact]:
+) -> list[Artifact]:
     """Build windows executables/setups."""
     utils.print_title("Updating 3rdparty content")
-    update_3rdparty.run(nsis=True, ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=qt5,
+    update_3rdparty.run(nsis=True, ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=False,
                         fancy_dmg=False, gh_token=gh_token)
 
     utils.print_title("Building Windows binaries")
@@ -412,7 +403,6 @@ def build_windows(
     artifacts = _build_windows_single(
         skip_packaging=skip_packaging,
         debug=debug,
-        qt5=qt5,
     )
     return artifacts
 
@@ -421,8 +411,7 @@ def _package_windows_single(
     *,
     out_path: pathlib.Path,
     debug: bool,
-    qt5: bool,
-) -> List[Artifact]:
+) -> list[Artifact]:
     """Build the given installer/zip for windows."""
     artifacts = []
 
@@ -430,7 +419,6 @@ def _package_windows_single(
     utils.print_subtitle("Building installer...")
     subprocess.run(['makensis.exe',
                     f'/DVERSION={qutebrowser.__version__}',
-                    f'/DQT5={qt5}',
                     'misc/nsis/qutebrowser.nsi'], check=True)
 
     name_parts = [
@@ -439,8 +427,6 @@ def _package_windows_single(
     ]
     if debug:
         name_parts.append('debug')
-    if qt5:
-        name_parts.append('qt5')
 
     name_parts.append('amd64')  # FIXME:qt6 temporary until new installer
     name = '-'.join(name_parts) + '.exe'
@@ -460,8 +446,6 @@ def _package_windows_single(
     ]
     if debug:
         zip_name_parts.append('debug')
-    if qt5:
-        zip_name_parts.append('qt5')
     zip_name = '-'.join(zip_name_parts) + '.zip'
 
     zip_path = dist_path / zip_name
@@ -475,7 +459,7 @@ def _package_windows_single(
     return artifacts
 
 
-def build_sdist() -> List[Artifact]:
+def build_sdist() -> list[Artifact]:
     """Build an sdist and list the contents."""
     utils.print_title("Building sdist")
 
@@ -565,7 +549,7 @@ def read_github_token(
 
 
 def github_upload(
-    artifacts: List[Artifact],
+    artifacts: list[Artifact],
     tag: str,
     gh_token: str,
     experimental: bool,
@@ -643,7 +627,7 @@ def github_upload(
                 break
 
 
-def pypi_upload(artifacts: List[Artifact], experimental: bool) -> None:
+def pypi_upload(artifacts: list[Artifact], experimental: bool) -> None:
     """Upload the given artifacts to PyPI using twine."""
     # https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2023-05-23-removing-pgp/
     artifacts = [a for a in artifacts if a.mimetype != 'application/pgp-signature']
@@ -655,13 +639,13 @@ def pypi_upload(artifacts: List[Artifact], experimental: bool) -> None:
         run_twine('upload', artifacts)
 
 
-def twine_check(artifacts: List[Artifact]) -> None:
+def twine_check(artifacts: list[Artifact]) -> None:
     """Check packages using 'twine check'."""
     utils.print_title("Running twine check...")
     run_twine('check', artifacts, '--strict')
 
 
-def run_twine(command: str, artifacts: List[Artifact], *args: str) -> None:
+def run_twine(command: str, artifacts: list[Artifact], *args: str) -> None:
     paths = [a.path for a in artifacts]
     subprocess.run([sys.executable, '-m', 'twine', command, *args, *paths], check=True)
 
@@ -680,8 +664,6 @@ def main() -> None:
                         help="Skip Windows installer/zip generation or macOS DMG.")
     parser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true', required=False,
                         help="Build a debug build.")
-    parser.add_argument('--qt5', action='store_true', required=False,
-                        help="Build against PyQt5")
     parser.add_argument('--experimental', action='store_true', required=False,
                         default=os.environ.get("GITHUB_REPOSITORY") == "qutebrowser/experiments",
                         help="Upload to experiments repo and test PyPI. Set automatically if on qutebrowser/experiments CI.")
@@ -712,14 +694,12 @@ def main() -> None:
         artifacts = build_windows(
             gh_token=gh_token,
             skip_packaging=args.skip_packaging,
-            qt5=args.qt5,
             debug=args.debug,
         )
     elif IS_MACOS:
         artifacts = build_mac(
             gh_token=gh_token,
             skip_packaging=args.skip_packaging,
-            qt5=args.qt5,
             debug=args.debug,
         )
     else:
diff --git a/scripts/dev/changelog_urls.json b/scripts/dev/changelog_urls.json
index b614a91d8..215696bf9 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/changelog_urls.json
+++ b/scripts/dev/changelog_urls.json
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
   "babel": "https://github.com/python-babel/babel/blob/master/CHANGES.rst",
   "alabaster": "https://alabaster.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html",
   "imagesize": "https://github.com/shibukawa/imagesize_py/commits/master",
-  "pytz": "https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz-announce/",
   "sphinxcontrib-applehelp": "https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html",
   "sphinxcontrib-devhelp": "https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html",
   "sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp": "https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html",
diff --git a/scripts/dev/check_coverage.py b/scripts/dev/check_coverage.py
index e1d0d8642..6de04703f 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/check_coverage.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/check_coverage.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ def _get_filename(filename):
             os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..'))
         common_path = os.path.commonprefix([basedir, filename])
         if common_path:
-            filename = filename[len(common_path):].lstrip('/')
+            filename = filename.removeprefix(common_path).lstrip('/')
 
     return filename
 
diff --git a/scripts/dev/misc_checks.py b/scripts/dev/misc_checks.py
index 4b838b5fe..5ffeb6019 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/misc_checks.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/misc_checks.py
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import subprocess
 import tokenize
 import traceback
 import pathlib
-from typing import List, Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 
 REPO_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
 sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ BINARY_EXTS = {'.png', '.icns', '.ico', '.bmp', '.gz', '.bin', '.pdf',
 def _get_files(
         *,
         verbose: bool,
-        ignored: List[pathlib.Path] = None
+        ignored: list[pathlib.Path] = None
 ) -> Iterator[pathlib.Path]:
     """Iterate over all files and yield filenames."""
     filenames = subprocess.run(
@@ -142,8 +143,8 @@ def _check_spelling_file(path, fobj, patterns):
 
 def _check_spelling_all(
     args: argparse.Namespace,
-    ignored: List[pathlib.Path],
-    patterns: List[Tuple[re.Pattern, str]],
+    ignored: list[pathlib.Path],
+    patterns: list[tuple[re.Pattern, str]],
 ) -> Optional[bool]:
     try:
         ok = True
diff --git a/scripts/dev/pylint_checkers/qute_pylint/config.py b/scripts/dev/pylint_checkers/qute_pylint/config.py
index be5bae082..6effc8836 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/pylint_checkers/qute_pylint/config.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/pylint_checkers/qute_pylint/config.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ConfigChecker(checkers.BaseChecker):
         node_str = node.as_string()
         prefix = 'config.val.'
         if node_str.startswith(prefix):
-            self._check_config(node, node_str[len(prefix):])
+            self._check_config(node, node_str.removeprefix(prefix))
 
     def _check_config(self, node, name):
         """Check that we're accessing proper config options."""
diff --git a/scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py b/scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
index 838e75931..f844e82a8 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/recompile_requirements.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def get_all_names():
     """Get all requirement names based on filenames."""
     for filename in glob.glob(os.path.join(REQ_DIR, 'requirements-*.txt-raw')):
         basename = os.path.basename(filename)
-        yield basename[len('requirements-'):-len('.txt-raw')]
+        yield basename.removeprefix('requirements-').removesuffix('.txt-raw')
 
 
 def run_pip(venv_dir, *args, quiet=False, **kwargs):
@@ -161,8 +161,11 @@ def parse_args():
 
 def git_diff(*args):
     """Run a git diff command."""
-    command = (['git', '--no-pager', 'diff'] + list(args) + [
-        '--', 'requirements.txt', 'misc/requirements/requirements-*.txt'])
+    command = (
+        ["git", "--no-pager", "-c", "diff.mnemonicPrefix=false", "diff"]
+        + list(args)
+        + ["--", "requirements.txt", "misc/requirements/requirements-*.txt"]
+    )
     proc = subprocess.run(command,
                           stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                           encoding='utf-8',
@@ -231,7 +234,7 @@ def extract_requirement_name(path: pathlib.Path) -> str:
     prefix = "requirements-"
     assert path.suffix == ".txt", path
     assert path.stem.startswith(prefix), path
-    return path.stem[len(prefix):]
+    return path.stem.removeprefix(prefix)
 
 
 def parse_versioned_line(line):
@@ -274,11 +277,11 @@ def _get_changes(diff):
             continue
         elif line.startswith('--- '):
             prefix = '--- a/'
-            current_path = pathlib.Path(line[len(prefix):])
+            current_path = pathlib.Path(line.removeprefix(prefix))
             continue
         elif line.startswith('+++ '):
             prefix = '+++ b/'
-            new_path = pathlib.Path(line[len(prefix):])
+            new_path = pathlib.Path(line.removeprefix(prefix))
             assert current_path == new_path, (current_path, new_path)
             continue
         elif not line.strip():
diff --git a/scripts/dev/run_pylint_on_tests.py b/scripts/dev/run_pylint_on_tests.py
index 580ef988f..d55caaf36 100644
--- a/scripts/dev/run_pylint_on_tests.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/run_pylint_on_tests.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ def main():
         'redefined-outer-name',
         'unused-argument',
         'too-many-arguments',
+        'too-many-positional-arguments',
         # things which are okay in tests
         'missing-docstring',
         'protected-access',
diff --git a/scripts/dev/update_3rdparty.py b/scripts/dev/update_3rdparty.py
index 4d8a5e562..7ad27c915 100755
--- a/scripts/dev/update_3rdparty.py
+++ b/scripts/dev/update_3rdparty.py
@@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ def update_pdfjs(target_version=None, legacy=False, gh_token=None):
     else:
         # We need target_version as x.y.z, without the 'v' prefix, though the
         # user might give it on the command line
-        if target_version.startswith('v'):
-            target_version = target_version[1:]
+        target_version = target_version.removeprefix('v')
         # version should have the prefix to be consistent with the return value
         # of get_latest_pdfjs_url()
         version = 'v' + target_version
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ def test_dicts():
                 print('ERROR: {}'.format(response.status))
 
 
-def run(nsis=False, ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=False, fancy_dmg=False,
+def run(*, nsis=False, ace=False, pdfjs=True, legacy_pdfjs=False, fancy_dmg=False,
         pdfjs_version=None, dicts=False, gh_token=None):
     """Update components based on the given arguments."""
     if nsis:
diff --git a/scripts/mkvenv.py b/scripts/mkvenv.py
index 4ab5d8c10..301780ac8 100755
--- a/scripts/mkvenv.py
+++ b/scripts/mkvenv.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import shutil
 import venv as pyvenv
 import subprocess
 import platform
-from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.pardir))
 from scripts import utils, link_pyqt
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def print_command(*cmd: Union[str, pathlib.Path], venv: bool) -> None:
     utils.print_col(prefix + ' '.join([str(e) for e in cmd]), 'blue')
 
 
-def parse_args(argv: List[str] = None) -> argparse.Namespace:
+def parse_args(argv: list[str] = None) -> argparse.Namespace:
     """Parse commandline arguments."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
     parser.add_argument('--update',
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def _version_key(v):
         return (999,)
 
 
-def pyqt_versions() -> List[str]:
+def pyqt_versions() -> list[str]:
     """Get a list of all available PyQt versions.
 
     The list is based on the filenames of misc/requirements/ files.
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def install_pyqt_wheels(venv_dir: pathlib.Path,
     pip_install(venv_dir, *wheels)
 
 
-def install_pyqt_snapshot(venv_dir: pathlib.Path, packages: List[str]) -> None:
+def install_pyqt_snapshot(venv_dir: pathlib.Path, packages: list[str]) -> None:
     """Install PyQt packages from the snapshot server."""
     utils.print_title("Installing PyQt snapshots")
     pip_install(venv_dir, '-U', *packages, '--no-deps', '--pre',
@@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ def apply_xcb_util_workaround(
     link_path.symlink_to(libxcb_util_path)
 
 
-def _find_libs() -> Dict[Tuple[str, str], List[str]]:
+def _find_libs() -> dict[tuple[str, str], list[str]]:
     """Find all system-wide .so libraries."""
-    all_libs: Dict[Tuple[str, str], List[str]] = {}
+    all_libs: dict[tuple[str, str], list[str]] = {}
 
     if pathlib.Path("/sbin/ldconfig").exists():
         # /sbin might not be in PATH on e.g. Debian
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index feb949595..9562a8e22 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -57,9 +57,8 @@ try:
         entry_points={'gui_scripts':
                       ['qutebrowser = qutebrowser.qutebrowser:main']},
         zip_safe=True,
-        install_requires=['jinja2', 'PyYAML',
-                          'importlib_resources>=1.1.0; python_version < "3.9"'],
-        python_requires='>=3.8',
+        install_requires=['jinja2', 'PyYAML'],
+        python_requires='>=3.9',
         name='qutebrowser',
         version=_get_constant('version'),
         description=_get_constant('description'),
@@ -81,10 +80,10 @@ try:
             'Operating System :: MacOS',
             'Operating System :: POSIX :: BSD',
             'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-            'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
             'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
             'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
             'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
+            'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
             'Topic :: Internet',
             'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
             'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Browsers',
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 89f32fed1..add8cd036 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -350,12 +350,8 @@ def apply_fake_os(monkeypatch, request):
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='session', autouse=True)
 def check_yaml_c_exts():
-    """Make sure PyYAML C extensions are available on CI.
-
-    Not available yet with a nightly Python, see:
-    https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/issues/630
-    """
-    if testutils.ON_CI and sys.version_info[:2] != (3, 11):
+    """Make sure PyYAML C extensions are available on CI."""
+    if testutils.ON_CI:
         from yaml import CLoader  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 
diff --git a/tests/end2end/features/conftest.py b/tests/end2end/features/conftest.py
index b7f112182..22fde0001 100644
--- a/tests/end2end/features/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/end2end/features/conftest.py
@@ -216,22 +216,22 @@ def open_path(quteproc, server, path):
 
     while True:
         if path.endswith(new_tab_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(new_tab_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(new_tab_suffix)
             new_tab = True
         elif path.endswith(new_bg_tab_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(new_bg_tab_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(new_bg_tab_suffix)
             new_bg_tab = True
         elif path.endswith(new_window_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(new_window_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(new_window_suffix)
             new_window = True
         elif path.endswith(private_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(private_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(private_suffix)
             private = True
         elif path.endswith(as_url_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(as_url_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(as_url_suffix)
             as_url = True
         elif path.endswith(do_not_wait_suffix):
-            path = path[:-len(do_not_wait_suffix)]
+            path = path.removesuffix(do_not_wait_suffix)
             wait = False
         else:
             break
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def run_command(quteproc, server, tmpdir, command):
 
     invalid_tag = ' (invalid command)'
     if command.endswith(invalid_tag):
-        command = command[:-len(invalid_tag)]
+        command = command.removesuffix(invalid_tag)
         invalid = True
     else:
         invalid = False
@@ -639,11 +639,11 @@ def check_open_tabs(quteproc, request, tabs):
         while line.endswith(active_suffix) or line.endswith(pinned_suffix):
             if line.endswith(active_suffix):
                 # active
-                line = line[:-len(active_suffix)]
+                line = line.removesuffix(active_suffix)
                 active = True
             else:
                 # pinned
-                line = line[:-len(pinned_suffix)]
+                line = line.removesuffix(pinned_suffix)
                 pinned = True
 
         session_tab = session['windows'][0]['tabs'][i]
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ def set_up_fileselector(quteproc, py_proc, tmpdir, kind, files, output_type):
         tmp_file = None
         for i, arg in enumerate(sys.argv):
             if arg.startswith('--file='):
-                tmp_file = arg[len('--file='):]
+                tmp_file = arg.removeprefix('--file=')
                 sys.argv.pop(i)
                 break
         selected_files = sys.argv[1:]
diff --git a/tests/end2end/features/utilcmds.feature b/tests/end2end/features/utilcmds.feature
index ebacea890..70fb26afc 100644
--- a/tests/end2end/features/utilcmds.feature
+++ b/tests/end2end/features/utilcmds.feature
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ Feature: Miscellaneous utility commands exposed to the user.
 
     ## :debug-cache-stats
 
-    @python>=3.9.0
     Scenario: :debug-cache-stats
         When I run :debug-cache-stats
         Then "is_valid_prefix: CacheInfo(*)" should be logged
diff --git a/tests/end2end/fixtures/notificationserver.py b/tests/end2end/fixtures/notificationserver.py
index 61cff7767..21cbb0e8d 100644
--- a/tests/end2end/fixtures/notificationserver.py
+++ b/tests/end2end/fixtures/notificationserver.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
-from typing import Dict, List
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QObject, QByteArray, QUrl, pyqtSlot
 from qutebrowser.qt.gui import QImage
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ class TestNotificationServer(QObject):
         self._bus = QDBusConnection.sessionBus()
         self._message_id_gen = itertools.count(1)
         # A dict mapping notification IDs to currently-displayed notifications.
-        self.messages: Dict[int, NotificationProperties] = {}
+        self.messages: dict[int, NotificationProperties] = {}
         self.supports_body_markup = True
         self.last_id = None
 
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ class TestNotificationServer(QObject):
         return message_id
 
     @pyqtSlot(QDBusMessage, result="QStringList")
-    def GetCapabilities(self, message: QDBusMessage) -> List[str]:
+    def GetCapabilities(self, message: QDBusMessage) -> list[str]:
         assert not message.signature()
         assert not message.arguments()
         assert message.type() == QDBusMessage.MessageType.MethodCallMessage
diff --git a/tests/end2end/test_dirbrowser.py b/tests/end2end/test_dirbrowser.py
index 58cf66d6a..c1762b183 100644
--- a/tests/end2end/test_dirbrowser.py
+++ b/tests/end2end/test_dirbrowser.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 import pathlib
 import dataclasses
-from typing import List
 
 import pytest
 import bs4
@@ -97,8 +96,8 @@ class Parsed:
 
     path: str
     parent: str
-    folders: List[str]
-    files: List[str]
+    folders: list[str]
+    files: list[str]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ def parse(quteproc):
     title_prefix = 'Browse directory: '
     # Strip off the title prefix to obtain the path of the folder that
     # we're browsing
-    path = pathlib.Path(soup.title.string[len(title_prefix):])
+    path = pathlib.Path(soup.title.string.removeprefix(title_prefix))
 
     container = soup('div', id='dirbrowserContainer')[0]
 
diff --git a/tests/end2end/test_invocations.py b/tests/end2end/test_invocations.py
index 75df387fb..47e67571e 100644
--- a/tests/end2end/test_invocations.py
+++ b/tests/end2end/test_invocations.py
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ def test_launching_with_old_python(python):
     except FileNotFoundError:
         pytest.skip(f"{python} not found")
     assert proc.returncode == 1
-    error = "At least Python 3.8 is required to run qutebrowser"
+    error = "At least Python 3.9 is required to run qutebrowser"
     assert proc.stderr.decode('ascii').startswith(error)
 
 
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ def test_restart(request, quteproc_new):
     quteproc_new.wait_for_quit()
 
     assert line.message.startswith(prefix)
-    pid = int(line.message[len(prefix):])
+    pid = int(line.message.removeprefix(prefix))
     os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
 
     try:
diff --git a/tests/helpers/stubs.py b/tests/helpers/stubs.py
index 658b027cb..50528ee8b 100644
--- a/tests/helpers/stubs.py
+++ b/tests/helpers/stubs.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 """Fake objects/stubs."""
 
-from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple
+from typing import Any
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from unittest import mock
 import contextlib
 import shutil
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ class FakeCommand:
     completion: Any = None
     maxsplit: int = None
     takes_count: Callable[[], bool] = lambda: False
-    modes: Tuple[usertypes.KeyMode] = (usertypes.KeyMode.normal, )
+    modes: tuple[usertypes.KeyMode] = (usertypes.KeyMode.normal, )
 
 
 class FakeTimer(QObject):
diff --git a/tests/unit/browser/test_notification.py b/tests/unit/browser/test_notification.py
index 3d6c16f87..6c888f084 100644
--- a/tests/unit/browser/test_notification.py
+++ b/tests/unit/browser/test_notification.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import logging
 import itertools
 import inspect
-from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QUrl, QObject
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class FakeDBusMessage:
         self._type = typ
         self._error_name = error_name
 
-    def arguments(self) -> List[Any]:
+    def arguments(self) -> list[Any]:
         return self._arguments
 
     def signature(self) -> str:
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ class FakeDBusInterface:
         icon: str,
         title: str,
         body: str,
-        actions: List[str],
-        hints: Dict[str, Any],
+        actions: list[str],
+        hints: dict[str, Any],
         timeout: int,
     ) -> FakeDBusMessage:
         assert self.notify_reply is not None
diff --git a/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_darkmode.py b/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_darkmode.py
index 2f7021e95..8b8959a15 100644
--- a/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_darkmode.py
+++ b/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_darkmode.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 
 import logging
-from typing import List, Tuple
 
 import pytest
 QWebEngineSettings = pytest.importorskip("qutebrowser.qt.webenginecore").QWebEngineSettings
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ class TestDefinition:
     ) -> darkmode._Definition:
         return darkmode._Definition(setting1, setting2, mandatory=set(), prefix="")
 
-    def _get_settings(self, definition: darkmode._Definition) -> List[darkmode._Setting]:
+    def _get_settings(self, definition: darkmode._Definition) -> list[darkmode._Setting]:
         return [setting for _key, setting in definition.prefixed_settings()]
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "prefix"])
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ def test_customization(config_stub, setting, value, exp_key, exp_val):
     ('6.5.3', 'policy.images', 'smart', [('ImagePolicy', '2')]),
     ('6.5.3', 'policy.images', 'smart-simple', [('ImagePolicy', '2')]),
 ])
-def test_image_policy(config_stub, qtwe_version: str, setting: str, value: str, expected: List[Tuple[str, str]]):
+def test_image_policy(config_stub, qtwe_version: str, setting: str, value: str, expected: list[tuple[str, str]]):
     config_stub.val.colors.webpage.darkmode.enabled = True
     config_stub.set_obj('colors.webpage.darkmode.' + setting, value)
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_webview.py b/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_webview.py
index f14a896b6..8ffc81d60 100644
--- a/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_webview.py
+++ b/tests/unit/browser/webengine/test_webview.py
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ class Naming:
 def camel_to_snake(naming, name):
     if naming.prefix:
         assert name.startswith(naming.prefix)
-        name = name[len(naming.prefix):]
+        name = name.removeprefix(naming.prefix)
     if naming.suffix:
         assert name.endswith(naming.suffix)
-        name = name[:-len(naming.suffix)]
+        name = name.removesuffix(naming.suffix)
     # https://stackoverflow.com/a/1176023
     return re.sub(r'(?<!^)(?=[A-Z])', '_', name).lower()
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/browser/webkit/network/test_filescheme.py b/tests/unit/browser/webkit/network/test_filescheme.py
index 3ed04ec01..6eee5da52 100644
--- a/tests/unit/browser/webkit/network/test_filescheme.py
+++ b/tests/unit/browser/webkit/network/test_filescheme.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 import os
 import dataclasses
-from typing import List
 
 import pytest
 import bs4
@@ -101,8 +100,8 @@ class TestDirbrowserHtml:
     class Parsed:
 
         parent: str
-        folders: List[str]
-        files: List[str]
+        folders: list[str]
+        files: list[str]
 
     @dataclasses.dataclass
     class Item:
diff --git a/tests/unit/components/test_braveadblock.py b/tests/unit/components/test_braveadblock.py
index 54ef85115..dab842139 100644
--- a/tests/unit/components/test_braveadblock.py
+++ b/tests/unit/components/test_braveadblock.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import pathlib
 import logging
 import csv
-from typing import Iterable, Tuple
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import QUrl
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def assert_only_one_success_message(messages):
 
 def assert_urls(
     ad_blocker: braveadblock.BraveAdBlocker,
-    urls: Iterable[Tuple[str, str, ResourceType]],
+    urls: Iterable[tuple[str, str, ResourceType]],
     should_be_blocked: bool,
 ) -> None:
     for (str_url, source_str_url, request_type) in urls:
diff --git a/tests/unit/javascript/test_js_quirks.py b/tests/unit/javascript/test_js_quirks.py
index 9218c6d0d..981f9d9e8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/javascript/test_js_quirks.py
+++ b/tests/unit/javascript/test_js_quirks.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def test_js_quirks(config_stub, js_tester_webengine, base_url, source, expected)
 def test_js_quirks_match_files(webengine_tab):
     quirks_path = pathlib.Path(qutebrowser.__file__).parent / "javascript" / "quirks"
     suffix = ".user.js"
-    quirks_files = {p.name[:-len(suffix)] for p in quirks_path.glob(f"*{suffix}")}
+    quirks_files = {p.name.removesuffix(suffix) for p in quirks_path.glob(f"*{suffix}")}
     quirks_code = {q.filename for q in webengine_tab._scripts._get_quirks()}
     assert quirks_code == quirks_files
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_js_quirks_match_settings(webengine_tab, configdata_init):
     valid_values = opt.typ.get_valid_values()
     assert valid_values is not None
     quirks_config = {
-        val[len(prefix):].replace("-", "_")
+        val.removeprefix(prefix).replace("-", "_")
         for val in valid_values
         if val.startswith(prefix)
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/keyinput/test_keyutils.py b/tests/unit/keyinput/test_keyutils.py
index 572456a22..257bd89a2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/keyinput/test_keyutils.py
+++ b/tests/unit/keyinput/test_keyutils.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def qtest_key(request):
 
 def test_key_data_keys():
     """Make sure all possible keys are in key_data.KEYS."""
-    key_names = {name[len("Key_"):]
+    key_names = {name.removeprefix("Key_")
                  for name in testutils.enum_members(Qt, Qt.Key)}
     key_data_names = {key.attribute for key in sorted(key_data.KEYS)}
     diff = key_names - key_data_names
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_key_data_keys():
 
 def test_key_data_modifiers():
     """Make sure all possible modifiers are in key_data.MODIFIERS."""
-    mod_names = {name[:-len("Modifier")]
+    mod_names = {name.removesuffix("Modifier")
                  for name, value in testutils.enum_members(Qt, Qt.KeyboardModifier).items()
                  if value not in [Qt.KeyboardModifier.NoModifier, Qt.KeyboardModifier.KeyboardModifierMask]}
     mod_data_names = {mod.attribute for mod in sorted(key_data.MODIFIERS)}
diff --git a/tests/unit/misc/test_checkpyver.py b/tests/unit/misc/test_checkpyver.py
index fddf9e9e8..8bcdf9772 100644
--- a/tests/unit/misc/test_checkpyver.py
+++ b/tests/unit/misc/test_checkpyver.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import pytest
 from qutebrowser.misc import checkpyver
 
 
-TEXT = (r"At least Python 3.8 is required to run qutebrowser, but it's "
+TEXT = (r"At least Python 3.9 is required to run qutebrowser, but it's "
         r"running with \d+\.\d+\.\d+.")
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/misc/test_editor.py b/tests/unit/misc/test_editor.py
index 3f7edd143..debfa7b9e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/misc/test_editor.py
+++ b/tests/unit/misc/test_editor.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class TestFileHandling:
         msg = message_mock.getmsg(usertypes.MessageLevel.info)
         prefix = 'Editor backup at '
         assert msg.text.startswith(prefix)
-        fname = msg.text[len(prefix):]
+        fname = msg.text.removeprefix(prefix)
 
         with qtbot.wait_signal(editor.editing_finished):
             editor._proc._proc.finished.emit(0, QProcess.ExitStatus.NormalExit)
diff --git a/tests/unit/misc/test_ipc.py b/tests/unit/misc/test_ipc.py
index 79c2c7b7d..f611428af 100644
--- a/tests/unit/misc/test_ipc.py
+++ b/tests/unit/misc/test_ipc.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import json
 import hashlib
 import dataclasses
 from unittest import mock
-from typing import Optional, List
+from typing import Optional
 
 import pytest
 from qutebrowser.qt.core import pyqtSignal, QObject
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ class TestSendOrListen:
 
         no_err_windows: bool
         basedir: str
-        command: List[str]
+        command: list[str]
         target: Optional[str]
 
     @pytest.fixture
diff --git a/tests/unit/misc/test_split.py b/tests/unit/misc/test_split.py
index f8b700982..2e991dc51 100644
--- a/tests/unit/misc/test_split.py
+++ b/tests/unit/misc/test_split.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 """Tests for qutebrowser.misc.split."""
 
 import dataclasses
-from typing import List
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -100,8 +99,8 @@ def _parse_split_test_data_str():
     class TestCase:
 
         inp: str
-        keep: List[str]
-        no_keep: List[str]
+        keep: list[str]
+        no_keep: list[str]
 
     for line in test_data_str.splitlines():
         if not line:
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_qt_machinery.py b/tests/unit/test_qt_machinery.py
index cf7990393..677494ee5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_qt_machinery.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_qt_machinery.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import sys
 import html
 import argparse
 import typing
-from typing import Any, Optional, List, Dict, Union, Type
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 import dataclasses
 
 import pytest
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def undo_init(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         (machinery.NoWrapperAvailableError(machinery.SelectionInfo()), ImportError),
     ],
 )
-def test_importerror_exceptions(exception: Exception, base: Type[Exception]):
+def test_importerror_exceptions(exception: Exception, base: type[Exception]):
     with pytest.raises(base):
         raise exception
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def test_selectioninfo_str(info: machinery.SelectionInfo, expected: str):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("order", [["PyQt5", "PyQt6"], ["PyQt6", "PyQt5"]])
-def test_selectioninfo_str_wrapper_precedence(order: List[str]):
+def test_selectioninfo_str_wrapper_precedence(order: list[str]):
     """The order of the wrappers should be the same as in machinery.WRAPPERS."""
     info = machinery.SelectionInfo(
         wrapper="PyQt6",
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def modules():
 )
 def test_autoselect(
     stubs: Any,
-    available: Dict[str, Union[bool, Exception]],
+    available: dict[str, Union[bool, Exception]],
     expected: machinery.SelectionInfo,
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ):
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class TestInit:
     def test_none_available_implicit(
         self,
         stubs: Any,
-        modules: Dict[str, bool],
+        modules: dict[str, bool],
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
         qt_auto_env: None,
     ):
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ class TestInit:
     def test_none_available_explicit(
         self,
         stubs: Any,
-        modules: Dict[str, bool],
+        modules: dict[str, bool],
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
         empty_args: argparse.Namespace,
         qt_auto_env: None,
diff --git a/tests/unit/utils/test_resources.py b/tests/unit/utils/test_resources.py
index 911f072f1..3669e523a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/utils/test_resources.py
+++ b/tests/unit/utils/test_resources.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class TestReadFile:
                                           'html/error.html'])
     def test_read_cached_file(self, mocker, filename):
         resources.preload()
-        m = mocker.patch('qutebrowser.utils.resources.importlib_resources.files')
+        m = mocker.patch('qutebrowser.utils.resources.importlib.resources.files')
         resources.read_file(filename)
         m.assert_not_called()
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class TestReadFile:
                 return self
 
         if fake_exception is not None:
-            monkeypatch.setattr(resources.importlib_resources, 'files',
+            monkeypatch.setattr(resources.importlib.resources, 'files',
                                 lambda _pkg: BrokenFileFake(fake_exception))
 
         meth = getattr(resources, name)
diff --git a/tests/unit/utils/test_utils.py b/tests/unit/utils/test_utils.py
index 51255aa61..fc4a3e652 100644
--- a/tests/unit/utils/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/unit/utils/test_utils.py
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ def test_get_repr(constructor, attrs, expected):
     assert utils.get_repr(Obj(), constructor, **attrs) == expected
 
 
-class QualnameObj():
+class QualnameObj:
 
     """Test object for test_qualname."""
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/utils/test_version.py b/tests/unit/utils/test_version.py
index 149b1d855..91d737dd2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/utils/test_version.py
+++ b/tests/unit/utils/test_version.py
@@ -737,7 +737,6 @@ class TestModuleVersions:
         ('yaml', True),
         ('adblock', True),
         ('dataclasses', False),
-        ('importlib_resources', False),
         ('objc', True),
     ])
     def test_existing_attributes(self, name, has_version):
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 607b19fb3..274638969 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # and then run "tox" from this directory.
 
 [tox]
-envlist = py38-pyqt515-cov,mypy-pyqt5,misc,vulture,flake8,pylint,pyroma,check-manifest,eslint,yamllint,actionlint
+envlist = py39-pyqt515-cov,mypy-pyqt5,misc,vulture,flake8,pylint,pyroma,check-manifest,eslint,yamllint,actionlint
 distshare = {toxworkdir}
 skipsdist = true
 minversion = 3.20
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ passenv =
 basepython =
     py: {env:PYTHON:python3}
     py3: {env:PYTHON:python3}
-    py38: {env:PYTHON:python3.8}
     py39: {env:PYTHON:python3.9}
     py310: {env:PYTHON:python3.10}
     py311: {env:PYTHON:python3.11}