cmd/compile: fix panic in field tracking logic

Within the frontend, we generally don't guarantee uniqueness of
anonymous types. For example, each struct type literal gets
represented by its own types.Type instance.

However, the field tracking code was using the struct type as a map
key. This broke in golang.org/cl/256457, because that CL started
changing the inlined parameter variables from using the types.Type of
the declared parameter to that of the call site argument. These are
always identical types (e.g., types.Identical would report true), but
they can be different pointer values, causing the map lookup to fail.

The easiest fix is to simply get rid of the map and instead use
Node.Opt for tracking the types.Field. To mitigate against more latent
field tracking failures (e.g., if any other code were to start trying
to use Opt on ODOT/ODOTPTR fields), we store this field
unconditionally. I also expect having the types.Field will be useful
to other frontend code in the future.

Finally, to make it easier to test field tracking without having to
run make.bash with GOEXPERIMENT=fieldtrack, this commit adds a
-d=fieldtrack flag as an alternative way to enable field tracking
within the compiler. See also #42681.

Fixes #42686.

Change-Id: I6923d206d5e2cab1e6798cba36cae96c1eeaea55
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/271217
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Trust: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>

1 files changed, 11 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/fixedbugs/issue42686.go b/test/fixedbugs/issue42686.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..962bdd35cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixedbugs/issue42686.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// compile -d=fieldtrack
+
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package p
+
+func a(x struct{ f int }) { _ = x.f }
+
+func b() { a(struct{ f int }{}) }